ML20248F292
| ML20248F292 | |
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|---|---|
| Issue date: | 09/30/1989 |
| From: | Roles G NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS) |
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| REF-WM-3 NUDOCS 8910060322 | |
| Download: ML20248F292 (72) | |
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1 TRANSURANIC SEALED SOURCES MANUFACTURED BY MONSANTO RESEARCH CORPORATION l
G.W. Roles Division of Low-Level Waste Management and Decommissioning Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards September 1989 I.
INTRODUCTION The Low-Level' Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (Amendments Act) stipulates that disposal of low-level waste (LLW) exceeding Class C concentrations as defined in 10 CFR Part 61 is the responsibility of the federal government. Disposalofsomeofthisgreater-than-ClassC(GTCC) waste must be in a facility licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). To help make decisions about GTCC waste management, NRC must estimate the quantities of GTCC waste that will be generated. This is particularly difficult for GTCC sealed sources owned by commercial and some government licensees.
Sealed sources are small capsules of radioactive material used for a variety of industrial, laboratory, and medical applications. Roughly 200 radioisotopes, mostly short-lived, have been used in sealed sources, which can range in activity from a few microcuries to several thousand curies. Of the hundreds of thousands of sealed sources that have been manufactured and distributed, a few tens of thousands contain radionuclides in sufficient quantities that, if disposed, would be considered GTCC sources. Such GTCC sources are dominated by sources containing Am-241 or other long-lived transuranic isotopes in quantities exceeding about 30 millicuries.
From 1962 to 1984, one of the major manufacturers and distributors of large transuranic sources was the Monsanto Research Corporation. Although no longer manufacturing and distributing sealed sources, when in business Monsanto fabricated thousands of americium, plutonium, californium, and neptunium sources.
In a February 1985 letter to NRC, Mr. Harold Coleman, a former Monsanto manager, estimated that Monsanto distributed about 9,200 transuranic sources. He also estimated that Monsanto controlled about 70% of the market for sources containing transuranic isotopes. This letter, plus a record of a March 1989 telephone conversation with Mr. Coleman, is included as Appendix A.
Given this information, we decided to analyze Monsanto's manufacturing and shipment records. From this analysis, we believed that we could better understand the numbers and sizes of GTCC transuranic sources in circulation.
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I. PROCEDURE
S On June 30, 1989, we visited Monsanto's Dayton, Ohio facility to review and photocopy manufacturing, sales, and shipment records. The slow speed of the es10060322 891003 FDR WASTE FDC WM-3
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l available copying equipment made it impossible to copy, in one day, all shipment manifests. Therefore, we copied manifests from only one complete year, 1978. We also copied, for each year of operation, available summary l
information. Generally, customer lists (and sales on a dollar basis) were available on a yearly basis, as were lists of the numbers of sources sold. We copied those portions of the manufacturing log books listing sources containing I
transuranic isotopes, as well as sources containing a few other isotopes of interest.
(See Appendix B for a copy of the trip report for the Monsanto
)
visit.)
l We then analyzed the copied data.
In Section III we present the results of l
this analysis in two groups. The first group sunanarizes Monsanto's sales records; the second group addresses the distribution of sources among different customers.
Our compilation of Monsanto's sales records, available yearly from 1970 through 1983, is enclosed as Appendix C.
From this compilation, we prepared tables that summarize Monsanto sales by general category (see Section III). These general categories include well-logging, reactors, gauging, medical, instruments, government, miscellaneous, foreign, and smoke detectors.
Our compilation of the numbers of transuranic sources distributed to each customer is included as Appendix D.
From this compilation, we estimated the distribution of sources among selected groups of customers; in particular, we distinguished among commercial, foreign, and government customers. We also l
reviewed the sizes of the sources as listed in the logs, particularly noting whether the sources would exceed 30 mC1.
This 30-mci criterion is derived assuming that a source is encapsulated in about 600 pounds of concrete in a 55-gallon drum (see the December 14, 1988 memorandum from M.J. Bell to M.R. Knapp, NRC Division of Low-Level Waste Management and Decommissioning).
NRC staff believe that provided the source is centered in encapsulating material that meets the structural stability requirements of 10 CFR Section 61.56, classification of the source may be based on a concentration determined by dividing the source activity by the total mass of the encapsulated product. Under these conditions, the 30-mci criterion corresponds to the 100-nC1/g, Class-C transuranic limit.
Our compilation and analysis was hindered by uncertainties as described in Appendix E.
The principal uncertainties pertained to -- (1) estimating the sizes of the sources, (2) determ'ning when sources were delivered to foreign l
entities, and (3) specifically identifying the customers. Regarding the last I
uncertainty, the principal problem was that many customers operate a number of facilities, some for the federal government and some not. For example, a log citation for the " University of California" could refer to a college campus, to f
Los Alamos National Laboratory, or to Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.
Considering the provisions of the Amendments Act, it was important to distinguish between sources used for commercial and government applications.
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We responded to these. uncertainties by making conservative assumptions.
If the logs provided no information about the sizes of particular types of sources, we assumed that the sources were GTCC.
If the logs were vague about delivery of l
sources to foreign entities, we assumed that the sources remained in the United l
States.
If the logs were vague about delivery of the sources to government i
facilities, particularly Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, we assumed that j
the sources were used for commercial applications. These assumptions tend to increase the calculated numbers of sources delivered to commercial customers located in the United States.
III. RESULTS Results are presented for our analysis of Monsanto's sales records and l
manufacturing logs.
Sales Records j
Table 1 summarizes Monsanto sales from 1970 through 1983. During these years, 52% of Monsanto's sales (in dollars) were to well-logging customers. Another 19% of the sales were to domestic manufacturers of nuclear reactors. Nine J
percent of the sales were to foreign governments or companies, including KWU.
The remaining 20% of the sales were distributed about as follows: gauging --
5%, medical -- 2%, instruments -- 25, government -- 3%, smoke detectors --
0.011, and miscellaneous -- 9%.
l Table 2 sunnarizes sales to well-logging customers so identified in Monsanto's records (seeAppendixC).
Nearly 94% of the well-logging sales were to Schlumberger, nearly 25 to Halliburton, and nearly 1% to Seismograph. The l
remaining 3% of the well-logging sales were to 12 customers, none accounting for more than 0.6% of the total well-logging sales.
1 Manufacturing Logs I
Table 3 is a summary of the numbers of sources containing transuranic isotopes.
Three-quarters of the 11,604 transuranic sources are Ar-241 sources; Pu-238 and Pu-239 eas.h represent about 95 of the transuranic sources. Table 3 also quantifies sources containing nickel, strontium, carbon, and cesium isotopes.
Although the logs didn't consistently identify the specific isotopes used, we conservatively assumeo that the isotopes were generally those specifically listed in Tables 1 and 2 of 10 CFR Section 61.55 -- namely, Ni-63, Sr-90, C-14, and Cs-137.
Finally, Ra-226 sources are listed.
We now present highlights of our analysis for each isotope.
Am-241 Sources. Am-241 gamma sources were sold to a large number of customers, who generally purchased only a few sources apiece. ORTEC, however, bought 963 sources, Harshaw Chemical Co. bought 205 sources, Industrial Nucleonics bought 233 sources, and Ohmart bought 192 sources. Because of the extensive duplication of serial numbers, we were uncertain about the actual number of l
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. sources that were manufactured. We counted 2,530 sources, however, of which about 8%.were sold to universities, about 3% to foreign entities, and about 5%
to yarious U.S. government installations.
The logs were clear about source sizes for.943 of the 2,530 gamma sources, a sampling of 37%. ~These 943 sources seemed almost all to be in the millicurie or microcurie range, and only occasionally contained as much as 1 Ci of activity. Only 20% of the sources exceeded 30 mC1 in size.
Monsanto manufactured 6,051 Am-241 neutron sources.
By far, ber most common neutron target element. Of the 5,887 AmBe sources, yllium was the about 59% were sold to well-logging customers. Schlumberger, in fact, alone bought 3,210 AmBe sources, or 55% of all AmBe sources. Two percent of the AmBe sources were sold i
to the U.S. government, about 3% to reactor manufacturers and utilities, and about 1% to foreign entities. Troxler bought 1,503 AmBe sources, or 26% of all AmBe sources.
The logs clearly inoicated source sizes for about a thousand AaBe sources. Of i
these sources, about 95% exceeded 30 mC1 in size. Until 1971, at least, the well-logging sources appeared to have been dominated by 5-curie sources. But by 1978, the average size appeared to have risen. We reviewed the shipping records for 1978 and identified 201 AmBe sources, averaging 9.5 Ci apiece, sold to well-logging customers. The AaBe sources sold to Troxler appeared to be generally in the range of about 50 to 100 millicuries.
Most of the remaining neutron sources, or 123 out of 164 sources, used lithium as a target element. Forty-four (36%) of these 123 AmLi sources were sold to the University of California. As noted in Section II, we couldn't tell whether these sources were delivered to the university itself or to a national laboratory, although for purposes of the Amendments Act, we conservatively assumed the former situation. About 5% of the lithium sources were sold to j
government facilities, and 5% to foreign entities.
The logs revealed little information about the sizes of the remaining neutron sources. Clear information was available for only 6 out of 123 AmL1 sources and 9 out of 21 AmB sources. Of these 15 sources, all exceeded 30 mC1. Size i
data wasn't available for the single americium threshold detector source or for the 16 AmBe/Cs and 4 AmF sources.
j Finally, Monsanto manufactured 3 AmPu sources for Harshaw Chemical. All three sources were I to 2 microcuries in size.
1 Pu-239 Sources. The logs indicate that about 35% of the 158 Pu-239 alpha sources were transferred to the federal government and about 4% were transferred to universities. Only one source was clearly transferred to a foreign entity. The sizes of the 158 alpha sources tended to be in the microcurie to millicurie range. Of the 49 sources for which size data is l
available, only 1 source exceeded 30 mci.
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5-L Almost all of the Pu-239 neutron sources used beryllium as a target element.
Of these 469 PuBe sources, roughly 17% were shipped to government entities suc as national laboratories, 28% to well-logging customers, 3% to reactor manufacturers or utilities 4% to foreign entities, and 23% to universities.
1 The PuBe sources generally ranged from 1 to 10 curies in size.
Clear size data was available for roughly 400 sources, of which all but about a dozen exceeded 30 mC1. Of 128 well-loggin two were 10-curie sources. g sources, 126 were 5-curie sources; the remaining Two Pu-239/ boron neutron sources were manufactured:
one source was sold to Westinghouse-Bettis and one to Rutgers University.
Both boron sources exceeded 30 mci in size.
One 0.5-curie Pu-239/ fluorine source was sold to the University of California (Los Alamos).
Plutonium Threshold Detector Sources. Monsanto manufactured 421 plutonium threshold detector sources.
The logs didn't specify the isotope used in these sources, although we believe that plutonium-239 is the most like At foreign entities.
The customer identities for 22% of the sources couldn't be detennined.
Monsanto also manufactured three plutonium-aluminum threshold detector sources.
All three were sold to Avco.
The sizes of the 421 Pu-239 threshold detector sources appeared to range a little. higher than those for the Pu-239 ' alpha sources.
Clear size information was available for 247 sources, of which 147 (60%) exceeded 30 mci.
No size information was given for the 3 plutonium-aluminum threshcid detector sources.
Pu-238 Sources. About half of the Pu-238 sources were alpha sources. Of these 479 alpha sources, about 4% were sold to government organizations and 15 to universities.
Three-hundred-sixty alpha sources were sold to Arco Nuclear, a manufacturer of nuclear pacemakers.
The logs did not indicate the sizes of these 360 sources.
In fact, clear size information was available for only 42 alpha sources.
Of these 42 sources, 23 were heat sources sold to Hittman. -
Each heat source contained from 30 to 40 curies of Pu-238. The remaining 19 sources were in the microcurie or millicurie range. Nine of these 19 sources exceeded 30 mci in size.
The logs indicated manufacture of 508 Pu-238/ beryllium sources.
About 25% were distributed to well-loggers,16% to the government, 24% to reactor manufacturers or utilities, 65 to universities, and 8% to foreign entities.
The sizes of the Pu-238/ beryllium sources varied considerably. But of the roughly 140 sources for which clear size data was given, all except 4 sources exceeded 30 mC1.
Pu-238/Be sources sold to well-loggers seemed to generally exceed 10 curies apiece.
