ML20207C206
| ML20207C206 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crane |
| Issue date: | 07/01/1986 |
| From: | Baci P, Gilbert E, Rich Smith NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE REGION I), NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE) |
| To: | |
| References | |
| CH-A-HUSTED-026, CH-A-HUSTED-26, NUDOCS 8607210290 | |
| Download: ML20207C206 (110) | |
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REPORT OF INVESTIGATION I J117 40:27 TITLE:
Three Mile Island Nuclear GeneMPJdrigFS.tatig Unit 1/ Investigation of AllegeFtffdgEewict.
Operator Licensing Examinations CASE NUMBER:
HQS-81-003 1
SUPPLEMENTAL:
Docket Num'er 50-289 o
PERIOD OF INVESTIGATION:
July 24-31, 1981 i
STATUS OF INVESTIGATION:
Closed
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INVESTIGATORS:
CbdC dcI 3 /ie / tl Edward C. Gilbert, Staff Investigator Investigations Branch, EI Staff Office of Inspection and Enforcement
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pInvestigationsBranch,EIStaffeter E. Saci, Senior Inve S
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Office of Inspection and Enforcement
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- Raymond H. Sm1:n, Senior Investigator l
EI Staff, Region I Eh E WE 2
Office of Inspection and Enforcement j
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EI Staff, Region I Office of Inspection and Enforcement 0607210290 860701 DR ADOCK 0500 9
i 1EPORT REVIEWED BY:
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'W Griam J. Wa rjy, Chiitf ' '
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Investigationf Branch, El Staff 1 n,q Office of Inspection and Enforcement IIUh., k Of
f SPECIAL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS
.he Director,e.0ffice of Inspecticn and Enforcement has determined that public release of this report would be clearly invasive of the personal privacy of persons named herein.
Accordingly, this dccument is exempt from public disclosure in accordance with exemption 7(C) Freedom of Information Act.
This report may not be reproduced or publicly released without the approval of the Director Office of Inspection and Enforcement or his designee.
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Betwc<n April 21 and 24, 1981, the NRC variously administered reactor operator (RO) a id senior reactor operator (SRO) examinations to a total of 36 individuals seking NRC licensing in connection with the proposed restart of the Three Mile
'-land (TMI) Unit 1.
During the grading and review of the examination results July 1981, marked similarities indicative of cheating were discerned in the
..say-style answyrs submit.:ed by two of the examinees.
Accordingly, an investigation was conducted to ascertain ~whether cheating and/
or collusion occurred between these two individuals, and to establish whether there was evidence of similar improprieties by other individuals who took the examinations.
A thorough analysis and comparison of the R0 and SRO exams submitted by the two suspected individuals confirmed the existence of numerous examples of blatant similarities in their written responses which clearly indicated they had conspired to cheat on both exams.
A comprehensive review of the other RO and SRO examinations administered between April 21 and 24,1981 revealed no evidence of additional irregularities / cheating by the remaining examinees.
Further, an analysis of "mo:k" RO and SRO examinations acministered on April 2 and 3,1981 disclosed additional similarities in the answers furnished by the two individuals in question.
However, no improprieties were surfaced in the essay answers prepared by the other examinees.
During two initial interviews, both suspected individuals acknowledg'ed they had sat next to each other at the same table on the RO and SRO examinations administered on April 23 and 24, 1981, respectively.
However, both denied knowledge of or participation in cheating in these or any other examinations.
rther, after being shown examples of their answers, they conceded the presence obvious and distinct similarities for which they were unab'e to provide logical explanations.
Interviews of the NRC Resident Inspector at TMI who assisted in the monitoring of the exams and 11 of the remaining 34 individuals who took the exams revealed no infor ation indicative of involvement in or knowle'ge of cheating during 'the d
R0 and/or SRO exams.
However, several of these individuals admitted the opportunity for cheating existed in some of the classrooms since NRC pro: tors were reportedly inattentive and/or absent for extended periods of time.
In this regard, however, inquiries disclosed :he examination sessions attended by the two suspected incivid-uals received virtually 100 percent coverage by the pro: tors.
Further, investi-gative efforts produced no evidence to indicate that the utility either knowingly attempted to facilitate cheating by any of its employees or had knowledge and/or suspicion of cheating prior to being apprised by the NRC.
During a subsequent interview, one of the suspected individuals provided a signed sworn statement wherein he acmitted copying from the other suspected individual's answer sheets in both the " mock" R0 and SRO exams and the NRC administered RO and
SRo cxars.
He. enw,ned t4t in ait uans the cdnee.cd.v 41 ess ated him by deliberately making his answer sheets available to him.
- Further, he stated that during the April 23 and 24, 1981 exams, they orally exchanged arswers and in one instance he passed a piece of scrap paper containing an answer to the other individual.
a subsequent interview, the other suspected individual submitted a signed arn statement in which he admitted being aware that the other individual in question hat.. reached over and taken his answer sheets during both NRC administered R0 and SRO exams.
However, he denied knowing whether the other individual actually copied from his answer sheets.
Further, he continued to maintain that he, himself, had not cheated on these or any other examinations.
Based upon the information gathered during this investigation, the Director, Enforcement and Investigations Staff. IE:HQ, determined an enforcement decision could be made, and no additional investigative effort was warranted.
Accordingly, this investigation is closed.
