ML20148F326

AL Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Plant Site Aquatic & Terrestrial Annual Summary Rept. Info Re Environ Rept Encl

ML20148F326
Person / Time
Site:	07002909
Issue date:	12/31/1979
From:	Blye R, Nelson J, Wiese J R&M CONSULTANTS, INC.
To:
Shared Package
ML20148F312	List: ML20148F308 ML20148F315 ML20148F321 ML20148F326 ML20148F337
References
17615, NUDOCS 8011050016
Download: ML20148F326 (300)

Text

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AIABMIA N'IIEAR FUEL FMRICATIO'? PIANT SITE Agt:atic and Terrestrial Armual Sun.'.T y Teport for i

Westinghouse Electric Co.Tpany by J. L. Nelson, J. II. Micae, R. W. Blye, II. J. Paisingar, P. II. Slocur., D. E. Crandall, P.

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Ihtron K C ECOLOGIr21 DIVISION Pricks Icck Poad, R. D. 1 Pottstc'.m, Pennsylvania 19464 gg Dacadm r 1979

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i TABLE OF CONII"5 Page i

LIST OF TABLES.........

iv LIST OF FIGURES v

ACIGU4LEDGF1 ENTS.........................

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2 2.0 STMARY...........................

4 3.0 GENEPN., SITE DESCRIPTION 5

4.0 SOILS AND GEOIIXII...................

5 4.1 Methods 6.

4.2' Major Site Soils.......

8 4.3 Minor Site Soils....................

11 4.4 Soil Erosion Loss Estimates 13 5.0 HYDRC'.OGY..

13 5.1 lietilods 14 l

5.2 Surface Maters.....................

15 5.3 Groundwater 17 6.0 B."ER Q'JALIT'l........................

17 6.1 liethods 18 6.2 S':cface Waters.................

19 6.3 Groundwater 20 7.0 AQUA'IIC ECOIDW...................

7.1 1:ethods 20 7.1.1 Phytoplankton.

21 7.1.2 Periphyton 22 7.1.3 therophytes..

22 7.1.4 Zooplankton..

7.1.5 Benthic Macroinvertebrates 23 24 7.1.6 Ichthyop'ankton.

7.1.7 Fish 25 7.2 Results 28 7.2.1 Phytoplankton.

29 7.2.2 Periphyton 30 7.2.3 Macrophytes...................

30 7.2.4 Zooplankton..

7.2.5 Benthic 11acroinvertebrates 31 33 7.2.6 Ichthyoplankton....

34 7.2.7 Fish 36 7.3 Food Web.

7.4 Threatened and Endangered Species 38 i

39 8.0 'IERRESTRIAL ECOIOGY.....................

8.1 Methods 39 8.1.1 Vogetation 41 8.1.2 Mamals....

41 8.1.3 Avifauna 41 8.1.4 IIcrpetofauna 4

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a TABIE T COB? RENTS (cont.')

Page 8.0 TERRESTRIAL ECDILGY (ctnt.)

8.2 Results 8.2.1 Vegetation...............

42 8.2.2 Manreals.....................

50 53 8.2.3 Avifauna...

56 8.2.4 Herpetofauna........

59 8.3 Food Web 8.4 Agricultural Crops and Farm Animals......

60 8.5 Threatened, Endangered, and Special Concern Species.....

61 9.0 HISTORICAL AND AIOREQUDGICAL FEATURES..

63 64 10.0 LITEREURE CITED.......................

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i' LIST OF TABIES j

Page 1.

Major and minor soil types on the ANFFP site and areas 69 occupied by each......

7

'2.. Soil noisture and pH of major soil. types on the NEFP site...

70 3.

Results of hydrologic determinations made on the surface

~

71

- waters at the RGTP site.,..................

4.

Selected water quality criteria applicable to fish and 72 wildlife waters in Alabama...................

5.

Selected water quality criteria applicabic to public water 73 supply in Alabama Rarge of results of physical, chemical, and microbiological 6.

analyses of surface water samples collected at the NFFP site 74 7.

Range of results of physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses of groundwater sanples collected at the NFFP site 76 8.

Habitat features of the transects in Autatga Creek and Alabr.a River adjacent to the ANFP site...........

78 9.

Fish capture methods su:nnary at the ANFFP site....

79

10. Mean density (no./ml) of phytoplankton collected in Autau3a Creek (T-2) and Alabam River (T-4 ard T-9) at the ATFP site 80

11. Mean annual relative abundance of periphyton collected from

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Autatga Creek (1-1, T-2) and Alaba:ra River (T-3, T-4, T-5, 84 T-6A, and T-9) at the ANFFP site...

3

12. Mean density (ro./m ) of zooplankton collected in Autauga Creek (T-2) and Alabama River (T-4 and T-9) at the ANFFP site 88

13. Taxonomic list of aquatic macroinvertebrates collected at the 91 R EPP site during four seasonal surveys 2

14. Annual mean density (no./m ) by transect of benthic mero-invertebrates taken from Autauga Creek and Alabama River at 92

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tha N EPP site.

15. Benthic incroinvertebrate diversity by station by season at 94 the NFEP site......,...

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LIST OF TABIES (cont.)

Page

16. 1.ife stage an'l percent composition of larval fish collected in the Autauga Creek and Alabam River spring survey.....

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17. Density (ro./m ) of larval fish collected'in the Autaug'a 96 Creek and Alabama River spring survey

18. Density of larval fish ellected in the Autauga Creek and Alabama River spring survey. Data are means of the replicates 97 per transect.'........................

19. List of scientific and comron names of fishes taken by all methods in the Autauga Creek and Alabama River in the vicinity 98 of the RIFFP site

20. Seasonal surmary of nunbers and bicmass of fish collected at all transects on the NFFP site 100

21. Seasonal sumary of nunbers and biomass of fish collected at 302 Autauga Creek transect T-1..................

22. Seasonal sumary of numbers and bicnnss of fish collected at 103 Autauga Creek transect T-2..................

23. Seasonal stnrary of numbers and bicmass of fish collected.at 104 Alabama River transect T-3..................

24. Seasonal sumary of numbers and biomass of fish collected at 105 Alabama River transect T-4...................

25. Seasonal sumary of numbers and biomass of fish collected at 106 Alabama River transect T-5..................

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26. Seasonal sumary of numbers and bionass of fish collected at 107 Alabama River covo transect T-9 i

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27. Area occupied by the primary habitats which comprise the 108 ANFFP site...............

109

28. List of plants observed on the ANFFP site

29. Selected physical and structural characteristics of major habitats present on the AATFP site, fall survey 119

30. Density, basal arca, cover, ard divetuity indices for mjor 1 20 habitats on the ANFFP site, fall survey ii L-u--

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LIST OF TABLES (cont.)

4 Page

31. Results of quantitative ground cover vegetation samplirg on the REFP site during the sprirg and stmner survey....

121

32. Forest tree im;:ortance values recorded on the N 7FP site, fall survey.. '.......................

124

33. Forest saplim importance values recorded on the Ah"rTP site, fall surveyi.........................

125

34. Mamuals recorded on the AFITP rite during the fall, Winter, 126 spring, and su:rei terrestrial surveys

35. Estimated aburdance and distribution of food mrmals, fur-bearers, and ron-game species on the NETP site durira the fall, winter, spring, and sunicer terrestrial surveys 127

36. The pristry habitat types of 21 mumnal species recorded during four seasonal terrestrial surveys of the ANFFP site.....

128

37. Species cm. position, distribution, and estimated status of birds recorded on the NFFP site during the fall, winter, sprirg, and stcraer terrestrial surveys 129

38. List of pri~ary habitats of birds recorded on the MFFP site during four seasonal terrestrial surveys 134

39. Reptiles and amphibinns recorded on the A'TFP site during four seasonal terrestrial surveys 135

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40. Endangered, threatened, and special concern terrestrial biota indigenous to the central Alabara area 137 h

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LIST OF FIGUr.S Page 1.

Topography of the NG'FP Site, feet above mean sea level...

138 L

139 2.

Soil types on the ANFFP site 3.

Habitat types on the N:FFP site.................

140' 4.

Tha RTFP site shmiing locations of surface water transects -

141 (T) and wells (W) 5.

Estimated bathynetric profile and approximate ' contours of equal velocity (m/s) at' trancocts in the Alabama River bourri-ing the REFP site during the fall mey..........

142 i

143 6.

Bongo net used' to sample ichthyoplanhton 7.

- Diagramatic representation of the structure and function of the aquatic focd web at the ANFFP site 144 t

8.

A diagrantnatic representation of a terrestrial food web for the NEFP site 145' 1

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Assistance during field campling for this report tas provided bl Thanas Tatham, John McCaleb, Kevin Rapp, and George Christian. Chcrdcal analyses were performed

.y the PI Envirorrental Chenistry Laboratory.

Typing was done by Cardie Melnici;.

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1 1.0 IhmIOli This report is a compilation of the data frcrn the feur seasonal aquatic and terrestrial surveys that were conducted at the Alabama Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Plant (ANFFP)' site which is located in Autauga County, Alabama. This site was forrerly designated the Alpha-I site, consequently this is the site name used in the reprts for the fall, winter, and spring season surveys. 'The objectives of the site surveys were to identify the site soil types, determine the water quality for grourdwater and surface waters and the hydrolo3y for surface waters, identify the aquatic and ter-restrial flora and fauna, and identify species which are officially listed l

as rare and erdangered.

Field investigations of the ANFFP site were corducted 4-10 Deconber 1978 (fall), 26 Fcbruary - 2 March 1979 (winter),18-23 May 1979 (spring),

ard 6-10 Aa3ust 1979 (summer). The fall season survey was conducted by Ercrgy Inpact Associates and fall data presented herein is based on their I

report (EIA 1979). Hinter, spring, ard sunmer surveys were perfonned by Radiation Management Corporation (Pir 1979a, b, c).

d 2

2.0 SLINrl The ANFFP site is located on the inner Coastal Plain and is underlain by the Eutaw Formation. The major soil types were Lucedale on. uplands, i

Shubuta-Saffell on slopes, and Ochrepts on the floodplain. Nine niinor soil types were found. Site soil erosion loss was estimated to be 21.2 metric tons per hectare per year, which 'is (by caparison) about 45% of the. annual average for cottonfields continuously planted to cotton on 183 m long slopes with a 3% gradient.

Autauga Creek and Alabama River were found to be sof t, low alkalinity, well-oxygenated wannwater streams with 1cw nutrient, mineral, and trace

. I elem2nt concentrations. Wells on and around the ANFFP site appear to issue frcm the same aquifer.

The phytoplankton ccnmunity, represented by 100 taxa, was typical of that in lotic systcms.

It was dcminated by diatcms and exhibited a seasonal trend in abundance in response to changing water tengeratures.

Diatans (117 taxa) dominated the pariphyton ccnmunit,.y (143 total taxa).

As with phytoplankton, a seasonal succession was observed.

Aquatic macrophytes were not observed except in stumer when sparse grcwths of Sagitarria (arrcubead) were found at several littoral locations in the Alabama River.

Eighty-three taxa of zooplankton were collected.

Rotifers (63.9; of all zcoplankton) dominated the cottmunity as is typical of freshwater lotic systaiw.

Benthic macroinvertebrates were represented by 42 taxa. Chironcmidae, Tubificidae, or Corbicula manilensis ware the dcminant organisms at nest locations. Chironcmidae and Tubificidae were the nost diverse groups.

Seven taxa were collected in ichthyoplankton samples. Clupeids (four taxa ecmbined) represented 93.1% of all specimens.

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.i A total of 2931 fish of 53 species and 2 hybrida were collected. The prod active and relatively well-balanced. fish comunity contained numrous game i

(sunfish, bass, catfish) and forage (shad, shiners) species.

Vegetation-surveys yielded a total of 317 taxa of pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Greatest taxonanic diversity was found in the mature and i

successional oak forest and pasture habitats, and least in the cottonfield habitut. Fencerow habitat was internediate in diversity.

'IWenty-two species of manmals were recorded on the ANFFP site.

Eight mre classified as food mammals, 3 as furbearers, and the remaining 11 as l

i r.an-game species.

I i

i Birds were represented by 100 species. Migratory and breeding patterns I

I affected the seasonal camposition and frequency of occurrence of birds. The i

nort taxa were observed in sumer (61 taxa) while winter was the season of greatest abundarce.

Thirty-nine species of reptiles and amphibians were encountered on the ANFFP site. Herpetofauna diversity was related to season and habitat l

with 37 of 39 species recorded dnring' spring and sumrer.

l Agricultural crops covered 200.0 ha (60.8%) of the site. Winter wheat, cotton, and bahia and bermuda hay were the crops grown. A total of 85 cattic i

i' grazed the site during fall and 117 head during sumer.

No feden11y listed rare or endangered plants or animals wre found on the ANFFP site. Tw species (little blue heron and Cooper's hawk) designated by the State of Alabama as species of special concern were observed.

l No historical or archco' agical features were present on the ANFFP site.

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4 3.0 GE EPAL SITE DESQUPTION The NC4'P site is located in Autauga County, Alabama apprxim. ately 5 km south of Prattville and 14.7 km northtest of !!ontgomery. The site carprises approximately 329 ha bordered to the south by the Alabam River, the west by Autauga Creek and forested land, the rorth by Autauja County liighway 4, and the oaet by farmland (Fig.1). The southeast corner of the site is predcmina'tely lowland pasture and forest on the terrace of 'the Alahmua River. The rauainder of the site is upland pasture, forest, and cropland. The site is partially bisccted by a deep canyon beginning near the 4

middle of the site and continuing to the Alabama Ri.ver 0.4 kn upriver of the Autauga Creek confluence.

Water related recreational,use of the ANFFP site was observed during all seasonal surveys.

Anglers r'requented the creeks and river in all seasons.

In surmar several persons swam and picnicked at the sandy beach along the Alabama River.

