TMI-13-156, Response to Request for Additional Information on Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report: Difference between revisions

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| issue date = 11/18/2013
| issue date = 11/18/2013
| title = Response to Request for Additional Information on Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report
| title = Response to Request for Additional Information on Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report
| author name = Harden P A
| author name = Harden P
| author affiliation = GPU Nuclear, Inc
| author affiliation = GPU Nuclear, Inc
| addressee name =  
| addressee name =  
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{{#Wiki_filter:Cbu NUCLEAR GPU Nuclear, Inc.Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station Route 441 SouthPost Office Box 480Middletown. PA t 7057-0480Tel 71 7-948-8461 November 18,2013 TMt-13-156 10 cFR 50.5110 cFR 50.82Attn: Document Control DeskU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
{{#Wiki_filter:CbuN U C LE A R GPUNuclear, Inc.
ThreeMilelsland NuclearStation Route441South PostOfficeBox480 Middletown.PAt 7057-0480 Tel717-948-8461 November   18,2013 TMt-13-156                                                 1 0c F R 5 0 . 5 1 10 cFR 50.82 Attn:DocumentControlDesk U.S.NuclearRegulatory    Commission Washington,   D.C.20555-0001


==Subject:==
==Subject:==
Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2 Docket No. 50-320, Possession Only License No.
 
DPR-73 Response to Reqqest For Additional Information on Post-Shutdown Decommissionino Activities ReportOn June 28,2013 (Accession No. M113190A366), GPU Nuclear, Inc. (GPUN)submitted a post-shutdown decommissioning activities report (PSDAR) for ThreeMile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2, to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).By letter dated October 21,2013 (Accession No. M113266A285), the NRC statedthat they have completed their review of the PSDAR. As a result of this review, theNRC requested GPUN to provide an updated decommissioning cost estimate that reflects the most recent annual update. Attached is the revised PSDAR, which incorporates this information. The revised information is identified by a revision bar in the right page margin with a revision number adjacent to the bar.
ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2 DocketNo.50-320,Possession     OnlyLicenseNo. DPR-73 Response   to ReqqestForAdditionalInformation on Post-Shutdown Decommissionino   ActivitiesReport On June28,2013(Accession     No.M113190A366),   GPUNuclear,   Inc.(GPUN) submitteda post-shutdown   decommissioning         report activities     (PSDAR)     for Three MilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2, to the NuclearRegulatory  Commission       (NRC).
Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2 TMt-13-156 Page 2lf there are any questions or if additional information is required, please contact Mr. Gregory H. Halnon, Director - FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Company Fleet Regulatory Affairs at (330) 436-1369.
By letterdatedOctober21,2013(Accession     No.M113266A285),     the NRCstated that they havecompletedtheirreviewof the PSDAR.As a resultof this review,the NRCrequested    GPUNto providean updateddecommissioning      costestimatethat reflectsthe mostrecentannualupdate.Attachedis the revisedPSDAR,which incorporates this information.The revisedinformationis identifiedby a revisionbar in the rightpagemarginwitha revisionnumberadjacentto the bar.
 
ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2 TMt-13-156 Page2 lf thereare any questionsor if additional       is required,pleasecontact information Mr.GregoryH. Halnon,Director- FirstEnergy   NuclearOperating CompanyFleet Regulatory Affairsat (330)436-1369.


==Attachment:==
==Attachment:==
Three Mile lsland Nuclear Power Station, Unit 2 Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report, Revision 1, November 2013NRC Region I AdministratorNRC Senior Resident InspectorNRC Project Manager Director BRP/DEPSite BRP/DEP Reoresentative Attachment TMr-13-156Page 1 of25 Three Mile lsland Nuclear Power Station, Unat2 Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report Revision 1 November 2013 Attachment TMt-13-156Page 2 of 25 Table of Contents SECTIONI. INTRODUCTIONII. BACKGROUNDIII. DESCRIPTION OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES IV. SCHEDULE OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES V. ESTIMATED COSTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIESVII. REFERENCES PAGE 3 4 6 11 12 15 25 REVISION HISTORY Revision Number 0 1 Revision Description lnitial lssue (June 2013)lncorporated information to update Table 1 (November 2013)Changes are on Pages 1,2, 14, and to 2012 dollars 15 Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 3 of 25 I. INTRODUCTIONGPU Nuclear, Inc. (GPUN), acting for itself and for the Metropolitan Edison Company, Jersey Central Power and Light Company, and the Pennsylvania Electric Company, has developed this post-shutdown decommissioning activities report (PSDAR) for the Three Mib lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (TMl-2) in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 50.82, "Termination of license," paragraph (aX+Xi).TMI-2 has a possession only license (POL), and is currently maintained in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved SAFSTOR condition (method in which a nuclear facility is placed and maintained in a condition that allows it to be safely stored and subsequently decontaminated) known as post-defueling monitored storage (PDMS). GPUN has maintained TMI-2 in the PDMS state since the NRC provisions for cleanup were met and accepted in 1993.By letter dated August 14,2012, GPUN informed the NRC of the TMI-2 status relative to the 1996 Decommissioning Rule changes specifically related to 10 CFR 50.51 , "Continuation of license," and 10 CFR 50.82, "Termination of license."The letter stated the intent to submit a PSDAR that describes the planned decommissioning activities, schedule, cost estimates, and the environmental impactsof TMI-2 plant specific decommissioning. By NRC letter dated February 13,2013, the NRC stated that September 14, 1993 is considered the date of TMI-2's cessation of operations.
 
The following PSDAR report is provided in accordance with the requirements in 10 CFR 50.82. The PSDAR includes:
ThreeMilelslandNuclearPowerStation,Unit2 Post-Shutdown Decommissioning   ActivitiesReport,Revision1, November2013 NRCRegionI Administrator NRCSeniorResidentInspector NRCProjectManager DirectorBRP/DEP SiteBRP/DEPReoresentative
r A description of the planned decommissioning activities, o A schedule for their accomplishment, o A site-specific decommissioning cost estimate inctuding the projectedcost of managing irradiated fuel, and o A discussion that provides the reasons for concluding that theenvironmental impacts associated with site-specific decommissioningactivities will be bounded by previously issued environmental impact statements.Due to the unique nature of TMI-2, GPUN has included a Section ll,"Background," in the PSDAR report to provide information on the design, history,and current status of the Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station Unit 2. Sections lllthrough V address the 10 CFR 50.82 requirements to describe and provide a Attachment TMt-13-156Page 4 of 25 schedule and cost estimate for the planned decommissioning activities.
 
Section Vl provides the reasons for concluding that the activities planned for the decommissioning of TMI-2 are bounded by previously issued environmental impact statements. Section Vll provides a list of references used in the PSDAR.II. BACKGROUND TMI-2 is located on the northern-most section of Three Mile lsland near the east shore of the Susquehanna River in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The station is comprised of two pressurized water reactors. The TMI Nuclear Station includes the operating Unit 1, owned by Exelon Generation Company, LLC (Exelon), and the shutdown Unit 2 owned by GPUN.
Attachment TMr-13-156 Page1 of25 ThreeMilelslandNuclear  PowerStation,Unat2 Post-ShutdownDecommissioning          Report Activities Revision1 November   2013
TMI-2 is a non-operational pressurized water reactor that was rated at a core thermal power level of 2772 megawatt-thermal with a corresponding turbine-generator gross output of 959 megawatt-electric. TMI-2 employed a two loop pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system designed by Babcockand Wilcox Corporation. The reactor coolant system is housed within a steel-lined, post-tensioned concrete structure (reactor building), in the shape of a right, vertical cylinder with a hemispherical dome and a flat, reinforced concretebasemat. A welded steel liner plate, anchored to the inside face of the reactor building, serves as a leak-tight membrane.GPUN was issued an operating license for TMI-2 on February 8, 1978, with commercial operation declared on December 30, 1978. On March 28, 1979, the unit experienced an accident initiated by interruption of secondary feedwater flow.The lack of secondary feedwater resulted in the reduction of primary-to-secondary heat exchange that caused an increase in the reactor coolant temperature, creating a surge into the pressurizer, and an increase in system pressure.
 
The pressure operated relief valve (PORV) opened to relieve the pressure, but failed to close when the pressure decreased.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page2 of 25 Tableof Contents SECTION                                                              PAGE I. INTRODUCTION                                                    3 II. BACKGROUND                                                      4 III. DESCRIPTIONOF DECOMMISSIONING     ACTIVITIES                   6 IV. SCHEDULE OF DECOMMISSIONING     ACTIVITIES                     11 V. ESTIMATED COSTSOF DECOMMISSIONING         ACTIVITIES             12 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL   IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING       ACTIVITIES      15 VII. REFERENCES                                                     25 REVISION HISTORY RevisionNumber                RevisionDescription 0                           lnitiallssue (June2013) 1          lncorporated information to updateTable1 to 2012dollars (November   2013)
The reactor coolant pumps were turned off and a core heat-up began as the reactor coolant systemwater inventory continued to decrease resulting in a reactor vesselwater level below the top of the core.
Changes areon Pages1,2, 14,and1 5
This led to a core heat up that caused fuel damage.The majority of the fuel material travelled down through the region of the southeastern assemblies and into the core bypass region. A portion of the fuel material passed around the bypass region and migrated down into the lower internals and lower head region, but overall reactor vessel integrity wasmaintained throughout the accident.
 
Attachment TMI-13-156 Page 5 of 25As a result of this accident, small quantities of core debris and fission products were transported through the reactor coolant system and the reactor building.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page3 of 25 I. INTRODUCTION GPUNuclear,Inc.(GPUN),actingfor itselfandfor the Metropolitan           Edison Company,JerseyCentralPowerand LightCompany,andthe Pennsylvania ElectricCompany,hasdeveloped          thispost-shutdown   decommissioning   activities report(PSDAR)for the ThreeMib lslandNuclearStation,Unit2 (TMl-2)in accordance   withthe requirements     of 10 CFR50.82,"Termination     of license,"
In addition, a small quantity of core debris was transported to the auxiliary and fuel handling buildings. Further spread of the debris also occurred as part of the post-accident water processing cleanup activities.
paragraph   (aX+Xi).
The quantity of fuel remaining at TMI-2 is a small fraction of the initial fuel load;approximately 99 percent (%) was successfully removed in the defueling.
TMI-2hasa possession       onlylicense(POL),and is currentlymaintained        in accordance   withthe NuclearRegulatory      Commission   (NRC)approvedSAFSTOR condition(methodin whicha nuclearfacilityis placedand maintained           in a condition that allowsit to be safelystoredand subsequently     decontaminated)   knownas post-defuelingmonitored    storage(PDMS).GPUNhas maintained           TMI-2in the PDMS statesincethe NRCprovisions      for cleanupweremetand acceptedin 1993.
Additionally, large quantities of radioactive fission products that were released into various systems and structures were removed as part of the waste processing activities during the TMI-2 Clean-up Program. The cleanup to meet the NRC post accident safe storage criteria was completed and accepted by the NRC with TMI-2entering into post-defueling monitored storage in 1993.NUREG-0683, "The Programmatic Environmental lmpact Statement Related to Decontamination and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Resulting from the March 28, 1979 Accident Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2," Supplement 3 (PEIS) discusses the activities performed to achieve the PDMS state at TMI-2.The PEIS evaluates the activities associated with the post-accident cleanup for environmental impact, and addresses the significant amount of decontaminationand waste removal that would normally be part of a decommissioning plan, which were completed to achieve PDMS.
By letterdatedAugust14,2012,GPUNinformedthe NRCof the TMI-2status relativeto the 1996Decommissioning        Rulechangesspecifically  relatedto 10 CFR50.51, "Continuation     of license,"and 10 CFR   50.82,"Termination   of license."
Approximately 99% of the fuel was removed and shipped to the ldaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) under the responsibility ofthe Department of Energy (DOE). The reactor coolant system was decontaminated to the extent practical to reduce radiation levels to as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA). As part of the decontamination effort, waterwas removed to the extent practicalfrom the reactor coolant system and the fuel transfer canal, and the fuel transfer tubes were isolated. Radioactive wastes from the major clean-up activities have been shipped off-site or has been packaged and staged for shipment off-site.
The letterstatedthe intentto submita PSDARthatdescribes          the planned decommissioning     activities,schedule, costestimates, andthe environmental     impacts of TMI-2plantspecificdecommissioning.         By NRCletterdatedFebruary13,2013,the NRCstatedthatSeptember14, 1993is considered           the dateof TMI-2'scessationof operations.
Following the decontamination activities, only the reactor building and a fewareas in the auxiliary and fuel handling buildings continued to have general area radiation levels higher than those of an undamaged reactor facility nearing the end of its operating life.GPUN maintained TMI-2 in the PDMS state while successfully operating TMI-1until AmerGen (a joint venture between Philadelphia Energy Company and British Energy) purchased the operating TMI-1 from GPUN in 1998. The sale of TMI-1 included the Unit 1 buildings, structures, and the majority of the site property;however GPUN maintained ownership of TMI-2. A monitoring agreement between AmerGen and GPUN provides for AmerGen performing certain functions at TMI-2 Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 6 of 25 while TMI-2 is in PDMS on the behalf of GPUN. These functions include maintenance and testing, radiological and environmental controls, security andsafety functions and licensing activities required by the PDMS Technical Specifications and PDMS Final Safety Analysis Report.FirstEnergy acquired GPUN and ownership of TMI-2 in 2001 as part of a larger acquisition of GPU, and continued the monitoring agreement with AmerGen. In December 2003, Exelon acquired sole ownership of TMI-1 . A2004 site-specificcost estimate for decommissioning TMI-2 assumed a delayed DECON scenario, which deferred the decontamination and dismantling activities at TMI-2 until they are synchronized with TMI-1 such that the licenses for both units are terminated concurrently.
ThefollowingPSDARreportis providedin accordance           withthe requirements     in 10 CFR50.82.The PSDARincludes:
This scenario assumed a 1O-year dormancy period for TMI-2, folfowing the TMI-1 original license expiration in 2014, with decommissioning preparation to begin in about 2024. The initial schedule assumed decommissioning operations would begin in about 2026, and would be completedover a 1O-year period with site restoration projected in 2036. Since that time an extension to the TMI-1 operating license has been granted warranting a revision tothe decommissioning schedule for TMI-2.The NRC approved a2}-year extension to the TMI-1 Operating License by letter to Exelon dated October 22,2009. As a result, the TMI-1 Operating License has been extended until April 19,2034. The TMI-2 PSDAR establishes the schedule for the decommissioning of TMI-2 to commence following the expiration of the TMI-1 Operating License on April 19,2034.III. DESCRIPTION OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES The objective of decommissioning TMI-2 is to safely perform all the activities associated with decontamination and dismantlement of the remaining plant systems, components, structures, and facilities in a cost effective manner. The decommissioning plan assumes that TMI-2 is effectively maintained in the current SAFSTOR mode of PDMS until the expiration of the TMI-1 operating license in2034, which could extend through the period of spent fuel removal andstorage from TMI-1. The decontamination and dismantling activities at TMI-2 willthen be synchronized with the adjacent unit such that the licenses for both units are terminated concurrently.
r A description   of the planneddecommissioning    activities, o A schedule   for theiraccomplishment, o A site-specific   decommissioning     costestimateinctuding  the projected costof managingirradiated      fuel,and o A discussion   thatprovidesthe reasonsfor concluding     thatthe environmental    impactsassociated    withsite-specificdecommissioning activities willbe boundedby previously    issuedenvironmental    impact statements.
The decommissioning plan for TMI-2 involves activities to address the highersource term materials to eliminate elements that would contribute to higher worker exposure during activities that are typical of decommissioning an operating plant at the end of plant life.
Dueto the uniquenatureof TMI-2,GPUNhasincluded            a Sectionll, "Background,"   in the PSDARreportto provideinformation      on the design,history, and currentstatusof the ThreeMilelslandNuclearStationUnit2. Sectionslll throughV addressthe 10 CFR50.82requirements            to describeand providea
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 7 of 25 The decommissioning will focus on the use of both ultra high pressure water sprays and mechanical decontamination methods for the removal of the remaining high source term materials.
 
