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M221108: Slides - Building Public Trust for Fusion Impact - S. Hoedl Slides
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Issue date: 11/08/2022
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Building Public Trust for Fusion Impact Briefing on Regulatory Approaches for Fusion Energy Devices November 8, 2022

Seth A. Hoedl, Ph.D., J.D.

President, Chief Science Officer & Co-Founder Post Road Foundation shoedl@postroadfoundation.org

Hoedl, Seth A. Achieving a Social License for Fusion Energy Physics of Plasmas 29, 092506 (2022);

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0091054 Hoedl, Seth A. "A Social License for Nuclear Technologies." Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law-Volume IV.

TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2019. 19-44. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09844 Hoedl, Seth A. "Ethical Review for Nuclear Power: Inspiration from Bioethics." Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law-Volume VI. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2021. 331-361.

Hoedl, Seth A. Social License and Ethical Review of Fusion: Methods to Achieve Social Acceptance. NRC Public Meeting, March 30, 2021, available athttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2109/ML21090A288.pdf Key Ingredients to Scale Energy Technologies

Technical Performance

Economically Competitive

Regulatory Approval

Scalable Supply Chain

Trained Workforce

Public Acceptance1

1.KaslowJ et al. (1994) Criteria for practical fusion power systems: Report from the EPRI fusion panel. Journal of Fusion Energy, 13(2):181-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02213958

2 Without Public Acceptance Energy Technologies Stall

A lack of acceptance inhibits scale by raising capital costs, litigation costs and risks, and regulatory burdens1

Technologies with a social license

Transmission lines2 Offshore/onshore wind3 Nuclear fission4

Technologies 1. GunninghamN, Kagan RA, Thornton D, Social license and environmental protection: why businesses go beyond compliance, Law &

with out a Social Inquiry29:307-341 (2004).

2. Voters pull the plug on Central Maine Powers transmission line. https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/11/03/maine-ballot-question-social license transmission-corridor-hydropower-no-vote
3. Rand J, HoenB (2017) Thirty years of North American wind energy acceptance research: What have we learned? Energy Research &

Social Science, 29:135-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.019 Time 4. Bickerstaffe, J., Pearce, D., Can there be a consensus on nuclear power? Social Studies of Science 10:309:344 (1980);

Slovic, P., Perceived Risk, Trust, and the Politics of Nuclear Waste Science254:1603-1607 (1991).

3 Established Methods to Facilitate Public Acceptance

1. A Social License1
2. Ethical Review Committees2
3. Responsible Research and Innovation3 (emerging)

RiskRisk--reducing technical solutions, regulatory compliance, and better communication or reducing technical solutions, regulatory compliance, and better communication or education are unlikely, on their own, to alleviate a lack of social education are unlikely, on their own, to alleviate a lack of social acceptanceacceptance44

1. GunninghamN, Kagan RA, Thornton D, Social license and environmental protection: why businesses go beyond compliance, Law & Social Inquiry29:307-341 (2004).
2. UNESCO, National bioethics committees in action.(2010); Watts G, Novel techniques for the prevention of mitochondrial DNA disorders: an ethical review. Nuffield Council onBioethics.(2012);

Warnock M, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisationand Embryology. U.K. Department of Health & Social Security, London. (1984) https://www.hfea.gov.uk/media/2608/warnock-report-of-the-committee-of-inquiry-into-human-fertilisation-and-embryology-1984.pdf.

3. Stilgoe, J. and Owen, R. and Macnaghten, P. (2013) 'Developing a framework of responsible innovation., Research policy., 42 (9). pp. 1568-1580; R. Owen, P. Macnaghtenand J. Stilgoe. (2012),

Responsible research and innovation: From science in society to science for society, with society. Sci. and Pub. Pol.. Vol. 39(6):751-760. DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scs093; TeunisBrand & Vincent Blok (2019) Responsible innovation in business: a critical reflection on deliberative engagement as a central governance mechanism, Journal of Responsible Innovation, 6:1, 4-24

4. Otway HJ, Maurer D, Thomas K, Nuclear power: The question of public acceptance, Futures10:109-118 (1978). doi: 10.1016/0016-3287(78)90065-4

4 Key Feature of the Social License Method

A process of meaningful public engagement 2,3,4 that:

