Regulatory Guide 4.9
| ML13038A108 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 12/31/1974 |
| From: | US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RG-4.009 | |
| Download: ML13038A108 (30) | |
December 1974 U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
REGULATORY
DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS
GUIDE
REGULATORY GUIDE 4.9 PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
REPORTS FOR COMMERCIAL URANIUM
ENRICHMENT FACILITIES
A. INTRODUCTION
"(1) fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as a trustee of the environment for suc-
1. Purpose ceeding generations:
"(2) assure for all Americans safe, healthful, The purpose of this guide is to provide assistance productive, and esthetically and culturally to applicants for the development of Environmental pleasing surroundings:
Reports addressed to the construction, operation, and "(3) attain the widest range of beneficial uses of decommissioning of uranium enrichment facilities. A the environment without degradation, risk uranium enrichment facility is defined as any facility to health or safety, or other undesirable and designed or used for the separation of the isotopes of unintended consequences:
uranium, except laboratory scale facilities designed or "(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and used for experimental or analytical purposes only. natural aspects of our national heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, an environment
2. National Environmental Goals which supports diversity and variety of individual choice:
Prior to die issuance of a license authorizing "(5) achieve a balance between population and uranium enrichment facility construction or operation, resource use which will permit high stan- the Atomic Energy Commission (Commission) dards of living and a wide sharing of life's is required to assess the potential environmental effects amenities: and of the proposed activities in order to assure that issuance "(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources of the license is consistent with the national environ- and approach the maximum attainable re- mental goals as set forth by the National Environmental cycling of depletable resources."
Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190). In order to obtain information essential to this assessment, the 3. Applicant's Environmental Reports Commission requires each applicant for a license to submit a report on the potential environmental impact Part 51 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations of the proposed plant and associated facilities. provides in §§51.20 and 51.21, quoted below, the The national environmental goals expressed by general requirements for Environmental Reports.
section 101(b) of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) are as follows: "51.20 Applicant's Environmental Report- Construction Permit Stage"
"... . it is the continuing responsibility of the "(a) Environmental Considerations. Each applicant'
Federal Government to use all practicable means, for a permit to construct a production or consistent with other essential considerations of utilization facility covered by §51.5(a) shall national policy, to improve and coordinate Federal submit with its application a separate document, plans, functions, programs, and resources to the entitled 'Applicant's Environmental Report- end that the Nation may- Construction Permit Stage,' which contains a USAEC REGULATORY GUIDES Copies of published guides may be obtained by request indicating the divisions desired to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20545, Regulatory Guides are issued to describe and make available to the public Attention: Director of Regulatory Standards. Comments and suggestions for methods acceptable to the AEC Regulatory staff of implementing specific parts of improvements in these guides are encouraged and should be sent to the Secretary the Commission's regulations, to delineate techniques .ed by the staff in of the Commission, US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20545, evaluating specific problems or postulated accidents, or to pcovide guidance to Attention: Docketing and Service Section.
applicants. Regulatory Guides are not substitutes for regulations and compliance with them is not required. Methods and solutions different from those set out in The guides are issued in the following ten broad divisions:
the guides will be acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings requisite to the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the Commission. 1. Power Reactors
6. Products
2. Research and Test Reactors
7. Transportation
3. Fuels and Materials Facilities 8. Occupational Health Published guides will be revised periodically, as appropriate, to accommodate 4. Environmental and Siting 9. Antitrust Review comments and to reflect new information or experience. 5. Materials and Plant Protection 1
0. General
description of the proposed action, a statement of alternatives shall be fully discussed with respect to its. purposes, and a description of the environment matters covered by such standards and require- affected, and which discusses the following ments irrespective of whether a certification or considerations: license from the appropriate authority has been obtained (including, but not limited to, any
"(1) the probable impact of the proposed action certification obtained pursuant to Section 401 of on the environment; the Federal Water Pollution Control Act 2 ). Such
"(2) any probable adverse environmental effects discussion shall be reflected in the cost-benefit which cannot be avoided should the analysis prescribed in paragraph (b). While proposal be implemented; satisfaction of Commission standards and criteria
"(3) alternatives to the proposed action; pertaining to radiological effects will be necessary
"(4) the relationship between local short-term to meet the licensing requirements of the Atomic uses of man's environment and the main- Energy Act, the cost-benefit analysis prescribed in tenance and enhancement of long-term paragraph (b) shall, for the purposes of NEPA,
productivity; and consider the radiological effects, together with the
'(5) any irreversible and irretrievable commit- other effects, of the facility and alternatives.
ments of resources which would be involved "(d) The information submitted pursuant to paragraph in the proposed action should it be (a)-(c) of this section should not be confined to implemented. The discussion of alternatives data supporting the proposed action but should to the proposed action required by para- include adverse data as well.
graph (a)(3) shall be sufficiently complete to "(e) In the Environmental Report required by para- aid the Commission in developing and graph (a) for light-water-cooled nuclear power exploring, pursuant to section 102(2)(D) of reactors, the contribution of the environmental NEPA, 'appropriate alternatives * *
- in any effects of uranium mining and milling, the proposal which involves unresolved conflicts production of uranium hexafluoride, isotopic concerning alternative uses of available enrichment, fuel fabrication, reprocessing of resources.' irradiated fuel, transportation of radioactive materials, and management of low level wastes and
"(b) Cost-Benefit Analysis. The Environmental Report high level wastes related to uranium fuel cycle required by paragraph (a) shall include a activities to the environmental costs of licensing cost-benefit analysis which considers and balances the nuclear power reactor shall be as set forth in the environmental effects of the facility and the [Table 4]. No further discussion of such alternatives available for reducing or avoiding environmental effects shall be required.
adverse environmental effects, as well as the environmental, economic, technical and other "This paragraph does not apply to any applicant's benefits of the facility. The cost-benefit analysis environmental report submitted prior to June 6, shall, to the fullest extent practicable, quantify the 1974.
various factors considered. To the extent that such factors cannot be quantified, they shall be "(f) Number of copies. Each applicant for a permit to discussed in qualitative terms. The Environmental construct a production or utilization facility Report should contain sufficient data to aid the covered by §51.5(a) shall submit 200 copies of Commission in its development of an independent the Environmental Report required by para- cost-benefit analysis. graph (a).
"(c) Status of Compliance. The Environmental Report "51.21 Applicant's Environmental Report- required by paragraph (a) shall include a discussion Operating License Stage of the status of compliance of the facility with applicable environmental quality standards and "Each applicant for a license to operate a requirements (including, but not limited to, production or utilization facility covered by applicable zoning and land-use regulations and the §51.5(a) shall submit with its application 200
thermal and other water pollution limitations, or copies of a separate document, to be entitled requirements promulgated or imposed pursuant to 'Applicant's Environmental Report-Operating the Federal Water Pollution Control Act) which License Stage,' which discusses the same matters have been imposed by Federal, State, regional, and described in §51.20 but only to the extent that local agencies having responsibility for environ- they differ from those discussed or reflect new mental protection. The discussion of alternatives information in addition to that discussed in the in the Report shall include a discussion whether final environmental impact statement prepared by the alternatives will comply with such applicable the Commission in connection with the construc- environmental quality standards and requirements. tion permit. The 'Applicant's Environmental The environmental impact of the facility and Report-Operating License Stage' may incorporate
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by reference any information contained in the to Federal agencies having jurisdiction by law or special Applicant's Environmental Report. or final envi- expertise or who are authorized to develop and enforce ronmental impact statement previously prepared environmental standards, and to the Governor or in connection with the construction permit. With appropriate State and local officials who are authorized respect to the operation of nuclear reactors, the to develop and enforce environmental standards of any applicant, unless otherwise required by the affected State. Comments on the report and the draft Commission, shall submit the 'Applicant's Envi- statement are requested within a specified time interval.
ronmental Report-Operating License Stage' only The draft statement is made available to the general in connection with the first licensing action that public in the same manner as is the Report.
would authorize full power operation of the As described in detail in § § 51.22 through 51.26 facility." of 10 CFR Part 51, the Regulatory staff considers the comments on the report and on the draft statement
4. Federal Water Pollution Control Act received from the various Federal, State, and local agencies and officials, from the applicant, and from As provided in an "Interim Policy Statement," private organizations and individuals and prepares a published in the Federal Register January 29, 1973 (38 "Final Environmental Statement." The final statement is FR 2679), the Federal Water Pollution Control Act transmitted to the Council on Environmental Quality (FWPCA) Amendments of 1972 (Pub. Law 92-500, 86 and is made available to appropriate Federal, State. and Stat. 816) affect the Commission's responsibilities under local agencies and State, regional, and metropolitan the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). clearinghouses. A public announcement is issued and a The Commission's NEPA responsibilities will be notice of availability is published in the FederalRegister.
modified as various implementing actions are taken Subsequent hearings and action as described in under the FWPCA, and appropriate changes will be made Subpart D, "Administrative Action and Authorization;
in this guide. However, since the Commission will, in any Public Hearings and Comment," of 10 CFR Part 51 on event, continue to evaluate environmental impact, the the environmental aspects involved in issuance of a basic scope and content of the information needed to construction permit or operating license are based on the prepare an environmental report, as set forth in this applicant's Environmental Report and on the Com- guide, will remain unchanged. mission's Final Environmental Statement (FES). The In cases where the proposed system in the Environmental Statement takes into account informa- application does not comply with thermal effluent tion from many sources, including the -applicant's limitations under Sections 301 and 306 of Pub. Law Environmental Report and its supplements, and the
92-500 and no disposition of any request for waiver comments of the various governmental agencies, the under Section 316(a) is expected until after issuance of a applicant, and private organizations and individuals.
construction permit, the Environmental Report should The applicant's Environmental Report is an clearly identify and provide supporting analysis for the important document of public record. Therefore, the most feasible alternative cooling system that would be applicant is urged to give full attention to its selected in the event the request for modification is completeness.
denied.
