ML20216C656
| ML20216C656 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Grand Gulf  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1997 |
| From: | Hughey W ENTERGY OPERATIONS, INC. |
| To: | NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM) |
| References | |
| GNRO-98-00040, GNRO-98-40, NUDOCS 9804140526 | |
| Download: ML20216C656 (84) | |
Text
i O Entir operstions, Inc.
L.) Port Gbson, MS 39150 J
Tel 601437-0470
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W.K.Hughey ikuchw Nwithy Satety & Regottry April 8, 1998 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
. f eil Station P1-37 Washington, D.C. 20555 Attention: Document Control Desk
Subject:
Grand Gulf Nuclear Station Docket No. 50-416 License No. NPF-29 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 1997 I
GNRO-98/00040 Gentlemen:
In accordance with the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station Unit 1 Technical Specification 5.6.2, ;
attached is the Annual Radioloaical Environmental Operatina Report for the period January 1,1997 through December 31,1997.
Yours truly, MI WKH/MJL attachment: 1997 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report cc: (See Next Page)
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i 9804140526 971231 PDR ADOCK 05000416 R PDR J
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GNRO-9800040 Page 2 of 2 I
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cc: Ms. J. L. Dixon-Herrity, GGNS Senior Resident (w/a)
Mr. L. J. Smith (Wise Carter) (w/a) i Mr. N. S. Reynolds (w/a) l Mr. H. L. Thomas (w/o)
Mr. E. W. Merschoff (w/a) ;
Regional Administrator i j U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission l Region IV l 611 Ryan Plaza Drive, Suite 400 Arlington,TX 76011 l
!- Mr. J. N. Donohew, Project Manager (w/2)
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Mail Stop 13H3 Washington, D.C. 20555 l
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r l l l l GRAND GULF NUCLEAR STATION I
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1997 ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT ,
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l Summary l l
The Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (AREOR) i l presents Grand Gulf Nuclear Station (GGNS) Environmental Surveillance Program (ESP) data obtained through analyses of environmental samples collected for the period January 1,1997 through December 31,1997. The AREOR fulfills the requirements of GGNS Technical Specifications 5.6.2. l Environmental Surveillance Program GGNS established the ESP in 1978 before the station became operational I
(1985) to provide data on background radiation and radioactivity normally present l 1
in the area. GGNS has continued to monitor the environment by sampling air,
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water, vegetation, sediment and fish, as well as measuring radiation directly.
GGNS also samples milk if milk producing animals are present within five miles of the plant.
The ESP includes sampling indicator and control locations within an 18-mile radius of the plant. The ESP utilizes indicator locations near the site to show any increases or buildup of radioactivity that might occur due to station operation, and control locations farther away from the site to indicate the presence of only naturally occurring radioactivity. GGNS personnel compare indicator results with control and preoperational results to assess any impact GGNS operation might have had on the surrounding environment.
In 1997, GGNS personnel collected environmental samples for radiological analysis. They compared results ofindicator locations with control locations and previous studies, and concluded that overall no significant relationship exists between GGNS operation and effect on the plant environs.
Their review of 1997 data, in many cases, showed undetectable radiation levels in the environment and near background levels in significant pathways associated i
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1 Harmful Effects or Irreversible Damage The ESP monitoring did not detect any harmful effects or evidence of irreversible damage in 1997. Therefore, no analysis or planned course of action to alleviate problems was necessary.
Reporting Levels GGNS' review indicates that no samples equaled or exceeded reporting levels for radioactivity concentration in environmental samples, as outlined in ODChi Specifications Table 6.12.1-2 when averaged over any calendar quarter, due to GGNS effluents. Therefore,1997 results did not trigger any Radiological hionitoring Program Special Reports.
Radioactivity Not Attributable To GGNS The GGNS ESP detected radioactivity attributable to other sources twice.
These include the 25th Chinese nuclear test explosion in 1980, and the radioactive plume release due to reactor core degradation at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986.
Comparison To Federal and State Programs GGNS personnel compared ESP data to federal and state monitoring .,
programs as results became available. The programs used for comparison include the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) TLD Direct Radiation hionitoring Network and the hiississippi State Department of Health (MSDH),
Division of Radiological Health.
The latest available NRC TLD Network results compare to those from the GGNS ESP. GGNS and NRC TLD results continue to remain similar to the historical average and continue to verify that plant operation is not affecting the ambient radiation levels in the environment.
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The MSDH and the GGNS ESP entail similar radiological environmental j monitoring program requirements. These programs include collocated air samples and splitting or sharing sample media such as vegetation, water, sediment, and l fish. Both programs have obtained similar results over previous years.
l i Samplinn Deviations l Milk The ESP did not include milk sampling within five miles (8 km) of GGNS 1
in 1997 due to unavailability. ODCM Technical Specifications require collection of milk samples if available commercially within 8 km ( 5 miles ) of the
- plant. GGNS personnel collected vegetation samples to monitor the ingestion pathway, as specified in ODCM Specifications Table 6.12.1-1, because of milk unavailability.
I Air Samples l l Due to sampler failure at the beginning of the collection period, the required lower limit of detection (LLD) was not achieved for the following :
l l Location Sample Period Run Time (Hrs) Comment AS7-UH 5/27- 6/3 /97 N/A Air Sampler Failed 1
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Sampling Deviations Air Samplers, continued ;
The following air sample locations had reduced mn times due to weather related outages or sampler mechanical problems. Required LLDs were achieved for these samples.
l Location Sample Period Run Time Comment (HH:MM)
ASI-PG 4 / 1 - 8/97 166:47 Weather outage 4 / 15 - 22 / 97 166:48 Air Sampler Failed 4 /22 - 29 / 97 166:15 Weather outage 8/ 19 - 26/ 97 35:43 Air Sampler Failed AS3-61VA 4 /1 - 8 / 97 166:52 Weather outage 4 /22 - 29/ 97 164:25 Weather outage AS7-UH 4 /1 - 8/ 97 162:49 Weather outage 4 /22 - 29 / 97 164:28 Weather outage Air samples were collected 98.8% of the available collection period.