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5 4.0 SOILS AND GEOIfGY Autauga County is located on the inner Coastal Plain and is underlain by unconsolidated highly stratified beds of sand, silt, and clay of the Eutaw Formtion (Harris ard Stubbs 1977, St. John 1978). Uplands of the southern part of the county where the AWFP site is located consist of weathered coastal plain sedimentis.

Lo.,' lands along the Alabam River in the same region consist of stream terraces and floodplains fonred fran the river and st-eam transported stratified sand, silt, and clay. Soil types present on site are' illustrated in Figure 2 and discussed in the followin]

l subsections. Soil descriptive information is from Harris and Stubbs (1977).

4.1 Methods Soil samples were obtained and general site soil characteristics were determined during the fall field survey, Site erosion characteristics and data for estimting erosion rates were detennined, and soil observations v.ere made.

Soil samples were returned to the Energy Impact Associates laboratory where noisture content and pH were measured (EIA 1979).

Annual soil crosion loss estimates were computed using U.S. Department of Agriculture tretledology described by Wischmier and' Smith (1972). Soil-loss 1

predictions are a function of average rainfall, soil-crodibility, slopa-length, i

slope-gradirnt, cropping-mmaganent, and crosion-control practices. The computational function used was:

A=RKLSCP i

where: A = computed soil loss per acre R = rainfall factor K = coil-crodibility factor L = slope-length factor S = slope-<Jradient factor C = croppinJ-management factor P = crosion-control practice factor

6 Erosion soil-loss estimates were prepared for the' site habitat types iden-tified in Figure 3 and averaged to obtain an estimate for the entire site.

/. 2 Major Site Soils The major site soils ircltrie Lucedale on uplands, the Shubilta-Saffell caaplex on upland slopes, and Ochrepts on th'e Alabra River floodplain.

These soils carprise 43.7, 23.2, and 11.5% of the site, respectively (Table

1). 'Lucedale fine sandy loam soils are separated into three types based on degree of slope and, erosion characteristics. Lucedale soil types on 0-2 and 2-5% slopes mver 27.5 and 16.2% of the site, respectively. Lucedale soil i

on 4-10% slopes covers 6.5% of.the site and is a minor site soil. Measured soil troisture and pH of the major site soils at the A2 (topsoil) and B2 (subsoil) horizons are presented in Table 2.

Lucedale fine san 3y loam, 0-21 slopes, occupies the tops of ridges and plateaus, and Lucedale, 2-5% slopes, occupies the upper slopes of ric1 es and plateaus. These soil types consist of well-drained, nearly level 3

to sloping soils on uplands. The soil is foracd in thick beds.of unconsoli-dated marine deposits. It consists of a dusky-red fine sandy loam topsoil about 23 an thick. The subsoil consists of dark-red fine sandy loam to a depth of 91 an and dark-red sandy clay lcam to a depth of 240 cn.

The soil is moderately penneable (1.5-5.1 cm/h). All Lucedale soils are good for road fill and topsoil, favorable for road construction, allow moderate seep-age fran ponds, require a binder for cabanknents,and have a low shrink-swell potential.

The Ochrepts loamy soil type on 0-5% slopes is found on the Alabama

' River floodplain.

It is a well-drained soil formed in thick beds of recently 4

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7 depraited stream alluviun. The topsoil is dark-brown loam 15 cn thick.

The subsoil is brown silty clay loam to a depth of 66 an and dark-brwn silty clay loam to a depth of 147 an. The urderlying traterial to a depth of 24 cm is dark yellowish-brown loam that contains thin layers of silt loam and sandy loam. Permeability of the soil is moderate (1.5-5.1 au/h).

Much of this soil type is flooded annually. Ochrepts soil is a good source of topsoil and a fair source of road fill and has a low shrink-swell poten-

tial, i

Shubuta-Saffell cacrplex soils,10-30% slopes, occur on hilly Coastal Plain uplands. On the ANEP site they occupy the steep slopes separating the upland areas fran creek and river floodplains. The Shubuta member of this complex has a dark grayish-bro'.;n fine sandy loan surface layer 10 cm thick. The subsoil is yellowish-red, very firm clay to a depth of 58 an and red, friable sandy clay loam to a depth of 86 an.

The underlying man-ber of this canplex has a reddish-brown gravelly fine sandy loam surface layer 13 cm thick. The subsoil is red gravelly clay loam to a depth of 81 cm and red gravelly clay loam to a depth of 119 an. The underlying material to a depth of 152 on is yellowish-red, finn sandy clay loam rrottled with strong brown. The Saffall member is on upper slopes and the Shubuta manber is on midsinpes and toeslopes. The soil is slowly permeable (0.5-1.5 au/h) and subject to severe erosion due to slope. The soil has a fair suitability as a source of topsoil and for road fill due to clayey subsoil and is suscepti-ble to sliding (unstable slopes) which limits its usefulness for highways.

It allows slow seepage from ponds; has low strength and stability, limiting its asefulness for anbanhnents; has poor sod establishnent characteristics; and the subsoil has nederate shrink-swell potential.

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1 The strongly acid soil reaction of the major' site' soils tends to r

dissolve iron and manganese fran soil minerals (Cook 1962) allowing rain-fall to leach these minerals into ground and surface waters.

'4.3 Minor Site Soils 1.

Minor site' soils include nine different soil types canprising 21.6%

of the site area (Table 1).. These soil types inc1tde the following series:

Faceville, Lucedale, Saffell, Troup, Ruston, Harleston, MacQueen',

i 3

Ochrepts, and Roanoke.

Faceville and Lucedale soils occur on slopes; and Harleston, MacQueen, Ochrepts, and Roanoke soils occur on terraces and I

floodplains.

Faceville sardy clay loam, 2-5% slopes, is a well-drained, gently s' pirg soil. The topsoil is' reddish-brvm sandy clay loam 13 cm thick.

a The subsoil is red clay loam.to a 28 cm depth, red sandy clay to a 94 an depth, and red clay mottled with brown and very pale brown to a 165 an depth. Water infiltration is at a mcderate rate (1.5-5.1 cm/h) ard a

' moderate amount (0.09-0.13 cra/an of soil) is available to plants. The soils provide poor traction for machinery when wet.

Terraces and close-growiry crops are effective in controlling erosion.

The soil's use for topsoil,. road fill, and roads is limited by the clayey subsoil.

The soil is suitable for pond and enhankment construction.

Lucedale fine sandy loam, 4-101 slopes and eroding, is similar to the more gently sloping Lucedale scries soils described in Section 4.2 except for steeper slopes, a thinner topsoil layer and the presence of rills, shallow i

and deep gullies.

The soil is subject to erosion due to moderate slopes.

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9 Saffell gravelly fine sandy loam, 2-8% slopes, is similar to the Saifell Iranber of the Shubuta-Saffell emplex except that the subsoil is less clayey, slopes less steep, and topsoil thickar. Erosion hazard is

. moderate to severe. The soil provides good road fill and is suitable for roads. It is fair to poor for topsoil, ponds, and embankments due to its high gravel content. It has a lw shrink-swell potential.

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Troup loamy sand, 2-8% slopes, also formed in unconsolidated marine deposits. Trie surface layer is dark brown to a 23 cm depth, dark yelimish brwn to a 41 cm depth, and strong brown to 122 cm depth. The subsoil is yellwish-red loamy sand to a 1,63 cn depth and red sandy loam to a 203 cm i

depth. Permeability is rapid (15-51 m/h), but the available water capa-1 city is low (0.05-0.10 aty'ca of soil). The soil has a pH of 4.5 to 5.5 and a low shrink-swell potential. The soil is good for road fill and road aan-struction, but poor for ponds and embankments.

Ruston fine sandy loam, 4-10% slopes eroded, is a well-drained soil on loamy marine deposits. The topsoil is brown fine sarr3y loam to a 20 on depth. The subsoil is yellwish-red saady loam to a 43 cm depth, red clay loam to a 142 an depth, and red sandy clay to a 183 cm depth. The soil is favorable as a source of topsoil, road fill, rmd construction, and enbank-mants, but has the limitation of moderate scepage for pond construction.

The soil has a pH of 4.5 to 6.0, rroderate permeability (1.5-5.1 crty'h) and low shrink-swell potential.

Ilarlesten loamy fine sand is a moderately well-drained soil formed in nearly level, thick beds of unconsolidated loamy stream deposits. The top-soil is dark grayish-brw n loamy fine sand to an 18 cm depth. The subsoil

10 is light olive-brovm fine sandy loan to a 36 cn depth, light olive-bro.m fine sardy loam trottled with yellowish-brown to 48 an, light olive-brown sandy clay loam nottled with light brwnish-gray, strong brown and yellow-ish-red to 84 on and yellwish-brown, strong brown and red sandy clay to 165 cn.

The seasonal high water table is at a 61 on depth. When wet, the soil provides poor traction and support for auchinery. Perreability is moderate (1.5-5.1 an/h) and available noisture is noderate to high. The soil is a good source of road fill but poor for road construction, topsoil, ard arbanir.ent materials. The soil allows rroderate seepage fran ponds. It has a lw shrink-swell potential r *

'f 4.5 to 5.5.

MacQueen silt loam is a well-dro..

1y level soil on the 1m Alabama River terrace at the southeastern corner of the site. The soil is formed in fine-to nudiun-textured river deposits. The topsoil is brown silt loam to a 20 ca depth. The subsoil is yellowish-red silty clay to 86 cn and rottled strong-brwn and yellowish-red chy loam to 142 cm. The underlyirrj material to a depth of 178 cn is strong-brown sandy clay loam.

The seasonal high water table is below 183 cn.

The soil dries slowly after rain because permeability and runoff are slow; it is subject to late winter or early spring flocding 1 yr in 10.

The soil is a fair.murce of road fill l

and topsoil, has nederate traffic supportirg capacity but is poor for pords l

and arbankments tecause of sandy layers. The subsoil has a low penneability (0.15-0.51 crfn) limiting water infiltration. The soil has a low to rioderate shrink-swell potential ard has a pH of 4.5 to 6.5.

Ochrepts lorny soil, 5-252 clopes, is similar to the nore gently slop-i s Ochrepts soil described in Section 4.2 except it has steeper slopes and t

11 thiiner. topsoil. It occurs on roderately steep slopes bordering the Alabama River and the lcraer reaches of Autauga Creek (Fig. 2). The soil has nunerous narrcra, nearly horizontal benches separated by gentle to nearly vertical slopes. Most of the soil is flooded

• annually, a condition that severely. limits its use.

~

Roanoke cnrplex soils are level to gently undulating on terraces above the Alabsta River at the southeastern corner of the site (Fig. 2).

The soils formed in thick beds of fine-textured strean deposits. The top-soil is gray silty clay loam to a depth of 25 cn.

The subsoil is light-gray silty clay nuttled with strong-brown to a 79 an depth and mottled t

I light gray, yellowish-brcreen and strong-brown clay to 137 cm. Underlying material to a 183 an depth is brownish-yellw clay mottled with light gray and yellcraish-red. The seasonal high water table is at or near the soil surface. The soil often contains winter ponds and is subject to ficoding fran the Alabama River once in 10 yr. The soil also has low permeability

(<0.5 an/h), is strongly acid (pH, 4.5-5.5), has a moderate shrink-swell potential, has poor suitability for topsoil ard road fill, and has 1cra strength and high coupressibility when used for anbanirmts.

4.4 Soil Erosion Loss Estimates Total site soil erosion loss under the present agricultural land use was estimated to be approximately 21.2 t/ha (metric tons per hectare) per year frcm the site with the two major sources of soil erosion sediment being the canyon and the cottonfield. For car.parison, a 3-yr crop rotation of corn, oats, and meadow grass on a 9% slope 22 m in length as a standard on the

2.

a.

12 average annually produces 17.9 t/ha of erosion soil loss (Cook 1962), and cottonfields continuously planted to cotton on 183 m long slopes with a gradient of 3% on the average annually prcduce 47.1 t/ha.

- The main erosional feature on the site is a canyon exten: ling.1100 m frm the Alabama River north northeastward toward the center of the site, r

At its head the canyon has steep sides extending upaard 30 m to the undulatinguplandtsurfaceabove. Additionally, seven steep-sided gullies have eroded into the upland Shubuta-Saffell soil emplex nost prominently

~ on the western side of the site (Figs.1 and 2).

Gullies too small to indicate on Figure 1 have also, eroded into the southern end of the site in i

the same soil' type. Erosion in the gullies and canyon tends to be by headdall slumping resulting from the weakly consolidated clayey gravel soil typas.

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13 5.0 'HYDROIfGY

,i Hydrological characteristics of the surface and ground waters on and-

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around the ANFFP site were determined during four seasonal surveys. Sur-j face waters were mapped and their bathyrretric characteristics, velocities, ard volumetric flow rates determined. The depth, diameter, and yield of l

1 selected wells on ard near the site were determined fran field sttidies or fran available literature.

t i

5.1 14ethods i

During the fall' survey stream discharge was determined at transects j

T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, ' T-5, T-6, and T-8 (Tig. 4). Velocities were treasured.

I j

with a Gurley meter model 665 or, in low velocity areas, with a Pygmy e

Gurley meter-model 625 which has' a lower detection limit of 0.015 Ws.

)

Velocity was measured fran surface to bottom at 1.5 m intervals. In the

)

iiver, depth profiles were obtained at sublocations 1, 3, end,5 (Section

{

7.0) and at midstream in the creeks. Continuous depth measurements at i

river transects were mde with a Raytheon fathaneter. Other dimensions i

were measured with tapea and calibrated lines, or fran maps.