6. Preparation of Environmental Reports
5. Commission Action on Environmental Reports Part 51 provides general information concerning As provided in §51.50 "Federal Register notices; the content of an applicant's Environmental Report. To distribution of reports; public announcements; public provide specific and detailed guidance, the following comment," of 10 CFR Part 51, the Commission places a "Standard Format and Content of Environmental copy of each applicant's Environmental Report in its Reports for Commercial Uranium Enrichment Facilities"
Public Document Room in Washington, D.C. and in a has been prepared.
local public document room near the proposed site. The If any topics in this guide relate to information Report is also made available to the public at the not available at the time the environmental report is appropriate State, regional, and metropolitan clearing- prepared, the applicant should indicate when the houses. At the same time, a public announcement is information will be available. A number of the topics issued and a summary notice is published in the Federal may apply only in part, or not at all. The applicant Register. should apply the guidelines for preparation of the The applicant's Environmental Report, relevant Report as is appropriate to the type of plant being published information, and any comments received from proposed and should identify any topic which is not interested persons are considered by the Regulatory staff relevant to the particular plant being proposed.
in preparing a "Draft Environmental Statement" . The "Applicant's Environmental Report- concerning the proposed licensing action. The Regula- Operating License Stage" should contain proposed tory staff s draft statement and the applicant's environmental technical specifications. These will define environmental report are transmitted for information to the operating conditions important to the protection of the Council on Environmental Quality, and for comment the environment and specify monitoring programs and
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administrative procedures and controls necessary to plant in conjunction with the effects of these other assure compliance. Guidance for preparation of these facilities.
environmental technical specifications will be furnished by the Regulatory staff to the applicant. B. STANDARD FORMAT AND CONTENT OF
Descriptive or narrative text as well as tables, ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS FOR COMMERCIAL
charts, graphs, etc. should be used in the Report. Each URANIUM ENRICHMENT FACILITIES
subject should be treated in sufficient depth to pennit the Commission to evaluate independently the extent of Summary the environmental impact. In cases where test results are needed to support conclusions, information on test data, The intent of this section, which should precede procedures, techniques, and equipment used to perform the body of the report, is to provide a summary of the tests should be supplied wherever contributory to the pertinent data, narrative, and evaluation included in the clarity of the Report. Descriptive and narrative passages applicant's Environmental Report. This summary would should be brief and concise. be used by organizations, individuals, and the general Pertinent published information relating to the public whose primary interest is to rapidly assimilate the site, the plant, and its surroundings should be significant features and conclusions of the Report in referenced. Where published information is essential to order to ascertain whether the applicant has complied evaluate specific environmental effects of the proposed wvith NEPA as implemented by the Commission's activities, it should be included verbatim or in summary regulations in 10 CFR Part 51. This summary, preferably form in the Environmental Report or as an appendix to in tabular form, should include the following in- the Report. formation:
Some of the information to be included in the 1. A concise description of the significant Environmental Report may have already been prepared characteristics of the proposed uranium enrichment by the applicant during consideration of the safety facility, including the major site features and the major aspects of the proposed plant. In such cases, this plant design and operating parameters.
information (in the form of text, tables, or figures) 2. A comparison of alternative site and plant should be incorporated in the Environmental Report, designs as extracted from the material prepared in where appropriate, in order to provide a complete Section 7.
document. 3. A listing of significant effects of the proposed The site and surroundings of a uranium enrich- plant as extracted from the benefit-cost analysis of ment facility may already contain other sources of Chapter 8 and the conclusions drawn from weighing the environmental impact, including other plants which aggregate of these effects. This should include both V -.
utilize chemical or radioactive materials. In preparing the adverse and beneficial environmental and socioeconomic Environmental Report relating to such a plant, the impacts which would occur should the proposal be applicant should consider the effects of the proposed implemented.
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Chapter 1 3 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ,'4
1.1 Background Information If other objectives are to be met by the proposed plant, such as obtaining commercial and technical In this section, the applicant should discuss the experience from the operation of a demonstration scope of its business, its location, and organizational facility, or from the performance of research and structure. The applicant should also identify the development, a description of these objectives should be architectural, engineering, and construction firms and given.
consultants that will be working on the project.
1.3 Proposed Project Schedule The applicant should present a proposed project
1.2 Need for Facility schedule showing, as a minimum, the dates for initiation of site preparation, plant construction, and operation.
The degree of enrichment and quantities of separative work that will be provided for domestic use 1.4 Previous Action on Application should be described, and a 20-year projection of national and foreign requirements for the services should be Significant prior actions by the applicant and the supplied. Alternative sources of supply of the proposed Commission or other government agencies with regard to plant's services should be discussed. the construction permit or operating license of this plant If delay of the proposed project would have or other, facilities on the proposed site which release effects on the nation's energy program or the applicant's effluents into the same environmental region as the business such as loss of contracts, jobs, future business, proposed plant should be briefly described in chronol- etc., these effects should be discussed. ogical order.
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Chapter 2 THE SITE
In this section, the applicant should present the use (agriculture, livestock raising, dairies, residences, basic relevant information concerning those physical, industries, recreation, transportation, etc.) should be biological, and human characteristics of the area indicated. A table which shows, for each sector, the environment that might bc affected by the construction distance from the plant to the nearest site boundary and and operation of a uranium enrichment facility on the the nearest residence should also be provided.
proposed site. To the extent possible, the information A description of the nature and a tabulation of the presented should reflect observations and measurements amounts of present water use (water supplies, irrigation, made over a period of years. reservoirs, recreation, etc.) within the plant site and out to a distance of five miles from the plant should be
2.1 Site Location and Layout provided.
The locations of other industrial facilities, The applicant's rationale for the selection of the including other proposed or existing nuclear facilities, geographical region in which the proposed uranium should be noted on the maps. Effluents from these enrichment facility is to be located should be discussed. industrial facilities which could interact with the The information presented should include locations of proposed plant or with its effluents should be identified.
appropriate power sources, labor force, coolant water The degree of detail to be provided in this section availability, potential customers, sources of uranium will generally depend on the potential for interaction of feed and other specialized materials, methods of the plant and its surroundings. The applicant's transportation, company-related considerations, and evaluation may show that the facility will have special socioeconomic factors. environmental impact in areas more than five miles A map' should be provided showing the site and away, e.g., along a river. If this is the case, he should its location with respect to State, county, and other provide appropriate information about such areas.
political subdivisions. Other detailed maps should show the location of the limited access plant perimeter;
applicant's property; power sources and transmission 2.3 Regional Historic, Scenic, Cultural, lines; abutting and adjacent properties, including bodies and Natural Landmarks of water, wooded areas, and farms; nearby settlements;
industrial plants, parks, and other public facilities; and Areas valued for their historic, scenic, cultural, or transportation links (railroads, highways, airports, natural significance may be affected. The Environmental waterways). Report should include a brief discussion of the historic, The total site area owned by the applicant and scenic, cultural, and natural significance, if any, of the that part occupied by the plant should be indicated. site and nearby areas with specific attention to the sites Other existing and proposed uses of the site property and areas listed in the "National Register of Historic and the areas devoted to these uses should also be Places" 6 and the "National Registry of Natural indicated. Any plans for site modifications should be Landmarks." 7 Further guidance can be obtained from described. Contour maps that include plant location the National Park Service publication, "Preparation of should also be supplied. Environmental Statements: Guidelines for Discussion of Cultural (Historic, Archeological, Architectural) Re-
2.2 Regional Demography and Land and Water Use sources," August 1973.8 Also, the applicant should discuss his consultation with the appropriate State A map that covers the area within a 5-mile radius Liaison Officer for Historic Preservation 9 concerning centered at the proposed plant location and indicates all properties under consideration for nomination to the.
inhabited locations should be provided. This map should "National Register of Historic Places." The Environ- have circles with radii of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 miles (centered mental Report should contain evidence of contact with at the plant location), and each circle should be divided the Historic Preservation Officer for the State involved into 22.50 sectors, with each sector centered on one of and a copy of his comments concerning the effect of the each of 16 compass points (N, NNE, NE, etc.). The undertaking on historic, archaeological, and cultural permanent and transient populations within each of the resources. In addition, the Report should indicate sectors formed by the concentric circles and the radial whether or not the site has any archaeological lines should be estimated and tabulated for the last year significance and explain how the conclusion was in which affected populations were not influenced by. reached. If such significance or value is present, plans to the proposed activities and for the census years through ensure its preservation should be described.
the anticipated life of the plant. It should be stated whether new transmission lines, Tables should be included giving population and roads, pipelines, and utilities to be constructed in visitor statistics of neighboring schools, plants, hospitals, support of the proposed project will pass through or sports facilities, residential areas, parks, etc. within five near any area or location of known historic, scientific, miles of the plant. The nature and extent of present land cultural, natural, or archaeological significance.
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2.4 Geology isopleths of temperature or chemical and radioactive con tamin ants.