Sampler failures and weather outages occur infrequently but did not affect the overall effectiveness of the air monitoring program. GGNS personnel conducted all other ESP activities as required by ODCM Specifications without exception.
Program Modifications GGNS made the following REMP modification during 1997:
. Re-instated fish sampling at an annual frequency. Fish samples were collected in June 1997 under the special sample provision of the ESP. This modification was approved in December 1997.
Unavailable Results GGNS received analytical contractor results in adequate time for inclusion in this report. In addition, GGNS' review identified no missing results.
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l Attachments Attachment I contains results of air, water, vegetation, sediment, and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLDs) samples collected in 1997. TLDs were analyzed by Waterford III Dosimetry. All remaining samples were analyzed by the River Bend Station (RBS) environmentallaboratory. Attachment I also contains RBS' participation in the interlaboratory comparison program during 1997. Attachment Il contains results of samples collected at special interest areas by GGNS personnel and analyzed by the RBS environmental laboratory. j Samples identified with a "GG" prefix are duplicates collected and analyzed in addition to the routine ESP.
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TABL.E OF CONTENTS l
l Pag Summary .. .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. i List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . , . . .. . . . . . . vii List of Figures . ... ............... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . viii List of Attachments . . . . . . ... . . . . ....... . . . .. . ix Section Topic 1.0 Introduction . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 1-i 1.1 Environmental Surveillance Program
. Purpose and Design Criteria . . .. . 1-1 1.2 Dose Pathways Associated with GGNS.. . 1-1 1.3 Pathways Monitored .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2 1.4 Program Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 2.0 Environmental Surveillance Program . ..... .. . . 2-i 2.1 Air Particulate and Radiciodine Sample Results .. . 2-1 2.2 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Sample Results . 21 2.3 Milk Sample Results.. .. . . . . . ... 2-4 2.4 Water Sample Results . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-4 2.5 Vegetation Sample Results... . ... . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.6 Sediment Sample Results .. . .. . . . . . . . . 2-5 l 2.7 Fish Sample Results . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2.8 Special Sample Results . . ... . . . ... 2-8 2.9 Land Use Census Results .. . . 2-9 2.10 Interlaboratory Comparison Results . . . 2-9 3.0 Environmental Surveillance Program Summary . 3-i 3.1 1997 Program Results Summary . . . . . . . .. 3-1 i
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1 LIST OF TABLES
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i Table No. Title fan 1
1-1 Air Sample Locations ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 !
1-2 TLD Locations ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1-3 Milk and Water Locations . . .. .. .. . . 1-14 1-4 Vegetation, Sediment and Fish Locations . . . . . . . . . . 1-15 i 2-1 Barge Slip Sediment Analytical Summary .. . .. . 2-7 2-2 1995-1997 Land Use Census Changes.... . . . .. 2-10 2-3 Land Use Census Results .. . ... .... . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 3-1 Environmental Monitoring Program Summary . . .. 3-2 1
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l LIST OF FIGURES i
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1-1 Exposure Pathways .... .... . . ..... . . . . . . . . . , , , , , 1-17 1-2 Sample Collection Sites - 5 Mile Map .. . .. . . . . . 1-18 r 1-3 Sample Collection Sites - 10 Mile Map . . ............. ..... .. 1.I9 I 2-1 TLD Radiation Dose . . . . .. .. . . . ... . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 1
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment Title P_ggg I 1997 Environmental Sampling and Analytical Report .. . . . . . .. . .. . ... I-i II 1997 Special Sample Results ... . .. . . . .. . . .. II i III Corrected Page from 1996 Report.... . . . . . . .. III-i I
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SECTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Environmental Surveillance Program Purpose und Design Criteria GONS established the ESP to minimize any associated radiation {
endangerment to human health or the environment by ensuring that plant operating controls function properly. The ESP ourpose involves:
Evaluating environmental sampling procedures, equipment and techniques.
- Measuring radiation levels and their variations in environmental media in the area surrounding the plant.
e I Determining average levels of radiation and radioactive material l
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. l Detecting effects, if any, of GGNS operation on the environmental radiation levels and concentrations.
The ESP design criteria includes:
- Analyzing important pathways for anticipated types and quantities of radionuclides released into the environment.
- Considering the possibility of a buildup oflong-lived radionuclides in the environment and identifying physical and biological accumulations that may contribute to human exposures.
- Considering the potential radiation exposure to plant and animal life in the environment surrounding GGNS.
- Correlating levels of radiation and radioactivity in the environment with radioactive releases from station operation. l 1.2 Dose Pathways Associated with GGNS l
1 Figure 1-1 shows potential exposure pathways that could occur i as a result of a nuclear power plant. However, direct dose from gaseous efiluent and thyroid dose from ingesting milk involves the most l
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significant environmental dose pathways from a nuclear power station.
GGNS operations have little, if any, impact on these pathways due to very low levels of radiation released, remote location and absence of milking animals within five miles of GGNS. In addition, the GGNS l Final Environmental Report lists the first use of drinking water from the Mississippi River as more than 200 miles downstream. Therefore, GGNS operations have little, if any, impact on this pathway.