In succeeding seasons, discharge was determined at transects T-1, T-2, T-3, ard T-5 by the trethod described by Welch (1948). Stream linear velo-i i

city was measured with a Marsh-McBirney digital flowmeter (lower detection l

t limit 0.01 Ws). Mean linear velocity was determined by averaging the j

f velocity at surf ace and bottan at seven locations along each transect. Mean i

depth was determined by averaging seven soundirns taken along a given tran-l I

sect. Width was determined with a split-imge optical rarne firder.

i l

t l

14 Volumatric flow was calculated by the followin3 fornula:

Q=DxWxVxK 3

where: 0 = rrean discharge (m /s)

D = mean depth (m)

W = width (m) 7 = mean linear velocity (m/s)

K = constant to account for coefficient of friction (0.9 for smooth bottom) 5.2 Surface Waters Autauga Creek (T-1, T-2), the Alaba:ra River (T-3, T-4, T-5), an unnamed canyon floa (T-6) beginning near the center of the MTFP site, and another unnami Alabama River tributary at the eastern site boundary (T-8) ccntprise the ANFFP site surface waters (Fig. 4).

Hydrological characteristics of these waters are given in Table 3.

2 The Alabama River drains about 39,000 km at the U.S. Geological Survey gauge at Route 31, 6.4 km upstream of the Autauga Cred. confluence and is regulated by several dams. The bathymetry of the Alabama River at the site is such that the bottaa is relatively flat with steep sides, typical of channels rnintained by dredging (Fig. 5).

Based on four seacoral sample 3

naasurements the r: nan volumatric flow is 928 ra /s (Table 3). The mean daily Alabama River discharge for the period 1969 through 1975 ranged 500-709 m /s 3

with an average discharge of 600 m /s (U.S. Departrent of the Interior 1975).

6 The instantaneous data reported herein are biased high due to the high flows during the winter survey.

If the winter data ware discounted, the instantaneous values reported here would agree well with those reported by the U.S. Departnent of the Interior (1975).

15-4 Autauga Creek forms the western site boundary'and drains approximately 282 km at the unused stream gage at Prattville which is 8.4 km upstream of 2

~ the confluence.

It is a relatively slw-moving, meandering stream and has no riffle at the ANFFP site. The banks are heavily worried to the shore-line. Stream velocity was not reasureable at T-2 during fall, spring, and su:mer surveys due to conplex fim patterns associated with influx of Alabama River current. D'uring spring and summer, discharge for d m nstream Autauga Creek was obtained near T-7 (Fig. 4) where velocity was measureable. The

]

3 nean snnual discharge for Autauga Creek for these surveys was 6.6 m /s.

The 1939-1956 average discharge-at Prattville was 5.1 m /s (range 0.08-651.0) 3 (Bingham 1978).

The canyon flw issues from the center of the ANFFP site and flows

~

southwesterly through a gorge. The stream is narrow (1.8 m), shallw (sev-3 eral cm), and has a sandy substrate. Discharge (0.02 m /s) was measured only during the fall survey.

The eastern tributary site (T-8) is locat W in a slackwater formed by a beaver dam.

5.3 Groundwater Well W-1 was locatcd behind an abandoned house, on the northern edge of the ANFFP site, which was razed in January 1979.

It is 17.7 m deep and 0.6 m in diameter. No yield data are available for W-1; hwever, during sant-pling for water quality analysis in the fall of 1978, an attenpt to pump /

flush the well had to be halted due to lm yield. Well W-2 is at a house in the northeastern section of the ANFFP site. The well is 61 m deep and 10 cm in diameter. No yield data are available for N-2.

IIowever, the resident indicated that it had yielded sufficient water for livestock as well as for r-r,--n

.,r,,,-vr

,ne

16 domestic purposes. Well W-3, just east of the NEtP boundary, is 122 m deep and 15 cm in diameter, and has a yield of 151 liters per min (Scott 1960).

The groundwater information collected as part of this study provide little insight into groundwater novement (i.e., direction and velocity),

quantity, recharge rate, or aquifer norphology. Therefore, no attempt will be made to discuss groundwater hydrolcgy in detail. The only gener-alization that can be made is that groundvater on the REF7 site prchably flo.es south or southeast and that the water table is relatively deep based on the depth of the residential wells.

m.

- ~.

17-6.0 1%TER GALITY Grab samoles' for detemination of physical, chemical, and micro-biological water quality were collected seasonally from surface waters ard wells at the ANETP site. The samples were analyzed to characterize the various waters on the site and to determine their ccanpliance with

. appropriate Alabama criteria (Tables 4 and 5).

t 6.1 Methods Surface water sanples for physical, chcmical, and ricrobiological analysis were collected as midtransect grabs during all seasons at T-1 I.

and T-2 on Autauga Creek and at T-3 and T-5 on the Alabama River, ard during fall and sumer at T-6 on the canyon creek (Fig. 4). Groundwater samples were collected frcxn distribution taps during all seIsons at wells designatd W-2 and W-3; during fall at W-1; during winter at W-1A; and during spring at the nearest city (Prattville municipal water.at the Prattville Police Station).

Dissolved oxygen (YSI bbdel 52A rmter; azide nodification of 6

Winkler titration method in fall), pH (Photovolt 126; Trophy pH meter in fall), temperature (mercury thermometer; YSI S-C-T model 33 in fall), and specific corductance (Hach 163000; YSI S-C-T nodel 33'in fall) were deter-mined in situ. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was not determined on the well sam-ples during winter, spring, and summer because passage through distribution systans would have obscured the meanire of the results.

After collection all samples were appropriately presa.xved, placed in containers and cooled, and shipped via air to analytical laboratories in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (fall) and Pottstown, Pennsylvania (all ot.her seasons).

e e

.,4

-,--r,

-m.

--,r--

-r-------..---

,--v-.,-,-.-..-~.,,w,,

+..,..----...,-,,e e,-,,-4cm

18-l

6. 2.

Surface Waters Autauga Creek and Alabama River water quality as determined from sam-ples obtained at transects T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-5 -(all four seasons), and

. the canyon creek transect T-6 (fall 1978 and numer 1979) was' typical of

' soft (total hardness range 0-60 n.g/l as CACO ) (Hem 1971), Icw alkalinity 3

l streans (Table 6). All three streams were well-oxygenated; no unusual tenparature or di'ssolved oxygen values were obtained. The Alabama River had lcw concentrations of nutrients, minerals, and trace metals at both transects but lwer concentrations at T-5 which is upstream of the Autauga Creek con-fluence. With the exception of phosphate-phosphorus (all seasons), total alkalinity (strr.T.er), fecal coli5orms (fall and summar), iron (winter), and 1

silver (winter, spring, su=er) Alabama River water meets the criteria for protection of fish and wildlife in Alabama (Table 4). The quality of the Alabama River is better than that of Autauga Creek despite the preceding parameters which do not meet established criteria. Concentrations of several of the noted non-cmpliant parameters are probably increased as a result of inputs from Autauga Creek.

Autauga Creek had lo.e concentrations of most parameters measured but was more degraded than the Alabama River, likely the result of point and i

nonpoint source discharges upstream of T-1 at the city of Prattville. These discharges were probau-he primary source of coliform bacteria and nutrients.

)

i Only pil (fall), total alkaunity (all seasons), phosphorus (all seasons), fecal coliform bacteria (fall, spring, summer), iron (fall, spring, sumer), and sil-ver (winter, spring, sumw) exceeded the criteria established by the state of Alabama to protect aquatic fauna and flora (Table 4).

~19 t

The canyon flcw was sampled in fall and st:$er only. Most parameters measured were found in lower concentrations than in either of the other tw streams, probably due to the short distance over which the creek travels j

and the uninhabited nature of the ATFP site. The quality of the canyon

. creek was'similar to that of Autauga Creek with the exception of fecal coli-form bacteria and iron loads which were lower for the canyon flow.' Both j

the canyon creek and Autauga Creek had very low alkalinity which was to be expected from streams draining parallel basins. Of the parameters measured, l

. phosphorus (fall) and silver (sumer) exceedM State criteria' (Table 4), and 6

alkalinity (fall, sumTer) was below the reccnnanded criteria.

i 6.3 Groundwater Groundwater samples were collected frcm W-1. (fall), U-JA.(winter), W-2 (all seasons), U-3 (all seasons), and the Prattville municipal source (sprir,g).

The groundwater on and near the KGTP site secas to be of cons. tant and gooi quality, althotsh analyses performed on the fall 1978 sample from W-1 indi-cated poor quality (Tabic 7). This well was abandoned and therefore probably stagnant and contaminated. Well W-1 was not sampled in subsecpent seasons.

With few exceptions, the groundwater from W-1A, W-2, and W-3 was similar (Table 7). Most of the variations between wells were slight; concerned iron, i

Both W-2

. copper, and zinc; and probably resulted from residential plumbing.

The Pratt-and W-3 had increased coliform incteria concentrations in summer.

ville sample had higher CACO 3 than the well aamples. With the exception of the increascd coliforms in W-2 and W-3 in su:Trner and discounting the fall W-1 sample, all samples meet the interim primary drinking mter stardards (O. S.

EPA 1976b). It appears that all wells on and around the NsTP site issue frcIn the same aquifer.

6

-..-.---.--,-,,,-,,_-,,,.-..-.~,r.-v.-..c~.-~~-,-_~,-.~

.-~,...~.m%...

-...g I

o 20-i e

I 7.0 AQtRTIC ECOIfGY f

i Collections of aquatic flora an1 fauna were rade at seven transects i

adjacent to the PNFFP site (Fig. 4). On Autauga Creek tw transects were j

i sampled: T-1, approximately 1.8 km upstrezen frcm the mouth; and T-2, at the j

i creek mouth. Transects T-3, T-4, and T-5, located at the dcunriver, mid-t f

site, and upriver site boundaries, respectively, were the rainstrea:n i

Alab'ama' River sa g ling locations. T-9 was in a cove or bacb7ater on the

'l i

Alabama River. In addition to these major stations, periphyton was sampled j

I at T-6A, on the river just below the canyon cree't confluence. A brief des-j i

cription of the habitat at each location is presented in Table 8.

s t

In this report sampling locations on creek and river transects are t

sanetimes given sublocation codes to designate relative position along a transect. The area along the left shore (facing upstream) is designated l

l sublocation 1 (e.g., T-3(1)). Sublocation 3 ic lccated at midstream; sub-

]

i lccation 5 is adjacent to the right shore.

l l

7.1 Methods j

7.1.1 Phytoplankton Phytoplankton of Autauga Creek and Alabama River'was sampled quarterly.

I Single subsurface grab samples were collected frcm stations T-2 and T-4 in fall. Duplicate sm:ples were collected frcm stations T-2, T-4, and T-9 l

in winter, spring, and sumrer. Each sample was collected by subrerging

]

a 1-liter plastic bottle just below the water surface and field preserved l

I with Lugol's solution.

In the laboratory each sample was concentrated to 100 ml and a 0.1 ml aliquot removed for examination in a Palmer-Maloney cell under a compound microscope (400 X).

All organisms in 4

.,-..c#--

,,,,_,.,,y_

_._,ym.,c%,.-

,m., m r w

,,,-,n m

.,m m_m,-

i 31 i

the subsample were enumerated and density reported as nudiar of organisms '

l per milliliter. 'With duplicate samples, density was based on a mean of the l

samples.

j f

Phytoplankters were identified to the losest practicable taxonomic l

l

. level using the following keys: Pahner (1962), Weber (1971), Hansnann j

(1973), and Whitford ard Schu:mcher.(1973).

t 7.1.2 Periphyton L

Single samples were callected from transects T-1 and T-2 (Autauga Creek) l and T-3, T-4, T-5, and T-6A (Alabama River) during the fall survey. Dupli-i i

cate samples were collected at all these transects and T-9 (Alabama River) t 1

during the succeeding surveys. However. no samples were collected at T-5 i

and T-6A during winter due to high, turbid river conditions. Collections were l

made by scraping approxinntely 10.5' cm2 (fall) and 10.0 an2 (winter, spring, l

I and stmner) of natural substrate surface (e.g., subnerged roots, logs) and field preserved with Lugol's solution.

Diatan enumeration was made from permanent slide mounts prepared accord-ing to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methods (Neber 1973).

Slides were

.I randomly scanned under a conpound microscope (1000 x) oil enersion until 100 organisms were counted or the entire slide was examined. Non-diatoms were j

1 identified by concentrating the sample to 100 ml and examining entirely a 0.1 i

m1 subsample.

Diatom abundance in winter, spring, and fall was based on the nean of l

duplicate samples. Taxa contributing nore than 20% of the total number of organisms were designated as " abundant". Those contributing 5-203 l

and less than St were designated as "noderate" and "infrcquent", respectively.

l

22' Non-diatms v.ure reported as "present" or " absent" at each station during During the. fall and suaner surveys non-diatoms the winter and spring surveys.

were classified according to the same categories as diatoms.

The following keys were used to identify the periphyton to.the 1cr.eest practicable taxonomic level: Palmer (1962), Patrick and Reimer (1966),

Weber (1971), IIabsnann (1973), Whitford and Schtrnacher (1973), and Patrick and Reimer (1975).

7.1.3 Macrophytes Transects T-2, T-3, arrl T-9 were observed visually for the prese.Te of aquatic macrophytes during each season. The littoral area at eacn tran~

sect wns thoroughly excmined.

7.1.4 Zooplankton In fall single zooplankton samples were collected frcm stations T-2 and T-4 by tcr.eing a metered, 0.5 m diareter 80p (micron) mesh plankton net for 3 min. In the remaining seasons duplicato samples were collected from stations T-2, T-4, and T-9 using a 0.3 m diameter 80u mesh plankton net fitted with a General Oceanics model 2030 digital flcuneter. Three minute subsurface tows 3

were used to collect samples frun T-4, while 0.38 m of water was poured through the net at T-2 and T-9, a nore efficient method in the restricted area at these stations. All smnples were field preserved with fomalin.

Samples were concentrated to 100, 200, or 250 ml depending on the

, quantity of suspended material present, and three 1 m1 s.bsamples were counted ucing a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber under a cmpound microscope O

..m..

,,.......r_

-,,.,,,..w._,,..

.,.,,,,,_m,,,

.,v

_. =

, ~

23 1

(100-200 x).. Only intact zooplankton were identif.ica but all organists

'in the sample were enumerated. Many nonloricated rotifers contracted in

)

i preservation and were not identifiable.