The logs had size information for only 37 well-logging sources all sold to Schlumberger. These sources ranged from 4 to 20 Ci apiece, avera,ging about 14 curies.
6 About 9% of these lithium sources were sold to f um sources.
and 3% to foreign entities.
Sixty-one percent of the lithium sgencies or facilities, to National Nuclear.
These 13 sources were all quite large, exceeded 30 mci.
all of which over 50 curies apiece.
o One of the 4 Pu-238/F sources was a 35-Ci sLittle size neutron sources.
given for the remaining 3 fluorine sources.ource. No size information was given for the 15 Pu-238/L1/cs sources No clear size informa Pu-238/C sources, or the 3 Pu-238/B so,urces.3 Pu-238/Li/Co sources, tion w the the 2 1
Californium Sources.
J alpha-decay half;Tife of 2.6 years and a spontaneou l
years. Hence Cf-252 is often used as a source of neutrons.
half-life for, alpha decay means that the Cf-252 activity wo ld '
e of 85 The short I
the Class C limits fer transuranic radionuclides as specifi d i u
n t count against (The 100 nC1/g Class C transuranic limit is only applicable t e
n Section 61.55.
transuranic radionuclides having half-lifes exceeding 5 year o alpha-emitting Cf-252 decays 4.7E+5 years. to Cm-248, an alpha-emitting radionuclides having a s.J Nonetheless, i
consider the ingrown Cm-248 activity, and pos products contained in the source and listed in Section 61 55 if the source was used in a nuclear reactor core ssion In particular, the activation of the encapsulating metal by reac, tor neutroone would ns.
Monsanto sold 317 Cf-252 sources, of which about 29% were government facilities, and 4% to well-loggers. entities, information about the sizes of these sources.
The logs provided no es, 3% to Cm-244 sources were sold to the Australian AEC and Canberra provided no information about the sizes of these sources.tria.
The logs ng 2 Neptunium Sources.
sources, althougH Monsanto s February 1985 letter wasused(seeAppendixA).
4.4 days, Harold Coleman was consulted, and in a September um-234 conversation, he confirmed that the isotope was neptunium-237
, 1989 telephone Most neptunium sources (459 of 538 sources About 59% of the threshold detector sources) were sold to gowere organizations. About 6% were sold to vernment Of the remaining 79 neptunium sources, foreign entities and 2% to universities.
to foreign entities, and 6% to universities.about 3% were sold to the government,.3%
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7 The logs sized'all but about 50 of the threshold detector sources. All sources were smaller than 3 mC1. Regarding neptunium sources, size.information was available for 20 sources. - All but 2 of these 20 sources were in the microcurie range. The remaining 2 sources didn't exceed 2 mci apiece.
Other Sources. We also examined the logs for strontium, cesium, nickel, and carbon sources.
The sizes of these sources were all so small so that they wouldn't be likely to exceed Part 61 Class C concentrations if, in fact, the isotopes used in the sources correspond to those listed in 10 CFR Section 61.55.
Radium-226 is not regulated by NRC, but is of interest because its disposal in low-level waste disposal facilities is restricted. Of the 518 Ra-226 sources manufactured by Monsanto,135 had no identified customers. Of the remaining-sources, all but 5 were sold either directly to foreign entities (e.g., Sweden bought 352 Ra-226 sources) or to Alcor, a Swedish company. We believe that these 91 Alcor sources were probably also exported. Almost no information was given on the sizes of the Ra-226 sources.
IV. DISCUSSION In this section we compare the results of our analysis with information obtained from the February 1985 Monsanto letter, and from the March 1989 telephone conversation with Harold Coleman (see Appendix A). We also estimate t
the numbers of GTCC transuranic sources manufactured and distributed.
Comparison with Previous Information The Monsanto records indicate manufacture of about 11,600 transuranic sources, rather than 9,200 transuranic sources as listed in Appendix A.
Otherwise, the results of our analysis seem to be consistent with Mr. Coleman's main points.
The records show that government sales were not very extensive; in fact, only 31 of the sales were to the federal government. Furtherinore, the records indicate that less than ten percent of all transuranic sources were assigned to government facilities. There were exceptions, however, for particular types of sources in which government sales were significant.
Government sales accounted for about 16% of all Pu-238/Be sources. Mr. Coleman recalled purchase of "at least a dozen" large Pu-238/Be sources by Brookhaven National Laboratory. Brookhaven actually bought 18 Pu-238/Be sources. Size data was available for 14 of these Brookhaven sources, all 50 curies in size.
Government sales also accounted for 59% of the neptunium threshold detector sources, and 65% of the plutonium threshold detector sources.
The delivery to the nuclear navy of 100 to 200 3-curie Asse cable sources, as mentioned by Mr. Coleman, could not be confirmed.
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-Roughly 240 neutron' sources were manufactured using Am-241, Pu-238, or Pu-239 combined with unusual target elements (e.g., boron, lithium, or fluorine).
For
.many combinations of these isotopes and target elements, government sales were j
'significant. For example, government sales accounted for one-third of the 21 AmB sources, 3 of the 4 Pu-238/F sources, one of the two.Pu-239/B sources, one of the 2 Pu-238/C sources, and two of the three Pu-238/B sources.
In addition, 44 out'of the 123 AmLi sources (or 36%) were sold to the University of California.
We expected to find that most of the Pu-239/Be sources were delivered to either the federal government or to universities.
Instead, only about 17% of all Pu-239/Be sources were sold to government entities, and about 23% to universities. Mr. Coleman was under the impression that almost all of the Pu-239/Be s0urces were manufactured using government-owned material. This could not be confirmed, although we believe it questionable considering the large number of connercial entities-that acquired Pu-239/Be sources.
Well-logging companies, in fact, acquired more Pu-239/Be sources than did either universities or the federal government.
.The records did confirm that a very significant fraction of Monsanto's business involved sales of americium sources to well-logging companies, particularly Schlumberger. From 1970-to 1983, well-logging companies accounted for 52% of all sales. The records also support Mr. Coleman's impressions that the bulk of the americium activity sold by Monsanto was contained in well-logging sources,
. and that significant. numbers of well-logging sources were manufactured using Pu-238.
i Table 4 lists nearly 3,800 neutron sources delivered to customers in the well-logging and petroleum industries. Ninety-twc percent of these neutron sources were Am-241/Be sources, 35 were Pu-238/Be sources, and 41 were Pu-239/Be sources. Eighty-eight percent of the sources listed in Table 4 were
-delivered to Schlumberger.
$ ales records also indicate that a significant fraction of Monsanto's business
-- about 19% in total sales -- was to manufacturers of nuclear reactors.
It is difficult to tell what these sales mean in. terms of numbers of sources actually l
~ delivered to nuclear reactors. As discussed in Section II, large companies such as Westinghouse used sealed sources in a variety of applications, some involving use at reactor facilities and some not. Some sources used at reactor facilities could have been used at commercial reactors and others could have been used at government, particularly naval, reactors.
Neutron sources may be used at a nuclear reactor in a variety of applications:
to name two, for instrument calibration or as reactor startup sources. Reactor cores can contain a number of neutron sources which must be periodically replaced. Disposal of these in-core sources may be more difficult than for j
sources used for other applications. The high neutron environment activates
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the metal encapsulating the sources, and the sources may emit so much radiation j
that they are difficult to encapsulate for disposal.
In addition, activation J
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I products such as Ni-63 and Nb-94 must se considered when performing waste classification calculations.
We have prepared Table 5 which lists more than 506 neutron sources purchased by utilities and principal manufacturers of nuclear power reactors. Not all sources, however, were used at comercial reactors. As can be seen, the logs indicate that neutron sources have been delivered to a variety of Westinghouse and General Electric facilities, suggesting that the sources were used for a variety of purposes. From perusal of the data, we expect that most of the General Electric sources, and at least 50% of the Westinghouse sources, were not delivered to comercial nuclear power reactors.
This still leaves roughly 300 neutron sources probably delivered to nuclear power reactors.
It is impossible to tell how many of these sources were used in reactor cores.
Distribution of GTCC Sources From our analysis of Monsanto manufacturing logs, we estimate that Monanto manufactured and distributed 8,300 GTCC transuranic sources. To make this estimate, sumarized in Table 6, we multiplied the total numbers of each type of transuranic source by the estimated fractions containing radionuclides in quantities exceeding 30 mC1.
In preparing Table 6 (and Table 7), we didn't attempt to roand the results of the calculations, but left them to the nearest whole source.
Done to ease the job of checking calculations, this should not be construed as an inflated accuracy.
The logs provided no information about the sizes of some ty >es of sources. For these sources, Table 6 is marked "no information." All suc1 sources are conservatively assumed to be GTCC. This assumption is particularly conservative for californium sources. To decay to 30 mci of Cm-248, a source would have to originally contain over 5,000 curies of Cf-252.
Thus, most Cf-252 sources would probably not bc GTCC, unless significant activity was induced from neutron activation, as may be the case if the source was used in a nuclear reactor core. In this case, the source may be difficult to encapsulate before disposal.
If a source could not be encapsulated, classification would have to be based on the volume and mass of the source itself, a much more restrictive calculation.
We have also divided these estimates by the factor 0.7, and have recorded the quotients as the " adjusted number, all industry." This factor is based on Harold Coleman's February 1985 letter in which he estimates that while in operation, Monsanto controlled roughly 70% of the comercial market for transuranic sources. Assuming that this estimate is reasonable, the adjusted number is a rough estimate of all GTCC transuranic sources sold by comercial entities from 1962 through 1984. As listed in Table 6, the adjusted number totals about 11,800 sources.
We then estimated the numbers of GTCC transuranic sources, as sold by Monsanto, for which disposal would be subject to NRC licensing pursuant to the Amendments
L 10 Act(Table 7). TheAmendmentsActstatesthatthefederalgovernment'(DOE)is responsible for disposal of --
(a) low-level radioactive waste owned or generated by DOE; (b) low-level radioactive waste owned or generated by the U.S. Navy and resulting from decommissioning U.S. Navy vessels; (c) low-level radioactive waste owned or generated by the federal government and resulting from researching, developing, testing, or producing any atomic weapon; and (d) any other low-level radioactive waste having radionuclides concentrations exceeding the Part 61 Class C limits as in effect on January 26, 1983.
The Amendments Act also states that disposal of waste identified by item (d),
and generated from activities licensed by NRC, shall be disposed in a facility licensed by NRC.
This means that the number of GTCC sources, as sold by Monsanto, for which eventual disposal would be licensed by NRC, would be a subset of the total number of GTCC sources sold. Excluded would be sources sold to foreign entities, sources owned by DOE, sources owned by the Navy for use in nuclear submarines and other nuclear vessels, and sources owned by the fedaral government and used as part of nuclear weapons work. Included would be sources sold to the government for medical or other applications.
Using the information in Section III, as well as the information in Appendix D, we have estimated the numbers of sources remaining after excluding sources sold to DOE, to DOE contractors when clearly identified as such, to laboratories known to be heavily involved in nuclear navy or nuclear weapons programs, and i
to foreign entities. The fractions determined from this process are listed on Table 7, as are the products resulting from multiplying these fractions by the numbers of GTCC. sources. These products represent the total numbers of i
Monsanto GTCC sources, as sold, for which eventual disposal would be theoretically subject to NRC licensing. As before, we have divided these numbers by the factor 0.7 to represent Monsanto's estimated share of the total commercial market from 1962 through 1984. These calculations result in 7',800 and 11,100 sources, respectively.
Finally, although Tables 6 and 7 may approximate the numbers of GTCC sources sold, they exaggerate the numbers of sources that will actually be disposed as GTCC waste. Some sources were undoubtedly disposed before restrictions on commercial disposal of transuranic low-level waste became effective in November 1979. Many sources have been exported or used in new applications. For f
example, within the last few years a well-logging company has donated several l
hundred large AmBe sources to hospitals for use in medical diagnostic l
procedures. Thus, a source having no more use in one application may be successfully used in another. Finally, in many instances small sources have been combined and reencapsulated to form a smaller number of larger sources.
I This is conmionly done for small well-logging sources.
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V.
CONCLUSION This report presents the results of an analysis of the sales records and manufacturing logs for the Monsanto Research Corporation. From 1962 through 1984, Monsanto dominated the commercial market for manufacture of large transuranic sources.