1.3 Pathways Monitored 1 The ESP includes the sampling program for monitoring airborne, I
waterborne, ingestion and direct radiation pathways as required by Table 6.12.1-1 in the ODCM. GGNS supplements this program with additional sampling in order to provide a comprehensive and well-balanced program.
Tables 1-1 through 1-4 provide a description of the GGNS ESP sample I locations. Only sample locations required by the ODCM are keyed to l Figures 1-2 and 1-3 as shown in the Tables. Section 2.0 of this report i
provides a discussion of 1997 sampling results and Section 3.0 provides I a summary of results for the monitored exposure pathways.
1.4 Program Description 1.4.1 Air Particulate and Radiciodine l
The GGNS ESP utilized three continuous air samplers to provide gross beta, gamma and radiciodine activity measurements
! by the airborne exposure pathway.. These air samplers (Figures 1 l- 1-2 and 1-3, and Table 1-1) met the requirements of ODCM l Specification 6.12.1, as follows:
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. One close to the SITE BOUNDARY having the highest calculated annual average ground level D/Q.
. One in the vicinity of a community having the highest l
calculated annual average groundlevel D/Q (Port Gibson).
One from a control location 15 - 30 km (10 - 20 miles) i distance (Vicksburg, MS).
GGNS personnel placed air samplers one meter above the ground in weatherproof houses, with a 47-millimeter glass fiber filter in the intake line of the vacuum pump and a 2 x l-inch charcoal cartridge located directly downstream. GGNS personnel l maintained air flow at 1.25 cubic feet per minute. They changed filtcrs and cartridges weekly and had them analyzed for gross beta radionuclides and radiciodine activity, respectively. The analytical laboratory analyzed quarterly composites of air filters for gamma radionuclides.
1.4.2 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry The GGNS ESP measured ambient radiation in the environment surrounding GGNS with 40 TLDs to provide a quantitative measurement of the area radiation levels l
(Figures 1-2 and 1-3, and Table 1-2). They collected dosimeters quarterly and used the following criteria in establishing TLD locations:
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l 1.4.2 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry, continued l . ODCM Specification 6.12.1 requires 24 TLDs, l positioned as outlined below:
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Eight TLDs located in the general areas of the site boundary.
Eight TLDs located approximately 3 to 5 miles from the site.
Eight TLDs located in special interest areas such as population centers, nearby residences, schools, and in 1 or 2 areas to serve as control stations.
. Sixteen permanent TLD stations at the protected area boundary.
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. The remaining three TLDs utilized as duplicates at l varying locations.
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1.4.3 Milk ODCM Specifications require the following:
. Quarterly sampling frequency for indicator locations, when available, with sampling of the control location only occurring when indicator locations are present.
If required, control samples are collected from a location
> 8 km ( >5 miles ) from the plant (Alcorn State University Dairy -
Figure 1-3 and Table 1-3) to establish background dats.
However, the ESP did not include milk animals in 1997 within 8 km (5 miles) of GGNS due to unavailability.
Therefore, Section 1.4.5 of this report addresses the unavailability of milk samples within the vicinity of GGNS.
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1.4.4 Surface Water and Groundwater i
GGNS personnel sampled surface water from the Mississippi River quarterly at points upstream (control) and downstream (indicator) of the plant discharge (Figure 1-2 and I
Table 1-3) through 1997.
GGNS personnel also collected an annual downstream (indicator) sample (Figure 1-2 and Table 1-3) during a liquid radwaste discharge. '
GGNS personnel sampled aroundwater annually from j two locations (Figure 1-2 and Table 1-3), onsite GGNS I Construction Well (indicator) and Port Gibson City (control) in 1997. They collected samples in labeled
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containers and had them analyzed for gamma radionuclides and l tritium.
1.4.5 Vegetation In 1997, GGNS personnel collected broadleaf vegetation samples quarterly for measurement of radioactivity by the ingestion exposure pathway, due to the unavailability of milk l
samples within five miles of GGNS as follows: {
. One kind of broadleaf vegetation grown !
nearest each of two different offsite locations with highest anticipated annual average groundlevel D/Q.
GGNS met this requirement by maintaining two gardens inside the SITE BOUNDARY, Sectors J and H.
l These sampling locations (Figure 1-2 and Table 1-4)
- provided a more conservative assessment of doses due to the higher deposition rates (D/Qs) than would be measured at offsite sampling locations.
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1.4.5 Vegetation, continued
. Control samples of the similar type of onsite vegetation 15-30 km from the site. GGNS met this requirement by maintaining a garden in Sector K at Alcorn State University (Figure 1-3 and Table 1-4).
The ESP prefers green-leafy vegetables suitable for human consumption as the primary source of broadleaf vegetation.
At times, GGNS personnel may collect samples of any vegetation with relatively broad leaves on which airborne radioactive particulate material might be deposited, due to unavailability of green-leafy vegetables suitable for human ;
consumption. They had the raw samples analyzed for gamma radionuclides and Iodine-131.
I 1.4.6 Sediment In 1997, GGNS personnel collected sediment samples annually at the following locations (Figure 1-2 and Table 1-4):
. Downstream of the barge slip in the vicinity of the Hamilton Lake outfall(indicator) .
. Upstream from the GGNS discharge (Upper Grand Gulf Landing - control).
The ESP utilized additional samples from the barge slip (indicator) as part of the special sampling provision.
GGNS personnel collected sediment samples near the shoreline from the top one-inch layer of sediment. They then discarded foreign objects and transferred the samples to clean, I
labeled containers for gamma radionuclide analyses.
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1.4,7 Fish In 1997, GGNS personnel collected fish in the Mississippi l
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. Downstream of the GGNS discharge point into the Mississippi River (indicator).