For winter, spring, and summer, estimates of mean density based on duplicate samples were calculated using the following formula:

i d = "*8 oa where: d = density (no./m3)

.s = concentrated volt:me (ml)

?

3 o = collected voltre (m )

a = analyzed volu:re (ml) n = orgartisms counted l

Zooplankters were identified to'the lo. cst practicabic taxon with the aid of Edmundson (1959) and Ruttner-Kolisko (19.74).

7.1.5 Benthic nacroim ertebrates Benthos samles were collectcd quarterly by Ponar grab from one loca-tion on transects T-1, T-2, T-6, and T-9.

Three sublocations (1, 3, 5) were t

campled on transacts T-3, T-4, and T-5.

In the canyon creek (T-6) samples were obtained only during the fall survey; the cove (T-9) was sampled only in winter, spring, and marner. During the fall survey,a singl: Ponar grab was taken at each rarrpling station while duplicate samples were taken durirr;

,f the three remaining seasons. Fall season samples were field preserved with 10% formalin, transferred to ethyl alcolul, and stained with rose bengal; organisms +.2re examined at 100 x magnification and tubificids (wonas) and chironanids (midges) were rounted and examined at up to 1500.x magnification.

Winter, spring,. and stmrcr camples were washo.1 in the field through a U.S. 30 standard sieve. (595p), and the residue was preserved with 10% formalin.

In

-. _. ~..,. _.. -.. _ _ _,. _ _... _., _. _...

1

- 24 the laboratory these samples were sorted without magnification. All organ ~

isus were identified to the lowest practicable level with a dissecting scope (40 x) or campound microscope (1000 x oil imnersion) as necessary, Density estimates were based on means of the duplicate sa:rples.

The following keys were used to identify the henthic macroinvertebrates to the lcraest practicable taxonomic level: llamilton (1959), Usirger (1968),.

Mason (1973), Burch (1975), Ililsenhoff (1975), Beck (1976), Pennak (1978),

Merritt-and Cumins (1978), and Brinkhurst aryl Jamieson (1971).

7.1.6 Ichthyoplankton i

Ichthyoplankton wa; srpled with borgo nets at T-2(3), T-9(3), T-4(1),

' T-4 (3), and T-4 (5) durirrj the spriag sun cy. Tows were rade heading into 1

the current except at T-9 uhere the lereth of the backwater was sampled.

Bongo nets consisted of two 1.14-m long cylinder cone nets, 0.47-mn Nitex

-mesh, attached to an aluainum borgo fra:te for duplicte sample collection (Fig. 6). The bongo cyliry2ers were 0.28 m long and 0.2 m in diameter. A General Oceanics digital flov.iteter, rnlel 2030, was centered in the right net to estimate volune filtercd.

I Tows were made with a 4.9 m boat fitted with a side-arm boam ard hand-winch rcounted amidship on the starboard side an3 powered by a 20-hp outboard motor. An 19.2-hg bat wing depressor attached to the towiny cable provided both weight and stability durirg tows. The borgo frame was mounted on the towirs cable 0.5 m above the depressor to prevent the nets from samplirg botton sediment. As the boat r oved forward the sartpler was 3asered to tho 1

l

-bottan and retrieved to the surface at a constant rate. By maintainirg a cable argle of 45 an unbiased sa:rple of the entire water colunn was obtained.

e r.

+,-,

w,

,,.---..,,,n,,,_,,,,,--,,,..-,-,.

,,,,.------,*,,w,r,,.

..e-

25 Sagle chration was measured from the start of eadh tw to retrieval of the nat, and flocater readings were taken before and af ter each tow. The i

contents of each net were preserved in 10% iormlin to which rose bengal,.

a protein specific dye, had been added.

The volums of water filtered was estimated by the following formula:

t 4

3 (C/D (2.61) + 3.47)

(AD)

Voluma filtered (m ) =

100

?

where: C = nt:nber of counts, read from floareter D = saaple duration (s) 2 A = area of net opening (m )

Calibration consbnts were supplied by General Oceanics, Inc.

In the laboratory, larval fish were sorted from debris, placed in 5%

fouralin, and subsegaently identified and counted. Myoceres were counted with the aid of polarized light. Ichthyoplankton were classified as egg, prolarval, g>stlarval, or juvenile according to lhtbbs (1943), except that larvac with a minute yolk sac remainirg were terrc.ed postlarvae. Mcan den-sity was detennined based on duplicate samples.

Identification keys used were Puiman (1978), Hogue et al. (1976),

Lippson and Moran (1974), Jones et al. (1978), and Tabor (1969).

7.1.7 Fish Six transects, two in Autauga Creek (T-1 and T-2), and four in the Alabama River (T-3, T-4, T-5, T-9) were sampled in the four season ichthyo-faunal survey of the ABFFP site (Fig. 4). Sublocations 1 and 5 were sam-pled at transects T-3, T-4, and T-5.

Fish were collected by boat electro-fisher, gill net, trap not, ana acine. Table 9 strmarizes callection methcxis i

4 7

'26 by station by season..- A few specimens were ta).cn at T-2 durirg the winter survey by dip' net and angling.

During the fall survey, gill nets measuring 38 x 1.8 m with panels of 19,.25, 32, 33, and 51 ma nush were set at a,45' angle doanstream from shore at each transect (T-3 (1), T-3 (5), T-4 (1), T-5 (1), and T-5 (5)) once 4

~

For the winter and spring surveys, during the. day for a minimun of 6 h.

multifilament gill nets 30.5 x 1.8 m with stretched-mesh' sizes of 51, 76, 102, and 127 nm were fished at sublocations 1 and 5 at transects T-2, T-3, l

T-4, T-5, and T-9.

During the str:mer survey a mxofilament gill net 45.7 x n

2.4 m with mesh sizes of 32, 51, and 76 nr1 and a multifilament gill net were set at each transect. Gill nets were fished one night at each sub-location during the winter, spring, and sumrcr surveys. Nets were set par-allel to the current between 1500 and 1700 h and pulled appnxinutely 17 h later. Gill nets could not be used successfully at T-1 and were attempted there only during the winter survey.

A seine 30.5 x 1,2-m with 6.4-m mesh was used at T-9 and T-4(1) during the fall survey. In succeeding surveys a seine 2.4 m x 1.2 m with 3.2 nm l

bar n;esh was used. Seinire was done at T-1, T-2, and T-4(1) in sprirg and l

i at T-1, T-2, T-3 (5), and T-4 (1) in st=ner. Sc.ines were not used in the winter l

t survey due to high water conditions.

l Trap nets consisted of two rectangular 0.9 x 1.3-m netal frames, follcaed by a series of four 0.8-m netal hoops, all enclosed in 1.0-on mesh netting and fitted with a 0.9 x 15.2-m leader which extended frcxn the trap to the sinre.

They were fished continuously and checked daily during the winter, spring, and staner surveys.

In winter one trap net was fished in

.the shalloa, low velocity area of T-1 and one at T-9.

'Iko nets were set at u

J

-4 27 the backwater T-9 during the spring and sumer surveys, one midway in fmn the mouth and one at the trouth. A trap net set at T-1 was stolen during the spring survey; subsequently trap nets were not used at T-1.

Night electrofishing was conducted in vinter, spring, and stumer along approximately 50 m of shoreline both up-and dcrmstream of transects T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, an'd T-5.

The backwater area, transect T-9, was electrofished l

ccapletely.

In addition, day electrofishing wan conducted at T-1 and T-2 l

(Table 9).

l The electrofishing apparatus consisted of a 5.2-m aluninum toat equipped with a bow shocking cage. Four electrodes, each cceposed of two 122-cn long elcr:cnts of 1-cm diaTeter flexible alu.airA:m conduit, fortred the ancde array which hung fran a T-1:oan off the bow. Two catl.<x'c urrays each i

cmrosed of three 122-an long elements of 1.27-cai disaeter flexible aluninun conduit were hu.s from the gunwales. A generater supplied 230 V alternating j

current to a variable volti.ge pulsator which transformed it to direct cur-rent and supplied it to the anode auni. Approximately 5 A of 40 Hz current with a pulse width of 259 was cmployed in the river. A current of 3-5 A of l

65 Hz and a pulce width of 75% was used in the creek due to low conductivity.

The generator also powered eight floodlights used to attract and sight f.ich and a livebox aerator. Shrrkcd fish were collected by scap not, placed in the aerated livebax, and subscquently prccesced. Most were released alive to the stream.

All fish 153-am fork lcrgth (FL) and longer were identificd, measured to the nearest mi.llimeter FL, and weighed to the rearest gram (g). Fish

28

<153 mn were identified and weighed to the nearest gram. Preserved speci-mens were left in formalin for 5 days, scnkel in ster for 2 days, and stored in 40% isopropanol for subsequent p n:caj ng.

Biomass was calculated without distinction between live and preserved species. The identification keys of Cook (1959), Blair et al. (1968), Suith-Vaniz (1968), Douglas (1974),

and Eddy and Underhill (1978) were used as aids in fish identification.

Ccrman and scientific names used in this report folloa Sailey et al. (1970).

7.2 Results 7.2.1 Phytoplankton i

The phytoplankton cc:munity in Autatga Creek (T-2) aM the Alabama River (T-4, T-9) was typical of that fcnnd in lotic systems in tcrperate areas of the eastern United States. Diatoms were the dominant.coponent, as they are in most large rivers (Hynes 1970). Diatoms were represented by 55 of the total 100 taxa with Melosira granulata, q. distans, and Stephanadiscus spp. tha dominant forms (Table 10).

J Ccmnunity compasition ms similar morg stations within each seasonal survey pericx3. T-2 had the greatest taxoncruic diversity on each survey date and for the entire survey period (80 taxa), likely due to contributions l

frcra both creek and river phytoplankton ccmnunities.

T-9, not sampled in fall, had the least diversity (57 taxa), but dcnsities (no./ml) generally were highest here. In this backwater the porrl-like conditions resulted in apparent higher reproduction rates and minimal dilution by water flow.

Phytoplankton exhibited a seasonal tren3 in abundance and appearance, typical of cc:munity succession in a tcsperate climate river systcm (Ilynes j

1970). Diatoms an3 green algae were co-dominant (10 taxa cach) in fall.

i

29 In winter, diatoms, the so-called cold. ater plankt6n (Brin'<1ey and I'.atzin 1942), were represented by 37 thxa while the nt:nber of green algae taxa decreased to 6.

Some 72% of all phytoplankton collected in winter were diatoms; green algae canprised 231. h'ith the increase in water temperature in spring, the nunber of diatcm taxa declined frun 37 to'20 but diatans remained the daninant couponent. Thirteen taxa of green algae and 3 of blue-green algae were collected.

In. spring, diatans comprised 62% of the phytoplankton and green algae 340.

In simrer, diatcms were represented by l

28 taxa and green algae by 14 taxa.

Pa.ever, green algae accounted for 41%

of all phytoplankton collected in this season while diatars represented 28%

i and blue-greens 24%. This change occurred in response to higher water temperatures in sumer.

In general, as temperatures increase, conditions becane unfavorable for diatan greath, while green and blue green algae developnent is enhanced.

7.2.2 Periphyton The periphyton comun:_ty of the Autauga Creek and Alaba:na River was dcmi-I nated by diatoms which canprised 117 of the 143 taxa represented (Table 11).

As with phytoplankton a seasonal succession was apparent in response to changin3 water tarperatures. Diatoms were the only abundant periphytic or-ganisms during the winter survey, while green and blue-green algae were abundant duzing the remaining seasons. An increase in overall abundance of green and blue-green algae, with a corresponding decrease in diatom abundance, was observed in strmer.

The highest diversity occurred at T-1 (75 taxa) likely due to the shalloa water and low flow at this creek station which provided optimum i

30 inb4 tat for a wide range of diatm.s. Seasonal diversity was generally cmparable at all stations. Melocira, Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Eunctia, and Synedra were the nost abundant diatcm genera. These d'iatoms are characteristic of the dminant flora of periphytic co:naunities found in lotic systems in tenperate regions of North A. erica (IIynes 1970).

7.2.3 Macrophytes No aquatic m rephytes were observed durin3 the fall, winter, or spring.

In st=nar, sparse growth of e ergent Sagitarria sp. (arrcuhaad) trere observed at scattered locations in the littoral zone at each transect.

Species identification was not possible as no flowering plants were found.

7.2.4 Zoopla:Qton Tin zooplankton conmunity of 1Sutauga Creek (T-2) and the Alabam Piver (T-4, T-9) (Table 12) was similar to that reported in other freshwater lotic systens (Williams 1966, Itynes 1970) in that it was dominated by planktonic rotifers (63.9% of all organisms collected) such as Keratella, Brachionus, I

and Polyarthra. Crustaceans, of ten dominant lentic plankton, are rarely j

numerous in rivers and are often represented by the genera Cycloos (Copepoda) i i

and Bosmina (Cladocera) (Hynes 1970).

At the ANFTP site copepods (nostly nauplii) camprised 22.2% of all zooplankton and cladocerans, amtinated by Bosmina longirostris,12.7%.

3 Seasonal abundance (ro./m ) varied in a manner typical for lotic sys-tons. Ina densities occurred in fall and winter when water tanperatures were lowest; high flows may also have reduced densities during these seasonal surveys. Densities increated through sprirg into sumner.