1. Opens expertise to new questions and perspectives1
2. Addresses what people actually worry about, rather than what they should worry about
3. Engenders trust2
4. Is transparent2,3
5. Protects human health and safety5
6. Is more than education, public relations, or letting the public see the experts at work6
1. Stilgoe, J, The received wisdom: opening upexpert advice. Demos, London, 2006. https://www.demos.co.uk/files/receivedwisdom.pdf; GrunigJ.E., & GrunigL.S., Toward a Theory of the Public Relations Behavior of Organizations: Review of a Program of Research, Public Relations Research Annual, 1:1-4, 27-63, DOI: 10.1207/s1532754xjprr0101-4_2
2. Rooney, D., Leach, J., Ashworth, P., Doing the Social in Social License. Social Epistemology 28:209-218 (2014); Hall, N., Lacey, J., Carr-Cornish, S., Dowd, A-M., Social licenceto operate:

understanding how a concept has been translated into practice in energy industries. Journal of Cleaner Production 86:301-310 (2015); National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values, National Academies Press (2016).

3. CoglianeseC, KilmartinH, Mendelson E Transparency and public participation in the federal rulemaking process: Recommendations for the new administration. Geo Wash L Rev 77:924 (2008); Long JC, Scott D Vested Interests and Geoengineering Research Issues in Science and Technology29:45-52 (2013).
4. Institute of Medicine Oversight and Review of Clinical Gene Transfer Protocols: Assessing the Role of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. National Academies Press (2014).
5. Gunningham N, Kagan RA, Thornton D, Social license and environmental protection: why businesses go beyond compliance, Law & Social Inquiry29:307-341 (2004).
6. Raman, S, Mohr, A, A social license for science: capturing the public or co-constructing research?, Social Epistemology 28:258-276 (2014).

5 Engagement through Meaningful, Two-Way Conversations

1. Listen to the public, identify concerns Strengthens outcomes1:

and deeply understand them

  • Identifies problems, issues and solutions that experts miss2
  • Is sensitive to social and political values that expert's models do not acknowledge2 Public and Technology
  • Creates a sense of procedural justice and a stakeholders developers positive feedback-loop that enhances trust3
1. Reed MS (2008) Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review. Biological Conservation, 141(10):2417-2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014
2. Fiorino DJ (1990) Citizen Participation and Environmental Risk: A Survey of Institutional Mechanisms.

Science, Technology, & Human Values, 15(2):226-243. http://www.jstor.org/stable/689860

2. Address concerns by adjusting 3. Gwen Ottinger(2013) Changing Knowledge, Local Knowledge, and Knowledge Gaps: STS Insights into Procedural Justice. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 38(2):250-270.

technology and business models https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243912469669; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016) Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. https://doi.org/10.17226/23405 Requires Requires public trust public trust in the fusion industry and government regulatorsin the fusion industry and government regulators

6 Application to Regulatory Approaches: Building Trust

The public needs confidence that the NRC and other regulators adopt a regulatory framework that has the authority to manage the full range of risks that the public cares about

The process by which the regulations are developed needs to be transparent, based on the full range of risks, and undertaken with meaningfulpublic engagement

  • Actively solicit concerns from communities nationwide
  • Address these concerns through a transparent health and safety analysis
  • Support independent health and safety assessments

Public input is essential, even at this early stagePublic input is essential, even at this early stage

7 Building Public Trust for Fusion Impact Briefing on Regulatory Approaches for Fusion Energy Devices November 8, 2022

Seth A. Hoedl, Ph.D., J.D.

President, Chief Science Officer & Co-Founder Post Road Foundation shoedl@postroadfoundation.org

Hoedl, Seth A. Achieving a Social License for Fusion Energy Physics of Plasmas 29, 092506 (2022),

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0091054 Hoedl, Seth A. "A Social License for Nuclear Technologies." Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law-Volume IV.

TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2019. 19-44. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09844 Hoedl, Seth A. "Ethical Review for Nuclear Power: Inspiration from Bioethics." Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law-Volume VI. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2021. 331-361.

Hoedl, Seth A. Social License and Ethical Review of Fusion: Methods to Achieve Social Acceptance. NRC Public Meeting, March 30, 2021, available athttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2109/ML21090A288.pdf

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