. Upstream of the GGNS discharge point into the
( Mississippi River uninfluenced by plant operations
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L GGNS modifications to the REMP added these locations in December 1997. Fish samples were collected in June 1997 as part of the special sample provision of the ESP.
GGNS personnel collected fish by net, trotline, electroshock or purchased from commercial fishermen. They may accompany commercial fishermen, when purchasing samples,
! to ensure representative and valid samples are from required l locations. GGNS personnel collected a suflicient amount from each location to provide a minimum of 1000 grams (wet weight) of i
l eviscerated fish sample. Samples were analyzed for gamma radionuclides.
1.4.8 Special Samples
! GGNS personnel collected special samples occasionally l
from nonroutine ESP locations to provide supplementary data
, and to address areas of special interests. Sample media may l
include sediment, water, milk, fish, meat and vegetation and may be analyzed for gamma radionuclides, Iodine-131, tritium or gross beta radionuclides, depending upon current interest.
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1.4.9 Land Use Census GGNS conducted an bi-annual land use census as described in ODCM Specification 6.12.2. This census identifies I changes in uses ofland in unrestricted areas surrounding GGNS which would require modifications to the ESP or ODCM. The land use census identified important criteria in each of the 16 meteorological sectors, such as nearest:
. Residence.
. Animal milked for human consumption.
. Garden of greater than 50 m2 (500 fP) producing broadleaf vegetation .
GGNS personnel conduct the land use census by:
. Field surveys in each meteorological sector out to five miles in order to confirm:
Nearest permanent residence Nearest unoccupied residence Nearest garden and approximate size Nearest milking animal.
- Identifying locations on map, measuring distances to GGNS and recording results on surveillance data sheets.
- Comparing current census results to previous results.
- Contacting the Claiborne County Agent for verification i of nearest dairy animals.
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f TABLE 1-1 l Air Sample Locations l
l Air Sampler l Number Figure Location l
l AS-1 PG l-2 Southeast of GGNS at the Port Gibson City Barn (Sector G, Radius 5.5 miles) l AS-3 61VA 1-3 North-northeast of GGNS on Hwy 61, north of the Vicksburg Airport (Sector B, Radius l 18 miles) l l AS-7 UII l-2 South-southeast of GGNS at the IBEW Union Hall (Sector H, Radius 0.5 miles) l 1
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TABLE 1-2 TLD Locations l
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l TLD No. Location Figure Sector Mile l M-00 Maintained in lead shield Not during the exposure period Shown - -
, M-01 Across the road from Lake Claiborne entry gate 1-2 E 3.5 M-07 AS-1 PG, Port Gibson City Barn 1-3 G 5.5 1
M-09 Warner Tully Y-Camp 1-2 D 3.5 M-10 Grand Gulf Military Park 1-2 A 1.5 l
l M-14 AS-3-61VA, Hwy 61, north (Control) ofVicksburg Airport 1-3 B 18.0 M-16 Meteorological Tower 1-2 A 0.9 i
M-17 South side, Grand Gulf Road 1-2 C 0.5 M-19 Eastern SITE BOUNDARY property line, NNF cf HWSA 1-2 E 0.5 l
M-21 Near former Training Center l Building, on Bald Hill Road 1-2 J 0.4 l
l M-22 Former RR entrance crossing on Bald Hill Road 1-2 G 0.5 M-23 Gin Lake Road 50 yards north of Heavy Haul Road on power pole 1-2 Q 0.5 M-25 Radial Well Number 1 1-2 N 1.6 M-28 Former Glodjo residence 1-2 L 0.9 l
M-31 Duplicate TLD installed Not quarterly at varying locations Shown - -
i M-32 Duplicate TLD installed Not quarterly at varying locations Shown - -
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TABLE 1-2 TLD Locations TLD No. Location Fjgu_re r Sector Mile M-33 Newellton, Louisiana, Water (Control) Tower 1-3 P 12.5 M-36 Curve on HW 608, point nearest GGNS at power pole 1-2 P 5.0 M-38 Lake Bruin State Park, entrance road 1-3 M 9.5 M-39 St. Joseph, Louisiana, Aux.