4

i 31 s

Diversity axorg the stations was similar durire each season. Pall and spring collections were the nest diverse (43 taxa each) and su::ner least diverse (26 taxa). T-2 had the nost diverse comunity in all seasons except This high diversity probably resulted frca this location receiving

' sur:mer.

zooplankton from both the creek and river cu % unities, a

7.2.5 Benthic Macroinvertebrates A total of 42 taxa of benthos was collected frm the canyon creek, i

Autatga Creek, a"d Alabarra River at the NEFP site (Table 13). The fall samples yielded the trost diverso fauna (22 taxa) and sunner the least (16 taxa). The most taxa (20) were.collectcd at T-3(1) and the fewest (8) at T-9 (Table 14). T-6 was s= pled du-irg only one season and thus is not cqued with other stations. Chironenidae (midges) and Tubificidae (woms) were the rrost diverse f amilies with 16 and 7 taxa, respectively. These groups are characteristically present in sof t riverine sediments (Hynes 1970) as were found at nost locations in the study area. The dominant midges, Procladius, Chironomus, Crjptochironcmus, and Coelotanypus scapularis, were present durirg all seasons, occasionally in relatively high ntrrbers. The

v. oms were dominated by Limncx1rilus hoffmeisteri and Aulodrilus plurisota.

L. hof fmeisteri was collected durity all seasons. The intaature Tubificidne l

without capillifom setac were probably L. hoffmeisteri, the only mature worm identified from the MIFFP site which did rot have capilliform setae.

Aulcrlrilus_ pluriseta was collected every season except fall, although A.

pigueti was found in fall. Due to the similarity between these species it i

is possible that A. plurisota was misidentified as a A. pig _ucti in the fall.

9 i

~

32

/

l Annual mean density (ro./n ) was highest at the routh of Autauga 2

Creek (T-2) and lowest at T-1.

The low densities at T-6, sampled only in fall, and T-1, where ro organicms were found in winter and strmer, were probably due to the predominance of sand substrate. This type of substrate is likely to shif t frequently and therefore does not provide good habitat for developent of a diverse banthic community (llynes 1970).

In the Alabama River the asiatic clam, Corbicula mnilensis, was the largest component of total density at Irost' stations. Highest ntrabers of clams occu red in stn:ner when most specimens were <5 an, in-licating that a cohort of young was produced prior to that survey. Benthos in the back-water, T-9, was dominated in spring and stra,ar by the phantom midge Chaoborus, an indicator of anoxic conditions (Davis et al.1978, Daniel 1972, Dendy 1956). A dissolved oxygen (DO) profile made during the sturer

)

survey verified stratification of the backwater (surface DO = 9.2 ppn, bottan DO = 0.2 ppn). Stratification probably develops dttring extended low to rormal river flow conditions due to the configuration of the bach-water.

In the winter sampling pericd a nure diverse coamunity was present f

at. T-9 due to floaling which kept the cove well mixed with oxygenated river and runoff water.

A species diversity in6cx (Simpson's in Brower and Zar 1977) was calcu-lated for each station by season (Table 15). For calculation of the index,-

imrature Tubificidae with capilliform sotae were assigned to species by ap-plication of the ratio of identifiable vorma present at the station.

Imra-tures without capilliforms were treated as Limnodrilus hoffmcisteri.

33 1

Simpson's diversity rarges fran 0, a sirgle species present, to 1.0, an even distribution of taxa. Most valuen obtained in this sttdy were ntid-range, an indication that three or four taxa ocmirnted the benthic carmun-ity at each station. The dominant taxa generally were Corbicula mnilensis, 1

Tubificidae; ard Chircranidae. The occasional low values indicated a conmunity dcminated by a sing]e taxa, generally Corbicula nunilensis at river transects and Cluoborus at T-9.

7.2.6 Ichthyoplan'< ton Sewn taxa representative of four families (Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, i

Catostanidae, and Centrarchidael were collected in Autauga Creek and the Alairma River (Table 16). Clupeids (four taxa canbined) represented 93.1%

of all specimens and were the nest abundant speci2rens in all collections.

Cyprinidae was second in abundance (3. 9%).

Clupeid prolarvae ca< prised alrut 70?, of all larval fish collected.

Few were identified to species Ircause species differentiation is largely based on ntmber of ejaneres, which in prolarval and early postlarval clupeids are poorly defined and difficult to count accurately.

In few inntances were clupeid larvae large eruugh or in such good condition that accurate f

mycrnere counts were possible. Five threadfin shed and one gizzard shad were identified based on myomere counts reported by Jones et al. (1978). There-fore, it is likely that more gizzard shad and threadfin shad were represented by the specimens listed as Dgocoma spp. and Clupeidae, Postlarvae of these

'tvo speciec were i;1cluded under Clupeidae in density data presented in Table 17 because a separate listiry would result in nonrepresentative, low densities of these species.

S

34 All five centrarchid larvae were identified as crappie, Poroxis spp.

It was impossible to determine if black crcppie and/or white crappie were collected.

Eight cyprinid prolarvae and one catostomid prolarva were collected.

Identification to species of larval cyprinids and catostomids uns irgrac-tical due to the large number of species occurring in the Alabeza River drainage and the fact that the larval stage of many of the species has not been described.

Larval fish were collected in all ichthyoplankton samples t,ut no fish i

eggs were taken (Table 17). Larval fish were Irost dense in the sheltered cave, T-9 (Table 18). The second greatest mean density was recorded in the routh of Autauga Creek at T-2.

Dansity was least at T-4 (5), the sampling zone nearest the Fontgomery County shore. Dorosoma spp. were the i

only larvae taken in Autauga Creek.

i I

i i

J l

7.2.7 Fish The four seasonal surveys yielded 2931 specircns of 53 species and 2 i

hybrids (Tables 19 and 20). The abturhnce of forage fich and the presence of a diverse game and pan fish assemblage were indicative of a productive and relatively well-balanced fish commity.

At the A'CFP site gizzard shad, threadfin shad, silverband shiner, and blacktail chiner are representative species that serve as forage for higher trophic leval fishes such as toufin, American cel, channel catfish, spotted bass, and largemouth bass. Cursory surveys of anglers encountered durin3 the seasonal saapling periods indicated tlut sunfishes, spotted and

(

l 35 largcmouth briss, crappies, and catfishes were ost" of ten taken. Trot-lines, which are used to harvest catfish catraerically on a :nierate scale in the Alabc:n River, were regularly observed at the site.

Autauga Creek transect T-1 yicided a total of 290 specimens of 34 species, the second greatiest nurber of species taken at any transect J

(Table 21). 1:o sa ple was obtainsd at T-1 in fall' due to high stream flcra. The catch at T-1 was nurericall-dcminated by bluegill (24.6% of total), gizzard shad (13.3%), av x1 shiner (ll.3%). Two large carp represented 23.7% of total biomau

.dle gizzard shad (15.8%), bluegill (15.1%), and spotted sucher (12.2%) were also najor contributors to bimass.

i More fish were collected at T-2 (1048 specimens) than at any other transect (Table 22). Homver, the catch was biased by the 536 young mf-the-year threadfin shad that were taken in a single seine haul in summer.

Threadfin shad co.Tprised 51.93 of the catch; the second mst abundant spe-cies was longear sunfish (8.21). The three major contributors to biomass were urallrouth buffalo, gizzard shad, and carp. This site also yielded the most species (38), probably due to presenca of habitat characteristics (e.g., shelter, ficra, food) that were highly favorable for fishes and which allowed the samplirg gear to be used very effectively.

At Alabam River transect T-3, 257 specimens of 25 species were col-lected (Table 23). Gizzard shad dcmir.ated nurerically (27.2% of the catch),

followed by blachtail shiner (17.1%).

Bluegill (13.2%) and longear sunfish (7.4%) ranked third and fourth.

Bicxmss was also dcminated by gizzard shad (70 specimns) which ccmprised 21.3% of total bicmass.

Blue catfish (7 specirrens) and flathead i atfish co:ributed 17.60 anc 14.5S, respectively.

--.-.,y-<.

,w~-

36 Overall, collections at T4 yielded nore specilaans and species than any other rainstrecra (exclusiva of T-9) Alabcra River transect (Table 24).

This site had core shallow habitat than did the other rainstream river sites. Gizzard shad ranked first in numerical abundance (16.1%) followed by bluegill (13.G) and blacktail shiner (10.9%). In tems of biomass, carp (6 specimet:.3) contributed 29.5'6; channel catfish (15),11%; stripad bass (2),10.6%; and blacktail redhorse (4), 8.7%.

Transect T-5 contributed tha fewest specimens (220) (Table 25). Little i

shallow habitat was available at this location. Just offshore at T-5(5) the depth was about 13 m.

Gizzard shad (24.5% of the catch) and bluagill (20.9%) were the two rest abundant of the 25 spe ies collected. Flathead catfish (2 specirans) accountad for 20.83 of tott bicrass, carp (2), 19.8%;

and gizzard shad (54),16.13.

The nast productive Alabra River location cas the shallow cove, T,9, where 787 specimens of 28 species t;cre collected (Table 26). An attractive habitat for fishes and highly effective saxpling method s were likely major reasons for the large catches at this transect. The catch was do'ninated by gizzard shad (42.0h) and threadfin shad (25.93). The former species vas particularly abundant in fall and the latter in winter.

7.3 Food Neb A food web is a diagranratic representation of a series of energy pathvays or foa3 chains. At each stop in a food chain some energy, origi-nally fixed from sunlight by green plants, is passed on and much enen,Jy is lost as heat (respiration). Consequently, the lower trophic levels, e.g.,

plankton, have greater total bicmass, density, and diversity than upper l

i O

37 levels, e.g., fish (03um 1971). The entire food web for an aquatic eco-system is extremely cmplex; therefore, a generalized diagram (Fig. 7) was constructe21 to stmunarize the structure and function of selected biotic ocuponents in Autauga Creek and Alabama River' adjacent to the NOTP site.

Be'presentative organisms collected in this study are discussed belcu.

Microproducers (phytoplankton and periphyton) and detritus provide the food base in the aquatic ecosystem. Detritus, whether derived from within the stream (autochthonous) or the surrounding watershed (allochtho-nous), is any non-living organic matter that has begun to be utilized by microconsumers (bacteria, fungi, protozoa). Macroprodtx:ers (aquatic vas-cular plants) were rare during the seasonal surveys and probably provide minimal input to the food base.

bberoconstners ir.cluded invertebrates and fish.

Invertebrates exhibit a wide variety of feeding mechanisms and Ctumins (1975a) partitioned them into four functional groups:

(1) grazers and scrapers, (2) shredders, (3) collectors, and (4) preda: ors. Grazers and scrapers are herbivores which feed on attached algae and associated mineral and detritus deposits.

Exam-ples include beetles and snails which were not collected during the surveys, but which were prcbably present on sutmerged trees and roots (snags) in the river. Shredders are coarse-particle feeding detritivores which include some of the midges found at the ANFFP site. Collectors are suspension (filter) and deposit (surface) fine-particle feeding detritivores. These include many zooplankters, some midges, worms, Hexagenia limbata, and Corbicula manilensis_.

Other filter feedern (e.g.,

some Trichoptera) were probably present on snags and may represent an important part of the invertebrate community where many W

m-- - -w-

---4

-m--

-.+

--,e

e'-

c 38 1

e siags occur. Predators are carnivores such as same zooplankton and midges, Chacborus, and Psychcmyiidae.

Fish enter the food web at ntmerous levels and sometimes change levels at different develognental stages (e.g., a planktivorous and a pis-civorous stage). Like invertebrates, fish employ several feeding mcdianisma which are not specifically illustrated on the food web diagram (Lagler et al.

1962). Represented at the ANFFP site were predators (largemouth bass, bcw-fin), grazers (bluegill, longear sunfish, crappies), strainers (threadfin ard gizzard shad), aM suckers (blacktail redhorse, spotted sucker). No parasitic feeders were collected. Predators which feed alrost exclusively on other fish hold the highest position in the aquatic focd web, and many of them are valuable to man as game and pan fish. We grazers ard suckers are more opportunistic feeders which occupy a Icwer trophic level. Strainers, represented by the ciupeids, generally hold the lcwest pocition and feed on plankton.

he importance of the biotic ccaponents discussed will vary according to stream size (Cumnins 1975b).

In creeks (e.g., Autauga Creek) periphyton and allochthonous detritus provide the primary food source, while true plankton and allochthonous detritus dcminate in large rivers (e.g., Alabama River). %e invertebrate comnunity at the ANFFP site was dominated by col-lectors and some predators, and the fish community was diverse.

7.4 h reatened and Endangered Species j

No aquatic organisms listed as threatened or endangered by the state of Alabama (Boschong 197r;) or by the U. S. Department of the Interior (1979) vere collected du; ing the four seasonal surveys of the waters on and adjacent to the ANFFP site.

l

I l

39 8.0 nac<EsxIAL ECOIIX3Y The objectives of the four seasonal terrestrial surveys were to (1)' provide a detailed description of the ANFFP site and (2) to deternine I

the_ species coqosition, relative and seasonal abundance, and ecological i

inportance of vertebrates and vascular plants on the site.

j f

8.1 Mettods i

8.1.1 -Vegetation Trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation were identified in the major and minor habitats on the ANFFP site during the fall, spring, and stncer surveys. Species in bloom and those officially listed threatened or endangered were specifically noted. Plants were identified to the lowest practicable taxoncmic category using the follcting keys and floral manuals: Braun (1950), Duncan and Foote (1975), Gleason and I

Conquist (1963), Hitchcock and Chase (1950), Petrides (1972), Padford et al.

(1968), Small (1964,1933), and Trelease -(1967).

Dr. Pdrzt K. Godfrey, i

Professor'Em2ritus from Florida State University and now associated with Tall Timbers Research Station at Tallahassee, assisted with the identifications.

In fall, vegetation in each primary habitat was quantitatively sampled at two points using nested quadrats.

Linear vegetation (fencerows) was 1

sampled using nested 6.1, 30.5, 61.0, and 61.0-m transects to surple ground cover, shrubs, saplings and trees, respectively.

Nested 5, 50, 200, 2

and 400-m circular plots were used to sample ground cover, shrubs, l

+

saplings and trees, respectively. The larger circular plots were not utilized for pasture and cottonfield which had ground cover vegetation only.

t I

40 The Shannon-0 caver diversity index O!') (Pielou 1969) was computed for each main habitat type Py multiplying the proportion of all individuals

'on the site belonging to a given species by the natural logaritlrn of that proportion and staning for all species in that habitat. A diversity index of 1.000 indicates. law diversity and 6.000 ext"anely high diversity.

i Inportance values, a measure of a species' ranh.in an ecola3 cal coa:nunity, were determined in habitats containing trees and saplings.