A description of the major geological aspects of For systems involving forms of water storage, the the site and its immediate environs should be provided. applicant should provide the surface areas, flow rates (in The level of detail presented should be appropriate to and out), evaporation, percolation, and net volumes. The the proposed plant design. For example, if holding applicant should provide data concerning any drawdown ponds are to be created, a detailed description of soil of ground water caused by withdrawals from neighbor- and bedrock types, etc. should be provided. Except for ing major industrial and municipal wells and how they those specific features that are relevant to the may result in the transport of material from the site to environmental impact assessment, the discussion may be these or other wells.
limited to noting the broad features and general The manner in which volumes and areas of characteristics of the site and environs (topography, affected water bodies change with expected seasonal and stratigraphy, soil and rock types). other level functions should be included. Monthly values of these parameters should be presented as a minimum;
daily or shorter increments should be provided where
2.5 Hydrology they are important in determining the basis for evaluation of environmental effects. Where a stream or The effects of plant construction and operation on other water body is to be used by the plant, the adjacent surface and ground waters are of prime observed or estimated 7-day, once-in-ten-years low flow importance. The applicant should describe, in quantita- should be presented. Additionally, the period-of-record tive terms, their physical, chemical, biological, and drought flow sequence, transposed to the plant intake, hydrological characteristics, their typical seasonal ranges should be provided where water supply availability may and averages, and their historical lows and highs. The be questionable.
hydrological parameters include temperature, flow rate, Vertical and areal variations of affected water stage, water table altitude above the mean sea level, bodies should be established in the vicinity of the site as chemical or saline stratification, tides, floods, currents, a basis for evaluating any proposed mixing zones.
wave action, flushing times, and, if significant to the Where features of a proposed plant such as establishment of a long-term water supply, a forecast of artificial lakes and canals create artificial conduits for other competing uses for water available from flow of ground waters between and among aquifers, the framework studies of the appropriate basin commission applicant should furnish sufficient site-specific detail to or planning agency having purview. This information justify his evaluation of the effects of construction and should be provided only for those waters that may affect operation of the plant on established ground water plant effluents and plant water supply or that may be tables and usage.
reasonably assumed to be affected by the construction or operation of the plant.
The applicant should include a description of 2.6 Meteorology significant tributaries above and below the site and the pattern and gradients of drainage in the area. Where The following data on site meteorology should be pollution exists, the applicant should identify, to the presented: (a) diurnal and monthly averages and extent possible, the source of the pollutants, the nature extremes of temperature, dewpoint, and humidity;
of the pollutants (e.g., chemical species, physical (b) monthly wind characteristics and all height(s) at characteristics such as color, temperature, etc.), the which wind characteristics data are applicable or have range of concentrations involved, and the time variations been measured, including speeds and directions and their in release, if any. Note that information relating to water frequencies and joint frequencies of wind speed, stability characteristics should include measurements, to the category, and wind direction; (c) precipitation; (d) fre- extent possible, made on or in close proximity to the quency of occurrence and effects of storms accompanied site. by high-velocity winds including tornadoes and hurri- For plants proposing once-through cooling, the canes. In item (b), the joint wind speed-stability- relevant monthly maxima, minima, and averages of flow direction frequencies should be presented in tabular and water quality, based on not less than 10 years of form; the frequencies should be given as fractions when record and preferably 25 years or longer, should be using 5-year National Weather Service (formerly U.S.
presented for the water bodies that may be affected by Weather Bureau) summaries' 0 or as the number of construction or operation of the plant. Supplemental occurrences when using only one or two years of onsite data should be supplied for site-specific reaches of data. The data should be presented for each of 16 repeiving water that relate to each other the current compass directions, and the stability categories should speed and direction, tidal stage or water surface be established to conform as closely as possible to those elevation, or other periodic changes. These data, to be of Pasquill.1 collected by onsite measurement wherever possible, are Coverage should also include a discussion of necessary to develop a systematic evaluation of the climatology, existing levels of air pollution and their interaction of the proposed releases with the receiving effects on plant operations, the relationship of the water and to permit establishment of distributional meteorological data gathered on site to the data gathered
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on a regional basis, and the impact of the local terrain or near the site and their relative (qualitative)
and large lakes and other bodies of water on abundances. The applicant should identify the "im- meteorological conditions in the area. Attention should portant" species from this list and discuss in detail their be directed to the meteorological situation on a regional quantitative abundances. The discussion should include basis. species that migrate through the area or use it for At the time of construction permit application, breeding grounds. A map that shows the distribution of applicants proposing a wet, dry, or wet-dry cooling the principal flora communities should be provided.
tower as the principal heat sink should furnish The discussion of species-environment relation- appropriate summaries of joint humidity data along with ships should include descriptions of area usage (e.g.,
the joint wind speed, stability category, and wind habitat, breeding, etc.) for important species; it should direction frequencies for heights related to the include life histories of important regional animals and estimation of cooling tower moisture dispersion in order aquatic organisms, their normal seasonal population to provide a basis for the estimation of the impact of fluctuations, and their habitat requirements (e.g.,
tower operation on the environment. If the applicant thermal tolerance ranges); and it should include does not have the detailed site-specific meteorological identification of food chains and other interspecies data described above, he may present information relationships, particularly when these are contributory applicable to the general site area from the National to predictions or evaluations of the impact of the Weather Service or other authoritative source. enrichment plant on the regional biota.
The applicant should identify any definable
2.7 Ecology preexisting environmental stresses from sources such as pollutants, as well as any ecological conditions suggestive In this section, the applicant should describe the of such stresses. The status of ecological succession flora and fauna in the vicinity of the site, their habitats, should be described. The applicant should discuss the and their distribution. This initial inventory will reveal histories of any infestations, epidemics, or catastrophes certain organisms which, because of their importance to (caused by natural phenomena') that have had a the community, should be given specific attention. A significant impact on regional biota.
species is "important" (for the purposes of this Guide) if Ambient noise data acquired in communities a specific causal link can be identified between the surrounding the proposed site should be reported, where facility and the species and if one or more of the appropriate.
following criteria applies: (a) the species is commercially The information requested in this section should or recreationally valuable, (b) the species is threatened be presented in two separate subsections, the first or endangered,1 2 (c) the species affects the well-being of entitled "Terrestrial Ecology" and the second, "Aquatic -4 some important species within criteria (a) or (b), or Ecology." The sources of information should be (d) the species is critical to the structure and function of identified. As part of this identification, the applicant the ecological system or is a biological indicator of should present a list of any published material dealing radionuclides in the environment. with the ecology of the region. The applicant should The initial inventory should establish the identity locate and describe any ecological or biological studies of the majority of terrestrial and aquatic organisms on of the site or its environs now in progress.
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Chapter 3 THE PLANT
The uranium enrichment plant should be described daily quantity of all plant effluents. Flow rates should in this section. Since the environmental effects are the be given for the design capacity of the plant. The primary concern of the report, the plant effluents and individual radionuclides that are expected to be related systems that interact with the environment contained in solid waste and in gaseous and liquid should be described in particular detail. effluents should be specified. Transuranics and fission products should be given special attention if uranium from reactor fuel reprocessing is to be used. The
3.1 External Appearance quantities of nonprocess effluents such as laundry and sanitary wastes should be estimated, and pollutant A general description of the site and the plant concentrations, oxygen demand, and other relevant data facilities should be provided. The description should be should be given. This section should also provide data, accompanied by a site plan showing the plant perimeter using diagrams if possible, on the intake quantity, and the size and location of all plant buildings, chemical consumption, and discharge of water. The estimated and waste storage areas, settling ponds, substations, and temperatures of all liquid effluents should be provided.
cooling towers. The location and evaluation of all release Also, data on the usage of electric power, natural gas, points for gaseous and liquid wastes should be shown. A etc. for operation of the plant at its design capacity plant profile should be shown to scale by line drawings should be supplied.
or other illustrative techniques.
The applicant should provide an assessment of the 3.3 Waste Confinement and Effluent Control visual effects of the plant on nearby cultural, scenic, historic, and recreation areas. The assessment should The equipment and design features which have include drawings of the proposed facility and its been incorporated into the plant to reduce the release of surroundings if visible from these nearby areas. The gaseous and liquid effluents to limits specified in number of people affected per year by the change in applicable regulations and in accordance with the "as landscape should be estimated. low as practicable" requirements or to conserve The architectural design and efforts to make the depletable resources should be described. This section structures and grounds aesthetically pleasing should be should include a comprehensive description of the noted. building and process effluent systems, for example, the ventilation systems; liquid recycle systems; liquid
3.2 Plant Operation collection, treatment, and disposal systems; and solid collection, recovery, packaging, transportation, and The operations comprising uranium enrichment disposal and storage systems. The expected quantities should be described in sufficient depth both qualita- and concentrations of all materials, both prior to tively and quantitatively to permit the identification of treatment and upon release to the environment, should all sources of radioactive and nonradioactive wastes and be tabulated. The expected concentration peaks as well effluents. The description should include flow diagrams as annual averages should be estimated. Supporting and tables, if necessary, which indicate major process information should be provided regarding the effective- equipment, chemical reactants, intermediate products, ness of each system to control the effluents at the stated final products, and the origin, form, concentration, and levels.