Detailed sales records were available for 1970 through 1983. During these years, 52% of the Mons &nto sales were to well-logging customers, 19% to reactors, 9% to foreign entities, and only 3% to the government. One company
-- SchlumberSer -- accounted for 94% of the well-logging sales, or fully 49% of all Monsanto sales.
Monsanto r, manufactured 11,60s.1 transuranic sources, of which 8,300 are estimated tc contain transuranic isotcpes in quantities that, if disposed [We used a 30-Ci would exceed the Class C concentration limits as listed in 10 CFR Part 61.
criterion to identify a GTCC source.) Assuming that Monsanto represented 70%
of the commercial transuranic source market, as estimated by a former Monsanto manager, this implies manufacture, through 1984, of 11,800 GTCC transuranic sources by the commercial industry.
We also estimated the numbers of sources, as sold by Monsanto, for which disposal would be subject to NRC licensing under the Amendments Act. This estimate was made by excluding sources sold to DOE, to DOE contractors, to laboratories known to be heavily involved in nuclear navy or nuclear weapons programs, and to Toreign entities.
We calculated 7,800 GTCC sources, or 11,100 sources manufactured by the total commercial industry, if we again assume that Monsanto represented 70% of the market.
It is important to recognize, however, that although these estimates may approximate the numbers of GTCC sources sold, they exaggerate the nunbers of sources that will actually be disposed as GTCC waste. Some sources were undoubtedly disposed before restrictions on transuranic disposal became effective. Many sources have been exported or used in new applications. Many small well-logging sources have been combined to form a smaller number of larger sources.
Furthermore, the estimates are exagger sted because of a number of conservative assumptions made in response to uncertainties. These assumptions tend to exaggerate the calculated numbers of GTCC sources sold for connercial application in the United States.
The uncertainties could be significantly reduced by analyzing the individual Monsanto shipment records. Although several thousand manifests would have to be reviewed, the job would be greatly facilitated using computer storage and data manipulation tcchniques. From this analysis, one could positively identify the sizes of the sources and, because the manifests contain the addresses of the customers, positively ioentify the specific facilities to which the sources were delivered. Dr.e could precisely calculate the
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distribution of the sources among comercial and government customers, as well I
as the distribution of the sources among foreign and domestic customers.
Uncertainties could be further reduced by obtaining and analyzing the records of other companies manufacturing transuranic sources. This project would obtain information that would be used to assess Monsanto's estimate of their 70% market share. One formcr Monsanto competitor, whose records would be a prime candidate for analysis, is Gulf Nuclear, l
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Table 3.
Quantities of Selected Sources Manufactured by Monsanto Sources. _
Number Sources Number Pu-238/Be.
508 Cm-244 32 Pu-238/Li 64 Pu-233/Li/Cs 15 Cf-252 317 Pu-238/Li/Co 3
Pu-238/B 3
Np 79 Pu-238/C 2
o Pu-238/F 4-TD-Np 45$
(Total neutron)
(593)
):.
TD-Po 421 Pu 238 (alpha) 470 TD-Pu/A1 3
Pu-239/Be 469 Pu-239/B 2
TD-Am 1-r Pu-239/F1 1
(Total neutron)
(472)
Ra-226 518 Pr239 (c1pha) 158 Ni 10 j
Am-241/Be 5,887 Sr 124 Am-241/Be/Cs 16 Am-241/Li 323 C
2 Am-241/8 21 Am-241/F 4
Cs 261 (Total neutron) -(K,051)
)
'Am-241 (gamma) 2,530 Am/Pu 3
l i
i
p 4
y,
.u-
- <j
-f,_
'17 Table 4.
Neutron Sources Purchased by Well-Logging Custo:ners and Others in the Petr6fWW Jndustry Sources
- Customer AmBe Am8 AmLi Pu8Be Pb8ti, Pu9Be Cf-252 Total Schlumberger 3,210 73 1
43 4
3,331 McCullough 35 2
37 Lane Wells 16 77 93 Mobil R&D 3
1 4
Socony Mobil 1
1 Halliburton 80 80 Welex 26 8
34 Welex-Halliburton S
5 Gearhart-Owen 92 92 Gearhart Ind.
2 2
Great Guns 2
2 Shelwell 4
4' Pan-Geo Atlas 6
6 Piper Walls 2
2 Eastern Wells 2
2 Dres ser-Atlas 9
1 10 Seismograph 50 50 Phillips Pet. Co.
3 1
4 Atlantic P.efining Co.
I 1
Texaco, Inc.
9 9
Gulf R&D 1
1 2
Gulf Energy 3
1 9
13 3,498 9
3 126 1
133 14 3,784
- AmBe:
Am-241/Bery11tum; AmB: Americium-241/ Boron; AmLi:
Am-241/ Lithium; Pu8Be:
Pu-238/Bery111um; Pu8Li:
Pu-238/ Lithium; Pu9Be:
Pu-239/Bery11ium.
l
18 Table 5.
Neutron Sources Purchased by Major Reactor Vendors and. Utilities Sources
- Customer AmBe Pu8Be Pu8F Pu8Li Pu9Be Pu98 Cm-252 Total Westinghouse 52 13 1
1 86 153 Westinghouse-PAD 12 4
16 Westinghouse-APD 1
1 Westinghouse-Boron 1
1 Westinghouse-Astro 6
3 9
Westinghouse-NES 21 22 43 Westinghouse-xxxx 39 39 Westinghouse-Bettis 9
1 3
1 3
17 General Electric (GE) 19 3
8 7
1 38 GE-MAO 38 19 57 GE, Hanford 3
1 4
GE, San Jose 3
3 GE, Schenectady 1
1 Combustion Engineering 39 63 102 Babcock and Wilcox 5
4 4
13 Various Utilities 13 16 6
35 g
General Atomics 6
1 7
- AmBe:
Am-241/Bery111um; Pu8Be:
Pu-238/Bery111um; Pu8F:
Pu-238/ Fluorine; 4
Pu8Li:
Pu-238/ Lithium; Pu9Be:
Pu-239/Bery11ium, Pu9B:
Pu-239/ Boron.
l i
1 1
I I
l 1
o, l-H i
19 Table 6.
Estimated Manufacture of GTCC Sources by Monsanto Number GTCC Adjusted Type of humber Sold by Number, All Source Sold Percent GTCC Monsanto industry Pu-238/Be 508 97 493 704 Pu-238/Li 64 100 64 91 Pu-238/Li/Cs 15 NI*
(15)**
21 Pu-238/Li/Co 3
-NI (3) 4 Pu-238/8 3
NI (3) 4 Pu-238/C 2
NI (2) 3 Pu-238/F 4
100 (4) 6 Pu-238 alpha 479 75 364 520 Pu-239/Be 469 97 455 650 Pu-239/8 2
100 2
3 Pu-239/F1 1
100 1
1 Pu-239 alpha 158 2
3 4
Am-241/Be 5,887 95 5,593 7,930 Am-241/Be/Cs 16 NI (16) 23 Am-241/Li 123 100 123 176 Am-241/8 21 100 21 30 Am-241/F 4
NI (4) 6 Am'241 gamma 2,530 20 506 723 Am/Pu 3
0 0
0 Cm-244 32 NI (32) 46 Cf-252 317 NI (317) 453 Np 79 0
0 0
TD-Np 459 0
0 0
TD-Pu 421 60 253 361 TD-Pu/Al 3
NI (3) 4 TD-Am 1
NI (1) 1 11,604 8,278 11,824
- Calculated assuming 100% GTCC.
_.__mm..__-_---
d 20 l
l Table 7.
Estimated Manufacture of GTCC Sources with Respect to the Provisions of the Amendments Act Number GTCC Percent Number GTCC Adjusted Type of Sold by Not 00E Subject to Number, All i
Source Monsanto or Forelan Amendments Act Industry Pu-238/Be 493 78 385 550 Pu-238/Li 64 89 57 81 Pu-238/Li/Cs 15 100 15 21 Pu-238/Li/Co 3
100 3
4 l
Pu-238/8 3
33 1
1 Pu-238/C 2
50 1
1 Pu-238/F 4
SC 2
3 Pu-238 alpha 364 96 349 499 Pu-239/Be 455 88 400 571 l
Pu-239/8 2
50 1
1 Pu-239/F1 1
0 0
0 Pu-239 alpha 3
75 2
3 Am-241/Be 5,593 98 5,481 7,830 Am-241/Be/Cs 16 100 16 23 Am-241/Li 123 92 113 161 Am-241/8 21 67 14 20 l
Am-241/F 4
100 4
6 Am-241 gamma 506 96 486 694 Am/Pu 0
100 0
0 l
Cm-244 32 94 30 43 Cf-252 317 70 222 317 5
Np 0
97 0
0 TD-Np 0
82 0
0 TD-Pu 253 77 195 279 l
TD-Pu/A1 3
100 3
4 TD-Am 1
100 1
1 8,278 7,781 11,113 i
O O
4 m
5 4
g t
APPENDIX A l
e
4 Morisarito
~
w oecemmet CESTER
'85 MR -4 All C
"***^"'*c**"'
Dayton taboratory i;
1515 Nichots Road
. P O. Som 8. Station B
,_ 2 / d _,, _
Dayton, Ohio 46407 Phone: (613) 768-3411 TWX 81o 459-1681 L
22 February 198
.1.
_, ~ _, _ _ _
,s X sari bi r. o M, 7
.........../
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Mail Stop SS623 Washington, D.C.
20555 Attn:
Mr. Garry Roles This is pursuant to your telephone discussion with our Mr. R. L. Schimmel on 20 February and myself on 22 February 1985 regarding sealed radiation sources containing transuranic radioisotopes.
We have examined our records and pre-pared a listing by radioisotope of the number of sealed radioisotope sources which Monsanto has manufactured and delivered since our commercial operation started in 1961.
As verbally indicated, we have not. included the very low-level sources of quantities negligable to the subject inquiry.
It is our estimate that Monsanto has generally supplied approximately 70% of the market for sealed radiation sources containing these radioisotopes.
Other suppliers of such soureus include Gulf Nuclear Corporation and Nuclear Sources and Services, Inc. both in Texas, New England Nuclear Corporation, Numec Corporation (now ARCO Inc. ; closed), U.S. Nuclear Corporation (closed), and the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham England.
We trust this is the information you need and if we can offer further assis-tance, please contact me.
Very t ly yours,
~l rh lHaroldColeman
-s* s w _
~
Manufacturing Manager HC/bd e8
- __ ---_.._ __.._ -_ _ __-__._..-_--.___-- - ----_-___ - _ __._ _ - - _ _ - - - -_ _.- _ _ ~._ _
i
~
Number' Est. Total Est. we. of DESCRIPTION of Items Content Isotope _
(approx.)
l Am-241 Gamma Sources 800 400 C1 120 gm Am-241-Be Neutron Sources 5,887 48,000 C1 14,250 gm i
Am-241-B Neutron Sources 30 210 Ci 65 gm j
Am-241-F Neutron Sources 4
60 Ci 18 gm Am-241-Li Neutron Sources 121 1,200 C1 360 gm i
~
- Pu-239-Be Neutron Sources
- 466 1.,400 C1 22.4 Kg Pu-238 Heat Sources 257 2,050 C1 120 gm Pu-238 Gamma Scurces 220 130 Ci 8 gm Pu-238-Be Neutron Sources 509 12,750 Ci 740 gm Pu-238-B Neutron Sources 3
50 Ci 3 gm Pu-238-F Neutron Sources 4
80 Ci 5 gm Pu-238-Li Neutron Sources 63 750 C1 44 gm U-235 Threshold Detector 173 605 gm U-238 Threshold Detector 301 900 sm Np-234 Threshold Detector 516 130 gm /
j Cf-252 Neutron Source 317 32 Ci 60 mrm TOTALS 9,205 Total Am-241 49,870 Ci 15,100 gm Total Pu-238 15,800 Ci 920 gm 1
l l
- Note:
Is is presumed that almost all of the sources c.ontaining Pu-239 have been returned to the U.S. Government.
These items have not been included in totals precented.
o
.x 9
b, Summary of Telephone Conversation Person called: Harold Coleman EG8G-Mound Laboratory
-(Formerly of Monsanto, Dayton Laboratory)
Ohio l
Person callingi G.W. Roles Division of Low-Level Waste Management and Decommissioning, NMSS Date:
March 28, 1989 Telephone:
513-865-4020
Subject:
Information About Sealed Sources Manufactured by Monsanto By February 22, 1985 letter, Harold Coleman sent me sunnary information.