Water Tark 1-3 M 13.0 M-40 Headley Drive, near River Port Entrance 1-2 M 2.3 M-48 0.4 miles South on Mont Gomer Road on west side 1-2 K 4.8 M-49 Fork in Bessie Weathers Road /
Shaifer Road 1-2 H 4.5 M-50 Panola Hunting Club entrance 1-3 B 5.3 M 55 Near Ingelside Karnac Ferry Road /
Ashland Road Intersection 1-2 D 5.0 M-57 Hwy 61, benind the Welcome to Port Gibson sign at Glensdale Subdivision 1-2 F 4.5 M-60 Duplicate TLD installed Not quarterly at varying locations Shown - -
M-61 Protected area fence Not D Onsite Shown 1-11
TABLE 1-2 TLD Locations TLD No. Location h Sector Mile M-62 Protected area fence Not E Onsite Shown M-63 Protected area fence Not N Onsite Shown M-64 Protected area fence Not M Onsite Snown M-65 Protected area fence Not L Onsite Shown M-66 Protected area fence Not K Onsite Shown M-67 Protected area fence Not J Onsite Shown M-68 Protected area fence Not H Onsite Shown M-69 Protected area fence Not G Onsite Shown M-70 Protected area fence Not F Onsite Shown M-71 Protected area fence Not C Onsite Shown M-72 Protected area fence Not B Onsite Shown l M-74 Protected area fence Not P Onsite Shown l
M-76 Protected area fence Not A Onsite Shown M-77 Protected area fence Not R Onsite Shown 1-12
TABLE 1-2 TLD Locations l
1 TLD No. Location fjigge Sector Mile M-81 Administration Building Not Q Onsite Shown l M-94 Sector R near Meteorological Tower 1-2 R 0.8 1
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TABLE 1-3 Milk and Water Locations Milk (Control Location) Figure Location ALCONT l-3 Located south-southwest ofGGNS at Alcorn State University (Sector K, Radius 10.5 miles)
Surface Water {
Upstream 1-2 At least 4500 fl upstream of the GGNS discharge point into the Mississippi River to allow adequate mixing of the Mississippi and Big Black Rivers (Sector Q - R,1.8 miles) l Downstream 1-2 At least 5000 fl downstream of the GGNS discharge point ,
into the Mississippi River l near Radial Well No.1 (Sector N,1.6 miles)
MS River Downstream 1-2 Downstream of the GGNS I discharge point (during a liquid radwaste discharge) I in the Mississippi River near Radial Well No. 5 (Sector Q - P,1.3 miles)
Groundwater PGWELL l-2 PORT GIBSON WELLS -
Taken from distribution system or one of the five wells (Sector G, Radius 5.0 miles)
Construction Water Well 1-2 GGNS CONSTRUCTION WATER WELL - Taken from distribution system or the well(Sector P, Radius 0.4 miles) l l-14
TABLE l-4 Vegetation, Sedianent and Fish Locations Venetation Figure Location BroadleafVegetation 1-2 South of GGNS near former Training Center on Bald Hill Road (Sector J,0.4 miles) 1-2 South-southeast of GGNS between the former training center and the IBEW Union Hall on Bald Hill Road (Sector H,0.4 miles) 1-3 Alcorn State University south-southwest of GGNS (Sector K,10.5 miles) when available, otherwise a location 15-30 km distant Sediment l
SEDHAM l-2 Downstream of the GGNS discharge point in the Mississippi River near Hamilton Lake outlet (Sector N,1.6 miles)
I SEDCONT 1-2 Upstream of the GGNS discharge point in the Mississippi River (Minimum of100 yds) l l
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TABLE 1-4 Vegetation, Sediment and Fish Locations Fish Figure Location Fish and Invertebrates
- l-2 Downstream of the GGNS discharge point into the Mississippi River 1-2 Upstream of the GGNS discharge point into the Mississippi River uninfluenced by plant operations a
Sampling of fish was added to the program in December 1997. Fish samples were collected in June 1997 under the special sampling provisions of the ESP. l l
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1-19
SECTION 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM 1
(INTERPRETATIONS AND TRENDS OF RESULTS) 1 1
2-i
2.1 Air Pcrticulate and R di:i: dine Simple Results GGNS did not detect any gamma radionuclides in the quarterly i
air particulate composites nor Iodine-131 in the radiciodine cartridges during 1997, as has been the case in previous years. The ESP detected radioactivity in this pathway attributable to other sources twice. These include the 25th Chinese nuclear test explosion in 1980, and the radioactive plume release due to reactor core degradation at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. Therefore, the airborne exposure pathway has been unaffected by the operation of GGNS and airborne concentrations continue to be at background levels.
Gross beta concentrations during 1997 for the indicator location 3
ranged from 0.008 - 0.046 pCi/m with a mean of 0.026 pCi/m3 as compared to the control locations which ranged from 0.01 - 0.047 pCi/m3 with a mean of 0.025 pCi/m3. This further emphasizes that the airborne pathway continues to remain at background levels.
2,2 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Sample Results Gamma radiation dose in 1997 compares to previous years as shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows 1987 - 1997 annual average results for indicator locations compared to the Vicksburg control. This figure indicates that ambient radiation levels have remained at or near background levels.
The ESP recorded the following quarterly TLD doses for ODCM i Specification locations during 1997:
. Inner ring, mean of 9.7 mrem and range of 4.5 - 12.4 mrem
. Outer ring, mean of 10.7 mrem and range of 8.3 - 13.8 mrem
. Special Interest, mean of 9.4 mrem and range of 7.4 - 11.5 mrem
. Control, mean of 11.5 mrem and range of 11.2 - 11.8 mrem. l 2-1 l
I l
I 2.2 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Sample Results, continued In 1996 GGNS began reporting measured dose as net exposure (field reading less transit / shield reading) normalized to 92 days. Through 1995, GGNS had reported measured doses as gross exposure. This reporting change did not affect the program since GGNS relies on l
comparison of the indicator locations to the control as a measure of plant impact. GGNS' comparison of the inner, outer and special interest TLD results to the control, indicates that the ambient radiation levels are unaffected by plant operations. Therefore, levels continue to remain at or near background.
l l
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2.3 Milk Sample Results i
GGNS personnel did not collect milk samples within five
{
i miles of the GONS site in 1997 due to the absence of milking animals. l
{
If milk animals are located within 5 miks if GGNS, samples will be collected from those animals as well as from the control location Alcorn State University. When required, analysis will include lodine-131 and l gamma radionuclides.
! l 2.4 Water Sample Results l
l
(
Surface Water Gamma radionuclides remained undetectable in the upstream l and downstream Mississippi River location which is consistent with l preoperational and previous operational years. In addition, gamma radionuclides were undetectable in an annual downstream sample collected during a liquid radwaste discharge. Tritium was detected l in small concentrations, well below the required LLD value, at the upstream and downstream location as follows:
. Upstream - mean of 186.7 pCi/1, range of 172.0 - 211.0 pCi/l
. Downstream - mean of 220.0 pCi/l, range of 164.0 - 260.0 pCi/l t
i l
i 2-4
2.4 Water Sample Results, continued Thes e tritium values ranged from 87% to 92% below the required LLD value of 2000 pCi/1, therefore the uncertainty and error associated with these results are high. Based on this and review of historical data, j GGNS concluded that concentrations continue to remain at or near background levels at these locations.