Since the majority of the spent fuel has already been removed from site and transferred to a DOE facility, there is no need to construct an independent spent fuel storage installation (lSFSl) specific to TMI-2. GPUN will explore two options for storage and transfer of the remaining residual fuel and greater than class C (GTCC) waste. First, GPUN will work with the DOE to obtain authorization to transport the remaining fuel andGTCC waste to INEEL, where the majority of TMI-2 spent fuel is currently stored, or to an alternate storage or repository location designated by DOE, if available, by that time. lf DOE storage options are not deemed viable, GPUN will explorean agreement with Exelon to have the remaining TMI-2 fuel and GTCC stored inthe TMI-1 ISFSI until a DOE geological repository becomes operational.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page4 of 25 scheduleand costestimatefor the planneddecommissioning        activities.
Based on the above overall plan, the decommissioning of TMI-2 has been divided into the following periods: o PDMS (SAFSTOR Dormancy). Preparations for Decommissioning o DecommissioningOperations o Non-radiological Restoration of the SiteThe following provides a discussion of the decommissioning plan, the significant activities, and the general sequencing of activities in each of the above periods.The planning required for each decommissioning activity, including the selection process to perform the work, will be completed prior to the start of work for that activity.Period 1: PDMS (SAFSTOR Dormancy)The PDMS condition was established following the accident at TMI-2 to establishan inherently stable and safe condition of the facility such that there was no risk to the public health and safety. The PDMS state has been approved by the NRCand is governed by a PDMS Safety Analysis Report, PDMS Technical Specifications, and PDMS Quality Program.The PDMS Technical Specification requirements to monitor and suruey radiological conditions have been established and maintained since 1993. Sitesecurity is maintained as a contracted service by Exelon that owns and operates TMt-1.
SectionVl  provides the reasonsfor concluding thatthe activities plannedfor the decommissioning   of TMI-2are boundedby previously   issuedenvironmental impactstatements.SectionVll providesa listof referencesusedin the PSDAR.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 8 of 25 As discussed in the TMI-2 PDMS Safety Analysis Report: o There is no credible possibility of nuclear criticality.. Fuel and core debris removed from the reactor vessel and associatedsystems has been shipped offsite.. Any potentialfor significant release of radioactivity has been eliminated.
II. BACKGROUND TMI-2is locatedon the northern-most   sectionof ThreeMilelslandnearthe east shoreof the Susquehanna     Riverin DauphinCounty,Pennsylvania. The station is comprised of two pressurized waterreactors. The TMI Nuclear Station includesthe operatingUnit1, ownedby ExelonGeneration        Company,LLC (Exelon),andthe shutdown     Unit2 ownedby GPUN.
o Water has been removed to the extent practicalfrom the reactorcoolant system and fuel transfer canal, and fuel transfer tubes have been isolated. The treatment and processing of accident generatedwater has been completed.
TMI-2is a non-operational   pressurizedwaterreactorthatwas ratedat a core thermal power levelof 2772megawatt-thermal   witha corresponding   turbine-generatorgrossoutputof 959 megawatt-electric. TMI-2employeda two loop pressurized waterreactornuclearsteamsupplysystemdesignedby Babcock andWilcoxCorporation.     The reactorcoolantsystemis housedwithina steel-lined,post-tensioned   concretestructure(reactorbuilding), in the shapeof a right, verticalcylinderwitha hemispherical   domeand a flat,reinforced   concrete basemat.A weldedsteellinerplate,anchoredto the insidefaceof the reactor building,servesas a leak-tight membrane.
o Radioactive waste from the major cleanup activities has been shippedoff-site or has been packaged for shipment off-site.o Radiation within the facility has been reduced, as necessary,consistent with ALAM principles to levels that will allow necessary plant monitoring activities, the performance of required maintenance, and any necessary inspections.
GPUNwas issuedan operatinglicensefor TMI-2on February8, 1978,with commercial   operation declared on December 30, 1978.On March28, 1979,the unitexperienced  an accidentinitiatedby interruptionof secondary feedwater flow.
The PDMS dormancy period is expected to extend until the end of TMI-1 operating license in 2034, and could extend until completion of the TMI-1 spent fuel removal and storage campaign. In the event that circumstances dictate an earlier shut down of TMI-1, the expected TMI-2 PDMS dormancy period will be reduced, and the PSDAR will be revised to reflect a decommissioning schedule that maintains concurrent decommissioning with TMI-1.
The lackof secondaryfeedwaterresultedin the reductionof primary-to-secondaryheatexchangethatcausedan increasein the reactorcoolant temperature, creatinga surgeintothe pressurizer, andan increasein system pressure.The pressureoperatedreliefvalve(PORV)openedto relievethe pressure,butfailedto closewhenthe pressuredecreased.The reactorcoolant pumpswereturnedoff anda coreheat-upbeganas the reactorcoolantsystem waterinventory  continued to decreaseresultingin a reactorvesselwaterlevel belowthe top of the core. Thisledto a coreheatup thatcausedfueldamage.
Period 2: Preparations for Decommissioning A decommissioning organizational structure and selected staff will be developedto identify roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities for the decommissioning preparations and decommissioning operations.
The majorityof the fuelmaterialtravelleddownthroughthe regionof the southeastern assemblies   and intothe corebypassregion.A portionof thefuel materialpassedaroundthe bypassregionand migrateddownintothe lower internalsand lowerheadregion,butoverallreactorvesselintegrity      was maintained  throughout   the accident.
Preparations include the planning for the removal of the remaining residual fuel, decontamination of the structures, and dismantling the remaining equipment and facilities.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page I of 25 In preparation for actual decommissioning, activities that will be performed include: o Conduct a characterization of the site and the surrounding environs.This includes radiation surveys of the reactor building including basement, elevator block wall area, areas surrounding major components, internal piping, and primary shield cores.. Conduct radiation surveys of the auxiliary and fuel handling buiHings with emphasis on areas with known and potential alpha contamination, and known fission products.. Conduct radiation surveys and sample analysis on exterior buildings, land areas surrounding the facility, subsurface soil and groundwater.
Attachment TMI-13-156 Page5 of 25 As a resultof thisaccident,smallquantities    of coredebrisandfissionproducts weretransported  throughthe reactorcoolantsystemandthe reactorbuilding.In addition,a smallquantityof coredebriswastransported      to the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuildings.Furtherspreadof the debrisalsooccurredas partof the post-accident waterprocessing  cleanupactivities.
o Develop specifications for transport and requirements for highly radioactive waste and hazardous waste.
The quantityof fuel remaining   at TMI-2is a smallfractionof the initialfuel load; approximately   99 percent (%) wassuccessfully    removedin the defueling.
o Develop procedures for occupational exposure control, control and handling of liquid and gaseous effluents, processing of radioactive waste, site security, emergency programs, and industrial safety.Period 3: Decommissioning Operations The actual decommissioning and dismantlement of TMI-2 will occur during the period of decommissioning operations. Significant decommissioning activities to be performed during this period include, but are not limited to, those listed below.
Additionally, largequantities of radioactive fissionproductsthatwerereleasedinto varioussystemsand structureswereremovedas partof the wasteprocessing activitiesduringthe TMI-2Clean-upProgram.The cleanupto meetthe NRCpost accidentsafestoragecriteriawas completedand acceptedby the NRCwithTMI-2 enteringintopost-defueling   monitored storagein 1993.
Some of the activities are unique to the decommissioning of TMI-2, but a numberof these activities may be coordinated with Exelon as they may be needed to support the concurrent decommissioning of TMI-1 .o Construction of temporary facilities or modifications to existing facilitiesto support dismantlement activities.. Design and fabrication of temporary and permanent shielding tosupport removal and transportation activities, construction ofcontamination control envelopes, and the procurement of specialty tooling.o Procurement of shipping containers, cask liners, and industrial packages for packaging.
NUREG-0683,     "TheProgrammatic    Environmental   lmpactStatementRelatedto Decontamination   and Disposalof Radioactive   WastesResulting  fromthe March28, 1979Accident      ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2,"Supplement         3 (PEIS)discusses                 performed the activities           to achievethe PDMSstateat TMI-2.
Attachment TMt-13-156Page 10of25Reconfiguration and modification of site structures and facilities as needed to support decommissioning operations. This may include theupgrading of roads and rail facilities to facilitate hauling and transport.
The PEISevaluates    the activities associated   withthe post-accident cleanupfor environmental   impact,and addresses   the significant amountof decontamination andwasteremovalthatwouldnormallybe partof a decommissioning             plan,which werecompleted    to achievePDMS.
Decontamination of components and structures as required to reduce source term and control (minimize) worker exposure.Inventory, decontamination, and removal of legacy equipmentinventory left over from defueling campaign.Disassembly and segmentation of the remaining reactor vessel internals.
Approximately   99%of the fuelwas removedand shippedto the ldahoNational Engineering   and Environmental   Laboratory (INEEL)underthe responsibility  of the Department   of Energy(DOE).The reactorcoolantsystemwas decontaminated   to the extentpractical to reduceradiationlevelsto as lowas is reasonably   achievable (ALARA).As partof the decontamination     effort,water was removedto the extentpracticalfrom      the reactorcoolantsystemandthe fuel transfercanal,andthe fueltransfertubeswereisolated.Radioactive         wastes fromthe majorclean-upactivities    havebeenshippedoff-siteor has been packagedand stagedfor shipmentoff-site.
Some internals are expected to exceed GTCC requirements.
Following the decontamination           onlythe reactorbuildingand a few activities, areasin the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuildings    continued to havegeneralarea radiationlevelshigherthanthoseof an undamaged         reactorfacilitynearingthe end of its operatinglife.
As such, the segments will be appropriately packaged for disposal.Removal of control rod drive housings and the head service structure from reactor vessel head.Segmentation of the reactor vessel head.Segmentation of the reactor vessel.Removal of the steam generators and pressurizer for material recovery and controlled disposal.Removal of the free standing concrete and other internal structures inthe reactor building including:
GPUNmaintained      TMI-2in the PDMSstatewhilesuccessfully      operating TMI-1 untilAmerGen(a jointventurebetweenPhiladelphia        EnergyCompanyand British Energy)purchased     theoperating  TMI-1fromGPUNin 1998.Thesaleof TMI-1 includedthe Unit1 buildings,   structures,andthe majorityof the siteproperty; howeverGPUNmaintained        ownership of TMI-2.A monitoring   agreement   between AmerGenand GPUNprovidesfor AmerGenperforming              certainfunctionsat TMI-2
polar crane, biological shield, D-rings, floors. etc.A license termination plan (LTP), in accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(aXg), will be prepared at least two years prior to the anticipated date of license termination.The LTP will include a site characterization, description of remaining dismantling activities, plans for site remediation, updated cost estimate to complete the decommissioning, any associated environmental concerns, designation of theend use of the site, and the procedures for the final radiation survey. The LTP will be developed following the guidance contained in Regulatory Guide 1.179,"Standard Format and Content of License Termination Plans for Nuclear Power Reactors." As described in Regulatory Guide 1.179, the LTP will use the guidance contained in NUREG-1575, "Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site lnvestigation Manual (MARSSIM)" to develop the final radiological survey planand survey methods. The use of MARSSIM to develop the final radiological survey plan and survey methods will demonstrate compliance with the requirements 10 CFR 20, Subpart E, "Radiological Criteria for License Termination." Once the LTP is approved, the final remediation of the site Attachment TMt-13-156Page 11 of25 facilities and services can commence. These activities include, but are not limited to: Removal of remaining plant systems and components as they become nonessential to the decommissioning program, or worker health and safety (for example, waste collection and processing systems, electrical power and ventilation systems).
 
Removal of contaminated yard piping and any contaminated soil.Remediation and removal of the contaminated equipment and material from the auxiliary and fuel buibings, and any other contaminated facility.Use of the NUREG-1575 guidance ensures that the surveys are conducted in a manner that provides a high degree of confidence that applicable NRC criteria are satisfied.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page6 of 25 whileTMI-2is in PDMSon the behalfof GPUN.Thesefunctions          include maintenance   andtesting,radiological andenvironmental    controls,securityand safetyfunctionsand licensingactivities requiredby the PDMSTechnical Specifications and PDMSFinalSafetyAnalysisReport.
Once the final survey is complete, the results are provided to theNRC. The NRC willterminate the license if it determines that site remediationhas been performed in accordance with the LTP, and that the terminal radiation survey and associated documentation demonstrate that the facility is suitable for release.Period 4 - Site Restoration Following completion of decommissioning operations, site restoration activities will begin. Site restoration will involve the dismantling and disposal of any remaining non-radiological structures.
FirstEnergy acquiredGPUNandownership        of TMI-2in 2001as partof a larger acquisitionof GPU,and continued   the monitoring agreement   withAmerGen.In December   2003,Exelonacquiredsoleownership      of TMI-1. A2004site-specific costestimatefor decommissioning     TMI-2assumeda delayedDECONscenario, whichdeferredthe decontamination     anddismantling  activitiesat TMI-2untilthey are synchronized withTMI-1suchthatthe licensesfor bothunitsareterminated concurrently. Thisscenarioassumeda 1O-year       dormancyperiodfor TMI-2, folfowingthe TMI-1originallicenseexpiration  in 2014,withdecommissioning preparation to beginin about2024.The initialscheduleassumed decommissioning   operations wouldbeginin about2026,andwouldbe completed overa 1O-year periodwithsiterestoration  projectedin 2036. Sincethattimean extension to the TMI-1operatinglicensehasbeengrantedwarranting          a revisionto the decommissioning   schedule for TMI-2.
Restored areas of the site will be backfilled, graded and landscaped to support vegetation for erosion control.IV. SCHEDULE OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES The decommissioning plan for TMI-2 can be characterized as a delayed DECON approach.
The NRCapproveda2}-yearextension        to the TMI-1OperatingLicenseby letterto ExelondatedOctober22,2009. As a result,the TMI-1OperatingLicensehasbeen extendeduntilApril 19,2034.TheTMI-2PSDARestablishes          the schedulefor the decommissioning   of TMI-2to commence   followingthe expiration of the TMI-1 OperatingLicenseon April 19,2034.
The schedule for decommissioning of TMI-2 is based on the assumption that TMI-2 will be decommissioned with TMI-1 to achieve economiesof scale, by sharing costs between units, and coordinating the sequence of work activities.The high level schedule for decommissioning of TMI-2 assumes that the PDMS SAFSTOR dormancy period will extend past the TMI-1 shutdown date to allowfor TMI-1 ISFSI construction and spent fuel removal and storage. Prior to completion of the TMI-1 ISFSI program, the preparation for TMI-2 decommissioning will begin.
III. DESCRIPTION     OF DECOMMISSIONING       ACTIVITIES The objectiveof decommissioning   TMI-2is to safelyperformall the activities associated withdecontamination  anddismantlement    of the remaining   plant systems,components,   structures,andfacilitiesin a costeffectivemanner.The decommissioning   planassumesthatTMI-2is effectively     maintained   in the currentSAFSTORmodeof PDMSuntilthe expiration         of the TMI-1operating licensein2034,whichcouldextendthroughthe periodof spentfuelremovaland storagefromTMI-1.The decontamination       anddismantling  activities at TMI-2will thenbe synchronized   withthe adjacentunitsuchthatthe licensesfor bothunits are terminated concurrently.
As decommissioning approaches, schedule variations to account for availability of waste disposal facilities and coordination Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 12of25with Exelon and vendors will be incorporated. lt is not expected that these variations will impact the overall completion schedule.
The decommissioning   planfor TMI-2involvesactivities to addressthe higher sourcetermmaterials  to eliminateelementsthatwouldcontribute      to higher workerexposureduringactivities  thataretypicalof decommissioning       an operatingplantat the end of plantlife.
The schedule for decommissioning of TMI-2 has been developed in order to achieve the termination of license by September 14,2053. This termination date ensures compliance with the NRC requirement to complete decommissioning 60 years from certificate of cessation to operate as defined in 10 CFR 50.82(aX3).In the event of any unforeseen circumstances that should warrant a request thatTMI-2 license termination be allowed beyond September 14,2053, GPUN will notify the NRC to request consideration of an exemption to the 60-year requirement as defined in 10 CFR 50.82(aX3).
 
As noted in letter from the NRCto GPUN dated February 13,2013, the equivalent to the certificate of cessation of operations was determined to be the NRC's issuance of TMI-2 License Amendment 45, converting the TMI-2 operating license to a possessiononly license.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page7 of 25 The decommissioning   willfocuson the useof bothultrahighpressurewater spraysand mechanical   decontamination   methodsfor the removalof the remaininghighsourcetermmaterials.Sincethe majorityof the spentfuel has alreadybeenremovedfrom site andtransferredto a DOEfacility,thereis no needto constructan independent spentfuelstorageinstallation    (lSFSl)specific to TMI-2. GPUNwillexploretwo optionsfor storageandtransferof the remainingresidualfuelandgreaterthanclassC (GTCC)waste. First,GPUNwill workwiththe DOEto obtainauthorization    to transportthe remaining fueland GTCCwasteto INEEL,wherethe majorityof TMI-2spentfuel is currentlystored, or to an alternatestorageor repository locationdesignated  by DOE,if available, by thattime. lf DOEstorageoptionsare notdeemedviable,GPUNwillexplore an agreement   with Exelonto havethe remaining   TMI-2fueland GTCCstoredin the TMI-1ISFSIuntila DOEgeological      repositorybecomesoperational.
This amendment was granted on September 14,1993 and establishes that date as the date that TMI-2 is considered to have submitted certification of permanent cessation of operations.
Basedon the aboveoverallplan,the decommissioning       of TMI-2hasbeen dividedintothe followingperiods:
Upon receipt of NRC termination of license, site restoration activities will commence. lt is estimated that the site restoration will take approximately one year to complete thereby rendering the Three Mile lsland site restored to greenfield status in 2054.Major milestones established for decommissioning of TMI-2 are listed in the table below.MAJOR DECOMMISSION ING ACTIVITYTMI-2 PDMS SAFSTOR Dormancy TMI-1 Shutdown TMI-2 Decommissioning Preparation TM l-2 Decommissioning Operations TMI-2 Site Restoration DATES 1993 - 2043 April 1 9,2034 2043 -2044 2044 -2053 2053 - 2054 V. ESTIMATED COSTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIESIn February 1996, TLG Services, Inc.
o PDMS(SAFSTORDormancy)
completed the first TMI-2 site-specific decommissioning cost estimate that was developed for GPUN. That analysis was first updated in 2004 and has been further refined to reflect current assumptions pertaining to disposition of the nuclear unit and relevant industryexperience in undertaking decommissioning projects.The decommissioning activities for TMI-2 are a continuation of the decontaminationefforts started in the 1980s. The cost estimate recognizes the present state of TMI-2 decontamination, contingency for unknown or uncertain conditions, the availability of Attachment TMI-13-156Page 13of25 low and high level radioactive waste disposal sites, and site remediation requirements. The methodology used to develop the cost estimate follows the basic approach developed by the Atomic Industrial Forum (now the Nuclear Energy Institute) in AIF/NESP-036, "Guidelines for Producing Commercial Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning Cost Estimates." The method uses a unit cost factorapproach, including application of work difficulty adjustment factors to develop decommissioning activity costs, and incorporates local information related to labor rates, as well as latest available industry experience.
      . Preparationsfor Decommissioning o DecommissioningOperations o Non-radiological Restoration of the Site Thefollowingprovidesa discussion   of the decommissioning   plan,the significant andthe generalsequencing activities,                         of activities in eachof the aboveperiods.
The unit factor method provides a demonstrable basis for establishing reliable cost estimates. The detail provided in the unit factors, including activity duration, labor costs (by craft), and equipment and consumable costs, ensures that essential elements have not been omitted.The estimate presented herein is based upon the most recent update to the site specific cost estimate completed by TLG Services in January 2009, and provided to the NRC as part of the 10 CFR 50.75(0(1), "Reporting and record keeping for decornmissioning planning," submittal on March 29,2010 (Accession No. ML 1 00960464).Consistent with a signed memorandum of understanding between FirstEnergy Corp. (parent of GPUN) and Exelon regarding the timing of decommissioning activities at TMI-2, it is assumed that decommissioning at TMI-2 will not begin untilthe expiration of the TMI-1 operating license in 2034 and will be coordinated with post-shutdown activities for TMI-1 . For the purpose of this cost estimate the integration of site security and the final site radiological survey between the twounits is assumed.There are a number of considerations that affect the method for decommissioningthe TMI-2 site and the degree of restoration required.
The planningrequiredfor eachdecommissioning      activity,including the selection processto performthe work,will be completedpriorto the startof workfor that activity.
The cost estimate includesthe considerations identified below.The majority of the fuel was removed during the TMI-2 Cleanup Program's reactor vessel defueling effort that concluded in January 1990. Title to this fuel was transferred to the Department of Energy (DOE). The remainder of the fuel (about 1%) is dispersed within the primary system and to a lesser extent in other systems and structures. This residual materialwill be removed as radioactive waste. Therefore, the cost of managing irradiated fuel is not reflected within the estimates to decommission the TMI-2 site.It is expected that there will be some wastes, (GTCC waste) generated in the decommissioning of TMI-2 that are not suitable for shallow land burial and therefore cannot be shipped for disposal until a high level waste repository is made available by DOE. Although the material is not classified as high-level Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 14of25 waste, the DOE has indicated they will accept this waste for disposal at the future high-level waste repository. However, the DOE has not developed an acceptance criteria or disposition schedule for this material, and numerous questions remain as to the ultimate disposal cost and waste form requirements.
Period1: PDMS(SAFSTORDormancy)
For purposes of the cost estimate, it is assumed that GTCC waste will be packaged and disposed of as high-level waste, at a cost of
The PDMScondition    was establishedfollowingthe accidentat TMI-2to establish an inherently stableandsafeconditionof the facilitysuchthattherewas no risk to the publichealthandsafety.The PDMSstatehasbeenapprovedby the NRC and is governedby a PDMSSafetyAnalysisReport,PDMSTechnical Specifications,and PDMSQualityProgram.
$25,000 per cubic foot (in 2008 dollars). lt is also assumed that the DOE will accept the GTCC material in a timely manner so as not to affect the TMI-2 decommissioning schedule. No additional costs are included for the temporary storage of GTCC material.The decommissioning cost estimate for TMI-2 has been summarized in Table 1.The values for the table came from the site specific cost estimate completed by TLG Services in January 2009. The values in the estimate were presented in 2008 dollars. These values were escalated to 2012 dollars by using an escafation factor of 2.81 percentl.This PSDAR will not be updated for minor changes in anticipated decommissioning costs. However, the status of TMI-2 decommissioning funding will continue to be reported to the NRC in accordance with 10 CFR 50.75(0(1) and 10 CFR 50.82(aX8Xv). This report will include , at a minimum, the assumptions used in the rates of escalation of decommissioning costs and rates of earnings used in funding projections. Additionally, GPUN, in accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7), will inform the NRC in writing (with a copy sent to Pennsylvania), before performing any decommissioning activity inconsistent with or making any significant schedule change from those actions and schedules described in the PSDAR, including changes that significantly increase the decommissioning cost.GPUN will also include an updated site specific estimate of remaining decommissioning costs in the license termination plan in accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(9XiiXF).
The PDMSTechnicalSpecification    requirements   to monitorandsuruey radiologicalconditionshavebeenestablished      and maintained since1993. Site securityis maintainedas a contractedserviceby Exelon     that owns and operates TMt-1.
The annual 10 CFR 50.75(fX1) reports continue to demonstrate that the current fund balances are more than adequate to cover the expected future cost of decommissioning. In the event that future estimated costs or funding levels change significantly, GPUN will make the necessary adjustments to ensure that sufficient funds remain available for decommissioning.
 
