ML20151N788
| ML20151N788 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Indian Point  |
| Issue date: | 07/31/1988 |
| From: | Rao G WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC COMPANY, DIV OF CBS CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML100330987 | List: |
| References | |
| WCAP-11831, WCAP-11831-R01, WCAP-11831-R1, NUDOCS 8808090091 | |
| Download: ML20151N788 (199) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wr.STiAGHOUSE CLASS 3 CUSTOMER DISIGNATE3 CISTRIBUTION WCAP-11831 . Rev. 1 CHARPY TOUGHNESS AND BRITTLE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HAZ HIGH HARDNESS ZONE OF THE IP-2 STEAM GENERATOR GIRTH WELD BY GLEEBLE WELD THERMAL CYCLE SIMULATION GUTTI V. RA0 JULY 1988 Approved by: I T. R. Mager, Mpffager Metallurgical Wnd Nondestructive Analysis - Work Performed Under Shop Order ICCJ-138 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Generation Technology Systems Division P. O. Box 2728 . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230'2728 8808090091 880731 PDR ADOCK 05000247 0 PNU _ _ i 3000s-060348 10
i
. ABSTRACT Code rejectable indications were reported in the weld regions of the Indian Point Unit 2 (IP-2) steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone girth welds. Examination of the boat samples taken from the affected regions ,
of the welds showed cracks characteristic of a corrosion fatigue mechanism. , The examinations further showed that the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) l contained a thin high hardness zone (HHZ) adjacent to the weld fusion zone. l '. To address the concerns resulting from the potential extension of the observed cracking into the thin HHZ regions, Charpy toughness and fracture appearance transition temperature evaluations were conducted by Gleeble weld thermal . I cycle simulation. The overall results of the evaluations showed that the HAZ high hardness zone has adequate toughness and that cracking is not likely to propagate by cleavage (brittle) fracture. Multipass weld thermal cycles ass 6ciated with the SA302 Grade B steam generator vessel upper shell to transitica cone weld were simulated to accurately reproduce the HHZ (34 to 39 Rockwell 'C') hardnecs and microstructure observed in the boat samples. A 1/4 in, wide HHZ was reproduced at the center zone of a four inch long oversized unnotched Charpy blanks employing a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. Charpy V-notched specimens were then prepared from the blanks and impact tested at temperatures ranging from -300*F to +320*F. The results of'the evaluations clearly showed s that the high hardness zone could be accurately and consistently reproduced with the required microstructure and hardness level in the SA302 Grade B material bulk samples. The Charpy impact toughness test results confirmed , that the IP2 steam generator girth. weld HAZ high hardness zone has an upper shelf value of approximately 59 f t-lbs, a value that is comparable to the base metal properties. The test results further showed that the fracture appearance transition temperature of the high hardness zone corresponded to
-115'F.
3173s-072248 10 j
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Code rejectable indications were reported in the weld regions of the Indian Point Unit 2 (IP-2) steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone girth weld. The steam generator shell is fabricated from SA302 Grade B steel material. The results of metallurgical evaluations conducted on boat samples , from the steam generator girth weld showed that cracks were initiated at the - inside diameter (ID) surface pits and propagated by a corrosion fatigue , mechanism. These evaluations also confirmed the presence of a thin high hardness zone (HHZ) adjacent to the fusion zone in the heat affected zone having an equivalent Rockwell 'C' hardness value (Rc) ranging from 34 to 39. < This program was undertaken to address the concerns arising from the potential propagation of cracking along the high hardness zone. The primary objective of this program was to evaluate the upper shelf , toughness value and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of the thin high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld. A Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator was employed to accurately reproduce the high hardness zone and microstructure in bulk Charpy binnks. The results from Charpy V-notch impact tests were employed to establish the potential for . s cleavage (brittle) fracture at the weld regions. The evaluations showed that < the HAZ has adequate toughness and that any extension of cracking into the HHZ , is not expected to propagate by cleavage (brittle) fracture, o The program was carried out in three tasks. The first task of the program identified the target microstructure, the required grain size and hardness ~ level from the boat samples. The second task of the program established the quench, temper and stress relief weld thermal cycles on the Gleeble to accurately simulate the target HHZ microstructure and hardness level in the I Charpy blanks. Finally, under the third task of the program, Charpy toughness tests were conducted to establish the upper shelf toughness value and the (FATT) of the high hardness zone. Multipass weld thermal cycles associated with the SA302 Grade B steam , generator vessel upper shell to transition cone weld were simulated to reproduce accurately the high hardness zone (34 to 39 Rc) and microstructure s , IIIll-07228410 jj
over a 0.25 in, wide center zone in four inch long oversized Charpy blanks with a Gleeble machine. ASTM Charpy V-notch specimens were then machined from the blanks with the V-notch positioned at the center of the HHZ and impact tested at temperatures ranging from -300'F to +320*F. The results of the evaluations clearly showed that the HHZ could be accurately and consistently reproduced with the required microstructure and hardness level in the SA302 Grade B bulk samples. The Charpy impact toughness test results showed that the IP2 steam generato girth weld HHZ has an upper shcif value of approximately 59 ft-lbs, a value that is comparable to the unaffected base metal properties. The roo.m temperature Charpy toughness values of the HHZ veried between 52 and 63 ft-lbs while the comparable values for the unaffected base metal from the upper shell and transition cone regions reported i (Reference 2) ranged between 69 and 79 f t-lbs. The test results further showed that the fractura appearance transition temperature of the high hardness zone corresponded to -115'F. The over all results of the evaluations thus showed that the HHZ has adequate toughness and that any extension of cracking inte the high hardness zone is not expected to' propagate.by cleavage (brittle) fracture. These results also indicated that the fracture toughness value employed in the fracture sensitivity study of the repaired girth weld (Reference 4) is very conservative. u n.-omo io jjj 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Gleeble tests were conducted at the Edison Welding Institute. The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of David Noble and Mark Cola of the EWI in conducting the Gleeble tests. Helpful discussions with Harlan Sager and Peter is Skulte of the Consolidated Edison Company are gratefully acknowledged, i vn.-omss n ;y
TABLE OF CONTENTS . Section Title P_ age
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1-1 1.1 Background- 1-1 1.2 Program Objectives 1-2 2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2-1 3.0 EVALUATIONS AND TESTS 3-1 3.1 Target Microstructure and Hardness Level 3-1 Boat Sample Examinations 3.2 Test Material and Test Specimens 3-1 3.3 Establishing Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycles to 3-2 Simulate Target Microstructure 3.3.1 Simulation of Quench Thermal Cycles 3-2 - 3.3.2 Selection of Appropriate Tempering 3-2 Temperatures 3.3.3 Postweld Heat Treatment 3-3 3.4 Production of Charpy Blanks 3-3 3.5 Charpy Impact Testing 3-4 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-1 5.0
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS 5-1 6.0 LIST OF REFERENCES 6-1 un.-amu so y
LIST CF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure No. Title , 1.1 Schematic Illustration of the IP2 Steam Generator 2.1 Schematic Representation of the Sequence of the Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation Program 3.1 Optical Macrographs Illustrating the As-received Condition of the Boat Sample 3.2 The Microstructure of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Morphology of the Crack and its Relationship to the Local Microstructure 3.3 Optical Metallography of the Transverse Section of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Heat Affected Zone Microstructure of the Top Weld Bead 3.4 Optical Metallography of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone Microstructure" at the Top Weld Bead 3.5 Optical Metallography of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Heat Affected Zone Microstructure at the Second Weld Pass 3.6 Optical Metallography of the Boat ' Sample Illusi. rating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone" Microstructure and Knoop Hardness Values at the Second Weld Pass 3.7 Schematic Illustration of the Sectioning Procedure to Machine Sample Blanks for Gleeble Testing. 3.8 Schematic Illustration of (a) Oversized Charpy Blanks for Gleeble Tests and (b) the Charpy V-notch Specimens for Toughness Tests 3.9 Microstructure of the Test Material from the 1/4T Location of the Nozzle Drop Out. 3.10 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 3 3.11 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 4 3.12 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 5 3.13 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 7 3.14 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 8 3.15 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 9 smi-cnass to yj
~
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) . Figure No. Title 3016 Visicordar Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 11 3.17 Microstructure Resulting From the 1200'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.10) Sample No. 3
-3.18 Microstructure Resulting From the 1250*C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.11) Sample No. 4 3.19 Microstructure Resulting From the 1300*C Quanch Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.12) Sample No. 5 3.20 Microstructure Resulting From the 1100*C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.13) Sample No. 7 3.21 Microstructure Resulting From the 1125'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.14) Sample No. 8 3.22 Microstructure Resulting From the 1150'C Quench Thermal Cycle (7igure 2.15) Sample No. 9 3.23 Microstructure Resulting From the 1175'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.16) Sample No. 11 3.24 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Sample No. 33 3.25 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermai Cycle. Sample No. 31 3.26 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 21 l l
- 3. 2'i Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Sample No. 20 3.28 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 15 3.29 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 12 3,30 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 18 l 3.31 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 14 3.32 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 500*C/5 sec.) Sample No. 33 v n.-onan so y;;
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure No. Title . 3.33 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 575'C/5 sec.) Sample No. 31 3.34 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 650*C/5 sec.) Sample No. 21 3035 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 675'C/5 sec.) Sample No. 20 3036 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 700*C/5 sec.) Sample No.15 3.37 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec.) Sample No.12 3.38 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 850'C/5 sec.) Sample No.18 3.39 kicrostructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 see. + 540*C/7 hrs.) Sample No. 14 3040 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycl _e. Proriuction Batch Quality Control Sample No. 41 3.41 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 49 3.42 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 56 3.43 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 66 3.44 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 71 3045 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermsl Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 39 3.46 Hardness Transverse Test Results of the Quenched, Tempered and Post Weld Heat Treated Sample (No. 63) From the Production Batch (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) 3047 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No.41) m..emei >o yjjj l
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure No. Title , 3.48 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 49) 3.49 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 56) 3.50 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 66) 3.51 Meta 11ography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 71) 3.52 Meta 11ography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled and Post Weld Heat Treated (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) Sample From the Production Batch (Sample No. 39) 3.53 Charpy Impact Test Results of the Gleeble Simulated HAZ High Hardness Zone in SA302 Grade B Steel 3173s-072284 10 jy L
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 3-1 Summary of Microhardness Measurement Results of the HAZ.Hard Zone of in the Boat Sample 3-2 Chemistry Analysis of the Test Material 3-3 Listing of the Peak Temperatures Considered for the Quench Thermal Cycle to Establish Prior Austenite Grain Size 3-4 Listing of the Quench and Temper Thermal Cycles Examined to Establish Target Microstructure 1 3-5 Summary of Hardness Monitoring Tett kesults of the "Quench-Temper" Thermal Cycle Plcrostructures at the Tempering Temperature 0 Examined' 3-6 Hardness Monitoring Test Results of the Post-weld Heat-treated Samples at each Tempering Temperature l 3-7 Hardness Monitoring Test Results of the Quality Control Program of the Quench and Temper Thermal Cycled Production Batch of Charpy Blanks i
- 3-8 Summary of Charpy V-Notch Toughness Test Results l
l~ i i vn.-onm to x
SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
During the 1987 inservice inspection of the IP-2 steam generator #22, code rejectable indications were identified on the inside diameter (ID) surface. Visual and MT examination of the ID surface revealed cracks in the girth weld area. These incidents of predominately circumferential cracking were reported in References 1 and 2. The Westinghouse Model 44 steam generation shell was fabricated from approximately 4 inch thick SA302 Grade B material. The welds used E8018 filler metal and were post weld heat treated at temperatures ranging from 1000*F (538'C) to 1150*F (620*C) for times ranging from 10-1/2 hours to 3-1/2 hours (ref. 2). Figure 1.1 shows the location of the affected girth weld. Metallurgical investigations were conducted at three independent laboratories (ref.1, 2, and 3) to establish the cause and the mechanism of the cracking. These evaluations concluded that the observed cracking initiated at 10 surface pits and progressed transgranularly by a corrosion fatigue mechanism. The examinations also identified the presence of a thin "high hardness zone" (HHZ) adjacent to the fusion zone within the heat affected zone, having an equivalent Rockwell "C" hardness level ranging from 34 to 39. The HHZ however, did not show any relation to the cracking at the weld joint. The presence of the high hardness zone in the boat samples of the heat affected zone of the steam ger.erator welds was unexpected and concerns were raised by the NRC as to the potential influence of the HHZ in promoting the growth of cracks. The purpose of this report is to describe the results and the evaluations of the program designed to address this concern. This program addresses the specific concerns resulting from.the possible extension of the observed cracks through the HAZ high hardness zone microstructure. In order to examine the safety margins from cleavage (brittle) fracture condition, this program was designed to evaluate the upper
, shelf toughness value and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of the high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator weld.
un. emu in 11
1.2 Program Objectives The overall objective of the program was to characterize the upper shelf to.ughness value and the fracture appearance transition temperature properties of the HAZ high hardness zone of the IP2 steam generator girth weld. The program had two major objectives: o Accurately and consistently reproduce the high hardness zone microstructure in bulk Charpy blanks by employing a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator, o Establish the upper shelf toughness and the fracture appearance transition temperature of the high hardness zone by conducting Charpy impact toughness testing. 4 I i s m .-e m u ia 1-2
SECTION 2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH, 4 The following technical approach was followed to achieve the program objectives: The program was carried out under three major tasks: o Characterization of the high hardness zone (HHZ) microstructure and hardness of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld HAZ utilizing the girth weld boat samples. o Identification of the thermal cycles required to generate the HHZ microstructure in the SA302 Grade B material and production of the HHZ microstructure in Charpy test specimens. o Characterization of the upper shelf toughness and fracture appearance (50% ductile-to-brittle) transition temperature (FATT) properties of the HHZ by Charpy V-notch testing. Material from a nozzle dropout of a SA302 Grade B reactor vessel was obtained for the test program. The first task of the program identified the HHZ
"%arget microstructure", by establishing the prior austenite grain size, -microstructure and hardness level. This was achieved by detailed metallographic examinations and hardness survey measurements on the transverse sections of a boat sample taken from the IP-2 Steam Generator No 24 girth weld containing the observed cracking. The results of this boat sample were compared with the results of the boat samples obtained by Contolidated Edison from other laboratories. The results were consistent with each other. The resulting microstructure, grain size and the hardness level were used as the reference for the second task tests.
l The microstructure generated in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) is controlled by the different heat inputs received from the multi-weld passes and the chemistry of the base material. SA302 Grade B material produces primarily lath martensite on quenching and bainitic microstructure upon vn, onnvo g.3
tcmpering. The microstructure associated with the HHZ of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld HAZ is the coarse grained, slightly tempered lath marten-site, or upper bainite, with a small amount of inter-crystalline (proeutec-toid) transformation product. The prior austenite. grain size adjacent to the fusion zone is controlled by the peak temperature due to the primary (closest) weld pass. The presence of inter-crystalline transformation suggests that the second peak temperature attained from the succeeding (adjacent) weld pass exceeds the A temperature. The as quenched microstructure is controlled by l the dwell time (at peak) and the cooling rate of the primary (quench) thermal cycle, while the extent of tempering is controlled by the cooling rate of the succeeding thermal cycle from the second weld pass. On this basis, the second task of the program established the quench, temper and stress relief thermal cycles on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator to reproduce accurately the target microstructure over a 0.25 in, wide region at'the center of a four inch long oversized, unnotched Charpy blanks. A systematic and sequential' study of the microstructure and hardness level was conducted at each step of the three step thermal cycle to establish the affect ) of each thermal cycle on the proceeding microstructure. A range of candidate peak temperatures and time durations were examined for each thermal cycle to identify the critical cycles that would produce the target microstructure. Finally, the third task of the program consisted of conducting Charpy V-notch toughness tests to establish the upper shelf toughness value and the FATT of the HHZ. The Gleeble machine generated oversized Charpy blanks were machinsd and V-notched to the ASTM specification. The V-notch was positioned to
- coincide with the center line of the hard zone. The Charpy impact toughness testing was conducted at temperatures ranging from -300'F to +320*F to obtain a full curve. The upper shelf toughness value and the 50% ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was determined from the Charpy curve.
The flow sequence of various tasks of the program is shown in Figure 2.1. i i :
""" 2 2" ' ' 2-2 I
l !
SECTION 3.0 EVALUATIONS AND TESTS , 3.1 Target Microstructure and Hardness level - Boat Sample Examinations A boat sample containing the cracks from the transition cone to upper shell told joint from the IP2 steam generator No. 24 was utilized to establish the target microstructure and hardness level of the HA2 high hardness zone. Metallographic examinations were conducted by light optical microscopy on a series of sections taken transverse to the weld. Figure 3.1 illustrates the as-received surface condition of the boat sample, which was oriented transverse to the girth weld. The metallographic examination results of the boat sample are illustrated in Figures 3.2 through 3.6 and in Table 3.1. 3.2 Test Material and Test Specimens Plate material from a SA302 Grade B reactor vessel nozzle drop out was utilized for the test program. Approximately 0.75 in. thick and 1.25 in, thick slices were blanked out initially from the 1/4T and 3/4T locations respectively of a 25 in. x 6 in. x 10.5 in, section of the nozzle drop'out. Oversized 4 in. x 0.472 in. x 0.472 in. Charpy blanks were machined from the
- V4T and 3/4T slices. The sectioning procedure employed is illustrated in Figure 3.7 which included the specimen identification procedure. The blanks were oriented transverse to the rolling direction of the plate mderial. A total of 81 Charpy blanks were machined from the plate material for the test program. Figure 3.8(a) illustrates the geometry of the oversized blanks.
Metallographic examinations, hardness survey measurements and wet chemistry analysis were conducted on the test material to examine whether it conformed to the specification requirements. The microstructure of the test material is shown in Figure 3.9. The chemical analysis shows that the test material meets SA 302 Grade B requirements (Table 3.2). The geometry of the finished Charpy V-notch test specimens made from the post-Gleeble tested Charpy blanks for Charpy toughness testing is illustrated in Figure 3.B(b). The center line of the V-notch was positioned to coincide with.the original thermocouple position v n.-a m u in 3-1
3 l on the oversize blanks. The V-notch specimens were oriented to locate the fracture plane of the broken Charpys to correspond to the circumferential cracking plane seen in the steam generator shell. 3.3 Establishing Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycles to Simulate Target Microstructure 3.3.1 Simulation of Quench Thermal Cycles Quench tests were run in the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator with peak temperatures of 1100'C (2012*F), 1200'C (2192*F), 1250*C (2282*F) and 1300*C (2372*F). The samples were heated at a rate of approximately 65'C (150'F) per second, held for five seconds at the peak temperature and were allowed to cool in still air. Metallographic examinations were then carried out on the test samples to determine the prior austenite grain si'zo. Based on the results so obtained, additional test were conducted on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator with peak temperatures at 1125'C (20b7'F),1150*C (2102*F) and 1175'C (2147'F) to precisely identify the target temperature. Metallographic examinations were then conducted and the prior austenite grain size established. A listing of the specimea identification numbers and quench target peak temperatures utilized in the quench thirms1 cycling is presented in Table 3-2. The time-temperature traces of the quench thermal cycles from the Visicorder charts are illustrated in Figures 3.10 through 3.16. The microstructure and pr ior austenite grain size, corresponding to each of the quench thermal cycles, are illustrated in Figures 3.17 through 3.23. 3.3.2 Selection of Appropriate Tempering Temperature To simulate a multipass weld HAZ structure, the as quenched microstructure was tempered by subjecting the sample to a second thermal cycle in the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. A number of short duration tempering operations c:ere conducted at 500*C (932*F), 550'C (1022*F), 575'C (1067'F), 600*C (1112*F), 650*C (1202*F), 675'C (1247'F), 700*C (1292'F), 800*C (1471*F), and 850*C (1562*F) and held for five seconds. Each sample was initially heated to 1150*C (2102*F) and held for five seconds to produce the desired grain size im.-enmo 32
prior to the temper operation. Two samples underwent each thermal cycle, one for metallographic examination, and the other would be postweld heat treated as described in Section 3.3.3. A listing of the specimen identification numbers and the temper thermal. cycle considered is presented in Tables 3-3 and 3-4. The time-temperature traces of the quench and temper cycles as recorded on the Visicorder chart from each of the samples are illustrated in Figures 3.24 through 3.31. Sample No.14 received a furnace stress relief at 540'C (1000*F) for seven hours following the quench and temper cycles. Optical metallography and micro-hardness testing were conducted on each of the tempered specimens to examine the microstructure and hardness level to compare with the target microstructure. The optical metallographic examination results illustrating the micro-structure of the hard zone corresponding to each of the temper temperatures are presented in Figures 3.32 to 3.39. The results of the micro-hardness survey are summarized in Table 3.5. - 3.3.3 Postweld Heat Treatment The postweld heat treatment (PWHT) operation conducted on the steam generator girth weld was simulated by a 7 hour, 540*C (1000*F) furnace stress relief treatment on the two step thermal cycled samples covering the range of tempering temperatures. Metallographic examinations and micro-hardness traverse measurements were conducted on the post weld heat treated samples to examine the hardness level in ecmparison with the target hardness level. The results are summarized in Table 3.6. 3.4 Production of Charpy Blanks with Target Microstructure and Hardness Levels Each sample was subjected to a two-step thermal cycle of 1150'C (2102'F) maximum temerature with a five second hold f ollowed by a tempering operation at 800'C (1471*F) of five seconds. This two-step operation was conducted using the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. To ensure reproducibility, every sixth sample was taken and metallurgically examined to monitor the microstructure and hardness level. Hardness traverse testing was conducted on the polished sections of the control samples to monitor the mean and peak hardness levels of the hard zone, mwmm to 3-3
r The hardness monitoring test results from roch cf S: 'ontrol samples (every sixth sample) from the production batch of . - w ,ed samples are , summarized in Table 3.7. In addition, sam,i % ceceived a post weld heat I treatment. The time-temperature traces of W c;ntrol samples as recorded by i the Visicorder chart are illustrated in Figures 3.40 through 3.45. 1 i The results of the optical metallographic examination of the control samples from the production batch, illustrating the quenched and tempered microstructures obtained prior to the post-weld heat treatment are shown in Figures 3.47 through 3.52. The production samples were ther post weld heat treated in two batches and one control sample from each batch was destructively examined for the target microstructure and hardness level of the hardness zone. The results of the hardness traverse testing are typically illustrated graphically in Figure 3.46. Twenty-five post weld hett treated samples containing the target structure at the center of each 4-inch x 0.472 in. x 0.472 in, blanks were utilized for machining into ASTM Charpy V-notch specimens. 3.5 Charpy Toughness Testing ASTM Charpy V-notch test specimens were machined with the V-notch positioned at the center of the high hardness zone. Charpy toughness tests were conducted at test temperatures ranging from -184*C (-300*F) to +160'C (+320'F). The results are summarized in Table 3.8 and are graphically represented in Figure 3.53. v n.-omse ,o 3-4
f TABLE 3-1
SUMMARY
OF MICR0 HARDNESS MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF.THE HAZ HARD. ZONE SEEN IN THE IP-2 BOAT SAMPLE Mean Peak Equivalent KHN KHN Rockwell 'C' Sample (500gms) (500gms) Number No. Location Mean/ Peak 1 Crack Tip Region 224 242 95/98 (Rockwell '8') ,. 2 First Weld Pass HAZ Hard Zone 354 363 35/36 , 3 Second Weld Pass HAZ Hard Zone 357 380 36/38 > 4 Third Weld Pass HAZ Hard Zone 338 363 33/36 $ F d W 4 i i
'"-*"8" 3-5
TABLE 3-2 CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS OF THE TEST MATERIAL Element Content Wt% Test Material SA 302B Requirements C 0.22 0.25 max Mn 1.39 1.15 - 1.50 P 0.010 0.035 max S 0.021 0.04 max Si 0.19 0.15 - 0.4 Mo 0.50 0.45 - 0.60 Ni 0.19 0.2 max Fe Bal. Bal. un..omn io 3-6
1 I TABLE 3-3 LISTING OF THE PEAK TEMPERATURES CONSIDERED FOR THE "QUENCH" THERMAL CYCLE TO ESTABLISH THE TARGET PRIOR AUSTENITE GRAIN SIZE Sample Peak Temperature No. (5 sees at peak) 2 1100'C 3 1200*C 4 1250'C 5 1300*C 7 1100*C 8 1125'C 9 1150'C 11 1175'C n n. o m u is 3-7
TABLE 3-4 LISTING OF THE "OUENCH AND TEMPER" THERMAL CYCLES EXAMINED TO ESTABLISH TARGET MICROSTRUCTURE Specimen Quench and Temper 10 No. Thermal Cycle 33 1150*C/5 see + 500*C/5 sec 31 1150'C/5 see + 575'C/5 see 21 1150'C/5 see + 650*C/5 sec 20 1150*C/5 see + 675'C/5 sec 15 1150'C/5 see + 700*C/5 see 12 1150'C/5 see + 800'C/5 see 18 1150*C/5 see + 850*C/5 see 14* 1150'C/5 see + 800*C/5 see + 540'C/7 hrs.
- Sample #14 under went furnace stress relief at 540*C (1000'F) for 7 hrs.
following the quench and temper thermal cycling on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. t 4 i nn.-omu io 38
TABLE 3-5
SUMMARY
OF HARDNESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE "QUENCH-TEMPER" THERMAL CYCf.E MICR0 STRUCTURES AT TEMPERING TEMPERATURES EXAMINED Tenipering Hardness, Average / Maximum Temperature,* R C HV1 c 500 378/384 39/39 550 348/358 36/37 575 3')/334 32/34 600 305/309 30/31 [ 650 299/311 30/31 675 338/355 34/36 700 374/426 38/43 800 499/511 49/50 850 498/511 49/50 0 The duration of tempering was_five seconds. Each sample was heated to 1150*C and held for five seconds before tempering. i im.-omn io 3_g m - .-
TABLE 3-6 HARDNESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE POSTWELD HEAT-TREATED SAMPLES AT EACH TEMPERING TEMPERATURE Tempering Hardness, Average / Maximum perature,* R C HV1 c 500 339/343 34/35 550 341/348 34/35 575 334/339 33/34 600 309/317 31/32 650 306/339 31/34 675 295/301 29/30 700 301/317 30/32 800 371/378 38/39 850 361/368 37/38 o Each sample was heated to 1150*C before tempering and postweld heat treated at 1000*F (approximately 540*C) for seven hours after tempering, n n..en asio 3-10
.. . - - L . - . . . , _ - . _ ..
TABLE 3-7 HAR0 NESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE QUALITY' CONTROL PROGRAM 0F THE QUEdCH AND TEMPER THERMAL CYCLED PRODUCTION BATCH OF CHARPY BLANKS Hardness Measurement Results of the Hard Zone Specimen Quench and Temper No. Thermal Cycle Vickers Rockwell 'C' Mean Peak Mean Peak 41 1150'C/5 sees + 800*C/5 secs. 497 515 49 50 49 1150*C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 489 498 48 49 56 1150*C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 493 515 49 50 66 '1150*C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 486 507 48 50 71 1150'C/5 secs + 800'C/5 secs. 497 515 49 50 39* 1150'C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs, 363 384 37 39 plus 540*C/7 hrs G Sample 39 was also subjected to furnace stress relief treatment following quench and temper thermal cycle on the Gleeble machine. 8' h"'"2" ' o 3-11 r.
TABLE 3-8 l
SUMMARY
OF CHARPY V-NOTCH TOUGHNESS TEST RESULTS l Specimen Test Impact Lateral Brittle Serial Identifi- Temp Strength Expansion Fracture Number cation No. (*F) (ft-lbs) (in) (%) 1 65 -300 6.5 0.000 95 2 76 -300 8.5 0.000 95 11.0 0.000 3 44 -200 95 4 62 -200 8.5 0.000 95 5 50 -150 12.0 0.002 75 6 69 -150 20.0 0.010 52 7 79 -100 15.5 0.005 65 8 34 -100 39.0 0.016 0 9 51 -50 53.0 0.027 0 10 81 -50 44.0 0.021 0 11 54 0 50.5 0.028 0 12 72 0 48.5 0.025 0 13 75 0 55.0 0.034 0 14 40 76 59.0 0.031 0 15 64 76 63.5 0.035- 0 16 67 76 52.0 0.027 0 17 36 160 71.5 0.037 0 18 68 160 63.0 0.036- 0 19 53 240 61.0 0.034 0 20 70 240 56., 0.029 0 21 35 320 58.0 0.033 0 22 73 320 61.5 0.050 0 ' "' r o ' * * ' ' 3-12
SECTION 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the boat sample examinations are illustrated in Figures 3.1 through 3.6. Figure 3.1 illustrates the as-received surface condition of the boat sample. The boat sample was taken transverse to the steam generator girth weld and contained two circumferential cracks adjacent to the weld. Figure 3.1(a) illustrates the top surface appearance of the boat sample which corresponded to the ID surface of the steam generator shell. Evidence of surface pitting can be seen here. The weld region at the center of the boat sample containing cracking was surface masked by chalk line marking apparently made at the site. The metallographic examination results of the crack-tip region on a boat section taken transverse to the weld are illustrated in Figure 3.2. The microstructure here corresponded to that of tempered bainite. Microhardness measurements made in this region suggested an equivalent average Rockwell 'B' number of 95. Metallographic examination results of the top weld pass heat affected zone are illustrated in Figures 3.3 and 3.4. Microhardness traverse measurement results suggested the presence of a 2 to 3 mil thick coarse grained hard zone adjacent to the weld fusion zone. The hard zone corresponded to an average hardness level of 35 Rockwell 'C'. with an equivalent peak Rockwell 'C' number of 36. The microstructure of the hard zone illustrated in Figure 3.4 showed a slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite. The metallographic examination results of the second weld pass heat affected zone are illustrated in Figures 3.5 and 3.6. The microstructure here corresponded to a slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite. Evidence of some grain boundary transformation, indicating that the hard zone was heated above the A t temoer .ture, was seen in the microstructure. Microhardness measurement the coarse grained hard zone here corresponded to an equivalent average ..,well 'C' hardness number of 36 and an equivalent peak Rockwell 'C' hardness number of 38. The hardness measurement results of the boat sample are summarized in Table 3.1. Grain size measurements of the HHZ of both weld passes showed an average ASTM grain size number of 5-6. The overall results on the microstructure and hardness levels of the hard zone in the current boe.t sample were in general agreement with those of the other boat sm -onm to
~ samples examined elsewhere (Reference 2). On a conservative basis, the "target microstructure" was c,hosen to have a 37 mean and 39 peak Rockwell 'C' hardness level with an ASTM prior austenite grain size number of 5-6, l f '
consisting of slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite structure. 1 The sectioning procedure employed to prepare oversized Charpy blanks from the J material from 1/4 T and 3/4 T locations of the nozzle dropout is illustrated in Figure 3.7. The orientation of the notch in the Charpy blanks (Figure 3.8) corresponded to the circumferential cracking plane of the steam generator shell. The chemistry analysis results of the test material shown in Table 3.2 . confirmed that it meets the SA 302 Grade B steel requirements. The test material microstructure is shown in Figure 3.9. The microstructure corresponds to that of a tempered bainite. No material abnormalities were seen. Surface hardness measurements of the polished material from 1/4 T location showed an average Rockwell 'B' value of 92. Figures 3.10 through 3.16 illustrate the Visicorder traces of the quench thermal cycles recorded from samples run with peak temperatures ranging from 1100'C (2102*F) to 1300*C (2372*F). The resulting microstructures are illustrated in Figures 3.17 through 3.23. The candidate peak temperatures considered for quench thermal cycle are listed in Table 3.3. As can be seen, the.1100*C and 1200*C peak temperature cycles produced prior austenite grain sizes smaller and larger respectively than that of the target microstructure. Evaluation of microstructures resulting from peak temperatures between 1100*C and 1175'C (Figures 3.20 through 3.23) indicated that quench thermal cycles corresponding to the peak temperature of 1150*C produce a prior austenite ASTM grain size of approximately 5-6, consistent with the target microstructure. Microhardness measurements taken on this as quenched microstructure suggested equivalent Rockwell 'C' hardness ranging from 46 to 50. On this basis, the 1150*C peak temperature quench thermal cycle was selected as the reference cycle for simulating the target microstructure. Figures 3.24 through 3.31 illustrate the Visicorder traces of the two step quen:h and temper thermal cycles considered for the evaluation of the effect of tempering on the 1150*C quench cycle. A listing of the candidate thermal cycles examined for the two step operation is provided in Table 3-4. The s m -or:2n w 4.g
candidate peak temper temperatures ranged from 500'C to 800*C. Sample No. 39 listed here received an additional post weld heat treatment of 540*C (1000 F) for 7-hours. The resulting microstructures are illustrated in Figures 3.32 through 3.39. The microstructures primarily consisted of tempered lath martensite or bainite with some inter-crystalline transformation. The hardness survey results of the quench and temper two step cycled microstructures are summarized in Table 3-5. Table 3-6 summarizes the hardness survey results of the quench and temper cycle samples following the 540*C (1000*F)/7 hours furnace post weld heat treatment. The results show that the thermal cycle treatment corresponding to the 800'C temper closely matches the target microstructure requirement in the post weld heat treated condition. Table 3-7 illustrates the hardness survey results of the control samples taken (every sixth sample) from the production batch of samples which received the two-step reference quench and temper (1150*C/5 see + 800"C/5 see) thermal cycle treatment. The Visicorder traces of the thermal cycles recorded from test specimens are illustrated in Figures 3.40 through 3.45 and the resulting microstructure in Figures 3.47 through 3.52. The hardness measurement results listed in Table 3-7 show a consistency in the reproduci-bility of the hardness levels. The hardness survey results (37 mean and 39 peak Rockwell "C") of sample 39 which received an additional post weld heat treatment confirms that the production batch of samples meet the target microstructure requirement in post weld heat treated condition. Figure 3.46 illustrates the hardness traverse plot of the HHZ produced at the center of sample No. 63 from the production batch, following post weld heat treatment. The Charpy V-Notch was centered on the thermocouple position of the test specimen. The hardness traverse shown here clearly demonstrates that the semple contained the target microstructure over a width of better than 0.25 in. and that the fracture plane of the Charpy impact specimens is expected to be well within the target microstructure zone. Tha results of the Charpy impact test conducted on the ASTM V-notch specimens mcchined from the un-notched Charpy blanks, are summarized in Table 3-8. The results are graphically illustrated in Figure 3.53. The results show that the i vn. mwo 43
high hardness zone microstructure reaches an upper shelf value of approxima-tely 59 f t lbs at a minimum temperature of 78*F. T,his compares with the room temperature Charpy toughness values of 69 to 79 ft-lbs reported for the unaffected base metal from the upper shell and transition cone regions (Reference 2). The fracture a,ppearance of the broken halves showed a fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) based on the 50% brittle fracture corresponded to -115'F. These results show that any extension of cracking into the HHZ is clearly expected to be a ductile fra'cture. G ms.-orsau so 44
SECTION 5.0
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS Based on the 'results of the current evaluations, it is concluded that o The HAZ.high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld can be accurately and consistently reproduced in SA302 grade B bulk samples using a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. o The HAZ high hardness zone has an upper shelf toughness value comparable to that of the base metal. The Charpy V-notch test results showed that the high hardness zone microstructure has an upper shelf toughness value of approximately 59 ft. lbs. o The Charpy toughness test results further showed that the high hardness zone has a fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of -115'F. o The overall results of the evaluations showed that any extension of the ID surface cracking into the high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld is not likely to result in cleavage (brittle) fracture, but is expected to be a ductile fracture. sm.-onas io 5-1
i SECTION 6'.0 LIST OF REFERENCES , 1.. Czajkowski, C. J. "Investigation of Shell Cracking on the Steam Generators at Indian Point Unit No. 3," Brookhaven National Laboratory, NRC Report NUREG/CR-3281, 1983.