)
Groundwater GGNS did not detect any gamma radionuclides in i groundwater samples during 1997, as has been the case in previous years. Tritium was detached in one sample from the control location at t l 230 pCi/L. At 89% below the required LLD of 2000 pCi/L this result had a l
l high uncertainty. Tritium has been detected at control and indicator locations at similar concentrations in the past. These results t- indicate that this pathway has not been affected by plant operations.
l i
2.5 Vegetation Sample Results j GGNS did not detect any gamma radionuclides in vegetation l samples during 1997. Nuclides detected previously at the control and j indicator locations are attributed to the Chernobyl accident and weapons i
I testing. These resuhs indicate that this pathway has not been affected by plant operations.
2.6 Sediment Sample Results j Gamma radionuclides were undetectable in the upstream and downstream Mississippi River locations during 1997. Cesium-137 was detected in the downstream (Hamilton Lake) during the preoperational years at an average concentration of 295.0 pCi/kg. Cs-137 concentrations have decreased and stabilized since this time. GGNS attributes this Cs-137 2-5
l i
2.6 Sediment Simple Results, continued activity at the downstream location to past atmospheric weapons testmg.
l l
The probability of this location being affected by plant operations is remote j
due to the enormous dilution and sedimentation factors involved with the l
For the second consecutive year no gamma radionuclides were l
detected at the barge slip location (SEDBAR) during this reporting period.
Table 2-1 provides an analytical results summary for 1987 through 1997 barge slip sediment samples. GGNS personnel attributes the previous presence of radioactivity at this area over previous years to buildup of very .
small amounts of particulates present in liquid discharges. This table shows that radionuclide concentrations in the barge slip sediment are not increasing.
I 1 I
l 1
I 1
l 1
l I
t i
2-6 I
T TABLE 2-1 Barge Slip Sediment Analytical Summary
- Year Mn-54 Fe-59 Co-58 Co-60 Cr-51 Cs 134 Cs-137 1987 2205.0 ND" 103.0 799.0 1454.0 87.0 189.0 1988 480.0 ND" 82,0 628.0 777.0 109.0 142.0 ~
, 1989 734.0 ND" 56.0 736.0 199.0 104.0 159.0 l
1 l 1990 258.0 ND" 39.0 424.0 853.0 ND" 124.0 l 1991 1252.0 ND" 59.0 1171.0 307.0 ND" 145.0 t t
i 1992 164.0 ND" ND" 294.0 ND" ND" 76.0 1993 1202.0 53.0 143.0 949.0 471.5 ND" 117.5 1994 396.0 ND" ND" 411.0 ND" ND" 84.5 1995 148.5 ND" 42.0 245.0 ND" ND" 82.5 l 1996 N D*
- ND" ND" ND" ND" ND" ND" 1997 ND" ND" ND" ND" ND" ND" ND" Units in picocuries/ kilogram
" None detected l
l l
1 2-7 l
l
l l
2.7 Fish Sample Results GGNS did not detect any gamma radionuclides in fish samples during 1997, as has been the case in preoperational and previous operational years. These results indicate that this pathway has not l been affected by plant operations. Although this sample location was not re-instated to the ESP nil December 1997, samples were collected in l June 1997 as a special sample. Fish sampling at the upstream and i
l downstream locations in the Mississippi River is now included in the ESP j l as an annual requirement.
l i
2.8 Special Sampic Results {
In 1997, GGNS personnel collected eight special samples and had them analyzed for gamma radionuclides, gross beta radionuclides and/or tritium. Discussion below provides descriptions of special samples i collected and their results.
l Two sediment samples ftom the barge slip (SEDBAR) - no activity detected.
l . One sewane effluent sample from Outfall 010 - no gamma i
l radionuclides detected. I
. One venison sample from onsite - no gamma
! radionuclides detected.
I f l . Four 1sh samples - two each from the upstream and downstream l
l Mississippi River locations - no gamma radionuclides detected.
Results are summarized in Section 3.0.
2-8 E __ .
r 2.9 Land Use Census Results GGNS did not modify the ESP as a result of the Land Use Census even thought some minor changes occurred from 1995 - 1997 as shown in Table 2-2. Census frequency was changed from annual to bi-annual in 1996
-due to the stability of the land uses in the 0 - 5 mile area around the plant.
The most recent census results support this position. Table 2 3 presents the land use census results.
l l
l 2.10 Interlaboratory Comparison Results RBS' environmental laboratory analyzed interlaboratory comparison samples for GGNS. Attachment I contains these results.
GGNS' review of RBS' interlaboratory comparison indicated that 96% of the sample results for accuracy and precision were within the j acceptable controllimits of the three normalized deviations. GGNS' and RBS' review of sample results outside the acceptable control limits indicated that there was no impact on previous reported data. Attachment I also provides discussion on sample results outside the acceptable control limits.
2-9 l
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I SECTION 3.0 l
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVElLLANCE PROGRAM
SUMMARY
i 1
i l
l 3-i
3.1 1997 Program Results Summary Table 3-1 summarizes required ODCM Specification, special and supplemental ESP sample results for 1997. Table 3-1 also I includes duplicate analyses. GGNS personnel did not use values reported as less than (<) for determining indicator and control location ranges and means.1997 results compare to that encountered in previous years.