The nt bar and sizes (basal area) or individuals per area sampled were recorded. NtInbars were converted to density (no./ha).

Basal area per species was converted to basal area per hectare.

From these density and basal area data, the relative density and relative basal area were calculated.

I Th3 frequency of occurrence, recorded as percentage of plots containing tree and shrub--sized individuals of the species considered, was also calculated. The sun of the relative density, relative basal area, and relative frequency divided by th ce is the importance value of a species.

The maximtra possible valua for one species is 100 and the st:n for all species is 100.

In spring and stmnar, ground cover vegetat. ion (herbaceous plants and i

i mody plants < 1 m high) was quantitatively sampled in each primary habitat.

2 In all habitats, except fencerow, at least five 1-m quadrats were sampled.

Frequen~y of occurrence and percent ground cover was deteratined for each 2

taxon.

Dansity (ntrter of plants per m ) was treasured in the cottonfield i

for the spring survey.

In the fencerow habitat, five 6.1-m transects l

wre sartpled from which frequency of occurrence and percent ground cover of each taxon were detemined.

i I

1

~I i

l l

41

.j i

I i

. 8.1.2 Mannuls -

t i

l Mammals were identified by direct sightings, tracks, nests, scats, burrows, and trapping to detemine species composition and relative abundance.

Sherman live traps -(5 x 7 x 17 cm and 8 x 9 x23 cm), Tcmahawk live traps j

(28 x 32 x' 80 cm), and large and small Victor snap traps were set.i-n the major habitats.

Snap and live traps were set during the fall and spring, j

i and live traps in winter; no traps were set in sumer.

l The estimated status of occurrence of marals recorded on the NFFP i

r site was listed as "aburdant" (likely to be present in large numbers during i

most site visits in a given season), "connon" (likely to be present in I

nederate nu:rhers on nearly every site visit in a given seascn), or

" uncamon" (likely to be present in lou numbers or encountered occasionally I

i during site visits in a given season). Mantnals were classified as food r

f mamals, fu;boarers, and non-game species, i

8.1.3 Avifauta Birds on the REFP si were identified by direct sightings, calls, and E

nests during daily walking surveys. Birds were identified with 7X birocu-lars and classified as abundant, contron, or uncoron (as described above) g I

in each of the five major habitats.

l:

I 8.1.4 Herpetofauna Reptiles and aaphibians on the site were identified by direct sightings, j

calls '(anurans), and incidental capture in trap nets. All appropriate habi-tats (shrub thickets, deadfalls, stumpholes, ravines, levees, and shorelines) l I

were examined during daily walking survcys through the :cajor habitats.

In i

y---

.,.--4

.--.r.,

e,

rr,,-

~-. - -.

,..~.m.e-,.-

. - -... - ~., - -.... -,... - ~..... - -.... + - - ~

41 addition, levees, lowland pasture, and the north bank of the Alabava River were searched for rcptiles and a.T.phibians at night during the su:r.er survey.

Recorded species were classified as abandant, comon, or uncamon for each majorlubitat.

i j

8.2 Results 8.2.1 Vege tation Open farmland and forested ravines, slopes, and riverbotto:n are the inportant vegetative features of the A'm site. Pasture, cottonfield, fencerow, successional cak forest, and Irature oak forest comprise the nnjor lubitats of the 329 ha site (Table 27, Fig. 3). Tne pccan grove, hawtlurn thicke t, sutraarged lowland pasture, and pcearline right-of-way ucre identi-fied as mi nr habitats. Alth3 ugh tl.cminor habitats cocprise an insignifi-cant percentage of the total area of the site they are igrrtant ecologically 17j contributing disproportionally to plant and aniral diversity on the site.

Vegetation of the site was closely related to both land use ard topo-I graphy. The cottonfields occurred on the relatively flat vestern fulf of I

l the site while pasture vas present on the up-and lowlands adjacent to castern half. Forest occurred on the relatively steep slop" between upland and lowland, and on the floodplains of the Alaba:n River n,

'auga Creek.

Major features of the site were the deep, forested canyon oriented no:th-south which divided the site and the several open gu} lies eroded into cot.tonfields and pasture.

Scme 317 taxa of vascular plants were observed on the MTFP site by both qualitative site inspections ard quantitative sampling of the rajor Inbitats during the fall, spring, and su:rmer surveys. Seasonal presence and observed

l 43 J

time of flowering for all plants are strmarized for each nojor. habitat in Table 28.. Physical, structural, and ecological characteristics of each major habitat based on the fall season quantitative sanples of tree, sap-lig, shrub, and ground cover size classes are.sumarized 'in Tables. 29 ard

.30.

The vegetation of each major comunity present on the A'ETP site is briefly discussed beloa.. Since the teody vegetation is pemanent and seasonal change in species cmposition or abundance does c.ot occur, the

. tree,. sapling and shrub sizes were sampled only during the fall survey.

t Ground cover which is composed most3y of herbaceous plants ard ustelly dis-plays seasonal variation, sms sampled during the fall, spring, and sumer P

surveys. Thus, seasonal variation is discussed for ground cover but not for other size classes.

t Pasture comprised 38% of the site area, was the most extensive habitat l

,P type, and covered rcost of the eastern half of the site (Fig. 3). Pasture, j

i incltding a field of wintec wheat (Triticum aestivt n), covered 97.7 ha (29.7%

I of the site) of the uplands and 28.0 ha (8.5% of the site) of the lowlands-adjacent to the Alabanu River. Pasture had an average. slope of 3% while the canopy height varied from season to season depending on grazing and mowing cycles.

During all seasons the pastures ucre dctninatcd by one of several grasses.

In fall bermtda grass (Cynodon dactilon), broondge (Ardrorogon viminicus),

ard smutgrass (Sporotolus poiretii) vere observed.

Bemtda' grass and quack grdas (Agropyron repens) were most abundant during spring (Table 31). Hop j

' clover (Trifolium' agrarium) and rabbitfoot clover (T. arvense) wcre also abu,.-

l i

dant in parts of the pasture. The sho.sy evening primrose (ocnothera sneciosa) i r

t

._.,,...._...,.--..,........,~,.....__,__,_.,...,-m......,-....,,m,_....~.,

....r.,,,-,.~,..

44 was particularly conspicuous during the sprire survey. On the lo. land par-ticu of the pasture stveral tcarporary pools containing nishes (Juncus spp.)

were present. Pasture was dcminated by bahia grass (Paspalua notatun) during the simner survey (Table 31). Bemuda grass and smutgrass were also relatively aburdant on portions of the uplard pastures. However, most of the pastures werecomprised of an alnest pure stand of bahia. The pastures were nr. wad at least once during the stener in an effort to encourage gro.th of bahia ard control undesirable grasses. The lor.iland pasture contained several temporary pcols in which rushes, sedges (Cyperus), arro.ehead (Sagit-l taria sp.), and meadow-beauty (Rhe>:ia rariana) were conspictnus.

The 59.8 ha (18.T3) of cottonfields occupied nearly all of the undulat-ire uplands on the ucstern half of the site. Cottonfields had an average slope of 5*, and a canopy height between 0.15-0.25 m in spring and 0.80-1.35 m in strauer when the plants were inbloom. Du-ing the spring, stma.r, aryl fall surveys the interior of cottonfiolds was cc:gosed alnost entirely of cotton (Gossypitrn herbag) and ccnn.on wecds such as prostrate spurge Q3 norbia i

cupira), coffee-woo-1 (Casia obtusifolia), vild senna (C. marilandica), and a sedge (Cyperus rotundus) dpe to cultivation and repeated applications of herb--

icides. Despite tbc absence of cotton during the winter survey, few plants invaded the fields and, overall, cottonfields contained the lowest taxoncmic diversity of any habitat. The field edges were dcxninated durity all seasons by an alrost ijrpenetrable thicket of hudzu (Paeraria lointa) which invaded from the adjacent wcdlards. Cut-leaved evenirrJ primrose (Oenothera laciniata),

cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum), Venus lookirgsJ ass (Triodanis perfoliata),

l a sedge (t31) crus rotun30s), and rabbitfoot clover were seasonally connon alorg the edges of the cottonfields.

45 Fcncerow represented only 10.9 ha (3.3%) of the site (Table 27) and separated pasture from other habitats. Fencerow had only abeat 1% slope a.d a caropy height of approximateij 7 m.

Tree, saplirg, shrub, and ground cover during the fall were 25, 62, 50, and 901, respectively; dead leaves covered nearly 70% of the soil to a depth of 0.75 cm (Tabic 29). Sugar-berry (Celtis laevigata) and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) were the only tree-sizcd species, and stgarberry repn sented 43% of total sapling impor-i tance (Tables 32 and 33). Chinaberry, castcu red cedar (Juniperus vinf n-iana) and honey locust (Glcditsia triacanthos) were niso present as saplings.

Tree c'ernity and basal area (stan cross-secticnal area) per hectarc were 1130 and 6.37 m, respectively (Table 30). Average basal area per tree was 2

56 cm. Shrub stan density was very high (22,390/lu). Total density of 2

woody stems taller than 1.4 m was 25,350/na.

During the fall survey, ground cover contained a substantially higher stem count than v.cody species but less total biccass.

Appro:&ately 950,000 i

stems were present per hectare. Of these, aster (Aster pilosus), vetvain (Verbena sp.), wo:x1 sorrel (Cxalis sp.), and bermuda grass (Cvnodon dactvlon) wre nost abundant and represented nore than 700,000 stems. Japanese honeysuckle (Ionicera japonica), peppcIvine (Ampelopsis arborea), several grasses (Grcraineae), goldenrcx1 (Soli % o sp.), and poison ivy (Rhus ralicans) were J

the reajor ground oaver p] ants during spring (Table 31).

In sumer, Japanese honeysuckle, greenbriers (Smilax sp.), and grasses were the dccdnant grourrl cover vegetation observed in the fencerow hsitat (Table 31).

Because the fencerows vere surrounded by pasture, m7ny of the herhaccous plants found in the pasture were present on the edger. of the fencerows.

46 Evid ance of browsirrJ by cattle was apparent and contributed significantly to io species cccposition and structure of vegetation in the fencerows.

Successional oak forest represented 24.5 ha of lov. land, 72.4 ha of upland, and 19.8 ha of canyon, a total of 116.7 ha (35.4% of the site)

(Table 27). Successional oah forest had an average slope of 6.5% (Table 29).

Canopy height was nearly 19 m but rangcd from 10 to 24 m.

Half of the ccm-munity was grazed. Successional oak forest had a nearly ccnplete canopy of the soil crface, very weakly defined subcanopy and shrub which shaded 85#6 layers, and a harbaceous ground cover over 35-39.5% of the soil (Tables 29 and 30).

Leaf litter cover was nearly 98% with no bare soil.

Litter depth was nearly 3 cm.

A total of 54 taxa of woody plants was observed in this cccmunity type in fall and included 36 tree, 9 shrub, and 9 vine taxa.

S',leetgum (Liquida6ar styraciflua) and southern red oak (Gaercus falcata) dmtinated this comnunity, representing 70% of total importance (Table 32).

Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulioifera), red maple (Acer rubrun), and chinabarry trees are also sampled in this cormonity. The ccrmunity apparently is changing in composition to a nore diverse one as indi.cated by the presence of eight sapling species and by the reduced inportance (53%) of sucetgum and southern red oak in the lower strata (Table 33).

In successional Oak forest the tree density and bas:11 area per hectare

?

were 325 and 19.42 m~, respectively (Table 30). Average basal area per stem was 598 cm.

Saplings represented 1575 sters and 4.33 m hasal area /ha.

2 2

I Average bdsal area per sapling stem was 27.5 cm. Woody vegetation represented I

a tota 1 of 6800 stras talict thatn 1.4 u.

I!erbaceous ground cover covered j

i i

35-39.5% of tbc soil surface and reprenanted 98,000 stems /ha. The Shannon-i Weaver diversity index for fall was modet.itely 1cw at 1.374.

I 4

47 Mature oak forest covered 15.9 ha of steep, southfacin] slopes (Table 27). Slope angle was 50% (50 m increase in altitude in a horizontal dis-tance of 100 m). The canopy (653 cover) had an average height of 16 m.

Beneath the canopy, the subcanopy covered 322 of the soil surface ar. occu-pied spaces in the canopy layer v.here trees had been cut or had died and Shrub and ground cover layers were nearly absent which map be re-fallen.

lated to the nearly corcplete (923 cover), thick (3.5 an) leaf litter (Table 29).

Because of the steep slope and light grazirg, 93 of the soil surface was I

exposed to erosion. A total of 86 plant taxa was observed in this coarr. unity dur Lng fall (Table 28).

Mature oak forest is dominated by four oaks and three hichories (Quercus marilandica, O. falcata, C. velutina, Q. stellata, Carya temntosa, C. ovalic, and C. illinoensis), w'lich represented 89% of total importanm (Table 32).

Vinjinia pine (Pinus _ virginiana) represented the reauinirg 11% of inGortance, i

A total of 11 species was sampled in the sapling size-class (Table 33). Sugar maple (Acer barbatum), v.hi ce oak (Q. alba), and ficwtering dorp;ood (Cornus i

florida) together represented 50b of total inpartance.

Icerican b2auty-berry (Callicarpa americana) was abundant in the shrub size class.

t I'

2 Tree densi ty and basal area per hectare unre 213 and 9.6 n, respectively i

(Tabic 30). Average basal area per stem was 451 an. Saplings represented 2

1475 stems and 3.82 m2 basal arca/ha. Average basal area per sapling stem was

[

l associated with Ehrub dercity was noderately low (1900 stems per ha) 2 26 an.