t Table 1 of TLG Services, Inc.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page8 of 25 As discussedin the TMI-2PDMSSafetyAnalysisReport:
Report, "Financial Escalation Analysis for the Decommissioning of Three Mile lsland, Unit 2," dated May 2009 Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 15of25 TABLE 1TMI-2 DECOMMISSIONING COST  
o Thereis no crediblepossibility  of nuclearcriticality.
        . Fueland coredebrisremovedfromthe reactorvesseland associated systemshas beenshippedoffsite.
        . Any potentialforsignificant  releaseof radioactivity has been eliminated.
o Waterhas beenremovedto the extentpracticalfromthe reactor coolantsystemandfueltransfercanal,andfueltransfertubeshave beenisolated.Thetreatmentand processing         of accidentgenerated waterhasbeencompleted.
o Radioactive   wastefromthe majorcleanupactivities      has beenshipped off-siteor has beenpackagedfor shipmentoff-site.
o Radiation   withinthe facilityhasbeenreduced,as necessary, consistent withALAM principles     to levelsthatwillallownecessary plantmonitoring  activities,the performance of requiredmaintenance, and any necessary   inspections.
The PDMSdormancyperiodis expectedto extenduntilthe end of TMI-1 operatinglicensein 2034,andcouldextenduntilcompletion          of the TMI-1spent fuel removalandstoragecampaign.In the eventthatcircumstances            dictatean earliershutdownof TMI-1,the expectedTMI-2PDMSdormancy              period willbe reduced,andthe PSDARwill be revisedto reflecta decommissioning           schedule thatmaintains  concurrent decommissioning   withTMI-1.
Period2: Preparations   for Decommissioning A decommissioning     organizationalstructureand selectedstaffwill be developed to identifyroles,responsibilities,and accountabilities for the decommissioning preparations and decommissioning   operations.
Preparations includethe planningfor the removalof the remaining     residualfuel, decontamination   of the structures,anddismantling  the remaining equipment and facilities.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 PageI of 25 In preparationfor actualdecommissioning,   activitiesthatwill be performed include:
o Conducta characterization   of the siteandthe surrounding     environs.
Thisincludesradiation  surveysof the reactorbuildingincluding basement, elevatorblockwallarea,areassurrounding        major components, internalpiping,and primaryshieldcores.
      . Conductradiationsurveysof the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuiHings withemphasison areaswithknownand potentialalphacontamination, and knownfissionproducts.
      . Conductradiation  surveysandsampleanalysison exteriorbuildings, landareassurrounding    the facility,subsurface soilandgroundwater.
o Developspecifications  for transportand requirements     for highly radioactivewasteandhazardouswaste.
o Developprocedures    for occupational exposurecontrol,controland handlingof liquidandgaseouseffluents,     processing   of radioactive waste,sitesecurity,emergency     programs,   and industrial safety.
Period3: Decommissioning   Operations The actualdecommissioning    anddismantlement    of TMI-2willoccurduringthe periodof decommissioning   operations.Significant decommissioning             to activities be performed duringthisperiodinclude,butare not limitedto, thoselistedbelow.
Someof the activitiesare uniqueto the decommissioning     of TMI-2,but a number of theseactivitiesmay be coordinated   with Exelonas they may be neededto supportthe concurrent decommissioning   of TMI-1.
o Construction of temporary facilitiesor modifications to existingfacilities to supportdismantlement    activities.
      . Designandfabrication  of temporary   and permanent   shielding to supportremovalandtransportation                construction activities,             of contamination  controlenvelopes,   andthe procurement     of specialty tooling.
o Procurement   of shippingcontainers,   caskliners,and industrial packagesfor packaging.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page10of25 Reconfiguration  and modification of site structuresand facilitiesas neededto supportdecommissioning        operations.Thismay includethe upgrading  of roadsand railfacilities to facilitatehaulingandtransport.
Decontamination   of components andstructures    as requiredto reduce sourcetermandcontrol(minimize)       workerexposure.
Inventory, decontamination, and removalof legacyequipment inventoryleftoverfromdefuelingcampaign.
Disassembly   and segmentation   of the remaining   reactorvessel internals.Someinternals    are expectedto exceedGTCCrequirements.
As such,the segmentswill be appropriately       packagedfor disposal.
Removalof controlroddrivehousingsandthe headservice structurefrom reactorvesselhead.
Segmentation   of the reactorvesselhead.
Segmentation   of the reactorvessel.
Removalof the steamgeneratorsand pressurizer         for material recoveryand controlled   disposal.
Removalof the free standingconcreteand otherinternalstructuresin the reactorbuilding  including:polarcrane,biological   shield,D-rings, floors.etc.
A licensetermination  plan(LTP),in accordance     with10 CFR50.82(aXg),       willbe preparedat leasttwo yearspriorto the anticipated     dateof licensetermination.
The LTPwill includea sitecharacterization,   description of remaining   dismantling plansfor siteremediation, activities,                         updatedcostestimateto completethe decommissioning,   anyassociated  environmental   concerns, designation   of the end useof the site,andthe procedures   for the finalradiation  survey.The LTP willbe developed following theguidance  contained   in Regulatory Guide1.179, "StandardFormatandContentof LicenseTermination            Plansfor NuclearPower Reactors."As describedin Regulatory     Guide1.179,the LTPwill usethe guidancecontainedin NUREG-1575,       "Multi-Agency   Radiation Surveyand Site lnvestigationManual(MARSSIM)"     to developthe finalradiological    surveyplan and surveymethods.The useof MARSSIMto developthe finalradiological surveyplanandsurveymethodswilldemonstrate            compliance   withthe requirements 10 CFR20, SubpartE, "Radiological       Criteriafor License Termination."                 is Oncethe LTP approved,       the final remediation   of the site
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page11 of25 facilitiesandservicescan commence.Theseactivities          include,but are not limitedto:
Removalof remaining     plantsystemsandcomponents          as theybecome nonessential to the decommissioning     program,or workerhealthand safety(forexample,wastecollection      and processing   systems, electricalpowerandventilation    systems).
Removalof contaminated     yardpipingandanycontaminated          soil.
Remediation   and removalof the contaminated       equipment   and material fromthe auxiliaryandfuelbuibings,and anyothercontaminated facility.
Useof the NUREG-1575       guidanceensuresthatthe surveysare conductedin a mannerthatprovidesa highdegreeof confidence           thatapplicable  NRCcriteria are satisfied.Oncethe finalsurveyis complete,        the resultsare providedto the NRC. The NRCwillterminate        the licenseif it determines   thatsiteremediation has beenperformed    in accordance   withthe LTP,andthatthe terminalradiation surveyand associated     documentation   demonstrate   thatthe facilityis suitablefor release.
Period4 - Site Restoration Following completion   of decommissioning   operations,   siterestoration  activities willbegin. Siterestoration  willinvolvethe dismantling   anddisposalof any remaining   non-radiological structures.Restoredareasof the sitewill be backfilled, gradedand landscaped     to supportvegetation    for erosioncontrol.
IV. SCHEDULE       OF DECOMMISSIONING         ACTIVITIES The decommissioning     planfor TMI-2can be characterized       as a delayedDECON approach.The schedulefor decommissioning           of TMI-2 is based on the assumption   thatTMI-2will be decommissioned       withTMI-1to achieveeconomies of scale,by sharingcostsbetweenunits,andcoordinating            the sequenceof work activities.
The highlevelschedulefor decommissioning         of TMI-2assumesthatthe PDMS SAFSTORdormancyperiodwillextendpastthe TMI-1shutdowndateto allow for TMI-1ISFSIconstruction    andspentfuelremovalandstorage.Priorto completion   of the TMI-1ISFSIprogram,the preparation       for TMI-2 decommissioning     willbegin.As decommissioning       approaches,   schedule variations to accountfor availability of wastedisposalfacilitiesand coordination
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page12of25 withExelonandvendorswill be incorporated.         lt is notexpectedthatthese variations will impactthe overallcompletion    schedule.
The schedulefor decommissioning      of TMI-2has beendevelopedin orderto achievethe termination   of licenseby September14,2053.Thistermination            date ensurescompliance    withthe NRCrequirement        to completedecommissioning      60 yearsfrom certificateof cessationto operateas definedin 10 CFR 50.82(aX3).
In the eventof any unforeseen     circumstances   thatshouldwarranta requestthat TMI-2licensetermination    be allowedbeyondSeptember14,2053,GPUNwill notifythe NRCto requestconsideration        of an exemption   to the 60-year requirement   as definedin 10 CFR50.82(aX3).       As notedin letterfromthe NRC to GPUNdatedFebruary13,2013,the equivalent             to the certificateof cessationof operations   was determined     to be the NRC'sissuanceof TMI-2 LicenseAmendment      45, converting   the TMI-2operatinglicenseto a possession onlylicense.Thisamendment        wasgrantedon September         14,1993and establishes thatdateas the datethatTMI-2is considered         to havesubmitted certification of permanent cessation   of operations.Uponreceiptof NRC termination of license,siterestoration  activities willcommence.lt is estimated that the site restorationwill take approximately   one yearto completethereby rendering the ThreeMilelslandsiterestoredto greenfield         statusin 2054.
Majormilestones    established for decommissioning     of TMI-2are listedin the table below.
MAJORDECOMMISSION            INGACTIVITY                        DATES TMI-2PDMSSAFSTORDormancy                                    1993- 2043 TMI-1Shutdown                                                April19,2034 TMI-2Decommissioning      Preparation                       2043-2044 TMl-2 Decommissioning     Operations                       2044-2053 TMI-2SiteRestoration                                        2053- 2054 V. ESTIMATED       COSTSOF DECOMMISSIONING               ACTIVITIES In February1996,TLG Services,Inc.completed           the firstTMI-2site-specific decommissioning     costestimatethatwas developed         for GPUN.Thatanalysis was first updatedin 2004and has beenfurtherrefinedto reflectcurrent assumptions   pertainingto disposition of the nuclearunitand relevantindustry experience  in undertaking decommissioning     projects.
The decommissioning   activities for TMI-2area continuation       of the decontamination effortsstartedin the 1980s.The costestimaterecognizesthe presentstateof TMI-2 decontamination,   contingency   for unknownor uncertain     conditions,               of the availability
 
Attachment TMI-13-156 Page13of25 lowand highlevelradioactive    wastedisposalsites,andsiteremediation requirements. The methodology   usedto developthe costestimatefollowsthe basic approachdevelopedby the AtomicIndustrial      Forum(nowthe NuclearEnergy Institute)in AIF/NESP-036,   "Guidelinesfor Producing Commercial NuclearPower PlantDecommissioning      CostEstimates." The methodusesa unitcostfactor approach,including   applicationof workdifficulty adjustment factorsto develop decommissioning   activitycosts,and incorporates   localinformationrelatedto labor rates,as wellas latestavailableindustryexperience.The unitfactormethod providesa demonstrable     basisfor establishing reliablecostestimates.Thedetail providedin the unitfactors,including   activityduration,laborcosts(bycraft),and equipment   and consumable     costs,ensuresthatessentialelementshavenot been omitted.
The estimatepresentedhereinis baseduponthe mostrecentupdateto the site specificcostestimatecompletedby TLG Servicesin January2009,and provided to the NRCas partof the 10 CFR50.75(0(1),       "Reporting and recordkeepingfor decornmissioning   planning," submittalon March29,2010(Accession       No.ML100960464).
Consistent witha signedmemorandum      of understanding   betweenFirstEnergy Corp.(parentof GPUN)and Exelonregarding          the timingof decommissioning activitiesat TMI-2,it is assumedthatdecommissioning      at TMI-2will not beginuntil the expiration of the TMI-1operatinglicensein 2034andwill be coordinated       with post-shutdown   activitiesfor TMI-1. Forthe purposeof thiscostestimatethe integration of sitesecurityandthe finalsiteradiological  surveybetweenthe two unitsis assumed.
Therearea numberof considerations       thataffectthe methodfor decommissioning the TMI-2siteandthe degreeof restoration     required.The costestimateincludes the considerations identified below.
The majorityof the fuelwas removedduringthe TMI-2CleanupProgram's reactorvesseldefuelingeffortthatconcluded      in January1990.Titleto thisfuel was transferred to the Department of Energy (DOE). The remainder of the fuel (about1%)is dispersed     withinthe primarysystemandto a lesserextentin other systemsandstructures.Thisresidualmaterialwillbe removedas radioactive waste. Therefore,the costof managingirradiatedfuel is not reflectedwithinthe estimates to decommission   the TMI-2site.
It is expectedthat therewill be somewastes,(GTCCwaste)generatedin the decommissioning   of TMI-2thatare notsuitablefor shallowlandburialand thereforecannotbe shippedfor disposaluntila highlevelwasterepository        is madeavailableby DOE. Althoughthe materialis notclassified        as high-level
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page14of25 waste,the DOEhasindicated      theywillacceptthiswastefor disposalat the future high-level wasterepository.However,       the DOEhasnotdeveloped      an acceptance criteriaor disposition   schedulefor thismaterial,and numerous questionsremainas to the ultimatedisposalcostandwasteformrequirements.
Forpurposesof the costestimate,it is assumedthatGTCCwastewill be packagedanddisposedof as high-level         waste,at a costof $25,000per cubic foot (in 2008dollars).lt is alsoassumedthatthe DOEwillacceptthe GTCC materialin a timelymannerso as notto affectthe TMI-2decommissioning schedule.No additional   costsare includedfor the temporary     storageof GTCC material.
The decommissioning     costestimatefor TMI-2has beensummarized          in Table1.
The valuesfor the tablecamefromthe sitespecificcostestimatecompletedby TLG Servicesin January2009. Thevaluesin the estimatewerepresented              in 2008dollars.Thesevalueswereescalated            to 2012dollarsby usingan escafation factorof 2.81percentl.
ThisPSDARwill not be updatedfor minorchangesin anticipated decommissioning     costs. However,   the statusof TMI-2decommissioning      funding willcontinueto be reportedto the NRCin accordance         with 10 CFR50.75(0(1)   and 10 CFR50.82(aX8Xv).     Thisreportwillinclude    , at a minimum, the assumptions usedin the ratesof escalation   of decommissioning     costsand ratesof earnings usedin fundingprojections. Additionally,   GPUN,in accordance   with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7), will informthe NRCin writing(witha copysentto Pennsylvania),
beforeperforming    anydecommissioning      activityinconsistentwithor makingany significantschedulechangefromthoseactionsand schedules             describedin the PSDAR,including     changesthatsignificantly    increasethe decommissioning     cost.
GPUNwillalsoincludean updatedsitespecificestimateof remaining decommissioning     costsin the licensetermination    planin accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(9XiiXF). The annual10 CFR50.75(fX1)         reportscontinueto demonstrate thatthe currentfundbalancesare morethanadequateto coverthe expected futurecostof decommissioning.       In the eventthatfutureestimated    costsor funding levelschangesignificantly,   GPUNwill makethe necessary         adjustments to ensure thatsufficientfundsremainavailable      for decommissioning.
t Table1 of TLG Services,Inc.Report,"Financial         EscalationAnalysisfor the Decommissioning     of ThreeMilelsland,Unit2,"datedMay2009
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page15of25 TABLE1 TMI-2DECOMMISSIONING          COST