(attached) regarding the numbers and types of sealed sources manufactured and distributed by Monsanto during the years 1961 through 1984 Mr. Coleman l
estimated that during this period, Monsanto distributed about 9200 transuranic sources, supplying approximately 70% of the market for sealed sources containing transuranic radioisotopes. Mr. Coleman was telephoned in an attempt to obtain additional information regarding the sources distributed; specifically: the numbers of well-logging sources sold and the numbers of 3
sources distributed by or to the federal government.
Mr. Coleman explained that most of the records on company customers and operation were discarded when the Monsanto-Dayton sealed source operation was terminated and the facility decommissioned. He estimated, however, that to the best of his recollection, about 98 to 99 percent of the americium sales were to commercial customers. About 80 to 90 percent of the AmBe activity was sold as well-logging sources, and of these sources, about 30 to 90 percent were high-activity (on the order of 16 curies apiece) well-logging sources sol'd to
~Schlumberger.
Some of the Pu-238/Be sources, up to 50 curies in size, were also used for well-logging.
Mr Coleman thought that Monstanto's government work was negligible. Monsanto didn't actively seek government work. Almost all, however, of the 466 Pu-239/Be sources listed in his 2/22/85 letter were manufactured using government-owned material.
(Six to eight Pu-239/Be sources were manufactured using plutonium purchased from the Atomic Energy Commission and were exported.)
Mr. Coleman thought that most of these Pu-239 sources, which were leased to universities and other organizations, had been returned to the federal government.
(I told I had the impression that there were a number of Pu-239/Be sources still in cir lati
.)
" cable sources" and typically 3 curies in size)ystem check sources (also c Monsanto manufactured 1 to 200 AmBe reactor s for the nuclear navy. Monsanto
= _ _.
- - - D
4 l
HC TC 3/28/89 also manufactured for the navy some Pu-238/Be reactor start-up and large check sources using government-owned plutonium.
In addition, Monsanto manufactured sources for other federal government agencies using government-owned Pu-238. Monsanto made at least a dozen 50-curie Pu-238/Be sources for Brookhaven.
These large sources were used for medical activation analysis techniques and all were made using government-owned plutonium.
As he recalled, Los Alamos purchased a number of Pu-238 neutron sources using unusual target elements, including lithium, boron, and fluorine. These sources were generally made using commercially owned Pu-238. Mr. Coleman could not recall whether any were made using government-owned material.
Mr. Coleman suggested that I contact Mr. Richand Hart of Monsanto Laboratories (513-268-3411). He thought that Mr. Hart might have some additional information.
In particular, Mr. Hart might ce able to discuss the Monsanto shipping papers.
These shipping papers indicate the identities of the customers and what the customers were shipped, although these records might currently not be in the best order. To Mr. Coleman's recollection, the records f.illed a couple of file drawers.
(Note: To ensure an accurate transcription of the conversation, this summary was reviewed and edited by Mr. Coleman.)
e
n
~
i, APPENDIX B i
1 l,
1 I
n l
l 1
i i
l l
1 l
l l
l s
l 1
k 1
J 1
e
i mcg*o UNITED STATES
^g
[
g:
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION g
a WASHINGTON, D. C. 2055ti j
t, p
JUL 101989 MEMORANDUM FOR: John Austin, Acting Chief i
Regulatory Branch Division of Low-Level Waste Management j
and Decommissioning FROM:
G.W. Roles Regulatory Branch Division of Low-Level Waste Management and Decommissioning
SUBJECT:
JUNE 30 VISIT TO MONSANTO FACILITY IN DAYTON, OHIO The purpose of the trip was~ to review and copy records of manufacture and distribution of sealed sources by the Monsanto Corporation.
From 1962 through 1984, Monsanto manufactured several thousand high-activity sealed sources containing americium-241 and other transuranic isotopes.
To copy the records, I used a portable, single-feed copier borrowed from NRC. My contact at Monsanto was Mr. Richard Hart (513-268-3411).
While Monsanto was producing sealed sources, a considerable number of records i
were maintained. When Monsanto ceased operation, however, and decommissioned its sealed source manufacturing facility, many of the records were discarded, leaving only those required by NRC regulations.
Of the available records, those of immediate interest to us include copies of actual shipment manifests, the manufacturing log books, and sales sumaries listing customers and charges.
I had hoped to find records that summarized, in one location, the following),
j 1
information:
dates, source numbers and descriptions (sizes, isotopes, etc.
and customers.
I had hoped that the manufacturing log books would provide this summary. Unfortunately, the log books were incomplete and the writing in many cases difficult to decipher. Available sumary information concentrated on j
sales to customers, although for many years Monsanto maintained logs that l
summarized the numbers of sources sold and their sizes. This meant that the only way to get complete information was to copy all the shipment manifests.
The shipment manifests were organized by year and by month. Unfortunately, it soon came apparent that desk-model copier I was using was far too slow to copy I
all manifests in one day. Assuming I had access to e high-speed, automatic-feed copier with collator, such as the ones available for staff use at the White Flint offices, the job of copying and organizing the manifests could have been completed in about half a day. As it was, I was forced to compromise.
I copied one entire year (1978) of shipment mainfests, plus for each y(ear of operation, available sumary information.
Generally, customer lists and sales on a dollar basis) were available on a yearly basis, as were lists of the numbers of sources sold, plus isotopes and sizes.
I also copied those portions of the log books that addressed manufacture of sources containing isotopes of interest to us.
(Samples of the information obtained are enclosed.) The A
2 effort took a day of continuous work, from first coffee at 8:15 a.m. until the office was closed and the records storage vault locked at 4:30 p.m.
The information that was obtained will definitely be useful to us.
But this information is incomplete and is spread through hundreds of sheets of paper.
How can we process the data? As one option we could sort through the information in-house. We would concentrate on hitting high points such as identifying the largest customers and estimating the numbers of sources distributed by assuming proportional relationships to the doller values of the sales. Alternatively, we could arrange to have a contractor sort the information.
Better yet, perhaps DOE would be willing to compile and sort the data as part of their greater-than-Class C effort.
If we adopt the second option, I suggest that im consider paying Monsanto to copy all of the shipment manifests. The shipumt manifests are organized by year and by month, and the job could be compfstes using a high speed, automatic-feed, copier in a few hours.
Certainly the total cost would not exceed $1X.
I discussed the possibility of such a purchase order with Mr.
Hart, so that if we went ahead with the purchase, he would know the particular records we are interested in.
l I also suggest traveling to Houston, TX to obtain similar shipment records from i
Gulf Nuclear. While in operation, I understand that Gulf Nuclear manufactured and distributed 1000 to 2000 large transuranic sources, mainly well-logging sources. Gulf Nuclear personnel have expressed a willingness to permit our access to their records. We could perhaps combine the visit with one to Nuclear Sources and Services, Inc., a company currently storing thousands of well-logging and other sources.
h,3
=
G.W. Roles Regulatory Branch Division of Low-Level Waste Management and Decommissioning
Enclosures:
Examples of Monsanto Records
'M ONS ANT O RES EAR CII Colt P O1t ATIO N SHIPPING DATA FORM 4
uo c.n o : A a v oP n o x
.s u r o c a.w..s y v l
ENGCEERED PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT DATE OFsn>PwCNT Anotess: StatW B, Box 8, Dayton, Ohio 45407 USAEC License No. $NM467 F.o.a. PolNT 1515 NICHOL.A3 ROAD, Dayton, Ohio 45418 Telephone: 268 4769 Area Code 513
"'^
*"W"'""
W hg meter freight 11597 F
~'l TO:
SHIPPING ADDRE$$3 Schlumberger Well Services
- p. O. Sex 2175 Hausten. Texas 77001
/
di Schlenberger Well 5arefees 2250 Schlumberger Street L
.J Neuston. Texas 77023 Accountability data Custom:r Purchase Order No.
22833 Customer License No.
Texas 8-1833 instrument Serial Number ITEM DESCRIPTION PR ICE UNITS ORDERED QTY. SMIPPE not applicable Technical Information swiPPiwo cowvAiwER DEsempTion Typa of source:
aestrea 5 ea. 30 Salim dreas isotope:
An-241 Chemicai Form:
Am02 E-3049.3022.3048.3070,306i Tuo:t (if any):
beryllfum USA DOT 7A. Type A Source No.
Am't of Isotope Wt. of Target,
Particle Energy Emissien Rate.Date M2C-AnSe-2824 14.85 C1 er 28.0 gas a.m.
4.04 1 107 m/sec A-1279 4.333 gas 4RC-Asse-2425 14.30 Cf er 28.0 gas n.m.
3.89 2 107 m/sec A-1280 4.171 gas 1
MRC-Aste-2826 14.15 C1 er 2R.0 gas a.m.
3.85 I 10 m/see A-1281 4.123 gas MRC-As8e-1827 14.30 C1 er 28.0 gas n.s.
3.89 1 107 s/sec A-1282 4.171 gas l 4RC-A28e-2828 14.19 C1 or 28.0 gas a.s.
3.84 1 107 s/sec A-1283 4.140 ans Soure:(s) Container
Description:
Price of Source (s)
~
~
$.J I SS7f
/
' per SMS Ows. H-142108 container deposit / price [. ~
Totai 5 e.2.7 9,2 (materict, dimensions, window thickness, if any)
Remarks:
M.0. 411.3'580 035-750 MONS ANTO,RESE ARCl4' C0pFOR ATl0H The isetape as packaged la theos amumena mest special ey form requirassat at the taas of shipmast. Canditissa Robert R. Taylor Titl*
of use and sesvies time ehesid be esasidased befers
.Tamager, sperations EGShipWSEE N op0ESA1 fern.
Cate 9 n?
T*
1978 SALES BREAKDOWN l
l idSCELLANEOUS GOVERNMENT J. L. Sheperd 4,990 California, Univ, of 32,475 Ortec 4,262 Bureau of Mines 150 Nebraska, Univ. of 1,354 Sandia Laboratories 14,945 General Atomic 1,850 Brookhaven National Lab 11,980 General Electric 2,480 59,550 l
Jersey Central P&L 7,490 MDH Industries 16,900 MEDICAL General Motors 5,320 Univ. of Arizona 13,800 Reuter Stokes 18,085 Toronto, Univ. of 2.090 Princeton Gamma Tech 15,432 Raytheon 1,250 Omaha Public Power 5,370 Girard Leasing 14,960 Mill Power Supply Co.
2,595
. National Nuclear 12,296 32,100 98,424 LOGGING GUAGING Schlumberger Well 841,520 Halliburton Services 25,245 Ohnart Corp.
15,455 Texaco 26,480 Texas Nuclear 23,896 Industrial Nucleonics 3,255 893,245 42,606 INSTRUMENTS REACTOR Monsanto-Columbia 19,500
. Babcock & Wilcox 25,980 Westinghouse 3,110 32,500 Combustion Eng.
2,740 31,830 FOREIGN Ortec-Germany 8,531 Mitsubishi 44,055 Venezuela 73,345 Japan 22,550 KWU 101,445 249,926 TOTAL 1,440,181 6/12/79 nyb
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APPENDIX C 9
" - ~ ~ - - - -. _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ ^ ^ - - - ~ - -
+
SALES 1970 REACTOR INSTRUMENTS W-Nes
$ 43,425 Monsanto Columbia
$ 1,360 Cousbustion Engineering 42,830 MC 445 W-Nes 40,375 1,805 126.630 FOREIGN LOGGING Nissho-!wai 250 G. O.
12,901 Saskatchewan 725 SWS 83,895 University of Toronto' 17,140 Halliburton 2.435 Atomika GmBH 1,675 Atomchem 162 99,231 Canada Soil 715 Rensselaer Polyt 1.385 GUAGING 22.052 Ohmert 32,345 Texas Nuclear 7,272 Ind. Nucleonics 12,315 51,932 GOVERNMENT NASA-Goddard 140 Brookhaven 21.160 US Army 235 W-PAD ti 12,060 Argonne Lab 125 Lockheed Missile 425 NBS 141 Army 14.075 W-Bettis 9,790 Los Alamos 475
^
58,626 MEDICAL-l Hihman Assoc.
3,740 Kettering Cancer Center 1,115 Cincinnati Hospital 200 University Pennsylvania Hosp.