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Chapter 4 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION,
PLANT CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION
The preparation of the site and the construction 4.1 Effects of Site Preparation and operation of a uranium enrichment facility and and Plant Construction related facilities will inevitably affect the environment;
some of the effects will be adverse and some will be The applicant should organize the discussion in beneficial. Effects are considered adverse if environ- terms of the effects of site preparation and plant mental change provides an added stress that lessens a construction on (a) land use and (b) water use. The desirable characteristic of an important biotic popula- applicant should consider consequences to both human tion or natural resource (e.g., safety, health, abundance, and wildlife populations and indicate which are productivity, aesthetics), if the change provides an added unavoidable, reversible, etc., according to the categoriza- stress that tends to lower the quality of renewable tion set forth earlier in this chapter.
resources or to impair the recycling of depletable resources, or if the change provides an added stress that
4.1.1 Land Use reduces the diversity and variety of individual choice, the standard of living, or the extent of sharing life's In the land-use discussion, the applicant should amenities. Effects are considered beneficial if they describe how construction activities may disturb the enhance the characteristics just enumerated.
existing terrain and wildlife habitats. Consideration The applicant's discussion of adverse environ- should be given to the effects of such activities as mental effects should make clear which of these are construction of power transmission towers, excavation considered unavoidable and subject to later amelioration and filling, creation of building material supply areas, and which are regarded as unavoidable and irreversible.
construction of temporary or permanent roads, and Those effects which represent an irretrievable com- disposal of trash and wastes. The applicant should mitment of resources should receive detailed considera- indicate the proximity of human populations and tion in Sections 4.1 and 4.2. (In the context of this identify undesirable impacts on their environment discussion, "irretrievable commitment of resources"
arising from noise and from inconvenience due to means a permanent impairment of natural resources, movement of men, material, and machines, including e.g., loss of wildlife habitat; destruction of nesting, activities associated with any provision of housing, breeding, or nursing areas; interference with migratory transportation, and educational facilities for workers and routes; loss of valuable or aesthetically treasured natural their families. A schedule of the estimated work force to areas.) be involved in site preparation and plant construction Measures planned to reduce any undesirable should be presented for each year of site preparation and effects of the total project on the environment should be construction. Any expected changes in accessibility of described in detail. historical and archaeological sites in the region should be The impacts of construction and operation of the described.
proposed plant should be, to the fullest extent Measures designed to mitigate or reverse unde- practicable, quantified and systematically presented. In sirable effects, such as erosion control, dust stabilization, the discussion of each impact, the applicant should make landscape restoration, control of added vehicular clear whether the supporting evidence is based on traffic, and restoration of affected animal habitat, theoretical, laboratory, onsite, or field studies under- should be discussed.
taken on this or previous occasions The source of each The discussion should also include any effects of impact and the population or resource affected should site preparation and plant construction activities whose be made clear. The impacts on water, air, land, and biota consequences may be beneficial to the region.
should be distinguished, and any changes which may be brought about in the ecological system due to these impacts should be defined. 4.1.2 Water Use The applicant should discuss the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and The water use discussion should describe the the maintenance and enhancement of long-term impact of site preparation and construction activities on productivity. As used in this Guide, "short-term" may area water sources. The applicant should describe the be taken to refer to the facility life through effects of these activities on fish and wildlife resources, decommissioning and "long-term" to time periods water quality, water supply, aesthetics, and other extending beyond this life. The applicant should assess characteristics, as applicable. Measures to mitigate the cumulative and long-term effects of the action from undesirable effects, such as pollution control, erosion the point of view that each generation is trustee of the control, and other procedures for environmental environment for each succeeding generation. protection, should be described.
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4.2 Effects of Plant Operation nearest existing residence in the direction of the prevailing wind. Annual average meteorological con- The applicant should organize this section to ditions for the sectors of concern should be assumed.
describe those impacts in terms of the radiological, Locations and evaluations of points of release and chemical, biological, and any other effects that plant receptors used in calculations should be identified.
operation may have on human population and important The applicant should estimate uptake of radio- biota. He should indicate which of these impacts are nuclides by important biota and associated doses.
unavoidable, reversible, etc. The parameters of plant Deposition of radioactive materials on surrounding land operation which may be capable of producing an surfaces should be estimated. Estimates of annual whole undesirable impact should be tabulated along with the body and significant organ dose commitments to an limits that are not to be exceeded under normal individual (itrerm) received via potential pathways operating conditions. The actions planned in the event should be provided.
the limits are exceeded should be discussed. An appendix describing the models used in all of All projected impacts of plant operation should be tie above calculations should be provided.
compared with any relevant standards or criteria established by the Commission, EPA, the State, or other 4.2.1.3 Summary of Radiation Dose Commit- government agencies. ments. The applicant should present a table that summarizes the estimated annual radiation dose
4.2.1 Effects of Ionizing Radiation commitments to individuals and to the population within five miles of the site. The tabulation should The applicant should consider the radiological include the annual whole body dose commitments to the effects of normal plant operation on man and important population (man-rem) from all receiving-water-related biota in this section. Estimates of the radiological impact and gaseous pathways.
on man via various exposure pathways should be provided. The various pathways should be identified and 4.2.2 Effects of Chemical Discharges described in textual and flowchart format. The critical nuclide and critical exposure pathway should be In this section, the quantities and specific identified. concentrations of nonradioactive wastes in gaseous and liquid effluents at the point of discharge and in the plant
4.2.1.1 Liquid Effluents. The applicant should environs should be compared with Federal and State air estimate the expected annual average concentrations of and water quality standards, Occupational Safety and radionuclides (listed in Section 3.3) in receiving water at Health Administration standards, or other published locations where water is consumed or otherwise used by standards and should be compared with the ambient human beings or where it is inhabited by biota of quantities and concentrations which prevail prior to significance to human food chains. The dilution factors plant operation. Particular attention should be given to used in preparing the estimates and the locations where releases of fluorine and its compounds. The specific the dilution factors are applicable should be specified. points and modes of release, such as holding ponds, The applicant should estimate uptake of radio- cooling towers, etc., should be identified and discussed.
nuclides by important biota and associated doses. The The projected effects of the effluents in terms of applicant should determine the expected radionuclide perception, adverse response or chronic exposure of concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial organisms important biota (including any long-term buildup in significant to human food chains. Bioaccumulation soils, sediments, and important biota) should be factors used should be referenced. identified and discussed. The projected effects of the Using the above information and any other effluents on man-made structures should be identified necessary supporting data, the applicant should estimate and discussed, taking into consideration such factors as the annual whole body and significant organ dose increased electrochemical corrosion and direct or commitments (mrem) to individuals in the population indirect chemical attack. Dilution and mixing of (discussed in Section 2.2) from all receiving~water- discharges in the receiving environs should be discussed related exposure pathways, i.e., all sources of internal in detail, and estimates of concentrations at various and external exposure. Details and models of the distances from the point of discharge should be calculation should be provided as an appendix. provided. The effects on ground water should be included.
4.2.1.2 Airborne Effluents. From release rates of airborne radioactive material and meteorological data 4.2.3 Effects of Operation of the Heat Dissipation
(.see Sections 2.6 and 3.2), the applicant should estimate System annual whole body and significant organ dose commitments (mreem) to individuals exposed at the Waste heat alters the thermal conditions of the point of maximum ground-level concentrations offsite, environment. Since the heat transfer is usually effected individuals exposed at the site boundary in the direction through the surface of a river, pond, lake, estuary, or of the prevailing wind, and individuals exposed at the ocean or by the evaporation of water in a cooling tower,
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the meteorology and hydrology of the environment and Any effects of passage through the heat dissipation the aquatic ecology are of primary importance in system on zooplankton, phytoplankton, meroplankton, determining what effects the released heat will have on and small nektonic fomns such as immature fish and the the aquatic environment. resultant implications for the important species and functional groups should be discussed.
4.2.3.1 Effluent Limitations and Water Quality The applicant should discuss the potential Standards. The applicant should describe applicable biological effects of modifying the natural circulation of guidelines and the thermal standards or limitations the water body, especially if water is withdrawn from applicable to the water source (including maximum one region or zone and discharged into another. This permissible temperature, maximum permissible increase, discussion should consider such factors as the alteration mixing zones, and maximum rates of increase and of the dissolved oxygen and nutrient content and decrease) and whether and to what extent these distribution in the receiving water, as well as the effects standards or limitations have been approved by the of scouring and suspended sediments. Where natural Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency salinity is modified by plant water flow, the effects in accordance with the Federal Water Pollution Control should be quantitatively investigated.
Act, as amended. The applicant should indicate whether Plant-induced changes in the temperature of the the discharge could affect the quality of the waters of discharged water subsequent to environmental stabiliza- any other State or States. tion can affect aquatic life in the receiving body.
Accordingly, the applicant should discuss the possible
4.2.3.2 Physical Effects. The applicant should effects of operational changes (and other temporary describe the effect that the heated effluent will have on related conditions), including the dependence of effects the temperature of the receiving body of water with on the season in which the changes occur.
respect to space and time. Changes in temperature
4.2.3.4 Effects of Heat Dissipation Facilities. The caused by drawing water from one depth and discharging applicant should discuss the expected effects of heat at another should be described. Any model studies and dissipation facilities such as cooling towers, lakes, spray calculations that have been performed to determine ponds, or diffusers on the local environment and on these characteristics should be discussed, and references agriculture, housing, highway safety, recreation, air and to reports that provide supporting details should be water traffic, airports, etc. with respect to meteoro- included. Details of calculational methods used in logical phenomena, including fog, icing, precipitation predicting thermal plume configurations should be given modification, humidity changes, cooling tower blow- in an appendix to the report. The results should be portrayed in graphic form, showing isotherms in three down and drift, and noise. Where cooling towers are dimensions for a range of conditions which form the considered either as a design basis or as an alternative, the discussion should include estimates of the basis for the estimation of ecological impact.
dimensions of the visible plume under various stability Where releases are determined to be affected by tides and winds, a probability rose relating directions, classes (Pasquill) and the probability distribution of extent of modification, and time should be included. wind directions, air temperature, and humidity expected for the site. If fog clouds or icing may occur, the Both a daily and an annual probability rose should be estimated hours per year, distances, and directions developed where tides are operative.
should be presented, along with transportation arteries (including navigable waters) potentially affected and
4.2.3.3 Biological Effects. The applicant should measures to mitigate such effects. Possible synergistic describe the effects of released heat on marine and effects that might result from mixing of fog or drift with freshwater life and should give the basis for the other effluents in the atmosphere should be considered.
prediction of effects. In this discussion, appropriate (Environmental effects of chemicals discharged from references to the baseline ecological data presented in cooling tower blowdown and drift should be discussed in Section 2.7 should be made. Expected thermal effects section 4.2.2.)
should be related to the optimum and tolerance In addition to the meteorological effects noted, temperature ranges for important aquatic species (as other local environmental impacts may occur. These defined in Section 2.7) and the food base which should be described. For example, if a cooling pond or supports them. The evaluation should consider not only lake is created or where ground water is a source of the mixing zone, but also the entire regional aquatic station water supply, the effects on ground water may habitat potentially affected by operation of the be substantial; consequently, the alteration of water proposed plant. table levels, recharge rates, and soil permeability should Potential hazards of the cooling water intake and be discussed.
discharge structures to fish species and food base organisms should be identified, and steps planned to 4.2.4 Effects of Sanitary and Other Waste Discharges measure and minimize the hazards should be discussed.