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
1 (Thousands based on 2012 dollars)Decontamination Removal Packaging Transportation, Off-site Waste Processing, and Disposal Program ManagementMiscellaneous Equipment lnsurance and Regulatory Fees
1 (Thousands     basedon 2012dollars)
$ 35,279$ 167,051$ 19,252$ 228,125$ 415,198$ 25,885$ 19,963 Other Decommissioninq Costs
Decontamination                                         $ 35,279 Removal                                                  $ 167,051 Packaging                                                $ 19,252 Transportation,Off-siteWaste Processing, and Disposal                                          $ 228,125 ProgramManagement                                        $ 415,198 Miscellaneous    Equipment                              $ 25,885 lnsuranceand RegulatoryFees                              $ 19,963 OtherDecommissioninqCosts                                $ 33.175 Total DecommissioningCosts                              $ 943,927 Note1 - Columndoesnotadddueto mathematical    roundingperformedduringthe development of thecalculation VI. ENVIRONMENTAL         IMPACTS     OF DECOMMISSIONING       ACTIVITIES 10 CFR 50.82(4()(i)requiresthatthe PSDARinclude"a discussion           thatprovides the reasons   for concluding thatthe environmental impacts associated withthe site-specificdecommissioning      activitieswillbe boundedby appropriate previously issued environmental    impactstatements    ..." The potentialenvironmental impacts associated  withthe proposeddecommissioning                for TMI-2werecompared activities withsimilarimpactsgivenin the PEISrelatedto post-accident       cleanupactivities resulting fromthe March28,1979accident;andwith NUREG-0586,             "Generic Environmental    lmpactStatement    on Decommissioning   of NuclearPower Facilities,"datedAugust1988andSupplement          1,Volumes1 and2, dated November2OOZ      (collectively knownas GEIS)on decommissioning     and radiological criteriafor licensetermination.Thefollowingdiscussion      provides the comparison.
$ 33.175 Total Decommissioning Costs
PEIS The PEISidentified    thatthe post-accident   cleanupactivitiescan be categorized intofourfundamental    activities:
$ 943,927 Note 1 - Column does not add due to mathematical rounding performed during the development of the calculation VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 10 CFR 50.82(4()(i) requires that the PSDAR include "a discussion that provides the reasons for concluding that the environmental impacts associated with the site-specific decommissioning activities will be bounded by appropriate previously issuedenvironmental impact statements ..." The potential environmental impactsassociated with the proposed decommissioning activities for TMI-2 were compared with similar impacts given in the PEIS related to post-accident cleanup activities resulting from the March 28,1979 accident; and with NUREG-0586, "GenericEnvironmental lmpact Statement on Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities," dated August 1988 and Supplement 1, Volumes 1 and 2, dated November 2OOZ (collectively known as GEIS) on decommissioning and radiologicalcriteria for license termination. The following discussion provides the comparison.
1 . Building andequipment    decontamination, 2 . Fuelremovalandthe reactorcoolantsystemdecontamination, 3 . Treatmentof radioactive     liquids,and 4 . Packaging,   handling, shipment, anddisposalof radioactive wastes
PEIS The PEIS identified that the post-accident cleanup activities can be categorized into four fundamental activities:
 
Building and equipment decontamination, Fuel removal and the reactor coolant system decontamination,Treatment of radioactive liquids, and Packaging, handling, shipment, and disposal of radioactive wastes 1.2.3.4.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page16of25 Theseactivities wereusedin the evaluation     of the alternativesto GPUN's proposedactionof delayeddecommissioning.         As describedin the PEIS,the NRCevaluatedsevenalternatives        relativeto delayeddecommissioning.     The NRCconcluded    (exceptfor the no actionalternative,   whichwas not considered acceptable) thatno alternative wasfoundto be superiorto GPUN'sproposal froman environmental   impactperspective.
Attachment TMt-13-156Page 16of25 These activities were used in the evaluation of the alternatives to GPUN's proposed action of delayed decommissioning. As described in the PEIS, the NRC evaluated seven alternatives relative to delayed decommissioning.
Of the sevenalternatives  evaluatedin the PEIS(exceptfor the no action alternative)as wellas the proposedGPUN'sdelayeddecommissioning            plan,the NRCconcluded    thateachalternative                          in couldbe conducted conformance         with applicable regulatory requirements   and implemented   withoutsignificant impactto the humanenvironment.Hence,it is reasonable         to conclude that the activities described for the TMI-2decommissioning      will be accomplished   with no adverse environmental  impactsbaseduponthe following:
The NRC concluded (except for the no action alternative, which was not considered acceptable) that no alternative was found to be superior to GPUN's proposalfrom an environmental impact perspective.Of the seven alternatives evaluated in the PEIS (except for the no action alternative) as well as the proposed GPUN's delayed decommissioning plan, the NRC concluded that each alternative could be conducted in conformance withapplicable regulatory requirements and implemented without significant impact tothe human environment. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that the activitiesdescribed for the TMI-2 decommissioning will be accomplished with no adverseenvironmental impacts based upon the following:. The activities to be performed for decommissioning are equivalent to the activities performed during the post-accident cleanup evaluated in the PEIS,. The radiation controltechniques and decontamination methods since the post TMI-2 accident cleanup have improved, o No site-specific activities pertaining to TMI-2 decommissioning wouldalter the conclusions of the PEIS,. Radiation dose to the public will be minimal, and o Radiation dose to decommissioning workers will be maintained ALAM according to 10 CFR Part 20.As noted in the PEIS, the outcome of completing the clean-up activities at TMI-2 would result in many areas decontaminated to the point where general area dose rates approximate those in an undamaged reactor facility nearing the end of itsoperating life.
      . The activities to be performed for decommissioning   areequivalent  to the activities performed   duringthe post-accident   cleanupevaluatedin the PEIS,
GEISThe remaining decommissioning activities for the delayed decommissioning of TMI-2 can be compared to the activities evaluated in the GEIS.As a general matter, TMI-2 is smaller than the reference PWR used in NUREG-0586 to evaluate the environmental impacts of decommissioning, and is likewisesmaller than a number of PWRs that were evaluated in NUREG-0586,Supplement 1.
      . The radiationcontroltechniques      anddecontamination    methodssince the postTMI-2accidentcleanuphaveimproved, o No site-specific   activitiespertaining to TMI-2decommissioning    would alterthe conclusions   of the PEIS,
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 17 of25 Decommissioning activities are identified in Appendix E of NUREG-0586, Supplement 1. No activities planned for TMI-2 deviate from the activities listed in terms of environmental impact. A deviation exists in terms of the variables associated with transuranic fuel and higher source terms.
      . Radiation   doseto the publicwillbe minimal,     and o Radiation   doseto decommissioning       workerswill be maintained   ALAM according   to 10 CFRPart20.
However, these variables are addressed through controlled decontamination and dismantlement,and following NRC regulations associated with dose. So long as decontamination and dismantlement are performed within the guidelines of the regulations regarding release of effluents, occupational dose, and offsite dose;and GTCC waste is contained in approved shipping containers; the decommissioning activities at TMI-2 are directly comparable to the activities evaluated in the GEIS.NUREG-0586, Supplement 1, Section 4.3, "Environmental lmpacts from Nuclear Power Facility Decommissioning," provides a listing of 18 issues pertinent to the decommissioning of a reactor. A discussion of these issues follows.1. Onsite/Offsite Land Use The GEIS concluded that the impacts on land use are not detectable or smallfor facilities having only onsite land-use changes as a result of large component removal, structure dismantlement, and low level waste packaging and storage.There are no anticipated changes in land use beyond the site boundary during decommissioning.
As notedin the PEIS,the outcomeof completing       the clean-upactivities at TMI-2 wouldresultin manyareasdecontaminated          to the pointwheregeneralareadose ratesapproximate  thosein an undamaged     reactorfacilitynearingthe end of its operatinglife.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the impacts on land use are bounded by the GEIS.2. Water Use Since the shutdown of TMI-2 and the entry into the PDMS state, the demand for potable water has decreased significantly below the demand during operation.
GEIS The remaining decommissioning             for the delayeddecommissioning activities                                  of TMI-2can be compared                     evaluatedin the GEIS.
The operational demand for cooling water, makeup water, and service water hasceased. The demand for water needed to conduct plant decommissioning activities (flushing piping, hydro-lasing, dust abatement, etc.) will be less than the demand for water supply during operation. Hence, the impacts on water use are bounded by the GEIS.3. Water Quality - Non-Radiological Programs and processes designed to minimize, detect, and contain spills will be maintained throughout the decommissioning process. Federal, state and local regulations, and permits pertaining to water quality will remain in effect, and no significant changes to water supply reliability are expected.
to the activities As a generalmatter,TMI-2is smallerthanthe reference         PWRusedin NUREG-0586to evaluatethe environmental     impactsof decommissioning,     and is likewise smallerthana numberof PWRsthatwereevaluatedin NUREG-0586, Supplement   1.
Therefore, the impact of TMI-2 decommissioning on water quality is bounded by the GEIS.
 
Attachment TMr-13-156 Page 18of254. Air Quality There are many types of decommissioning activities that have the potentialto affect air quality. These activities are listed in the GEIS and evaluated from the perspective of the ability to mitigate consequences of activities through the use of high efficiency particulate filters. In addition, the release of any effluents must be controlled to keep contaminated materialwithin the NRC's regulatory limits. For the purposes of assessing radiological impacts, impacts are of small significanceif doses and releases do not exceed limits established by the NRC's regulations.GPUN does not anticipate any activities beyond those listed in the GEIS that could potentially affect air quality. Therefore, the impact of the TMI-2 decommissioning on air quality is bounded by the GEIS.5. Aquatic Ecology GPUN does not anticipate disturbance of lands beyond the current operationalareas of the plant. No alteration to the shores of the Susquehanna River will occur. All activities within the current operational areas of the plant will be conducted in accordance with required permits. Therefore, the impacts of decommissioning TMI-2 on aquatic ecology are bounded by the GEIS.6. Terrestrial Ecology Terrestrial ecology considers the plants and animals in the vicinity of Three Mile lsland as well as the interaction of those organisms with each other and the environment.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page17of25 Decommissioning   activities are identified in AppendixE of NUREG-0586, Supplement   1. No activities plannedfor TMI-2deviatefromthe activities     listedin termsof environmental     impact.A deviation   existsin termsof the variables associated withtransuranic  fueland highersourceterms. However,       these variablesare addressed     throughcontrolled  decontamination   anddismantlement, andfollowingNRCregulations        associated withdose. So longas decontamination   anddismantlement      are performed withinthe guidelines of the regulations regarding releaseof effluents, occupational dose,andoffsitedose; and GTCCwasteis containedin approvedshippingcontainers;             the decommissioning   activities at TMI-2are directlycomparable    to the activities evaluated in the GEIS.
Evaluations of impacts to terrestrial ecology are usually directed at important habitats and species, including plant and animals that are important toindustry, recreational activities, the area ecosystems, and those protected by endangered species regulations and legislation.
NUREG-0586,     Supplement   1, Section4.3,"Environmental     lmpactsfrom Nuclear PowerFacilityDecommissioning,"       providesa listingof 18 issuespertinent  to the decommissioning   of a reactor.A discussion     of theseissuesfollows.
GPUN does not anticipate activities to be conducted that would disturb habitat beyond the operational areasof the plant. In addition, the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources controls impacts to the environment through regulation of construction activities.
: 1. Onsite/Offsite LandUse The GEISconcluded      thatthe impactson landuseare notdetectable        or smallfor facilitieshavingonlyonsiteland-usechangesas a resultof largecomponent removal,structuredismantlement,       and lowlevelwastepackaging      and storage.
Therefore, the impacts of decommissioning TMI-2 on terrestrial ecology are bounded by the conclusions in the GEIS, which concludes the impact to be small.7. Threatened and Endangered SpeciesOf the state or federally listed endangered or threatened animal and plant species, only the bald eagle, the osprey, the peregrine falcon, and Americanholly were identified to have a presence on or near the island.The bald eagle has recently been removed from the endangered species list but remains protected by two other federal laws. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act became effective in 2007. Bald Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 19of25eagles have become relatively common along the Susquehanna River and havebeen known to nest in Dauphin, Lancaster, and York counties.
Thereare no anticipated     changesin landusebeyondthe siteboundaryduring decommissioning. Therefore,   it can be concluded   thatthe impactson landuse are boundedby the GEIS.
Occasionally they have been observed on Three Mile lsland, but there are no known nests on the island. There is a bald eagle nest located approximately 20 miles south, near Holtwood Dam.The Susquehannah River and the associated environment and wetland areas in the vicinity of Three Mile lsland are used by many migratory and resident bird species. Osprey and peregrine falcon nests are known to occur on Three Mile lsfand. Ospreys have nested on the meteorological tower every year since 2004.A 55-foot nesting platform was erected near the tower, but the ospreys have not used it. Peregrine falcons have nested on the TMI-1 Reactor Building since2002. A nest box designed for peregrine falcons was placed on the TMI-2 reactor building in 2002, but the birds have not used it. Exelon regularly monitors the osprey and the peregrine falcon nests on Three Mile lsland. The Americanholly, state-listed as threatened, has been recorded on the TMI-1 property.Should the situation change and the identified species routinely be found in oraround any of the TMI-2 buildings or property, it is GPUN's intent to notify the NRC and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to evaluatethe impact of decommissioning activities.
: 2. WaterUse Sincethe shutdownof TMI-2andthe entryintothe PDMSstate,the demandfor potablewaterhasdecreased        significantly belowthe demandduringoperation.
: 8. Radiological Occupational Dose It is anticipated that low-level radioactive waste removed from TMI-2 will be disposed of at approved waste disposal sites, and that the disposal at localcommercial landfills will be minimized in favor of low-level radioactive wastedisposal to reduce the risk of inadvertent release of radiological material.Radiation dose to the public is expected to remain below levels comparable towhen TMI-2 was operating, through the continued application of radiation protection and contamination controls combined with the reduced source termavailable in the facility.It is anticipated that an occupational dose estimate for the decommissioning of TMI-2 will be performed prior to the start of decommissioning activities based on confirmed characterization results of area contamination and activity levels.Occupational dose will be limited to 5 rem/year total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) as required by 10 CFR 20.1201(a)(1)(i), and is expected to be administratively controlled to a lower TEDE limit to ensure that personnel dosesdo not exceed regulatory limits. lt is also anticipated that administrative practiceswill result in equitable distribution of dose among available qualified workers to ensure collective dose to the work force is kept ALARA.
The operationaldemandfor coolingwater,makeupwater,and servicewaterhas ceased.The demandfor waterneededto conductplantdecommissioning activities(flushingpiping,hydro-lasing,   dustabatement,   etc.)willbe lessthanthe demandfor watersupplyduringoperation.Hence,the impactson wateruseare boundedby the GEIS.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 20 of 25The decommissioning activities dose will be maintained within the regulatory limits, and as such, is consistent and within the conclusions of the GEIS9. Radiological AccidentsThe likelihood of a large offsite radiological release that impacts public health and safety with TMI-2 in the PDMS state is considerably lower than the likelihood of a release from the plant during power operation. This is because the majority of the potential releases associated with power operation are not relevant after thefuel has been removed from the reactor.GEIS, Supplement 1 also considers the possibility of a zircalloy fire.
: 3. WaterQuality- Non-Radiological Programsand processes       designedto minimize,     detect,and containspillswill be maintained   throughout the decommissioning     process.Federal,stateand local regulations, and permitspertaining    to waterqualitywill remainin effect,and no significantchangesto watersupplyreliability      are expected.Therefore,   the impactof TMI-2decommissioning        on waterqualityis boundedby the GEIS.
Thisaccident is not relevant to TMI-2 in the current PDMS condition with approximately 99% of the fuel material having been removed from the site andsent to INEEL.
 