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7 5:.: G t0 3 3 On Monday, July 20, 1957, Jame's LIEBEFyAN, Deputy Director, Division of Rulemaking and Enfcecement, Office of the Executive Legal Director (ELD),
J was contacted telephonically by Paul COLLINS, Operator Licensing Branch.
(nr !) Division of Human Factors Safety. Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation COLLINS advised LIEEEpd'AN that two individuals appeared to have
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sted on a senior reactor (SRO) examination given at Three Mile Island (TMI) in April.1481.
COLLINS indicated that because of the amount of work in OLS, a consultant named M. V. DAVIS was used to grade the SRO examinations given at TMI on DAVIS, reportedly a professor at Georgia Tech, April 22 and 24, 1951.
notified COLLINS of his suspicions concerning cheating when he returned the i
15, 1981.
Attached to the exams was a note SRO exams to the OLB on July from 0 AVIS stating that "there is in my mind no way this test could have DAVIS also provided a list been taken honestly by these two applicants."
of answers which tracked very closely on the papers of the two individuals
(
,0 and u/
) allegedly involved in the cheating.
At the top of the list, DAVIS comented that "there are more but I got tired comparing."
Investigators' Note:
The reactor operator (RO) exams had been graded and reviewed by July 10, 1951, apparently by COLLINS, WILSON and a third unidentified OLS employee.
There appeared to be no suspicitn of cheating on the RO exams until DAVIS' coments concerning the GRO exams were received by OLB.
Subsequent review of their RO exams by IE investigators indicated the same conspicuous commonality of answers on the papers of O and W
tial information provided to LIEBERMAN indicated that two NRC proctors had been absent from the examination rooms for extended periods of time.
This generated concern that cheating, if it had occurred, might involve even more of the 25 examinees and therefore be more pervasive than originally e
suspected.
After LIEBER"AN was provided with the two suspect SR3 exams by COLLINS.and W
reviewing them he requested that COLLINS furnish ELD with O RO exams.
On July 22, 1981 LIEEEFFAN notified James J. CUMMINGS, Director, Office of Inspector and Auditor (01A) and Victor STELLO, Jr., Director, Office of Inspection and Enforcement (IE) of this matter.
On July 24, 1951, the Office of Inspection and Enforcement was directed by Chaiman Nun:io PALADINO to conduct a full investigation into this matter.
On that same day IE Investigators Peter E. Baci and Edward C. Gilbert were assigned to the investigation; they were briefed by CUMMINGS on the preliminary investigation conducted by OIA.
Ac:ording to CD.NNGS, the investigation c nducted by O!A was essentially' limited to the interview of COLLINS. ELD personnel, and the two OLB proctors.
Bruce WILSON and Ronald MAINES, as well as an analysis of the RO/SRO examinations taken by O and
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At the conclusion of the briefing, CUMMINGS relin-quished custody of all the RO/SRO examinations to the IE investigators.
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Puit:CSE OF ihviST: 3AT: CN The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cheating occurred, and if so, to what extent, curing examinations administered to individuals currently holding or seeking NRC licenses as reactor operators (RO) a'nd/or senior reactor operators (SRO).
The Examinations in question took place ing the period April.21-24, 1981 at Three Mile Island.
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On July 27, 1981, NRC investigators Peter E. Baci and Eduard C. Gilbert, acecmpanied by IE Resident Inspector Francis YOUNG, visited the TMI training facility to inspect the reces in which R0/SRO exams were given during the period April 21-24, 1981.
The roc.ms varied in size and in the set-up of
- he tables, all of which were of the folding type; the tables were measured i
d determined to be eight feet in length.
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NE:','!EWS 0~ LICENSEE MA
- 3EMETC PEF 5CNNEL On July 27, 1981 NRC Investigators Peter E. Baci and Edward C. Gilbert sought to interview certain employees of the Metropolitan Edison Corporation (MET-ED) in connection with all.eged improprieties in the R0/SRO exams given by the NRC I
c-April 21-24, 1981.
Due to time constraints. TMI Deputy Program Director H. BARRETT recommended going through Mr. Robert C. ARNOLD, Vice President.
.. Service Corporation, irt order to facilitate the scheduling of interviews.
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Mr. ARNOLD, accoinpanied by Henry D. HUKILL, Director TMI Unit I (GPU Service i
corp.) met with the reporting investigators on July 27, 1981 and was briefed i
on the nature of the NRC investigation and requested to make certain MET-ED l
employees available for interview.
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Investigators' Note:
ARNOLD asked whether the investigators intended to l
advise the interviewees that they could have someone present during the interview.
He was advised that while they were certainly within their rights to request the presence of one or more additional individuals during the interview, it was neither the intention of the investigators nor the
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policy of the NRC to so advise them.
ARNOLD then stated that he felt i
obliged to ask the interviewees if they wanted a representative of GPU l
management present when NRC spoke with them.
With the exception of "T-i
, who was interviewed off-site, all of the individuals so advised by GP;l management chose to have a representative of management sit in on the interviews.
Seth ARNOLD and HUKILL stated that they were not aware of any alleged' improprieties ',
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.j concerning the April 1981 RO/SRO examinations prior to meeting with the NRC investi-gators on July 27, 1981.