Ground cover comprised 58,000 stems /ha and l

the 6.5-6.7% shrub cover.

2 3.5-5.4?, cover, a density of only 5.8 stems /m. Tbc Shannon-Weaver diversity I

index for fall was nxxbrate (2.097).

L r

i w

~

i 1

48 The ground cover flora of the forested portions of the site was vari-abla depending upon roisture, slope, canopy cover, and season.

In the low-land woods which had been exposed to f1 coding in late April, the forest floor was covered with silt during the spring survey which probably destroyod nuch of the herbaceous ground cover, In ganeral, the vernal herbaceous 1.lora in a decidtous forest reaches its peak before leaves are fu' y developed on the trees.

Because the leaves were fully developsd in the forests of the AT?P site during the spring survey rnany of the woodland herbaceous species were nat apparent.

Japanese honeysuckle, dewl:erries and blackberries (Rubus spp.), cenc (Arundinaria gigantea), grasses, and cathrier (Smilax bona-nox) were the mast abundant ground cover plants observed during spring (Table 31). Several flowering shrubs were in bloom during the spring survey. Oak-leaved hydran-gea (Hyd-angea cuercifolia), comnon privet (Ligustrum vulgare), and arrow-

s. cod (Viburnum dentattra) were the trost conspicuous. The most conspictous forest wildflowers in bloom were the fire pin 4 (Silene virginica), Indian-pink (Spigelia marilandica), wharled coreopsis (Coreopsis maior), sensitive-brier (Schrankia microphylla), passionf1craer (Passiflora incarnata), goae s-rue (Tephrosia virginiana), trunpet honeysuckle (Lonicera scrapervirens), and spurge nettle (Cnidoscolus stimulosus).

During sttraar the most frequently observed ground cover plants were Japanese honeysuckle, grasses, greenbriers, and winged elm (Ulmus alata)

(Table 31). Tramplin3 by cattl6 produced an open, sparse' ground cover on much of the eastern lowland forested portion of the site. The greatest di-l l

versity of wildflowers during sumner was observed on the drier, upland slopes.

L P

49 Manbers of the bean family (Leguminosae) were mast conspictous and incitrled butterflypea (Centrosema virciniana), milk peas (Galactia glabella, G. rugularis), ard a lespedeza (L. repans). Other conspicuous flowering plants included elepMnt-foot (Elephantopus tementosus), ruellia (nuellia carolinensis), rosin-weed (SI.lphit:m sirosonii and S_. sp.), rockrose (llelianthemra nashii and 11. rosnarinifolitn), and falso aloe (Agave vir-ginica). The rcost conspicu3us flo.cri g shrubs were St. John's wrt (llyperictn sp.), St. Andrew's-cross (Ascyrun hypericoides), and crape myrtle (Lagerstroxtia indica _).

Vegetation of the four ninor hr.bitats is briefly described below.

The small pecan grove also contained a large live oah (Q. virginiana) and a scattered shrub-honeysuckle tr.dcrstory. This 0.8 ha ccovo is adjacer t to Autatga County Poad 4 midway bet. sen the castern and western borders of the A'&TP site, f

A 40 x 120 m arca of seasonally suhr.erged lowland pasture on the Alabra 1

River floodplain ws cove 7 ed by standing water up to 0.8 m deep during the winter, sprirg, and strcter surveys ar.d contained rush tussochs and arro.e

)

head (Sagittaria sp.).

A 5 to 25 n wide strip of brocesadge and hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) bor-

)

dered the Virginia pines along the northeast edge of the canyon.

The poworline right-of-way cut north-south throtrgh the oak forest along the western edge of the site and contained lardwood saplings, btcmsedge, Japanese honeysuckle, and raspberries <3 m in height.

~

50 8.2.2 Mantaals Twenty-two cmcies of mmmals (excitrling three doestic and feral species) representing 13 faatilies were recorded on the ICETP site durity imr scaronal terrestrial surveys (Table 34). All of these species are representative of the central Alabmra numral fauna (Howell 1921). Eight of the 22 spccies were classified as food manals (e.g., connonly or occa-sionally caten by tran) and an additional three species as furbearers (Table 35). As a result, 50% of the recorded rannul fauna on the NHTP r.ite may be usal by tran. The rerrainirg 11 numral spmies consisted of i

insectivores and rodents and were classified as non-game aninals, Doth species composition anl frequency of occurrence ramined relatively stable anong surveys since all of the recorded mrnvals are year-rouni resi-dents of the ANITP site and vicinity. Fourteen of 22 spccies were recorded durity three or four surveys, while seven were recorded only once (Table 35).

Nire of the 11 food ramrals arid furbcarers were recorded in at least three surveys, and only muskrat and skunk were observed only once. Fot.r of seven species recorded during only one survey consisted of mice and rats trapped durirg winter, while unidentified bats durire the sumer comprised the fifth species.

A canparison of the 'manral species ccrnposition and frequency of occur-rence among surveys shows that the winter survey produced five species (short-tailed shrew, harvest nouse, white-footed (deer) cause, cotton mouse, and rice rat) not found durirs the fall survey. The latter, however, inclttled three species (striped shunk, castem rnole, chipaunk) not fourx1 in winter.

In addition, only two swanp rabbits were recorded durinJ the winter survey status durity fall. ' liigh water levels in winter may despite their comon i

i

51 have tmporarily displaced this species fran the Autatga Creek and back-

. water streanbanks. In contrast, the ubiquitous raccoon tracks ard' scats belied the.unocanon status assigned this species during the fall survey.

Durity the spring survey tw species (eastern mole and chipnun'd were re-observed, ard no changes were noted in the ocr: position of food m:munis and furbearcrs. However, the number of Cricetidae recorded decreased sharply from vint'cr levels due to low trapping success.

The number 'of manuni species recorded during the su:mer survey was lower than previous survey counts. -Fox squirrel, swamp rabbit, the fossor-

)

i ial eastern mole, ard several rcdent species which were taken by trap were not recorded during the sinmer survey. Swamp rabbits, which were fotnl in low numbers durirg the winter and spring surveys, may have baen displaced by the flood corditions in April. Ucucver, tw previously unrecorded mam-mais were observed durin3 the str:trer survey. Several unidentified bats (family Vespertilionidae) were observed nightly over the southwestern por-tion of the site, ard a sin 3 e muskrat was observed along Autauga Creek. No 1

changes were evident in the frequency aid distribution of the rcreainirg. food manuals and furbearers.

The nunber of mammal species recorded during the four site surveys I

varied from 14 in stmrer to 17.in winter; 15 species were recorded in both I

fall and spring.

Such fluctuations, and the single occurrence of seven spe-cies, were primarily due to chan3es in trapping success ard are not assured to reflect changes in the site's species composition.

A similar reduction in catch per unit effort between the winter and spriry surveys occurred in the fencerow and right-of.-way habitats."

In No catchfunit eifort is available for these habitats in the fall survey: report..

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52 winter these lubitats prcduced 20 rannals in 166 trap-nights wilich decreased to one individual during 180 trap-nights in spring.

The low species total in steer. resulted primrily frm the lack of trappirg. Altleugh most mamals were identified by direct sightings, tracks, nests, and burrces, six species vere identified by recturnal trapping only.

Since no traps were set durire the su mer survey, only one of these species was remrded. In addition, sme uncormon m:muls species may Int be recorded during tin four day surveys of the 329-ha nite due to low popula-1

~

tion densities or irnecessible primary lubitats. Such species include slairk j

I and muskrat, which were recorded during one survey only.

Species diversity and relative abundance of namnals were detennined for each nujor habitat on the NIFFP site (Table 35). htxxled habitats, in-cludire successional and nature oak forest and fencerow, contained the highest species diversity, and comprised the prirary habitat for 18 of 21 species. No primary habitat was assigned to the unidentified Int species.

Successional ard nuture oak forest, in particular, provided primary imbitats for 15 species, includire all focd mmrals and furbearers (Table 36). Fence-row and pasture contained three non-game species each.

Cottonfields, which covered virtually the entire western uplands, con-I tained the trost depauperate nurmul faurn despite the presence of numerous deer, opossum, raccoon, and cottontail tracks. Most of these tracks re-sulted frcm nxmuls traversing the cottonfields while novire between other lubitats. Basc3 on trac';s only, raccoons appeared to forage extensively alorg cottonfield erosion sites. The lack of browse and cover ard repeated cultivation and application of chemicals apparently limit matmul species di-versity in this extensive habitat.

53 No manmaltpecies on the NETP site was found in abundant nurberr during the winter, spring, and suniner surveys altlough cottontail, raccoon, opossuo, beaver, gray squirrel, and dear were recorded daily in their primary habitats. However, beaver and louse Ircuse were judged-aburdant during the fall survey.

Based on direct sightings, tracks, burroas, and trappings, the eastern cottontail was jtElged the most cc: mon fool mantral and furbearer on the site, and striped skunk and gray fox the least conr.un.. House nouse, which com-prised 14 of 27 reammals trapped during the winter survey, was jtdged the most ccnmon mamnal on the site.

8.2.3 Avifauna One hundred species of birds representing 36 families vere recorded on the ANFFP site duriig four seasonal terrestrial surveys. This total in-citdes four gann species: bob-white, turkey, mourning dove, ard coanon j

snipe. These species, their distribution, and estincted status are listed in Table 37.

Eoth species cmposition and frequency of occurrence of birds recorded on the site varied sharply between surveys, prinnrily as a result of changes in migratory and breeding patterns. Forty-tw species of birds in 17 fami-lies were recorded during the fall survey in early December. Nine of these species were jtdged abundant, and rcd-winged blackbird arrl rufous-sided towhee were the nest abundant species recorded. However,.several spccies observed during the fall survey may have been utisidentified as jtdged frcm their reported habitat and status of occurrerce. These species incitde warbling vireo and purple finch, and abundant fox sparrow, comnon

+

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y-.

w w

a y-we.e-ei++m-=w-

54 uncenmon lark rparrow and pine siskin. In contrast, white-thrcated sparrcu was rot recorded.

Fifty-one species of birds belonging to 23 faatilies were identified during the winter survey. Of these, six species were estiraated as abun-dant: American robin, yellow-rumped uarbler, castern :neadowlark, red-winged blackbird, cardinal, and white-thrc>ated sparrov7 Their abundant status resulted ircIn the temporary acctrnulations of large flocks of rti-grant and resident species.

Fif ty-five species of birds (29 families) were identified during the spring survey. Although the nurber of species and families increased from previous surveys, the total ntcher of birds found on che site decreased due to the departttre of large flocks of migrants, specifically American robin, yellcs-rtrr. ped viarbler, red-winged blackbird, and white-throated sparrcra.

Only three species (Carolina chichadeo, tuf ted titneuse, and Carolina rea) rcrained at or near abunlant lecels during the spring survey.

Sixty-one species represcating 32 fa ilies were identified during the sunner survey. 7nis increase in nt=ber of species was parallelad by an increase in number of individuals observed due to the presence of ntecrous young resident birds (cattle egret, white ibis, castern maadowlark, grass-hopper sparrow), and the gradtul inf1to: of fall migrants (starlirr;, red-winged blackbird, brown-headed ccxt&d, wood tr bler). Hvaever, the total number of individtuls recorded during su:nr.er was considerably lower than that observed during the winter survey.

In sunner, nine species v:ere found in aburdant numbers:

cattle egret, Carolina chichadec, tuf ted titrouse, Carolina wren, starling, rcd-winged

55 blac'daird, broan-headed coabird, cardinal, ary] gra'sshopper sparrow. Althotgh these species are ccurmon struer residents in central Alabama it appears that several gained abundant status due to the arrival of conspecific ntigrants.

Species diversity and relative abundance of birds was determined for each major ard several minor habitats' on the Alt:TP site (Table 38). Wooded habitats, incitdire successional and mature oak forest and fencero#, contained the highest speci'es diversity and comprised.the prim 1ry habitat" for' 69 of the 100 species recorded. Successiona] and mature cak forests each comprised the primary habitat for 50 species of birds while fencerca and pasture. tere the prinary habitat for 13 and 11 species, respcctively. Cottonfield did not ccxprise the primary habitat for any bird species and only one species (brown-headed cowbird) was observed feeding in this habitat (durirg the fall survey).

The primary habitats for the recorded bird species are listed in Table 38.

Blackbirds (eastern meadowlark, red-winged blackbird, and cowbird) and American robin whi.ch fed on up-and lowland pastures were the trost ntnerous i

i species observed, ard flocks of several hundreds of individuals were encoun-tered daily during the winter survey.

Yelloa-rumped warbler, cardinal, j

Carolina wren, and parids were the mcst aburdant forest species ~, eqxx:ially during the winter survey. Bird families best represented in ntrnbers of species included Fringillidae (18 species), Parulidae (10), Picidae (7), Accipitridae (5), and Ardeidae (5). Seventeen families were represented by only one spe-cies each.

' Primary habitat is defined as the habitat in which the bulk of a population is nest frequently encountered.

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56 8.2.4 Herpetofauna Thirty-seven species of reptiles and amphibians representing 15 families were recorded on the ANFFP site during the four surveys (Table 39). This list includes 12 anurans (frogs and toads),1 salamander, 6 lizards, 9 snakes, and 9 turtles. Autauga County, and the ANTFP site specifically, is situated in the Fall Line Hill region of Alalama and borders the edge of the coastal plain.

As such, Autauga County falls within the zone of intergradation for several frog, snake, and turtle subspecies. As a result several species are listed as l

intergrade's as per Mount (1975).