110 5,165 at O
e m
b
SALES 1970 MISCELLANEOUS Union Carbide USAEC New York
.$ 2.134 IPL 175 S E Missouri College 225 J C Haynes 950 Illinois University 285 Ag Dept. Nebraska 560 390 ORTEC Cornell Universit 625 Hiram College 2.820 California Univ. y 905 5.185 California University 1.125 Mass. IT 175 Tougaloo Kansas State Univ.
1.395 Carolina P & L.
1.265
- J. L. Shepherd 170 Iowa University 325 Kerr-Mcgee 1.080 Fittsburg Univ.
390 S. California 4.750 Baylor Univ.
745 Consumers Power 2.110 Colorado Univ.
-125 California' State 85 National Nuclear 195 3M
,,4 0J30, Michigan Univ.
2.295 2
Wyoming Univ.
1.850 101.313 Chicago Univ.
54 California Univ.
515 TOTAL
$ 466.754 7 National Nuclear 420 NRDL/MRC 9.'dB0 Litton Systems 3.915 W-Astronuclear 965 J..L. Shepherd 1.995 St. Lawrence Univ.
11.416 Union Carbide 115 Gulf GA 1.020 Radiation Materials 3.100 NEN 280 Westerr. Electric 240 Rutgers Univ.
3.920 ORNL 1.022
'l 8.580 Carr-Fastener Purdue Univ.
575 800 Amscience Engr.
Chicago Univ.
140 1.750
. Masonite Corp.
850 OK State University W.Nes 510 Dupont 2.000 Catholic U 640 85 Chattanooga Cambridge Nuclear 2.650 Yale 750 J L Shepherd 380 Solberg & Andersen 1.377 Dept. Ag 2.090 Mound 200 3,415 e
4 e
W 4
9
- 4 f,,e
- ;.9 f -
1971 SALES REACTOR
_ GOVERNMENT i
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
W-House
$ 122,879 Sandfatl. abs !
285 '
W. House 35.370 Brookhaven Labs 680 -
i Base Procurement 470 '-
158'249 NRL 1.000 2,435,.
LOGGING Eastern Well Surveys 835 '
FOREIGN
$N db' SWS-Doll 9.300 s
Ha111berton 9.180 '
University of Saskatchewan 625 G. O.
12.280 "
Seimens s ;42;446 -
Mobil 5,750 '
Euratom J *- 2.700 !
Ptper Wells 975 Environmental-G
- - 3.650'!?
Welex 3,875 '
GmBh Atomika l.085'!
SWS 110,765 Italian Economic 4,260 -
Gulf Energy 11.300 '
Netherlands 850 2,085 ' !,
l Brazilian 164,260 Romagnoli 1,085$ '
7 USAEC 425 GUAGING 59,211' Republic Steel 1,775 Ind. Nucleonics 12.480 MISCELLAN!OUS Ohmart.
7,630 Texas Nuclear 5,955 Vought Aero
.'5 E Y 2N W -
I Kevex Corp 1.940 ft. Monmouth 1,760 29'780 Yale University MO.
i Bell Telephone 915 Union Carbide 150 08ICC"%
II MEDICAL j
Dow 1,180 V A Hospital 200 New York State Univ. - -
85
+
Florida Tech.
820 Hittman Assoc.
18,434 W. Michigan Univ.
115..-
c 1 ge er Universit y 4.n.
d} 6 och I
1 19,874 Cornell Univ.
370,
l 1.
i " Ir' ':i.
ag v.
INSTRUMENTS IPL 800 '
l Michigan Univ.
225 Monsanto St. Louis 1.275 Genaral Dynamics 365 Monsanto Columbia 1 275 Mill Power 5,275 M
Kentucky Univ.
1,025 Colorsdo Univ.
225 Louisville Univ.
600 t
6 ann e-
?
- /.A..
Nh).)
- f *T*g, /,f i k Wtv 4
,, 5:yx-i iy
,gh R.
- ' I.'
I,.,.. A .'j s ( -, 4.'[pa s. s is thy i E l
i 1971 SALES MISCELLANE0US l. Nuclear Semiconductor 115 California IT 190 J. L. Shepherd 2,230 Cambrid;e Nuclear 4.050 CRTEC 890 EPA 115 l-Reynolds Metal 2,800 1 NEN 240 i Bedford Eng. 1,450 Dupont 1,700 Astrophysics 32.785 ~ i California University 2.130 Reynolds 1,335 1 3M 4,570 Madison College 225 Michigan Univesity 8.990 S W Louisiana Univ. 640 National Accelerator 1,260 t Sandwich H S 425 Radiation Material 170 Panametrics 85 82.695 TOTAL $519,054 a g e e i s 1E " -+ 4 "$ h.. ,g.n
- c... e. t
- .3 T-s.
6 4 ~*i e' i k, _ sy- ? m + vp ia 4.. y n ,4 1
- . es_
e . $, 4, 4, ;. -- ~
t p-L SALES 1972 REACTOR GOVERNMENT W-House $ '35,310 Aberdeen Prov. - 225 i W-House 4,705 Newport News 750 Combustion Engineering 28,731 Jet Propulsion 6,250 Naval Undersea 740 l 68'746 Brookhaven 1,110 i USACMLCS 750 LOGGING Argonne '335 l '10,160 i SWS 358,975 SWS-Doll 6,250 G. O. 6,300 FOREIGN Gulf. Energy 41.590 I Halliburton 2,295 India 5,705 ' Piper Wells. 775 Sweden 325 Mobil.011 635 France 920 Welex 3,250 Germany 1,030 Western. Company 7,165 Toronto 3,760 ~ Eastern Wells 835 Finland .5.290 i Canada 640 428,070 Turkey 590 GmBh 370 q MEDICAL 18,630 q Resalab Inc. 4,235 i Am Oncologic Hospital 280 MISCELLANEOUS j 4,515 Rutgers 300 ORTEC 1,292 Ball State 205 INSTRUMENTS I DOW 985 L Monsanto Columbia 2,554' De a n p n University University of California 10,545 -General Dynamics 1,690 GUAGING Union Carbide 840 l J L Shepherd 3.512 j Nuc ar Roch '. Nuclear Chicago 5,975 Ba!telle 9 225 1 Ohmart 13,315 i Kay-Ray 3,750 Texas Nuclear 10.437 Un'iversity of Notre Dame 150 Ind. Nucleonics 1,250 NEN 250 34,489 USAF 1,120 I Northern States 1,500 1 General Electric 585 University of Rochester 85 Nuclear Diodes 165 Jersey Nuclear 780 University of Cincinnati 180 IPL 185 l i I ] - --_ _ _ ___9
SALES 1972'(continued); ( MISCELLANEOUS (continued) RCA-640 Panametrics 100 Blue Ridge 645 Emmanuel College .85 Johnson & Assoc. 275-Bendix. 459 Goddard -135 Texas A + M. 725. ' j ^ Bicron 135 Metropolitan 1,180 Goddard '135 32,346 TOTAL $599,510 / l .g l 4 l' e S 4 9
L, 1 4 J. SILES'1973' c h h-l
- REACTOR GOVERNMENT.
l .W-House- $ 141,168 GE-M 0 $ 15,713 l L ? Consumers Power 5.835. Edison-11,860 Combustion Engineering 31.902 MISCELLANEOUS -j 190,765-Dupont 500 i ORTEC 2,498' q LOGGING Union Carbide 2,005 Numec-900 i 'Gearhart Owen 4,070' Department Interior 780 l ' KHS 1,295 Piper Well. Surveys 835 g Yale. 330 Mobil Res; & Dev.' 3,090 Gulf 5,170 Welex. 15,400 .i Case Western 115 i Halliburton 6.245 Seismograph 13,125 State College 760 Dresser Atlas 9,835 ason & Hanger 5,355
- j McCullough-9,600 J. L. Shepherd 7,195-00W-4,135 i
She71well Services 915 -393-333,205 Midiand 275 Panametrics 255 i 396,320 Colorado 595 i USA Energy. -840 i Virginia. 1,340 GUAGING Aerospace 985 Northern States 855 i Republic Steel 3,907 University of California 6,715 l Ohmart 32,600 Sendix 145 i Texas Nuclear 11.,415 GM 2,030 i 'Ind; Nucleonics 4,410 Creighton University 85 .j 52,332 General Dynamics 17S IRT 34,220 l National Nuclear 2,000 i ,y . MEDICAL-- General Electric 3,G30 JFK Space 1.150 .Coratomic 7,540 University of Illinois
- 615 Texas University 130
.R2salab, Inc. 11,940 Columbia Scientific 19,480 Texas Aim ~ 4,000 760 ~ University of Wisconsin 215 I Nuclear Chicago 2,175 INSTRUMENTS 3M 675 Arkansas P & L 1,780 jHonsanto56da' Springs 3,290 University of Chicago 25
- Monsanto Columbia 20,297 96,908
.Monsanto 14.177 TOTAL $ 810,117 _10 REIGN, Mexico 470 Japan 365 835 s
7-- ~ v L l ^ b SALES 1974 i L / MISCELLANEOUS REACTOR W-Hous i $ 185,449 S. Carolina State $ 1.855 Combus son r gineering 74.058 Carolina P & L 1.820 Babcock
- 1cox 109.910 Univ. of Washington 3.235 Southern Metheutst 425 369.417 OuPont
-7.250 3M 3.120 l-225 National Lead LOGGING Tennessee State 1.150 Union Carbide Corp' oration 98!i Baroid Div.-McCu11ou9h 3.000 Edlon International 3.225 SW5 333 985 J. L. Shepherd 3.676 Gearhart-Owen 3 605 National Nuclear 4.200 Seismograph Service 2.340 Arkansas P & L 795 Welex 14*700 b Ch'"IC8I 7*050 Halliburton 3 370 Indiana & Michigan P & L 925 Western Co. 19 545 ARCO 175 380.545 New York 1.150 University of Chicago 9.100' 1 Washington State 1.520 i. i GUAGING Monsanto Mound 500 Mason & Nanger 1.750 Ohmart Corporation 22.115 GM Corporation 5.000 Texas Nuclear 12.745 IRT 21.935 Ind. Nucleonics 29.420 DC Cook Nuclear. 86S l Rater Stokes 640 81.931 ( Republic Steel .5.650 70.570 FOREIGN Austria 1,360 l MEDICAL Finland 2.443 - Greece 1.233 l Walter Reed 7.090 Venezuela t.600 ARCO 165.035 India 5.425 172.125 Singapore 680 12.738 GOVERNMENT TOTAL 51.151.240 Sandia Laboratories 5.850 Brookhaven 5.860 GE-MAO 21.069 32.779 INSTRUMENTS Monsanto-Columbia 17.705 f4onsanto-St. Leuf s 13.430 31.135 s l - - - - - _ - - - - _ - - _ _ _ _. -. _ - - -. = - - - -. - _ - - -
QW y. f; %j J x. A N R L 1975 SALES- ~ REACTOR' .. MISCELLANEOUS Combustion Engineering . $ 65,073 Union Carbide ~ 1,850 - W-House 113.095-Argonne Lab-3,535 Babcock.& Wilcox 3,700 Portland Gas & Electric : 400 Kay~ Ray 2,300 181'868~ University of Conn. 9,025 Georgia Power 2,195-
- LFE Corp.
1.760 LOGGING. 124,617 SWS-- 590,034 Seismograph 83,580,. FOREIGN 673,614, Thailand 6,975' Israel 1.475. . GUAGING KWU 147,129 Iran-2,355-Ohmert. 25,434 Ortec-9,015 Ind. Nucleonics 14,470 j da Texas Nuclear-14,335 ,y, 54,239 171,319 MEDICAL _ INSTRUMENTS Northland Thy,oid 8,400 Monsanto-Columbia 34,359 Monsanto-Soda Springs 7,825 GOVERNMENT 42,105 Brookhaven 10,225 Army Materials & Supplies i 1,5C0 i TOTAL 00 11,725 l,2.,V+1Y . MISCELLANEOUS . Dow Chemical 6,375 Univ. Californie 23,460 U. L. Shepherd 6,285 - Arco Nuclear 36,006 General' Electric 7,386 3M 1,670 University of Chicago 815 Ames Laboratory 5,350 Republic Steel 970 General Atomic 1,285 - National Nucle &r 13,050 Trojan.' Nuclear 900 1
_._----____._.-_-_----.____---.s
+ i ( d \\ p t d ~ 1976 SALES REtCTOR ' MISCELLANEOUS (continued) W-house $ 200,220 Applied Radiation $ 1,335 Babcock & Wilces 3.280 Portland GE 1,445 Purdue 2,005 "03*500 Allied General 2,045 J. L. Shepherd 1,145 LOGGING General Electric 415 Combustion Engineering-150 Drester Atlas 6,896 Schlumberger.- 417,200 '1,525 Florida Power Portland Gas 970 SWS-Doll 280 Halliburton 5.690 121,140 430,M6 FOREIGN s CERN Lab 8,1f,4 - iUniversity Toronto 1,575 .Ind. Nucleonics
- 51,790 Ohmcrt 46,405 (ORTEC S.A.R.L.