Both individuals expressed a willingness to cooperate i
fully and make personnel available for interviews when desired by the NRC.
i July 28, 1981, Investigators Baci and Gilbert met with ARNOLD in his office i
on two separate occasions.
During the first meeting, ARNOLD advised the investi-i gators that one of the suspects in the investigation, O
.. had been i
involved in an incident in July 1979 in which one W
,then j
, TMI Unit 2, had submitted as his own work, answers to questions i
which had in fact been prepared by 0.
The question's were described as part of take-heme examinations which VV was required to complete as make-up assign-i l
ments.
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ARNOLD stated that he recalled the incident subsequent to meeting with the investi-l gators on July 27, 1981.
He indicated that he did not have all the details con-cerning the VV matter but was obtaining the file and would provide it to the
!j investigators as soon as he received it.
Later that same day, Investigator Baci was provided with the W file by GPU Attorney John WILSON.
Relevant material from this file is included as Enclosure ( 1).
Briefly, the file indicated that W
had received grades of less than 80% in four sections of Dual SRO License Examinations given in 1977 and 1978.
This resulted in a requirement for classes i
or reading assignments followed by completion of a hand-in test for each category i
involved.
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Of the four required cake-up exams handed in by VV, two nre in the hanenriting of an individual other than his. According to the GPU investigation, VV
" stated that these were in O writing and in fact he had handed it (sic) in directly to complete the required questions.
Basically, (he) stated that he is somewhat pressed for time, that he was at work on his own time and was l
I acut to go on vacation, so he was attempting to complete the assignments in the most expe(i,tious fash, ion.
(He) stated that he needed to complete a number of questions and that he &sked O
to prcvide some infomstion to him."
l The GPU report indicates that W submitted O work without any changes; he l
merely attached a cover sheet known as a " Training Assignment Administrative Form" and handed in the work as completed by 0. feeling that by " completing and j
studying the work, he ( VV ) had completed the requirements."
ARNOLO and WILSON advised the investigators that as a result of the above incident, W was removed from licensed activities.
Without elaborating, the report provided by GPU states " O (sic) involvement in this situation is unacceptable" but it also characterizes him as "a person of unquestioned integrity" and opines that there was no " malfeasance on his part."
There is no indication in the report that any action was taken against O in this matter.
c A second meeting was held with Rchert C. ARNOLD in his office on July 28, 1981.
Present was ARNOLD and Investigators Baci and Gilbert.
ARNOLD advised the investi-1 gators at this time that certain rumors had come to his attention concerning i
cheating on the April R0/5RO exams.
He stated that two reactor operators, j
T" and 4
, had allegedly complained about cheating and " crib" sheets during the subject examinations.
ARNOLD indicated that while the infomatien
'me frcm rumors, he felt that it was gemane to the NRC investigation.
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On July 27,1981, Mr.
O was interviewed by NRC Investigators l
Peter.E. Baci and Raym:nd H. Smith at the NRC Office at Three Mile Island.
~Also present during the interview, at O request, was Mr. Paul G. CHRISTMAN, Manager of Plant Administration, TMI (Unit 1).
O stated that he had been l
employed by the Metropolitan Edison Company since and assigned to 5ree Mile Island (TMI-) since He continued, saying he was
.urrently licensed by the NRC as a and held the l
position of '. ~
at THI (Unit 1).
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was advised by the investigators that they were looking into certain irregularities concerning the R0 and SRO examinations administered by the NRC l
during the period April 21 through 24,1981.
O indicated that he took the R0 and SRO exams "back-to-back" on Thursday and Friday, April 23 and 24,1981.
He reported that on each day the examinees were divided into smoking and non-smoking groups and that each group took the test in a different room.
O stated that he took both the R0 and SRO exams i
in the room set aside for non-smokers.
He recalled that prior to one exam the examinees were assembled together for their instructions before going to their I
respective rooms.
On the other exam, they were already seated in their smoking /
l non-smoking rooms when they received their pre-test instructions.
According to O, the examinees sat at tables which were about eight feet in length and of the folding type.
Therewereoftentwoseatedatataple,sometimes only one, but in no case were more than two examinees ever seated at one table.
O stated that there were no specific seating assignments and recalled that I
he sat at the same table with another W
, during both the RO and SRO exams given on April 23-24, 1981.
He continued, saying that i
te sat at the second table from the front, on the left hand side of the room
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i shen facing the front.
He recalled that he sat on the right side of the table, I
near the aisle, while W
sat on his left.
According to O.,
"Z sat in front of him during the SRO exam but he didn't believe anyone was in I
front of him during the RO exam; he said that on one exam (he couldn't recall I
which) 4 sat directly behind him with r.
on his ( A
),left, while en the other, he believed A
sat behind him at the tJble by himself.
O also recalled that Q
CO and K
were present j
during the RO exam (April 23,1981) but did not remember where they were seated.
l O reported that the proctor, who he believed was a man named t%INES, sat at the front of the room during both examinations.
His recollection was that the exams were proctored for all but a total of apprcximately ' ten minutes, during j
which time the proctor stepped out to go to the head.
O indicated that i
generally, when MAINES left the room, he would be relieved by IE Resident Inspect:rs l
Skip YOUNG ce Don HAVERKAMP (he wasn't sure which); he also said that the other proctor, Bruce WILSON, came in the room from time to time.