Diversion techniques should be discussed in the light of The applicant should describe and discuss the information obtained from ecological studies on fish environmental impact associated with sanitary and other population, size, and habitats. waste systems.
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4.2.5 Other Effects the plant's useful life. Information should be provided on the long-term uses of the land; the amount of land The applicant should discuss any effects of plant irretrievably committed, if any; the expected environ- operation that do not clearly fall under any single topic mental consequences of decommissioning; and an of Sections 4.2.1 through 4.2.4. These may include estimate of the monetary cost involved discounted to changes in land and water use at the plant site, present value.
interaction of the plant with existing or projected The applicant should also discuss the consideration neighboring plants, disposal of solid and liquid wastes given in the design of the plant and its auxiliary systems other than those discussed in Sections 4.2.1 through relative to eventual decommissioning, the amount of
4.2.4, and other effects which tend to diminish the equipment and buildings to be removed, and the quality of the environment such as noise, visual impact, expected condition of the site after decommissioning.
or increased traffic. Where appropriate, these effects Since the environmental impact of terminating should be discussed in terms of applicable Federal, State, plant operation is, in part, determined by plant design.
and local standards and guidelines. applicants should give attention to the subject early in the project planning.
4.3 Resources Committed
4.5 Radioactive Material Movement The applicant should discuss any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources due to site The transportation of radioactive materials may preparation and plant construction and operation. This have environmental effects. In this section, the discussion should include both direct commitments and radioactive materials to be transported to and from the irreversible environmental losses such as destruction of site should be described.
wildlife habitat, removal of land from agricultural use, A description of the uranium feed to be used and and diversion of electrical power. the quantity to be shipped to and from the site each In this discussion, the applicant should consider year should be provided. The form of uranium feed, lost resources from the viewpoints of both relative enrichment (if recycled), total weight per shipment, impacts and long term net effects. As an example of expected form of packaging, and the estimated number relative impact assessment, the loss of a few members of of shipments per year should be discussed.
a given species could represent quite different degrees of The applicant should estimate the weight of the significance, depending on the total population in the enriched product to be shipped from the site each year, immediate region. Such a loss in the case of a small local the number of shipments per year, and the form of population would be less serious if the same species were packaging expected to be used.
abundant in neighboring regions. Similarly, the loss of a Estimates of the annual weight, volume, and given area of highly desirable land should be evaluated in activity of any radioactive waste materials to be shipped terms of total amount of such land in the environs. from the site should be provided. The applicant should These relative assessments should accordingly include categorize the wastes according to whether they are statements expressed in percentage terms in which the liquid, solid, or gaseous. Any processing required before amount of expected resource loss is related to the total shipment should be described.
resource in the immediate region and in which the total Tile applicant should provide a table of the in the immediate region is related to that in surrounding principal shipment categories, the types of trans- regions. The latter should be specified in terms of areas portation systems to be employed, and the estimated and distances from the site. vehicle miles for each category and transport mode for the first five full years of commercial operation.
The information supplied by the applicant will be
4.4 Decommissioning and Dismantling used by the Commission to estimate (per trip and per year) the radiological dosages, if any, to drivers, helpers, The applicant should describe his plans and and population along the transport route for uranium policies regarding the actions to be taken at the end of feed, enriched uranium, and radioactive wastes.
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Chapter 5 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
The applicant should discuss the environmental Using the derived source terms, the applicant effects of possible accidents which may occur at the should assess the environmental impact of each accident plant or during the transportation of materials to or in terms of exposure or damage to important biota and from the plant, including the transportation accidents the human population. Models used to describe the which produce an impact away from the site or its dispersion of hazardous materials should be explained or environs. referenced.
In evaluating the environmental risk from the
5.1 Uranium Enrichment Facility Accidents entire spectrum of accidents, it is not necessary to incorporate the highly conservative assumptions used in The applicant should analyze and present in evaluating design basis events in the Safety Analysis tabular form a spectrum of accidents involving both Report. The SAR analyses serve as bases for deriving chemical and radiochemical materials and ranging in performance requirements of engineered safety features, severity from trivial to very serious. and use of these analyses would result in substantial The following are examples of accidents that overestimate of environmental risk. For this reason, all should be considered: fluorine leak, scrubber failure, .accidents analyzed in the Environmental Report should compressor leak, power failure, water failure, fire, be evaluated realistically; that is, the expected explosion, criticality incident, and a rupture or valve consequences of a postulated accident should be failure of a UF 6 cylinder. The cause of each possible calculated.
accident should be provided, e.g., human error, The applicant should state the radiological and equipment failure, utility failure, flood, earthquake, or chemical standards which have been utilized to judge the tornado. To the extent possible, each accident should be consequences of the spectrum of accidents analyzed.
characterized according to probability of occurrence. In the case of airborne releases, the applicant The source terms applicable to the analyses of the should use dispersion factors (x/Q) based on the onsite accidents should be derived as follows: meteorological data at the 50% probability leve
l. If no
1. Tabulate all chemicals and radiochemicals used site meteorological data are available, the appropriate I-
in the operation; values should be calculated using data from 5-year U.S.
2. List the physical form of each material, i.e., Weather Bureau Summaries"° or other authoritative liquid, gas, or solid; sources, provided applicability of these data to the site is
3. List the largest in-process and in-storage established.
inventory for each form of each material;
4. Estimate the magnitude of the accidents, including criticality incidents, and the quantities of 5.2 Transportation Accidents hazardous materials released as a consequence;
5. Specify those properties of each material that As in Section 5.1, the potential environmental are important with regard to its dispersability and its effects from a spectrum of transportation accidents effects, e.g., particle size distribution, solubility, involving radioactive and nonradioactive materials concentration, and radionuclide distribution. should be evaluated. Even though the probability of After compiling the above tabulation, the such an accident may be low and its consequences small, applicant should subject each hazardous material the applicant should identify the environmental effects inventory to the assumed accidents and, taking credit for that might result. Adequate documentation should be installed enginered safety features, establish the source presented to provide assurance that all safety require- terms from those inventories that would yield the most ments will be met prior to transportation of radioactive damaging effects. and nonradioactive materials.
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Chapter 6 EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
AND MONITORING PROGRAMS
The purposes of this chapter are to describe the provide either extensive quotations or references to means by which the applicant should collect the baseline accessible secondary sources.1 3 In all cases, information data presented in other chapters and to describe the derived from published results should be clearly applicant's plans and programs for monitoring the distinguished from information derived from the environmental impacts of site preparation, plant applicant's field measurements.
construction, and plant operation. Analytical models may be used to predict the Section 6.1 is addressed to the measurement of dispersion of contaminants by surface or ground water preexisting characteristics of the site and the surround- or the atmosphere. Such models should be described and ing region. This program should establish a reference supporting evidence of their reliability and validity framework for assessing subsequent environmental presented.
effects attributable to the activity. The applicant's attention is directed to two considerations pertinent to 6.1.1 Water this section. First, the term "preexisting" refers to the characteristics of the site prior to plant construction and When surface or ground water may be affected by operation. A given characteristic or parameter may or the proposed activities, the applicant should describe the may not require assessment prior to site disturbance and programs by which the background condition of the plant construction, depending on whether that particular water was determined. In cases where a natural water characteristic may be altered at these stages. Second, in body has already been subjected to environmental stress most instances this guide indicates the specific from pollutant sources, the nature of the stress and its environmental effects that should be evaluated: con- consequences should be evaluated and the quality of the sequently, the parameters that should be measured will affected water body determined.
be apparent. In some cases, it may be necessary for the The properties and configuration of surface and applicant to establish a monitoring program based on his ground water should have been defined in sufficient own identification of potential or possible effects. In detail (in Section 2.5) to permit a reasonable projection such instances, the program should be explained. The of effects of the proposed activities on these water
,--*. applicant should carefully review the plans for bodies from an existing baseline. Methods for obtaining measurement of preexisting conditions to ensure that baseline information (oxygen demand, fluoride concen- these plans include all factors that should be monitored tration, etc.) should be described.
as discussed in Section 6.2.
The sampling program including frequency, 6.1.2 Air methodology, calibration and checks with standards, and instrumentation for collection and analysis should be The applicant should describe the program for discussed, as applicable. Information should be provided obtaining information on local air quality and local on instrument accuracy, sensitivity, and, especially' for meteorological conditions. The description should highly automated systems, reliability. Where standard present the methodology for gathering baseline data and analytical or other techniques are used, they need only show the basis for predicting the dispersion of gaseous be identified and referenced. effluents.