- 2. "Indian Point Unit 2 Steam Generator Girth Weld Repair," Westinghouse Class 2 Report No. STD-7.3.4-8105, 1987.
- 3. "Circumferential-Weld Boat Sample from Steam Generator 32, Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant" Technical Report No. 7154 by Lucius Pilkin Inc. for the Power Authority of the State of New York.
- 4. W. H. b .mford and Y. S. Lee, "Fracture Sensitivity Study of Girth Weld No. 6 Repaired Configuration at Indian Point Unit 2" Westinghouse Class 3 Report No. WCAP-11850, May 1988.
e 1 un,-omssao 6-1
STEAW no!Ztt [<>f <a_ '. m.g x
, J
! : :i
} l ..
fj g stconDARY MauvaY 1: \# f
' k [f.""s N"
'_ A UPPER SMitL l
s j} Vlp > FttowATit kOZZtt klj , l at p uaR;
\ j TR AN SITION CONE TaAnsition cont
( ' TO UPPER SH ELL
' I
. ;;, WELD JOINT
\ ][ .
'I 4t { .j Tust sumott 1
[il .gI' r j d
.2 LEr j ,
torte sncto l[jL 0
.d ; ;.
i y;; y m r i
^
f ?? j f ' hij ! t a 1 b r I s ; p ,' g- , niWin outtet PRlWARY INLET D-Figure 1.1 Schematic Illustration of the IP2 Steam Generator Showing the Location of the Transition Cone to Upper Shell Weld Joint Where Cracking was Observed
CHARPY OVERSIZE I BLANKS
- y N O ,,, .,'. -
*"""""""""""+'.
0"" ' QUENCH - SE CYCLE s--. g lI l COMPARE N0 l
- P :
GRAIN GIRmWELD SIZE I OK BOAT A OK ,',' - SAMPLE NO WCRO . - N TEMPER ....../-'i . / 't . . . . . . 4 .<,Smum & CYCLE .,HMSS,,s',. u : TARGET cowwr N0 i
' WCROSBUM HHZ & HARDN PROPERTlES 4 OK
; OK ,, .
i POST WELD ............/ 't...... 4 <<, NO ','HARONESS ' i HEAT TREATMENT
- 'A' l
N0 ' COMPARE y l .
- HARDNESS :
- OK :
- v :
- CHRPY BLANKS :
i WITH TARGET HHZ i i, ,.t . . . . . . . . . .! . . . . . . . . ,
,i ! VERIFY !
.................................. ,' ',,'CONTROLEd' \
,NO l
, SAM P LES , , , ' p . . . . . . . . THERMAL . . . . . . . .l . . . .
',- ,. ' l' CYCLES i
'OK FINISHED CHARPY SAMPLES Figure 2.1 Schematic Representation of the Technical Approach illustrating the Flow Sequence of Various Steps of the Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation Program
e f d ?, s .> a c
-q z. .,Eu e
l3.5Xl Co) Top view
- _ _ _ - - ;a. 7 ..,, ,.
- r. , ,9 ;y;r_ym .. m Y, I
?,j 4- .
,A, , ,, _ .
/
s c hy y; , ;y u 'l $, p; +;t.c
%yy . ;
. ;3 w%q;e.y* p = wJ ' W t . u. .
~. . ;
J
.su'
. . , , ;g - .: . . 7 H f-;;//
J f<
'*s "f .
[.,, jt . /3[")W'$=](i j' _
' r :'
- t. .;
iMftaji
%u W~A -
A+ t jl
- inQ
, ._ ._. ;; y+ : ~ i;;; w;f;(( l'-;^'?.; z
- ]10,jk .l?l ll+l ,
, s.
'l
' )l,kl- G .,
r,0,Ll;f.yl
. ~ .hij,h,,l:ffi?vlll Y ., -
,n, .,q yh. j
, Y r'-: ', p i}'
- e ,' '. '. -p'. ^{y
" / / e
) :_c?qJ,;
, _ ,E< ,:
of
~l,- <
5~
'jy ,
( , 9 ggh !jf'
--~ ;. .
py/y *
~ '
P, ylLQ z , r-
*'M r*k_ Mg4 _(
lioxl (b) SIDE VIEW
" S$t$n*'Ltsfslltj,,ll1ustratingts,33.,,c,3,g ' h5
i& gy 5 i ., ;j' f l .
% l x
y i 9 o _ o 4h~ .
@qp :N _h ~
l s _ 2%{
,9{9 E:
2 2 4hy j }
%1 PAS bQ
~
' j ;Q4;g$l~ ,.
P mF. e
..~
dy h .' ' I T
;m 5
J K C _ A _ 4 1 2 R
.r ;@ t e N.+
C {?^: M{N ~r -
,4:x.
W t .. ban Oj[4y.}k i M g qs.
.l.
3 .y _ i.gf4 OefJ i 3 [Rdhc y?r ;* #; ;MY
,f t '
. j _
f 3D N,3pU g i5 pi h
.~ ' l x
o c _ 1
- , . l -
gl
- na i c t o aL r
te sh ut l l o It ep li ph ms an
- So
- i
, - tt aa
" Be ol R
E e hs tt Q l x f od sa i n o t lk
~ S uc sa l
er RC
~ ye hh t
pt a rf go o l ye l l gr aou tlt eoc 2 Mhu 3 pr l rt e r cMo aos u i r g tec i phi F OtM 3
~
..,
- i
; ; i
jk
;b ,
',i ' ,,
.{
?<,
O
- i. 3. - id n
h h
- \ s s.. g
\ ,
j y
\ [
\ gY
'K ff a-y
~~
l3.OXl
! *f
- ' * : s?,37'; i. F s -. .
.4;>,N5*.L'~.;'
hff
~
)>
T];ffff.p..l'
,.y ' hg -l ;- . % '- * .\'.y...Y*
?'. W'
' ' I' '
jj s'kA
.; id , F '.?.C ','.. ^'L l JT' $'5 ( @ ;, P 'f'.I]?]P< E-
% i "4'f.e'6 $^
.R.
;1j
,' l'7f.' m]
t (r. .x.
* ..g[g ?
5 .
.j p,,~
~.
.pf ;%, . . . ' * , ;' ~ .
. .. [' ;' ' ^ ' l .?.~*
'.idih.a^?rN.4.t,h.NY$...bek..k.hh"$N',!'*.
f -.:-
; n, . ..1 ,,
.f
,_' ._ .. y., ..' ..,. . :.. ..,c. . y\ . f ' ,. ; . ')
- r. j 4 _.;. . . ....,...;..
l 50Xl l Figure 3,3 Optical Metallography Results of the Transverse Section of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Heat Affected Zone Microstructuro l l of the Top Weld Bead
y . : ' . ll. . _ ,.
. l
- y y .IL Q ' ':, Q j ;g.- & ,
k.:6Oktn;!.ifsRff*.i2.*,rR$r_*i.:f~~e;&* s.?-).:Q.;.10_'9(gr-
,. .x-
f *.? ' -
.qa.. .
-3 T
N' Y.'~ T*' k.Q N.f!"$ _-(wQ h A M1 ^ ':f-Q- e $: g%fr/"% ,W,h_ R M ~ w a_. + . sc; . _ , A.@ . . - ;&p,.cy;; ,
'.?' { ?pr-. !,'h 1.'? ~ I'dk'!',
].?.k"N'.N,Yh,nfj}g%_ Mf$f.fi$-- k
;W pp%i4 uL&; "
ye;UM ' ikN M
;.k[fY )l*.1.' h. (f*fW
~ .
( _ ,
- t. .
.g . QT b; fP hl, p (; a
%'s.. d <!2 h :':b *a ..
%' A .
1o0 if ('y: . I.i k % yj - > ['t.
- e. s w ae._ v. s w['m%p:a wa
.g. - .s
.s s,.ie3 g $c w b '
t, . . f. .. j,e w . ,,, jerp & ,. .'y {>, \ [{ p p. 1'
- w. .
s,.m;,. w >,+
- e .-
,, c 9
?la : . l . ?- w .$ g' Wh$$f-
. ;' ' ^*
- /,,l
$$$bl&k. h; Nh, a
b$h, $f,hefhke k 3$^ ..$a .d Rblse&ss t:~~: "? sy-;;
%d @If$Xsidfidi 4 Z 4 /ist hMn VA h .
W . g$ y y-
~
l500Xl Figure 3,4 Optical Metallography Results of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone Microstructure" Associated With the Top Weld Bead
a-k i iN
'(3
, (' %
.'9
- 1 -
I. L I Af
._M '
j a' T* 3
~
* *],
. 3
\ \
\b O
,s t ,
p N
8
?!a
., 4
- c. ,,r -
gB8
. h k . $: w 5o09 ' 363 g'
am o;.: m , a, m. m k,; *4,%f
.f Q,"5eg>.ym Q3, . ew.
.JJ.* .a.w&y , ~
,R l' . . a , -
al$ a .a. q
>! sQts.~. <y'. %a.p
- r. . -> : .w w q,.f[. . g.
,. ,q. .k.-9, 'c@y;m.'
Q. ~ QQ s.' ,*.- *;'.. >',e 3 a$ m,7:.. JW* ?y / * r)T*') t'iL aiv
. + ,'Q g A
\, oos\ ';4O r^l e-.uV3
>y, En cw L:C h '% 'j{^) % g)h*;}& [N
, ~
- u. ; .
,c 4
. 12 '4
'l, fVQfl. 4 ig~ 5:
i'sk. Imne
- t. &. .
N) 'f
,i.j'f; e.A.2 m. .< f.,$; @y w ? .
A K &w ) &u$m$ c 4 f
- q. g., ;J .;p... c }[; .
y, n*:;;,.'rt v'yc,
.x. ,2)9).
. ;rm:y , . ,c,,,y.g"wJ. % ,s 5
> - ~
v ir ,,.., s.. ~~e: a :*;. :;rg 9:.<q:;g. ,
/, %,,l w e,..g g 4c\4
. ;,Jn,
{ 'A 3; , . ,
.2...r .:. 2v' n;:.
~ .. .:
- 3'/ 7,[%, 4't.A:., .
J. }g}\ g}~ [' r, ,F ' , 4 'Ql ' -u~ ooY ygg ute 3'5 g9t\ cal geta D09fa9D3 gesuTt' g the BC g $SO9yg 0Tustf"999 the Beat gtfect*d l'0U" gicfOStructuf" g33ocial" g\th zyg nd yeTd Pas 5
.! zE ,,
- q1 '-
. ?
,'". . $c.?.yM@$
o..c; n.* .a>, ~ o ,.'s9 s , 4
- - ~ ., ]
- - . ' C -
4,d6):SiDf, > d=; iy%
%tU,. f o i,
. a. 0 ~, ,
a lt -
.f f s
n' ' , , ,. - ju } . c :+ i,o . t' ,
- .=
- [ y 4 3 ,} r :,'[ a
( y* [y / &~c~, A ; 6M 4.d ,.%p;Q4. . J.j. T l
, .,A .
%, >* ;. - ' ~
, l* :-
4, :c. gy ;. . IWiM2.UN~ 4,
?
2 u,.N ,
,1 1% . :'y
? ,,6y. k ygiy$$ s &$.
t . (s,k wgJ5...$,,2 ", t.'. af N3e4 [9s.m
' , .L- :
yt-
. ,- - p: .,.
+v * ,. w v .h
- l. _t .
e. N N N N
" 1l4
,,)r ; ; ?
,c
.v f . ,e y.,j f-w'(,6d' J
J: _Y. r. p+.
.t n
- s. ME@M re p
.) R
,. . ! *k , ; -N;p_ ..$.
H H H H . ,
.A K K * ,
K K < r f 7,c .- ' J l 2 l 0 l 0 l 1 ' , . s}. h- . , s;r-J i
. .,h~ y . *,.,M7r~9.wc 6
~ .
5 8 7 6 : ,
,F
. , " .z. s. :
3 3 3 3 .
~
.;- - - r g
.d % ,;p G -- .e; bs,i : ';
'.v M
; .w3.m._mqps
. \, #.f e '
i ~- ME .0 ; : P. * . '.. 4 :;- 2-M.e[3.g ,,,.y$O:.c.
% , .3 .
); ,~ , < .yw.b c
m*vdQ f s k.o5 ~. t 2p::: 4
. ^
e4 {r eM. c d.h. ~ ;: < *%.vW c c e g,
. , i.
a i~.m a. .E
- . N,N
-L '
?h'S, .N. . # ,a[* "ka, :vs 4.4y3u.]n ,. -
h. p' * ~@f : ., a j4 n . . s k t
/y %g -
p-y!a.,,q;ylD fn 4'
? 'g
. I
,h f , _ . P. 1 A- ;~. ?,v :pn'$ y y L
E
* - . !?g (
l . u *~ 4' m* W
- $AW 6
g" l o., .$w s -4. . . l e g ,Sq% . . pss mse y yg y'1p , aL m. aeu Snl y , /' - y , d a
, ,I
' L~y 9 trV
- y. 4 Y -
't, .
aa s' '
. oH s
- l B s s Z egns h e U . y* % A hids
,.M :p
, L .s H tH ra aP
\
la y
> l f" H oeh pl d
I st oe X t oW I 0 l f n 0 uoKd m ' s n esdo
.y ,.I Rl nc i ae ya S ht e pere aD uh r tt gec oh uh l t rt l ti agsw t no eird 6.
3 M t ce ait l rMa e at i r cs u gtl ns i u "e oc i pl os F OI ZA
0-s. 429105
*II 2.825" Direction
~ 41/8" A302 B Steel 6"
%Iling 1/ \
Sheet from ection ,, Nozzle Dropout
/' ' e\ /
41/h', A-1/4 T Slice p,25"
/ 41/8
/ ./-
/ A \ '
/ W7601-8 1/4T t
# f N
41/gn **<- s \ \, / 3/4T Slice 25.. Sample for
/
/
/
41/8' ,/, ,
~ '
'/// / /
i 1/4" ' w s' d'l/2" - 3/4Tt Typical 0 N versize 54 Blan Figure 3.7 Schematic Illustration of the Sectioning Procedure Employed to Machine Sample Blanks for Gleeble Testing from a SA302 Grade B Material Nozzle Drop Out.
-<n. .
Dwg. 4291850 I 0.472" ( 12 mm) 1
- 4.000 * .005 0.472"
( 101. 6 mm) (12 mm) (a) Oversized Charpy Blank Utilized for Gleeble Tests 45*
- 1'
/ '\ '
v)
.0l R s
, q '. )
I
. 315 t .001
. I 1.058 * .002 2.115 2 .005
( b) Charpy V-Notch Test Specimen Utilized for Toughness Tests Figure 3.8 Schematic Illustration of the Specimen Geometry Employed for the (a) Oversized Charpy Blanks for Gleeble Tests and (b) the Charpy V-notch Specimens for Toughness Tests
l e 's i 'd >t *(4
*+^
~
_' gg _ y efj .' ~ 3 _ ~~
- 5. . , h
~
- s 1.
"' ( - -
wy-hi . '
.K).g & ^
Ih .
,th., . (( ~3',
i{ .,lR ' '
,; l
,, , A g,,
hw .M9 .
, h6 l500xl 3 g ,
*" ,s s 9
93
#b ' '
3
,, a g
Sb4 Zw 4 l20oxl Figure 3.9 Microstructure of the Test Material from the 1/4T Location of the Nozzle Drop Out.
Curve 755728-8 Peak Temp. =1200*C Sample 3 1200 C = bb E 3 NSpecimen 3 Thermocouple & N
!= i 5 sec Reference j Thermocouple Time Figure 3.10 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 3 (Peak Temp. at 1200*C)
L' aE # 8 7 2 7 5 C 5
- 7 0 5
e 2 4 v 1 r . u = t o
. N p4 m e e e Tl p l
p m k am ea S a PS l e c y C l
- i. a e m lp r c
e u e h no e oc s T 5 m im h c cr !
=
n e e e ph u ST Q C e m e 0 i. h) 5 T tC 2
- 1 f0 o5 le p e1 2
u c e c o c : at ra no T rem rp f e r e em eh de RT rT o ck i a se i P V( 1 1 3 e r u g i F
a eyu8E3 8
- 5
_ 1 3 . 7 5 C o 5 7
- N 0
e v 0 3 l e r 1 p u C = m a p5 S m ee .
- Tl p e ka m l c
e a y P S C l a m r e h t.' T e h l p c e c u s n no S e e o c u e Q m im L" m cr i T e ee h) ph tC ST f0 le p o0 3 C u = e1 e c o c 0 0 c no at ra 3 1 em r r e T f e rp eh RT em de rT [ o ck i a se i P V( 2 1 3 e r u g i F
n 2aE8E# 8 3 3 7 C 5 5 7 0 0 e 1 v 1 r u = 7 c . p . m 7 o e Tl e N p k am l e ea p PS m a S e c e l c s y 5 C l l e a p m u r no e e o c h m im l e T
= cr ee p h u c ph e c o n C
ST noc e u 0 emr r e Q 0 e e m 1 1 _ f eh i T e R T h) tC [ f0 o0 1 e1 c at ra T rp em de rT o ck ia se i P V( 3 1 3 e r u g i F I I
Curve 755732-8 PeakTemp. =1125 C Sample 8 1125 C - o L' s E i Specimen 5 Thermocouple I= =l 5 sec Reference [ Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.14 Visicorder Trace of-the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 8 (Peak Temp. at 1125 C)
N%b@% 8 9 9 . 2 7 C o 5 5 N 7 0 5 e e 1 1 l v r p u = m C a
. S p9 m .
ee Tl e p l k c a ea m y PS C l a
\ m
= r e
c h e e T s lp 3 h u c no n e oc V e u m im Q cr e ee e
= ph m h)
S T i tC T
- f0 o5 C 1
- e1 0 e c 5 l p at l
I u
- ra e o T cc no rp em r r em de e e rT f
eh o R T ck ia se _/ iP V( 5 1 3 e r u g i F
;i
i a Cie r v.- / % 710 0
- s Peak Temp. = 1175 C Sample 11 1175 C =
Specimen Q Thermocouple y a 5 l. -l E zi 5 sec Reference i [ Thermocouple
- Time
, Figure 3.16 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 11 ! (Peak Temp. at 1175'L)
m I'
.e ay)uu-Q/g;gh; ap?O~l ,
X g v f do. d/ t t a 0 cplWdpAy%[ikG(- r - y -: 4 0 [< hm%.M
.-%x .pGlAnl'[W' ~ 4 ]yn*-l4 - pf N yt
- c ( np.Q.,j;pF m't' 7. j . 2
/ 4 -(j r *A q. / m* .
y' 7N cm.Sm . E'- e
,h r n -'4 .g+E w: Mx-
. l C
c y nj:,c&"f;pRl'u apj g
" .mx, " +. }t . l L3 +f a jv ;yg4 '
] .; '
- n. m r
,h
+
y nwy,8w
- . e cAutpyA. [
n aV h _ y;$M.:~~ T _ [
- ?
.. n Q;%g e< o r h
c x/ m x%7g%lkt;W , 9s % hy ' .;s;:m'2g tr#h.+,' . t n e ur
+
y[ ,: W gw [' " C
,,n[J.&:-Qy.f: y M . -
49
- kg:<" :*
0 0 kgn g%yeMwMa(%[f
? -
2 r hy,.[ .~ . 1 c,Oy goc 243 T t
;.m u- .~ e h
,f.hsc f:.y%1;Q 5 h. q/ t yMCt wm fw,%G 9c .
m o r
.'lg2pA@y,k,M an:
F3
- ;yVg.mf
;W : wSCQ -
g . no l-. l;: . i t;w wsy 1 iN t l e
, r ti .
hsh. f,&
' %fj l ul
- x sp em
~
.abQ::p6[m.lg;@P j&;v ;r d. kwa';,- oo R a
/ ta - S w .n.
,T .w' u( 'b e r) m;%yQw
=m nQ-.DM k ;4 u0 t1 v.w,4;g,jy:y;hmqi
~y c gt+; )%gf e . Tk"nQy - .,
n.:.p6 - u2 r t e
.n Ccr.s t
M ," sr ou B.a;Mc.. qd e rg sr p= - 4 ci
._ > Qa.n Cr'y,- . i F M(
ys.' . '
.' a- -
y m. ep%j% v 0%%z[' e - i?
., s.
7 ve fy=. vp}li 5 kp%w?:*~w wg3.f 1
- r 1
3
- e i
.w e m;.M n gq i T' n;v . r u
g
,n.gb,,o i
'6.5J, ic
- c. r.
c - ~ i F wf<d g .- wg,, y %%g. r , s: R,cN 4 ~~:.; pc.d<?yw
}L nM.a~ Y
{up.sk. ;% 4 fl:
+h m"iJ';,c.
p%yf r;) -[ ; i~ k l1 pM:cs k Mp#e.'c; ms.
.gMw}% {j g8 ~
~p
., p u::g}*%n: ' Q'- 4 y:ws.Mz.%
-,;i .,s.u'f'd:.; Q?*h{gdQl k tW t ynq[A' nQ..^
J < 1
N ~ k. 3: N q~ l
. iekm;,w,.e
^
e g3 X 0 y(r ,s .;[w n n -
$y%g,.
s, e 0 p.&j. ( gM.. - 4 4.%.b, (T 8 ml
.cy Av Q p
\
.) .
., . e
$,a .,<a ..g. g .
l
' &. ' u g i,m u s
3 y t1. ki ., [
.' .- =.
m )- , e . k i L l c 7 w,, l
- - Jh . C y
I" ' ap,
' l
- a
' l'> . . 2 m r e ~
. .S ' a h T
S.L h W. i c
^
I M; - w n e 7 P u f v Q m$h~ e
.,/.g,4-g n,
C yd[wy. 0 n g38 . 5 2 1,
.a *;
. p+c y ,. 1 r5>
jf 4,f;". e
. ,- . h t
k'h.W3,- 'A +c 9 .s .
- V 9. . .g .
- . . ,ly.
m
- - ~
e lfy . o y2 ,,y 2( r r 7
.T , ) :, $
, F4 ib;4.,f* . n
- o. :Q-g .
O ? k. :+ - h%T- f
< f no i N
, .l t
7 t,e e- ,i fgy; X l e e - ; .G ' Wi,g>v , 0 ul sp em p.kMww l - g.,r, Q E'Wa4R ny y rs y 0
;r l
1 Ra e S
;> i : p,, % .
;l.
; ~ r)
; f.; f .;.ye " . ' ,
y} ,& u1 t1 c r39:~5AuNo;M' .Q;,e. c _" h-u2 r h> ~ t e g8 ..; ?- sr ou g)jhg,,. ,r s J b,T l-
..l r
ha a rg ci ju t i F r M( y s% 9p, uE 9 ,,4~;8' p;1 0 c.$
- p. 4 M a 7\ kz
- h. .
8 1 g~ 3;: p:e 3
~$ ,- .
- k. e
~
iy, s# y r u g
$ . i m$M3q,,. .
F c,h f i. h.. N g%}m Lf& b dy;g 4=Y,,M , . 5
- u ~,2.. h e" ;. t.
n$' yjw g , ? :. . . p? - h n. . -
. y*
wMu ,
- a%v , . :
y% :, ha :- Y, : . 7MMw. 1 . m (..m,%v.wy
~ :
p r , /%, J ( gkMpdy;o ka Qv
? : .
s %
I
. ~ , l5 fk.*pfw.w E .l , :.,
",~, , ? . g,h} ,3 . ,.Yfs _ fs**s - r ,'~ ;b$.~'e^
3 7 ;~ t;
. t , jy .ssf.'*
.e
<7 *. :) .
": -? ' /
'92; . ,en &. y; kllQ*Y. -{Y}Q,6tf'l,..},.gfm,pe:w-M:%;:p: ,
b
,W' 5 .cw bbu c' m :a m;p";$Jo+u!pe\Pf.x t yf qas;r.m qME ;A w. .
u y&p{#yiQ.k,*e d hQ s'QiL' w%$ } [d$h5N$,..$5hskd@;WQibVM$5
>pykc. MpN$ p8 mk W
$e
,,. gyegg ph .y a Tw$,j ,-
u i ' $, + lh&'$aYk(f
%>. ! .p s
2 nim pp. .,.o, r *g 3.yw. . .y.E. . .s
$8W
$(em .
E o o
. s e- ;
,\ %? % ,A# %p. 9 % g, ,# s )ec( s [. H @f. . y ;
,nbi: .74 t m%pnex 4W(ML . s e
r s.
.1 < x n.w to_6+ . .
A VT hs k ~;
- 3 m
. c Wig 9'a .
$ro h
' .? : **, ~lc to..,;3. ,.
&,n'Q,M1.~l% 7 %
WM =h O h ;4y ?ie'A44.*' q q y *P./s* 7 4 m
, - y A .,cMA.c.3%,f e:w a o
...,.3 pR N, N,L ep e s
'h; .Y't'N.$'-? 3 5Q R.R &:(:llQ W$'] y g #.@ % % % V Y
1.S , f.shy.m ?e
'X'
~$ b h, .y, $Y n.ynay 8y m%@p'3-
. m ., p' A.W u o, k, -
'! :E h4 .M C v, ; pl
- mgy a :z -
~
x)'sn .i., _ . N, lt,Uu, h. i# J 0) Gi*.ea)t
- w. *
- e-4
, fI, -,.J . . y. *$, p. 4<. e
; L' % s' w a er1 Y h, @
g
.w). '
rj' g jb ..
)u%qr-u m 2 ,[~Yw. - ,[
i ,>.
< ' Q;.:,. ~ s... p.
l p[%h3[4..%- r "a n.' 7e ;.,' ,, [ Q'tI. e. , l s f.,.h.[* . - u.'. ( y ' ,.Q %. - L' ' {'. l*l. R'
.4 .
. \
l
. m;, a. .y,am
, ,yt w .,
- s. ~,*
Y, ,f y; O!1:.. ; & >l - . ?,Q e. ,%',?,f ; -
**Ng?, q. . *fd
. 3;h .,'l 4
N"' %; ? Y 20l
; f.ii ,
..,d p.. . I@p' 2:.')f9ef('$ I?ili &:w we n .ar fC .!&c.a.C e a k n... .
$- T w
c q.s *$ 1 a js
.r ..2w .-
._ - ~ l, f @ ,g 4 y '.:_ .
, , (r,.fl op
- @pS:h % '. S h, y.,. A ?.i5'fl. .
a'e' 4 n', , hh 3 w@ .. WW4Wy. a e m w s,pQegMja t 2 w ma. w . 3 8
.4.:.,A g ~;.,4,-p%;ytqeg g 4te 7~.,h,%x.y 1
i,$ . . O..<f r!!wxy
;7 .Q
- 3 XY Y
?%.'g@.W:m % . FL, & 'd y;.
9 , f.o w w .t g,# TB . W .5 8$ t.Av ,- s; s ) .
,<..vi.ts .
nhk.f:M - .. .. s
, N D y @*f . .
c % #MN . >kh -2. w ,-
,,S.,[.' .8
~
t
- w -- =. w % . g
- v. '
- gCY's
,' sc).f. T%:;g *f *! Q:O.8' $' 4!
5 ~~
%w;f
y .x ..
#$,y
'q' y? C
'=
.g is o
. t, n a,a..x, . mx a CD
- C O
- ei.4.;;;r. e :a D O,n -AV w, R9:p
? Ef fe, g . .
a .e e
,y A. ~ gr m k; r ,Wr
+.
~ . u ha ;.s, ,.<. f . w. g
- Q. $.f!* a' a,y).. 3 tn
- < t .w u-
.j ? x'shegc .
** qw
'.3.
;*g., i, U
- 3N
}]/, , .
E
.*v, s%,& <r n. .v g %
~ 4, iW . .~
ki ... , .y en - f
- g. $K- t gg r~f , ~ ,3, . , g, u .-
26 p'a.' b.N d8'.