The potentialfor decommissioning activities to result in radiological releases not involving spent fuel (that is, releases related to decontamination and dismantlement activities) will be minimized by use of procedures designed to minimize the likelihood and consequences of such releases.Therefore, GPUN concludes that the impacts of decommissioning on radiological accidents are small and bounded by the GEIS.
Attachment TMr-13-156 Page18of25
1 0. Occupational lssuesGPUN will continue to maintain appropriate administrative controls and requirements to ensure occupational hazards are minimized and that applicable federal, state and local occupational safety standards and requirements continueto be met. GPUN has reviewed the occupational hazards and injuries in theGEIS and concluded that they are not unique or different than activities performed during construction and cleanup of TMI-2. Therefore, the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on occupational issues is bounded by the GEIS.11. Cost Decommissioning costs for TMI-2 are discussed in Section lV of the PSDAR report. The GEIS recognizes that an evaluation of decommissioning cost is not a National Environmental Policy Act requirement.
: 4. Air Quality Thereare manytypesof decommissioning                     that havethe potentialto activities affectair quality.Theseactivities    are listedin the GEISandevaluated      fromthe perspective of the abilityto mitigateconsequences      of activitiesthroughthe useof highefficiency  particulate filters.In addition, the releaseof anyeffluentsmustbe controlled to keepcontaminated      materialwithin the NRC'sregulatory    limits.For the purposesof assessing     radiological   impacts,impactsare of smallsignificance if dosesand releasesdo notexceedlimitsestablished            by the NRC'sregulations.
Therefore, a bounding analysisis not applicable.
GPUNdoesnotanticipate        anyactivities  beyondthoselistedin the GEISthat couldpotentially  affectair quality. Therefore, the impactof the TMI-2 decommissioning   on airqualityis boundedby the GEIS.
Attachment TMr-13-156 Page 21 of 25 12. Socioeconomics Decommissioning of TMI-2 is expected to result in positive socioeconomic impacts. As TMI-2 transitions from the PDMS state to a unit undergoing decommissioning, the potential for local employment to support decommissioning operations becomes available.
: 5. AquaticEcology GPUNdoesnotanticipate        disturbance   of landsbeyondthe currentoperational areasof the plant. No alteration     to the shoresof the Susquehanna     Riverwill occur.All activities withinthe currentoperational      areasof the plant willbe conductedin accordance     withrequiredpermits.Therefore,       the impactsof decommissioning   TMI-2on aquaticecologyare boundedby the GEIS.
GPUN has reviewed the GEIS and has determined that the decommissioning of TMI-2 is bounded by the GEIS analysis of socioeconomic effects on the shutdown and decommissioning of an operating unit.
: 6. TerrestrialEcology Terrestrial ecologyconsiders    the plantsandanimalsin the vicinityof ThreeMile lslandas wellas the interaction     of thoseorganisms    witheachotherandthe environment.Evaluations     of impactsto terrestrial   ecologyare usuallydirectedat importanthabitatsandspecies,including         plantand animalsthatare important     to industry,recreational activities,the areaecosystems,       and thoseprotectedby endangered   speciesregulations    and legislation.GPUNdoesnotanticipate activitiesto be conducted   thatwoulddisturbhabitatbeyondthe operational         areas of the plant. In addition,the Pennsylvania     Department   of NaturalResources controlsimpactsto the environment       throughregulation  of construction activities.
1 3. Environmental Justice Executive Order 12898, dated February 16, 1994, directs Federal executive agencies to consider environmentaljustice under the National Environmental Policy Act. lt is designed to ensure that low-income and minority populationsdo not experience disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects because of federal actions.Because the activities of the decommissioning plan create the potential for additional work opportunities, the decommissioning of TMI-2 could have a positive impact on environmentaljustice by providing job opportunities for lower income or minority populations around the area.The decommissioning activities are bounded by the evaluation of the post accident clean up activities relative to socioeconomic and environmentaljustice.
Therefore, the impactsof decommissioning       TMI-2on terrestrial   ecologyare boundedby the conclusions       in the GEIS,whichconcludes      the impactto be small.
GPUN concludes that the employment opportunities created by decommissioning will have a positive impact on environmentaljustice and thatno further evaluation of detrimental impacts is required.
: 7. Threatened   and Endangered     Species Of the stateor federallylistedendangered        or threatened animaland plant species,onlythe baldeagle,the osprey,the peregrine           falcon,andAmerican hollywereidentified  to havea presenceon or nearthe island.
: 14. Cultural, Historic, and Archeological ResourcesThe PEIS makes no mention of cultural, historic or archeological resources onThree Mile lsland. In addition, GPUN expects that most decommissioning activities will be conducted within the protected areas of the site. As stated in theGEIS, where disturbance of lands beyond the operational areas is not anticipated, the impacts on cultural, historic and archeological resources are not considered to be detectable or destabilizing. GPUN has concluded that the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on cultural, historic, and archeological resources to be bounded by the GEIS.
The baldeaglehas recentlybeenremovedfromthe endangered                 specieslistbut remainsprotectedby two otherfederallaws. The Baldand GoldenEagle ProtectionAct and the MigratoryBirdTreatyAct becameeffectivein 2007. Bald
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 22 of 2515. Aesthetic lssuesThe impact of decommissioning activities on aesthetic resources will be temporary and remain consistent with the aesthetics of an industrial plant. After the decommissioning process is complete, site restoration activities will result in structures being removed from the site and the site being backfilled, graded and landscaped as needed. The removal of structures is generally considered beneficial to the aesthetic impact of the site. Therefore, GPUN has concludedthat the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on aesthetic issues is bounded by the GEIS.16. Noise General noise levels during the decommissioning process are not expected to beany more severe than during refueling outages and are not expected to present an audible intrusion on the surrounding community. Some decommissioning activities may result in higher than normal noise levels (that is, some types of demolition activities).
 
However, these noise levels would be temporary and are not expected to present an audible intrusion on the surrounding community.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page19of25 eagleshavebecomerelatively        commonalongthe Susquehanna          Riverand have beenknownto nestin Dauphin,Lancaster,           andYorkcounties.Occasionally       they havebeenobservedon ThreeMilelsland,butthereare no knownnestson the island.Thereis a baldeaglenestlocatedapproximately            20 milessouth,near HoltwoodDam.
Therefore, GPUN has concluded that the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on noise is bounded by the GEIS.17. Transportation The GEIS states that NRC regulations are adequate to protect the public against unreasonable risk from the transportation of radioactive material and that the effects of transportation of radioactive waste on public health and safety are considered to be neither detectable nor destabilizing.
The Susquehannah       Riverandthe associated     environment   andwetlandareasin the vicinityof ThreeMilelslandare usedby manymigratory            and residentbird species.Ospreyand peregrine         falconnestsare knownto occuron ThreeMile lsfand. Ospreyshavenestedon the meteorological             towereveryyearsince2004.
The NRC analysis further determined that their consideration of the existing data for decommissioning methods and transportation modes should bound the transportation impacts forall decommissioning options for pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors.For the decommissioning of TMI-2, the transportation modes assumed are shielded container removal by rail or truck. The reactor vessel internal components are expected to be transported in spent fuel casks by rail. Otherhighly radioactive wastes will be transported in shielded containers via truck.
A 55-footnestingplatformwas erectednearthe tower,but the ospreyshavenot usedit. Peregrine   falconshavenestedon the TMI-1ReactorBuildingsince 2002. A nestboxdesignedfor peregrine           falconswas placedon the TMI-2 reactorbuildingin 2002,butthe birdshavenot usedit. Exelonregularlymonitors the ospreyandthe peregrine       falconnestson ThreeMilelsland.TheAmerican holly,state-listed as threatened,   hasbeenrecordedon the TMI-1property.
The major transport mode for waste generated from filtering and demineralization of the reactor coolant system and the fuel transfer pool water is assumed to require shipment in shielded truck casks. The low level radioactive wastes requiring controlled disposal are expected to be sent to a waste processor or a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility via railroad.
Shouldthe situationchangeandthe identified         speciesroutinelybe foundin or aroundanyof the TMI-2buildingsor          property, it is GPUN'sintentto notifythe NRCandthe Pennsylvania          Department  of Environmental   Protection to evaluate the impactof decommissioning       activities.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 23 of 25 The transportation impacts of decommissioning are dependent on the number of shipments to and from the plant, the types of shipments, the distance thematerial is shipped, and the radiologicalwaste/fixed waste quantities and disposal plans. The estimated number and volume of shipments from the plant will be much smaller than shipments to the plant during decommissioning.
: 8. Radiological Occupational   Dose It is anticipatedthat low-levelradioactive    wasteremovedfromTMI-2will be disposedof at approvedwastedisposalsites,andthatthe disposalat local commercial    landfillswill be minimized   in favorof low-levelradioactive  waste disposalto reducethe riskof inadvertent       releaseof radiologicalmaterial.
Theshipments from the plant would be primarily radioactive wastes and non-radioactive wastes associated with dismantlement and disposal of structures, systems and components.GPUN must comply with applicable regulations when shipping radioactive waste,and the NRC has concluded in the GEIS that these regulations are adequate to protect the public against unreasonable risk from transportation of radioactive materials.
Radiation   doseto the publicis expectedto remainbelowlevelscomparable            to whenTMI-2was operating,         throughthe continued               of radiation application protection and contamination     controlscombinedwiththe reducedsourceterm availablein the facility.
In addition, shipments of waste from the site are not expected to result in measurable deterioration of affected roads or a destabilizing increase in traffic density.Therefore, GPUN has concluded that the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on transportation is bounded by the GEIS.
It is anticipatedthatan occupational     doseestimatefor the decommissioning       of TMI-2willbe performed       priorto the startof decommissioning   activitiesbasedon confirmedcharacterization      resultsof areacontamination    and activitylevels.
: 18. lrreversible and lrretrievable Commitment of Resources lrreversible commitments are commitments of resources that cannot be recovered, and irretrievable commitments of resources are those that are lost for only a period of time.Uranium is a natural resource that is irretrievably consumed during power operation. After the plant is shutdown uranium is no longer consumed.
Occupational   dosewill be limitedto 5 rem/yeartotaleffectivedoseequivalent (TEDE)as requiredby 10 CFR20.1201(a)(1)(i),           and is expectedto be administratively controlled to a lowerTEDElimitto ensurethatpersonnel        doses do notexceedregulatory      limits.lt is alsoanticipated  thatadministrative practices will resultin equitabledistribution  of doseamongavailable      qualifiedworkers  to ensurecollectivedoseto the workforceis keptALARA.
The use of the environment (air, water, land) is not considered to represent a significant irreversible or irretrievable resource commitment but rather a relatively short-term investment. Since the decommissioning plan is to release the site for unrestricted use after license termination, land is not considered an irreversible resource.
 
The only irretrievable resources that would occur during decommissioning would be materials used to decontaminate the facility (forexample, rags, solvents, gases, and tools) and the fuel used fordecommissioning activities and transportation of materials to and from the site.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page20 of 25 The decommissioning       activitiesdosewillbe maintained   withinthe regulatory limits,and as such,is consistent     andwithinthe conclusions   of the GEIS
However, the use of these resources is minor.
: 9. Radiological   Accidents The likelihood   of a largeoffsiteradiological releasethat impactspublichealthand safetywithTMI-2in the PDMSstateis considerably         lowerthanthe likelihood   of a releasefromthe plantduringpoweroperation.Thisis becausethe majorityof the potentialreleasesassociatedwith poweroperationare not relevantafterthe fuel has beenremovedfromthe reactor.
Therefore, GPUN has concluded that the impact of decommissioning TMI-2 on irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources is bounded by the GEIS.
GEIS,Supplement       1 alsoconsiders  the possibility of a zircalloyfire. This accidentis not relevantto TMI-2in the currentPDMSconditionwith approximately   99%of the fuelmaterialhavingbeenremovedfromthe siteand sentto INEEL.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 24 of 25 Additional ConsiderationsWhile not quantitative, the following considerations are also relevant to concluding that decommissioning activities will not result in significant environmental impacts not previously reviewed.Significant cleanup of the TMI-2 facility has already been completed with approximately 99% of the fuel removed and shipped to INEEL.Decontamination has been completed to the extent that further major decontamination programs are not justified on the basis of worker dose.Prior to decommissioning, TMI-2 will be maintained in accordance with the NRC approved PDMS mode governed by the associated PDMS Technical Specifications, PDMS Quality Assurance Program, and PDMS Final Safety Analysis Report. As such, TMI-2 will be maintained in a condition of stability and safety such that there is minimal risk to public health and safety.
The potentialfordecommissioning                to resultin radiological activities                      releasesnot involving   spentfuel (thatis, releasesrelatedto decontamination     and dismantlement     activities)will be minimized by useof procedures   designedto minimizethe likelihood     and consequences   of suchreleases.
Radiation protection techniques used at the time of decommissioning are expected to improve over current practices and should ensure reduction in occupational exposure.Site access control processes during decommissioning are expected to reducethe risk of public contamination due to trespassing.
Therefore,   GPUNconcludes      thatthe impactsof decommissioning     on radiological accidents   are smalland boundedby the GEIS.
Conclusion Based on the above discussion, the potential environmental impacts associated with decommissioning TMI-2 have already been postulated in and will be bounded by the previously issued environmental impact statements, specificallythe PEIS, and the GEIS and its supplement. This is principally due to the following reasons:. The postulated impacts associated with the decommissioning methodchosen have already been considered in the PEIS and the GEIS,including its supplement.
: 10. Occupational   lssues GPUNwillcontinueto maintainappropriate          administrative controlsand requirements   to ensureoccupational    hazardsare minimized   andthatapplicable federal,stateand localoccupational      safetystandards  and requirements   continue to be met. GPUNhasreviewedthe occupational          hazardsand injuriesin the GEISandconcluded        thattheyare not uniqueor differentthanactivities performed   duringconstruction    andcleanupof TMI-2.Therefore,     the impactof decommissioning     TMI-2on occupational   issuesis boundedby the GEIS.
o There are no unique aspects of TMI-2 or of the decommissioningtechniques to be utilized that would invalidate the conclusions reached in the PEIS, and the GEIS and its supplement.
1 1 .C o s t Decommissioning     costsfor TMI-2arediscussedin SectionlV of the PSDAR report.The GEISrecognizes        thatan evaluation of decommissioning   costis nota NationalEnvironmental      PolicyAct requirement. Therefore, a boundinganalysis is notapplicable.
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page 25 of 25 VII. REFERENCES1. Pace, D. L. (GPU Nuclear) to NRC letter, "Notification of Intent to Submit a Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report," dated August 1 4, 2012 2. Camper, L. W. (NRC) to Pace, D. L. (GPU Nuclear) letter, "Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (TMl-2) - Failure to Submit Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report - Non-cited Violation (Docket: 05000320),'dated February 13,20133. Masnik, M. T. (NRC) to Long, R. L. (GPU Nuclear) letter, "lssuance of Amendment No. 45 for Facility Operating License No. DPR-73 to PossessionOnly License for Three Mib lsland Nuclear Station Unit 2 (TAC No.ML691 15)," dated September 14, 1993 4. NUREG-0683, Supplement 3, "Programmatic Environmental lmpact Statement Related to Decontamination and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Resulting from March 28, 1979 Accident Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 2," Supplement 3, dated August 1989
 
: 5. TLG Services, Inc., "Decommissioning Cost Analysis for Three Mile lsland Unit 2," dated September 20046. TLG Services, Inc., "Decommissioning Cost Analysis for Three Mile lslandUnit 2," dated January 20097. Robinson, J. E. (NRC) to Gallagher, M. P. (Exelon Generation Company,LLC) letter, "lssuance of Renewed Facility Operating License No. DPR-50 forthe Three Mile lsland Nuclear Station, Unit 1," dated October 22,20098. NUREG-0586, "Generic Environmental lmpact Statements on Decommissioning and Radiological Criteria for License Termination," dated August 1988, and Supplement 1, Volumes 1 and 2, November 2002}}
Attachment TMr-13-156 Page21 of 25 12.Socioeconomics Decommissioning     of TMI-2is expectedto resultin positivesocioeconomic impacts.As TMI-2transitions      fromthe PDMSstateto a unitundergoing decommissioning,   the potential for localemployment  to supportdecommissioning operations becomesavailable.
GPUNhas reviewedthe GEISand hasdetermined              thatthe decommissioning    of TMI-2is boundedby the GEISanalysisof socioeconomic           effectson the shutdownanddecommissioning          of an operatingunit.
: 13. Environmental   Justice Executive Order12898,datedFebruary16, 1994,directsFederalexecutive agenciesto considerenvironmentaljustice      underthe NationalEnvironmental PolicyAct. lt is designedto ensurethatlow-income       and minoritypopulations do notexperience    disproportionately   highandadversehumanhealthor environmental   effectsbecauseof federalactions.
Becausethe activities   of the decommissioning     plancreatethe potential for additional workopportunities,   the decommissioning   of TMI-2couldhavea positiveimpacton environmentaljustice       by providing job opportunities for lower incomeor minoritypopulations      aroundthe area.
The decommissioning     activities are boundedby the evaluation   of the post accidentcleanup activities   relativeto socioeconomic   andenvironmentaljustice.
GPUNconcludes      thatthe employment     opportunitiescreatedby decommissioning   will havea positiveimpacton environmentaljustice       andthat no furtherevaluation  of detrimental   impactsis required.
14.Cultural,Historic,andArcheological      Resources The PEISmakesno mentionof cultural,historicor archeological         resources on ThreeMilelsland.In addition,GPUNexpectsthatmostdecommissioning activitieswill be conductedwithinthe protectedareasof the site. As statedin the GEIS,wheredisturbance      of landsbeyondthe operational     areasis not anticipated, the impactson cultural,historicand archeological     resources are not considered to be detectable   or destabilizing. GPUNhasconcluded      thatthe impactof decommissioning     TMI-2on cultural,historic,andarcheological resources to be boundedby the GEIS.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page22 of 25 15.Aestheticlssues The impactof decommissioning     activitieson aestheticresources  will be temporaryand remainconsistent      withthe aesthetics                  plant.After of an industrial the decommissioning     processis complete, siterestoration          will resultin activities structures beingremovedfromthe siteandthe sitebeingbackfilled,         gradedand landscaped   as needed.The removalof structures     is generallyconsidered beneficial to the aestheticimpactof the site. Therefore,   GPUNhasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning     TMI-2on aestheticissuesis boundedby the GEIS.
16.Noise Generalnoiselevelsduringthe decommissioning         processare notexpectedto be any moreseverethanduringrefuelingoutagesand are not expectedto presentan audibleintrusionon the surrounding   community.Somedecommissioning          activities mayresultin higherthannormalnoiselevels(thatis, sometypesof demolition activities).However,thesenoiselevelswouldbe temporaryand are not expected to presentan audibleintrusion  on the surrounding   community.Therefore,     GPUN hasconcluded    thatthe impactof decommissioning    TMI-2on noiseis boundedby theGEIS.
17.Transportation The GEISstatesthatNRCregulations        are adequateto protectthe publicagainst unreasonable   riskfromthe transportation of radioactive materialandthatthe effectsof transportation of radioactivewasteon publichealthand safetyare considered   to be neitherdetectable nordestabilizing. The NRCanalysisfurther determined   thattheirconsideration  of the existingdatafor decommissioning methodsandtransportation      modesshouldboundthe transportation       impactsfor all decommissioning   optionsfor pressurized waterreactorsand boilingwater reactors.
Forthe decommissioning     of TMI-2,the transportation   modesassumedare shieldedcontainerremovalby railor truck. The reactorvesselinternal components   are expectedto be transported   in spentfuelcasksby rail. Other highlyradioactive  wasteswillbe transported   in shieldedcontainers  via truck.
The majortransportmodefor wastegenerated          fromfilteringanddemineralization of the reactorcoolantsystemand the fuel transferpoolwateris assumedto requireshipmentin shieldedtruckcasks.The low levelradioactive          wastes requiringcontrolled  disposalare expectedto be sentto    a waste processor or a low-levelradioactive  wastedisposalfacilityvia railroad.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page23 of 25 Thetransportation  impactsof decommissioning       are dependent   on the numberof shipments to andfromthe    plant,the typesof shipments,     the distancethe materialis shipped,andthe radiologicalwaste/fixed       wastequantities    and disposalplans.The estimatednumberandvolumeof shipments               fromthe plant will be muchsmallerthanshipments      to the plantduringdecommissioning.       The shipments  fromthe plantwouldbe primarilyradioactive      wastesand non-radioactive wastesassociated    withdismantlement    anddisposalof structures, systemsand components.
GPUNmustcomplywithapplicable          regulations whenshippingradioactive      waste, andthe NRChasconcludedin the GEISthattheseregulations              are adequateto protectthe publicagainstunreasonable      riskfromtransportation    of radioactive materials.In addition,shipments   of wastefromthe siteare notexpectedto result in measurable   deteriorationof affectedroadsor a destabilizing     increasein traffic density.
Therefore, GPUNhasconcluded        thatthe impactof decommissioning       TMI-2on transportation is boundedby the GEIS.
: 18. lrreversible and lrretrievableCommitment      of Resources lrreversiblecommitments    are commitments     of resources thatcannotbe recovered,and irretrievable commitments     of resourcesare thosethat are lost for onlya periodof time.
Uraniumis a naturalresourcethatis irretrievably     consumedduringpower operation.Afterthe plantis shutdownuraniumis no longerconsumed.The use of the environment   (air,water,land)is notconsidered    to represent   a significant irreversibleor irretrievableresourcecommitmentbut rathera relativelyshort-term investment.Sincethe decommissioning         planis to releasethe sitefor unrestricted useafterlicensetermination,     landis notconsidered    an irreversible resource.The onlyirretrievable    resources   thatwouldoccurduring decommissioning   wouldbe materialsusedto decontaminate         the facility(for example,rags,solvents,gases,andtools)andthe fuel usedfor decommissioning    activitiesandtransportation    of materials to andfromthe site.
However, the useof theseresources      is minor.
Therefore, GPUNhasconcluded        thatthe impactof decommissioning        TMI-2on irreversibleand irretrievable commitment     of resources is bounded   by the GEIS.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page24 of 25 Additional Considerations Whilenotquantitative, the followingconsiderations    are alsorelevantto concluding thatdecommissioning    activitieswill not resultin significant environmental   impactsnot previously reviewed.
Significant cleanupof the TMI-2facilityhasalreadybeencompleted          with approximately   99%of the fuelremovedandshippedto INEEL.
Decontamination   hasbeencompleted    to the extentthatfurthermajor decontamination   programsare not   justifiedon the basisof workerdose.
Priorto decommissioning,   TMI-2willbe maintained     in accordance withthe NRC approvedPDMSmodegovernedby the associated             PDMSTechnical Specifications, PDMSQualityAssuranceProgram,and PDMSFinalSafety AnalysisReport.As such,TMI-2willbe maintained           in a conditionof stabilityand safetysuchthatthereis minimalriskto publichealthandsafety.
Radiation protectiontechniques  usedat the timeof decommissioning       are expectedto improveovercurrentpractices      andshouldensurereductionin occupational  exposure.
Siteaccesscontrolprocesses    duringdecommissioning        are expectedto reduce the riskof public contamination dueto trespassing.
Conclusion Basedon the abovediscussion,     the potentialenvironmental    impactsassociated withdecommissioning    TMI-2havealreadybeenpostulated          in andwillbe boundedby the previously   issuedenvironmental    impact   statements, specifically the PEIS,andthe GEISanditssupplement.         Thisis principally   dueto the followingreasons:
      . The postulated impactsassociated    withthe decommissioning     method chosenhavealreadybeenconsidered        in the PEISandthe GEIS, includingitssupplement.
o Thereare no uniqueaspectsof TMI-2or of the decommissioning techniques  to be utilizedthatwouldinvalidate    the conclusions reached in the PEIS,andthe GEISanditssupplement.
 