9,600 NDRTEC GmBH 8,000 Texas fluclear 13,258 General Atomic ) 000 C ta R.iea 114,453 218.074 MEDICAL TOTAL $1 American Health Facilities 10,920 o g INSTRUME Q f I Mortsanta Soda Springs 20,618 Munsanto Coluntia 10,117 Monsanto St. Peters 1.00G 31,735 GOVERNMENT { MISCELLANEOUS Kay-Ray 6,360 National Nuclear 77,270 Brookhaven 1E0 j EMR 1,020 IRT 4,860 l J. L. Shepherd 4,090 Washington State. 125 l University of California 12,990 3M 925 Orte: E.;15
1977 SALES BREAKDOWN i \\ \\ _ISCELLANE US: GOVERN!iENT M Teledyne W,h C ang 15,675 W-Bettis 24.400 National NuVr 35,800 W-PAD 29,600 IRT Corporation 2,750 Exxon. Nuclear ^ 39,185 North Texas State 150 White Sands 2,615 Industrial Nucleonics 280 Stanford University 3,960 J. L. Sheperd 8,375 California, Univ. of 44,770 Ortec 1,910 General Electric 6,824 Eastme Kodak 59,800 151.354 Gulf R & D 36,020 MEDIC.4L Canberra Industries 2,092 3M 1,795 Defense Personnel 10,200 Princeton Gamma Tech 2',560 (Tripler) Jersey P & L 5,370 10,200 Babcock & Wilcox 20,110 American Elec 2,585 LOGGING ~ IBM 695 Schlumberger Well 262,285 Miami University 1,875 Shellwell Services 1,650 EG&G 2,515 Halliburton 25,440 Alabama Power 3,165 Texaco Inc. 6,145 Westinghouse NFD 24,640 296,520 228,162 INSTRUMENTS GUAGING Monsanto-Columbia 18,880 Ohmart Corp. 51,947 Monsanto-SP 13,000 Texas Nuclear 19,760 31,880 71,707 FOREIGN REACTOR IAEA-Vienna 16,395 Westinghottse 215,295 KWU 1,235 Combustion Eng. 137,590 Japan Radioisotope 9,209 W-PSPD 4,460 26,839 357,345 TOTAL 1,174,007 6/12/79 nyb
1978 SALES BREAKDOWN MSSCEL.A00VS GOVERNMENT %+ J. L. Sheperd 4,990 California, Univ. of 32,475 -- Ortec 4,262 Bureau of Mines 150 Nebraska, Univ. of 1,354 Sandia Laboratories 14,945 General Atomic 1,850 Brookhaven National Lab 11,980 1 General Electric 2,480 59,550 l Jersey Central P&L 7,490 MDH Industries 16,900 MEDICAL i General Motors 5.320 Univ. of Arizona 13,800 INationalNuclear Reuter Stokes 18,085 Two Oh d W Princeton Gamma Tech 15.432 RWes 13 Omaha Public Power 5,370 g Mill Power Supply Co. 2,595 12,296 32,100 i I 98,424 LOGGING ' "*
- 9""
GUAGING Halliburton Services 25,245 Ohmart Corp. 15,455 Texaco 26,48G Texas Nuclear 23,896 Industrial Nucleonics 3,255 1 42,606 INSTRUMENTS I I Monsanto-Columbia 19,500 REACTOR Monsanto-Soda Springs 13,000 Babcock & Wilcox 25,980 32,500 Westinghouse 3,110 Combustion Eng. 2,740 l l 31,830 FOREIGN I l Ortec-Germany 8,531 I Mitsubishi 44,055 Venezuela 73,345 Japan 22,550 KWU 101,445 249,926 l TOTAL 1,440,181 6/12/79 nyb I J ( ]
r 4, L' L i-1979' SALES BREAKDOWN Reactor /L. Jones Westinghouse 232,210 Kra-Jtwerk Union 106,280 Combustion Engineer 42,575' Babcock & Wilcox 36,720 Consumers Power 24,060 441,845 Miscellaneous /L. Jones /K. Flayler .Reuter Stokes' 40 Ortec 22.162 ' Bell Labs 1.565 - Tha il a nd 8,650 Mobil Research 250 IRT-Corp.. 32,445 Exxon Production 2,476 Cincinnati. Gas & Elect 2,595 - Mitsubishi 1,320 Mill Power Supply 4.280 J. L. Shepherd 5.175 TVA 1,315 - AAECRE (Australia) 3.270 Westinghouse 39,715 Combustion Engineer 13,650 138,908 Government /L. Jones Princeton University 1,275 Medical /X. Flayler 0 Instruments /K. Flayler. Monsanto-Columbia 19.995 Monsanto - Soda Springs 8,335 28,330 68 \\
- g.
s s s ? 3: y Gaugino/K. Flayler Texas Nuclear: ' Industrial Nuclear 35,345 Ohmart 22,200 Eberline 22.335 Genera 1JAtomic 2,555 1,990 84,425 Locaing/K. Flayler. 1 Schlumberger F.- $ 1,112.720 Schlumberger'L 'Schlumberger GB -197.950 j Schlumberger N 70,975 "Halliburton 23,000 13,095 $ l'.417,740 Total $ 2,112,523 1
- l S
=
'll 2 ' L.. nf I /[ 1980 SALES BREAK 00WN ,/! / '- ./. REACTOR ~ MISCELLANEOUS ~ W-House $231,380.00 Siemens $ 1,845.00 W-House SbBe 130,460.00 University of Toronto 10,520.00 '
- d... V. 7.yn. Babcock + Wilcox 12,200.00 IAEA (F) 5.499.00-
- Combustion Engineering 272,517.90. Cal. Poly Univ. 6,900.00 $646,557.90 Cal. State Univ. 2.575.00 Canberra 4.910.00 TVA 6,500.00 LOGGING SAI 13,845.00 EGG F) Schlumberger $828,640.00 5 Halliburton Co. 28,690.00 M. Columbia 398.00-Texaco Inc. -33,300.00 ORTEC 2,090.00 ~ $890,630.00 Queensboro College 2.840.00 Asbury College 2,070.00 J.L. Shepherd 6,120.00 GUAGING National Nuclear 17,250.00' Mitsubishi 22,130.00 AccuRay' $ 38,700.00 McMaster University 1,890.00 ' -Ohmart Corp. 9,535.00 .B. P. Chemicals 3,160.00 IRT 24,745.20 Texas Nuclear 7,600.00-Texas Nuclear 4,215.00_ Princeton Gamma Tech __ 240.00 $ 77,195.20 $ 179,501.0V INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS Columbia $ 26,000.00 Soda Springs 6,500.00 4 p.g /37.- $ 32,500.00 Foreign Sales MEDICAL 1 Italy 8,049 Royal Victoria Hospital $ 9,645.00- ^"*fa M 5.09 r Navy Medical Cer.ter 16,840.00 724 B Chemicals 3,160 ORTEC EG&G (F) 19,000.00' Canada 22.055 $ 45,485.00- . France 19,000 57,763 SMOKE 400.00 0 GOVERNMENT W-Pad $ 19,880.00 Aberdeen 2,610.00 LASL 30,280.00 $ 52,770.00 F - Foreign Commission paid
1981 SALES BREAKDOWN \\ REACTOR MISCELLANEOUS 1 WESTINGHOUSE Combustion Eng. $ 9,740 Westinghouse-Pel b :. $286,723 8,400 J.L. Shepherd 18,605 Combustion Eng. 49,833 TVA 1,51 0 5344,956 MDH 16,760 JFK 810 3M 5,550 LOGGING Naval 3,070 Schlumberger Well 1,578,725 Gha-etrics 500 hsti er Atlas 3,8 0 yk Halliburton 71,040 Bicron 220 1,693,815 Washington State 2,900 General Electric 35,920 Westinghouse-NFD 39,200 GAUGING SAI 475 Ohmart 32,855 Westinghouse-NES 1,335 Texas Nuclear 14,385 Monsanto-Columbia EIS National Nuclear 29,440 147,085 76,680 FOREIGN MEDICAL Toshiba (Jap (W. Germany an) 102,900 Yale 4*700 KWU-Pellets 54,000 India 185,190 SMOKE Auckland (Austria) 8,725 Statitrol 1,380 Alnor (Sweden) 2,600 Ouentron (Australia)- 75 Yenezuela 77,640 INST. SYSTEMS 431,130 Monsanto Columbia 19,500 Monsanto S.P. 6,500 26,000 GOVERNMENT Battelle 6,460 Westinghouse-PAD 23 205 d,m 6 9 ________m__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ______________________d
~~! 1982 SALES FORECAST /f MISCELLANEOUS / CTOR ~j / westinghouse $150,725 J.L. Shepherd $ 10,710 Westinghouse SbBe 69,760 IBM 825 Combustion Eng. 11,425 General Atomic 4,235 ~5231,919 Westinghouse-Boron 27,315 RoySpec(Saudia f.rabia) 110.370 Combustion Eng. 30,120 3,61 5 Univ. of Conn. Canberra 43,050 LOGGING Aerojet 1,875 Schlumberger Well 1,969,425 Rockwell International 3,230 N.! L. McCullough 9.800 Syncal Corp. 1.570 G1 21.000 Comercial Metals 100 be*ded Je Halliburton 400 Gama Metrics 5,775 FX 5,760 2,006,355 p{afigal Nuclear 18,' 2b 267,750 GAUGING FOREIGN Ohmart 6,030 Texas Nuclear 10,660 A1nor-Sweden 12,575 Campbell Pacific 425 AEC-Australia 4,685 17*115 GEC-Australia 3,210 Italy 3 560 4 ** MEDICAL Total $2.675,670' GOVERNMENT WESTINGHOL* E-PAD 71,940 G.E.-MAO 46,110 118.050 INSTRUMENTS Hcnsanto-Columbia 1,780 Monsanto-S.P. 8,650 10.430 4 e 6
4 [ y, r c 1. ~ 1983 SALES FORECAST +- [: [ I r
- PEACTOR,
/; MISCELLANEOUS w Westinghouse $404,579 General Dynamics 100 l Combustion.Eng. 71,400 Monsanto-Columbia 870 l Westinghouse-NES 6,525 l $472,319 Babcock & Wilcox 16,990 Public Service G&E 5,350' Isotope Products 850 LOGGING Ortec-EG&G-2,000 Schlumberger $814,453. E.I. DuPont 6,625 Texas Utilities 24,935 Schlumberger -10,900 Wisconsin Public Service 3,680 Mitsubishi 21,400 GAUGU!G Mason & Hanger 1.690. Ohmart $ 52,750 IRT Corporation 26,220 Teledyne J. L. Shepherd 14,790_ - Union Electric ~ 8,200 Kay Ray 49,590 4.590 Troxler 95,000 IBM 22. Rochester Gas & Elec. 7,990 Tronoto. University of 8,260 Princeton Gamma Tech 1,450 National Nuclear 23,750 Ohmart Corporation 2,900 $243,870 0.I. Corporation 11.520 Ortec 500 MEDICAL $165,780 Yale 10,540 FOREIGN Alnor-Sweden 58,035 Canberra-Austria 11,565 INSTRUMENTS- 'l c Energy of Canada 1,1 United Kinodom 12,805 Monsanto-Columbia $' 5,800 Monsanto-Soda Springs 390 KWU-West Germany 150,015 Toshiba-Japan 91,760 $ 6,190 Hitachi-Japan 197,910 Isotopen Tehnique-West Germany 875 India 4,460 GOVERNMENT $538,735 'destir.ghouse - PAD $ 12,830 Los Alamos 14,440 $ 27,270 Total Sales 52,279,157 n 8 b t
, 4 d g e g-S W APPENDIX D i i l l l l l l 1 i l I I ' - ~ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .m___
1 Am-241 Gamma Sources Organization Number Organization Number ORTEC 963 Harry Diamond Labs. 9 Harshaw Chemical Co. 205 Aberdeen Proving Grounds 1 Charter Labs 27 University of Calif. (LRL) 1 Vitro Labs 2 U.S. Nav. Rad. Def. Lab. (SF, CA) 3 Atomic Accessories 1 WPAFB 9 United Aircraft 1 Argonne National Lab. 7 Kaman Instruments 4 NASA-Langley 6 Western Electric 21 NASA-Goddard 3 Avco Corp. (Tulsa, OK) 2 Brookhaven National Lab. 6 Molechem 1 Frankfort Arsenal 1 Beckman Instruments 2 U.S. Bureau of Mines 5 Industrial Nucleonics 233 National Bureau of Standards 4 Westinghouse 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture 2 Westinghouse R&D 1 JPL (Pasadena) 1 General Electric 1 Mound Laboratory 4 GE-Cleveland 1 Naval Research Labs. 6 Nuclear Chicago 19 University of Calif. (Los Alamos) 1 TMC, California 2 U.S. Army, Ft. Monmouth 1 Libby Owens Ford 1 Defense Personnel 20 Eastman Kodak 1 Sandia 2 Technical Measurements Corp. 20 Westinghouse-Bettis 2 New York State, Dept. of Labor 2 National Naval Med. Center 22 New York State Health Dept. 1 Union Carbide 2 State of Rhode Island 1 ORTEC (EG&G) 41 Univ./ Chi-Hospital 1 ORTEC (SARL) 20 Univ. of Rochester, Strong. Mem. Aerojet General I Hosp. 4 American Sci. and Eng. 2 MIT-National Magnetic Lab. 4 Bell Telephone Labs. 2 Northeastern Forest Exp. Station 1 NCR 2 Graduate Research Center 1 Melpar, Inc. 1 So. Grad. Res. Center SW (Texas) 1 Atlantic Refining 1 Hosp. for Spec. Surgery (Cornell) 1 Electro Optical Systems 1 Cornell Aero. Lab. I Nuclearay, Inc. 1 Yale-New Haven Hosp. 1 TMC (Calif.) 2 Walter Reed Hospital 20 IIT Research 3 Dak Ridge Associated Universities 1 Republic Steel Corp. 22 University of California 9 Grumman 2 Bringham (?) Young R&D 16 Bendix 3 Miscellaneous Universities 178 North American 2 Miscellaneous Foreign 16 Parametrics 13 Quentron (Australia) 1 Solid State Rad. 15 Canberra-Austria 2 Lockheed-Georgia 2 Canberra 1 General Dynamics 1 LKB-Sweden 7 EG&G 1 Berthold Labs., Germany 13 American Nuc' lear Corp. 5 __._________________---__------------------------J