.%.g)
- y. .,
e.;q%..
. . .. v4
.e ., %: p.A.n ,
o V h f,:..
- Y * ' N t e.h'f -
9 a ko ?, g'
'hh(e.p,c'%*
,,i
%...A., n. m .
L h- f a
,a pn a;:.a.i,:m -
~ * ~' Y
- h. A ; ..
.y.,e
;,g: 3y6.6
. b:i, L'-
,$ . M .* f G. ,, 4.s.g . m
, .);f ,~x. .,*.
.? y - . % 3 .,Hl "h Q h
%.: ' . P. ,4pAQ,r.+ .
a E. . .t q . .,. -a.[%mc9.m,q.hw4.Tg%..
. . . e' e;r,'e e , ...
? . ., ,
O ,
?
. .a ' 4
{:'ap 4 4,))p 4 "
/
- W y,0 7,%.f.*sN iN- C- J' te,,h"k{.$,.',,!' ,, "h . ..f
' i**
<
- i.' .c,,
'g Iy-i:.: %,..~;
f,M.% -
- e. 51 AU vt ; ,W,..4. .
l W/# .'.d.J
~
p: i t gj 4ls k 1 [' , uX0
.jf"gQh >.lTN.G[?g$pL 0 ip .
DNf,.j$Wl4 k 1 L, (
' k
/
$5
- l. -
_ '1ge - e j gW'a:v l c y 4 C h I D>tn,. r< . l a
. _ m
[, Y p+A . r e h l t
' 4" T
- e. . .- h i
( - c n 4d e u
; k. 'r$
3$ c ;;. ,e
.n Q
C
.k '
f k I 1
?.
V
/,6 -
V:
.. 5 2
1 1 h' 'hn.'y,Dr-W'ey& e S _, [aN . i f~ l l
.f
.Q dN--
h t m o f , t,'fWb g
<,,. . T.
; 1^ h rj L- h r F8 g .
no
) iN ~
I
~
9d'9dy;s.N:hlx - a
/iN o t l e y$ W. ul 7
/,.o 1 sp em R a S
i j%g,,l . 4 e r) u4
- . .4 t1 c
,ww ,
u2 r t e t sr
. r_ ou rg y c ci c
_p:m eaw i F M( vy gA_ . 1 2
- v. 3 e
r u g i s' F u
*e 7
' - 2 0 I
n
~
- s
. yfjh.i;D%.4, '".
l! il :l t
s[ g YJ '
- a D
- 1, .a., ,,.
O .. - 9 vs.a9',;.,3l0 .
<dn D*R A . ,r~ . '
,. X g.c n o Y.' <!,%w.w(i,'jgn,,";4.9' >
, -w '
' D. ' s 9 ' .Q.4.,% O ,,'*);
.,y.% n.ww . wN..;M, sy;- m v+ o ._.
z .nw' ss s .;, , e _% m - ,
<-1 N *- . C W W,4 '
~
. g / m,'
Y?c K i;Qf: 4 0CQ +5*tikVDN Q i& W f ,
~
mm
- .w +o e m.
q ;pW hptw
- o u
7 m .:.A .n . . , '. :x e {' ys. M k. . 4 . ay 3 e s iiq Q,s .y z w.A s c' ' - g/r.uQ x m, W ,g. yi[;- c ,- - m?.- Q* \ * '. pt
.. w'ty2.f ' ^ ' '
* [i .C u
;h'.jpN' 4 . . 'O- j*
< 4%.j }, " . [j w C
s ,;, G W[y-
;'.L3. : g Q@& ~' i)% %j ,',,yA ;*\#/
~ ;~ N g Q:;,%
'O ', db f, ; ^p&, fk.(
y s.
; Qq=fy - g m '
- a a.h m n -
f fkkih $ h ww w;p g g;s n. deMW Q % .An(q;y (. -+-. +. - Q g:4w e @YYh g, p em'-% ~ s - "x ' $@f i.s tf d,, y A.
, f,. ,
m .
'*; m d 4 d .' M,,,,, $ t N 8 N N *^ M ? ,Cj e
s r= @
. .f Q , s j >p- ]y s.: ,, 3:p 4M<pygit ~ ~ -pr* bA,e ,}?;p' y
q e qqq q L (hgv,? ,~. - , o* e:. ~ g , 3g ee ogqh.v.mmgt:
% , . Pk w .3 s g'~q4<:
.e e "a y %..,g.~1 - ,4 -
- cay ; =.~ a -
u.. mW-,*y' gl-4m
- 4. ,a., , 'NJ'Q s:s/d?
v.1 x 1.;f;j , a Ln M e-e u . b- -
, t '/D' h.hr I
. },A,' k gp 8 E .mj.f., s'M ,0 2 s' ' / hj , $' 3 i % e$a.J n.
c. g- } q
,.,.9,, t. k < -
u y .,a
?
'. *Q V!*M ? JA La.,
f_L* *pa C:,4; *h *%" g,.
. ' - 7,m.
A
/.k v ? X"v
"C
@g@; ..v. u]i d j. ' " ' :
D. ;' [',gM,Q.g, .%k
- .o N.GN.kx 9 7, p 4 Jf,;a.&
. . I.
s
.'I m,-
F -'- ' W+4)eh. M m N lh , h {> . :-by
.m,g%w, ~ .f
. h .V 4 .@
v w. ,g.
"4 - * .,.
a y' wm ( M < e 1 u D h i yAf[Y
<)2p;UM.Jpr;','f.nML*).- o: .
i'* . w w> & h'# v::,m
'Q.h .. aa A..h C' ? p qi
." . ~ . '
,.- c %rw e
.rv c
+ <,n y 95 . N}_3' s' w 5 'c :. *{ ,n$A se,g? t
.- *- 4 g M +e# ~ %. .?:$M e /r : a.co+Cr -+r 1'.1 , . ?
Y *
." . . o. y yt - -
- o. ,'.,J ,;N,'c ,..',_al. .;.
. n. y; s.J.
+.
.m..,
.v ., . n L:;,,,
,8 :r; y 7,4 "# 4 ?
,,,s/ :.?.~.k.6 Faf..qr .1 g, i-
* .l*=- v p- ' ' ' ' '
a' . , , ;'
* {; "*d' e ;1t *W , r.;T%;;D'Q%
- q- h,i,f 4. ** l 'G e rc' $ Jp-
. g . .s.j g , A' y ui/Mj ; hM
< t c;.,7t')1.he, n, ,N Iw;;.p ^ 'QMyi ._4.9);) -
7
-c. . -
. (%; .f*'. /.
.,~ i;e 1 2 .n.a. .p~ y 'n %: n,a es > #4, -
=
8'/, .i j '. y j,' +y , , ._ X
, N ,, , , ., e J p , i,. ..
'r O "n* 'r i / ' *
' T' f- ~ . . , c,G t - u O w
l} %v}.f y q ,,1
..f ;. .,c%y. .;..,. ,*. . .
_ Y,' "es Y.* .,Y% ,/Of %f f ' W . **v, -. A L q . .T . &,, p f; f-
~
b
- c. o .
g go}' . J f.% fjgiik$ ~ . QMfki 'i
..g&q
!$,?k,%.lg
- . n . .~ . c 3
- t. n .. u.. .a f. d.
.c a ,n -
u j.y~. tv.:rg;p 4
- n. 3 % N h.
,e n
* 'r, - *
% Y Mi ~ .
.c 5k ,A'q l o' m-. ,, meap> ena m,. y; y' .
m . o
's p,] ,% ., C
'f *>. ,e.. 3'% ,. *: dry r ~ .3 - f'k-24 > @
, ' q4) ,. 7 7 _ < ${ . y 4. ~ , . '
- v 1r . o y' hl, * " - ,,
y_Z p'f- . &
N*f* %C>S V g , Tiw %-- - = ~ D
'..w*9.r
i-'
.. c'h~y;: '
r
. eyP-- *>r
~
e %:' &,e$ f, 6?h, . gm- .h,Y 5 '.Mg;>))gti~f'eBj$4,g a :.x
; ,, ft g x o..<-u
'W ?;n O 4..R ,,d l Me sy?', 'l f. 6.* *..' ' - rc p % ... ::
CD
- gvg. *' A .c,-Oz
= k'%@.p%. Y M o
W:. ,
- . M.4 b .' *
-i*
m a. Up A- . , . "'*%* h,,,O : ,, $$ 7.jp 1 y pp .m f.W **8
. We .
vit 52
-~
d' /1 g @d z, C+
- h. W .m.
. y" A,t;
he mu O "'3 s- uo ( n.3 ,' I 1 * %8 ,U *{ w 7 .. 2 W : Lk C*j m
# M N p,y$.f.
N; Q TE y.,, 'Q m s, yY ...a' a Y~ ;-MD y q; y., s t q: e
.. GW-g
.,. ~.ws a s' a
s ,
.y;A - e
*N ! ' "
( Sgi
., f.p'.,,* p., , *q-.' 3 k
L yCQi. *:. . sq . k' i'M , -,h E' T./' ' d!..gs. e (( h ..M :
.,r*gw 'i : ' ,i,?..,Ih*4' q.w. e, f;
**"* Y*,'
r'
.." r' ..
- j?t*$C,.p$w'R m' * 'Q.*,.:
e
.,L .' Ne ': **
~' , . l; . . '. 5
~
g ? ,,.. y:, o.p (,'k/%.,Q}7y'k'tQt'1CT'a,kh.].~'t,}h,.} - v4 ', ' .;,. <. : h %.~ '; 'y-
; ., ? we . :v. 'u .v. . ...
Curve 7557f.2-e Specimen # 33 ll50*C/5 sec + 500*C/S sec Quench Il50*C/5 sec : 4 db E
- a .
I 2 Temper Specimen a Cycle Thermocouple 5 500*C/5 sec f- _a 5 Sec Reference Thermocouple :
- Time Figure 3.24 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Sample No. 33 l 1
- t
.=
n 2agpL c e s s 5 u / 7 s C s r '5 7 . 5
+ -
c 1 3 e c l e f s n5
- c y
e/ C mC i* c0 l e5 a pl SI m r e h T lep h c no u e "re n e c o p e c m u mm e e Q icr e e S T ph 5 ST d
= n le p
a u h c ec o c c e no s e n 5 r rm e
/ e f e u
C eh Q
- RT e "
0 m 5 1 i T e 1 h t f o e c a r1 T3 r . eo dN c r e s oe cl 5 ip
/
C _ _ ia sm 5 VS 7 5 5 2 r 3 ee pl e myc r eC T u g i F
!1I l a Eaea c
e s 5
/
8 C 0 0 4 5 7 . 6 5 5 7 1
+ .
e 2 c e v # es l r t u n e5 c y im *C C c0 e5 l pl Sl a e m lp r u e h h c "
- o c T n o e
u "m IC r ,' _ "re Q e
'E h bT c p e m
- S e S T u" d le n
- c. p a e u s eo c h 5
/ no c c n
C em r r e e 0 f e e u 5 eh Q l l RT m " iT e h t
. f
- o e
c a r1 T2 c r . e s eo dN 5 r
/
C oe cl ip 0 5 sm ia 6 VS 6 2 3 T C e r u g i F j
b d E3$ e# _ c_ e s 5
/
C e
- 5 v 6 7
n s +
> 0 2 ce ,
# s r n5 ,
c o e/ e mC l i' c0 c . eS - pi C Sl i l
'p a u m
- o c r o e "m
IC r h T 8 e n Ph ST c e
"re S p S m c e e > T s
S a I n C le p a 0 5 eo u h c c no c 1 1 n em r r e e e u f e eh m Q RT iT " e h t f
- o e
c c a e r0 s T2 5
/ r .
C eo dN
'5 r 7
6 oe cl ip sm ia VS r ee pl 7 myc 2 T eC 3 e r u g i F
- l
o Ej " y c e s 5
/
8 C 8 0 3 7 0 , 5 7 5 7 5
+
e w 1 ce r f s C w n5 l e e/ mC cy i* c0 C e5 pl Sl l a m le r p e h u n c "
- o c I
n e o u *m IC r a' "r Q e e
'P h c e
p
- ST m S e S T t_" d c
n e a s e 5 lp h
/ u c C e o n no c
.
- c e 0 u 5
1 em r e r Q 1 f e e " eh m RT iT h e t f o
- e c
a r5 T1 c r . e s eo 5 dN
/ r C
oe 0 cl ip 0 7 ia sm VS e r 8 e' pI 2 C m 3 e C' T e r u g 3
fljIll c .je Ew c e s 5
/
C 0 - 0 e 8 2
+ .
m s 1 ce e s # s l 7 n5 c y
. e/
mC i' C c c0 l e5 p1 e a S1 l m p r u e n eco h T h c m o im n cr e u ee ph !;
"re Q ST p m
- c e T e
S S d k n c e a s 5 e h
/ lp c C u n e e c o 0
no c u 5 Q l I em r e r f e eh e m h e RT iT t
/ f o
e
- c a
r2 T1 r . c e eo s dN r 5
/
C oe' cl ip
'0 0 ia sm 8
VS 9 2 _ r ee pl 3 myc e eC r T u g i F I ,l!1 I1l .1 1 l i1llll[
o $3k: l c e s 9 5
- / % C 7
5 0 _ 5 5 8 _ 7 , v 8
+
r v 1 ce _ ( # s n5 e _ l e/ _ cy m *C - i _ c0 C e5 pl _ Sl e l l p a u m n oc r h ce e o e nl c e y i mm c r h T uC e ph e Q ST "r
- e p
c e m S e 5 T d n c a e s o h 5 ts c
/
C u n
- ec cc e d5 no u em Q l
r r e " _ I fe e eh m e _ RT iT h t
/
f o
- e c
a r8 c T1 e r . s 5 eo
/ dN C r 3 oe 0 cl 5 ip 8
ia sm VS r ee pl 0 myc 3 eC T 3 e r g u i F
l ll1, l\,1 ,I
< . R P,"
t e c s 9 5
- /
5 3 C 7
- 5 0 5 0 7 8 e
v 4
+
r 1 c C u i e s n5 e/ im *C e c0 e5 l pl c SI y C - e l lp a u m noc r e e m10 4 h i c m. T ee ph c
- ST e S
"r 5
e p m k e T c e d e s lp n u a 5 eo
/ cc h _
C no c 0 emr r n _ 5 l fe e e e u I eh m Q RT i . T "
/
e h _ . t
- f o
_ e c _ c a e r4 S T1 5 1 r . C eo 0' dN 0 r 8 oe cl i p
- sm ia VS r
ee pl myc T eC 1 3 3 e r u g i F l 'l 1 '
1 f Y ox.c#ws f, <. ~ @* f' ke.c.
' up 8 .lk$$kh[,f~
yg; gy -
,5 WY *vf g.h'khyh.b$ag S
?'lf.
, . l-
'. 5 . 9.'i,
^'Y: .
**n <: -
m s
.\
s '.c (: ',. I'4.4%j' 3,.,y (^* % {' O i,: * {l ~ y,h},; no
. . - 15 4,.? ?
., ... ,{ b a
.C!
7;eg f
.. . x kg. M -
g
- t Yi .m f'i'M:i# %D
~: -
N,' .c
- 9. ,4c c;c Kf h.
E% 4 . 'Pa . .-zA ' i ne - 3:/ *d rz
- d. @ d6 h; tM;e .'- %e r c%ylW.k;w 1p .,-
g,y 4 a.- ~ 3
; zue'E v.
? j.l' *
.~
.? .,
"\ 154 d ,$$Y9 . ~ ?
*d 3.i@'{hi@i,.%@k)mg.^
;_. 9 ,,. y.f .
Qv M .:, -:e v.
.?
M?I'T[.it){R% y m l g,,* 3 j'$$j'?t f . y h 2! :h+;9Nt'.ny.: Bh hMMpW:e,f'faYSe f "s.x," . f{h'? 34~. Ig
- h. ~
.5 +
t!m. - tv? <,-
?- - $$ To 5a
'b**k,"N,N$ .
ry 0 ma gg o
'll} ~,.
- r R _._ y N. o~
yy m e -
,z _
F,.: w %., t8 5 m m ec.G:'g c~ ,, a
$h$g h r
,\ N.;%y ;
- 28. f.'k,;h. 5. :
. s
. , _ . A4*bf m
9
; ,~r. m
. g
;. : *::: % n, i [ f h'
s: s
.v . -
?
y w
,Y
'~ -
'(
LW:< q.Ys? .
=
1 (.
- v, y .
< -53l.y') i4 - .
';i yW
- y. h;.I';',V'S'9,...
- s. .. .
"f6 S@'Q.'
,.s, }g
.4-2 -
a
'9t
.-Ag."'s
,h,,<[p 9, ;,n e , ;
.1, ,f D ,. .-. ~4*[ ., .
~
,- . . l X
5':,. .T ~ y&. +:.
;. v*g 3. ,,
; , A%. -
0
., . 7Y g:q.
0 mf:tm.e c 4
. ,.3(gv ~?;s:,q .
ip' t g v: l
.Q.nc 'n~ g: }:f : : e g.. u.~ .j+
,wv:. ,..
a b:#.t.E' ,f9. n4y:g,. pgsp:: p.n.. N'. e.d. 5.m6: b s ,6 1* f ir, t : y?r.&,&?p'.
; t-h W.4 't h
m.$ h' g. q, g 3 a 1 hf.,.%.:8 . l a m S@9;-.
- ; r
!. e v& '
f,.
/ - .. h T
>~ .. c.
v.
.;N' '-
n '-; ,;
. .,f:.- "r
.9 . $ p~vy<
h
- s . -
<Y s e n,gt {i p1
~ s. f. m Myfw (. .. m3 r%
g 4 5,
= 1
.Nyy4 eD ; ,
. ()p.
lgol,3; . a T dN e o
~W ;.E ax
- . n i i .W ael yh 3,%,p
({-
%.n .o
. h p c cm yQ' 3
- ,e
. p.a, .- na hQs.
C eS
.- Q- u ~M m -
Sc eff,y: Q) c wW'M1 7,'W.g e-wb' L e
,,g l.
ee hs ylb W g
~
h.r9,lys- cr. t m/ 5 oC n r f y;., e . j- :y:.
, F@?,;,s W.%hrNg,.tv ;
,y sp.
+
F5 g5 7 fb. r - @T* r7c; A. ,h, ..{'j n i + t
f
. au
- l .
. -g'. ' ., .;, ,
l x uc se
- o es p c dpn.i c R
, 5
- . VyL:w ?'
. .s,d'
.C -
l 1 e/ rC
.,' W ? : s,. .a
. u*
y3, ,yw . t0 c5
. ' &,g'ua- * ;r,J ,
u1 yu .Mu o r1 bywa,.
$,t.e."n ,- t(
s Y.w.J.14
.@%w 7D2Qo:+6 0,~
f.4a. p i oe rl
. *g4ne;wy
,' 1"_. cc i y p *;. I .,q4.%, j f.
r- ? 1 +. ?.r. MC
. Y ve A.) ,
wlhaQ%r.
~
- 4. X' ,,
cv - p m e , .;
- 3. n; s w
3 3 3Mw.7.Mw@gg;~$q: ,.- e
.;x .
'iwN 3
e w -
. $g r
. u vM.x"*h b'.' 9 a. % n. g v g'r
.; i
~~ :.
- g. F y@;r n .4 n 4. v hh.%y:
k
.s./ 3
$m i: 'i. w4 2
m cN{,. w
.yrt r.
. 2j,,. .. .
4.W' r ,g y - y>' ' V%
- q n ?g- .
,e. n . .
u mf*.h. ;_ ;;.,4 :py.>-}:..... eli4,bg. m-
- l
;w n
T [' .r- .u
.,L. ; - . .M'e l l*:< . &' : 1~ .
+g; .*
?. -
% .[ .?) k 1 lX00
'j.
O$
'1 .
h a y': - ~
#e?'b~.M?[s:
okp . i. t
};
l 4
%"g T P ;r g$M h~>.
\ Y i h
- ;e.
=7*/
i x.lQp;$ : s p% 1
$Wu Y s l
$m.h a m
r
~
- '@4 h e
~
&%v T g%. "r
~
e p1 m2
.. e
. A7' T .
o h 'g:'., dN
' m . ~
.. n ael
- hp p 3.,n. cm na
,i
~ eS u
2:-s ,. Q) ( -' )U : ee c
.- :n > hs n
, 4' x * )a l :w.9 t
m/ 5 oC l3 [d' tm,D r*
,.v6 F0 5
' af} .g9 .' F;N.. g6 n
i + t l! l l .
&lN
,#- d6gfn$b- i C:
l X 0 0 R uc se es
-. h' p : .
MWi.' ' 5
- 1 g, p Su {$A~ Y+:%
l i
'; e/
Y"(h rC u* t0
~
sj:.p:.$h".y:p s: c5 u1
; g&l% Q..
5 . r1 t( s d oe 1
~
yg&E'%*, bn; 3<% rl cc i y MC ih 9Y&
.,. ' sW
~
" ,9Y9i h! 4 3
- g. ?Wid:3
.,1
. c 3 b,&
s ; w. e r u
' d%:2 i g
- F .
- ^ f?;'? '
A' .y'n c (j ~
'. - ,- *, L.
s. 4~ . G ~ L .
.p$
r ({$+ '
~
e,
.sS :L
,b9y y
- . * .u* %;. 4- -
a qp g w' e a g n 3% sa hI p p )ea.k 5. e.s m,. . y. . a,_ c<-
.' h c
*} '
#n,g'jin ' k, .c s
; e:: eq C w v.
. hh af .1 OV ~
! !g FC {b;jf 5.
i' $ Q y ' $i f,Ji Eo s :yfrig.a
-?- e IkM V
,+ -a ~g sl$*h,y:3 l .. ,- YkWi '8*
~
#.,.w,.'}5';';.
~ e S s.s. ' , . . 4 . . . ~. =e q t
, .iee
?*EM&. *O- t'>
m ENI . }W.l y~. .Yy~ C M j 5k i a m., .y5 ky* I t _'. . ,qup
.y- , nks 3,
.,,4 -}mg,h . a.
w:c- , .. j . @ 3 , a ,. .syw ';h i
< :r ,,
i' ' q : ?
.c e m
r* R ,. ,X~ ;.d n I'?,l l q,ii*- :E . 9i W Q -$ \' * !; .'. ;$
- )l..
. dy . ns "N .7 0 *!'
- ,Q:% 2,::.:W'j y' ff Q
' $ -# $ $Yh ,'._'g iL T q , $ 5 0 ?.L M 5h.h:l ? 'N
?"
7 z+
*? .y: y:. . , 'ff..
r- .'~$ - 3/ k.u, *UkF ""2.'{I' d*.
'O
;k;;;r;:.e o :. y wrp.~,
a8 w a;a 7[. s A. %.%y,y w -r . ,1, . . , e om I*
*C
' , hy$, h -
ms 4T*ylg
- bY M.p),1;- leld'M f - .+ , E'V 5.,J A; e
{'4'/qu'4*91[QyM SN
,1
.'.@ r ', C: 1 1
~ ,i %[f; ;{**t M,G.; 3 C.
L# .
; 8m h J .
=
- c. . F.es q-f1 rm '
$7 t 4 E
- b. g,
- w. .
\
c
\ ^
m :w.; w
~
a 7 Y ~ -..
,3
- v' .-2 l.
g p[hl .;: u[;$'74 - [ M;4
;aw7 w,;.1 '
y.m e > s .- a ..
M _,_ . 4 o a ( ' A f . , '. y y':
,.. ,,$[g .x-
AQ '.'*" . ..
?.i.Qf. ~,l:Y{u:
Q Q y l [ .. g a :.
- c. :'r,.
+
~,,:Le ..
-.f@? o. p%or,..-a
.c;.,& mt- w,.c m~w*y9'<$a:w.
y , .c. ' Nm . .t,:.p. e - ,G .4 ' s
#3 , 4*y 4 ,,g A),,,, 'h A/ .*.**' g' ' i 5#s.' '
lv.IA,4 .m ';.f'1' - , di'h4.e P . w. :
~
g'A,. M].y{&sv&*y%p.&.[;.?: .-
*q.AQge .y, ;.,
n m- g,.y m . .r p' ' -. , n w a- k ,9? !SN
. (r -
E
.i*,
e ,,,7 5se l q %,, m, .. ~ m,d 4hg ,, --mg 'D ~E92 4
& ~&.69,D:
f 'u kt;jgfe*.e ;4+f
;gxw .a .- y- 'L ml..
ad.w:.n g rFo g, h.f g ... h*y,Crf^' pn.~f. e l ?~;N'
. , n; yE u -
ea-
. e, . - p 9
j < U
*((' , Q.j % ' . ats
; <: >~~ %,Y,D :3 1 8y
'?g ?,;;f s '
' 'jdt w,. !- b A 2r-
;(MNik,pgny~
mp
.y&g$[Q2Ch1% w.+ = -
k.2 -[4.kNh.~[v3 h4d $ m$ n . c . N
,..n!i' RO7mmw&n{.Q ? U gy':<.O.YeT n ,i. v. 'i 5D
.. c.2ei e u.x e g.,
O
- c. < > . r,y , ,3 .
*. r, g;*?
lu' ." .' -. nu c&.eD*?
. * ; g + p. > = . ( ;,*q #.
.wlqs !!.\ '; !:'
p?< . . c .=>+
' _x .-
M
+
s , O cs ,l ' dlN$f$*~ 'fk'
>,'s (W(h'$l'b ~k: $ ' ' ' , ' O "3 b w ,e.c ,j'y;;y-r ~ > y -
a . e .
. . , - ma
.;,.4.W .>j,gp * *- s 4 -
'l.r. W, .,
e
.,- @w ce W g..?g J. , g ". $ m k #p4\'g'XW 4%.
4a~-
,/*Wn
', ;%# ~yV . n., *d g- C yo fp'X.hgQp-nf - g,hl;t%v;s.Cx
= .
,RMh);p s k; g w%:Qg! hC
> 2 F%)~# t' v+ . g. ... fit 8.
pv ..,. 4,v, , L-O'.
;.g ,.
[ r g J g
.N N
=: u Iy' . f hMl $
s.: e* .# . <+ ,s e
- . h - Q' 1 ]
y' ; a m W 4 L
- ., ,s,' 3 l
[i .
,e1
. u -
.gg
+
M. p u '" 1 -
.r , r, .
e s t Q';" - .1 s.g;?*
's. s a . '
m__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _
1 f 1
.c,",, ~;. M 7. ,., V': ,A..%. -.
r
,Bo?;.4.g. ,. yt( , p,..
X 4
~
- O bhh. h. .
.Y S0,ff$hdr' g;9.'gy o; g s.,k. ! .l -
l 0.y. usy w.m,. ,m, .s. .s - ,
.-t Jh%M. ~. Tj*y :
/ t*"t 'R$$.w~ b-ly' '. . ,<
n- . rc " r~,. gi, w /1.? k .,* I,;.,, i i
.f -. ' A(d, j kg[y. e + . s s
I *i- --
*I. #
e b, . , yg,kh y n* y,Q'. [. 'Mb.< l
- Av& ,
* }q ^
-l a*
n{1
+ : .'. .
cm,, :;* g%=
<- %%g,.:y/, q% m. ; yQf&g,4
,,9 4. s . g ,p :c f..y
^ '
b * .
,5. Af * }
oy , n .. k ip n ? w
-* p *,Y yf.es ' Ni,(?l]
w.%y.-@x fW
&.,.q
'* ..w? C
.?nx:. h $.m .
u
,:z
.,_-M,- -
s :
* *!}f&A.t h.{a{ck
.c.g < n a -<
&w&q'&.x sp~. ,v,
&1 A 'p o f
^:, z'y.5,a ;iv m
% . p
- G ;D ae
.w$ c Oa, h ~M.w(
.. y m. $;g. -
. ;e
- n Q'- (Q w.uQ.gpw+;W m'r em o h. . . ,.
's &[ !M Mz:.- Ql.}iNMgd[h$,$-3n$ e ~4.,
k ;., N f,5~g 't Qg u .. vt
~
v17d.,m:~0.i,3 . %4. e w .1 L.0',I 5 '; 4x',L e-
@d en Nb $ 'Dh*8 .f$kkh*E(IME[$"[ $ '
i'o O
. . . . - . . . aw ,, ,.. y .
jg(hh " * '
*.'.h. hkh 3YIl 5+
r.
,e . e. ,- _
.:k #.
s .,
', n
=m me
&*on
.-L
,.4
. tla u- <
A:. , i,w,, 4 ,.
.. ? WN i'
g'.'.
,4' i ,E.
, f{hi.d, g
hiF no wi u tn
.w. J' ':
g 'Yk a[ .N. (R A e b .'. .. s :n, 5
# , ?.&y1 8.
. yp*46' g .t;
-xu
'g ; :
fN0; s s 9 m L l'[?[I-
% ~ 5 C
QT;% .L - c. --n%
. ,.p. . .
l;,,$ L a t
<Y ' #.Q ~ ,% 20n < ?hlllU.. ?
S $ h. $
%Q :
m.,p n
~ m=f.$'
b t gg v.w..w*'g. 7) L 3 . .
%. ..-? <9
'f i hi '%*
O gy *-F Dg, 4W fr$y '" '9" "" 7 $ .Jgs er g
- pr . f FF '
- SS g l . t' ~ ' f f FW* y;a- t 5'! -lkj }
Ik v,*%% } ~SQ A v- ,.
.... c se
. .knU,fe-
.,74 Q n hn *
$r nm WW ,&g,N$
F*, . :- W - . . . we j y xgm' .m 4L*'3 v,c4Lnx;tr. - . .Qrm" .r N .f c r1;
&s
.g - .au*. . - ,,.
.a.
g 5-g g h /N . f fJ p, - (? . V.} j
- y. f@. .m;.g-p - - ..
g r
.e . m ,
- w. e m ... t . \,. /gf'$ *%S%g, % s .o g ' ;-' i p' c,f3Q.5 . c mp *.4. 9% u.9,% ..g
- s ' 'M d MM W .; . "O Z c
Aw y,n.'*? .4;ae j 2. . u :.; m h..;,,~y hi4%: s3 &. *tp %nQ. j& ;~; p.p s *v[J,d , g;a A .J, *V ee-
^
{'[ #f .l.{' 'U *. p q h a v a ce m r.* > .p<-l* - M sg wOf.. h,[A.e'u.yp 3 GW f - :
( .0.&y. ,.s a.
[. l.ps [*,,N ,al*o,s. ..
. fd~', ,f}.y;l&*.. n .-Q" 7 Q, s&:,
- f ;-);.
*? Oo u
l J:: e
.*L, 4 ,5y. ,%*.
.:. ;ff : c e%.; *ki;' , ;3 f~._ %? -- .'sw ;. i t a
=
m
.--: jy g .y , _g 1.g., 4 e 4.<,
* ** y [, g%
,hja.
oy ( pf; ~g*m; ,Q ', .t,:3, / g)?;s 5,7.6
- f'4 *[ 4 #'../,. 4 g ,*;. ;, y < f .*4' I ( no
. .- t . . ,
r
* -q. .-x 73y y r . . ,- o .,
7 -
. s ;' e wom a.
~ , . - n @ gen j % 2a . , .
mco C
*f J % ^ 7 ',*7 7 ..+' g',+-% ' . i te ,q'"P*
A W 4.;i .-Qp ky,*g'OV *-
;p T,*/f e W.' _
X 'h . Mh a. n. A ?.[ , o o f., g
.ap[ c*"$.
* ' , t* g .: y ' 2.e
., n, c.d h
- i, r.
.vv
- y. e M 4, e
-{ ( . %
.P . M. n, p".y:rM*,5 9,.sD * 'd i' S ;.y M. ,4 ~%.,g > 1 h. A A0 n.m ,;;.y: 4
.,;>p,$
g" ki p M.CE og m m
,y;
. ,u'
. .. .. w .oyv 4 4> .f gy 1T4.K.-% u ,.71 'lf.%v_)^ !l:7,37 m.* g
,.4 a* _ ,2i n. so. % ,. .s.