3-1 1
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ENVIRONMENTAL (CROSS-CHECK) PROGRAM PARTICIPATION RESULTS Sa T pe Study Date Analysis "Known" Value' Va N DEV" N- G E' gr Fg ~
E1148125 9/18/97 Beta 108 i 17.3 109 0.17 0.000 l E1230-125 12/11/97 Beta 3901 8.7 40.3 0 46 0272 l Charcoal Cartridge E1035-125 4/7/97 l131 89.0 i 15.4 89.6 0.11 0.108 l (pCi/ cartridge) )
_ {,_ l E1052-125 6/19/97 l-131 86 i 14.9 86.0 -0.01 0 048 j E1149-125 9/18/97 l-131 61 i 10.6 63.4 0.67 0.426 ,
E1231 125 12/11/97 l-131 30.0 i 10.4 31.5 0 44 0 384 gtgr E1032125 4/7/97 Beta 144 1 37.4 168 1.95 0438 E1033-125 4/7/97 H-3 3397 1 629 3285 -0.53 0.186 E1034-125 4/7/97 Cr-51 267 i 23.1 264 -0.43 1.549 Mn-54 183 1 15.8 190 1.33 0 129 Co-58 72.01 8.7 67.8 -1.44 0 851 Fe-59 117 i 10.1
[I1332 4 64 8 1.313 Co-60 189 t 16 4 191 0 31 0.188 Zn-65 170 t 29 4 181 1.09 0.069 Cs-134 152 t 13.2 153 0.30 0 389 Cs-137 123 t 10.7 123 0288
-009 [ )
Co 141 171 t 14 8 168 -0 54 ~ 0069 E1036-125 4/7/97 Cr-51 267 1 23.1 264 -0.39 0 841 (duplicate) Mn-54 183 i 15.8 188 1.01 0.129 Co-58 72 i 8.7 69 -1.03 0 378 Fe-59 117 1 10.1 127 2.96 0 606 Co-60 189 i 16.4 189 -0.06 0 250 Zn45 170 t 29.4 190 2 04 0 382 Cs-134 152 1 13.2 155 0.61 0.233 Cs 137 123 i 10.7 _]1,34], 3 108 0 480 Co-141 1711148 173 0 41 0 691 E1049-125 6/10/97 Beta 139 2 36.1 137 -0.19 [ 0.368 E1050-125 6/19/97 H-3 1313 i 575 1317 0.02 0.197 E1051-125 6/19/97 Cr-51 288 t 24.9 272 -192 1.436 4
Mn-54 123 1 10.7 128 1.50 0 288 Co-58 1121 9.7 115 1.03 0.105 l Fe 59 1101 95 114 1.26 2.148
['
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Co-60 151 i 13.1 155 0 84 O.704 Zn-65 2031 352 224 1.82 0 029 l-131 61.0 i 10 6 64 2 0 90 O571 l Co-134 118 i 10.2 123 1.37 0100 Co-137 167 i 14.5 181 2.83 0.212 Co-141 1921 166 } 197 0 84 0 369 l
l 1
)
ENVIRONMENTAL (CROSS-CHECK) PROGRAM PARTICIPATION RESULTS 8 Study Date Analysis gT pm "Known" Value' Va ue N D V" N- GE*
Water (pCi/hter) E1053-125 6/19/97 Cr-51 288 i 24.9 282 -0.68 1.395 (dupucate) Mn-54 123 i 10.7 132 } 2.44 0.480 Co-58 112 i 9.7 114 0 62 0 316 Fe-59 1101 9.5 118 2.52 0.215 Co-60 151 i 13.1 157 1.30 0.469
. Zn-65 203 i 35.2 228 2.10 0.145 '
1-131 61.01 10.6 60.0 -0.29 0.d55 Cs 134 118 i 10.2 121 0.78 0.100 Cs-137 Co-141 167 i 14.5 192i 166
]k 193 3.18d 0.24 0.495 0.308 E1146-125 9/18/97 Cr-51 239 1 20.7 226 1.84 0 840
~ ~
Mn-54 69 0 i 8.7 71.0 0 68 0 319 l
Co-58 47.0 i 8.7 48.0 0.36 0.118
~
Fe-59 94.0 i 8.7 102 2.77 1.181 Co-60 155 i 13.4 155 0.00 0 229 Zn-65 154 i 26.7 153 -0.07 0.384 1-131 94.0 i 16.3 96.9 0.54 0.283 Cs534 80.0 i 8.7 79 0 -0 36 0.177 Cs-137 84.0 i 8.7 85.9 0 65 0.248 Co-141 60.0 i 8.7 57.8 0.75 0.520 E1150-125 9/18/97 Cr-51 239 i 20.7 243 0.53 1.730 (duphcate) Mn-54 69.0 i 8.7 72.4 1.18 0.118 .