L 2 Am-241 Gamm.a Sources (Continued) Organization Number Organization Number Alnor. 14 GMC Research Lab. 1 ORTEC-Germany. 16 GM Research Labs. 3 Nuclear Enterprise, Ltd. 5 GM, Delco-Remy 1. Isomet 1 GM Tech. Center 1 U.S. Nuclear 1 Mystery 1 Nuclear Diodes 4 Bicron Corp. 1 Dupont (Wilm., Del.) 1 Kevex Corp. 1 Dupont 30 J.L. Shepherd 2 Ohmart 192 Schlumberger 9 Brun Sensor 1 Mobil R&D 1 Carr Fastener -5 Exxon 1 Bio-Assay Laboratory 1 Northland Thyroid 20 Texas Nuclear 4 Girard Leasing 19 Fairchild-Hiller 4 Raytheon 4 l. 3M 13 Reuter-Stokes 20 L Central Florida Research Center 1 IBM 2 Nuclear Research Corp. 2 Accuray Corp 20 American Atomics Corp. 2 Tennelec, Inc. 27 J.C. Haynes 1 Princeton Gammatech 2 Radiation. Materials Corp. 3 Elron, Inc. 1 Litton Systen, Inc. 1 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 3 TRW 1 Unknown 34 2,530 1 Unencapsulated Am-241: Gulf Nuclear - 25 grams - Nuclear Sources and Services, Inc. - 450 grams l l 9 I
i 3 Am-241/Bery11ium Neutron Sources Organization Number Organization Number Schlumberger 3,210 United Nuclear Corporation 1 McCullough 31 R. S. Landauer, Jr., & Co. 1 McCullough (Canada) 4 Westinghouse-Astro 6 Gearhart-0 wen 92 Tracerlab 1 Gearhart Ind. 2 Kaman 1 Dresser-Atlas 9 Nuclear-Chicago 48 Eastern Well Surveys 2 Kay Electric Company 4 Great Guns 2 ORTEC 2 Piper Wells 2 EG&G-ORTEC 2 Welex 26 Troxler 1,503 Welex-Halliburton 5 Kay-Ray 252 Halliburton 80 Marshall Labs (Torrence, CA) 1 Shelwell Service 4 Johnson Jet Service 1 Lane Wells 16 Boeing 1 Pan-Geo Atlas 6 Radiation Detection 1 Mobil R&D 3 Hastings Radiochem 3 Socony Mobil 1 Reactor Experiments (License NR) 2 General Electric - MA0 38 Isotopes, Inc. 1 Phillips Pet. Co. (ID) 3 General Nucleonics 4 Commonwealth of Virginia 2 Astrophys. Res. Corp. 1 State of Washington 1 Harshaw Chemical Co. 1 New York 1 General Motors Research Lab. I Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 32 Eastman Kodak 1 University of Calif. 2 Pauland Div., Zenith (?) 1 University of Calif. (Livermore) 1 Reactor Expts. (Spain) 1 Argonne National Laboratory 10 Bell Telephone Labs 2 Brookhaven National Laboratory 1 J.L. Shepherd 21 U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 5 Ohmart 5 Sandia 7 Texas Nuclear 52 NASA-Sandusky 1 J.L. Shepherd - TRW 2 NASA-Langley 3 Advanced. Tech. Center, Inc. 1 NASA-Goddard 2 Adv. Tech. Corp. 1 U.S. Dept. of Interior 1 Canberra '4 U.S. Geologic Survey 3 Research Laboratories 1 Naval Research Laboratory 4 Campbell Pacific 11 Union Carbide 12 Republic Steel 2 National Bureau of Standards 2 Reynolds Metal Corp. 1 Norfolk Naval Shipyard 1 Wm. B. Johnson and Assoc. 1 Ingalls Shipbuilding 1 Rayspec 2 USAEC, NY 1 KMS-Fusion 1 Kirtland AFB 1 Aerospace 1 Ft. McClellen 1 LFE Corporation 1 White Sands Missile Range 1 American Health Facilities 1 Naval Oceans System 2 EMR 1 i Los Alamos 1 Dormitory Authority (?) 1 U.S. Bureau of Mines 2 Dow Chemical 5 Westinghouse-PAD 12 Dow-Midland 1 USAEC 1 General Dynamics E Westinghouse-Boron 1 General Dynamics, Elec. Boat Div. 1
4' ~ Am-241/Bery11ium Neutron Sources (Continued) Organization Number Organization Number Combustion Engineering 39 Metropolitan Edison 1 l-Babcock and Wilcox 5 Tennessee Valley Authority' 4 Westinghouse-NES 21 Miscellaneous Foreign 59 Westinghouse 52 ORTEC - GMBH 2 General Electric 19 Alnor - Sweden 1 Philadelphia Electric Co. 1 Canberra - Austria 2 Public Service Elec. and Gas 1 Sumitomo Shoji-2 Conn. Yankee 1 Qtar (?) 1 Jersey Central Power and Light 1. Omaha Public Power 1 Jersey Nuclear Company 1 American Electric Power 2 Trojan Nuclear Plant 1 Atomics International 1 Union Electric 1 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 6 General Atomics 6 Unknown 43 5,887 O _____.m._
4 5 Other Am-241 Sources Organization Number Organization Number Am/Li Sources U.S. Naval Res. Lab. 2 Intelcam-Radtech 1 Los Alamos 4 Bedford Engineering 1 Battelle 2 Astrophysics 8 Rockwell International 1 IRT Corporation 8 Dow Chemical 8 Rayspec 1 Dow-Midland 1 Texas Nuclear 4 University of California 44 National Nuclear 21 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 3 Gulf E&E 3 Miscellaneous Foreign 6 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 2 ORTEC 1 Unknown 2 123 Am/B Sources Union Carbide (ORNL) 3 Texaco, Inc. 9 Union Carbide 4 Rayspec 1 ORTEC 1 R.S. Landauer. Jr., and Co. 2 0.I. Corporation 1 21 Am/F Sources l University of California 2 ORTEC 1 Rayspec 1 4 l Am/Be/Cs Sources I Ohmart 16 TD-Am Sources University of California 1 j AmPu Sources Harshaw Chemical Co. 3 i I
i 6 1 e Pu-239 Alpha Sources Organization Number Organization Number Argonne National Lab. 4 General Electric, San Jose 4 l Brookhaven National Lab. 32 TRW California 12 I McClellan AFB 1 Bell Jet Labs. 2 L' NASA-Lewis 2 Nuclear Research Corporation 4 Harry Diamond Laboratory 9 N.E. Radiological Health Lab. 3 Edgewood Arsenal 5 Technical Associates 1 Sandia 3 Aerospace Corp. 1 f Battelle 1 State of New York I Tracerlab (Calif) 2 Miscellaneous Foreign 1 1 Tracerlab (Mass) 2 Hughes Aircraft 1 Harshaw Chemical 42 Niagra Mohawk 4 Bendix 1 General Atomics 1 North American Aviation 1 General Dynamics (Texas) 1 Atomchem (NY) 3 Atomics International 3 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 7 Unknown 2 Nuclear Measurements 2 158 Pu-239/ Boron Neutron Sources Organization Number Organization Number Westinghouse-Bettis 1 Rutgers University 1 TD-Pu Sources Organization Number Organization Number Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 4 Gulf General Atomics 1 White Sands 20 Miscellaneous Foreign 8 EG&G 15 Armour Research 1 Battelle (AEC) 1 General Dynamics 3 Walter Reed 20 Bell Telephone Labs 6 Edgewood Arsenal 40 Northrop 9 KAPL 6 North American 1 SF Naval Radiation Lab. 6 Lockheed-Georgia 6 Kirtland 50 Lockheed Missiles and Space (CA) 4 Henry Diamond Labs 20 National Nuclear Corporation 1 National Naval Med. Center 27 Unknown 92 Brookhaven National Laboratory 80 421 T0/Fu-239/Al Sources Organiz~ation Number Organization Number Avco 3
a 1 7 Pu-239/ Beryllium Neutron Sources j Organization. Number Organization Number Mound 1 Schlumberger 43 U.S. Navy Rad. Det. Lab. 1 Lane Wells 77 Edgewood Arsenal 1 Phillips Pet. Co. 1 General Electric-MAO 19 Gulf Research 1 WPAFB 1 McCullough 2 Kirtland AFB 1 Newport News Ship Building 12 i Argonne National Laboratory 12 Welex 8 l Los Alamos National Lab. 5 Applied Health Physics 1 DuPont' 6 Westinghouse 1 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 107 American Scierce and Eng. 1 Hughes Aircraft 1 TRW 1 Hanford 2 General Motois 1 Mare Island 2 Deltron 3 NASA 5 Aerospace 1 Battelle Northwest Labs 1 Bronx 1 Westinghouse-Bettis 3 Nichem, Inc. 2 Miscellaneous Foreign 19 Kaman Nuclear 2 Atomics International 2 United Nuclear 1 ) Picatirmy Arsenal (?) 1 Reynolds Electric 1 Allis-Chalmers 4 Puget Sound 1 National Bureau of Standards 1 Delta 1 Puerto Rico Nuclear Center 1 Reactor Experiments, Inc. 2 Northern States Power 1 J.L, Shepherd 2 Power Reactr,r Development Corp. 1 Reuter-Stokes 1 I Mandrel 1 Nuclear Corp. of America 1 1 General F'ectric, Hanford 1 Boeing 2 l Aberdeen Proving Ground 2 Niagra Mohawk 1 .I Landsverk Electrometer (CA) 1 National Accelerator Lab. 3 l Ft. Belvoir 2 Atomic Labs 1 I Brookhaven National Lab. 6 NFS 1 l General Electric 7 Grumman 1 Nuclear Chicago 5 Westinghouse-APD 1 Maxon Const. 1 ORTEC ' 1 1 Atlantic Refining Co. 1 Douglas United Nuclear 1 l National Naval Medical Center 1 Westinghouse-PAD 4 4 KAPL 3 Carolina Power and Light 1 Union Carbide 6 GE-Idaho Falls 1 University of California 1 Puerto Rico Water Res. Authority 1 Harshaw Chemical Corp. 1 Southern California Edison 1 General Dynamics 1 Commonwealth Edison 1 I General Electric, San Jose 3 Tracerlab 2 1 General Electric, Schenectady 1 Lockheed-Georgia 1 Mill Power Supply 1 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 2 DuPont (Jackson, SC) 1 Unknown 33 469 1 Pu-239/F1 Neutron Sources Organization Number Organization Number University of Calif. (Los Alamos) 1
l 4 l 8 1 I~ Pu-238 Alpha Sources Organization Number' Organization Number New York State 2 Mound Laboratory 4 Hittman 26 Cambridge Nuclear 1 Ohmart 12 Dow Chemical 5 l -. Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 6 American Optical 1 L-Brookhaven National Laboratory 12 ORNL 2 Coratomics 6 Texas Nuclear 3 Arco Nuclear 360 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 7 i Resalab 13 Unknown 19 479 Various Pu-238 Neutron Sources Organization Number Organization Number _Pu-238/Li Sources National Nuclear 39 Schlumberger -1 l Westinghouse Bettis 1 Ohmart 1 Astrophysics Research Corp. 2 Texas Nuclear 1 University of California 1 General Electric 8 University of Calif. (LRL) 3 Miscellaneous Foreign 2 University of Calif. (Los Alamos) 1 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) _3 National Accelerator Lab. 1 64 Pu-238/C Sources Cal. Tech. 1 Argonne National Laboratory 1 Pu-238/F Sources l Westinghouse 1 Sandia 1 l Natio6a1 Accelerator Lab. 1 Univ. of Calif. (Los Alamos) 1 4 Pu-238/B Sources Sandia 1 University of California 1 Univ. of Calif. (Los Alamos) 1 3 Pu-238/Li/Cs Ohmart 15 Pu-238/Li/Co Ohmart 3 __-..._m_..__________----__- _u._-_-