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tne seating arrangehents were necessarily conducive to cheating, especially since the proctor was almost always present.
He continued by saying that there was no talking permitted, no breaks for lunch and examinees were only allowed to visit the head or go for a drink'one at a time.
O offered, that in his opinion, it would have been very difficult, although not impossible, to cheat.
-acy from your neighbor or switch papers between individuals during the two minations he ( O ) personally took.
O told Investigators tact and Smith
.d; he was not, aware of ahy Cheating during the examinations nor of any com-plaints or alle{ntions concerning irregularities subsequent to the tests.
In describing how he prepared for the RO/SRO exams, o indicated that he reviewed and studied questions from earlier RO/SRO tests, course material from the Operator Accelerated Requalification Program (OARP), technical specifications, emergency procedures and other sources.
His impression was that the April exams seemed to stress the CARP material and he considered this to be a departure from i
earlier NRC exams which nomally emphasized operating procedures, theory, et i
During the interview, the investigators confronted O with both his and
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SRO (April 24,1981) examination papers and asked if he could explain the plethora of answers which were nearly identical on both tests.
Without identifying the names of the individuals, he was also shown the test papers of other examinees and saw that no set of answers matched in the same nearly identical fashion as his and those of W
While he told the investigators thst there were some
" boiler plate" questions on the exam which could be answered similarly by different individuals, he conceded that he could see the anomaly of two sets of answers 1
tracking that closely and could understand how this might lead a reasonable person a,
to suspect cheating; however, he could offer no explanation other than by saying t
he has known W
for many years, that they often werked together and that many I
of the answers came from material they studied together.
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J was told that similar tracking also existed between his and W
answers on the R0 (April 23, 1981) examination.
While acknowledging that this was indeed strange and that he could offer no logical explanation, he unequivocally declared#
to the investigators that he had not cheated on either exam and was unaware of anyone who did.
He averred that the answers on both his RO and SRO exams were I
j his alone, and further, that they were not copied frem, provided by or given to any other individual taking either examination.
He also denied having any advanced knowledge of the questions to be asked or having seen or been provided with copies of either examinatien prior to their being handed out on the day the tests were i
given.
O was asked if he would be willing to furnish a signed swern statement attesting to the infomation he had just provided to the investigators.
He replied in the affimative and was advised he would be recentacted by the NRC within the next few days.
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On July 27, 1981, y/
was interviewed by NRC Investigators Edward C. Gilbert and R. Keith Christopher at the NRC Office at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station.
Also present during the interview, at W'.
request, was Henry D. HUKILL, Director of Unit 1,
'mployed by the GPU Service Corporation.
W stated.he has been employed by the Metropolitan Edison Company
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and assigned to Three Mile Island since Additionally, he advised he is currently licensed by the NRC as a and he is a at Unit 1.
The investigators informed W
that they were conducting inquiries con-l cerning apparent irregularities in the R0 and SRO examinations administered by the NRC between April 21 and April 2.4, 1981.
w related he took the RO examination on Thursday April 23, 1981 and the 1
SRO exam on Friday April 24, 1981.
Additionally, he disclosed that - O l
took both examinations with him in the non-smoking classroom.
In this regard, 1
he acknowledged that he and o shared the same table on both days, and he
(
W.) sat to i O left.
He also identified the proctors and other j
examineas who were present at the two examinations.
W claimed the exams were appropriately administered, monitore( and controlled, and remarked that all necessary measures were in effect to prevent the possibility of cheating.
In this respect, he denied any knowledge, suspicion '
or awareness of rumors regarding any cheating or other improprieties concerning i
his or any other RO and SRO exams.
everal similar answers to test questions were randomly selected by the investi-gators from W
and O
ROexamination(April 23,1981) and displayed to W
Additionally, he was told that the same circumstances exist on their SRO exam (April 24,1981).
He was also infomed that no answers from the,.
other examinees contained these conspicuous similarities.
After comparing the
- examples, W
agreed there were marked similarities between their two exams which(sould understandably cause suspicion and lead someone to conclude he 'and O
had cheated.
- However, W
denied cheating by any means on either examination, and added that to his knowledge 0 had not engaged in any dis-honest activity.
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could offer no logical explanation for the distinct and obvious similarities but remained adamant in his denials of culpability.
W was queried regarding his willingness to provide a signed sworn state-ment attesting to the infomation he had verbally furnished.
He responded in the affirmative and was advised that he would be recentacted by the investigators within the next few days to obtain this statement.
INTER'.'!EW CF NRC RES! CENT INSPECTORS I
Francis I. YOUNG, NRC Resident Inspector Ihree Mile Island Nuclear Generating i
Station, was interviewed on July 28, 1981 by Investigator Edward C. Gilbert.
v0UNG stated the R0 and SR0 examinations were administered on Tuesday through j
iday, April 21 through April 24, 1981.
Additionally, he advised there were l
..o different R0 and SRO exams designated R0 (A), R0 (B), SRO (A) and SRO (B) j which were admfh'istered separately on each of the four days.
Further, he i
related that each of the four examinations were given concurrently in two classrooms designated for smokers and non-smokers.
Therefore, on any one day, j
one of the four examinations was being taken by a group divided into a smoking and a non-smoking classroom.
1 He remarked that Ron MAINES and Bruce WILSON were each assigned to one of the two classrooms on all four days to monitor the exams.