, y " W .c.Q.0J1- gw y y - ,o o y,
- ,A . q, ,.4 wC p'a.7 e f, ' . ! -
- k .. )
st" &..y a,,c n*y,',g.,
+.,(*'.y N . @i,[. ,4 n [ e).
um
.. Ma.a m.s g y,q n ag.7,,
- m .....
T. , a+:> av
- -r, g Qo,gi. gR..h4'?M . y?' i C 4J a m OG x .,-: P.}sL. .Q. .,u', ~;j
, p D. .J g'
Y:,,&wk' [ W.',? ?. w.f % '- si u-V' $2.Qy < . '$& UU
.' m@+W,>sy$.h .
y K v'%
.W M W m
<1.N n* .v.3, 3 ,1; p 4%fefv w.fw,.,g o
* ' *MI;l y f
P I,h: s.nyt, p m.m,1,Aep4h3' ?p.,e Q T.,N,((h. 7. by a c
,s -
g. j . din.x m .e9M.Q ( 6p'b,%,g.YPEE.h,.,,,NM4., g.s A co
!.Nd",Ws&$p: ;S Q ;lA; Q 4. f Gr.O;e' 1
* * 'an,. n iQnQW: wpw/'
;h, , W4t s * ,,. ..Y,~N Q[n gX Q N i,* k.. "_ ,,
g>g:r: ~ c m
- ; y e.
+- . - .e -
w* w
, u
+
ge s .*
- 4 N. . ,. g @g.aq-A
. g. ,,.,f ..s 4
7 .M .- t s,pp%,.g,
. g
- 1 . ..ss p
.,,A.*.
5
. '. ,% ~ - -.
1 ,J
.g ++ f'Qth? dip , Lv%ym
_ ig if. P ~ > *
- g
,b'[);\ nw. p p y.'M ln. * :.Y9 "._;(* <y%(;,f(g;;;'Q; +9 ;
j -
- 7:
~ -
n
=&p. ' ..,
- #c ', /; Y A ..c;.:i
- k: . ,s,m 1; ,,tsh. ..,.o ,,. : , m. >
- s. ~*3 , 8 t. .
-s e %, i n'; n ; ), s ee' * : ,4 n O* 4 = g( g P **
w.-3,py pj^r*'. g i ,a r *-4' \e u w .y = ( ;. my,*er't j,.4.s'{ 5 '
* - e
+
..p 2,
1-
.>$ r
- qu 1; A..
' !?
p s9' FL. s i s 4
* *>.).. . * ' ',
4 '
't.'
_S*
- g-4 _,
,k- 4 O swp+.
> s
- .. .4
, -w -
g E
,( -
4
33m.3 i
)!.W j
v,j,,:. .f f k~ hf l
. $ l x
- g. 0
- V; . $g,; ' . b ' ' 3. h 0
g ; . 4 N;N . l c g- '? g"<, 1: -
~
l o aN . m re h el hp
+
T m a
. "r S e) p .
ms er Th Q Y'%
- s d7
- n/
l g,f . aC h0 c4 nS
.N- ,
T e u+
- a. s Q w c y
ee hs d t 5
/ m/
9'.? L 4'i nj :i
?#g s ' oC r
F0 0 g8 m5 I
, 3 X n 0 i+
t i, - 0 l . uc
' f. w l
1 se es
~ R 5
c' . e/ rC u* t0
, . c5 u1 r1 t(
s g oe rl
% "' cc n i y4 MC1 71 7 l:
.,h 9 3
;' 3 e
-~ r u
g i F G^
' b.?. ' :, ' y i:
f,
. . %f o$i' -
7
/;c ' ;: 5
. f- r. a . . . fg ?
ft
;l aj
[ Rp ' p(y,,k, 7, v
,4 * -
i
,E x : b
Curve 755747-Q Specimen f 41 > ll50*C/5 sec + 550*C/5 sec Quench Cycle 1150"C/5 sec : o Temper I Cycle
- 550"C/5sec :"
Specimen a Thermocouple s
- \ uetolhermocouple D
Wire Attaching to Copper Jaw Was Removed from Jaw at this Point During Cooling Reference *
/ Thermocouple I 5 sec
- Time Figure 3.40 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 41 e
I
" * ?*aE*.
8 9 4 7 5 c e 5 7 s 5
/
w r C u
- C 0 5
5
+
c 9 e 4 s
# 5 .
eC
/
l e lp* c m0 a1 5 y S1 C l e a m lp r h c u e n' no e c a h9 T4 e u m o im cr c Q ee s e
"r o.
ph 5 eN
- S T p
> me le p Tp el u m c eo c c da e no nS 5
s remr al
/ e e C
f eh ho 0" RT e cr nt 5 m en l I iT uo QC y et hi
- tl a
fu oQ eh cc at c e ra s TB 5 rn
/
C eo
- di 5 rt 5
5 oc cu id so i r VP r e plc e my 1 eC 4 T 3 e r u g i F
)
I turve 75568-s Specimen f 56 1150"C/5 sec + 550*C/5 sec Quench IIFC/5 sec : Temper Cycle
=
SWC/5 sec . g Specimen y Thermocouple a E
'e A Ssec Reference Thermocouple e Time -
Figure 3.42 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
- Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 56
,, , a. - , a 4 -. - - - - _ . , . .- , , , - - .
Cur.e 755745-9 Specimen f 66 i 1150*C/5 sec + 550*C/ 5 sec Quench
~
Cycle ll50"C/5 sec : . o Temper Cycle
*- 55I*C/5 sec Q Specimen ]
Thermocouple y E
!: 4 S sec Reference Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.43 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
) Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 66
. c ., -, , - -,- ,-,---n. , --nn. ,
ll 9 o EjgEC , e , 9 5 c s e r s
. 5
/
C c
- 0 5
5
+
1 7 e c . f s e n5 l el c mC i* y c0 C e5 p1 l S1 a m r e e h1 lp u T7 h c n oc 4 n eo "r o. e u i mm c r c e eN p Q e ph e s S me el
= ST Tp k le p
m u da e o nS c c c a e no l s em r ho cr fe e r 5 I C eh nt RT en "0 e uo 5 m QC 1 i " 1 T y et hi tl a
- fu oQ eh cc at ra TB c rn e
s eo 5 di 1 rt C oc P _ cu 5 id 5 so i r VP 4 r 4 el e pc 3 my eC e T r u g i F
Curve 755743-5 Specimen f 39 . Il50*C/5 sec + 550 C/5 sec l Quench IIPC/5 sec - Temper Cycle 5FC/5 sec . u j Specimen j l, Thermocouple g E
\
> n 5sec Reference Thermocouple
; Time Figure 3.45 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 39 g 4 e
curve 755734 8 4N I I i i I I I i i i i i 1 6 i , Sample #63 1: Thermocouple Position 420 - in the Gleeble Mochine - 410 -
------ , r- --
V-Notch % ,/ o? di 9 I ard H Zone o 'd 39. 5 Rc - 36 Rc
, 3% -
I - 8 y 350 - oo - e 330 Width of -
"Hard Zone
Sl 310 E 3 290 - -
= @ 270 - -
250 - - gg o o - o 210 - - 190 - - 170 i i i i i i i i I i i i i I I 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Distance in Mils 6 _ 87 3:5[:h;9 y qpu
% +n . 'y v.: . g:,32D$$ !: ;;l; f:.
EM $6 'l o mt.i;g 15 % 1
?}t T :,.g,! e m
; ~y:, o f w :-T. apw:.
$$;g., ,
m .,
- /jw
~
. ;f Q 4~ pap;;+::
~r
- g+, %
^
l3.25Xl Figure 3.46 Hardness Transverse Test Results of the Quenched, Tempered and Pcat Weld Heat Treated Sample (No. 63) From the Productiun Batch (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) l l l l l
l ek%1
. pa e p[l3h, 7h$x .s ;
'ki.k~ h) ,
NlC4n , g.<R, f5i 3 m
. M,I bNk' i
< , m
- U*
' f*. o n cy,'lR - '
g g.
.. .y>
p ., . -. NA i f. , id OO y __ _';;2.y, sS' u .c
- 7. 3.C'N! - #'hY $$
;#d[ & Tm , . .
U
, .. < r._ '- @' 't
.?p
' .*?+w'}')
J : s_ o c 4j'e > RB w y"@>h
':;; . , :: i 88
' ' y % * *:hk
.;af e :Y
., n.a
'~~8 c x : n'p,~p. ..
.t , .. . *uy.
x.e ,. ; N s4 os c a. I/n [ '" - jE i rf:.(:A #;,J9 9 :43n9 w4;::.ye g% m i;:n h 3 M.8+,. W
;9.i.gg n .?Q
- c. p;
. . ::y a;;%, :a; p+.9.;m;,c a c am: ;,.r.. w ~2
% Es
, if5I'I hf fY k fh % ? f"\ ; M
M.>yN.b.:e*9if,,5
- u. -' c, ca
,c? d %,1 9,.
? L :w ,7,9.2 y G ' .'
B.. E'((j; ? &?'tMD*%g. ;$!):.7; , . , 5$ i; 5 lh,1 fMi '#N y ['$; h;.hi f$' ' . ' www g0 gT ~
^
.h >
~
%:x[a(f nf .6'. nm d '
7gtg(s f.fi *8 y;f' - nwhwiQ fR g> = _ l m E2-
, , . ' k1'&; ~+Q 1 [ . ,
-. ~
as h, ~'3
-f 2MZ f [,ht a D
?#M- O.
i . . . l E 1 .- o
- 01 m
.:e p D ts a h
-2 g- ..
Sa 'wA
A l X _ 0 _ h _0 -
'( y ; 2l4 .
e w 4: 5
/
'9 Ce 0p l
w s 5m 1 a
- 1S
' ((
i i J.; .?
}y_ ?* ~
;W dh ec 7, l t g '-
p$ ca yb
'm E t fI-R * '~
; 4..
V. j2 ,. C ro n 3 t' - T , ei pt mc j. J,
, ?, ' eu Td o
- dr
; np
. - a e
s hh ct n em uo
" - Qr
~ f y$ e h e-tl p
m f m F [? - ' a oas s t) l .
, uc se x es I ;. R
- 0 5
._ 0 y/
i hC p* a0 r0
.~ g8 o )
l +9
, l a
4 t c . ( ., %, ~ eeo MsN _ ~ 8 4 . 3 e r u g i F N
;\
, l x -
0 . j 0 e ; h - l 4
- e _
l (! -
.j _
l jI . 5
/
Ce 0p 5m l 1 a
~
1S (( E) -j,k dh ec l t ca r k .E'fr, C yb
!\k ~
r n fp g [ t Ah ro ei pt mc eu hyh Td a o f kl dr b Y; np i k}q
? a e
h. i
,b? f$,i 'y, hh ct n
.. em uo
}
k' flfh k
;., Qr e
f
, bf fh ;'
y h e tl f m oa p s s t) l . uc se d ' es N- ? l x R o y/ 5 o hC p 1
; l a0 0
i - n ; g8 J o ) l +6 l 5 a t c .
. eeo MsN h., -
$[
. 9 4
; 3
' e r
u O , i g F b ; y?- [h
. i, t
7 4 *
' Q ) ~
h}6 k f $:h h
p W4 g yMsgg{g.
'yg
;p,Wy.g[$r N wlx
- a. o a
4 J Eus
.~,$:bm;p,.k.l f q g
Fs iuqQs 5 p t.g[M EmaW
/
Ce a e # pWfm e$,sr~E l 0p h t. 5m 1 a i c 1S a@i2fa. i (( dh
" ,WTxg.h,._
& d 4n q(L.jc.
g fr C ec l t ca yb {M bmfy 2 [:,p+ Mwm$ n Je ro wQ;j . ei up ee$ pt mc
.p#;Ra%y;i:mt v3T m x eu Td o
y#1 dr np a p?E j un@g m3Wm9.dw * ;~5 e ib hh ct n r.4hn';h.S. em M ~ 44ngJ (h - h Hwak uo
, . ~ Qr f
- i. 1 e
d l 8@rr% F e)3';y r 4. y,:. h e tl fm oa p s s t) ne s.4 sa4 iJ lx v7%ejjj aMsezgy r 1 f o l R uc se es 5 p i y/ Wnwf'lGn/kco l hC k twt 5h,a. N p
- k. Vd9.y: i a0 r0 Eagw fefn$j.h g8 o )
gd g;g aye;./rfD f l +6 6 d9.e l wNh a t c . eeo MsN p Rma$jfc4ty?w e4
<r3 G
t[. z l' t. 0 kh4Mw@Tf 5 a u
.pqg./*m ic.gk?d t 3
e r 2em$e 5nyM r m.@$wm.f.,7)d. W s?$ sj l
~
f: Y sj iu i a a, i F u g p,.%#@euq gdf L g foam g nk - vWei'd s. wM . Mh4bk. ;g Ewp#f@p?g%J' y 1 ., d Gt*hm 4?y4Me 72
W; f% E 7iY ? ?jqgk, Mgp. Rfi%l .
,d? .$a,1 c-N dt".h% % >[m De n o '&
' " ?, C
( v. a fo" ( IU , E8 i
=
s Y. g 8'*
-+-
' #' . f,h*
f a . /.',;9 - ,
. Iaz d , 1 e-M' p.,
b ,
- s. ,og a. cb
. ;fy c k
t.s.t3
.. o ,,
Y Ad,9
.w ,ggj
~, ,
.>.- . .la4fa >; 13 ,
~
?.
W ) 3 m?a.... u A.d7.- ..
c,?%{-d xgh% , ~;3y& l0 x
. np '
w' Q cm, "s l04
,a;4 e.
p
,,w ? -
v; - neg ) t . ss or Ph p~:.yn d7 yg4' - n/ aC x, y.,~- , d0 e4
- l 5 ns c gy y+
C ) gc,,.%s .i t rc3 9
. e3
.f5 R
ee ps .
- n. . ;;y~
.m .. - b3 m e5N o
n
- ~
T/
< s Ce d l n n0p aaer
- a0 m o
- g. Y. e 8a
,m.{
mw'" - hy ; t
?kk y
jk
;. h c+(
n e .h ucc S
,g,yW5;j
;g ;.& BrA n -
Nk.N Qet sa T i? . u:fkM?:. k? k ly. i h5 e B
. .gQ{1,Qs$:s(NMi
- ae.
- l !
t h bh C t/ n f Co i o0t kMA f
%"h[O;? jI 5 c Q b p X ,.,r. J: .rQt8.@lY !M M $3.'c[fb.,$^r&ll&
T 0 0 s1 u t1d l( o u r
.n,p'b ., ,b ak;.
g tMnp,@, gu
%yo.$dTll hghl :h
.Wf L'c
&g?.l 1 sdP ee Rt e yet ah y $ s[- Qh
- ! hr 4.V pT m a o 1 [
j rt r nmMY..
- z. W} $C N'
' ,% gaF oe 5 ?
i lHe eR,?,k l l g~~
,.~,~'&,%m%5#c adp
.,~.p?"hQ;
; tl m
. : eea MWS a.y: fN % h. .
i s. v .w';.,f: 'lt !N$ ,c h h 2 7 p 3<R %cm d. k i ,h.0{@ h [ 3$R
. . fi j o%:d? 5 3
p:E jDh e
*WW)$a,N @4W f yA,%R ;" D r
. , . ' . ph g$N hE '
g u e.;:.Q j i {f J fprhh .S h:l f QE i F
*yir%h[!gj.W:gM['f,%.d p i l-
;g.8 $h !n G :
p$
.% ;w;w 4 A'c l+.W f 0 @$ b$.l
' ;I
/'
4 yod 9
',y~$:.jD{..%$fl~.l kl ?.i
' ~ .
s a ' Lb
;NE.f.Ll :
. 5. '
j
curve 75564 5-A 100 i , , , , , , 100 . o Charpy Energy ( ft-Ibs) 90 -
. WBrittle Fracture -
90 80 - - 80 70 - - 70
- o o
- 60 -
60 e
..o..o-e 1 2 . o
' n. - )~ ~
y 50
---+---] ,
, - - - + - - - 50 g e l cl taa mae 5 E 40 - l 3 l -
40 as I e I ! . i i 30 - l : - 30 l l I o l 20 - o / : - 20 if 10 o 10 Fatt s-115 F I y 0
' ' de . - e' e '
- ': 0
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 Temperature ( F)
Figure 3.53 Charpy Impact Test Results of the Gleeble Simulated HA2 High Hardness Zone in SA302 Grade B Steel
wsSTINGHoUSF CLASS 3 CUSTOMER EESIGNATk3 DISTRIBUTIEN WCAP-11850 FRACTURE SENSITIVITY STUDY OF GIRTH WELD NO 6 REPAIRED CONFIGURATION INDIAN POINT b;ilT 2 May 1988 W. H. Bamford Y. S. Lee l Verified by: C8 "7 /M t C. B. Bond l Approved by: e M
. . Pajdsam9, ' Rah'ager Structpfal Materials Engineering l
l Although information contained in this report is nonproprietary, no distribu-tion shall be made outside Westinghouse or its licensees without the customer's approval. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Power Systems Business Unit P.O. Box 355 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 f 2410s/0440s-CS248410 _
l TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1-1 2.0 LOAD CONDITIONS, FRACTURE ANALYSIS METHODS, 2-1 AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES 2.1 Transients for the Steam Generator 2.2 Stress Intensity Factor Calculations 2.3 Fracture Toughness 2.4 Critical Flaw Size Determination 3.0 FRACTURE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 3-1
4.0 REFERENCES
4-1 i 2416s/0446s-0$246410 jj _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ - - ~_-
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
In the fall of 1997 a series of surface flaws were found in the upper shell to cone weld of the Indian Point Unit 2 steam generators. These flaws were removed by grinding, appropriate evalue.tions performed, and the vessels returned to service. During the discussions which touk place with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on this topic, a question was raised concerning the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) region of the weld. Specifically, the high hardness of the HAZ region (as determined from tests on ' coat samples) was suspected to be an indication of low fracture toughness. As a result of this concern this sensitivity study was undertaken, in conjunction with an experimental program (reported separately) to characterize the HAZ properties. The sensitivity study reported here shows that the fracture toughness of the upper shell to cone weld region is sufficient to ensure its integrity during future operation, even with a very long surface flaw. This conc?osion results from the fracture calculations reported here as well as the experimental findings of the companion program. i m e.e-esmo o $$$
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The inoications found in girth weld number six of the Indian Point Unit 2 steem generators have been removed by grinding. Boat samples removed during the repair process have shown that there are regions within the heat affected zone with relatively high hardness, and this has raised concerns relative to the integrity of the steam generator vessel. rhis work has been carried out to investigate the integrity of the vessel, and to determine the sensitivity of the repaired vessel girth weld region to the presence of cracks, even though it is not expected that cracks would reinitiate in this region. Specifically, analyses were done to determine what level of fracture toughness or RT NDT w uld be required to maintain the integrity of the vessel for a postulated surface flaw. me.co.-omu w 1_1
SECTION 2 LOAD CONDITIONS, FRACTURE ANALYSIS METHODS AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES 2,1 TRANSIENTS FOR THE STEAM GENERATOR The design transients for the Indian Point Unit 2 steam generators are listed by umbrella groupings in table 2-1. The critical flaw sizes under normal operating conditions, or under faulted conditions, and the stress intensity factors, K g, are a function of the stresses caused by these transients at the cross-section where the flaw of inter %t is located, and the material properties. Therefore, the first step for a fracture evaluation is to determine the appropriate limiting load conditions for the location of interest. For the region of interest, the upper shell to cone weld, the full range of design transients was considered. Transients such as pressure tests, including both hydrostatic and leakage tests, can be controlled by setting the test temperature. Therefore, the operational transients were considered in one analysis and a separate determination was made of the toughness required for the pressure tests. On this basis, the governing operational transient was found to be the reactor trip condition, which is even more severe than smergency and faulted transients in the steam generator. 2.2 STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR CALCULATIONS One of the key elements of the critical flaw size calculations is the determination of the driving force or stress intensity factor (Kg ). This was done using expressicns available from the literature. In all cases the stress intensity factor for the critical flaw size calculations utilized a representation of the actual stress profile rather than a linearization. This was necessary to provide the most accurate determination possible of the critical flaw size, and is particularly important where the stress profile is generally nonlinear and often very steep. The stress profile was represented by a cubic polynomial: 2419s/0449s-052444 10 2-1 o
o(x) = 0A + A1{+A2({} +A3({) where x is the coordinate distance into the wall t = wall thickness o = stress perpendicular to the plane of the crack In the study of sensitivity to the presence of flaws (section 3) three flaw shapes were used, near-continuous (a/t = 0.05) semielliptical with length six times the depth (a/t = 0.167) and semi circular (a/t = 0.5). As will be seen in Section 3, the study covers the full range of shapes between these values. All the postulated flaws were circumferentially criented, and were presumed to be in the region of maximum griding depth. For the surface flaw with length six times its depth (a/t = 0.167), the stress intensity factor expression of McGowan and Raymund (2) was used. The stress intensity factor Kg (4) can be calculated anywhere along the crack front, where & is the angular position, as defined in figure 2-1. The point of maximum crack depth is represented by # = 0. %11owing expression is used for calculating Ky (f): 0.5 2 2 2 1/- (cos , , a2 sin ,) g K;(4) = (y) (, c 1a 2 A H 4 a3
+7p2 2 + 37 p A 3 H)3 l
l The magnification factors H O I')' N 1(4), H (#) 2 and H 3(4) were obtained by the procedure outlined in reference (2]. The stress intensity factor calculation for a semi-circular surface flaw, l (a/t = 0.5) was carried out using the expressions developed by Raju and Newman (3). Their expression utilizes the same cubic representation of the stress profile and gives precisely the same result as the expression of I McGowan and Raymund for the flaw with a/t = 0.167, and the form of the l 281es4444s-CS248810 2-2
equation is similar to that of McGowan and Raymund above. The stress intensity factor expression used for a very long surface flaw (a/t = 0.05) was also carried out using the expression of Raju and Newman (3]. 2.3 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS The other key element in the determination of critical flaw sizes is the fracture toughness of the material. The fracture toughness has been taken directly from the reference curves of Appendix A, Section XI. In the transition temperature region, these curves can be represented by the following equations: KIc = 33.2 + 2.806 exp. (0.02 (T-RTNDT + 100*F)] Kg , = 26.8 + 1.233 exp. [0.0145 (T-RTNDT + 160'F)] where K Ic and K g , are in ksi /in. The upper shelf temperature regime requires utilization of a shelf toughness which is not specified in the ASME Code. A value of 200 ksi/in has been used here. This value is consistent with general practice in such evaluations, as shown for example in reference (4), which provides the background and technical basis of Appendix A of Section XI. The fracture toughness of steam generator materials has been well character-ized, since A3028 steel was used to fabricate many reactor vessels as well. This material was used in developing and verifying the reference toughness curves of the ASME code. Fracture toughness tests were conducted on base metal, weldmento, and heat-affected zones, and were all found to be bounded by the ASME K la curve for dynamic and arrest tests, and the KIc curve for static tests. The other key element in the determination of the fracture toughness is the value of RTNDT, which is a parameter determined from Charpy V-notch and drop-weight tests, me,e -osmeio 2-3
To allow determination of RTNDT f r the upper shell and cone materials, a compilation was made of the properties listed on the original material test certificates. The materials used in the steam generators were tested after a , post weld heat treatment cycle of 1050-1150*F for 18 to 28 hours, as shown in table 2-2. The Charpy impact properties of these materials are listed in tables 2-3 and 2-4. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has established guidelines for estimating the value of RT NDT from Charpy properties in their Standard Review Plan (5). Review of table 2-3 shows that in general the materials in the shell and cone region have excellent Charpy properties, and therefore the value of RT NDT is equal to the test temperature, which is 10*F for all the base materials and 30*F for the welds. Concern has been expressed relative to the RTNDT estimation procedures being applied to the heat-affected zone material, and to answer this question completely further experimental work has been carried out (6). The properties of the girth weld were expected to be quite good. Charpy tests made from the plug removed from the Indian Point Unit 3 girth weld number six showed very good results, as shown in table 2-5. The maximum hardness of the heat-affected zone of this plug was found to be very similar to that of boat samples removed from unit 2 during the recent investigation. Results of the. experimental study of the high hardness HAZ material (6) showed that RT NDT was much lower than the original estimate of 30*F. Drawing a lower bound curve under the Charpy data of figure 3.53 of reference 6, the 50 f t-lb energy level was reached at 28'F, as reproduced here in figure 2-2. Using the procedure of the ASME Code Section III, paragraph NB-2300, the RT NDT value is 60*F below this 50 ft-lb temperature, or -32*F. This is believed to be a reliable estimate of RT NDT for the material, even though drop weight tests were not performed, since the Charpy curve is very steep and the transition is well-defined. The Charpy results from the experimental program (6) at room temperature (52-64 ft-lb) are similar to the results of the tests from the Indian Point Unit 3 material reported in table 2-5 and w e. m o.-o a n so g.4
discussed above. The results of [6] are alze comparable to the original weld qualification test results for Indian Point 2, in table 2-4, since the HAZ results at O'F were approximately 50 ft-lb. Once the value of RT NDT is established, the reference toughness curves of the ASME Code discussed above may be used directly, since the materials are SA302 grade B which has a minimum specified yield strength of 50 ksi. These toughness curves were used in the critical flaw size determinations to be discussed below. 2.4 CRITICAL FLAW SIZE DETERMINATION, AND SENSITIVITY APPROACH The applied stress intensity factor (K )g and the material fracture toughness values (K;, and KIc) were used to determine the allowable flaw size values used to construct the handbook charts. For this study, the critical flaw size was determined as the depth at which the applied stress intensity factor Kg exceeds the fracture toughness K Ic' In this study, since the fracture toughness of the material is in question the critical flaw size determination method was used in reverse, to decide what fracture toughness is necessary to maintain the integrity of the steam generator girth weld region in the presence of a postulated flaw. The results of these calculations will be discussed in Section 3. 241es/0449s-05244410 2-5
TABLE 2-1 TRANSIENT GROUPING FOR FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH ANALYSIS [7] Transient Cycles 1 Cold Shutdown 200 2 No Load 200 3 100% Power (PlantLoad/ Unload) 14500 4 Small Step Load Decrease 2000 5 Steady-State Fluctuations (+) 1.0E+06 6 Steady-State Fluctuations (-) 1.0E+06 7 Large Step Load Decrease 2200 Small Step Load Decrease (2000) 8 Loss of Power 205 LossofLoad(40) Loss of Flow (80) Secondary Side Leak Test (5) 9 Reactor Trip 400 10 Feedwater Cycling 25000 11 Secondary Hydrotest (Init.) 1 12 Secondary Hydrotest (Subs.) 50 l l { l l ! n a.co.'""" " 2-6
TABLE 2-2 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT OF UPPER SHELL - CONE WELDS INDIAN POINT UNIT 2 Heatup to 1050*F > 7 hours Soak at 1050-1150*F SG #1 - 26 hrs SG #2 - 27 hrs SG #3 - 18 hrs SG #4 - 28 hrs Cooldown in Air m.. ...-omu i o 2-7
TABLE 2-3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF UPPER SHELL-CONE REGION INDIAN POINT UNIT 2 Charpy Values (10*F) Location Material Type (ft-lb) RT NDT Cone materials, SG #1 heat A0058-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 64,67,63 10*F heat A0991-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 58,62,50 10'F heat A0042-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 61,74,77 10*F heat A0042-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 55,64,60 10'F Upper shell materials, SG #1 hee.t 85012-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 70,67,68 10'F heat 85012-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 73,83,48 10'F heat A0310-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 105,95,104 10*F heat B5012-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 78,78,74 10'F Cone materials, SG #2 heat C1108-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 124,120,125 10*F heat A9941-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 95,81,90 10*F heat /.0091-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 72,60,59 10'F heat C1108-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 85,68,97 10*F heat A0042-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 55,64,60 10'F Upper shell materials . SG #2 heat A0126-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 60,80,82 10'F heat A0126-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 86,47,57 10*F heat A0126-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 105,97,91 10*F heat A0126-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 79,66,64 10*F w s,m as.. m au to g.g
TABLE 2-3 (continued) MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF UPPER SHELL-CONE REGION INDIAN POINT UNIT 2 Charpy Values (10*F) location Material Type (ft-lb) RT NDT Cone materials, SG #3 B5010-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 81,143,85 10'F B5010-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 81,143,85 10*F C1108-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 81,95,76 10*F B4873-5 SA 302-56 Gr B 86,121,85 10'F B5010-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 93,73,113 10'F Upper Shell Materials, SG #3 A0902-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 70,67,67 10*F A0877-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 77,89,87 10'F A0877-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 94,70,55 10*F A0872-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 79,83,83 10*F Cone Materials, SG #4 heat C1488-4 SA 302-56 Gr B 82,88,89 10*F heat C1488-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 81,77,74 10'F heat 85387-1 SA 302-56 Gr B 84,84,88 10'F heat B5387-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 90,98,110 10'F Upper Shell Materials, SG #4 A0877-4 SA 302-S6 Gr B 83,92,95 10*F ! ' A0902-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 51,78,45 10'F l A0877-3 SA 302-56 Gr B 72,96,75 10*F ! B5973-2 SA 302-56 Gr B 66,74,70 10'F { m e,S o.-o m a i. 2-9
TABLE 2-4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TOUGHNESS OF WELD QUALIFICATION SPECIMENS Charpy Yield Tensile Energy Strength Strength (ft-lb) Heat No. (ksi) (ksi) at 10*F RT NDT B5012 67.7 83.4 30/37/29 30 50/53/80 10 A0265 70.9 86.9 38/30/47 30 37/111/48 10 C1108 64.6 83.4 41/40/41 30 43/48/98 10 B4873 68.0 85.0 38/37/42 30 80/33/83 10 l ( m e. + 4..-esa.u io 2-10 l i
TABLE 2-5 CHARPY REl'lLTS FROM MATERIAL REMOVED FROM ^ THE INDIAN POINT UNIT 3 STEAM GENERATOR,. TESTED AT 76'F Lateral Expansion Notch Location Cv (ft lbs) (Mils) % Shear Trans cone 79 63 85 Trans cone 69 58 80 Upper shell 77 67 95 Upper shell 75 64 95 Weld cone 60 51 60 Repair weld 111 85 95 Crown to cona HAZ 83,74 59,59 90,85 Crown to upper shell 83,71 61,44 95,60 l l l l l l l t l l l' ni e.wi.m2... 2-11 l l l
Wall Thickness t .
=
'N l
r-f3
.d__
' ~ "a l t - Figure 2-1. Geometry and Terminology of Flaws Evaluated b P mie. . sieu i. 2-12
.~.
- - ----e.1--w -e w - ---.m,_, , , , , ,,_ _ , _ ___ , _
curve 755645-A
' ' l00 100 ' ' '
'2
/'2 -
' o Charpy Energy ( ft-lbs) 90 90 - . % Brittle Fracture 80 -
80 70 - 70 l O o o e 3 e C l 2 y 50
- + - - - -
o y,**o,~~~,,,o..-.----
- -~- 50 g; e
w ,
- I o/ 5 I
40 5 I
/
40 - 3 : I e co I I
- 30 30 -
lIl l 4 l 20 - o- .