Attachment TMt-13-156 Page25 of 25 VII. REFERENCES
: 1. Pace,D. L. (GPUNuclear)to NRCletter,"Notification   of Intentto Submita Post-Shutdown   Decommissioning   ActivitiesReport,"datedAugust14, 2012
: 2. Camper,L. W. (NRC)to Pace,D. L. (GPUNuclear)letter,"ThreeMilelsland NuclearStation,Unit2 (TMl-2)- Failureto SubmitPost-Shutdown Decommissioning   ActivitiesReport- Non-cited Violation(Docket:05000320),'
datedFebruary13,2013
: 3. Masnik,M. T. (NRC)to Long,R. L. (GPUNuclear)letter,"lssuanceof AmendmentNo.45 for FacilityOperatingLicenseNo. DPR-73to Possession OnlyLicensefor ThreeMib lslandNuclearStationUnit2 (TACNo.
ML69115),"datedSeptember      14,1993
: 4. NUREG-0683,   Supplement   3, "Programmatic Environmental lmpact StatementRelatedto Decontamination   and Disposalof Radioactive   Wastes ResultingfromMarch28, 1979AccidentThreeMilelslandNuclearStation, Unit2,"Supplement 3, datedAugust1989
: 5. TLG Services,Inc.,"Decommissioning   CostAnalysisfor ThreeMilelsland Unit2," datedSeptember  2004
: 6. TLG Services,Inc.,"Decommissioning   CostAnalysisfor ThreeMilelsland Unit2,"datedJanuary2009
: 7. Robinson, J. E. (NRC)to Gallagher, M. P. (ExelonGeneration  Company, LLC)letter,"lssuanceof RenewedFacilityOperatingLicenseNo. DPR-50for theThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit1,"datedOctober22,2009
: 8. NUREG-0586,   "GenericEnvironmental  lmpactStatements  on Decommissioning   and Radiological Criteriafor LicenseTermination," dated August1988,and Supplement     1,Volumes1 and2, November2002}}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 4 November 2019

Response to Request for Additional Information on Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report
ML13323A497
Person / Time
Site: Three Mile Island Constellation icon.png
Issue date: 11/18/2013
From: Harden P
GPU Nuclear
To:
Document Control Desk, NRC/FSME
References
TMI-13-156
Download: ML13323A497 (27)
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Text

CbuN U C LE A R GPUNuclear, Inc.

ThreeMilelsland NuclearStation Route441South PostOfficeBox480 Middletown.PAt 7057-0480 Tel717-948-8461 November 18,2013 TMt-13-156 1 0c F R 5 0 . 5 1 10 cFR 50.82 Attn:DocumentControlDesk U.S.NuclearRegulatory Commission Washington, D.C.20555-0001

Subject:

ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2 DocketNo.50-320,Possession OnlyLicenseNo. DPR-73 Response to ReqqestForAdditionalInformation on Post-Shutdown Decommissionino ActivitiesReport On June28,2013(Accession No.M113190A366), GPUNuclear, Inc.(GPUN) submitteda post-shutdown decommissioning report activities (PSDAR) for Three MilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2, to the NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC).

By letterdatedOctober21,2013(Accession No.M113266A285), the NRCstated that they havecompletedtheirreviewof the PSDAR.As a resultof this review,the NRCrequested GPUNto providean updateddecommissioning costestimatethat reflectsthe mostrecentannualupdate.Attachedis the revisedPSDAR,which incorporates this information.The revisedinformationis identifiedby a revisionbar in the rightpagemarginwitha revisionnumberadjacentto the bar.

ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2 TMt-13-156 Page2 lf thereare any questionsor if additional is required,pleasecontact information Mr.GregoryH. Halnon,Director- FirstEnergy NuclearOperating CompanyFleet Regulatory Affairsat (330)436-1369.

Attachment:

ThreeMilelslandNuclearPowerStation,Unit2 Post-Shutdown Decommissioning ActivitiesReport,Revision1, November2013 NRCRegionI Administrator NRCSeniorResidentInspector NRCProjectManager DirectorBRP/DEP SiteBRP/DEPReoresentative

Attachment TMr-13-156 Page1 of25 ThreeMilelslandNuclear PowerStation,Unat2 Post-ShutdownDecommissioning Report Activities Revision1 November 2013

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page2 of 25 Tableof Contents SECTION PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. BACKGROUND 4 III. DESCRIPTIONOF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 6 IV. SCHEDULE OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 11 V. ESTIMATED COSTSOF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 12 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 15 VII. REFERENCES 25 REVISION HISTORY RevisionNumber RevisionDescription 0 lnitiallssue (June2013) 1 lncorporated information to updateTable1 to 2012dollars (November 2013)

Changes areon Pages1,2, 14,and1 5

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page3 of 25 I. INTRODUCTION GPUNuclear,Inc.(GPUN),actingfor itselfandfor the Metropolitan Edison Company,JerseyCentralPowerand LightCompany,andthe Pennsylvania ElectricCompany,hasdeveloped thispost-shutdown decommissioning activities report(PSDAR)for the ThreeMib lslandNuclearStation,Unit2 (TMl-2)in accordance withthe requirements of 10 CFR50.82,"Termination of license,"

paragraph (aX+Xi).

TMI-2hasa possession onlylicense(POL),and is currentlymaintained in accordance withthe NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC)approvedSAFSTOR condition(methodin whicha nuclearfacilityis placedand maintained in a condition that allowsit to be safelystoredand subsequently decontaminated) knownas post-defuelingmonitored storage(PDMS).GPUNhas maintained TMI-2in the PDMS statesincethe NRCprovisions for cleanupweremetand acceptedin 1993.

By letterdatedAugust14,2012,GPUNinformedthe NRCof the TMI-2status relativeto the 1996Decommissioning Rulechangesspecifically relatedto 10 CFR50.51, "Continuation of license,"and 10 CFR 50.82,"Termination of license."

The letterstatedthe intentto submita PSDARthatdescribes the planned decommissioning activities,schedule, costestimates, andthe environmental impacts of TMI-2plantspecificdecommissioning. By NRCletterdatedFebruary13,2013,the NRCstatedthatSeptember14, 1993is considered the dateof TMI-2'scessationof operations.

ThefollowingPSDARreportis providedin accordance withthe requirements in 10 CFR50.82.The PSDARincludes:

r A description of the planneddecommissioning activities, o A schedule for theiraccomplishment, o A site-specific decommissioning costestimateinctuding the projected costof managingirradiated fuel,and o A discussion thatprovidesthe reasonsfor concluding thatthe environmental impactsassociated withsite-specificdecommissioning activities willbe boundedby previously issuedenvironmental impact statements.

Dueto the uniquenatureof TMI-2,GPUNhasincluded a Sectionll, "Background," in the PSDARreportto provideinformation on the design,history, and currentstatusof the ThreeMilelslandNuclearStationUnit2. Sectionslll throughV addressthe 10 CFR50.82requirements to describeand providea

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page4 of 25 scheduleand costestimatefor the planneddecommissioning activities.

SectionVl provides the reasonsfor concluding thatthe activities plannedfor the decommissioning of TMI-2are boundedby previously issuedenvironmental impactstatements.SectionVll providesa listof referencesusedin the PSDAR.

II. BACKGROUND TMI-2is locatedon the northern-most sectionof ThreeMilelslandnearthe east shoreof the Susquehanna Riverin DauphinCounty,Pennsylvania. The station is comprised of two pressurized waterreactors. The TMI Nuclear Station includesthe operatingUnit1, ownedby ExelonGeneration Company,LLC (Exelon),andthe shutdown Unit2 ownedby GPUN.

TMI-2is a non-operational pressurizedwaterreactorthatwas ratedat a core thermal power levelof 2772megawatt-thermal witha corresponding turbine-generatorgrossoutputof 959 megawatt-electric. TMI-2employeda two loop pressurized waterreactornuclearsteamsupplysystemdesignedby Babcock andWilcoxCorporation. The reactorcoolantsystemis housedwithina steel-lined,post-tensioned concretestructure(reactorbuilding), in the shapeof a right, verticalcylinderwitha hemispherical domeand a flat,reinforced concrete basemat.A weldedsteellinerplate,anchoredto the insidefaceof the reactor building,servesas a leak-tight membrane.

GPUNwas issuedan operatinglicensefor TMI-2on February8, 1978,with commercial operation declared on December 30, 1978.On March28, 1979,the unitexperienced an accidentinitiatedby interruptionof secondary feedwater flow.

The lackof secondaryfeedwaterresultedin the reductionof primary-to-secondaryheatexchangethatcausedan increasein the reactorcoolant temperature, creatinga surgeintothe pressurizer, andan increasein system pressure.The pressureoperatedreliefvalve(PORV)openedto relievethe pressure,butfailedto closewhenthe pressuredecreased.The reactorcoolant pumpswereturnedoff anda coreheat-upbeganas the reactorcoolantsystem waterinventory continued to decreaseresultingin a reactorvesselwaterlevel belowthe top of the core. Thisledto a coreheatup thatcausedfueldamage.

The majorityof the fuelmaterialtravelleddownthroughthe regionof the southeastern assemblies and intothe corebypassregion.A portionof thefuel materialpassedaroundthe bypassregionand migrateddownintothe lower internalsand lowerheadregion,butoverallreactorvesselintegrity was maintained throughout the accident.

Attachment TMI-13-156 Page5 of 25 As a resultof thisaccident,smallquantities of coredebrisandfissionproducts weretransported throughthe reactorcoolantsystemandthe reactorbuilding.In addition,a smallquantityof coredebriswastransported to the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuildings.Furtherspreadof the debrisalsooccurredas partof the post-accident waterprocessing cleanupactivities.

The quantityof fuel remaining at TMI-2is a smallfractionof the initialfuel load; approximately 99 percent (%) wassuccessfully removedin the defueling.

Additionally, largequantities of radioactive fissionproductsthatwerereleasedinto varioussystemsand structureswereremovedas partof the wasteprocessing activitiesduringthe TMI-2Clean-upProgram.The cleanupto meetthe NRCpost accidentsafestoragecriteriawas completedand acceptedby the NRCwithTMI-2 enteringintopost-defueling monitored storagein 1993.

NUREG-0683, "TheProgrammatic Environmental lmpactStatementRelatedto Decontamination and Disposalof Radioactive WastesResulting fromthe March28, 1979Accident ThreeMilelslandNuclearStation,Unit2,"Supplement 3 (PEIS)discusses performed the activities to achievethe PDMSstateat TMI-2.

The PEISevaluates the activities associated withthe post-accident cleanupfor environmental impact,and addresses the significant amountof decontamination andwasteremovalthatwouldnormallybe partof a decommissioning plan,which werecompleted to achievePDMS.

Approximately 99%of the fuelwas removedand shippedto the ldahoNational Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL)underthe responsibility of the Department of Energy(DOE).The reactorcoolantsystemwas decontaminated to the extentpractical to reduceradiationlevelsto as lowas is reasonably achievable (ALARA).As partof the decontamination effort,water was removedto the extentpracticalfrom the reactorcoolantsystemandthe fuel transfercanal,andthe fueltransfertubeswereisolated.Radioactive wastes fromthe majorclean-upactivities havebeenshippedoff-siteor has been packagedand stagedfor shipmentoff-site.

Following the decontamination onlythe reactorbuildingand a few activities, areasin the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuildings continued to havegeneralarea radiationlevelshigherthanthoseof an undamaged reactorfacilitynearingthe end of its operatinglife.

GPUNmaintained TMI-2in the PDMSstatewhilesuccessfully operating TMI-1 untilAmerGen(a jointventurebetweenPhiladelphia EnergyCompanyand British Energy)purchased theoperating TMI-1fromGPUNin 1998.Thesaleof TMI-1 includedthe Unit1 buildings, structures,andthe majorityof the siteproperty; howeverGPUNmaintained ownership of TMI-2.A monitoring agreement between AmerGenand GPUNprovidesfor AmerGenperforming certainfunctionsat TMI-2

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page6 of 25 whileTMI-2is in PDMSon the behalfof GPUN.Thesefunctions include maintenance andtesting,radiological andenvironmental controls,securityand safetyfunctionsand licensingactivities requiredby the PDMSTechnical Specifications and PDMSFinalSafetyAnalysisReport.

FirstEnergy acquiredGPUNandownership of TMI-2in 2001as partof a larger acquisitionof GPU,and continued the monitoring agreement withAmerGen.In December 2003,Exelonacquiredsoleownership of TMI-1. A2004site-specific costestimatefor decommissioning TMI-2assumeda delayedDECONscenario, whichdeferredthe decontamination anddismantling activitiesat TMI-2untilthey are synchronized withTMI-1suchthatthe licensesfor bothunitsareterminated concurrently. Thisscenarioassumeda 1O-year dormancyperiodfor TMI-2, folfowingthe TMI-1originallicenseexpiration in 2014,withdecommissioning preparation to beginin about2024.The initialscheduleassumed decommissioning operations wouldbeginin about2026,andwouldbe completed overa 1O-year periodwithsiterestoration projectedin 2036. Sincethattimean extension to the TMI-1operatinglicensehasbeengrantedwarranting a revisionto the decommissioning schedule for TMI-2.

The NRCapproveda2}-yearextension to the TMI-1OperatingLicenseby letterto ExelondatedOctober22,2009. As a result,the TMI-1OperatingLicensehasbeen extendeduntilApril 19,2034.TheTMI-2PSDARestablishes the schedulefor the decommissioning of TMI-2to commence followingthe expiration of the TMI-1 OperatingLicenseon April 19,2034.

III. DESCRIPTION OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES The objectiveof decommissioning TMI-2is to safelyperformall the activities associated withdecontamination anddismantlement of the remaining plant systems,components, structures,andfacilitiesin a costeffectivemanner.The decommissioning planassumesthatTMI-2is effectively maintained in the currentSAFSTORmodeof PDMSuntilthe expiration of the TMI-1operating licensein2034,whichcouldextendthroughthe periodof spentfuelremovaland storagefromTMI-1.The decontamination anddismantling activities at TMI-2will thenbe synchronized withthe adjacentunitsuchthatthe licensesfor bothunits are terminated concurrently.

The decommissioning planfor TMI-2involvesactivities to addressthe higher sourcetermmaterials to eliminateelementsthatwouldcontribute to higher workerexposureduringactivities thataretypicalof decommissioning an operatingplantat the end of plantlife.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page7 of 25 The decommissioning willfocuson the useof bothultrahighpressurewater spraysand mechanical decontamination methodsfor the removalof the remaininghighsourcetermmaterials.Sincethe majorityof the spentfuel has alreadybeenremovedfrom site andtransferredto a DOEfacility,thereis no needto constructan independent spentfuelstorageinstallation (lSFSl)specific to TMI-2. GPUNwillexploretwo optionsfor storageandtransferof the remainingresidualfuelandgreaterthanclassC (GTCC)waste. First,GPUNwill workwiththe DOEto obtainauthorization to transportthe remaining fueland GTCCwasteto INEEL,wherethe majorityof TMI-2spentfuel is currentlystored, or to an alternatestorageor repository locationdesignated by DOE,if available, by thattime. lf DOEstorageoptionsare notdeemedviable,GPUNwillexplore an agreement with Exelonto havethe remaining TMI-2fueland GTCCstoredin the TMI-1ISFSIuntila DOEgeological repositorybecomesoperational.