1 9 Pu-238/Bery111um Neutron Sources ( l Organization Number Organization Number Schlumberger 73 California 1 Westinghouse-Astro 3 Dresser-Atlas 1-General Electric (Hanford) 3 SAI 1 l Argonne National Lab. 2 Applied Radiation 1 Dow Chemical - Rocky flats 1 Mill Power Supply 2 Idaho Nuclear 2 Eberline Instruments 1 Pan American 4 Aerojet 1 i USAF Academy 1 New York State Health Dept. 1 REECo 1 NY00 (?) 1 1 Westinghouse-Bettis 9 Sloan Kettering Mem. Hosp. 1 University of Calif. (LRL) 10 Miscellaneous Foreign 35 l University of Calif. (Los Alamos) 6 Siemans 4 University of Calif. (AEC) 1 Texas Nuclear 37 Los Alamos 2 Combustion Engineering 63 DuPont (License NR) 1 Columbia Scientific Res. Inst. 1 l Kennedy Space-Center 1 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 19 l University of California 8 Sandwich Community Schools 1 Union Carbide (ORNL) 1 J.L. Shepherd 19 KAPL 9 Gulf E&E 1 ) DuPont (Sav. River) 4 Ontokumpu Oy 3 ) National Accelerator 8 Newport News 1 I Battelle Northwest Lab. 1 General Dynamics 1 Hittman 1 Westinghouse 13 i Brookhaven National Lab. 18 Seismograph 50 Gulf General Atomics 1 General Electric 3 Battelle Memorial Institute 1 ORTEC 8 Westinghouse-NES (IPP#2) 4 Westinghouse-NES 18 i Virginia Power 1 Mason and Hanger 1 J. L. Shepherd /CP&L 1 KMS-Fusion 1 CP&L 1 Edlow 4 Portland G&E 2 Columbia Scientific 1 Georgia Power and Light 1 Reuter-Stokes 2 Babceck and Wilcox 4 f.rkansas Power and Light 1 Wisconsin Public Service 1 Mobil 1 Allied General 1 Northern Power 1 Rochester Gas and Electric 1 Indiana and Michigan ';r er E. 1 Florida P&L 1 Dow Chemical 2 Sandia 4 Jersey P&L 2 Alabama Power 1 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 5 Cincinnatti P&L 1 Unknown 2 508
10 Californium Sources Organization Number Organization Number KWU. 33 SAI 1 L Miscellaneous Foreign 33 California 3 IRT-7 Westinghouse (Misc. Utilities) 39 National Nuclear 3 Siemans 1 Teledyne Wah Chang 2 Texas Nuclear 1 l Kodak 1 National Nuclear 2 Schlumberger 4 Gamma Metrics 4 Westinghouse 86 Mann and Hanger 4 Westinghouse-Bettis 3 Ohmart 16 Babcock and Wilcox 4 General Motors 2 j. Gulf R&D 1 Gulf E&E 9 Exxon 1 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 2 Princeton Gamma Tech 3 Inte1Com. Rad. Tech. 2 EG&G 1 Naval Undersea Center 1 General Motors 1 Brookhaven 2 Sandia 1 AEG-Telefunken 10 MDH Industries 5 Teledyne 1 l General Electric 1 Isotope Products 3 J.L. Shepherd 3 Monsanto Research Corp. (stock) 2 l Aberdeen Proving Grounds 1 Unknown. 4 l Toshiba 14 317 Curium-244 Sources l Organization Number Organization Number ORTEC 30 Miscellaneous Foreign 2 32
e,, 11-Neptunium Sources Organization Number Organization Number Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 5 Frankford (sic) Arsenal 1 ORTEC 1 Pan American -1 Charter Labs 1 Phillips Pet. 1 Hammer Elec. 1 Westinghouse 59' Pratt and Whitney 3 Naval Radiation Def. Lab. 1 Atomic Accessories 1 Miscellaneous Foreign _2 Beckman Instruments 2 79 TD-Np Sources Organization Number Organization Number General Dynamics .2 Miscellaneous U.S. Universities 8 White' Sands 20 Harry Diamond Lab. 14 EG&G 15 Northrop 4 Sandia 50 Western NY Res. Center 4 Walter Reed Army Med. 20 Mitsui 15 Kirtland AFB 26 Edgewood Arsenal 35 AVC0 3 SF Naval Rad. Lab. 6 Lockheed-Missles 4 Westinghouse-APD 72 Lockheed-Georgia 43 Westinghouse-Astronuclear 5 Lockheed-Georgia (dummies) 9 AVCO-Mass 10 Tennessee Valley Authority 6 Miscellaneous Foreign 8 Battelle 1 Westinghouse-ARD 48 National Naval Medical 25 Euratom 6 459 Radium-226 Sources Organization Number Organization Number Mexico (Aeronautics Schmitt) 1 Nuclear Chicago 4 A1nor 90 ORTEC 1 Alnor (Sweden) 1 Unknown 69 Sweden 352 518 L.
7-- h .I j l$ < 4 [ '. 4 i N APPENDIX E O
f 1 UNERTAINTIESINTHEANALYSISOFTHEMONSANTORECORDS Our analysis of the Monsanto sales records and manufacturing logs was hindered by a few uncertainties. Regarding the sales records, we occasionally observed apparent anomalies. For example, Monsanto listed sales to KWU, a German reactor. manufacturer, usually ' as a foreign sale but sometimes as a reactor sale. On other occasions, Monsanto listed sales to some government organizations (such as the U.S. Air Force) as " miscellaneous" sales. Overall, however, we believe that these anomalies were minor and that the sense of the analysis results is valid. Regarding the logs, the most significant uncertainties pertained to identifying the sizes of the sources and the specific customers. Contributing to these uncertainties was a change, made by Monsanto in 1971, in the format of the manufacturing logs. The earlier logs are detailed, generally providing source l sizes and other information that help to track delivery of the sources to particular customers. But the later logs are terse, providing little more than the source identification numbers and the names of the customers. (See 1 Appendix F for example pages from the logs.) l l Thus, size information was available for only a sampling of the sources. For many types of sources, this sampling was less than 50%. For some types of sources, no size information was given. In these cases, we assumed that all i sources contained radionuclides in sufficient quantities that, when disposed, i would ex:eed Class C concentration limits as listed in 10 CFR Part 61 1 (greater-than-Class-C(GTCC) sources). Although the customers were almost always identified, the logs didn't provide l the customers' addresses. One customer may operate several facilities, and in many cases, the logs didn't identify the specific facility to which the source l was delivered. This made it difficult to distinguish whether a source was bought by a commercial entity or by a government contractor, an important distinction considering the provisions of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste consulted the Monsanto sales records (p make this distinction, we frequently 1 Policy Amendments Act of 1985. To hel see Appendix C). For example, a log citation for the " University of California" could refer to a college campus, to Los Alamos National Laboratory, or to Lawrence Livermore i Laboratory. Similarly, Westinghouse was described in ten different ways: i Westinghouse Westinghouse-NES, Westinghouse-xxxx (a varying, four-letter i alphabet soup, probably referring to different nuclear utilities), Westinghouse-ARD, Westinghouse-PAD, Westinghouse-APD, Westinghouse-Boron, Westinghouse-Astro, Westinghouse R&D, and Westinghouse-Bettis. We couldn't I reliably distinguish sources used in government projects (certainly Westinghouse-Bettis, and apparently Westinghouse-PAD) from sources used in commercial projects. This was also a concern for companies such as EG&G or
y
- o 1
i 2 ( Onion Carbide that operate facilities under contract for the Department of Energy (DOE). For such companies we assumed purchase of the sources for commercial projects unless the logs specifically noted transfer of the sources to government facilities. It was occasionally difficult to tell when sources were delivered to foreign entities, although the sales records provided insight. Many of the customers listed in the logs were multi-national organizations (e.g., ORTEC, Harshaw Chemical Co.), presenting us with the dilemma of deciding whether a source was delivered to the national or foreign branch of the organization. Unless the logs (or sales records) indicated otherwise, we conservatively assumed thac the sources remained in the United States. A minor, yet irritating, problem was that all the citations in the early logs were crossed out. The cross-marks sometimes made it difficult to identify corrections made to the logs when the sources were originally manufactured. That is, if a log citation is crossed out, does it mean that the source order was cancelled (and perhaps the source not actually manufactured), or does it j mean that the source was manufactured and that the record was subsequently obscured? (We assumed the latter.) We suspect that the cross-marks were made well after the original citations, hypothetically as a way of marking transfer of data fron, the logs to other forms. However, we didn't observe any of these ) new, hypothetical forms during our June 30 visit. j Other concerns were as follows: In scattered cases the serial numbers for specific types of sources were duplichted. In scattered cases the handwriting in the logs was difficult to decipher. Sources were occasionally rented. Some of the rentals were converted to sales and others were rented or sold to other customers. In some cases sources were returned to Monsanto for rework. For these reworked sources, we often couldn't tell whether the original serial numbers were retained or whether new serial numbers were given. We coriservatively assumed the former situation. In some cases, either customers weren't identified for particular serial nusbers (e.g., an order was cancelled), or there were skips in the sequence of serial numbers. In such cases, we assumed that sources corresponding to these serial numbers were manufactured. In a few cases sources were transferred to Monsanto stock. Generally, the ultimate fate of the soerces, whether transferred to ancther party or disposed as low-level waste, wasn't indicated. All in all, we rasponded to the uncertainties by making conservative l assumptions. These assumptions tend to exaggerate the calculated numbers of GTCC sources; exaggerate the numbers of sources sold for commercial, rather )
3 l than government, applications; and exaggerate the numbers of sources delivered to domestic, rather than foreign, entities. The uncertainties could be significantly reduced by analyzing the individual Monsanto shipment records. Although this would require reviewing several thousand manifests, the job would be greatly facilitated using computer storage and data manipulation technioues. From this analysis, one could positively identify the sizes of the sources and, because the manifests contain the addresses of the customers, positively identify the specific facilities to which the sources were delivered. One could precisely calculate the distribution of the sources among commercial and government custemers, as well as the distribution of the sources among foreign and domestic customers. 1 ____-_m_.m__________.___-
" O Q = 0 ir APPENDIX F 0 l l l l l l l 1 l
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