/ -
20 I/ 28'F
) : 10 10 o .-
Fatt s-115 F I y y ('RTNDT+ e ' 6 0*F) 0
' ' \Y'
- r h 0 200 300 400
- 300 -200 -100 0 100 Temperature ( F)
Figure 2-2, Charpy Results and RTNDT Determination from Reference (6). m i =* .= i . 2-13
SECTION 3 FRACTURE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fracture analyses were carried out for both the reactor trip transient and a pressure test, to determine the sensitivity of the girth weld in its repaired configuration to the presence of cracks. The worst case repaired configura-tion was used, which incorporates a grinding depth of 1.1 inches (7). The results of a typical pressure test are presented in figure 3-1, for three flaw shapes. The 1000 psi pressure was chosen as representative of the secondary side operational pressure tests, which generally range from 750-1085 psi. It can be seen from the figure that the girth weld is not very sensitive to the presence of flaws under a pressure loading, since even the most elongated flaw has a stress intensity factor of less than 100 ksi/in for a flaw one-half inch deep beyond the 1.10 inch grinding depth. The assumption here is that RT NDT is a maximum of 30*F. This assumption was proven conservative by the Charpy tests of reference (6). The pressure tests could be accomplished with no difficulty at 80'F (RTNDT + 50'F) for a 1000 psi test, and at 60*F (RTNDT + 30*F) for a 770 psi pressure test. These values were obtained from use of the K Ic curve from section XI, which is reproduced in figure 3-3, and a reference flaw depth of one half inch deep, beyond the 1.1 inch grinding depth. The assumption here was that RT NDT is no higher than 30'F. Since the tests (6) have shown that RT NDT is much lower than 30*F, the base metal properties become governing (RTNDT = 10*F) and the pressure tests can be accomplished at room tempcrature with a genercus safety margin. The results of the calculation for the reactor trip transient are shown in figure 3-2, for three different flaw shapes. The applied stress intensity factor is highest for the longest flaw (a/t = 0.05), as expected. After increasing rather steeply with crack depth, the sensitivity to flaws decreases, as seen by the decreasing slope. The stress intensity factor for a flaw one half inch deep was found to be 160 ksi /in for the most elongated flaw shape, and 132 ksi / in for a six-to-one elliptical flaw (a/t = 0.167). me.mo. esmii. 3-1
The implication of this finding is that a half-inch deep surface flaw would remain unaffected during the most severe operational transient (reactor trip) as long as the fracture toughness exceeds the aforementioned values. The minimum inside surface temperature at the girth weld during the reactor trip was found to be 260*F, so this toughness requirement translates into a required RT NDT f 190*F or less for the six-to-one elliptical flaw (a/t = 0.167). Likewise, a maximum RT NDT f 173*F is obtained for the very long flaw (a/t = 0.05). Since the RT NDT is in the range of -J6*F (6), a very large margin of safety can be shown to exist. N The above assessment is very conservative, because it is based on the assumption that the ground region of 1.1 inches deep extends around the entire circumference of the steam generator girth weld. The grind depth of 1.1 inches deep is actually very localized. Only at one location is the actual maximum grinding depth of 1.07 inch reached. Further, the assumption of a flaw 0.5 inch deep is very conservative, since the girth weld area has been carefully ground to be defect-free, as proven by magnetic particle exams. Lower bound toughness curves have been used in the fracture analysis, which adds further conservatism. As a result, even with a very long, 0.5 inch deep surface flaw in the repaired girth weld region, the structural integrity of the upper shell to cone girth welds in the Indian Point 2 steam generators will not be affected. l me.oue.cu.uto 3-2 _- _ m, ------ - -- _ . - _ . - . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _
! i
.- i ga t l~
l e ri
~
5 } M h - . e _ e i
!4,Ii
.giil ?:]
L-11i.!, r
-r
[*ki ,. i_ h t
.j*
i 1
,Z - ih 7a ]d_t . _
. " f u_ n ti; '
. - v' 9 t
_g _ p_ i
!iiii '
- w.:.
ir ' .a i
.Y>
- d. 6
%y .
i . !i . i: , i ' 1 ' zg war.o I!iii i . . i 1 '
! .f i i; .
. i d i
. !iii
!ii; ii
, 4
!i~ '!!,
, :i; ! - i a !%
< ! iij!,
i i iI l ei Wsp
;Cl!
- i; i!~ . i! {!Ii; :! ! . ' .
i h
'i l!!!Li!. !!'M;- >jw. *l:l t0 iiiii !1 , :,1 1 ! .ii i .
i: i1i
'1!1 !! > ; '
- i i
@L. a t! i0 r0 w;.' G C G1 iT' ' ,
i!, iia l1i, l jii.! , :ji i j ! 1IiI; !i + I!!. !!Ii- .ii, - , . . r_i . ' i!
!- f}Ii li rt lfi1i l!Ii r!I!, ! . !i; !i , i ! ii i.i, !!l i!}ii ! ;I oa iii]i . i i!;, ' 1!' , - ,. ' :i}Ii . ! 1I f
i l I]1i, .ll lI t ss iiIl ;; ne
, t1 :i . . >
7 !i ! i _ii ii i!
!; !!i i ii:i
- !4 ._ ,a!i !!. .i.i- y
,l ;i oT a:
.I!a
!i i!i iii; .< !! :!. , - 3 4! 11 i
' i!' iiI . . j 1> + te
- 2. ' -
ar l u
!i Ili ! !' i' ' ' . +
!t i .r us pm iT' ~ cs
- i i!a !i' ! !, !i > ! i, ;!l!- t!
iii ii!!
!s iiii li iii !!!
> :! a
;i!,
.i!'
!1
!iljl1
,^ i!
!! !i
,i l e ar 3 il
~
-.i! 1I CP
- u. 3 M./m.Ml;.
iii l!l . > . ! ! i . , ' , ! 4i}i: . - 1I r , i
. !ii
- !i liii
!i .
I . i
!i
. 1*
1 i i,
,'!i '
l i
--iIii i ' a il
+
on to i tiIi i !I . ,
.! :i . .
I! ? ci i~
-' j, g!
1 I at Fa
- iIi ,1 - *
- !.u..
2!' ! ! t ' i
- eit
- + r yu iiM l1 i!I!a l < !' I1 '
l ' ; :l i
- 1 1!i!: l i i . i!!. . * :i:!i . - ' 1 . i~ ' ' i i! , t g
.i!i -. l ii! ,i!!, ' . ii: '
.!- ' !jii
,I !!
ii sf nn iIii !li 1i
~
t! , . i ' i ' . + e ~ < ei i! eo e :it! i!!i 1i!. i ' ! , , ii i ! tC iiI!!l! i; iii . t a._ . -y
. - .+
~ -
i n Id 2 iiii l ' i* ji
+
e 4i
~e. -
sr iiiii i: iIi l 5 3, i
"- c. n. i2 i 1
si ea ii .iI re, - rp 2
- t . i i t e
,h' - J Ip ii! i . .i '
i 1Iii:I!,j!2l!iij!
. iI SR gI!- ,
y: ..
. .! :i o.
.Ii '
_ .- i! .i t
. i;
~ _- _.
_ ~ .. ._ - /I 1 n i s 3 o-1 _; _ i ,
-. -a I!
I1Il
+ :l
-ii g .
?
ii 1'
,.!;+
_ -+ j. M,*ii e r u g p,.y
- l t
i - 3 1i
.IwMtLs d._. _
t_a)..%qQ,9au3Ty* a
- . 4M
.Wlr,4 l i
F m
i
- j. .
F MTU 9 g ._g
.3 .
4 .e , , , , _ ,, .}.Q, _ p. ,,g-- o l.
.$g
. 9
,q .. 114 - _._ .g ea c
.g 4 .
- p. , ,
Q ..[ }. .... . .
+ _..} . Q
._ . , . 3, g. ,o. .a y ._r, .. . _
__.. _1 ...
. W La y.. . --- . . . .. _
.. .y~
I'-' ~~T O q, ' 7.
~~
,____._ _ _ .. T .I _.. . . _ _. __ ____._ .
.._ r .
__{ j . ..... . . m .a
-= =y y :c 7 -= ,. ; y n 4
ip 3.3 w.
~~
.,1 2[ l[ $$'
TEI_22 _[E'i . $. [..2..~.$ $ '$ _ _. $2 . .
*~
g> y i . __t ... _ _..__ _J... _ _. _.4_. __. _
.a
.._._..._.. . ._.. . ._. . . .a _. .._. . ._. . _ _ _ -... . c
- :, 7
$_,. .Y5?. .Y Y '
. _ --_... .$ .N Y fO -l3 .s a
_._._, .._~ . ..
- '~.' _._.
4.3 . ___. _ __. . a, .i, _ _.. . .. . .__ n: ;a,,g 7
,._- p_
m 1 ._.. .._ . . . . ._ _... __... _. L .
. _,-_...... . ... . - ,. - . y. -. ..-,, ._ .- OC j
_____ _ ._ .._. _ ._ . ... _,V . . ..
.)_ . . .
a_ n ., p__ r mo gg
,_..\. .
p_ ..-, ..T-. 3' p 4 p _. 7 u .. _ _..I,_
.p ,,. _.
y_ . e , _ _ _ . eo
....7 4({ . .
. .} g.. ,4, .}. y gc>
...l. .4 N \j ,.T ..; .j. *"* 'y sk g \:q, E.47 ::yp 1 ..l:y
~
.9 E p:
y ._.. .
.u
" ~;;
.A . _
1 :J 4_ ..
.J p- k T .
rr T ba v> =
-,__.-__ e 7q
&..y} k 3, .< - - _
2 g.. y . j__ 4_ x:r 71, : -
- xu e . .p , - t-z.r i e g Y?EMNNfYET?!h ;i; --
MI -+ it $ w-e 2
?b ,i[ ' ,- 3:i 0
0 2
+
]
0 1 y I 5 1 [ K + A x i d n e p p A 0 I I 0 X 1
+
n i o t c e S m g o r K f
' 0 F s 5+
- e l, v g r g
y u r C M s
- s r e
( n h g u g o n y 0 T T e R r t u c _ a _ r F e _ c n e _ 0 r 8 5
- e f
e R 3 3 e r 0 u _ - - - - ~ - - _ - 0 1
- i g
F oe 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 e n o s o s
- 0 2
0 r 2 1 1 2 0 1 _ e f ,a g Jg 4f gli t t. 8 8 _ 9 3 _ 10
/
_ e 9 1 _ 0 2 t U
SECTION 4 REFERENCES
- 1. ASME Code Section XI, "Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components."
- 2. McGowan, J. J. and Raymund, M., "Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Internal Longitudinal Semi-elliptic Surface Flaw in a cylinder Under Arbitrarj Loading", ASTM STP 677, 1979, pp. 365-380.
- 3. Newman, J. C. Jr. and Raju, I. S., "Stress Intensity Factors for Internal Surface Cracks in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels", ASME Trans., Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 102, 1980, pp. 342-346.
- 4. Marston, T. V., et. al., Section XI Flaw Evaluation: Technical Basis and Sample Problems, EPRI NP 7195R, August 1978.
- 5. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Standard Review Plan, NUREG-0800, i
- 6. Rao, G. V., "Charpy Toughness and Brittle Transition Temperature
- Characterization of the HAZ High Hardness Zone of the IP-2 Steam Generator Girth Weld by Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation,"
l Westinghouse Electric Rooort WCAP-11831, May 1988. l 7. "Indian Point Unit 2 - Steam Generator Girth Weld Repair," Westinghouse Electric Report STD 7.3.4-8105, February 1988 (to be published as WCAP-11730). (Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2] l-1 l l l l l me.w *mo 41 l i I
WESTINGHOUSE CLASS 3 CUSTOMER DES 10NATED DISTRIBUTION WCAP-11831 Rev. 1 CHARPY TOUGHkESS AND BRITTLE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HAZ HIGH HARDNESS ZONE OF THE IP-2 STEAM GENERATOR GIRTH WELD BY GLEEBLE WELD THERMAL CYCLE SIMULATION GUTTI V. RA0 JULY 1988 Approved by: I T. R. Mager, MM(ager Metallurgical Wnd Nondestructive Analysis Work Performed Under Shop G der ICCJ-138 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Generation Technology Systems Division P. O. Box 2728 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230-2728
- b. -
so 2000s-C60MB 10
ABSTRACT Code rejectable indications were reported in the weld regions of the Indian Point Unit 2 (IP-2) steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone girth welds. Examination of the boat samples taken from the affected regions of the welds showed cracks characteristic of a corrosion fatigue mechanism. Tha examinations further showed that the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) centained a thin high hardness zone (HHZ) adjacent to the weld fusion zone. To adn ess the concerns resulting from the potential extension of the observed cracki g into the thin HHZ regions, Charpy toughness and fracture appearance transi. ion temperature evaluations were conducted by Gleeble weld thermal cycle iimulation. The overall results of the evaluations showed that the HAZ high hardness zone has adequate toughness and i:iat cracking is not likely to propagate by cleavage (brittle) fracture. Multipass weld .hermal cycles associated with the SA302 Grade B steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone weld were simulated to accurately reproduce the HHZ (34 to 39 Rockwell 'C') hardness and microstructure observed in the boat samples. A 1/4 in, wide HHZ was reproduced at the center zone of a four inch long oversized unnotched Charpy blanks employing a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. Charpy V-notched spacimens were then prepared from the blanks and impact tested at tempe atures ranging from -300*F to +320'F. The results of the evaluations clearly showed that the high hardness zor,a could be accurately and consistently reproduced with the required microstructure and hardness level in the SA302 Grade 8 material bulk samples. The Charpy impact toughness test results confirmed l that the IP2 steam generator girth weld HAZ high hardness zone has an upper ( shelf value of approximately 59 ft-lbs, a value that is comparable to the base metal properties. The test results further showed that the fracture appearance transition temperature of the high hard. ness zone correspondad to
-115'F.
vn.-onn vo $
\
J
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
' Code rejectable indications were reported in the weld regions of the Indian Point Unit 2 (IP-2) steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone girth weld. The steam generator shell is fabricated from SA302 Grade B steel material. The results of metallurgical evaluations conducted on boat samples from the steam generator girth weld showed that cracks were initiated at the inside diameter (ID) surface pits and propagated by a corrosion fatigue mechanism. These evaluatiens also confirmed the presence cf a thin high hardness zone (HHZ) adjacent to the fusion zone in the heat affected zone having an equivalent Rockwell 'C' hardness value (Rc) ranging from 34 to 39.
This program was undertaken to address the concerns arising from the potential propagation of cracking along the high hardness zone. The primary objective of this program was to evaluate the upper shelf toughness value and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of the thin high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld. A Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator was employed to accurately reproduce the high hardness zone and microstructure in bulk Charpy blanks. The results from Charpy V-notch impact tests were employed to establish the potential for cleavage (brittle) fracture at the weld regions. The evaluations showed that the HA2 has adequate toughness and that any extension of cracking into the HHZ is not expected to propagate by cleavage (brittle) fracture. The program was cerried out in three tasks. The first task of the program identified the targat microstructure', the required grain size and hardness level from the boat samples. The second task of the program established the quench, temper and stress relief weld thermal cycles on the Gleeble to accurai;ely simulate the target HHZ microstructure and hardness level in the Charpy blanks. Finally, under the third task of the orogram, Charpy toughness tests were conducted to establish the upper shelf toughness value and the (FATT) of the high hardness zone. Multipass weld thermal cycles associated with the SA302 Grade B steam generator vessel upper shell to transition cone weld were simulated to reproduce accurately the high hardness zone (34 to 39 Rc) and microstructure 31F)s-07221410 j(
over a 0.25 in, wide center zone in four inch long oversized Charpy blanks with a Gleeble machine. ASTM Charpy V-notch specimens were then machined from the blanks with the V-notch positioned at the center of the HHZ and impact tested at temperatures ranging from -300*F to +320'F. The results of the evaluations clearly showed that the HHZ could be accurately and consistently reproduced with the required microstructure and hardness level in the SA302 Grade B bulk samples. The Charpy impact toughness test results showed that the IP2 steam generator girth weld HHZ has an upper shelf value of approximately 59 ft-lbs, a value that is comparable to the unaffected base metal properties. The room temperature Charpy toughness values of the HHZ varied between 52 and 63 f t-lbs while the comparable values for the unaffectred base metal from the upper shell and transition cone regions reported (Reference 2) ranged between 69 and 79 ft-lbs. The test results further showed that the fracture appearance transition temperature of the high hardness zone corresponded to -115'F. The over all results of the evaluations thus showed that the HHZ has adequate toughness and that any extension of cracking into the high hardness zone is not expected to propagate by cleavage (brittie) fracture. These results also indicated that the fracture toughness value employed in the fracture. sensitivity study of the repaired girth weld (Reference 4) is very conservative. un.-om n ia jjj
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Gleeble tests-were conducted'at the Edison Welding Institute. The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of David Noble and Mark Cola of the EWI in conducting the Gleeble tests. Helpful discussions with Harlan Sager and
, Peter is Skulto of the Consolidated Edison Company are gratefully acknowledged, u
e 4 a 3173s-072264 10 jy 9 w -- , - - , . . . , ,
.. . = -
i T TABLE OF CONTENTS I l Section Title Page-
)
1.0 INTRCDUCTION 1-1 1.1 Backg ound 1-1 1.2 Program Objectives 1-2 j i 2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2-1 3.0 EVALVATIONS AND TESTS 3-1 3.1 Target Microstructure and Hardness Level 3-1 Boat Sample Examinations 3.2 Test Material and Test Specimens 3-1 3.3 Establishing Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycles to 3-2 Simulate Targst Microstructure 3.3.1 Simulation of Quench Thermal Cycles 3-2 3.3.2 Selection of Appropriate Tempering 3-2 Temperatures 3.3.3 Postweld Haat Treatment 3-3 3.4 Production of Charpy Blanks 3-3 3.5 Charpy Impact Testing 3-4 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-1 5.0
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS 5-1 6.0 LIST OF REFERENCES 6-1 J173s-0722H 10 y
LIST OF ILLUSTRAIIONS Figure No. Title . 1.1 Schematic illustration of the IP2 Steam Generator l 2 .1, Schematic Rspresentation of the Sequence of the Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation Program l 3.1 Optical Macrographs Illustrating the As-received Condition of the Boat Sample 3.2 The Microstructure of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Morphology of the Crack and its Relationship to the Local Microstructure . 3.3 Optical Metallography of the Transverse Section of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Heat Affected Zone Microstructure of the Top Weld Bead 3.4 Optical Metallography of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone Microstructure" at_the Top Weld Bead 3.5 Optical Metallography of the Boat Sample Illustratino the Heat Affected Zone Microstructure at the Second Weld Pass , 3.6 Optical Metallography of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone" Microstructure and Knoop Hardness Values at the Second Weld Pass 3.7 Schtmatic. Illustration of the Sectioning Procedure to Machine Sample Blanks for Gleeble Testing. 3.8 Schematic Illustration of (a) Oversized Charpy Blanks for Gleeble Tests and (b) the Charpy V-notch Specimens fr Toughness Tests 3.9 Microstructure of the Test Material from the 1/4T Location of the Nozzle Drop Out. 3.10 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 3 3.11 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 4 i ! 3.12 Visicordar Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 5 l 3.13 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 7 l 3.14 Visicorder T. race of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 3 3.15 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 9 3173s-072264 10 yj
l LIST 0F ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.)
, Figure No. Title 3.16 Visicorder Trtce of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 11 1
3,17 Microstructure Resulting From the 1200*C Quonch Thermal Cycie 4 (Figure 2.10) Sample No. 3 3.18 Microstructure Res'ulting From the 1250*C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.11) Sample No. 4 3.19 k;crostructure Resulting From the 1300*C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.12) Sample No. 5 3.20 Microstructure Resulting From the 1100'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.13) Sample No. 7 3.21 Microstructure Resulting From the 1125'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.14) Sample No. 8 . 3.22 Microstructure Resulting From the 1150*C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.15) Sample No. 9 3.23 Microstructure Resulting From the 1175'C Quench Thermal Cycle (Figure 2.16) Sample No. 11 3.24 Visicorder Trace of the "Quanch and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 33 3.25 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Tempra Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 31 3.26 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
. Sample No. 21 3.27 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Sample No. 20 3.28 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Tempr" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 15 3.29 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 12 3.30 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 18 3.31 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Samp's No. 14 3.32 Microstructure Resulting r~om the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec + 50VC/5 sec.) Sample No. 33 m.-nasu yjg
/
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure No. Titic . 3.33 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 575'C/5 sec.) Sample No. 31 3.34 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 650'C/5 sec.) Sample No. 21 3.35 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 675'C/5 sec.) Sample No. 20 3c36 Microstructure Rasulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 700*C/5 sec.) Sample No. 15 3.37 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec.) Sample No.12 3.38 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150'C/5 sec. + 850*C/5 sec.) Sample No.18 3.39 Microstructure Resulting From the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) Sample No. 14 , 3.40 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.' Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 41 , 3.41 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 49
. 3.42 Visicorder Trace of the "0uench'and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 56 3.43 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 66 3.44 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Samole No. 71 3.45 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 39 3.46 Hardness Transverse Test Results of the Quenched, Tempered and Post Wald Heat Treated Sample (No. 63) From the Production Batch (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) 3.47 Meta 11ography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 41) u n.-omn io yjjj
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure No. Title 3.48 Metallography Results cf the Qu'ench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 49) . 3.49 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150'C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 56) 3.50 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 66) 3.51 Metallography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec.) sample from the production batch (Sample No. 71) 3.52 Meta 11ography Results of the Quench and Temper Cycled and Post Weld Heat Treated (1150*C/5 sec. + 800'C/5 sec. + 540*C/7 hrs.) Sample From the Production Batch (Sample No. 39) 3.53 Charpy Impact Test Results of the Gleeble Simulated HAZ High Hardness Zone in SA302 Grade B Steel i m i u n.-o n a n o jx
l l LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 3-1 Summary of Microhardness Measurement Results of the HA2 Hard Zone of in the Boat Sample 3-2 Chemistry Analysis of the Test Material 4 3-3 Listing of the Peak Temperatures Considered for the Quench Thermal Cycle to Establish Prior Austenite Grain Size 3-4 Listing of the Quench and Temper Thermal Cycles Examined to Establish Target Microstructure 3-5 Summary of Hardness Monitoring Test Results of the "Quench-Temper" Thermal Cycle Microstructures at the Tempering Temperature 0 Examined 3-6 Hardness Monitoring Test Results of the Post-weld Heat-treated Samples at each. Tempering Temperature 3-7 Hardness Monitoring Test Results of the Quality Control Program of the Quench and Temper Thermal Cycled Production Batch of Charpy Blanks 3-8 Summary of Charpy V-Notch Toughness Test Results 3191s-072264 10 g
SECTION 1.0 INTRODljCTION
1.1 Background
During the 1987 inservice inspection of the IP-2 steam generator #22, code rejectable indications were identified on the inside diameter (10) surface. Visual and MT examination of the ID surface revealed cracks in the girth weld area. These incidents of predominately circumferential cracking were reported in References 1 and 2. The Westinghouse Model 44 steam generation shell was fabricated from approximately 4 inch thick SA302 Grade B material. The welds used E8018 filler metal and were post weld heat treated at temperatures ranging from 1000*F (538'C) to 1150*F (620*C) for times ranging from 10-1/2 hours to 3-1/2 hours (ref. 2). Figure 1.1 shows the location of the affected girth weld. Metallurgical investigations were conducted at three independent laboratories (ref.1, 2, and 3) to establish the cause and the mechanism of the cracking. These evaluations concluded that the observed cracking initiated at ID surface pits and progressed transgranularly by a corrosion fatigue mechanism. The examinations also identified the presence of a thin "high hardness zone" (HHZ) adjacent to the fusion zone within the heat affected zone, having an equivalent Rockwell "C" hardness level ranging from 34 to 39, The HHZ however, did not show any relation to the cracking at the weld joint. The presence of the high hardness zone in the boat samples of the heat affected zone of the steam generator welds was unexpected and concerns were raised by the NRC as to the potential influence of the HHZ in promoting the growth of cracks. The purpose of this report is to describe the ,esults and the evaluations of the program designed to address this concern. This program addresses the specific concerns resulting from the possible extension of the observed cracks through the HAZ high hardness zone microstructure. In order to examine the safety margins from cleavage (brittle) fracture condition, this program was designed to evaluate the upper shelf toughness value and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of the high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator weld. u n. e m a ie 11
1.2 Program Objectives The overall objective of the program was to characterize the upper shelf toughness value and the fracture appearanct transition temperature properties of the HAZ high hardness zone of the IP2 steam generator girth weld., The program had two major objectives: o Accurately and consistently reproduce the high hardness zone microstructure in bulk Charpy blanks by employing a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator, o Establish the upper shelf toughness and the fracture appearance transition temperature of the high hardness zone by conducting Charpy impact toughness testing. e e sm. enm to 1-2
SECTION 2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH The following technical approach was followed to achieve the program objectives: .
.The program was carried out under three major tasks: ,
o Characterization of the high hardness zone (HHZ) microstructure and hardness of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld HAZ utilizing the girth weld boat sanples, o Identification of the thermal cycles required to generate the HHZ microstructure in the SA302 Grade B material and production of the HHZ microstructure in Charpy test specimens. o Characterization of the upper shelf toughness and fracture appearance (50% ductile-to-brittle) transition temperature (FATT) properties of the HHZ by Charpy V-notch testing. Material from a nozzle dropout of a SA302 Grade B reactor vessel was obtained for the test program. The first task of the program identified the HHZ
"'arget microstructure", by establishing the prior austenite grain size, microstructure and hardness level. This was achieved by detailed
- metallographic examinations and hardness survey measurements on the transverse sections of a boat sample taken from the IP-2 Steam Generator No 24 girth weld contcining the observed cracking. The results of this boat sample were compared with the results of the boat samples obtained by Consolidated Edison from other laboratories. The results were consistent with each other. The resulting microstructure, grain size and the hardness level were used as the reference for the second task tests.
The microstructure generated in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) is controlled by the different heat inputs received from the multi-weld passes and the chemistry of the base material. SA302 Grade B material produces primarily lath martensite on quenching and bainitic microstructure upon v n,-onw o 2-1 l
tempering. The microstructure associated with the HHZ of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld HAZ is the' coarse grained, slightly tempered lath marten-site, or upper bainite, with a small amount of inter-crystalline (proeutec-toid) transformation product. The prior austenite grain size adjacent to the fusion zone is controlled by the peak temperature due to the primary (closest) . weld pass. The presence of inter-crystalline transformation suggests that the second peak temperature attained from the succeeding (adjacent) weld pass exceeds the A l temperature. The as quenched microstructure is controlled by the dwell time (at peak) and the cooling rate of the primary (quench) thermal cycle, while the extent of tempering is controlled by the cooling rate of the succeeding thermal cycle from the second weld pass. On this basis, the second task of the program established the quench, temper and stress relief thermal cycles on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simt.lator to reproduce accurately the target microstructure over' a 0.25 in, wide region at the center of a four inch long oversized, unnotched Charpy blanks. A systematic and sequential study of the microstructure and hardness level was conducted at each step of the three step thermal cycle to establish the affect of each thermal cycle on, the proceeding microstructure. A range of candidate peak temperatures and time durations were examined for each thermal cycle to identify the critical cycles that would produce the target microstructure. Finally, the third task of the program consisted of conducting Charpy V-notch toughness tests to establish the upper shelf toughness value and the FATT of the HHZ. The Gleeble machine generated oversized Charpy blanks were machined and V-notched to the ASTM specification. The V-notch was positioned to coincide with the center line of the hard zone. The Charpy impact toughness t testing was conducted at temperatures ranging from -300'F to +320*F to obtain a full curve. The upper shelf toughness value and the 50% ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was determined from the Charpy curve. l The flow sequence of various tasks of the program is shown in Figure 2.1. l i l l
== 2-2
SECTION 3.0 EVALVATIONS AND TESTS 3.1 Target Microstructure and Hardness Level - Boat Sample Examinations A boat sample containing the cracks from the transition cone to upper shell weld joint from the IP2 steam generator No. 24 was utilized to establish the target microstructure and hardness level of the HAZ high hardness zone. Metallographic examinations were conducted by light optical microscopy on a series of sections taken transverse to the weld. Figure 3.1 illustrates the as-received surface condition of the boat sample, which was oriented transverse to the girth weld. The metallographic examination results of the boat sample are illustrated in Figures 3.2 through 3.6 and in Table 3.1, 3.2 Test Material and Test Specimens Plate material from a SA302 Grade B reactor vessel nozzle drop out was utilized for the test program. Approximately 0.75 in thick and 1.25 in, thick slices were blanked out initially from the 1/4T and 3/4T Iqcations respectively of a 25 in. x 6 in. x 10.5 in, section of the nozzle drop out. Oversized 4 in. x 0.472 in. x 0.472 in. Charpy blanks were machined from the 1/4T and 3/4T slices. The sectioning procedure employed is illustrated in Figure 3.7 which included the specimen identification procedure. The blanks were oriented transverse to the rolling direction of the plate material. A total of 81 Charpy blanks were machined from the plate material for the test program. Figure 3.8(a) illustrates the geometry of the oversized blanks. Metallographic examinations, hardness survey measurements and wet chemistry analysis were conducted on the test material to examine whether it conformed to the specification requirements. The microstructure of the test material is shown in Figure 3.9. The chemical analysis shows that the test material meets SA 302 Grade B rec;uirements (Table 3.2). The geometry of the finished Charpy V-notch test specimens made from the post-Gleeble tested Charpy blanks for Charpy tcughness testing is illustrated in Figure 3.8(b). The center line of the V-notch was positioned to coincide with the original thermocouple position m .-o nen to 31
on the oversize blanks. The V-notch specimens were oriented to locate the f.racture plane of the broken Charpys to correspond to the circumferential cracking plane seen in the steam generator shell. 3.3 Establishing Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycles to Simulate Target Microstructure 3.3.1 Simulation of Quench Thermal Cycles Quench tests were run in the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator with peak temperatures of 1100'C (2012'F),1200*C (2192*F),1250*C (2282*F) and 1300*C (2372*F). The samples were heated at a rate of approximately 65'C (150*F) per second, held for five seconds at the peak temperature and were allowed to cool in still air. Metallographic examinations were then carried out on the test samples to determine the prior austenite grain size. Based on the results so obtained, additional test were conducted on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator with peak temperatures at 1125'C (2057'F),1150'C (2102*F) and 1175'C (2147'F) to precisely identify the target temperature. Metallographic examinations were then conducted and the prior austenite grain size established. A listing of the specimen ident,ification numbers and quench target peak temperatures utilized in the quench thermal cycling is presented in Table 3-2. The time-temperature traces of the quench thermal cycles from the Visicorder charts are illustrated in Figures 3.10 through 3.16. The . microstructure and prior austenite grain size, corresponding to each of the quench thermal cycles, are illustrated in Figures 3.17 through 3.23. 3.3.2 Selection of. Appropriate Tempering Temperature To simulate a multipass weld HA2 structure, the as quenched microstructure was tempered by subjecting the sample to a second thermal cycle in the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. A number of short duration tempering operations were conducted at 500'C (932*F), 550'C (1022*F), 575'C (1067'F), 600*C + (1112*F), 650*C (1202*F), 675'C (1247'F), 700*C (1292'F), 800'C (1471*F), and 850*C (1562'F) and held for five seconds. Each sample was initially heated to 1150'C (2102*F) and held for five seconds to produce the desired grain size v n..o m se ,o 3.g
prior to the temper operation. Tro samples underwent each thermal cycle, one for metallographic examination, and the other would be postweld heat treated as described in Section 3.3.3. A listing of the specimen identification numbers and the temper thermal cycle considered is presented in Tables 3-3 and F4. The time-temperature traces of the quench and temper cycles as recorded on the Visicorder chart from each of the samples are illustrated in Figures 3.24 through 3.31. Sample No. 14 received a furnacs stre n relief at 540*C (1000*F) for seven hours following the' quench and temper cycles. Optical metallography and micro-hardness testing were conducted on each of the tempered specimens to examine the microstructure and hardness level to compare alth the target microstructure. The optical metallographic examination .results illustrating the micro-structure of the hard zone corresponding to each of the temper temperatures are presented in Figures 3.32 to 3.39. The results of the micro-hardness survey are summarized in Table 3.5. 3.3.3 Postweld Heat Treatment The postweld heat treatmen.t'(PWHT) operation conducted on the steam generator Bi rth weld was simulated by a 7 hour, 540'C (1000'F) furnace stress relief
%reatment on the two step thermal cycled samples covering the range of tempering temperatures. Metallographic examinatiens and micro-hardness traverse measurements were conducted on the post weld heat treated samples to examine the hardness level in comparison with the target hardness level. The results are summarized in Table 3.6.