Basedon the aboveoverallplan,the decommissioning of TMI-2hasbeen dividedintothe followingperiods:

o PDMS(SAFSTORDormancy)

. Preparationsfor Decommissioning o DecommissioningOperations o Non-radiological Restoration of the Site Thefollowingprovidesa discussion of the decommissioning plan,the significant andthe generalsequencing activities, of activities in eachof the aboveperiods.

The planningrequiredfor eachdecommissioning activity,including the selection processto performthe work,will be completedpriorto the startof workfor that activity.

Period1: PDMS(SAFSTORDormancy)

The PDMScondition was establishedfollowingthe accidentat TMI-2to establish an inherently stableandsafeconditionof the facilitysuchthattherewas no risk to the publichealthandsafety.The PDMSstatehasbeenapprovedby the NRC and is governedby a PDMSSafetyAnalysisReport,PDMSTechnical Specifications,and PDMSQualityProgram.

The PDMSTechnicalSpecification requirements to monitorandsuruey radiologicalconditionshavebeenestablished and maintained since1993. Site securityis maintainedas a contractedserviceby Exelon that owns and operates TMt-1.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page8 of 25 As discussedin the TMI-2PDMSSafetyAnalysisReport:

o Thereis no crediblepossibility of nuclearcriticality.

. Fueland coredebrisremovedfromthe reactorvesseland associated systemshas beenshippedoffsite.

. Any potentialforsignificant releaseof radioactivity has been eliminated.

o Waterhas beenremovedto the extentpracticalfromthe reactor coolantsystemandfueltransfercanal,andfueltransfertubeshave beenisolated.Thetreatmentand processing of accidentgenerated waterhasbeencompleted.

o Radioactive wastefromthe majorcleanupactivities has beenshipped off-siteor has beenpackagedfor shipmentoff-site.

o Radiation withinthe facilityhasbeenreduced,as necessary, consistent withALAM principles to levelsthatwillallownecessary plantmonitoring activities,the performance of requiredmaintenance, and any necessary inspections.

The PDMSdormancyperiodis expectedto extenduntilthe end of TMI-1 operatinglicensein 2034,andcouldextenduntilcompletion of the TMI-1spent fuel removalandstoragecampaign.In the eventthatcircumstances dictatean earliershutdownof TMI-1,the expectedTMI-2PDMSdormancy period willbe reduced,andthe PSDARwill be revisedto reflecta decommissioning schedule thatmaintains concurrent decommissioning withTMI-1.

Period2: Preparations for Decommissioning A decommissioning organizationalstructureand selectedstaffwill be developed to identifyroles,responsibilities,and accountabilities for the decommissioning preparations and decommissioning operations.

Preparations includethe planningfor the removalof the remaining residualfuel, decontamination of the structures,anddismantling the remaining equipment and facilities.

Attachment TMt-13-156 PageI of 25 In preparationfor actualdecommissioning, activitiesthatwill be performed include:

o Conducta characterization of the siteandthe surrounding environs.

Thisincludesradiation surveysof the reactorbuildingincluding basement, elevatorblockwallarea,areassurrounding major components, internalpiping,and primaryshieldcores.

. Conductradiationsurveysof the auxiliaryandfuel handlingbuiHings withemphasison areaswithknownand potentialalphacontamination, and knownfissionproducts.

. Conductradiation surveysandsampleanalysison exteriorbuildings, landareassurrounding the facility,subsurface soilandgroundwater.

o Developspecifications for transportand requirements for highly radioactivewasteandhazardouswaste.

o Developprocedures for occupational exposurecontrol,controland handlingof liquidandgaseouseffluents, processing of radioactive waste,sitesecurity,emergency programs, and industrial safety.

Period3: Decommissioning Operations The actualdecommissioning anddismantlement of TMI-2willoccurduringthe periodof decommissioning operations.Significant decommissioning to activities be performed duringthisperiodinclude,butare not limitedto, thoselistedbelow.

Someof the activitiesare uniqueto the decommissioning of TMI-2,but a number of theseactivitiesmay be coordinated with Exelonas they may be neededto supportthe concurrent decommissioning of TMI-1.

o Construction of temporary facilitiesor modifications to existingfacilities to supportdismantlement activities.

. Designandfabrication of temporary and permanent shielding to supportremovalandtransportation construction activities, of contamination controlenvelopes, andthe procurement of specialty tooling.

o Procurement of shippingcontainers, caskliners,and industrial packagesfor packaging.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page10of25 Reconfiguration and modification of site structuresand facilitiesas neededto supportdecommissioning operations.Thismay includethe upgrading of roadsand railfacilities to facilitatehaulingandtransport.

Decontamination of components andstructures as requiredto reduce sourcetermandcontrol(minimize) workerexposure.

Inventory, decontamination, and removalof legacyequipment inventoryleftoverfromdefuelingcampaign.

Disassembly and segmentation of the remaining reactorvessel internals.Someinternals are expectedto exceedGTCCrequirements.

As such,the segmentswill be appropriately packagedfor disposal.

Removalof controlroddrivehousingsandthe headservice structurefrom reactorvesselhead.

Segmentation of the reactorvesselhead.

Segmentation of the reactorvessel.

Removalof the steamgeneratorsand pressurizer for material recoveryand controlled disposal.

Removalof the free standingconcreteand otherinternalstructuresin the reactorbuilding including:polarcrane,biological shield,D-rings, floors.etc.

A licensetermination plan(LTP),in accordance with10 CFR50.82(aXg), willbe preparedat leasttwo yearspriorto the anticipated dateof licensetermination.

The LTPwill includea sitecharacterization, description of remaining dismantling plansfor siteremediation, activities, updatedcostestimateto completethe decommissioning, anyassociated environmental concerns, designation of the end useof the site,andthe procedures for the finalradiation survey.The LTP willbe developed following theguidance contained in Regulatory Guide1.179, "StandardFormatandContentof LicenseTermination Plansfor NuclearPower Reactors."As describedin Regulatory Guide1.179,the LTPwill usethe guidancecontainedin NUREG-1575, "Multi-Agency Radiation Surveyand Site lnvestigationManual(MARSSIM)" to developthe finalradiological surveyplan and surveymethods.The useof MARSSIMto developthe finalradiological surveyplanandsurveymethodswilldemonstrate compliance withthe requirements 10 CFR20, SubpartE, "Radiological Criteriafor License Termination." is Oncethe LTP approved, the final remediation of the site

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page11 of25 facilitiesandservicescan commence.Theseactivities include,but are not limitedto:

Removalof remaining plantsystemsandcomponents as theybecome nonessential to the decommissioning program,or workerhealthand safety(forexample,wastecollection and processing systems, electricalpowerandventilation systems).

Removalof contaminated yardpipingandanycontaminated soil.

Remediation and removalof the contaminated equipment and material fromthe auxiliaryandfuelbuibings,and anyothercontaminated facility.

Useof the NUREG-1575 guidanceensuresthatthe surveysare conductedin a mannerthatprovidesa highdegreeof confidence thatapplicable NRCcriteria are satisfied.Oncethe finalsurveyis complete, the resultsare providedto the NRC. The NRCwillterminate the licenseif it determines thatsiteremediation has beenperformed in accordance withthe LTP,andthatthe terminalradiation surveyand associated documentation demonstrate thatthe facilityis suitablefor release.

Period4 - Site Restoration Following completion of decommissioning operations, siterestoration activities willbegin. Siterestoration willinvolvethe dismantling anddisposalof any remaining non-radiological structures.Restoredareasof the sitewill be backfilled, gradedand landscaped to supportvegetation for erosioncontrol.

IV. SCHEDULE OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES The decommissioning planfor TMI-2can be characterized as a delayedDECON approach.The schedulefor decommissioning of TMI-2 is based on the assumption thatTMI-2will be decommissioned withTMI-1to achieveeconomies of scale,by sharingcostsbetweenunits,andcoordinating the sequenceof work activities.

The highlevelschedulefor decommissioning of TMI-2assumesthatthe PDMS SAFSTORdormancyperiodwillextendpastthe TMI-1shutdowndateto allow for TMI-1ISFSIconstruction andspentfuelremovalandstorage.Priorto completion of the TMI-1ISFSIprogram,the preparation for TMI-2 decommissioning willbegin.As decommissioning approaches, schedule variations to accountfor availability of wastedisposalfacilitiesand coordination

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page12of25 withExelonandvendorswill be incorporated. lt is notexpectedthatthese variations will impactthe overallcompletion schedule.

The schedulefor decommissioning of TMI-2has beendevelopedin orderto achievethe termination of licenseby September14,2053.Thistermination date ensurescompliance withthe NRCrequirement to completedecommissioning 60 yearsfrom certificateof cessationto operateas definedin 10 CFR 50.82(aX3).

In the eventof any unforeseen circumstances thatshouldwarranta requestthat TMI-2licensetermination be allowedbeyondSeptember14,2053,GPUNwill notifythe NRCto requestconsideration of an exemption to the 60-year requirement as definedin 10 CFR50.82(aX3). As notedin letterfromthe NRC to GPUNdatedFebruary13,2013,the equivalent to the certificateof cessationof operations was determined to be the NRC'sissuanceof TMI-2 LicenseAmendment 45, converting the TMI-2operatinglicenseto a possession onlylicense.Thisamendment wasgrantedon September 14,1993and establishes thatdateas the datethatTMI-2is considered to havesubmitted certification of permanent cessation of operations.Uponreceiptof NRC termination of license,siterestoration activities willcommence.lt is estimated that the site restorationwill take approximately one yearto completethereby rendering the ThreeMilelslandsiterestoredto greenfield statusin 2054.

Majormilestones established for decommissioning of TMI-2are listedin the table below.

MAJORDECOMMISSION INGACTIVITY DATES TMI-2PDMSSAFSTORDormancy 1993- 2043 TMI-1Shutdown April19,2034 TMI-2Decommissioning Preparation 2043-2044 TMl-2 Decommissioning Operations 2044-2053 TMI-2SiteRestoration 2053- 2054 V. ESTIMATED COSTSOF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES In February1996,TLG Services,Inc.completed the firstTMI-2site-specific decommissioning costestimatethatwas developed for GPUN.Thatanalysis was first updatedin 2004and has beenfurtherrefinedto reflectcurrent assumptions pertainingto disposition of the nuclearunitand relevantindustry experience in undertaking decommissioning projects.

The decommissioning activities for TMI-2area continuation of the decontamination effortsstartedin the 1980s.The costestimaterecognizesthe presentstateof TMI-2 decontamination, contingency for unknownor uncertain conditions, of the availability

Attachment TMI-13-156 Page13of25 lowand highlevelradioactive wastedisposalsites,andsiteremediation requirements. The methodology usedto developthe costestimatefollowsthe basic approachdevelopedby the AtomicIndustrial Forum(nowthe NuclearEnergy Institute)in AIF/NESP-036, "Guidelinesfor Producing Commercial NuclearPower PlantDecommissioning CostEstimates." The methodusesa unitcostfactor approach,including applicationof workdifficulty adjustment factorsto develop decommissioning activitycosts,and incorporates localinformationrelatedto labor rates,as wellas latestavailableindustryexperience.The unitfactormethod providesa demonstrable basisfor establishing reliablecostestimates.Thedetail providedin the unitfactors,including activityduration,laborcosts(bycraft),and equipment and consumable costs,ensuresthatessentialelementshavenot been omitted.

The estimatepresentedhereinis baseduponthe mostrecentupdateto the site specificcostestimatecompletedby TLG Servicesin January2009,and provided to the NRCas partof the 10 CFR50.75(0(1), "Reporting and recordkeepingfor decornmissioning planning," submittalon March29,2010(Accession No.ML100960464).

Consistent witha signedmemorandum of understanding betweenFirstEnergy Corp.(parentof GPUN)and Exelonregarding the timingof decommissioning activitiesat TMI-2,it is assumedthatdecommissioning at TMI-2will not beginuntil the expiration of the TMI-1operatinglicensein 2034andwill be coordinated with post-shutdown activitiesfor TMI-1. Forthe purposeof thiscostestimatethe integration of sitesecurityandthe finalsiteradiological surveybetweenthe two unitsis assumed.

Therearea numberof considerations thataffectthe methodfor decommissioning the TMI-2siteandthe degreeof restoration required.The costestimateincludes the considerations identified below.

The majorityof the fuelwas removedduringthe TMI-2CleanupProgram's reactorvesseldefuelingeffortthatconcluded in January1990.Titleto thisfuel was transferred to the Department of Energy (DOE). The remainder of the fuel (about1%)is dispersed withinthe primarysystemandto a lesserextentin other systemsandstructures.Thisresidualmaterialwillbe removedas radioactive waste. Therefore,the costof managingirradiatedfuel is not reflectedwithinthe estimates to decommission the TMI-2site.

It is expectedthat therewill be somewastes,(GTCCwaste)generatedin the decommissioning of TMI-2thatare notsuitablefor shallowlandburialand thereforecannotbe shippedfor disposaluntila highlevelwasterepository is madeavailableby DOE. Althoughthe materialis notclassified as high-level

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page14of25 waste,the DOEhasindicated theywillacceptthiswastefor disposalat the future high-level wasterepository.However, the DOEhasnotdeveloped an acceptance criteriaor disposition schedulefor thismaterial,and numerous questionsremainas to the ultimatedisposalcostandwasteformrequirements.

Forpurposesof the costestimate,it is assumedthatGTCCwastewill be packagedanddisposedof as high-level waste,at a costof $25,000per cubic foot (in 2008dollars).lt is alsoassumedthatthe DOEwillacceptthe GTCC materialin a timelymannerso as notto affectthe TMI-2decommissioning schedule.No additional costsare includedfor the temporary storageof GTCC material.

The decommissioning costestimatefor TMI-2has beensummarized in Table1.

The valuesfor the tablecamefromthe sitespecificcostestimatecompletedby TLG Servicesin January2009. Thevaluesin the estimatewerepresented in 2008dollars.Thesevalueswereescalated to 2012dollarsby usingan escafation factorof 2.81percentl.

ThisPSDARwill not be updatedfor minorchangesin anticipated decommissioning costs. However, the statusof TMI-2decommissioning funding willcontinueto be reportedto the NRCin accordance with 10 CFR50.75(0(1) and 10 CFR50.82(aX8Xv). Thisreportwillinclude , at a minimum, the assumptions usedin the ratesof escalation of decommissioning costsand ratesof earnings usedin fundingprojections. Additionally, GPUN,in accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7), will informthe NRCin writing(witha copysentto Pennsylvania),

beforeperforming anydecommissioning activityinconsistentwithor makingany significantschedulechangefromthoseactionsand schedules describedin the PSDAR,including changesthatsignificantly increasethe decommissioning cost.

GPUNwillalsoincludean updatedsitespecificestimateof remaining decommissioning costsin the licensetermination planin accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(9XiiXF). The annual10 CFR50.75(fX1) reportscontinueto demonstrate thatthe currentfundbalancesare morethanadequateto coverthe expected futurecostof decommissioning. In the eventthatfutureestimated costsor funding levelschangesignificantly, GPUNwill makethe necessary adjustments to ensure thatsufficientfundsremainavailable for decommissioning.

t Table1 of TLG Services,Inc.Report,"Financial EscalationAnalysisfor the Decommissioning of ThreeMilelsland,Unit2,"datedMay2009

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page15of25 TABLE1 TMI-2DECOMMISSIONING COST

SUMMARY

1 (Thousands basedon 2012dollars)

Decontamination $ 35,279 Removal $ 167,051 Packaging $ 19,252 Transportation,Off-siteWaste Processing, and Disposal $ 228,125 ProgramManagement $ 415,198 Miscellaneous Equipment $ 25,885 lnsuranceand RegulatoryFees $ 19,963 OtherDecommissioninqCosts $ 33.175 Total DecommissioningCosts $ 943,927 Note1 - Columndoesnotadddueto mathematical roundingperformedduringthe development of thecalculation VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 10 CFR 50.82(4()(i)requiresthatthe PSDARinclude"a discussion thatprovides the reasons for concluding thatthe environmental impacts associated withthe site-specificdecommissioning activitieswillbe boundedby appropriate previously issued environmental impactstatements ..." The potentialenvironmental impacts associated withthe proposeddecommissioning for TMI-2werecompared activities withsimilarimpactsgivenin the PEISrelatedto post-accident cleanupactivities resulting fromthe March28,1979accident;andwith NUREG-0586, "Generic Environmental lmpactStatement on Decommissioning of NuclearPower Facilities,"datedAugust1988andSupplement 1,Volumes1 and2, dated November2OOZ (collectively knownas GEIS)on decommissioning and radiological criteriafor licensetermination.Thefollowingdiscussion provides the comparison.

PEIS The PEISidentified thatthe post-accident cleanupactivitiescan be categorized intofourfundamental activities:

1 . Building andequipment decontamination, 2 . Fuelremovalandthe reactorcoolantsystemdecontamination, 3 . Treatmentof radioactive liquids,and 4 . Packaging, handling, shipment, anddisposalof radioactive wastes

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page16of25 Theseactivities wereusedin the evaluation of the alternativesto GPUN's proposedactionof delayeddecommissioning. As describedin the PEIS,the NRCevaluatedsevenalternatives relativeto delayeddecommissioning. The NRCconcluded (exceptfor the no actionalternative, whichwas not considered acceptable) thatno alternative wasfoundto be superiorto GPUN'sproposal froman environmental impactperspective.

Of the sevenalternatives evaluatedin the PEIS(exceptfor the no action alternative)as wellas the proposedGPUN'sdelayeddecommissioning plan,the NRCconcluded thateachalternative in couldbe conducted conformance with applicable regulatory requirements and implemented withoutsignificant impactto the humanenvironment.Hence,it is reasonable to conclude that the activities described for the TMI-2decommissioning will be accomplished with no adverse environmental impactsbaseduponthe following:

. The activities to be performed for decommissioning areequivalent to the activities performed duringthe post-accident cleanupevaluatedin the PEIS,

. The radiationcontroltechniques anddecontamination methodssince the postTMI-2accidentcleanuphaveimproved, o No site-specific activitiespertaining to TMI-2decommissioning would alterthe conclusions of the PEIS,

. Radiation doseto the publicwillbe minimal, and o Radiation doseto decommissioning workerswill be maintained ALAM according to 10 CFRPart20.