Additionally, YOUNG j
advised that he relieved the two monitors during the lunch period on all four days.
He estimated that he monitored each classroom for about one hour between 11:00 AM and 1:00 PM while the other proctors were absent for lunen.
He recalled one instance when a monitor left a classroom during the examination to discuss the exam with EE in the hall outside the room.
However, he had no idea how long the proctor was absent from the classroom.
He assumed the monitor EEi i
was conversing with was WILSON since he (WILSON) was in charge of ac'tinistering i
the examinations.
YOUNG denied knowledge of any other occasions when a proctor was not present in the classrooms during the periods the exams were b,eing given.
YOUNG stated he was not present when any of the exams started to hear the instruc-I tions provided by the proctors concerning how the tests were to be conducted.
Therefore, he did not know whether specific admonishments against cheating and/or ecautienary measures to avoid the possibility of cheating were made to the
.aminees.
YOUNG commented that the examinees were seated at tables, about
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eight feet long.
He continued that two individuals sat at each table at opposite ends facing in the same direction.
He assumed there were no predetermined seating l
assignments so everyone could sit where they wanted.
He had no recollection of specifically where and with whom the various individuals sat.
In this respect, he ackncwledged that since he briefly monitored all e'xaminations, O
and W
were present in two of the exams.
However, he could not recall the seating arrangements, placement of answer sheets or classroom behavior of either individual.
i YOUNG advised he generally remained seated at the front of the classroom although he did occasionally walk to the rear of the room.
He added that he did not circulate between the various tables.
He could offer no information concerning the extent j
of mobility of the other proctors.
However, he admitted observing one of the j
proctors (not further identified) seated at the front of the room reading a novel.
YOUNG denied observing or hearing any talking, whispering or other. interaction between the examinees.
Further, he denied seeing anyone look or glance at another's
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answers.
He noted that if the answer sheets were kept properly separated and face i
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there were instances of answer sheets being placed, presumably face d:wn, He continued that between individuals rather than directly in front of them.
under these conditions individuals could have surreptitiously exchanged and/or In this respect, he offered that the obtaine'd each others' answer sheets.
distance between the individuals would have prevented them from copying answers
'out having physical possession of the other's answer sheet.
He denied eving any answer sheets,placed face up on the table but allowed that he YOUNG also cia not check to Jnsure that no one had another's answer sheet.
reported only one individual was allowed to leave the room at a time to go to Further, he noted he insured that no ose left the classroom or the restroom.
returned with any paper or other material.
He agreed that an individual from one classroom could conceivably have rt.et an individual from the other classroom in the restroom and discussed the examination.
Additionally, YOUNG could not discount the possibility of " crib sheets" being brought into the classroom or being referred to when someone went to the restroom.
However, he reiterated that although the potential and opportunity for dishonest behavior existed as i
set forth above, he did not observe, suspect or hear of any cheating or other i
j questionable activity regarding any of the examinations.
l Donald R. HAVERKAMP, NRC Senior Resident Inspector. Three Mile Island Nuclear l
Generating Station < was interviewed on July 30, 1981 by Investigator Edward C.
HAVERKRtP stated that to the best of his recollection he did not I
Gilbert.
participate in the monitoring of any of the RO or SRO examinations administered I
between April 21 and 24, 1981.
He allowed that he may have " stuck his head in" l
the classrooms on a few occasions, however he did not observe any suspicious activity indicative of cheating.
He was unable to furnish any pertinent infonnation.,
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REVIEW AC C MPARISCN 0. APRIL 1951 NPC R0 AND SRO EXAMINATIONS Inquiries determined the NRC administered RO and SRO examinations to all Three Mile Island, Unit 1 operator personnel between April 21 and April 24 1931.
The majority-of the questions required answers written in an essay I
'ormat.
The maximum time allowed for the RO exam was 9 hours1.041667e-4 days <br />0.0025 hours <br />1.488095e-5 weeks <br />3.4245e-6 months <br /> and it was iministered from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.
The maximum time limit for the SRO exam was 7 houts and it wa.s administered from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm.
There i
were two versions (different questions) for both the R0 and SRO examinations which were designated "A" and "B."
They were given as follows:
April 21 - R0 (A)
April 22 - SRO (A)
April 23 - R0 (B)
April 24 - SRO (B) j A total of 36 individuals were examined.
All 36 took the RO exam and 20 of them also took the SRO exam.
Specifically, 19 individuals took the R0 (A)
I examination (three failures),12 individuals took the SRO (A) examination l
(one failure),17 individuals took the R0 (B) examination (three failures) and 8 individuals took the SRO (B) examination (one failure).
O and W
i took both the R0 (B) exam on April 23, 1981 and the SRO (B) exam on April 24, 1931.
They received final grades of 84.4t and 82.lt, respectively on the l
R0 (B) exam; and W
failed one of the 8 categories.
They received final grades of 96 and 94t, respectively on the SRO (B) exam.
The R0 (B) exams l
also indicate they were completed (turned into the proctor) at 4:55 km by O
and 4:45 pm by W
The SRO (B) exams for o and W
reflect j
they were both completed at 3:00 pm.