3.4 Production of Charpy Blanks with Target Microstructure and Hardness Levels Each sample was subjected to a two-step thermal cycle of 1150*C (2102*F) maximum temperature with a five second. hold followed by a tempering operation at 800'C (1471*F) of five seconds. This two-step operation was conducted using the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. To ensure reproducibility, every sixth sample was taken and metallurgically examined to monitor the microstructure and hardness level. Hardness traverse testing was conducted on the palished sections of the control samples to monitor the mean and peak hardness levels of the hard zone, me. mme
The hardness monitoring test results from each of the control samples (evory sixth sample) from the production batch of Gleeble tested samples are summarized in Table 3.7. In addition, sample No. 39 received a post weld heat treatment. The time-temperature traces of the control samples as recorded by the Visicorder chart are illustrated in Figures 3.40 through 3.45. The results of the optical metallographic examination of the control samples from the production batch, illustrating the quenched and tempered microstructures obtained prior to the post-weld heat treatment are shown in Figures 3.47 through 3.52. The production samples were then post weld heat treated in two batches and one contrcl sample from each batch was destructively examined for the target microstructure and hardness level of the hardness zone.. The results of the hardness traverse testing are typically illustrated graphically in Figure 3.46. Twenty-five post weld heat treated samples containing the target structure at the center of each 4-inch x 0.472 in x 0.472 in, blanks were utilized for machining into ASTM Charpy V-notch specimens. 3.5 Charpy Toughness Testing ASTM Charpy V-notch test specimens were machined with the V-notch positioned at the center of the high hardness zone. Charpy toughness tests wern conducted at test temperatures ranging from -184*C (-300*F) to +160'C (+320*F). The results are summarized in Table 3.8 and are graphically represented in Figure 3.53. vn.-onsu,o 34
TABLE 3-1
SUMMARY
OF MICR0 HARDNESS MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF THE HAZ HARD ZONE-SEEN-lN THE IP-2 BOAT SAMPLE Mean Peak Equivalent KHN KHN Rockwell 'C' Sample (500gms) (500gms) Number No. Location Mean/ Peak 1 Crack Tip Region 224 242 95/?S (Rockwell 'B') 2 First Weld Pass HAZ Hard Zone 354 363 35/36 3 Second Weld Pass HAZ Hard Zone 357 380 36/38 4 Third Weld Pass HAI Hard Zone 338 363 33/36 4 1 i un.-onm so 3.s
e - _ .- .- TABLE 3-2 CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS OF THE TEST MATERIAL Element Content Wt% Test Material SA 302B Requirements C 0.22 0.25 max Mn 1.39 1.15 - 1.50 P 0.010 0.035 max S 0.021 0.04 max Si 0.19 0.15 - 0.4 - Mo 0.50 0.45 - 0.60 Ni 0.19 0.2 max Fe Ba1. Bal.
*l.
nn.-ems ie 3-6
TABLE 3-3 LISTING OF THE PEAK TEMPERATURES CONSIDERED FOR THE "0VENCH" THERMAL CYCLE TO ESTABLISH THE TARGET PRIOR AUSTEN!TE GRAIN SIZE
~
i Sample Peak Temperature No. (5 secs at peak) 2 1100'C 3 1200'C 4 1250'C 5 1300'C 7 1100*C 8 1125'C 9 1150*C
. 11 1175'C L
i l l f 4 vn. enm ,o 3.] l L
TABLE 3-4 LISTING OF THE "OUENCH AND TEMPER" THERMAL CYCLES EXAMINE 0 TO ESTABLISH TARGET MICROSTRUCTURE Specimen Quench and Temper ID No. Thermal Cycle 33 1150*C/5 see + 500*C/5 see 31 1150*C/5 see + 575'C/5 sec 21 1150*C/5 see + 650*C/5 see 20 1150'C/5 see + 675'C/5 see 15 1150'C/5 see + 700'C/5 see 12 1150'C/5 see + 800'C/5 see 18 1150*C/5 see + 850*C/5 see 14* 1150'C/5 see + 800*C/5 see + 540*C/7 hrs. O Sample #14 under went furnace stress relief at 540*C (1000'F) for 7 brs, following the quench and temper thermal cycling on the Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulator. ) 1 mwansu ra 38
. TABLE 3-5
SUMMARY
OF HARDNESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE "QUENCH-TEMPER" THERMAL CYCLE >!ICR0 STRUCTURES AT TEMPERING TEMPERATURES EXAMINED , Tempering Hardness, Average / Maximum Temperature,* p C HV1 c 500 378/384 39/39 550 348/358 36/37 575 323/334 32/34 600 305/309 30/31 650 299/311 30/31 675 338/355 34/36 700 374/426 38/43 800 499/511. 49/50 850 498/511 49/50
- The duration of tempering was five seconds. Each sample was heated to 1150*C and held for five seconds before tempering.
im. emu io 39
TABLE 3-6 HARDNESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE POSTWELD HEAT-TREATED SAMPLES AT EACH TEMPERING TEMPERATURE Tempering Hardness, Average /idaximum Temperature,* R C HV1 c 500 339/343 34/35 550 341/348 34/35 575 334/339 33/34 600 309/317 31/32 650 306/339 31/34 675 295/301 29/30 700 301/317 30/32 800 371/378 38/39 850 361/368 37/38 0 Each sample was heated to 1150*C before tempering and postweld heat treated at 1000'F (approximately 540*C) for seven hours after tempering. I n n.-emu io 3-10
1, TABLE 3-7 HARDNESS MONITORING TEST RESULTS OF THE QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM 0F THE QUENCH AND TEMPER THERMAL CYCLE 0 PRODUCTION BATCH OF CHARPY BLANKS Hardness Measurement Results of the Hard Zone
-Specimen Quench and Temper Thermal Cycle Rockwell 'C' No. __Vickers Mean Peak Mean Peak 41 1150*C/5 sees + 800*C/5 secs, 497 515 49 50 49 1150'C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 489 498 48 49 56 1150*C/5 secs + 800'C/5 secs. 493 515 49 50 66 1150*C/5 secs + 809'C/5 secs, 486 507 48 50 71 1150*C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 497 515' 49 50 39* 1150*C/5 secs + 800*C/5 secs. 363 384 37 39 plus 540*C/7 hrs
\ O Sample 39 v,as also subjected to furnace stress relief treatment following quench and temper thermal cycle on the Gleeble machine. 4 un. enas io 3 11
, -. , , . . . - p , ,, - - - - - , - - - - -,
TABLE 3-8
SUMMARY
OF CHARFY V-NOTCH TOUGHNESS TEST RESULTS Specimen Test Impact lateral Brittle Serial Identifi- Temp Strength Expansion Fracture - Number cation No. (*F) (ft-lbs) (in) (%) 1 65 -300 6.5 0.000 95 2 76 -300 8.5 0.000 95 3 44 -200 11.0 0.000 95 4 62 -200 8.5 0.000 95 5 50 -150 12.0 0.002 75 6 69 -150 20.0 0.010 52 7 79 -100 15.5 0.005 65 8 34 -100 39.0 0.016 0 9 51 -50 53.0 0.027 0 10 81 -50 44.0 0.021 0 11 54 0 50.5 0.028 0 12 72 0 48.5 0.025 0 13 75 0 55.0 0.034 0 14 40 76 59.0 0.031 0 15 64 76 63.5 0.035 0 16 67 76 52.0 0.027 0 17 36 160 71.5 0.037 0 18 68 160 63.0 0.036 0 19 53 240 61.0 0.034 0 20 70 240 56.0 0.029 0 21 35 320 58.0 0.033 0 22 73 3 2 '.~ 61.5 0.050 0 n n.-e n ne io 3-12
SECTION 4.0 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the boat sample examinations are illustrated in Figures 3.1 through 3.6. Figure 3.1 illustrates the as-received surface condition of the boat sample. The boat sample was taken transverse to the steam generator girth weld and contained two circumferential cracks adjacent to the weM. Figure 3.1(a) illustrates the top surface appearance of the boat sample wh d corresponded to the ID surface of the steam generator shell. Evidence of surface pitting can be seen here. The weld region at the center of the boat sample containing cracking was surface masked by chalk line marking apparently made at the site. The metallographic examination results of the crack-tip region on a boat section taken transverse to the weld are illustrated in Figure 3.2. .The microstructure here corresponded to that of tempered bainite. Microhardness measurements made in this region suggested an equivalent average Rockwell 'B' number of 95. Meta 11ographic examination results of the top weld pass heat affected zone are illustrated in Figures 3.3 and 3.4. Microhardness traverse measurement results suggested the presence of a 2 to 3 mil thick coarse grained hard zone adjacent to the weld fusion zone. The hard zone corresponded to an average hardness level of 35 Rockwell 'C'. with an equivalent peak Rockwell 'C' number of 36. The microstructure of the hard zcne illustrated in Figure 3.4 showed a slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite. The metallographic examination results of the second weld pass heat affected zone are illustrated in Figures 3.5 and 3.6. The microstructure here corresponded to a slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite. Evider.ce of some grain boundary transformation, indicating that the hard zone was heated above the A tempersture, was seen in tha microstructure. 1 Microhardness measurements of the coarse grained hard zone here corresponded to an equivalent average Rockwell 'C' hardness number of 36 and an equivalent l peak Rockwell 'C' hardness number of 38. The hardness measurement results of ! the boat sample are summarized in Table 3.1. Grain size meacurements of the HHZ.of both weld passes showed an average ASTM grain size number of 5-6. The l overall results on the microstructure and hardness levels of the hard zone in I the current boat sample were in general agreement with those of the other boat vn.-omss so 41 m = w -e- -- - - - g
s samples examined elsewhere (Reference 2). On a conservative basis, the "tar'get microstructure" was chosen te have a 37 mean and 39 peak Rockwell 'C' hardness level with an AST*: prior austenite grain size number of 5-6, consisting of slightly tempered lath martensite or upper bainite structure. The sectioning procedure employed to prepare oversizcd Charpy blanks from the material from D4 T and 3/4 T locations of the nozzle dropout is illustrated in Figure 3.7. The orientation of the notch in the Charpy blanks (Figure 3.8) corresponded to the circumferential cracking plane of the steam generator shell. The chemistry analysis results of the test material shown in Table 3.2 confirmed that it meets the SA 302 Grade B steel requirements. The test material microstructure is showi. in Figu.e 3.9. The microstructure corresponds to that of a tempered bainite. No material abnormalities were ssen. Surface hardness, measurements of the polished material from 1/4 T location showed an average Rockwell 'B' value of 92. Figures 3.10 through 3,16 illustrate the Visicorder traces of the quench thermal cycles recorded from samples run with peak temperatures ranging from 1100*C (2102*F) to 1300*C (2372*F). The resulting microstructures are illustrated in Figures 3.17 through 3.23. The candidats peak temperatures conside.ed for quench thermal cycle are listed in Table 3.3. As can be seen, the 1100*C and 1200' ask temperature cycles produced prior austenite grain sizes smaller and larger respectively than that of the target microstructure. Evaluation of microstructures resulting from peak temperatures between 1100'C and 1175*C (Figures 3.20 through 3.23) indicated that quench thermal cycles corresponding to the peak temperature of 1150*C produce a prior austenite ASTM grain size of approximately 5-6, consistent with the target microstructure. Micruhardness measurements taken on this as quenched microstructure suggested equivalent Rockwell 'C' hardness ranging from M to 50. On this basis, the 1150*C peak temperature quench thermal cycle was selected as the reference cycle for simulating the target microstructure. Figures 3.24 through 3.31 illustrate the Visicorder traces of the two step quench and temper thermal cycles considered for the evaluation of the effect of tempering on tiac 1150*C quench cycle. A listing of the candidate thermal cycles examined for the cwo step operation is provided in Table 3-4. The
'- ' * " 4-2
candidate peak temper temperatures ranged from 500'C to 800*C. Sample No. 29 - listed here received an additional post weld heat treatment of 540 C (1000'F) for 7 hour's. The resulting microstructures are illustrated in Figures 3.32 through 3.39. The microstructures primarily consisted of tempered lath martensite or bainite with some inter-crystalline transformation. The hardness survey results of the quench and temper two step cycled microstructures are summarized in Table 3-5. Table 3-6 summarizes the hardness survey results of the quench and temper cycle samples following the 540'C (1000*F)/7 hours furnace post weld heat treatment. The results show that the thermal cycle treatment corresponding to the 800*C temper closely matches the target microstructure requirement in the post weld heat treated condition. Table 3-7 illustrates the hardness survey results of the control samples taken (every sixth sample) from the production batch of samples which received the two-step reference quench and temper (1150*C/5 see + 800*C/5 see) thermai cycle treatment. The Visicorder traces of the thermal cycles recorded from test specimens are illustrated in Figures 3.40 through 3.45 and the resulting .microstructures in Figures 3.47 through 3.52. The hardness maasurement results listed in Table 3-7 show a consistency in the reproduci-bility of the hardness levels. The hardness survey results (37 mean and 30 peak Rockwell "C") of sample 39 which received an additionul post weld hea-treatment confirms that the production batch of samples meet the target microstructure requirement in post weld heat treated condition. Figure 3.4S illustrates the-hardness traverse plot of the HHZ produced at the center of sample No. 63 from the production batch, following post weld heat treatment. The Chcrpy V-Notch w$s centered on the thermoccuple position of the test specimen. The hardness traverse shown here clearly demonstrates that the sample contained the target microstructure over a width of better than 0.25 in and that the fracture plane of the Charpy impact specimens is expected to be well within the target microstructure zone. The results of the Charpy impact test conducted on the ASTM V-notch specimens machined from the un-notched Charpy blanks, are summarized in Table 3-8. The results are graphically illustrated in Figure 3.E3. The results show that the mnemn ,o 4-3
, _ . . - - . - - - - - . .c- .m,. - - . , . . , - -_ _ ._
high hardness zone microstructure reaches an upper shelf value of approxima-tely. 59 f t ibs at a minimum temperature of 78'F. This compares with the' room temperature Charpy toughness. values of 69 to 79 ft-lbs reported for the unaffected base metal from the upper shell and transition cone ragions (Reference-2). The fracture appearance of the broken halves showed a fractura , appearance transition temperature (FATT) based on the 50% brittle fracture corresponded to -115'F. These result's show that any extention of cracking into the HHZ is clearly expected to be a ductile fracture,
'I O
1 vn.-onus to 44
SECTION 5.0 ;
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS l Based on the results of the current evaluations, it is concluded that o The HAZ high hardness zone of the IP-2 stsam generator girth weld can be accurately and consistently reproduced in SA302 grade B bulk samples using a Gleeble weld thermal cycle simulitor. o The HAZ high hardness zone has an upper shelf toughness value comparable to that of the base metal. The Charpy V-notch test results showed that the high hardness zonc microstructure has an upper shelf toughness value of approximately 59 ft. Ibs. o The Che py toughness test results further showed that the high hardness zone has a fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of -115'F. o The overall results of the evaluations showed that any exteasion of the ID surface cracking into the high hardness zone of the IP-2 steam generator girth weld is not likely to result in cleavage (brittle) fracture, but is expected to be a ductile fracture, v n.-on usso 51
SECTION 6.0 LIST OF REFERENCES
- 1. Czajkowski, C. J. "Investigation of Shell Cracking on the Steam Generators at Indian Point Unit No. 3," Brookhaven National Laboratory, NRC Report NUREG/CR-3281, 1983.
- 2. "Indian Point Unit 2 Steam Generator Girth Weld Repair," Westinghouse Class 2 Report Nc. STD-7.3.4-8105,1987.
- 3. "Circumferential Weld Boat Sample from Steam Generator 32, Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant" Technical Report No. 7154 by Lucius Pilkin Inc. for the Power Authority of the State of New York.
- 4. W. H. Bamford and Y. S. Lee, "Fracture Sensitivity Study of Girth Weld No. 6 Repaired Configuration at Indian Point Unit 2" Westinghouse Class 3 Report No. WCAP-11850, May 1988.
i v n,-orsan ,o 6-1 1
STEAM #0llt! VL,Wg, . .,c .- lg.I ~ m. , , , , M . . . , j i in P k; Y - urece snett
-]i]U & ,l f wN ' MN' m i
I
;[ E C riccuren ozztt -
i 41 . l% ( O ed* Ax y CONE Tau sition cent O f+ TRANSITION TO UPPER SHELL
, JJ / WELD JOINT
,\
" :: < ; l
./
%K III tuit sunstr N' 3;)' , ,
4 42r !g 'o* 5"(a 2 L4 ,
' :t;ill 'r i V ,
i 1Jr il fi i -) P, r i G : c 1 MA r ! J i: h '
,' 7/f k y' s- 1: s. ,
Jv . PRIMARY Outtti
,,iMuy intn $3 "
l Figure 1.1 Schematic Illustration of the IP2 Steam Generator Showing the Locati.. of the Transition oone to Upper Shell Weld Joint Where Cracking was Observed
CHARPY OVERSIZE BLANKS
- l
,, , l
. N0 ,,' ' -
QUENCH ' " ~ " " " " " ' " " " " * ' , O[ ','I'
'.g )
CYCLE s-- ,, I t COMPARE N0 l P x GRAIN j GIREWELD SIZE f OK BOAT I OK ,' -
/ " NO ,','WCRO SAMPLE TEMPER ....../-'i . / 't...... 4 4', STRUCN & ')>
CYCLE ' )WONESS,,/ u ; u
. TARGET coveAer N0 i HHZ wasum - ,
& HARONESS PROPERTIES f OK OK
- i POST WE!D ............/ 't.......g<<,'yo ,, HARDNESS ',,
HEAT TREATMENT , j 4
. 4 l N0
- COMPARE - :
l HARDNESS :
; l OK
- v :
! CHARPY BLANKS :
i WifH TARGET HHZ !
- y :
'EI*' ! VERIFY !
',,' CONE 0L -
' No
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v' , SAM P LES , THERMAL
. , /,. , . . . .j . . . .
- CYCLES i'""""""""' i OK r
RNISHED CHARPY SAMPLES Figure 2.1 Schematic Representation of the Technical Approach Illustrating the Flow Sequence of Various Steps of the Gleeble Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation Program
4-l 1 l l 4, 3 [ . '; a L s;
&.} ; $"
l3.5Xl (a) TCsP VIEW arm, . a: . rm%',:,,[.
'h p.? /. ./%. Q[l l/- ~?~ ; ,lll '
Qy ,
. ,.?, <, -
' . 7; pyn,a+; . ; >. ~' ys:4;j. np w - -: j: -
'fS (, ;if,$fiiG! 7;,.. e ? ,'*-
fy/r(jk 4
- g. m.s g.L , QMa%:~L ;jj f
? k *;u.
l
, p;pj% g % :t <
pj:Q_dW;(lk yRWm ,l ,y 3 w
. y; , , ; 4;ts.+ f
.y j/!; ,.,
l 0/c ~. ??. < - / ,, 9/ i ,
.p.rlf:,'
' ',{? L A2 +
54.0 Ubf: ';W ' .
,f '
g-y ,:- - . -
;/* "
4 s .-
,;/ )
~
, ;]
. a .._ _ m . a l1OXl (b) SIDE \'lEW Figure 3.1 Light Optical Macrographs Illustrating the As-received Condition of the Boat Sample
, mms .,i .; }' .
l x
,. o o
dQ 9^ f :g' ' S 4O l C g
@gefy'r v& l q
'j g y%lg%L@ {' sL5 ; yNJk' ;
.' r
- xp h:k ' P l
$" ~ %g7 ) !
I T ip% e4 , {E x 3 , M.4 *.. a K C A N , ,.t 2$ h 'u R j%~ ^, %, i , gh ,
!*. r L C
}p%
1 t s 3 ]c n[3* 2~ fhn ~ . iy y@
~)!lae% v& y' a W ,,
M@A 'lT?khp} k: . a. f g S%y[ j :f , b: N a;64N ads?a;9tgh%h;3{I Y ) h d" . nkf
?
f
;. b s"r f
~
1I&
> ; r
< . d' l
x
~,.
o
, o t
l gl
- a' na i c t o
- aL r t e sh r ut l l o I t ep li ph ms an
~
So i tt aa
& - ~ Be ol R
f e is tt [S i e f Fg od
!! l n e x sa o
9 t l k s uc m l sa er RC 5
- ye hh
=;
pt a rf go o l ye l gr aou tlt eoc 2 Mhu 3 pr l rt e r aos cM o u i r g t ec i phi F OtM
* . . - !~ '
( p
.?
6 y
;i -
,7,
.u !
.~
N w 7 (1 1 e
+
l 11
, .i, J
', f
-,.as~
l3.oxl
, n ... ,.
~ '
l' ..
~
Nb }?hk, f
~, i- .n; !
.w4h:.
y.., sx- , cw .. *v:...
,5 . . ;jm. , s.. ~ p. &
~ .yy u
,v a,,s..<. .
- x. .. s.>m.
p., MM .4 . .--.*:- > t hv. "~ ? ^ n ss. .. #% .? w -: -
.,gr, ' Y~g; _
I$- ., . fu . . - ? '. '
.?'
_ ,;:3.,. l- g *,. -g 'y_.g, . ' . w
. 4 . ?.. ,f...'J'.
- .'. 'g'; .4
*y..._ ; _) . , ; ' _ ~
l 50XI Figure 3.3 Optical Metallography Results of the Transverse Section of the l Boat Sample Illustrating the Heat Affected Zone Microstructure of the Top Weld Bead
u . - . . . ..-:. a .:s : , ; ;y . . , ,; : , ;. . s 'm
$h.l' ,b ! .hh
.g e
N @? di gk ,$!M.f3[.%,$h. f@
/44p : f. .
3 > $p # 4" .$:. fad 6 D'M Q.[s,.6?'[',, q
%.scx.:;p.y;-... .% !P - h. ; *y
; 4 . t. .: c,.. ,:: =., ,: y ..r.
.. . 9 ,m ~L
.Q ;; ' ;;f ;;;;> v i, j .-? ~ ' i. ,' ,;# p- L k -+> '
? $
, Y- -
kb sam)d&%g-xfMwMtm
#G*
'I
-. Ck N5h) t':k MI D.a N > .
k f;3 'freg $k%P?WD?:
?keh?h? khbi "8I'b ',
h; 1*g
, t: :,y W"
@v..}./M,,k.'hd.f'fN$EV., '."'
,- w .. w ~V.f,-
? y . . .
c c:O 's g n- . . ,
,g C'((i a f
,9 ~. 1
- g. <. . , Q(.:pt;9 .. &,, . . -y y .
- . .' x . . .k i m.
l500xl Figure 3,4 Optical Meta 11ography Results of the Boat Sample Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness Zone Microstructure" Associated With the Tcp Weld Bead
M s 1' u W 2., h), u u%* g. 4 . .,l;gj.
..;. i, A t
' ?9, .
.-2
\3.ON p
~~~
;'?. s *
..=~. ..
i 5 y.- 6 ' \ D 1
^ gBN
- .A 5009 # 363 y.cG^
~
%. y ..
4 p~A c. p e$$$. pp.,W
,.n./p rp$d
..xg, g , q,s e 7 .;h p ww$ .4rs b h'f}9~ p
~
Qj *
. ..: ..f, s,
- r- ' ...;
V ". 6 .%
. Me .;.oo?.
y
* & i . gb: a , c .w.m%%w . . . qw%
. zA .mb e
,- .;tw
,, .. . e
' ge (Cg.-
* *; v.G9.9 t +, w/.c &L&;JT6:yp, a> ^
w pOO e: ,' , 3:.y. a ... y n .a L j,, w. Q xpv' a v.\.;,,,.Ap)34 . 1p'*;.#:. w. m3- V ri;k x f-Q ; Y';, t';0:,Nl%e . qW e ' J n c h
'.-;D w N.k:.y,^ce *- <'y?;%nQ~
ffy *,.. gp ~s b m> q 6:i$). . , ,. m .:.. ,;;;y
.p .g;(-[ '
, . ;, k
*'s,,mg::[f - c.
c .9,,.~q h. {$ S . M;Q %. . ..W
.. n
,~ .
p .'"A)i' '6. f ?'l s , p $, h' 2 ,
. 7 .. . , -
.N
,,,nl;
- .N;'y3;,w ' ~.hshq~ , pi7g- ,m a
- f'
-pD.;,nl.^(,' fe N$:?u.$- p.;:f'*.
7,, e <,1 g; zp c. ;> )* # s n [j,f;g h,Y Y.f_l
. Th@kE )4.,w,6
~.
- .n . < .
- i. 3 %
-** ..b pgg ure 3 5
'{500'b O9t\C'\ getalgogf59h3 gesult5 g the g sam? ' ,
gfat\n9 the Beat M i\ 6 70"" g5cf05gfoctufe g33ccTa d Mggg the sec0Bd VeTd Pas 5
m k,' W[ '% , . . .
,q 9 w l. < 352l KHN
.9.v .3.
',MN s $..y -Js
, 5 s. b e r -a a-,
~Q.380lKHN
.9 370l KHN
. - ;e
, - e&n 3.
c+ x .; gf@...!3 . 61 l KHN 4.hWCfn
.,, m x y 3,n wea: 'r . c - -
- . s; ,;.7 y.
,I y; F .
1
.g.4.i,a .' :+. ; -,j , r-
- M s.
y
.7 .,,.,
- .j /, :ja..,,'.x
.s. r
~.c . m;.-
y.
, . . . .?p
; y i ;. '1 n +
; 4 3
1 s 9 i.'. q
. ' z f, '
a 1
.. & [. . ' .- ( ' .
p ': < c
<.' ^ .b1-m $- ,; . , ,
i '-
~.
- Y . 7 b q?.b' :. .' .
f .
- e r < .
J, 4.
.l'.,
f(gy r .'u) * , , . .'". e j ic- 5 -
% ? ., .i,,,,,7 ,. ,iv,
- - e.-
g%s. : . s '
.r .< .
- y. , ' ,
-.s, is - -
1N ' :V - 5: $ < f i:[ , T.Y l100xl lHAZl l WELD l 4 ;1. ,. .. h. , ,..,. N'. [A',bm
,, s 43 gi y
. , . ,q.m
- r:, +. . , . , , y ,.l .
f ..W.W'O-g p hf. 3 v ...,
- n. . -. .ucr; .;:,n,y..n..:..:.r .
s e.
- g. <y. .y ,4 >,.
x .::v,.v. sc)m);, , :. e,. ,' v.,
...,n..
. o:
g . . t
; - >e +
e.< . . . Figure 3.6 -
- ). . '. 's'
<i '
,,y** 's r' nQ' e21,';- - ].p Y'-^'j< Y%.a- x~ 9,'*
Optical Metallography Results of the Boat Sample ' .' ' iy ry%g.7.:q.g,.,_ggMlg, . * . Illustrating the Details of the "High Hardness , a.: - e 4 c e uM;.W> ~'. --?
=.1 ' . .
. 2; ,. s 9, ,gy-.. A .J.s - ,j, , y, 9 .V w - h.,u..-I e -m. :,11. h/
- t Zone" Microstructure and Knoop Hardness Values 5 %. ;c ..
t , 9.'. ~M. .
. ;t s
- x. .
Associated with the Second Weld Pass .'. ; ;. , . s.,a. m
-..r ..e.j4m,. z ./y; gk..m,_. vR.o
.. . p p.-
,e 4..;p
,.p o.;:w; s .a.e n c .o n ug -
, 'd . -
2O2M;.
- 'd. -
&) y i'zD; AREA M8.iDifiMlZl"A" lSoox
% , u siosi Roll S25" ection 41/8 A302B Steel 6" Rolling Sheet from -
Direction Nonte Dropout 29'/[,, gg , 41/8 y 4 -114 T Slice
' 29' 41/8" -
j / %r /
/ / 4 118"
/
N '
/***~* fj('
, 1/4Tt 2 518'.
+ R, .
p
/ > TYPI '"I y s
3/4 T t / * [ """ 41/8" < x' N I -314T Slice 25" ,5 Sample 10f
.' cnemical
\ " '
/ '/
Analysis N" 6 10 1/2" 4 118" , O ,,,, ,e , 41/8'
/e,, e
,e,','
e , Rott Diredion
/
~
1 i s, ,[ Typical n Figure 3.7 Schematic Illustration of the Sectioning Procedure Employed to Machine Sample Blanks for Gleeble Testing from a SA302 Grade B Material Nozzle Drop Out.
. . . -. . .. .. - - . . . ., . . ~ . . , -
t i 1 Ows,l+291850 I 0.472" ( 12 mm) L
- 4.000 * .005 : ;
0.472" ( 101. 6 mm) (12 mm) ( a) Oversized Charpy Blank Utilized for Gleeble Tests 45' i l'
/ '\
V) ' a
. 01 R m j ) ,
. 315 * . 001 6 .
1.058 *.002 2.115 i .005
' ( b) Charpy V-Notch Test Spetimen Utilized for Toughness Tests , Figure 3.8 Schematic Illustration of the Specimen Geometry Employed for the (a) Oversized Charpy Blanks for Gleeble Tests and (b) the - Charpy V notch Specimens for Toughness Tests
b y.' . h 3 t
%t
; rY ....
e 4 s < d ..- , kQ CUT $2 . [ ... j_ ; t' ~
, ?,.~
y:%%~j,. ,,. *' n ..
- t-Av.hs: he*A 1- s l500X i
ft/ I {' 7: W' -
, .t.
*'. g 'g
)
M ' n .i f.h - g
' *. ic
. . R r t l J i
L }@N . , l200xl l Figure 3.9 Microstructure of the Test Material from the 1/4T Location of ! the Nozzle Drop Out.
e curve 755728-8 Peak Temp. =1200*C Sample 3 1200 C = n 2' 3 4 Specimen $ Thermocouple {
~
i
- 1. _f e ,
5 sec Reference
/ Thermocouple
. Time Figure 3.10 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 3 (Peak Temp. at 1200*C)
bEEE b 8 7 2 7 5 C 5
- 7 0 5 4 e 2 v 1 r .
u = o C
. N p4 m e e e Tl l
p p m k am ea S a PS e l c y C l d a e m lp r c e u e h no e oc s T 5 h mm c
= icr ee V n ph e
u ST Q C e m e 0 i T h) 5 tC 2 1 f0 e o5 2 lp e1 u c e c o c : at ra no T em r e r rp f eh e em de RT rT o ck i a se i P V( 1 1 3 e r u g i F
Curve 755731-8 Peak Temp. =1300 C 1300 C : Sample 5 t s, Specimen e Thermocouple. y "d. 5 I l
!; :l 5sec Reference
[ Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.12 Visicorder Trace of the Quench Thermal Cycle. Sample No. 5 (Peak Temp. at 1300 C)
a u I& a%%E# B 3 3 7 C 5 - 5 0 7 0 e 1 v 1 r u = 7 t . p m7 e e N o Tl p e k am ea l p PS m a S
)' .
e c l c e s y 5 C l l e Lf a p m u r no e oc h e m im le T cr ee p h u c ph e c o n C S T noc e u 0 emr r e Q 0 e e m 1 f eh i T e 1 RT h) tC [ f0 o0
- 1 e1 c
at ra T rp em de rT o ck ia se iP V( 3 1 3 e r u g i F
jl l u l' a?gj . s m s C s
- 5
, 2 . 1 r 1 o
c = p
. 8 m8 o e e Tl p N k
a e a m l e PS p m a S t_- s e l c y c C e e lp s l u S a no m e oc ir r e mm h icr ee T ph S T h
' c n
C e le u
? 2 p
u e Q 1 e o m e 1 c no c i T h) em r e r tC f5 f e o2 eh 1 RT : e1 c [ at ra T rp em dd rT o ck ia se i P V( 4 1 3 e r u _ g i F L lll ' l llllll i,l1 i)lllll l llll 1
) llll 65%b@#
b 9 9 . 2 7 C o 5'2
- N 7 0 5
. l e l l w
r p u = m C a
. S p9 m .
ee Tl p e l k c a m y e a PS C l a l m
- r e
c h e e T l s p S h u c no e c p n e o u i mm Q cr e e e e
= ph S T i m h) tC T
- f0
, o5 C 1 e1 0 e c 5 lp at 1 u
- ra 1
e o T cc no rp emr r em de f e e rT eh o R T ck ia [ se iP V( 5 1 _ 3 e r u g i F t l1ll1 l ll llll ll l l
ll 1 1 b3*a5- . o N 8 e l 04 p 7, C m
*, a I' 5 S 7 . 1 v 1 i .