6.1 Applicant's Preoperational Environmental 6.1.3 Land Programs Data collection programs concerning the terrestrial The programs for collection of initial or baseline environment of the proposed facility should be environmental data prior to operation should be described and justified with regard to both scope and described in sufficient detail to make it clear that the methodology.
applicant has established a thorough and comprehensive approach to environmental assessment. The description 6.1.3.1 Geology and Soils. Those geological and of these programs should be confined principally to soil studies designed to determine the environmental technical description of technique., instrumentation, impact of the construction and operation of the plant scheduling, and procedures. Only those parameters that should be described. The description should include may be related to the construction and operating effects identification of the sampling pattern and justification of the plant should be monitored. for its selection, the sampling method, holding periods Where information from the literature has been and preanalysis treatment, and analytic techniques.
used by the applicant, it should be concisely summarized and documented by reference to original data sources. 6.1.3.2 Land Use and Demographic Surveys. The Where the availability of original sources that support applicant should describe his program for identifying the important conclusions is limited, the applicant should actual land use in the site environs and for acquiring
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demographic data for the region as reported in Section 6.2.1.2 Environmental Monitorin
g. The applicant
2.2. Sources of information should be identified and should describe the operational surveillance program for their accuracy assessed. Methods used to forecast from radioactive materials in detail, with specific attention data and knowledge of planned developmental activities given to the types of samples to be collected, sampling should be described. locations and frequency, the analyses to be performed on each sample, and the criteria for investigating
6.1.4 Biota increases of concentration of material detected in the environs. The analytical sensitivity for each analysis and In this section the applicant should discuss the the schedule for reporting data collected from the program used to determine baseline ecological informa- surveillance program should be discussed. Rationale for tion on important biota (see Section 2.7). In addition, the choice of sampling locations, frequency, and types the programs for determining concentrations of chemical of samples to be collected should be presented.
pollutants and radioactive material in important biota should be noted. 6.2.2 Physical and Chemical Monitoring
6.1.5 Radiological Monitoring The applicant's operational and accident monitor- ing progranm for physical and chemical effects should be The preoperational radiological monitoring pro- described for both the effluent monitoring systems and gram should be described in detail, including types of the environmental monitoring program.
samples to be collected, sampling location and frequency, analyses to be performed, and analytical 6.2.2.1 Effluent Monitoring Systems. The appli- sensitivity. The discussion should include the rationale cant should describe the systems for monitoring liquid, for the choices of sampling sites, analyses, and gaseous, and solid chemical effluents. Monitoring frequencies. Review of this description will be aided if procedures prescribed by local, State, or Federal the applicant includes maps of sampling locations and a agencies as conditions of operation should be identified.
tabular summary of the program. The applicant should The sensitivity and reliability of the monitoring systems describe how he expects to extend the preoperational should be discussed.
program into the operational phase and in what manner the results of the preoperational program may be used to 6.2.2.2 Environmental Monitoring. The applicant affect the design of the operational program. should describe the operational surveillance program for chemicals with specific attention given to the types of
6.2 Applicant's Proposed Operational samples to be collected, sampling locations and frequency, the analyses to be performed on each sample, Monitoring Programs and the criteria for investigating increases of con- centration of material detected in the environs. The The applicant should present the proposed analytical sensitivity (detection threshold) for each operational and accident monitoring program for the analysis and the schedule for reporting data collected plant. Review of these descriptions will be facilitated if from the surveillance program should be discussed.
the applicant includes maps of observation sites and Rationale for the choice of sampling locations, tabular presentation or summary descriptions of such frequency, and types of samples to be collected should factors as frequency, types of samples, method of be presented.
collection, analytic method, preanalysis treatment, instrumentation, significance, and minimum sensitivities.
6.2.3 Meteorological Monitoring
6.2.1 Radiological Monitoring The applicant's program for monitoring meteoro- The applicant should describe the proposed logical phenomena during plant operation should be operational and accident monitoring systems and described. The information should include the locations programs. The description should include routine of observation stations, instrumentation, and frequency effluent monitoring, environmental monitoring, and a and duration of measurements on which the applicant discussion of their significance. intends to rely. The basis for each of the applicant's choices should be stated.
6.2.1.1 Effluent Monitoring Systems. The appli- cant should describe the systems to be used for monitoring radioactive liquid and gaseous effluents. The 6.2.4 Biota Monitoring sensitivity limits for detecting radioactivity correspond- ing to expected routine release rates and accident In the preoperational surveillance program, the conditions should be discussed. The effluent streams applicant should have established methodology for that will not be continuously monitored, if any, should determining the ecological characteristics of the region.
be identified. The rationale for the absence of such In principle, this methodology should be appropriate for monitoring should be provided. the subsequent monitoring program to be maintained
4.9-16
during plant operations. However, the applicant may which environmental measurement or monitoring choose to modify some aspects of his methodology in programs are carried out by public or other agencies not view of the requirement for protracted monitoring. Such directly supported by the applicant, these programs aspects may include frequency, observation sites, and so should be identified and discussed. Relevance of such forth. These should be described and justified. independent findings to the proposed facility should be described, and plans for exchange of information should
6.3 Related Environmental Measurement be presented. Agencies responsible for the programs and Monitoring Programs should be identified and to the extent possible, the procedures and methodologies employed should be When the applicant's site lies within a region for briefly described.
F
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Chapter 7 PLANT SITING AND DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
During the selection of a site and a specific plant several alternatives, all of which satisfy regulatory design, an applicant utilizes many criteria to choose criteria, he should discuss in detail the reasons, including among the various available alternatives. Some of these cost effectiveness, for choosing the particular design criteria are the result of management decisions while alterriative.
others are established to comply with local, State, and Some criteria, particularly those dealing with Federal regulatory requirements. In this section the environmental impacts, are not currently quantified applicant should tabulate the criteria used to evaluate because there is insufficient data on the effects of these alternative sites and designs and, in a side-by-side impacts. In such cases, the applicant should show the comparison, show the results of the evaluation. Table 1 incremental increase in cost for an incremental decrease presents several factors which should be considered in impact and should discuss how the alternative selected when comparing alternative sites. Table 2 lists several adequately fulfills the criteria.
environmental impacts which could lead to violation of Plant design alternatives that should be considered regulatory criteria and which should be considered when should include designs of the systems described in comparing alternative plant designs. Chapter 3, namely, the chemical, mechanical, and scrap Many regulatory criteria are specified in terms of processing operations; the building and process ventila- quantitative standards and several alternatives will satisfy tion systems; the waste handling systems; and the plant these standards. If the applicant makes a choice from utility systems.
TABLE 1 FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN COMPARING
ALTERNATIVE PLANT SITES
I. The physical characteristics of the area to be considered are the demographic, geological, hydrological, meteorological, and seismological conditions of the site and surrounding area.
2. Location of power sources and transmission lines.
3. Location of the major product market.
4. Location of the raw materials and components, sources of supply.
5. Availability of air, rail, roads, and water for transport of raw materials and supplies, finished products, and solid wastes.
6. Commitment of natural resources for site preparation and plant construction, including but not limited to the destruction or diminution of wildlife habitats, flora, woodlands, and marshlands.
7. Commitment of capital for site preparation and plant construction.
8. The cost of operating, including consideration of labor supply, prevailing regional wage rates, and other recurring or nonrecurring costs.
9. Availability of municipal services and facilities or, conversely, the cost of providing services such as health, education, housing, water treatment, and sewage treatment.
10. Requirements for relocating homes and families.
11. Existing and projected land-use and economic status of the community, i.e., rural, industrial, economically depressed; urban, industrial, stable; rural, agricultural, unstable, rural, recreational; etc.
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TABLE 2 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE USED
IN COMPARING ALTERNATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS
Source Population or Effect and Unit of of Impact Resources Affected Methods of Computation Measurea
1.1 Discharge of Water supply of Water quality may be impaired. Calculate the Acre-feet, %
chemicals to other users volume of water required to dilute chemical surface or releases to values called for by applicable standards ground water. or to values estimated as lethal to important species in receiving waters. Express the volumes required for adequate dilution as a percentage of the annual minimum value of the daily net flow and indicate hi .hest such percentage. Include the total solids if this is a limiting factor.
Fishb and wild- Water bodies and wetlands may be made Acres, pounds per life uninhabitable for fish and wildlife because of year (by species)
excessive concentrations of chemicals, a reduction in dissolved oxygen concentration, or a reduction in food resources. Calculate the area impaired by chemical discharges and estimate loss of fish and wildlife.
Plants Ground water contamination may affect trees and Acres deep-rooted vegetation. Estimate area affected and report separately by land use. Specify such uses as recreational, agricultural, and residential.
People Ground water contamination may affect nearby Gallons per year drinking water supplies. Compute annual loss of potable water.
Recreational water uses (boating, fishing, swim- Shoreline ming) may be inhibited. Using factors such as distance, stream cross section and annual minimum flow annual user-day characteristics, determine on the basis of the daily chemical discharge the surface area or feet of shoreline required for dilution of chemicals to accepted water quality standards. Based on annual number of visitors to the affected shoreline, estimate the number of lost user-days per year.
Any possible eutrophication effects should be estimated and included as a degradation of quality.
1.2 Discharge of Water supply of Watet quality may be impaired. Calculate the Percent radioactive other users concentration of each radionuclide at the point of materials to discharge and at approximately 1000-foot intervals surface or for a distance of I mile from the point of ground waters. discharge. On a percentage basis compare the calculated concentrations with the values given for aApplicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where convenient. Such a measure should be related quanti- tatively to the unit of measure shown in this table.
b",Fish" as used in this table includes shellfish and other aquatic invertebrates.
4.9-19
TABLE 2 (continued)
Source Population or Effect and Unit of of Impact Resources Affected Methods of Computation Measurea
1.2 (Cont'd) Water supply of each of the radio isotopes in 10 CFR Part 20,
other users Appendix B, Table II.