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thorough review, analysis and comparison of the R0 (B) and SRO (B) examinations 4
.,ubmitted by 0 and W
disclosed many instances where their essay-type j
answers were markedly (B) test answers forsimilar, and in several cases they were vi In respect to the R0 O
and W
, blatant similarities existed in at least 17 of the approximately 79 questions requiring extensive essay responses.
In regard to their SRO (B) exam results, conspicuous co rnonality 1
1 appeared in at least 29 of the approximately 52 questions requiring lengthy answers.
Typical examples of these obvious similarities are as follows:
R0 (B) Answers to Question A.6 (a):
l 0
W i
"No it does not mean that the core "No it does not mean that the core boren boron decreased from 1000 ppm to decreased from 1000 ppm to something less.
something less.
What it means is It means that the density changed so that 1
l j
that'the density changed so that the boren in the water becomes less dense the boron, which is in the water, so you increase tempe'rature.
Thus neute:ns l becomes less dense as you heat up.
will travel further before it is abser:ed Hence the neutron is able to travel by a baron atom.
This will have a positive further before it is absorbed by a on Keff since the themal utilization 1
boren atom.
This tends to have a factor will increase."
j positive effect on Xeff because the i
thermal utilization factor will increase.",
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'At the feed water inlet there is an opening in which steam is drawn and opening where steam is drawn and comes
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comes in contact with the F.W.
This in direct contact the (sic) the feed
minees for any of the exams.
He also acknowledged that no record was itained of the separation of examinees into smoking and non-smoking class-BROWN reported the following information regarding the " mock" examinations:
..ms.
RC pl was given "on April 1,1981; RO #2 and SRO fl were given on April 2,1981; and SRO #2 was given on April 3,1981.
Investigators Note:
As written on both C) and VV
" mock" examination papers, both took the R0 exam on April 2 and the SRO exam on April 3,1981.
Additionally, since both are admittedly non-smokers and subsequently took the NRC examinations in the non-smoking classroom, it may reasonably be concluded that they took the two " cock" examinations together in the non-smoking class-room.
Further, as annotated on the " mock" exam papers, presumably by the proctor (s). O and VJ took the RO exam from 0800 to 1410 and 0800 to 1404, respectively; and the SRO exam from 0735 to 1415 and 0800 to 1400, respectively.
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On July 25,1981. Mr.
EE was interviewed by NRC Ireestigators peter E. Saci and Edward C. Gilbert at the NRC Office at Three Mile Island.
Also present during the interview, at EE request, was Mr. Henry D. HUKILL, Director, TMI Unit 1, who is employed by the GPU Service Corporation.
EE sted that he has been. employed by the Metropolitan Edison Corporation (MET-ED) 4 ice and currently holds the position of En d so stated' that he is a licensed SRO and has been so licensed i
tunit 1).
since about 1973 or 1974; he added that he received his first R0 license in 1968.
EE advised the investigators that he took the RO and SRO examinations which were given on April 21 and 22,1981, respectively.
He stated that on both days he sat in a room which was set asice for non-smoking examinees.
He recalled that FF H
E G
F I
D and R
were also present in the same room during the RO l
examination.
EE described the RO exam as being 9 hours1.041667e-4 days <br />0.0025 hours <br />1.488095e-5 weeks <br />3.4245e-6 months <br /> in length while the l
SRO exam took 7 hours8.101852e-5 days <br />0.00194 hours <br />1.157407e-5 weeks <br />2.6635e-6 months <br />; both exams started at approximately 0800 each morning.
1 I
EE recalled that the proctors for the exams were Eruce WILSON and Ronald M.
l MAINES although he was not sure who covered which room on which day.
EE j
indicated that there was 100 coverage of the testing roum: and that the proctors i
were relieved for lunch by IE Resident Inspector Francis YOUNG and possibly by I
Senior Resident Inspector Don HAVERKAW.P as well.
According to EE, he sat next to FF while taking the RO ewam; this was at the front of the examination room, in close proximity to the proctor.
He could not remember who, if anybody, sat next to him on the SRO exam.
EE recalled the standard instructions being given prior to the exams:
don't leave the room ithout permission, eat lune at your desk, do your own work, etc.
)-
dE didn't remember anyone leaving for an unusually 1cng period of time during the examinations.
He opined that it would have been difficult to observe the papers of the person sitting next to you or to switch exam papers between individuals.
He felt that the conditions under which the examinations were i
i given, i.e. the rooms, the proctoring, the close proximity of participants, etc.
were not necessarily conducive to cheating and stated that he himself was not aware of any cheating nor of any complaints or concerns,in that regard.
l The only conversation he heard during the exams was grumbling abcut having to take the tests and concerning the difficult nature of the exaes.
He cpined that i
the April exams were harder than previou: tests by a " factor of two."
He stated I
that this was because the exams covered a lot nf material from the Operator Accelerated Requalification Program (OARP).
In the past, he explained, much i
of the material came from other sources, such as FSAP.'s, and did not require the same detailed knowledge on the part of the operators.
When asked, be stated that some of the questions and material which appeared on the exams had.been covered on earlier tests and could therefore have been studied and learned by memorization.
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... j stucied tcget*.'* on shift, exchanged handouts, and had stucy sessions sponsored by training.
The handeuts had sample questions, drawings, etc., sor.e of which gE felt probably appeared en the tests.