C u
= l e
p 1 c y m 1 C e e Tl l p k a a ea m m r PS e h l T h . c c e n e s e lp 5 u u e Q no e oc h i m e T h) i mm tC cr f5 ee ph le p o7 S T 1 u e1
- e o c :
c noc at ra em r T C f e r e . eh rp 5 R T em 7 de 1 1 [ rT o ck ia se iP V( 6 1 3 e r u g i F 9 I l lI 1 ,lll l' ll l 1 ll1'
--,r--- - - - - - - - - - - .
4 i <~. x IN,$.e 'W /gj O
/a ,w i.1 o yQ3 QDQt
- gg,%
~
4 Yb
!x3 b j.zn EQ < tr_ u-4
', ,Q7. 's)
-Q=.
w%, i kar, v e m y m" k'e j ..j:% ( 5% '.h u hh _) m if., i 4 w}, e { af A h
!: 'f y _ , lf i'E git:ow -
y .. D .c
~%6'./ y' . .. LsjlM\ l .h l cQ ?: Q"- c,g., .Y[uT .- --
m e Dj, : , .
,s.9m y> v . -
o
- $m.
f, .p.5% , *l ?&&. wfw;_d, $ .ma .. lh '
-34yTN4:
O a
; .,C ? : .,g g
Dy/g
-t ; 7% E'}Qr M
! " / t $R i;'g%4 ,
? " -' "
id::*& {6-Q: pMind; -y4 Ap m : a 9 , -Q a
.c
_m. e N'g(. p 4QW. . e[g- 1
.\ '~A : .., gkA
-:aV; e
o
- r Q M}
- r. &])
5 ;
- 1 g l D .'.f.Q. h - i ' 'f.,. '. ,
- 54 5, km hpu.hf a$ a i B" . h'ikV .. w a .. w .? l0w 3
.a a' a
F'~".% NN V6T M "M **CP?f +" 3 ==X
== 3e--
3Q4
$g so
%- Aj 6(J W N.g dlyff0Q if: s.D v4 $gvh if.g
- C ew [5;;.aqs.wlg"*u c QU,pjlR: & O m
w kJ 4AOQ{ ~ +'. M d}\{.[.jq 1 *m O s is q$ /i' kt.
..$ rbye =~
l \ e* s v -
.:u.W; r ';.$
u.
+a @
~2 (*E, ob
~
NhNh . h* waa =- T.M) ps a
'fD s
~,
m f 4 :{n4,Ey - E Wi.kj c w)Ik r, - en
.s mm h ; )4 ty 4r gd
?' .
... v -h ll$$sd$ R$0i l mm ami-ar n. man wi..mi... . . - ._ __..
i ii ii.-d
' ~
a , ; j %n.,. ~W 'L2
~ ,f . +, , :r M h
.lf,gMW
?, , k a f**Y. . Y ? iS. !; l Y l
.S , '4 ^
[. ,
;/14[' h[$ ' 7w' # 4"'5Tt4 '
4 i f*R , ,
) ', 1; j' -.
[Ok5 ';<4 i T
, }A 4 N,N * % r W .,4'y(L.s .~ .
v
..n lkYt 9- '
* *t O '. 5 if .
}y4'p[. e3 * .i Q'g f. a g 7' A N , ,.
; .-(\ 1 f *4-q j e u
k,
.% u !1)1 '4' m
#1, h
[ . 4
- 1' e..
( x>
'\ t x 4 4 i(
s k ,\.-. H f,' . , . , a
- \
t E, $rYs* ,' A u I.. p'j ,91 C 6, * *. l % *-
. fs y;j j;*
t' fiQfs,
& = 1 Q'q.?
c'
.. e
- m .. . .
o
* " hg -,
yg s
.* k( ' % O
% ~.,.. d 4 Q . Q h' ..
*s 3,),W
' -} ~s W
~. .@~ .u , . 4- tmau r .p: a. W. : e . w :,;
a p. -
~J*- L o
Y
\lf Yp
,% Y ; f- &. c z_ wMs '2;}U}; LMQ l?&r*.~~.,7 fj h h'w$$%;;7$1h
- t. % y.t I5>Ws$$+$ v; - e..' u*
iWhMcd%Ghh% aD3 .?
-z5 m,.y'm+s- ~:. :wn ,., m.
W.4 s , a ,..
- a G
m
' i .f +3
' t ;d Mx;})g($ ; $iO
- f. . jlg .., .
- c. .
m QC@de eu ~. I k'.., ,Mh yN [cc.* V- h81c&a'. n,-: w ?, .:; o mu h., - i y::.,. os
.,3 qh
- gMM,Q, ; a y yg
.- u.
.t i['%,gn.
g
- h. s. :av:e1,r yr, n . A: V .
m' .% m, L" i A .1 (k(( gh .'
'Yd N m
h i; .:R, . 'n * % .
'}
f- fr- , E ! J
~
kig jfa fr, gg., J: e M,74 y p, %
. s ,i
' [,
.. xeau .
r"
<. m
.,~
y...% s v rg)[,,fde -*.
~ ' [" ', ,. f,,,. 7 5.p
._t.igQ.+
g il i-
'- gi, c.-
[U . EY;f * 5
,p/)ff',
e nh .*:. ;[. 3 i,I7f . hw,g&eb'6 a +. 1:,.J
.s eTe n m '
- w..- -
i
?:? y; ':s:a:.,',gs s .
n+, r ,p f.: .o;.. . . . +, , g_ t ,. g,.; gn w >.,a f.o, j,-*.c*[/f f .',/# f 4 c h. *N()y'![r!./,;M+ . .' N o ;t,
- .Y s
gss,%,'%;b Y i , , s~ w. */ 'd. ~- o ff J,f .>' s -[c y! ,"9 f-s
- W /-'..s ) + ,t 4
'p.f,***4p'1,. '
o, % <1 s ./s/.7, Q.
- b, .j k. ' **
e jp- n .
'M w
(f::y:n , ,b)/ q g,M,90-Te,,.g m 2;% u%.1. e 4y m d. y s.sA +' M yt,4 .s ( 1 - !!
#yaMfygp t
sv gww-em g.,n g s a+ q y p y g i_ n _a _ .s. _. &
! 8 a$g"f y ,$p$[*l + j% _f;cl-jkb?
=
3 v,hkNgb $ 20 $ g.,; g.H ts g
;4fE 7,k. .
?'-
i .'IN s.c.A"+7'^il:-
~
- .; y[l.%b)p:v'. id Qi a. m cn .
co
<- ,s , v. f u,,,f ,, *s/ M.J.s e- .e z
& w; a.6% . (n.% 2 , A =%,,
f/_;). % . % g .-- 4a
-e 3m
, ,"-;xa d%f'*." #' -d r+p*Q=.+#5 g ~r-- ,7+r'./ - e C1 cI v>h 1D Yh >)$'$1; 3 /[V. N / I ' h . ."'
- M y
- nn
.. '+ o [ , ,,
. L.c wc. 'l.d*7.(fta. ' I:(' ,
' 3 % g m ..~aSht*.t3 .
!g&,9" on
- v O ?,4:., yQ'p:
, , '; 'tj. :9'.o: . ;-Q g -::# ff h j;# c M>j yW- g:; AL-Q t"* ,
Y mg'.':. m.s. n: h i'ry u. 7 3lg W. d ?; beu m e - s.k.w' s
< , 44,
. y, V,g .
.u e u.
.8, s, ,
t.. n$f$
' - ' a.9.' ,,;,,
( j. v4.., . cn sm e.%, 4
'r ye,s. t tr>
-es w
. # c.p ,.-> < -
@.,f; e
;- M b'- .ss~N<.
- , hF cn
[G)J 7.".@*, - 4, 44%' - sg
.~,. .
g~. . h
- y .~v]4[
Wea.s c. g.%m dg. p ; .sti
. mgs. 4 + .: m.j u;$
- s. - .
- m
..%m,5 w; .
q.s o ,. ne', v--- ~, y fge m
+-
.- d m:9. :w psy? . 'n
- /Q
? ?, p
~
l ,-(
-(V Y,'4.[<
cf
,h", A [. 7)4, l .w, g $, e.'(.a,j'. 0/4 ,
km g- -'. '
.t ., Ms.
s h e',n ir Y x'ig<f.i . . ., L. h . -,. t Oy.Ah7.NM 9 y cm. [ ' 'i!* *- l~7M
- MAMij.x-
Q1 Qr;mi:?.1;, . 773
,g y a.i y&y-: .f.
,7q %iTC :Qg - * %
.p% .
W ' f q)?{f;>e a
. w;n ~ -k;q{.q;4 ,..Q'::s m.
u-w, ?,;
. :: w. >%, ,
4.- .. ..
., , 4a2 T .. .
_gg.g ,, , m
.7..
$h -
i h_ i
^
a; %,g 'G sib
]
3'.s$T . ,:gi. g;x;.:ra. N <' taf
. w $m..
*~
.. aNW.$.s -
2
;[,k *4 .j,p~
? * ;w
# 'sf % y****
n
..fy,,L .,s4 ' .+f.',; g a. f u
k 3
}fYEY f{ Yf~ '
a h
,,%;, :h.? n 5$,p,.W, w- . :. , ;e y %.~9:,>.4 . m.: s%.m n
u y
. : h -
,eyen
% 'NIhik 0 v., , gA . .sm..m .t st. y r. e .w s . , .c
' ~
s b i ," u .2 Q ty.'xu n n. e t: e .v-
? "l} _3 % -
w.~f+;,, s> . m :. ; ,;
. ts w
~..~ >y s .c x, - u. ~
- 0)
- C O 1
*.s.- T. , 'lf *G e#!Kf*
'?
y *$ h.. p ;* ,.-!h % ](J'[.*8'j N,,7',(,W E.
**Tf.'!,$j8 *[],*1}h$: O "o . .*
1}f f .j ;3. o d-N in a. j* s e7- ,Nh"l OG 3
, <t b/,^%34 es * , .
, 3.;,g. . 6 )g:,q; o: m
~
V * *- "
, _.. 4 f y,'M. + E( ,
4 .r. ~ LhE =u . f<4 , . .
, - . , .2 .-
- 3N 4 -.
q
'./4,
. .{,',.
,..s(. 7
- d.
f (M.s
- .k.: . . , .
' Mh -
~ ; N:
.- m.
k,y,' , )w- I'A .42,
.s,'Yh,;.M,,* -
w *y o
- y-
~
e
.4 ' -
pn g, y .y
,:.'.p. .- q p: m
. e p.
.;.. 6.3 l S-
< n.
- s. b r.q,s 4, .n . Pe e s
/*4
. ~v.~ .
. . , o (p# E."F *a'- i
. 8'59 14,a n/.4 - Di er'-
q~ e se m-
* + a .'. ( q, ' ,7
{
'hpq '.$ g' Y 'd- 'j&dT-n3
.f m, - x 3-h.u eyc.wg
. m ymg 4 ,'
%: y;t L'*-y _, ~; - 4 .w '#
Mf .-fv,I',<^ r ., m %*[vg' _.b
.-; m s* . W . .
'. '4.' k g k' W i -y,* d
~ l , ll , *
.=.4% g':p$N,m:n:.Nh,k'C ly .. .':;,
-e.., .qh O D*$~
tE
.amw:wn a w,. $
9
- ihiQ 7 3 9 M M R $ N Q Q h
?Yf x.~n::s.o.n.m"W.sf,..!
kdOh.afh y '
- i. - :y .
'7g3g jp;%gs p, ..e y w
- c. .:
,j s
3 Q s ... 6 t .
- . y N <yq' ,k 2,
a U j f *. *. 3 Atbxlff., *b;
- - ;g'h ._.
q E ft Q' l3 {&(()em.. ,
.,k h-;4 N *
'{
N s
- 2. w w > ,-
; j
< , a ny~f;':.ta;~l, m .is -
,,p & .
- R &
I- o f.h 7 ^ 'f $*q/;;g). ~'* p .. g, a- h 3:p .g gipfl 9 a iA,, e- n 4 %ws'J y'8 lft' k!&-Q . , w.vs ;g/ # t,'j$uAt }:
. . 7 p g.a 8 t, w %.,. 4e,j ta
,n } gs - an:,m<- - ,. W 7..- ::..i Q , &co i.' y
* ~
; *v [ j ~X
. ..g a o . , -
! ::,l hk3
- c. '
$S
- d-;
"a it){44 3 y3 ~ ,, U,' ., n , -
=
- 4) -e .o -
'Yp.-
4 h ir' 4 3 35 WW h, Q:p B.vd . Y, v. - _ < 12 1 8%
.y[
*~
f,J3t'
, E
5 h - [c,tQ.,
~
; m S h G I
E - _.i ' ! N 6 l
% [g
- a!
1 h\
'Y~'; ,g j . r.~
4';.t?n,
, $m;:
1 pg % l <b = I .s [ 0, k
.y rn , ss .. ...:.;c,~.~
l l l
. .. / -
a $e - g-N p p c ,1 . :x pc-%ugy- ; A.3, nO,on. y eQw,&, Qw .x g .v. e's<;%;g .j , , 9 n .o o t.
. %q%AMWP.cWJ - a. .. - -u . % .
1. 4($.j f.if$& , Q
- Q ,
*'[ . . .
l,%, %
- r ny c,4 w .,me_,
d;q
~
- m, y b, '~MY.14 p @f g {f W(RP[l"~-y(%g$mn db
~
Q
; w f
a u)3 s eg g Mp- f ,
~
y o/ 7 l MS - {. '[3 g b $;; Y N
'&f$I..
f 55 QindW$mn&Qv&;,z M 5*Qy . %?i@i@?~ w&ap 1e 6a ; g.. ,gt gx. gp w ~./ 2 A .t swe' cr v(
- afp' 1 M'
o 1: %pp, g*y . 7, y W.
; Q <_
Q6 < ,3,hlp>:q*fi 1 n t"
- .h*' .,4.e; -
o o
..f , ic - M -~~ yw ;. tn m
f /A .-T. h + +. T. 4 4 g y% ys p:%g'? * ,*w. gl . " p. _;. ; 4-
-* ~
r gy,4. ., q a.b , ,m v; b-. QJ - 71,y ..
- ; y; ~-
e c e - nmcyp vq' 3,. 4,. . n ' #
$.N,nc,, ~
.Y f. m.i a'- h k, m (NYf +i,1* .
[ %' y h a ., s. Ny p V2% %C't~1b.G um 3 ts,%w$.9:s;;am&j=E.e 01 tv b :2:x py
.la:M f} hdl w o, ,
,q a
o, i ~.y -
*+"*g -e
. js , L -pey*
%. Q*pp wre*gmW Ip/> gp -w 4o*
"" N r==
M'lNw
... w m . 4~.
e .y l . W h( y M. W+.W-b,% Og p
~%
w34 &, m.,7.y R1 f?'Y'g M Q b"'"
..t, ,._.
a o$
~a u^
7,,yp. . y ,. #a. u
. . .c, . [. a y 3
. . o ; .? q ps
.r 6 -: o Ln
,f{.5j)N4 N** pgh
- D, J. ; 2.9 U1
~yRlMWg "'* y,~
, t?al1Q V
,4. w.:. ~. - .
a.. _ n,, .v , 3 ,.,_ e, B e [,T.,jp g. q'gg.uy; 03 yg x9' --4,,1$y
*.c,; . ec n
It,th 5
%@f g;'34 R;
-u 2v
'v- : .;*
l?,O~kVL.1k.p;) .
,, ?
M
~.ggj..W,M, , 7,,.;
.g . .
,t, ". Q' w.-. .n
., wp Sh. u g
^ 5gh,*. - t, Ih- 1,3 I? + '
- r,rp Apr 7. ._ c 4j ;,s .,, p.f'9 to y- v"y y ,'/N Q*4l'y
$W.:i$
^&p !%.fag'1 v, a
Y - Mfe%'? t; g u
' vren
..? ? ,, N M @ '.;;"
~
r , , wan ** n t o .. , L, 4p e,
.?J -* %
. - e O'
'f - s* M LA.
- [ q. ;*. ,m%q'n
[g41 ,
t .d. ,,4 lYhkW - S/f pw Eh w'hf*\ h) m
..?mO AdRW W S.
Amrij' . ;,uy%4*. .J M - IAE6'! Digt;k 8 me,: .y g% w. p v, w A yn&y:q/'4)[G(M
'm.
- ip;,R*%gYb..n ,e )4 2,
', o sf 75 9 w , . fQ Aq L n.;3 g;;I,_ ?g f >,Yny r:"' W% ' ;; < -4* / %'T .%q:,R ;
< 4l . p.L zt ,f.<r ..st,. .i : 486. % 4 i g>4< 3 ty p l. , .% < - : .a m I *
, j b e9
.N ls &.x Nc~ _ ;=$
- v. ~~
w.\ ' Q, yads# M h fr f ar
,* %r,.1 u* 4
.M,#U s . b_.
+ w,L;L.A. n.,_2
<
- v >Y4 3
- OS - M4
- s. *s ;
Curve 755r+1-s Specimen f 31 ll50*C/5 sec + 575'C/5 sec I Quench ll50*C/5 sec ; i i E Temper 3 Cycle SP0CIme" $
+--- 575*C/5 sec Thermocouple p
- \
" S Sec
Reference Thermocouple ,,
- Time Figure 3.25 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" lhermal Cycle. -
Sample No. 31
u l b E3 c e s 5
/
e C 0 0 5 37 6 5 5 7 1 + . 2 c e v # e s l e r u n e5 c C y im *C C c0 e5 pl l Sl a e m lp r u e h h ce no e c T nl o e uyc mm Q C icr ee o' "r ph e p ST c e m
- S e S T u d e n c lp a e u s e o h 5
/ no c c c n
C rem e r e 0 f e e u 5 eh Q l l RT m " i T e h t f
- o e
c a r1 T2 c r . e s eo dN 5 r
/
C oe
- cl ip 0
5 6 ia sm VS r 6 epl e 2 my c 3 eC T e r u g i F i .
s o o5$ c e s 5
/
C 8 9
- '5 7
3 6 7 5 5
+
0 7 2 ce e # s . v r n5 . u e/ e t mC i* l c0 c y e5 p1 S1 C e l lp a u m n e o c r o e m m h icr ee m' T h ST c e "re S p S m c e e
." T s
5 d
/ n
- C le p
a - 0 u h 5 1 e c oc c 1 no n em r e r e e u f e m Q eh " RT iT h e t f
- o e
c c a e r0 s T2 5
/ r .
C eo dN 5 - r 6 7 oe cl
- ip sm ia
. VS r
ee pl 7 myc 2 eC T 3 e r u g i F
o Ejfa y c e s 5
/
m C 83 0 7 0 5 7 5 7 + 5 e v 1 ce r # s t u n5 l e e/ mC c y i* c0 C e5 pl Sl l a m le r p e h u h c noc T nl e e _ e c o uy m m x "re Q C icr ee ph c p
- ST e m S e S T 5 d c
n e a s e 5 lp h
/ u c C eo c c n 0 no e u
5 l em r e r Q l f e e " eh m RT i T e h t f o
- e c
a r5 T1 c r . e s eo 5 dN
/ r C oe 0
cl ip 0 7 sm ia
- VS
+
r 8 e' pI 2 m C eU T 3 e r u g i F )
db .?E*aE3 c e s 5
/
C 0 0 s- 8 7 3 2
+ .
7 5 1 ce e 5 f s l 7 n5 c y e e/ r u mC i* C C c0 . l e5 pl Sl e _ a _ m lp . r no u e h e c T h t imm o n c r e 9 ee ph !:
"re 0 ST p m
; c e
e T S 5 d p n c e a s h 5
/
C
/ eo le p
u c n e 0 c c no u 5 Q l I em r e r f e e e eb : r h R! i t
# T
. / f o
e
- c a
r2 T1
. r .
c e eo s dN r 5
/ oe C cl
- ip 0
0 sm ia 8 VS 9 2 r
- ee 3 pl myc e eC r T u n~
i F
N l .- " $jE:
)
c e s e 5
- /
- C 7
s 0 s 5 7 8
- 8
+
- 1 c e .
c f s n5 l e e/ c y i m *C c0 e5 C pl Sl e l lp a u o m n c r h ce e o e nl c mm h e y ic r T . uC e ph e Q ST "r
- / a'c. e p
e m S e S T L" d n c e a s e 5 h
/
l p c C u n
- eo e cc u 0 no Q 5
l I em r r e " e e m f eh RT iT h e t
/ f o
- e c
a r8 c T1 e s r . 5 eo
/ dN C r 0
oe 5 cl 8 ip ia sm VS r ee pl 0 myc 3 eC T 3 e r u g i F
Curve 755?35-8 s Specimen i14 Il50*C/5 sec + 800*C/5 sec 1 Il50'C/5 sec : o Temper C
+--800'C/5 Sec $
e
.E'
/ '
Specimen Thermocouple g
> 4 s S Sec Reference
/ Thermocouple
/
- Time Figure 3.31 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Sample No. 14
,s - t g i.%-
%j x
- b',.T ; : g i.ynt.
- (i .t g 9.v: hf M(? l&lg o
^
,s ;he ,
h{W'g:.p O' .g $ 4 v jl$. j$ g sMp;y'f%k_* f.' i
- +
,k
},"~ g?d E i
5
.- w Wt efh .
gfa r gt,&
.f g
$@ l
'9
~
- g@
g' a m r
,s:s -
1 e h
" v "; T 3 .
rg* i s "r M . .;'. ' e gs;,' p3
% y ; .y .
m3 e
- y. ,I T .
o e Rt:s.' 1 ,
, G [ ;.
dN n
- hlg~'
/.k ,
. >E-
{$ : A . l&
- M ael hp cm na
.h y .3.- J(' eS i
! u
'.. > qs-
>1
.y yg" 9>
'I ;b M Q) c
((y?c~~ u$2 R[t'.fac:i ? 4.\,. h ll. %,y g, $ $ ee
?.iv8e:%cnJ:dy N' ' :
i hs t 5 7 g ,,<&%~4 ( . ' W ;; 9* h {. rngY@ % m/ oC r 5
'c
.yA;;q$ {*<,n.h
- }- -
c xci.hf,('h>,k&i f- [ & {f {t i j F0 g5 0 n i+ L: 3,, ;. a, s.%* ., [fh:Ts.
.E lxo t
l uc D r $' h .w.s . * -
. o
- lt R se es
?
[$ ^ ,.t
,L e/
rC 5 f " u* T'? G g -
# f y t0 c5 u1 r1
-t).
f t t( Q l.n "'
- s oe
* . h.~ ~
rl
? /i )?
1 Y'A. cc iy MC 3y h
^
Wm
'd. NW4
. 1 R
t T x 2 3 3 y.Mgs.~ne5 x ; C ( -
, M' r 4-i dy )fE .
i e r u g
\ , ' ~
j& :*r- . i F
- f. '
kN"
'%h. g.. . . ' u~
f
.k C ':x ,"
,, ~ . 5 ' M-
. : k c f M'c T, N. [* .R. .
z
.,3.,$.$D Q:bgm.g'1,f j
[f .
. T
*;}' .
g
- f. c9
?'T .
1 l
.' . ; \ y , . .m* . . . .
y , ,# ',' i
**^s N*j $ ;\
h.i / p , r p'
' [;!l
- $ %e'.
$^'Y '"_ '
O
.. . ;,; '. O
- M iM In q =.? JU ,Y',,b !" s [y[#.'M:f8 hm,; yp[, .en
'n',3c. 5c ,.@;.. <
".@?
n ** ,$ $4 5,:, $,N,M $.~fn., >.plq:f/ i?,./ . -z I m t
,,r* {ly' l;}b,ff(- gWg[r,3(-:. ' E; f "HQ
~
~ -: .
4q,[,i,)+ 'Ww,b;!
* <t 0),[e,]};l.l
- n. ,,
h D,g:h.m.%. k[bh...~-4,%y*O' d54 M.'* .
.fEs .c. ..
w 5' . p! > ,7 l O y M llh'*$') ?'r'! r
- N '..e .-
- ~
,r.s. y~ . M >
;;L. ,.,J,4,
. J 4,p.+ 6 M.
# e, f4 ,)
u\'. - , c E 7. k k a's E idMNN f 4;tm;g%w.s y, k [
~N ihk~ l ' N. +x, hp .w im o
,. - 5%*, . .3 e'n) )$eid,.y- '' y1, 4 "U 2:
1[ *G ' n.- 1 '
- k; ,
W r.
"' 4}) *
'h ar; %y,3,% . .. - s :%;.
.c Q.
U G C 84 3 e a; y % ' t *n* ., f' %.
'= 4.v" 0N
';f
/.,'
M
*Ma
'f
&d'~ s
/h
'4 y*
' 3 y ,,, ,
N u 06
.M @ q!Ik.r. m ~~ g aa ffp;Y, eet
+ ,
qM % Efg -
- 4. g $p $ - EE
- u. m
.I' f).%h.A
~
5 x ... r-
.: oun s.N +'tam ,+w + -
s .6 . mA.4-g g ge g. . ,..c , .%e;. v4t ,~ 5 gr. ? . c.
'; ,',f.
lf, e4st 3o f'f MWyg *t A:- .g ep s. X 5 -
- p . , ,-.
- O
. . I, s'.h,e'/*
l '[Av
~s 'J O
~
cx: in r
, s ', A ~yf Jo ,
/
,t 4 "5 h
's ' ..
~
D's ?
- i "4 y.
" O\
$f 4~
52, h-,-,/ [].^. ' + A .;*hrtfi, * ;f - $ Nt af Qg s j.' uo av ! i. ' . .$.5.1,R1 % Vf
' n f ,4 . ;;k-
g;f?yh l ' lf&NNP.. E0
~
. hTKf.! : QN &W.: . M s*
;s >%
,lm,-; ,.
th,}4 m<*QRQ 444 A Qg;p w.-A<f ,e'ry ". .y,, 8. s., - s 'N.1, 1.g:. y.
% q4c .%y'fg opt
) ps s' f p. . i I.e ' ..*: ( ,g F-
..w.epy
., Ou
- >s 7q 35 g,, aql KU Jy ,::uJ
'*,a .
-L..;;f.
gy p .. : aY. . . '. Y
- s n-$
I ':Z L ['?'r
? <;,
*,- Nhef .
? ..
?.
m o-upoo e. m.: *,['' ~
. . ]
I w oj m
), -
C ' .;K .1V . .
- g , ' yy Q O' g ~ ,tf%* W".f. o
-u .fi pt w; ?
N ;. i '1' ;,,'.? vR u. A..
*l
?$$hm',;4)hf L, , . . .7
%m+ +J- , .
u ,
.q; ~
9* .
. {',)
- s M.
( ht T @ m.x .w,:au 4.,s,n'a .m . vM. W,6 *, f.w- . e p'f.$~ M:4 s-k t.- A.t .u'4.<K,a
* *t." -
.-m -
Y , D'?.U 4 h. /.U;h.spg-ly]p:n. . [ *,, .$ '{ ,-
,j$M-6
?
f ;-, 3y1p:.b,
] .
rc ?_ x O: Y ; h Q . p!;f;c ;e14. f,>.a.t;-f%, 3,yd'5; 0 e rY
*e .
Cy~
;puj i-l g
Su: '
. I.
ygvy,w.fl0 e F9:v',r., y2 4 D. [v - n * *- w (- s, e : i W N f k k
" h. l a
m r e h h..' T "re E L p1 m2 e T . Y, o dN n b ael i' hp
- cm na
?- eS u
. d, Q) c ee
.M hs t
q~. .bh m/ 5
,k .
oC r d 3, F0
, .i ;h' 5 i, ;y- .(;' .Q7,.$
, , g6 n
i+ t j
- a)* -
}
* ,. ;^l ;
X l . f.e;t%n.1 - cn. ,y C.M<yyQ%',Wt f j: Y uc se
. ; 0 'yg&@l:l,n4'3p. )g E I? -
f ~ ,ft ; [I
- t. A 2 :
k . gq;, yc. t. 6" ;, h 0 R es - 3 1 5 f; s i E p. ~ g : ..a t%- k.lW v'g,,tW qs, x:.C ~-Nc ya:v u* ;;Gy l e/ -
.s U rC Mp' :j:
t
] t0 c5 i.
I'
<a yn p: y b d u1 r1 u ?gc., .k t
t( s oe
..E
" S- I Z rl cc -
, i y
. MC
, N 4
- h. 3 s 3
+ e r
u C h i g A F u N I C
+ .
a
?e Y
. e q M *: 6':A;q%Q;y c;((jIt .N..GRTy(er?h8k'$$@f'$2 h Bcqu?U' lF .
,.;1 L f.byYQr .% xpgg"& g)VQ'l-i.J) J .
gSMr.,gt s, g ;
*4 ,, g m A; e
. m m**
'gf
*j
- s ,
f' "g it.Qe -, A .l Ko
!$ l k :7-+ t" k ' ,Gr r,
,,. 0ik$Y :. w Y
.e
. k.6 e i? j ji f, g-
&Q K 'kS #M g,N,(x 1T <d 5a
. ard
,M,4, N, h %s. he ', 'W(n/s.7)%p@.
j$qi a-
*d
)f+.gilWIW .!
~md?g;Q:g$@c,.?
i sn, n e %r : w ^kww -
,e e .v e&se?is&EidNi.32,:<liiN?amll 'T 'db ~
- yC
,.]a '{r** J *-W (.,s '7j Mt ~/ ?
A * ? *T .? * ,
- y *[ Y i ,g,3,*.,
p . *. ,7 .t,*, gi- . $ ++ #, <[ g %
,.. ; '[ g .' yf3j 'p ' . O , p. g ;+6M4 .i .
o "a g*
' 35
- rE . ,;ye~.:,.y,<
i'l' 'l '2 . ' y, Ah cE *
%.M. k,, ,4C syp ctf .,N[$ , $ i gln)1.Ui *n'yc'b; aR w
ih.$$Yhg~- '
~
- {s;.fgijj M q., m t3y,cru 3e 2.V ,y
?a
" h,ij $e Q3' c'k,) ,y (7 uW 2" 0u*
i' . m s ,
-1 I
. u ..f g 1
[ a I
"g!
.:n*
-r _ a,s :
l
, I .s.
),%
iM ,
- N cann n .Merk n$
j
, .w >
e[?sp'l)k)-
] _
pI -.. - x e; c
~
.k :':. , 0 0
w'9DDg[k' ;&
'. & ' * ,, l4 qI.]
f1 g k (b ( ,pM e_L c. '- , 1g ;
.
- S :,
Nn.e}?. ! . ' ;.
,j '; Y w7ig q [.W'$ .,.,
,h'fggt' b. ye
?,
r ' *fi J .