(Cont'd)
Plants, fish, Radionuclides discharged to surface waters or Rad per year wildlife, and which enter ground water supplies may reconcen- animals trate in plants, fish, wildlife, and animals. Estimate the uptake in different species and transfer between species. Sum dose contributions for radionuclides expected to be released.
People Radionuclides ingested with food and water will Rem, per year for add to natural background radiation. Estimate individuals and biological accumulation in foods and intake by man-rem per year for individuals and population groups. Sum dose population contributions for radionuclides ingested.
1.3 Water Agriculture Water may be withdrawn from agricultural usage Acre-feet and use of remaining water may be degraded. per year.
Calculate the volume of irrigation water with- drawn and the volume of dilution water required to reduce the dissolved solids concentration in the remaining water to an agriculturally acceptable level.
Industry Water may be withdrawn from industrial usage. Gallons per year.
Calculate annual volume consumed.
People Drinking water supplies may be diminished. Gallons per year.
Estimate the volume lost and the cost of replacement water.
0
1.4 Heat Aquatic biota Temperature changes may affect aquatic species C, acre-feet, dissipation and the food base which supports them. Calculate pounds per year the temperature increase in the mixing zone and (by species)
the volume of water affected. Estimate loss of aquatic biota.
1.5 Site Water quality Physical properties such as turbidity and color or Acres and preparation chemical properties of natural waters may be acre-feet and plant impaired because of plant construction. Estimate construction. the surface area of the affected water and calculate the volume of dilution water required to meet applicable water quality standards. (See 1.1)
2.1 Discharge of Air quality, Pollutant emissions may diminish the quality of Percent and pounds chemicals to chemical the local ambient air. The actual concentration of or tons ambient air. each pollutant in ppm for maximum daily emission rate should be expressed as a percentage of the applicable emission standard or guideline.
Report weight for expected annual emissions.
Report possible effects on sensitive flora.
Air quality, odor Odor in gaseous discharge or from discharge to Statement water body may be objectionabl
e. A statement
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TABLE 2 (continued)
Source Population or Effect and Unit of of Impact Resources Affected Methods of Computation Measurea
2.1 (Cont'd) Air quality, odor should be made as to whether odor originating in (Cont'd) plant is perceptible at any point offsite.
2.2 Discharge of Plants and animals Radionuclide discharge may add to natural Rad per year radionuclides to background radioactivity of local plant and animal ambient air. life. Estimate deposit of radionuclides on, and uptake in, plants and animals. Sum dose expected from all releases.
People., ingestion Radionuclide discharge may add to the natural Rem per year for in- radioactivity in water bodies, soil, vegetation, and dividuals (whole animal life. For radionuclides expected to be body and organ);
released, estimate deposit and accumulation in man-rem per year foods. Estimate intakes by individuals and for population.
populations and sum resulting dose for all expected radionuclides.
3.1 Land use Land area Land will be preempted for construction and Acres during plant operation of the plant. State the type and amount construction of land preempted according to its use; i.e., scenic, and operation. shoreline wetland, forest, farm land, etc., during both construction and operational phases.
Land erosion Cut and fill operations may increase erosion Acres, cubic yards, potential. Estimate the area and the amount of soil and statement displaced and discuss detrimental and beneficial effects.
3.2 Loss of People Noise and traffic may introduce undesirable Total population amenities qualities in the local environment. Estimate the affected, years of during plant number of residences, schools, hospitals, and duration construction population that will be affected and the duration and operation of the effect for both construction and operational due to noise phases. Use Department Circular 1390.2 on Noise and traffic. Abatement and Control (Department of Housing and Urban Development) to establish the degree of acceptability of noise.
3.3 Aesthetic People The landscape may be changed beneficially or Statements appeal. detrimentally by the construction and operation of the facility. Qualified opinions including those of local and regional authorities should be rendered.
3.4 Accessibility People Access to historical or archaeological sites may be Visitors per year and to historical or impeded or improved. Estimate the change in the statements archaeological annual number of visitors to historical sites and sites. obtain opinions from local, State, and Federal agencies regarding the change in the archaeological value of the site.
3.5 Change in Wildlife The effects of plant construction and operation Statements area of wildlife may be detrimental or beneficial. Obtain opinions habitat. from qualified local and State wildlife authorities.
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Chapter 8 BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
The first six chapters of the environmental report socioeconomic and environmental effects of plant have described the site, the plant, the environmental construction and operation. Table 3 lists many, but by effects of normal operation and accident conditions, and no means all, of the economic and social impacts that the monitoring program for the proposed facility. The should be assessed in terms of benefits and costs. The seventh chapter describes why the specific plant design applicant should evaluate his particular situation, adding on the particular site is in the applicant's judgment the or subtracting items from the lists as necessary for his most desirable combination of alternatives. This chapter use. The environmental factors to be considered have should demonstrate through a benefit-cost analysis of been discussed in Chapter 4, and a checklist prepared in the proposed plant why in the applicant's judgment the Table 4.
aggregate benefits outweigh the aggregate costs. Even The benefit and cost factors for the plant should though the Commission will independently prepare a be summarized in a tabulation. The tabular presentation benefit-cost analysis of the proposed plant in its should make clear what the applicant considers to be the Environmental Statement, the applicant should perform important benefits and costs of the proposed plant. A
his own analysis in order to aid the Commission in its subsequent narrative should explain why, in the evaluation. judgment of the applicant, the former outweigh the It should be noted by the applicant that the major latter.
objective of the preparation of the Environmental In developing its tabular comparison the applicant Report is to demonstrate that the aggregate benefits should utilize the methods and units indicated in the outweigh the aggregate costs for the proposed plant. second column of Tables 3 and 4 for assessing and Therefore, the tabulation and assessment of costs and comparing benefits and costs where these are expressed benefits must be thorough and complete. The in nonmonetary or qualitative terms. The tabulation Commission also recognizes that a simple numerical should also indicate, for each benefit or cost where weighing of benefits against costs is not feasible here applicable, who is likely to be affected and for how long;
because the majority of these impacts cannot be the section and page number in the Report where it is monetized, and the selected criteria for assessment are discussed; and any special measures to be taken to not directly comparable. However, it is incumbent on alleviate an impact.
the applicant to utilize all the material developed for this The applicant should carefully describe, in * . -. .
report and presented in Chapters 1 through 7 to provide narrative form, any aggregation of effects and discuss in his best documented judgment of the aggregate plant detail the trade-offs that were made to justify the impact. proposed plant. If any of the benefits or costs specified In presenting the benefit-cost analysis for the in Tables 3 and 4 are not used in the applicant's analysis, proposed- plant, the applicant should consider both the the rationale for not doing so should be explained.
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TABLE 3 BENEFITS/(COSTS) OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
1. QuantitativeFactors Methods of Determining Benefits/(Costs)a
1.1 Value of enriched uranium Dollars produced
1.2 Tax revenues to be received by local, State, and Federal government.
1.3 New jobs (payroll) created at plant (T, p).b
1.4 Increased employment opportuni- ities resulting from purchase of goods and services locally.
1.5 Increased local income result- ing from purchase of goods and services locally.
1.6 Incremental change in regional product.
1.7 Capital costs of land acqui- sition and improvement.
1.8 Capital costs of plant construction.
1.9 Operating and maintenance costs 1.10 Plant decommissioning costs 1.11 Research and development costs associated with poten- tial future improvements in the plant.
1.12 Increased costs to local government for the services required by the permanent increase in local workers and their families.
1.13 Other aWhen benefits/(costs) are expressed in dollars they should be discounted to present worth and annualized.
bT - temporary (during construction and startup)
P - permanent (during operation)
4.9-23
TABLE 3 (continued)
QualitativeFactors Method of DeterminingBenefits/(Costs)
2.1 Disruption of people's lives Discuss; provide numbers affected, (or the community) caused by how affected, acreage and original acquisition of land for the use, cost (based on State standards).
plant site (T, P).
Overload of water supply, Discuss; provide numbers affected, sewage treatment facilities, extent of overloading, cost, etc.
schools, or other public facilities (T, P).
2.3 Inflationary rentals or prices Discuss; provide numbers affected, and housing shortages resulting cost, etc.
from sudden influx of personnel (T, P).
2.4 Congestion of local streets Discuss; provide numbers affected, and highways (T, P). time lost, extent of congestion, cost, etc.
2.5 Incentive to development of Discuss; provide data on other plants other industry resulting constructed or expanded because of from presence of plant. influences of the plant. Discuss any adverse effects on business.
2.6 Availability of site personnel Type of service, number, level of skill and equipment (e.g., fire or capability, availability.
fighting, medical, radio- logical) to supplement local 41 facilities (P).
2.7 Impairment of recreational Reduction in hunting, fishing, or camp- values resulting from de- ing permits, reduction in sales levels creased availability of sport of related businesses, increase in animals, restrictions of individual complaints, or community access to preferred recrea. dissatisfaction.
tional areas (T, P).
2.8 Deterioration of aesthetic Discuss; relate to community or expert and scenic values (T, P). opinion.
2.9 Restrictions on access to Discuss; determine sites to be displaced, areas of scenic, historic, reduction in visitors per year to or cultural interest (T, P). restricted sites, loss in local revenues.
2.10 Degradation of areas having Discuss; determine reduction in visitors historic, cultural, natural, per year, loss in local revenues.
or archaeological value (T, P).
2.11 Removal of land from present Discuss; original use contemplated, or contemplated alternative effects.
uses (P).
2.12 Change in real estate values Monetary units; percentage variation.
in areas adjacent to the proposed facility (T, P).