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a On July 28, 1981. Mr R
was interviewed by NRC In<estigators Peter E. Baci and ' Edward Cs Gilbert at the NRC Office at Three Mile Island.
s R
request, was Mr. Henry D. HUKILL, Also present during the interview, at R
Director. TMI LMit 1, who is employed by the GPU Service Corpora He continued that he started with MET-ED in York, PA.
s was laid off, and. subsequently rehired to work at TMI.
According to R
s he is currently employed by MET-ED as a He stated that he has Mken the RO exam twice, first on about April 1980 and the second time on Apr$1 23, 1981, failing both times.
R told the reporting investigators that the examinees on April 23, 1981 F
, sat were split into two groups, smoking and non-smoking, and that he, in the room set asiee for non-smokers.
R recalled that he, o
co and Q
took the RO exam on the same day and in the same T-and d
were there too.
R room; he also thousht that reported that he sat on the right side of the rocm, about three tables back and on the aisle.
He indicated that R
sat on his right at the same table and that oc sat behind him ( R
).
Across the aisle and slightly forward of his table sat O
R the proctor for the April 23, 1981 RO exam was Ron MAINES According to of the and he or the local resident inspector (Skip YOUNG) was there for 98:
R recalled that MINES went out of the room "once or twicp" but time.
R indicated thinks that YOUNG either relieved him or brought him lunch.
that he saw the other proctor, Bruce WILSON, in the smoking room where they were all assembled and given their test papers prior to sp'itting into smoking
- non-smoking groups.
I R
could not recall much concerning instructicns before the test since he He said that he nomally turned was pressed for time and wanted to "get to it."
his papers over when finished with them and opined that you "had to be pretty sneaky to cheat."
He felt that it was possible, but very difficult 50 cheat He indicated that by observing your neighbor's paper or by switening pacers.
MINES walked around "once or twice" that he could recall and that MAINES lef the room several times for a brief period when he couldn't answer a question R
recalled the proctor stopping and had to get the other proctor, WILSON.
one individual from going to the head because someone else was already out of the room.
1 l
R stated the talk after the exam was mostly about how hard the exam was and not about any cheating.
He said that prior to this investigation he had R
felt that certain of the test not been aware of any cheating problem.
questions could be expected to have similar or " boiler plate" answert while other answers should definitely differ from individual to individua,1.
I,
R said that he studied primarily by himself when preparing for the RO exam although he also studied with his shift which consisted of G
co P
, and O
He also studied at O herr.e on two or three separate occasions and could not recall if W
was there at the time.
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Q
. senior reactor operstar, Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station Unit 1, was interviewed at the flRC office at Three Mile Island on Juiy 28, 1951 by Investigator Edward C. Gilbert and Senior Investigator Peter E.
Sa:i.
Additionally Henry D. HUKILL, Director of Unit 1 employed by the GPU e-vice Corporation, was present during the interview at Q
request.
4 stated he has been* employed at Three Mile Island since and his home address is
, telephone He advised he was administered the RO examination in the classroom designated for non-smokers on Thursday April 23, 1981.
He recalled the following individuals were also in this classroom:
R CC S
O
,.W A
I
, and Z
He remarked all examinees were able to choose their own seats which were arranged two to a table.
He related he and R shared the sa e table which faced forward on the right side of the room.
He recalled that CO and S
sat at the same table behind them.
Addit'enally, he recalled 2
sat by himself.
Further, he offered O sat on the left side of the room at a middle table, possibly with T.
G stated the R0 and SRO exams were monitored by two individuals, one of whom was Sru:e WILSON.
However, he did not know the name of the individual who monitored his RO examination.
Further, when this proctor was gone on at least one occasion for a short lunch period, he was replaced by an NRC inspector.
Therefore, he concluded the monitors afforded almost 100t coverage during his exam.
Q disclosed that shortly after the examinations were administered he heard rumors that a proctor was absent for long periods of time from one of the classrooms designated for smokers.
He assumed this presented conditions ducive to cheating although he denied knowledge of anyone taking advantage of situation.
He could not recall any announcement by the monitor prior to the exam regarding precautions against cheating.
However, to his knowledge, examination regulations were not violated.
He explained that only one individual went to the restroom at a time.
Additionally, to his knowledge, everyone placed tneir answer sheits face down on the table in front of them.
Further, he did not observe or hear any conversations between the examinees.
Q expressed his npinion that there was sufficient spacing between individuals to preclude copying from another's answer sheet with the proctor present.
He explained that the essay responses woulc have been very difficult to read and/or copy in their entirety.
- However, he allowed that it would not have been difficult for two individuals to have passed their answer sheets to each other.
He repeated that he did not ooserve any suspicious activity in his classroom during the administration of the RO exam.
Q volunteered he comenced studying approximately 4 to 6 weeks prior to the exam.
He stated that once a week for the month preceding the exam his shift met at O residence to review various topics.
Further, he noted he spent up -
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R0 12.5 Fts SRO 11.5 Pts CATEGORY A (A,H)_
PRINCIPLES OF REACTOR THEORY 2
h.
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- R0 ANSWERS j
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- SRO ANSUERS
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Explain the term Decay Heat (1.0) 1.
a.
How and why does its effect vary over time after a reactor trip from b.
full power? (1.0)
What is the A suberitical reactor has a count rate of 30 cps for X.ff of 0.95.
count rate for Xeff of 0.98? Show all assumptions and' work. (1.0) 2.