j Co-58 47.0 i 8.7 48.6 0,57 0 461 1 Fe-59 9401 8.7 102 2.77 1.181 Co-60 155 i 13 4 160 1.04 0 762
{__
Zn-65 154 i 26.7 164 1.16 0.345 l-131 94.0 i 16.3 94.1 0 02 0.798 Cs-134
~
80.0 t 8.7 75.5 -1.57 0.390 i
,,_Cs-137 84.0 t 8.7 83.5 -0.16 0 449 Co-141 60.01 8.7 54.4 1.04 0.449 E1228-125 12/11/97 Cr-51 334 i 28.9 336 0.24 1.768 Mn-54 137i 11.9 ,I][ 3.03" 0.172 Co-58 89 0 i 8.7 94.9 2.04 0.295 Fe-59 Co-60 97.01 8.7 161 i 13.9 h{ 160 3 12'
-0.14 O236 0.220
~
Zn-65 2411 41.7 257 1.15 0.319
~
l-131 45.0 i 10.4 48.9 1.12 0 315 Cs-134 171 i 14.8 173 0.34 0.138
{
Cs -137 177 1 15.3 182 0 91 0.200 Co-141 167 i 14.5 167 0.07 0637 l
l
l ENVIRONMENTAL (CROSS-CHECK) PROGRAM PARTICIPATION RESULTS Sample Tvpe Study Date Analysis RBS RBS RBS (unitsf ,,Known, Value, Value N-DEV" N-RANGE' Water (pCi/irter) E1232125 12/11/97 Cr-51 334 1 28.9 345 1.11 1.839 l
l (duplicate) Mn-54 137'i 11.9 _ 145 2.11 i 0.345 l
Co-58 89.0 i 8.7 95 2.10 0.473 j Fe-59 97.01 8.7 105 2.89 0.118 )
Co-60 161 i 13.9 162 0.22 } 0.293 i
Zn45 2411 41,7 267 1.84 0.221 l
l-131 45.0 i 10.4 43.5 -0.43 0.354
~
Cs-134 1711 148 168 -068 0.138 Cs-137 177 1 15.3 182 1.04 0133 )
Co 141 167 1 14.5 165 -0.48 0.210 j ggng E1147-125 9/18/97 Cr-51 0.709 i 0 061 0.697 -0.58 0.236 Mn-54 0 206 t 0.017 0.209 0 46 0.118 Co-58 0.141 1 0.012 I 0.143 0 41 0.591 Fe-59 0.278 i 0.024 0.278 -0.04 0 127 j Co-60 0.460 1 0.04 0.455 -0.38 0.051 Zn-65 0.458 i 008 0.461 0 13 0.141 Cs-134 0 239 i 0 021 Td.21S[ 3.08' O098 Co-137 0.377 1 0.033 65I 1.34 0.031 Co-141 0.178 i 0 015 Td35I 3.05" 0.265 E1229-125 12/1197 Cr 51 0 491 t 0.043 j 0.444[ -3 23 8 1.299 Mn-54 0.202 1 0 017 0.215 2.31 0 354 l
Co-50 0.130 i 0.012 0.136 1.49 0.506 Fe 59 0.142 1 0.012 0.140 -041 0 084 j Co-60 0.237 1 0.021 0.238 0.14 0.148 Zn-65 0.355 i 0.062 0.370 0.72 0.164 Cs-134 0.251 1 0.023 0.242 -1.24 0.091 Cs-137 0.387 1 0.033 0.380 -0.64 0.342 Co-141 0.246 i 0.021 0 258 1,73 0.984 NOTES:
(a) The "known" values are ksted with a range reflecting control (3 sigma) limits.
(b) The normalized deviation from the "known" value is computed from the devietton and the standard error d the mean; 12.000 is the warning hmit and 23.000 is the control hmit. This is a measure of accuracy of the analytical rnethods.
(c) The normalized range is computed frem the mean range, the control limit, and the standard error of the range; 42.000 is the weming hmit and +3 000 is the controllimit. This is a measure of precision of the analytical methods.
(d) The results reported were out of the controllimits; refer to the discussion on program exceptions.
I
Programs Exceptions:
( There were eight results out of control limits (3 sigma) for the 1997 cross check program.
l . Of these eight out of control limit results, all were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy (6 l nuclides in two matrices). Five of the results in question were in liquid cross check samples, three in the sediment samples.
There was a single result for Mn-54 in water out of control limits. Review of the cross check results for the year indicated a high bias for Fe-59 and Cs-137 in water, even though there were only two instances each out of control limits. Investigation of this bias i indicated it was due to coincidence summing effects of Y-88 and Co-60 on the efficiency l curve in the effected region. To minimize the coincidence summing effects on the efficiency curve in the energy region in question, we will add two additional nuclides (Mn-54 and Zn-65) to the next set of liquid calibration sources purchased. The addition of
'these nuclides to the calibration source should bring the results for the three nuclides in question within controllimits.
Review of the three out of control limit results in the sediment samples did not indicate a trend or bias. Given the limited data for sediment cross check samples (4 samples) to date, it was not possible to establish a trend. The three out of control limit results were
)
each for a different nuclide (Cr-51, Cs-134, and Cc-141). No corrective action due to 1 these results will be taken at this time. If, after collection of additional data a trend or bias I is established, corrective action will be taken at that time. l There is no impact on past data indicated by these cross-check program exceptions. :
Environmental samples are analyzed and reported with a 95% confidence level that the analytical result with its associated error encompasses the "true" value. Ninety six percent of RBS environmental cross-check results are within control limits for accuracy and precision.
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ATTACHMENT 11 1997 Special Sample Results 1
i II-i
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! ATTACHMENT lli Corrected Page from 1996 Report 1
I III-i
f I
l
. ODCM Specification 6.12.1 requires 24 TLDs, l positioned as outlined below:
Eight TLDs located in the geraral areas of the site boundary.
Eight TLDs located approximately 3 to 5 miles from the site.
Eight TLDs located in special interest areas 1
such as population centers, nearby residences, schools, and in 1 or 2 areas to serve as control stations.
Sixteen permanent TLD stations at the protected area boundary.
. The remaining 3 TLDs utilized as duplicates at varying locations.
1.4.3 Milk At the beginning of 1996, ODCM Specifications required the following:
. Sample collection from milking animals in three locations
)
within a five km distance having the highest dose potential.
If milking animals were unavailable within five km, collect 1
milk samples from three locations, between five to eight ]
l km, where calculated doses exceed 1.0 millirem per year.
. One control sample at a distance of 15-30 km.
1 GGNS modifications to the REMP reduced the milk J
sampling frequency to quarterly for indicator locations, when available, with sampling of the control location only occurring when indicator locations are present.
l l-4 l
1 j