'c
. pph ,
n' e l h a J:,r$+ M ml$ Y m n, r e 5 yN*Qp, g
.,u T W,. h 4
.g'& ' iA$, T "r
pkt3a (f j ,'
. k$
I e p5 m1
;s. Y 1 .,k ' ;g; 5N ?'g e T .
o
?'
yY s$< A (
,A. '6 w? [.
e
.. dN n
ael f.,. wkMgi.
.2 k'Mh. i hp cm na /.Y n . S eS mkgee i f , g?~
i Q) u
% c
- D
?
6Np/L, fgT,N
; ee y
hWll'. l hs 3 ehi e y; I .- h* ! t 5 rh M g g k
- m/
- b nJ i h
? @^h
(~ t $.! N' . F0 oC r* 0 g7 j ' I pgh ': 1 .I X n
+
tAY%p:k[-j hl$ t i
$gt .
0 t
,f&0 g i pfy ?.!
' l .
%w$ [' 1 uc se LJ v.M:nTg[h - es Q .,
R 5 U ~u j%O~ icN P w e/ rC u*
=kwiqM T -
p9 '- - [~ h?
? s.
t0 c5 u1 c ?. r1
;No
.k, .
t( s oe
- ?
9s'y dn?- W} .
- . rl r
; cc
#_ iy MC i; & -
?; j 7
l k..s c~ .e
% 6 3
E
% %j&, 3 e
r c5 u uiIjl. x i F g
=~
m ; NE V :
.4 .=
- S; '; v=. ,Y' k
'k"'
> ._r a- r S' iV k
i
,s,
'* i's p*c' c*- y' d.a te w; /
, ?
t ,T' A e *[s4 ^ ' ' . * (5%'
. *- ',*31'.Y ~ 2:c dw^.:=,
V;1j<',,'g 9%..w.J ')W'
... ::$*(
- s.*.t
- n. '*.*i,f,a P 'Q**%3.C. , . .. O~ <
4 c; , s: sq ..Q < ' W;; d-! .;;,2 % '.g , , .: - V~y~. , ; ? .ry
,_t' r 6;
r-
- K;V fA'}d.)"(15 7".LeLC.*f'h<f4;. e'd-y 'U 'y eA~fv wn
.Wisw*Lj.m4- Q * ". .
if/*h ?, Y' f ^
- f
?y'" u'x.k.Q n% rf e p
n&* }
'i 5?ki .$
p%dWgwi8 'fmM)nc. y.Lt-Q}.q:~w&g
~
$ N.L k ..
u .. =
*4 . ..v u:t :::16 ~ <
c:~ g w n sg , d,g 3,q.,.; [N inE'4 acdt:<g $%
~ c& >d}n p 1Eh i y$c;W,'
w\ v;.
~.
oQ n~.s .e y & . Qwhn_}%it v *;v .d.W:
~
I g-y#,.[y. i $ ,g G q" *
- mg \Q se E.r wW h a (D%,hS4g . imu%nc. Od biil.kk nw T) em whw:.
.. gw' .M . .
'j]eg,
.y. s . a *%. m. o _
^s.<AR s,; ,* ,f
- 4 , ,
K- '; G% ou
'*Mi% % %w N"s;Q oeyyp; g f y g g
,J s e }. u. o 4
{L,' ' ..
% ~%
y,j:ja o
- ou
.,. . g c
s gr .
- so @
OM N~ ' ' g
,h g, m
- w s.; uu ..h.o,- .. as U
.. ? $o
' ?. s ,, - -o g,.' .
f
- y '
% di e h' .)l4 .
;. EIM] $*
ac W;8 0 g .
. y?an sts.;
.i.dC i> >
P** vs n M I % .
?
~
k" 3.
? D2ee f u l ' 5p* '.
4 \,0
...4.=
T'd w-
%f4
.;w .
'),' *:
n u.Q .
,.;, '%o. g* n
.h *jf
", 'p(.W
..d I '.
M a cAn. v w-*%, tN ,h:p-pe .A
.r 00I'9, %,
\
1 M: p; ~n8 'l@1.n y%4>,a,p:D.:e
/h.~
i C1,,j,<h%u
~ .
V.i:. . n:w;,
.e :e yn%.g..g .
y: I
.-na s c-*
m-M.r !W4g -/9 mv%p) . i'%
'% W1* 'R*'Y;le--
h - X m o [W.Fyy',y"gx$f
$j ~ '
n
$, Q , W(*2em%$ 5 4 '
~
l.Lza&h} Q f 'T n ~ M_.ps W: thn.i
? U ..q 1$
M; V,' f :te%.n x 3 - w g, . .. 4
'~,o a +i Y
ry ,, 0ya. * 'g-4\. .
, d.
4), 5
.c
*- p ,_
Y
' Q * &m& ;qq f , . ->
- gqj 'u r, .' }p ~ s y to -
m w
- 3 s .c'y ::q. e, p. g.- < ~r i,b~ ypt%.h O.CO gs1q/.;: g.w),
'g4 *y . *, u- n fwy. i -
rg4 ;
.s ~
e .
, ~
e* W 9 ~- m~, : .Q, ur Q% n '. 00 G Jn ; Wmg< .c o.
* . g%(%%+pw.c.~.n ,
e!! s- ev. m gx , L.n.9, y .. ug w rg. n
. L*l- [,
- m. E q. .. e,m Pff)),,,&l '
W?*Th. DO 4 , ,,> + l .. .L s }'r + .,Q.n,,b*' e
.s..a :p ~ +p.~
wl[y/a uw.;n y* yx. z ? ee
', . .? !'f.c. ,/; s y: 0>. 4 m a m .s J c .Q o?.t ** iW#s *G M**'A > 4:'sJ*'>~ } / +d . ,*- .: .C* @
9
. < j{ * ; '** '/y
'/ ' y ',h r n ' .* q. a d,? tt)
= ,4,t' . x ;;;34 "* tW ,
Q 'f *'*?, *) ,.: .; n. p g lJ. + < v/ s G% ou cs
.,te
, y* l_ ?"., 60 e c c#' - $ *l*/]
"p lj' ,
g ej eV-
- 4*;3
',"- Q,, O L, ,
'_,_.. --'M . .A.A s
,, , , <.. r ~
f,p-* p+,3 <.=F- - .q . v;p ; ,, m
- pg
.C.
e +
, v,m 7?'2QXf.
4 e
' A ,p m q : v(&S - -
{ & @ $ 5 k; . To ~ y Mi ~ .yL; , k. g ,/,g
- +
o . .
- q. ;,g. ;'f .4qw , s* 411 aw e-
' ec . . e.g . y h - ,,,
O: m
,'r ~-' f.wg ; _-f '[. ,,: -mG;.e
- w.'r.Q:g.;k$y
- ,s.. w}dlyy;sy
,j %, Q3,,? L*.*I/;g**ifg=y[v},gs 0 Q.g ) _
s . d,g ^.%g . m 'u' ,,,
* . q-; .D QF 5 9 . . . , s y ,'3Q l *o
,?
. *> / e * *) ,G !m/4 gy
. ni ,{TA>t ;,.pl},;,g4., ~ ,u@ m, g.w9.:
um n-v< g # k'Fwj ' .y
- ;f. .:n:A *w, ,',, w w%. M L y=4 g ,w, .i A;;wwr@.
5
~
Q
- k. = . . ,J:y*
o # i, aa m
, ' *.t's y)**R\, . s~Qb y % ?*n .%.$ U -
,, ? E s y OG 4
sc . &" .} . h ,.lr. gys.?ib\,**
'r i J .~ 1 km h; a k ' '. h h . Q p f
" s !? ',' uu as- M DbM[q gm lbe '{f .
h' le$ ,b'hj.it :( *" t w~.,#s *A:1,,4... hji .,r 4
- h ' e+M f?+%ewllk*$$.$w$Y@iT.-4&w?b m
; ,J : ary;u f g*
. 7m, t w' m.-sab %'.g'f T srr ;*; 4.. . "< +
tt ". D 4 ,
~% A.
m 6 "
~. %, I
.'. . . . n
;r*.ty,; +.,! %
wl*i1 V:nw , 3,
+. -m ,gy.
- W[ .7, w'f*;t,y@.')'***~'K
% ;.p;14
;,J,,
n ,e
m
[,
.y 2,% *Nl'lf,,j; , g, :Mri.Q. .
j l-
, 7 ,' me u."
\s l" . *. .
% f;',
.s ml; { g. : 's Tr e,s u 1, ., f' .;,, Q'[.Q:
f?& r
*{
- v. .[ ,s (.J" Ak h.%p 1,..-
, a, ( .' ' . - -(y}
,,y , 4
,<,s. *;m *;Neh + <
- p , , > . @w, s
.g e
- , .. s,' ..,,. pw>.p. ., gY,i n
f' f
, s ,1 '~
'
- 3- r.' . ~ m' n+ ,*_ v':
'; , ; . i- ; t &.
, ;, - a % ,, ' ,' y . %
- s ,
* ', yg',4 A h*'.
e y }'; g t'/ $f a. ' .' I.*
- e M. ..% f e4.Vgy: ; , ', [e ..,
,,c 6
; ' , ,' y'd ;.I ~
' ' .. ,, ... ,, p.
t ' My[,g. .. '.', - , . 3,;,'..
- d. .'m..
,. * ,. 1 i 97 .,- i
- .. p
*l* ~
f
' ' '*g: ~,2' s
'}. .(
*e
, , , . (y,
- S- s 4
, { l .
e gf C '.f e? f , *- l
}a -
' Yo
- X 4
4 ; h 0 c. 0 4 S ; l L
\'.
l o aN m h re [ el hp
~ d T m a
"r S e) p .
ms er
.. Th
. W d7
- 1. . n/
N. aC h0 c4 n5
, e u+
_ _ O Q c i ee g', hs t
?j 5
, , m/
oC F'. Q* 4 : d - 4 ' - f' r F0 0 g8 jfq4:' ' s , l X n
~
O i+ t t 'tI O l . 1 uc
- > l se es R
5 e/ rC u* t0 i c5 u1 r1 t( s
~
oe rl
" cc
" i y4 v MC1 pl',
T
'e y .
9 3 3 e r u g i
' F
~-
)
- a
* . 'r
,[ .
f : f* .
# Lj*
g; ,$ A, f.'
._ l.l ,S ~
l:
'p o , - ,? ?
p,N 1 c - , t
. :T I
I
- f. \,Qg '
[ ( _ 1
Jurve 755747-0 Specimen d 41 1150*C/5 sec + 550*C/5 sec l Quench Cycle ll50*C/5 sec
- n Temper l Cycle
- 5W5 sec ., Specimen 5 Thermocouple j
\ uetoThermocouple D
A Wire Attaching to Copper Jaw Was Removed froin Jaw at this ;cint During Cooling Reicrence ' f e' 5sec
/1hermocouple
- Time Figure 3.40 Visicorder Trace _of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 41
Curve 755749-s Sample # 49 1150*C/5 sec + 550*C/5 sec Quench Il50"C/5 sec :- r o Temper Cycle
- 551PC/5sec Specimen Thermocouple E 5
t; P-2
> a 5sec Reference Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.41 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 49
,;n.
turn 755749-8 Specimen # 56 1150 C/5 sec + 55(PC/5 sec , Ouench Il50"C/5 sec : Temper l Cycle 550*C/5 sec 2 2 Specimen 7 Thermocouple & e
> A
>sec Reference Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.42 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle. -
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 56
hL.2. c <,e ns3s-e i Specimen # 66 Il50*C/5 sec + 550*C/5 sec Quench 115D"C/5 sec : t db Temper Cycle - 55)*C/5 sec j Specimen $ Thermocouple g h 4 5sec Rcterence Thermocouple
- Time Figure 3.43 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 66 s- .
TM
+?*
e4 %$*e O 4, t W e'ap e IMAGE EVALUATION
# / [4 (;,*4 # , //o \ 44k/
N/// TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 pj7p M kt j77p i i 1.0 'ti 232 2 y 'y I!!! ~ l l,l l"-i!LA L U3
- [I.25 1 1.4
.,I _ l __ _ qln_L6 i
4 150mm > 4- 6" > w# %+//, 4 so+ b s> v%y. , ,7// ~
+ w# w :,
s , O . Q cy,, sp
.A
" &A{E:
8 47 5 5 c e 7 s e 5 v / r u C t 0 5 5
+
1 c . 7 e
# s e l
n5 e/ c mC C y ic0 e5 p1 l S1 a m r e le p h1 u T7 h n oc ; c n eo "r o. e mm c eN u ir c e p Q e ph e s S me
= ST el T p
's le p
m da u nS e o c a c e noc l 5 s em r e r ho cr
/ f e nt C eh en
- RT e uo 0 m QC 5
l I iT y et hi tl a
- f u oQ eh cc at ra TB c
e rn 5 s eo di l rt C oc
- cu 0
5 id 5 so i r VP 4 r e 4 el pc 3 my eC e T r u g i F il
i Cwrn 755743-6 i Specimen # 39 j 1150 C/5 ser + 550 C/5 sec Quench
~
1150'C/5 sec 1 9 Temper Cycle 550*C/5 sec e Specimen y thermocouple t if
> n 5 sec Reference Thermocouple
.---T i me Figure 3.45 Visicorder Trace of the "Quench and Temper" Thermal Cycle.
Production Batch Quality Control Sample No. 39 i e
..mv - - --
Curve 755734-8 4N l 1 I 6 6 6 i i i i ! 1 I i i Sample #63 1 Thermocouple Pesition 420 - in the Gleeble Machine - 410 - r- - V-Notch 4o I
/
/
400 - I Hard Zone -
, g o, '9 0 4t 39. 5 Rc - 36 Rc 3% - -
E i f350 - oo - G c - Width of -
@ 330 "Hard Zone * $; 310 - -
E 3 290 - -
= @ 270 - -
250 - - 2M O ' O CO 210 - O - 1 90 170 i i i i i ~I I ! I 1 ! I I ' ' 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Distance in Mils O- ..n.- ._J& bd 7 lW/.g . p.e:y.x:4
.e % m, st p .;d,p'
- g Rsf, <S n,prid jJ; .
F 9 %. f:,J.~ W. a < m,'. 4. ~ . e: : B,.:.
+?!
~ , ~ :'@&u:.
sm: c uTE . iL J e
":W. -n.
n:c;
! *1 a sTE' t y%
4,.g% n.T }y.; -?A ' :- Q !'
' ~, . w. ,--s; f, * . 0;.
, . , <g , - ; a
~
> ?, l?,'j])2 '. ~ .e' >
! Q % C,: ' ?,
- u. , - . e l3.25Xl i Figure 3.46 Hardness Transverse Test Results of the Quenched, Tempered and Post Weld Heat Treated Sample (No. 63) From the Production Batch (1150*C/5 sec. + 800*C/5 sec. + 540'C/7 hrs.)
il l I ' i ifjA
- 9. h g .g) - 3,A, f,k 7t f. .
l x
?+ $ g
&,hh ,N.
0
.h9 A g.y)m*!r.
n s
- l 0
4 i -
%sgp,kh if.+af.I'
;s ,;Z 2, 4i;., .- .
0f g - ,' 7N g%.i-
. 5
*."L /
[$-
,:* s
_ - Ce l Fl - 0p 5m
.W 1 a 7,bg,,,
1S p (( 3 e ,,
,. j-t dh ec t l t
? I ,<
': ca yb
,fg'y .
Ak C n
. ro ei pn E pt mc i S. ; s' eu
'1. ) g ~.
d t Td o S'}R,[f. f
? w~ 1 d r np
,yv'de: 1
[,y a 1 , e D.)/gQ,.4- X y>,h.h. ats vt.A,4,jb%l4% 9r hh ct n am uo {1, y,?o.,hM.i h - c - -l Qr
/. ; f i' A e 4 %h h e K..,.dyy4m g i['Q :t tl
. p f m oa
- y<
l
- x s pQV As:h.$9 fgf,,g$:p.;geY' ;y- $) .h#
?; s
; o t) o l .
".k Ib g[
G',x,e.%m;,,3s,l1$zq;y%hG l t R uc se es 5 y/
- [i
$$, c 4:- },t. c p }.$,, v .
hC p*
- e. ,. a0 r0
;{d#
g8
$k' M "w o )
f f jh l +1
,' l 4 Ei a
[; Y g s - '
, t c .
eeo MsN
~0 7 g .
$ r ["
ihw d'
't L
?r.
7 4 3 e T l
. e i
' e r
u g
- i
's -
F _ T -
~
S.E 3 .
'?
f* fh 2 g, r N{'. ._ y [fh{= l llll ll ,fl, !
o g ' d ; l x o
- , o f .
t l 4 9 D. - 5
/
j _M ,. Ce 0p l W ,
.h 5m 1 a 1S
)2 $.
- ((
nF4 dh ec l t ca W! ?-^ 4n$ I yb t C
?4- n
? 4 ro ei
?gK
.k r.i s,e;j k> ~h J
g $'l pt mc eu e Td o g4 I dr np a
$ hh e
, ct n
/c f $ -
em uo Qr f e
, he tl p ~ f m j
oas s t) l . uc 11 l se x es o R 5 c y/ 1 hC l p* a0 r0 g8 o ) l +9 l 4 a
- t c .
'y eeo MsN u
8 4 g : 3 e r u g i F
- r. :
r l L - jll lI l lll '
ll i f 4 _ l x
- s 0
~
0 4 T ' l 5
/
Ce
?l 0p 5m 1 a d 1S
(( dh ec l t ca yb j -
- e C
ro n
~ ~ ~
1 t . pm s 9 d[g t j N f ei pt a c r eu
?v
;h i
'g {hg
, Td dr o
'4 5 g,d np a
l7, $@ g hh e gj'd? v, ct n em uo Qr f e h e tl p
' f m
! oa s
s t) l .
. uc se ' - , l x R es o 5 y/
o hC p* 1 l a0
. r0 g8 o )
l +6 l 5
' a t c .
eeo MsN
^
v ' 9 y!:S l 1, 4 3
' f. .. e i
r Q :z i u g F i I 1l ll1 jll
t b
? as *n r*'.::W".e spy:',f r*?'pp%y xV %3 _
O q:.;I @ g W., a n 2 *
@b.
[g.
- s q e.
Q.4
. ik, + ,(,'
4 ; mr a p qq,y?.y
. yas 1
p.. p
% ~
- r). t*;;,. }+ /.5;'gM,cv,.,.4('Tv.g,s4 L% S N; , h
'A .' N
) gn.u,,,)e
,2 A,*d.
, m.. s .'4; d ,
,p 4 g ,
/*,W,,,f.y.J , .U -
c , n g? 4 s.i w d*_*,)}. g , e/ v6 g7 .g .p'..F.4?:!;m/> y* VO '
.v'A3b4 '-.P M.c. s.s g, 8 M (f) j h[<kt*hIN'*h,%sp/,;Cr'k':hbh.f,bhS.i'fh h.h
,a-
's e S. >:". et7 / -
- k I P/
W ' '"*y' "u *e s g is i *- ' Y
~ \ '* k.,
- M .,Q g i h, M Me. 7r % *f *@ %f [h4, k '. 'e , fi C (e w T .Y, '* , U e .
4,f,7' L o
. ;;g ? fyt h V'A hrA4 v .;, M oe
' Jy&-,;.(.LeM, 7h
.W' .nsj ,(}* . N /'~bi *k,,*gp;,h (q.,.
% tw .!) . ':4 pik,- M'k?R. % 0$
\
/s '8 .-',gww/M, e=
p b. v9 . . ,9.. o
- ay - ,.4 >-- V h y3 g ; si ;m s ,:s (y/ e n;:r :,m-,;. +6*U
,e y.4m/y mssc q x!,f * -
gae
.e zj<?;.q h,t .4 ;-A. l/ .,x.m: . _A;,k~. y$~,. .~. ua n,: y+:s.o
-);, t o f,; .c .c k.:.. w s.- e. ~;
m y/
- W t . : 'a t-D,. @,/ f.1/
c
*%,.n' , ' M c. es 9 ~. y .(-y ~~~
oG Y*f**'&
&,-}: J.% m - ,, a tiG: M*nsV:+
2:- y 3 O O% ( E .&, .
,t </ , . .%. T)Rn
. ,r G *-
**g I p- 4- ~ s .f t '.
e
('. -
,d ' '
- i, [.,1 sr -
- [ ~~ -- =*Ja I
.g- g 3 e. % --
$ .'y.s .3yMp -L+w., g:M ,
L$:Rl;i;.hQW;'$c.s?;s,n
?
> L e m . o .': % f . . s &. c ,
ew w .: e T. .v ~
, p '
OM M e M *"m m
'. 's ".
,y %. . a 5 m
. ,,- g ,m
('d, iky,, #*id gp. ',if '*2,s. 3.. f, j' s)j$~ v[d 7.&(; Q " tn L
% ;r - n mm es .
- ms .
RAM f. .e..>h;4
$b ff, *. 'M 93 q.;y~ c..w. .Le p g5--.a:C. : . - r'c,-M M;f ,6 u w.! a,2:,; 'c ' &, e*h..
r
.c o cLo .i. 3.M% :. A '
m SD at <?% .~W'W C8 9.;.l I 7 LR. F
# c Q~ w%#m McQj ,.
tx J
- g. w ...
i p. .P*s ' . ': asco o . ~, c w .A'N.;#.* Y>[* d.y . @p p;'a.c .,jO d. %v. J i.,. . W -
.).
- . .+ w.u - w
.'p. ' dr' ' 'i % (,. ),.
e
.f I" m / .
3[ 3 I [M
+
f
*,,'7 e f, ,_h,. ,-
.:, ..u a' 9
- uu .
f,M % (C % gr% *
.?'O #~::%.y;:v".
*%hM h.- f 4*.19:!' <!. ~
t f [i n. OOO K** .
,& 4 Yi-s- w ~ u ,.~J,:r c C' O ! Q l f:', R M f . &~. . >
l i' 5%>$}[yc.? &'%^k.. .h,Q 3
'fj/p;}g}m ,Y ' SQ uby?:e. '- e l tll '}
r N.h~ RppQ O. lQ% i ? -l$ w,.p p w*g*b V!Nid 2 i.jNjfl,y?mM:s&,e$+,.g,&.?%:?p{% .. M8WY . tA Q g - sw.,w &, J e y+ n..w cr. r1, .. . o, y.V4.,,l;5
,Q*
,r , -; NN*!. w ,,l \ W.}'?;Wu
'$: 5 J *.}
^
*aAp:c ;*1N1,;
*r Te '>4 s.
Q . #f . ;a,, % n .,. G ,?:' e u
$/d h' g e,ih?lhY : g ?>kett Q W s;hfb$h.. ;f: *j h NY 5 .
p p% i %m p w". W w tWu'i.e. ' rQ mM.;.l 9
\
%nf q.%. w . x . m a.ky.w:nyby$m;.~; Wweq $.
ir
. e q w;.
Ps$if8$A.u62$$$fMbE5$sdid [$ I
b 4 % il.1, - -; . 6k*SE+T,]'HBh,V:.3y%e' EN.YhhkJ@ f.dI7.T
t,i r:n A Jk fn 8, L =,,.; w
% ~1"bj M Q u c)
, l,h"$0(p$.'+g...t#1[7~~/[,hI$,%I pyf, g} fksy - S4 U: Cy 5 i
;'t
,e pes a
't.
- . pWr W[hn[C #f,' S,.n b p'sk ' -
e .c 1 L i,, { *3
- h. J,"'
f f 'lf,;j,'g)'b 3 ; :"y,ifp'N,f9';
?.
*/ r.! '-
- $%Q p.e yi.? 4.j g'. . s . r
.. A- .,,,.
6:
. M. , / . ' g )
f.8g ..
.o,- g.'Qp,,,T 5' .i e fg. - A as .e
~
7, f id' % E d d W Pd ii .
~
$U@dM$pa$$iy5$y Y U ' PMf iynn4%s %m n i bdbNdb$hN
, '5 J fy('{ _ ',
4 e
~N' 3(k j $
%. gge .gp Nr v I .
.Dr ;g l 2 'd +b
".x .c w
6.; i .
.a+ph;v' eA . '
O 3-s c. h'*2
-a c.9..n:g;nsgs = -z d g, ':4.ae .- ,a :
h.#yf 6k ,.s ,[=. 'h y* y, * *
- k" <'[,
- '- t .
'*?', t'
* %I *[-e p ' f, ,f t,h3 h*a
!dk.y%U,$fik~.d,.$y$4dk,@.@{.,
- w f.s
.,."'s 3 .
5 y, ? g t' ",y. 1 g &g-r,.f..,q$yh 4 ~A;p.i r at
' ~ " 4 A[/ p ,i? 1,) .-Ns.:,
n i .1
" gi m' .m %3,.
e-< D. r $ g;
- v. . ,s.r.g:i
- h. w&&
;A[r.i 5.. MS *$w'.Yjfh: s,..e , -
'd
,ll1 ppi %g, d
,g l
gd . ._ x y*, ": } u. ',l 0 0 4 ge ' c r . u ' yW" t . ss
)
y or q'- ,
- g. Ph 3 d7 y..I.Y. ' . n/
aC gW.' . d0 [b e4 qv;' ^ 'I ' l5 Q c y+ d n".3 i C ) 9
~d,.N#%)."
rc3 ee ps . 5 m o 7NE{4* ipNk - s,.Q ,s
'? . .
e5N T/ d* Ce l n . n0 p p-$y. c?g? " - y-
).,
a0 m q2fyh p*- f - i 5 '" s ,.,M.. , . , h c+( n 8a e .h S nh[3' FQ yd',* ' j ucc
?#$p ?v. -i"T .
- t. Qet 9
qi Q
.,t
- :. i f h MI'nf c
*RyY:y
. ti h5 e
sa B t/ n 1
. MQF $ N Yt $ {# f y,QWm ' , f C o i
, o0t
,~ . $ i . u. .- I 5c
..ll a
@h,N W
$d7.y; f,d. j f f k_M i ?* q~ 4 X
0 :q ,w. d p 0 s1 u u , r t1d l ( o sdP p~ .g$ . $6;ykM$~E j I
- d. l1 ee
;rU pf
$- 4;.
;f{l,%,[
' a:
A :,: [ Rt e 7 V
~
ah
;y :
yet h" A . h r
~,h.S}%h#'
~
ff QJ. ?f . pT m a o
- $O9(f #.
' .e -
rt r gaF yS 5 oe
;yJU?9
<e.m 7,
l He l M:4-: l OQ l . adp tl m eea
?.W$'g:. p :,. *
$;yh. y MWS (Sgbbn .:.
k
~g y ff'.
E pa,,I')w%e:. K ,._, ~- 2 5
. .Cjp ': .
$w.M S- .
3
*h% & ,t:;& , .
- i.A. ; j u ' Gf{e-m
.: e I
f p r
- u g
4 +;,
. s: Q E' @3 '.D.q ~ 4[
et., i
?.fI GM[s- Qk[$g
? F
_ 5 - % ;. ~ gy* f]. g.~ . %,^g;
,% . i ?c i T ?
$%y.b' .c~.
;r/
.M5 ,(b h d i f: , ~
1 %L: ".
,! 6g'
' .k
. ;f I'
~
)d .
$ .YIf Y .: g 4
'J'
_e E' lc,@f .?, . N>
v
. 'l[* $
.c6: f. ..( % i 11 l 1 l 1 l ll'.ll
curve 75564 5-A - 100 i , , , , , , 100 .. o Charpy Energy ( ft-lbs) 90 , . % B !ttle Fracture - 90 fl 80 - - 80 70 - - 70 - o o
- 60
~- -
60 y f 2 . <> f o. ;
.-o ?
50 - - - +- - --- g; *
$ , g, ' 50 q
- u. ,
g .- 5 E 40 - I I
, l
/ :
LOWER BOUND 40 0 ca l I ; , 30 - l I l : - 30 l l 20 - o / : - 20 I,o o o
',s} ,
10 o l 10 Fatt s-115 F l v 0
' i d' . e' e '
- ': 0
-300 -200 - 100 0 100 200 300 400 Temperature ( F)
_ s Figure 3.53 Charpy Impact Test Results of the Gleeble Simul 6 tad HAZ High ' Hardness Zone in SA302 Grade B Steel s
g
,ki ~
- g
'. e- s - ' ;s O
.* O
_i- ,\ .! Wp, ' g }E,'ll ;' ' , ' * ' l (W
. o '
,e., 's f 1
- n. - y.u.., g.y;q. ?*I.Ie{[
y y %
. ;s.e \v.'t- u N ,
. e. AM.A i
', t.y&%( ~ * $ *'.3 .-~ Q% -~'y',
~
P.' ' *:'
\ ' ' )m;h. fjt y'fs2 Y.,yig. a nf.
?., Q w . Q g.u :Q,C' - 1p $ '.1 l f '
.l - s S h'$ ~ .'"
4 : :s ., n . Wb5.w
,e d:..<c.v e% ye k,:f,$e $ 4,.l,f
. .x.
a %.ye.3 z z;, W 't ;,'?. w's *.e G, c c
>f,s,
./' q s
.. f.+ , y ,;,',,
"th i svs. W . ,(t.y.ry t,. ti" cy%
*. -e. s Ep*
+ ,k *
.,yvgghjgf,(.y
.. s . ' ' ,. 4 tgj ..n
'4 U
C
*.*.s
. .,1%7\
..g %, . . [go!j f, , *'*.. -N ay %Q . s@t.. A v nit,% o
'"[ _
. J k, Rs..
~
... N,#' ' ,.= [p O
- s q u. . ~4 :7. , ;.
3 x. g. nn
% .o A , jy y:.2 7 f;; e.+g.Q..:. & %y. : .a ;
v,5w\ N'.wy'w' 'y' ,.sy~_.
~ > -
f.': , n e e
..,4 . , ,. A g G \;-
$fiQg[;4* f v
4.). '.,, Y '. f',s ' d, '{ l *
~
. 8
&'$..$h.f.O*'p L
a e :s es .N 'i. @.rA g I , lj. 6c:+ A **+ b . v\ &~
. -i
~',f f @' 0 U \ 5 . 2h:
O e EM F;4P / %"e ' kW ! .C cZ
#^
n up$.i.
; a w.
4;.0 ,,o
-a
~
s-m x
- Ay " -. .,
- ~,,
<.n T'
) e e .1, * ),)) ?.
b4
>2 s * ?': '.q
.3 t.O am t is $*< 2.# U *
;1. - - ge: :3 N L* -
f
- 4. ,. * .
. o=
uw
" U *w f . ,
0 - s n*
,f,
.' 4- g q';
) m
.- 5 N'.$
(g*['7j i" 9. $ r [r$;?.,..' ,0
- 1. .
u
)q}; r 5 x.
- =
i.e .rAL. . N 'f. $iL w
- 3. r- , pp. ,
l \
%mtM,&,,u.,.$w$$+.%nn.NT p**
s ,. c .
<n j/ ,
..~t-.
. .v..-mY.a
,i i
. , f -e .,
t
- J
&- . ,1Q'JM 4.' '; ,, g; 1 t _ e 7,;. .4 '. V -
,l
.. c ...(4O; m , ~. ~.y, , , , .-
u E a E & 2 *- c P e
- s 7
4 5 7 / 5 5 C 7
- 0 e 0 v 5 r
r u 3
+
3 ce f s n5 e/ . imC e c0 l e5 p1 c y S1 C l a m le r h p e c e u h nl n c e o T e c o u Cy m im c Q cr a e e S "re
- nh 5 p ST m e
T c e e lp d s u n 5 , eo a
/
C c c no h 0 er m r c n 5 fe e e l eh m e I RT u iT Q
/ "
e h t f o e c a c r3 e T3 s 5 r .
/
C eo
- dN 0 r 0
5 oe cl ip sm i a VS r 4 el e 2 pc my 3 eC T e r u g i F s
.Il 1 1}}