The operator with-Assume your reactor is critical at 800 cps on the source range. Assume each p 3
draws a control rod 3%.
What will be the resulting period? (2.0) a.
Sketch the resulting power trace on the recordar pkDer (Figure A-1).
Assume one' b.
inch / min. chart speed.
Use attached chart paper.
l.0)
'5 etch and exclain the response Assume a reactor trip occurred 010 cps.'
5 S
c.
on the Spdi. (1.0)
If 1% excess reactivity is added to a reactor that is critical, 4.
a.
the resulting stable positive period is very short.
Explain in detail why the addition of 15 negative reactivity (to a critical reactor results in a long stable negative period.
1,0)
' b.
For the case of adding 1% positive reactivity, would the r,eactor be considered prompt or sJper critical? Explain (1.0) 5.
Assune the reactor tripped from 100% power.
plot the resulting Xenon curve for 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> after the trip. (0,5) a.
b.
Using a dash line plot Xenon if the reactor was started up eight hours after the trip and raised to 50% power. (1.0)
Discuss the problems on startup 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> after a trip. (1.0) c.
6.
The !!oderator Temperature Coefficient is known to be most negative at end of core life.
Explain the reason for this condition.
Include in your explanation the effect on each.of the applicable factors in the 6 factor formula.
(Itisnot 1ecessar'y to define each of the 6 factors.) (2.0) 7 7.
F~or the atOched Figure A-2, calculate each of the factors in die 6 factor for. ula.
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If this reactor shutdown, critical, or supercritical? (1.0)
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SRO 10.0 pts CATEGORY H (K) 3
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FUEL HANDLING AND CORE PARAMETERS
[
t SRO ONLY AflSWER l
- 01. What are two (2) reasons for having end voids in the fuel rods?
(1.0) o 2.
Describe the physical differences between Control Rod assemblies and Axial Power.
Shaping Rod assemblies.
(IncludeDriveMechanisms)
(2.0) o 3.
The following data was taken during the loading of a reactor core.
Estimate the number of fuel elements required for a critical mass and show how you arrived at this number.
(2.0) l NUMBER OF ELEMENTS ADDED COUNT RATE (Cos) 0 100 40 121 l
20 139 20 161 10 175 j
10 180 10 200 o4 a.
Whatisa"reactivityanomaly"?(1.0) b.
Describe the method used to detemine if a " reactivity anombly" exists. (1.0) 1 What action (s) must be taken if a " reactivity anomaly" occurs? (1.0) i c.
i 0 5 During a reactor refueling an irradiated fuel assembly gets stuck in the "A" Trarsfe tube when the fuel transfer system. East system, fails.
Describe the actions required to remove the stuck assembly.
(2.0) i s
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'Date
RO 9.0 pts SRO T6 0 pts CATEGORY G (G1I)
RADIATION CONTROL AND SAFETY 0
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Describe thpproduct, ion gf N-16 and p}s hazard to plant p 1.
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List the Quality Factors for the following types of radiation.
i.
Fast Neutrons (0.1 ) { '- n _ =
A - p
, 11.
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=
iii. Thermal Neutrons (0.1)l3 k iv. Alpha (0.1) yV dow are the Quality Factors related to biologiciil damage? (0.6)
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After properly removing your orotective clothine at a step-off pad yourself for contaminants and find the soles of your shoes are hign.y.ou friskly contaminated -
apparently from the set-off pad.
hat should be your imediate actions? (1.0)
~
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h p
g on your way to the decon area? (0,5)
/' What contamination limits must be met to permit wearing these shoes to leave the w==,cgn.trp1 access point? Bespecific(0.5) 4uw y p.,,,
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After working on a small radioactive fitting for two hours you discover that your cocket dosimeter is off scale.
A survey indicates that the fitting reads 800 mr/hr t one foot.
You estimate that your average working distance was two feet from the l
fitting.
Estimate your dose. (1.5) M* Mk N
- a.
b.
How much additional dose are you permitted to receive this quarter?
Justify I
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Explain i
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r Reactor Coolant System Activity?
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List the conditions that wil cause a reactor p
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_ SYSTEM DESIGN FLOW SOURCES 0F WATER HP1 svype./r p BW-M W A =' ' '
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I make this statement freely with no threats or prom'ises of reward.having been made to me.
Investigator BAct s writing /4ypd=g-.this statement for me at my request.
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Ihdvereadtheforegoingstate..entconsistingof handwritten / typed I have made and initialed any necessary corrections anc have signed my pages.
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I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoino is true.and correct.
Executed on at ~ '
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N#tE r Subscribed and s:, corn to before me this' day of
, 19__,
.at INVESTIGATOR:
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- WITNESS:
MAME:
E!ELOSURE 4
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I hdve read the foregoing state.m.ent consisting of 4-handwritter.A g et pages.
I have made and initialed any necessary correc: tons anc have signed my name in ink in the margin of each page.
This statament is the truth to the best of my knowledge and belief.
I deQare under genalty j;t,'fB ' /.Mthat the foregoine fperju is true and correct.
Executed on W1./.9/. F/ at V
(f ~ gate time INTERVIEWEE:
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1 Subscribed and s rn to before me this~
'2i day of G-1, 19 8 a t..L M L c,
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i INVESTIGATOR:
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WITNESS; c.,E,. -
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