As notedin the PEIS,the outcomeof completing the clean-upactivities at TMI-2 wouldresultin manyareasdecontaminated to the pointwheregeneralareadose ratesapproximate thosein an undamaged reactorfacilitynearingthe end of its operatinglife.

GEIS The remaining decommissioning for the delayeddecommissioning activities of TMI-2can be compared evaluatedin the GEIS.

to the activities As a generalmatter,TMI-2is smallerthanthe reference PWRusedin NUREG-0586to evaluatethe environmental impactsof decommissioning, and is likewise smallerthana numberof PWRsthatwereevaluatedin NUREG-0586, Supplement 1.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page17of25 Decommissioning activities are identified in AppendixE of NUREG-0586, Supplement 1. No activities plannedfor TMI-2deviatefromthe activities listedin termsof environmental impact.A deviation existsin termsof the variables associated withtransuranic fueland highersourceterms. However, these variablesare addressed throughcontrolled decontamination anddismantlement, andfollowingNRCregulations associated withdose. So longas decontamination anddismantlement are performed withinthe guidelines of the regulations regarding releaseof effluents, occupational dose,andoffsitedose; and GTCCwasteis containedin approvedshippingcontainers; the decommissioning activities at TMI-2are directlycomparable to the activities evaluated in the GEIS.

NUREG-0586, Supplement 1, Section4.3,"Environmental lmpactsfrom Nuclear PowerFacilityDecommissioning," providesa listingof 18 issuespertinent to the decommissioning of a reactor.A discussion of theseissuesfollows.

1. Onsite/Offsite LandUse The GEISconcluded thatthe impactson landuseare notdetectable or smallfor facilitieshavingonlyonsiteland-usechangesas a resultof largecomponent removal,structuredismantlement, and lowlevelwastepackaging and storage.

Thereare no anticipated changesin landusebeyondthe siteboundaryduring decommissioning. Therefore, it can be concluded thatthe impactson landuse are boundedby the GEIS.

2. WaterUse Sincethe shutdownof TMI-2andthe entryintothe PDMSstate,the demandfor potablewaterhasdecreased significantly belowthe demandduringoperation.

The operationaldemandfor coolingwater,makeupwater,and servicewaterhas ceased.The demandfor waterneededto conductplantdecommissioning activities(flushingpiping,hydro-lasing, dustabatement, etc.)willbe lessthanthe demandfor watersupplyduringoperation.Hence,the impactson wateruseare boundedby the GEIS.

3. WaterQuality- Non-Radiological Programsand processes designedto minimize, detect,and containspillswill be maintained throughout the decommissioning process.Federal,stateand local regulations, and permitspertaining to waterqualitywill remainin effect,and no significantchangesto watersupplyreliability are expected.Therefore, the impactof TMI-2decommissioning on waterqualityis boundedby the GEIS.

Attachment TMr-13-156 Page18of25

4. Air Quality Thereare manytypesof decommissioning that havethe potentialto activities affectair quality.Theseactivities are listedin the GEISandevaluated fromthe perspective of the abilityto mitigateconsequences of activitiesthroughthe useof highefficiency particulate filters.In addition, the releaseof anyeffluentsmustbe controlled to keepcontaminated materialwithin the NRC'sregulatory limits.For the purposesof assessing radiological impacts,impactsare of smallsignificance if dosesand releasesdo notexceedlimitsestablished by the NRC'sregulations.

GPUNdoesnotanticipate anyactivities beyondthoselistedin the GEISthat couldpotentially affectair quality. Therefore, the impactof the TMI-2 decommissioning on airqualityis boundedby the GEIS.

5. AquaticEcology GPUNdoesnotanticipate disturbance of landsbeyondthe currentoperational areasof the plant. No alteration to the shoresof the Susquehanna Riverwill occur.All activities withinthe currentoperational areasof the plant willbe conductedin accordance withrequiredpermits.Therefore, the impactsof decommissioning TMI-2on aquaticecologyare boundedby the GEIS.
6. TerrestrialEcology Terrestrial ecologyconsiders the plantsandanimalsin the vicinityof ThreeMile lslandas wellas the interaction of thoseorganisms witheachotherandthe environment.Evaluations of impactsto terrestrial ecologyare usuallydirectedat importanthabitatsandspecies,including plantand animalsthatare important to industry,recreational activities,the areaecosystems, and thoseprotectedby endangered speciesregulations and legislation.GPUNdoesnotanticipate activitiesto be conducted thatwoulddisturbhabitatbeyondthe operational areas of the plant. In addition,the Pennsylvania Department of NaturalResources controlsimpactsto the environment throughregulation of construction activities.

Therefore, the impactsof decommissioning TMI-2on terrestrial ecologyare boundedby the conclusions in the GEIS,whichconcludes the impactto be small.

7. Threatened and Endangered Species Of the stateor federallylistedendangered or threatened animaland plant species,onlythe baldeagle,the osprey,the peregrine falcon,andAmerican hollywereidentified to havea presenceon or nearthe island.

The baldeaglehas recentlybeenremovedfromthe endangered specieslistbut remainsprotectedby two otherfederallaws. The Baldand GoldenEagle ProtectionAct and the MigratoryBirdTreatyAct becameeffectivein 2007. Bald

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page19of25 eagleshavebecomerelatively commonalongthe Susquehanna Riverand have beenknownto nestin Dauphin,Lancaster, andYorkcounties.Occasionally they havebeenobservedon ThreeMilelsland,butthereare no knownnestson the island.Thereis a baldeaglenestlocatedapproximately 20 milessouth,near HoltwoodDam.

The Susquehannah Riverandthe associated environment andwetlandareasin the vicinityof ThreeMilelslandare usedby manymigratory and residentbird species.Ospreyand peregrine falconnestsare knownto occuron ThreeMile lsfand. Ospreyshavenestedon the meteorological towereveryyearsince2004.

A 55-footnestingplatformwas erectednearthe tower,but the ospreyshavenot usedit. Peregrine falconshavenestedon the TMI-1ReactorBuildingsince 2002. A nestboxdesignedfor peregrine falconswas placedon the TMI-2 reactorbuildingin 2002,butthe birdshavenot usedit. Exelonregularlymonitors the ospreyandthe peregrine falconnestson ThreeMilelsland.TheAmerican holly,state-listed as threatened, hasbeenrecordedon the TMI-1property.

Shouldthe situationchangeandthe identified speciesroutinelybe foundin or aroundanyof the TMI-2buildingsor property, it is GPUN'sintentto notifythe NRCandthe Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to evaluate the impactof decommissioning activities.

8. Radiological Occupational Dose It is anticipatedthat low-levelradioactive wasteremovedfromTMI-2will be disposedof at approvedwastedisposalsites,andthatthe disposalat local commercial landfillswill be minimized in favorof low-levelradioactive waste disposalto reducethe riskof inadvertent releaseof radiologicalmaterial.

Radiation doseto the publicis expectedto remainbelowlevelscomparable to whenTMI-2was operating, throughthe continued of radiation application protection and contamination controlscombinedwiththe reducedsourceterm availablein the facility.

It is anticipatedthatan occupational doseestimatefor the decommissioning of TMI-2willbe performed priorto the startof decommissioning activitiesbasedon confirmedcharacterization resultsof areacontamination and activitylevels.

Occupational dosewill be limitedto 5 rem/yeartotaleffectivedoseequivalent (TEDE)as requiredby 10 CFR20.1201(a)(1)(i), and is expectedto be administratively controlled to a lowerTEDElimitto ensurethatpersonnel doses do notexceedregulatory limits.lt is alsoanticipated thatadministrative practices will resultin equitabledistribution of doseamongavailable qualifiedworkers to ensurecollectivedoseto the workforceis keptALARA.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page20 of 25 The decommissioning activitiesdosewillbe maintained withinthe regulatory limits,and as such,is consistent andwithinthe conclusions of the GEIS

9. Radiological Accidents The likelihood of a largeoffsiteradiological releasethat impactspublichealthand safetywithTMI-2in the PDMSstateis considerably lowerthanthe likelihood of a releasefromthe plantduringpoweroperation.Thisis becausethe majorityof the potentialreleasesassociatedwith poweroperationare not relevantafterthe fuel has beenremovedfromthe reactor.

GEIS,Supplement 1 alsoconsiders the possibility of a zircalloyfire. This accidentis not relevantto TMI-2in the currentPDMSconditionwith approximately 99%of the fuelmaterialhavingbeenremovedfromthe siteand sentto INEEL.

The potentialfordecommissioning to resultin radiological activities releasesnot involving spentfuel (thatis, releasesrelatedto decontamination and dismantlement activities)will be minimized by useof procedures designedto minimizethe likelihood and consequences of suchreleases.

Therefore, GPUNconcludes thatthe impactsof decommissioning on radiological accidents are smalland boundedby the GEIS.

10. Occupational lssues GPUNwillcontinueto maintainappropriate administrative controlsand requirements to ensureoccupational hazardsare minimized andthatapplicable federal,stateand localoccupational safetystandards and requirements continue to be met. GPUNhasreviewedthe occupational hazardsand injuriesin the GEISandconcluded thattheyare not uniqueor differentthanactivities performed duringconstruction andcleanupof TMI-2.Therefore, the impactof decommissioning TMI-2on occupational issuesis boundedby the GEIS.

1 1 .C o s t Decommissioning costsfor TMI-2arediscussedin SectionlV of the PSDAR report.The GEISrecognizes thatan evaluation of decommissioning costis nota NationalEnvironmental PolicyAct requirement. Therefore, a boundinganalysis is notapplicable.

Attachment TMr-13-156 Page21 of 25 12.Socioeconomics Decommissioning of TMI-2is expectedto resultin positivesocioeconomic impacts.As TMI-2transitions fromthe PDMSstateto a unitundergoing decommissioning, the potential for localemployment to supportdecommissioning operations becomesavailable.

GPUNhas reviewedthe GEISand hasdetermined thatthe decommissioning of TMI-2is boundedby the GEISanalysisof socioeconomic effectson the shutdownanddecommissioning of an operatingunit.

13. Environmental Justice Executive Order12898,datedFebruary16, 1994,directsFederalexecutive agenciesto considerenvironmentaljustice underthe NationalEnvironmental PolicyAct. lt is designedto ensurethatlow-income and minoritypopulations do notexperience disproportionately highandadversehumanhealthor environmental effectsbecauseof federalactions.

Becausethe activities of the decommissioning plancreatethe potential for additional workopportunities, the decommissioning of TMI-2couldhavea positiveimpacton environmentaljustice by providing job opportunities for lower incomeor minoritypopulations aroundthe area.

The decommissioning activities are boundedby the evaluation of the post accidentcleanup activities relativeto socioeconomic andenvironmentaljustice.

GPUNconcludes thatthe employment opportunitiescreatedby decommissioning will havea positiveimpacton environmentaljustice andthat no furtherevaluation of detrimental impactsis required.

14.Cultural,Historic,andArcheological Resources The PEISmakesno mentionof cultural,historicor archeological resources on ThreeMilelsland.In addition,GPUNexpectsthatmostdecommissioning activitieswill be conductedwithinthe protectedareasof the site. As statedin the GEIS,wheredisturbance of landsbeyondthe operational areasis not anticipated, the impactson cultural,historicand archeological resources are not considered to be detectable or destabilizing. GPUNhasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning TMI-2on cultural,historic,andarcheological resources to be boundedby the GEIS.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page22 of 25 15.Aestheticlssues The impactof decommissioning activitieson aestheticresources will be temporaryand remainconsistent withthe aesthetics plant.After of an industrial the decommissioning processis complete, siterestoration will resultin activities structures beingremovedfromthe siteandthe sitebeingbackfilled, gradedand landscaped as needed.The removalof structures is generallyconsidered beneficial to the aestheticimpactof the site. Therefore, GPUNhasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning TMI-2on aestheticissuesis boundedby the GEIS.

16.Noise Generalnoiselevelsduringthe decommissioning processare notexpectedto be any moreseverethanduringrefuelingoutagesand are not expectedto presentan audibleintrusionon the surrounding community.Somedecommissioning activities mayresultin higherthannormalnoiselevels(thatis, sometypesof demolition activities).However,thesenoiselevelswouldbe temporaryand are not expected to presentan audibleintrusion on the surrounding community.Therefore, GPUN hasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning TMI-2on noiseis boundedby theGEIS.

17.Transportation The GEISstatesthatNRCregulations are adequateto protectthe publicagainst unreasonable riskfromthe transportation of radioactive materialandthatthe effectsof transportation of radioactivewasteon publichealthand safetyare considered to be neitherdetectable nordestabilizing. The NRCanalysisfurther determined thattheirconsideration of the existingdatafor decommissioning methodsandtransportation modesshouldboundthe transportation impactsfor all decommissioning optionsfor pressurized waterreactorsand boilingwater reactors.

Forthe decommissioning of TMI-2,the transportation modesassumedare shieldedcontainerremovalby railor truck. The reactorvesselinternal components are expectedto be transported in spentfuelcasksby rail. Other highlyradioactive wasteswillbe transported in shieldedcontainers via truck.

The majortransportmodefor wastegenerated fromfilteringanddemineralization of the reactorcoolantsystemand the fuel transferpoolwateris assumedto requireshipmentin shieldedtruckcasks.The low levelradioactive wastes requiringcontrolled disposalare expectedto be sentto a waste processor or a low-levelradioactive wastedisposalfacilityvia railroad.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page23 of 25 Thetransportation impactsof decommissioning are dependent on the numberof shipments to andfromthe plant,the typesof shipments, the distancethe materialis shipped,andthe radiologicalwaste/fixed wastequantities and disposalplans.The estimatednumberandvolumeof shipments fromthe plant will be muchsmallerthanshipments to the plantduringdecommissioning. The shipments fromthe plantwouldbe primarilyradioactive wastesand non-radioactive wastesassociated withdismantlement anddisposalof structures, systemsand components.

GPUNmustcomplywithapplicable regulations whenshippingradioactive waste, andthe NRChasconcludedin the GEISthattheseregulations are adequateto protectthe publicagainstunreasonable riskfromtransportation of radioactive materials.In addition,shipments of wastefromthe siteare notexpectedto result in measurable deteriorationof affectedroadsor a destabilizing increasein traffic density.

Therefore, GPUNhasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning TMI-2on transportation is boundedby the GEIS.

18. lrreversible and lrretrievableCommitment of Resources lrreversiblecommitments are commitments of resources thatcannotbe recovered,and irretrievable commitments of resourcesare thosethat are lost for onlya periodof time.

Uraniumis a naturalresourcethatis irretrievably consumedduringpower operation.Afterthe plantis shutdownuraniumis no longerconsumed.The use of the environment (air,water,land)is notconsidered to represent a significant irreversibleor irretrievableresourcecommitmentbut rathera relativelyshort-term investment.Sincethe decommissioning planis to releasethe sitefor unrestricted useafterlicensetermination, landis notconsidered an irreversible resource.The onlyirretrievable resources thatwouldoccurduring decommissioning wouldbe materialsusedto decontaminate the facility(for example,rags,solvents,gases,andtools)andthe fuel usedfor decommissioning activitiesandtransportation of materials to andfromthe site.

However, the useof theseresources is minor.

Therefore, GPUNhasconcluded thatthe impactof decommissioning TMI-2on irreversibleand irretrievable commitment of resources is bounded by the GEIS.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page24 of 25 Additional Considerations Whilenotquantitative, the followingconsiderations are alsorelevantto concluding thatdecommissioning activitieswill not resultin significant environmental impactsnot previously reviewed.

Significant cleanupof the TMI-2facilityhasalreadybeencompleted with approximately 99%of the fuelremovedandshippedto INEEL.

Decontamination hasbeencompleted to the extentthatfurthermajor decontamination programsare not justifiedon the basisof workerdose.

Priorto decommissioning, TMI-2willbe maintained in accordance withthe NRC approvedPDMSmodegovernedby the associated PDMSTechnical Specifications, PDMSQualityAssuranceProgram,and PDMSFinalSafety AnalysisReport.As such,TMI-2willbe maintained in a conditionof stabilityand safetysuchthatthereis minimalriskto publichealthandsafety.

Radiation protectiontechniques usedat the timeof decommissioning are expectedto improveovercurrentpractices andshouldensurereductionin occupational exposure.

Siteaccesscontrolprocesses duringdecommissioning are expectedto reduce the riskof public contamination dueto trespassing.

Conclusion Basedon the abovediscussion, the potentialenvironmental impactsassociated withdecommissioning TMI-2havealreadybeenpostulated in andwillbe boundedby the previously issuedenvironmental impact statements, specifically the PEIS,andthe GEISanditssupplement. Thisis principally dueto the followingreasons:

. The postulated impactsassociated withthe decommissioning method chosenhavealreadybeenconsidered in the PEISandthe GEIS, includingitssupplement.

o Thereare no uniqueaspectsof TMI-2or of the decommissioning techniques to be utilizedthatwouldinvalidate the conclusions reached in the PEIS,andthe GEISanditssupplement.

Attachment TMt-13-156 Page25 of 25 VII. REFERENCES

1. Pace,D. L. (GPUNuclear)to NRCletter,"Notification of Intentto Submita Post-Shutdown Decommissioning ActivitiesReport,"datedAugust14, 2012
2. Camper,L. W. (NRC)to Pace,D. L. (GPUNuclear)letter,"ThreeMilelsland NuclearStation,Unit2 (TMl-2)- Failureto SubmitPost-Shutdown Decommissioning ActivitiesReport- Non-cited Violation(Docket:05000320),'

datedFebruary13,2013

3. Masnik,M. T. (NRC)to Long,R. L. (GPUNuclear)letter,"lssuanceof AmendmentNo.45 for FacilityOperatingLicenseNo. DPR-73to Possession OnlyLicensefor ThreeMib lslandNuclearStationUnit2 (TACNo.

ML69115),"datedSeptember 14,1993

4. NUREG-0683, Supplement 3, "Programmatic Environmental lmpact StatementRelatedto Decontamination and Disposalof Radioactive Wastes ResultingfromMarch28, 1979AccidentThreeMilelslandNuclearStation, Unit2,"Supplement 3, datedAugust1989
5. TLG Services,Inc.,"Decommissioning CostAnalysisfor ThreeMilelsland Unit2," datedSeptember 2004
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