4.9-24
TABLE 4 BENEFITS/(COSTS) OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
Effects of Site Preparation And Plant Consmt ction Method of DeterminingBenefits/(Costs) a
1.3 Disturbance of existing ter- Number of acres, changes in planned use.
rain; commitment of land (T, p)b
1.2 Disturbance of flora on Type, degree, importance of species.
site (T, P)
1.3 Landscaping (T, P) Type, acreage.
1.4 Land conservation measures (P) Discuss each separately; judge degree of effectiveness, acreage involved, cost per acre.
1.5 Erosion control measures Discuss each separately; judge degree (T, P) of effectiveness, acreage involved, cost per acre.
1.6 Dust stabilization measures Discuss each separately; judge degree of site (T, P) of effectiveness, acreage invol ved, cost per acre.
1.7 Change in aesthetic values Discuss; include expert opinicrns when at site (T, P) available.
1.8 Change in aesthetic values of Discuss; include expert opinicrns when adjacent water bodies available.
1.9 Disturbance of, or benefits to, Type, degree, importance of species.
wildlife habitats-land (T, P)
1.10 Disturbance of, or benefits to, Type, degree, importance of pecies.
fish and wildlife resources- water (T, P)
1.11 Restoration of affected Extent (number) of restoratic)n of each animal habitats (T, P) species.
1.12 Relocation of housing Number, location, type of dw'elling;
for people (T, P) how accomplished
1.13 Change in accessibility of Discuss each individual; degre e of historical and archaeological change, no. of visitors per yea ir affected.
sites (T, P)
1.14 Access to roads (T, P) Provide map showing locatior rs.
aWhen benefits/(costs) are expressed in dollars they should be discounted to present worth and annualized.
bT - temporary (during construction and startup)
P - permanent (during operation)
4.9-2 5
TABLE 4 (continued)
1. Ef.fects of Site Preparation And Plant Construction Methods of DeterminingBenefits/(Costs)
1.15 Noise and vibration from Discuss level (dB), frequency, and equipment or explosives (T) distance to nearest population (see 2.5.3).
1.16 Change in local traffic Number of vehicles affected; problems of patterns and volume (T, P) congestion, safety, pollution.
1.17 Control of construction Discuss measures taken.
truck traffic (T)
1.18 Trash disposal (T) Volume, type, location, problems of safety, pollution.
1.19 Building supply or staging Location, acreage, type of materials.
areas (T)
1.20 Change in water quality (T) Type of impurity, concentration, change in usability of water to each species, extent (acre-feet).
1.21 Change in water supply (T) Volumetric change, species affected, alternatives.
1.22 Pollution control measures Discuss; state degree of control over (T) each source.
1.23 Inconvenience created by Discuss effect on individuals and com- movement of men, materials, munity (include secondary effects).
and machines (T)
1.24 Provision of housing Discuss effect on individuals and for workers and families (T) community (include secondary effects).
1.25 Provision of transportation Discuss effect on individuals and.
for workers and families (T) community (include secondary effects).
1.26 Provision of services (inclu- Discuss effect on individuals and ding health and educational community (include secondary effects).
facilities) for workers and families (T)
1.27 Other i Effects of PlantOperation Method of DetenniningBenefits/(Costs)
2.1 Chemical Impacts
2.1.1 Impairment of water quality Concentrations above natural ambient at discharge and at specified distances compared with standards, dilution volume required to meet standards for each chemical.
4.9-26
TABLE 4 (continued)
. Effects of Plant Operation Method of Determining Benefits/(Costs)
2.1.2 Effect on aquatic organisms Estimate effect (reduction in number, by toxic levels of discharge vigor, size, etc.) on individual species.
or by reduced oxygen concen- trations
2.1.3 Impairment of recreational Lost annual user days, area (acres),
water uses.(boating, fishing, shoreline miles affected.
swimming)
2.1.4 Contamination of drinking Annual loss of potable water (gallons per water of nearby communities year)
through contamination of ground water
2.1.5 Impairment of usability of Area (acres) of wet land, water surface, wildlife habitats or terrestrial habitats by species.
2.1.6 Effects on plant life of Area (acres) adversely affected; dis- contamination of ground tinguish acreage by use.
water
2.1.7 Impairment of quality of local Percentage of allowable daily emission ambient air through emission standard released for each pollutant.
of pollutants
2.1.8 Impairment of quality of life Discuss; include data on distance from H-
or aesthetics through per- site at which release is perceived.
L ception of chemical release Include effects on sensitive flora.
in air or water
2.1.9 Long-term effect of effluents Discuss; provide accepted industry data on man-made structures and standards.
2.2 Radiological Impacts
2.2.1 Radionuclide discharge to receiving water which adds to natural background radiation levels in:
a. Aquatic and terrestrial Radionuclide concentrations (pCi/cc)
organisms significant to human food chains b. People through ingestion Estimate accumulation in food, whole of food and water body and organ doses on intake (rem per year-individual; man-rem per year- population).
Radionuclide discharge to ambient air which adds to natural background radiation levels in:
a. Ambient air,plants-antianimals significant to human food chains Radionuclide concentrations (gCi/cc)
4.9-27
TABLE 4 (continued)
Effects of Plant Operation Method of DeterminingBenefits/(Costs)
2.2.2 (Cont'd) b. People through inhalation Estimate deposition on and accumulation and ingestion of food crops in foods, whole body and organ doses on and animals intake (rem per year-individual; man-rem per year-population).
2.3 Heat dissipation Discuss; include temperature increases and volume of water affected; compare with applicable standards. Describe effects such as fog and icing. Estimate effects on local flora and fauna and on human population.
2.4 Biological Impacts, Sanitary Discuss; describe types, quantity of and Other Waste Discharges discharge, points of discharge and dilution. Compare with accepted standard; where discharge is chemical.
relate to impacts in 2.1 above. Esti- mate biological effect on local flora and fauna; discuss perception offsite; etc.
2.5 Other Effects of Plant Operation
2.5.1 Increased knowledge of environment Discuss; include specific types of data from plant operation and R&D to be accumulated and where information is applicable.
2.5.2 Consumptive use of water at Potential water withdrawn (gallons per year); .
plant which diminishes supply estimate cost of replacement.
available from the water body for people or agricultural use
2.5.3 Noise from plant operation Classify noise levels by category (use OSHA guidelines in 39 FR 23596 and Department of Housing and Urban Development guidelines); include number of residences, school population, hospital beds.
2.5.4 Interaction of the plant Use appropriate standard for each impact.
with other neighboring plants which affects the radio- logical, chemical, biological, or other impacts
2.5.5 Combined effects of a number Use appropriate standards for each impact.
of impacts (where measure of separate impacts does not adequately measure total effects)
2.5.6 Other
4.9-28
Chapter 9 ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CONSULTATIONS
The applicant should list all licenses, permits, and indicate when it is expected. If certification is not other approvals of construction and operation required required, the applicant should provide an explanation.
by Federal, State, local, and regional authorities for the In view of the effects of the plant on the economic protection of the environment. He should list those development of the region in which it is located, the Federal and State approvals that have already been applicant should also note the State, local, and regional received and indicate the status of matters regarding planning authorities contacted or consulted. OMB
approvals yet to be obtained. For general background, Circular A95 identifies the State, metropolitan, and he should submit similar information regarding ap- regional clearinghouses. (A listing of applicable clearing- provals, licenses, and contacts with local authorities. houses may be obtained from the AEC).
The applicant should discuss the status of efforts The applicant should cite meetings held with to obtain a water quality certification under Section 401 environmental and other citizen groups referring to of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. specific instances of the applicant's response to citizen If certification has not already been obtained, he should group recommendations.
t
4.9-29
Chapter 10
REFERENCES
The applicant should provide a bibliography of all Report. References cited should be keyed to the specific sources used in preparation of the Environmental sections and page numbers to which they apply.
7 iWhere the 'applicant' as used in this part, is a Federal The "National Registry of National Landmarks"
agency, different arrangements for implementing NEPA may be appeared in the Federal Register of September 5, 1973 (37 FR
made, pursuant to the Guidelines established by the Council on 1496). 8 Environmental Quality. Copies may be obtained from Chief Hisorian, Room
2 No permit or license will, of course, be issued with 1226, National Park Service, 18th & C Streets NW., Washington, respect to an activity for which a certification required by D.C. 20240.
9 Section 401 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act has not State Liaison Officers are listed in the Federal Register been obtained.
3 of March10 15, 1972, and supplemented in December 1972.
1f the applicant considers any information requested by National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, this or any other section of the guide to be a trade secret or N.C.
commercial or financial information submitted in confidence, t
"Slade, D.H., ed., Meteorology and Atomic Energy, the requested information should be submitted as a separate 1968, p; 102, TID-24190, USAEC, 1968.
proprietary document in accordance with 10 CFR § 2.790. Iln the writing and reviewing of Environmental Reports,
4 Any information requested by this or any other section specific consideration should be given to possible impact on any of the guide that is classified information should be submitted as species. (or its habitat) that has been determined to be a separate classified document in accordance with the endangered or threatened with endangerment by the Secretary appropriate classification and security regulations. of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce. New SAil maps included in the environmental report should terminology defining "endangered or threatened with en- indicate a distance scale and compass North (at least). dangerment" is contained in the "Endangered Species Act of Coordinates
6 should be Universal Transverse Mercator. 1973," Pub. Law 93-205, 87 Stat. 884.
The 1973 cumulative revision of the "National B3 Any reports of work (e.g., ecological surveys) supported Register of Historical Places" was published in the Federal by the applicant that are of significant value in assessing the Register on February 28, 1973 (38 FR 5386), and additions environmental impact of the facility should be included as are published in the Federal Register on the first Tuesday of appendices or supplements to the Environmental Report if these each month. reports are not otherwise generally available.
4.9-30