The herpetofauna diversity on the ANETP site was strongly related to sea-son ard habitat type. Only 10 of 37 species were observed in fall and winter cmpared to 35 of 37 species in spring and suamer. However, high temperatures during the sumer caused a sharp decline in diurnal reptile activity and, ccrn-pared to the spring survey, relatively few ind.viduals were found between mid-morning and late afternoon. Similarly, the sighting of only one species of l

l salamander (two individuals) indicated their return to nore nocturnal or fos-sorial habits during the summer season.

t With the exception of lizards, nost of the herpetofauna was concentrated 5

l in the 1mland sections of the site along Autauga Creek, canyon creek, Alabama i

River, the backwater area, on levees, lwland fencerms, and in the innundated f

pasture along the Alabama River. The latter contained the majority of anurans, i

while most snakes were found in mesic successional oak forest along the back-water, Alabama River, Autauga Creek, and canyon creek. Successional and mature i

oak forests on ravines, slopes, and uplands contained most lizards but a l m j

t diversity of anurans ard snakes. Most turtles were observed in the Alabama l

River and its backwaters, Autauga Creek, and in temporary pools along the river.

l a

cn_,

l.

I 57 No frogs, toads, salamanders, li7,ards, or turtles 'were observed in the non-innundated lowland pasture, upland pasture, and cottonfield. Only one snake (southern black-racer) was found at the edge of a cottonfield.

'Ihe herpetofauna of the western half of the site was depauperate relative to the eastern half and the canyon. No anurans were observed by RfC in the former, and snakes and salamanders were scarce or absent in the successicrul oak forest and ravines between Autauga Creek and the cottonfields.

Numerous applications of pesticides and herbicides to the cottonfields may have adverse-ly affected the herpetofauna in adjacent habitats.

'Iwo additional factors appeared to adversely affect the herpetofauna in sone eastern sections. Dctensive areas of lowland pasture, levees, ard river bottm (SOF) in the southeastern corner of the site were blanketed by several decimeters of sand during the flooding in April 1979 which effectively destroyed I

excellent herpetofauna habitat.

In addition, much of the remaining shrub and herbaceous ground cover in these areas was trampled and destroy ~ed by free-rang-ing cattle in spring and summer.

2 Twelve species of frcgs and toads were recorded on the site. Almost all hylid frogs, narrow-mouthed toads, and ranid frogs were located in innurdated sections of the lculand pasture and adjacent successional oak forest, while i

smaller nunbers of green frogs and leopard frogs were also found in the canyon and other wooded habitats. Green frog was very cmmon at the pecan grove in i

sunmer. Although their relative aburdance varied with season, all species were judged cormon or abundant in these habitats. Spadefoot toads were cormun in l

upland successional oak forest in all seasons except winter. 'Ihis habitat also l

t contained the few southern and Ibwler's toads found.

{

l "Dr. William Cooper observed southern leopard frog in deciduous forest by the Alabama River just east of Autauga Creek a

.' r er 6

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i 58a Slimy salamander, the only salamander located, was represented by a sinJ e specimen found in successional oak forest in both spring and summer.

1 Six lizards were well-represented and ranged from ccrmon to abundant during the spring and stmner surveys.

Lizards were most abundant in the dryer areas of successional and mature oak forest, in ravines aml the canyon, and in the pecan grove. Smaller numbers of five-lined skink and six-lined racerunner oc-i curred in fencerows but were rarely found in the pastures and cottonfields.

Five-lined skink, six-lined racerunner, and fence lizard wre judged the most abundant species. Most six-lined racerunners were found in dry, wooded habi-tats in spring.

Eight species of colubrid snakes and one viper (eastern cottonmouth) were found in unccxmon to ccmnon numbers on the site. Most species and individuals were found in the southeastern section of the site along the shoreline of the i

Alabama River, canyon creek, and backwater area. Midland watersnakes were judged the most coranon, but several diartond-backed and yellcw-bellied water snakes, gray rat snakes, and speckled kingsnakes were also found in these habi-l tats. One southern black racer and several speckled kingsnakes were the only species found in the upland habitats.

Nine species of turtles were observed on the INETP site. Black-knobbed sawback, snapping turtle, and stripe-necked musk turtle were the only turtles observed in fall and winter.

In spring, large numbers of turtles were seen daily in Autauga Creek, Alabama River and its backwaters, and the submerged lculand pasture. Of the seven species observed river cooters, pond sliders, and map turtles were the most ccrmon in the creek and river, while cmall sawbacks were most frequently found in the submerged pasture and in temporary pools. Box turtle was found in the mature oak forest bordering Autauga Creek.

-t 58b In contrast to the spring survey, relatively few turtles (four species) were c:bserved on the METP site during the stnmer survey. 'Ihe primary rea-sons for this decline appeared to be the hot sumer weather and the disap-pearance of numerous small, temporary pools created by the spring floods.

Box turtle, pond slider, and black-knobbed sawback were judged comun in their respective habitats.

I N

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i 59 j

- 8.3 Food Web-A terrestrial ecosysten aanpriser ntrrt.:rous food, chains and trophic j

levels. ' At the first trophic level are the producers, green plants tlut convert solar energy to blouss and pro /ide foodand cover for numerous organisms.

Animal' diversity is often asscciated wit'h'the stratification and i

species canposition of plants. A diagra rnatic food web for the ANFFP site is presented in Figure 8.

i

. Primar'i constners -(herbivores) feed on a variety of plant raterial including leaves, twigs, bark, fruit, and nuts. Cannon snall herbivores i

on the ANFTP site were the castern cottontail rabbit, hispid cotton rat, cotton trouse, grasshopper sparrow, gray sqairrel, and grasshoppers. The l

f only large herbivores present! were the white-tailed deer and beaver. Her-j i

bivores in turn are an energy source for carnivores (predators), represented on site by skinks, speckled kingsnake, coron yellowthroat, and gray fox.

l i

l Third-level constrriers wexa represented by sparrow hawk, red-tailed hawk, J

and barred cral.

l l

Consumers that fecd on both plant and anirral nuterial are called an-l I

I nivores. Scavergers cccupy this group and their focd habits vary with sea-l l

son, focd availability, size of organis:ns, and stage of life cycle. Omnivores s

at ANFFP incitr3ed frogs, ' turtles, comron crow, raccoon, and o;nssun.

Deccuposers provide the final link in trost food chains; they utilize dead plant and anical tratter, reducing comple:< nuterials into simple sub-stances. Two groups of dcarposer organians are recognized, macroscopic and microscopic. tiacroorganinns include carth;orms, millipedes, and slugs; niicroorganians are primarily bacteria, fungi, and protozoms.

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i 60 8.4 Agricultural Crops and Fann Animals Agricultural lands cmprised 200 ha (60.8%) of tha AhTFP site and included a 64.4 ha cottonfield,105.4 ha upland pasture and grainfield, and 1

i 30.2 ha loaland pasture. Cottonfields covered virtually'all uplands of the j

w stern half of the site while pastures and wheat fields a re located on the eastern half (Fig. 3).

\\

Cotton '(Goss/piin hartncetm) comprised the major crop on tho' INFFP site, j

i l

Cottonfields are cultivated and planted annually.

An approximately 16 ha field of winter wheat (Tritictm aestivum) covered I

the northeastern corner of the site. The wheat was planted in the fall and l

harvested in June. The field was fallow through the stmner survey.

The extensive up-and lowland pastures ware rrmed peritdically to control weeds.

Bahia (Pascaltm notattrn) and B3rmuda (Cynodog dactylon) hay ware harvested frcm the upland pastures in midstumer.

Same 85 head (fall survey) and 117 head (su:tmer survey) of. beef cattle grazed on the up-and lowland pastures. This herd consisted of feeder steers of several breeds (Angus, polled hereford', Charolais) and had free range over nest of the eastern half of the site.

i 8.5 Threatened, Endangered, and Special Concern Species j

i Specific attention was directed towards identifying the presence of 1

i any officially (federal) listed threatened and endangered terrestrial plants

)

1 and animals da the ANETP site during all seasonal surveys. No species which appear on the U.S. D3partnent of the Interior (1979) list were observed on-site.

I Attention was similarly directed toward identifying the presence of Alabama listed endangered, threatened, and special concern species (Table 40) l

61 indigerous to the central Alabra area. Three species (one.maamal, two 1

bir/) fran this list were observed on-site, and one plant may have been seen, warranting the folloaing discussion.-

The climbing fern, Lygoditra palratt a, was reported in both successional and nature oak forest during the fall survey. 'This species was not observed

'in subseqtunt surveys; however, the Japanese climbing fern, Lygoditra japonietni, was observed comonly in lowland forestis during the strmer suney.

It is probable that y, palmatum was misidentified.

The white-footed (deer) nouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was listed under

" Status Undetermined" by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (1972).

This nouse is abundant over nest of the eastern and central I

United States, but has been included in this category in Alabar'a since "tlere I

is not enough information to determine its status. Fore inforration is needed."

(It is also noted that this species was deleted frun a subsequent list (Boschung 1976) of Endangered and Threatened Plants and Azumals of Alabama).

A single Cooper's hawk (Accipiter coomrii) was recorded on the site during the strmer survey. This species was included by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Remurces (1972) in the " Rare-2" category.

(Rare-2 was defined as "a species or sub-species that nny be quite abundant where it does occtir but is known in only a few localities or in a restricted habitat within Alabam3".)

In a later list (Boschung 1976) the status of Cooper's hawk was changed from the Pare-2 to the " species of special concern" category.

(Species in thic category require further study prior to final status assignannt).

The littic blue heron, listed as a species of special concern in Boschung (1976), was observed in the sulncrged loaland pasture during both

62 spring (unccrmon) and sumer (camon) surveys. Apparently the birds use the areas seasonally as a feeding and roosting area.

No nests were observed on-site nor was any evidence apparent of a previous heronry on-site.

63-9.0 HISHEICAL AND ARCHAEOILGICAL ITJGUPES The NTFFP site was examined for historical ard archaeological features I

during the fall survey, and none were found on-site. A literature search' revealed that no United States or Alabama historic features cecur on the. site

'(Alabama Historical Ccnmission 1978a, b; U. S. Department of the Interior 1978). The nearest historic sit'e is the Montgcmery tTanes-Whittaker house on Autauga County Ilighway 4, directly across frcm.tha ANFFP site. This house is listed in the National Rcgister of Historic Places and the National Survey of Ilistoric Sites and Buildirgs.

i e

O

.~.

~!

64

'{

t 10.0 LITERATURC CITED Alabama llistorical Comnission.

1978a.

Alabama's' Tapestry of Historic.

Places, An Inventory.. Montgctr.ery, Alabama, pp. 2. -

i 1978b.

Alabama Register of Landanrks and Heritage. Mont--

gcmery, Alabama.

Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.

1972.

Rare and endargered vertebrates of Alaba:ra. Div. of Game and Fish.

i American Public Health Association.

1976.

Standard methods for the f

examination 'of water and wastewater. 14th ed., APHA,. Washington, DC.

j l

Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. ; R. Robins,. and W. B. Scott.

1970.

A list of comon and scientific names of fishes fran the United States and Canada. 3rded.

Am. Fish.

Soc., - Spec. Publ. 6.

Beck, N.11., Jr.

1976..

Biology of larval chironomids. Florida Dept.

j Eruironnental Regulation Tech. Series Vol. 2(1).

Birgham, R. H.

1978.

USGS, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

(Letter to H. K. Roffmn, Energy Impact Associates, Pittsburgh, PA).

21 December 1978.

[

Blair, F. W.,' A. P. Blair, P. Brobkorb, F. R. Cagle, and G. A. Moore. 1968, t

Vertebrates of the United States, 2nd ed. ItGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., NY.

Boschung, H. (ed.)

1976.

En 1 and threatened plants and animals of Alabama. Bul. Alabama M f Natural' !!istory. No. 2.

Braun, E. L.

1950.

Deciduous forests of eastern ?? orth America. Hafner Press, New York.

I Brinkhurst, R. O., and.B. G. M. Jamieson.

1971.

Aquatic Oligocheata of v

the world. Univ. of Toronto Press. Toronto, Canada, f

t Brinkley, F. J., cad L. J. Katzin.

1942.

Distribution of stream plankton in the Ohio River system. Amer. Midl. tiat. 27:127-190.

Brower,

.3. E., and J. H. Zar.

1977.

Field and lalrratory metirds for i

general ecolcgy. Wn. C. Brot.:n Co., Dubuque, Iwa.

j

-l Burch, J. D.

1975.

Freshvater sphaeriaccan clams (!611usca:Pelecypcda) i of North knerica. Malacological Publ., Harburg, tiI.

l I

Collins, J. T., J. E. Huhecy, J. L. Knight, and H. M. Smith.

1978.

Standard l

ccrar.on and current scientific namos for north American amphibians and l

reptiles. Soc. Study haph, and Rept., Ca rn. of Camon and Scientific Nan'es. j i

h i

i k

i i

I

65-Cook, F. A.

1959.

Fresluatcr fishes in Mississippi. Miss. Ga:ra and Fish CcTm. Jackson, MS.

Cook, R. L.

1962.

Soil management for conservation and proSuction. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.

Cumnins, K.'W.

1975a~

Macroinvertebrates.

In River Ecology, Whitton, B. A., ed. Univ. California Press, Beikeley, CA.

1975b.

The ecology of running waters; theory and practice.

In Proc. Sandusky River Basin Symposium, May 2-3, 1975, Tiffin, OH.

Available fran EPA, Chicago, IL.

Daniel, P. M.

1972.

Acton Lake: Biology of its benthos and notes on its physical limnology 1959-1970. Ohio J. Sci. 72(5):241-253.

Davis, R.

B., J. H. Bailey, M. Scott, G. Hunt, and S. A. Norton.

1978.. Des-criptive and ccnparative studies of Maine lakes. Univ. of Maine Life Sciences and Experir?cnt Sta. Tech. Bul. 88.

i Dendy, J. S.

1956.

Botton fauna in ponds with largercuth bass only and with a combination of largemouth bass plus bluegill.

J. Tenn. Acad.

Sci. 31(3) :198-207.

Douglas, N. H.

1974.

Freshwater fishes of Louisiana. Claitor's Publ.

Div., Baton Ro'.rge, IA.

Duncan, W. II., and L. E. Foote.

1975.

Wildflowers of the southeastern United States. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens, G.L Eddy, S., and J. C. Underhill.

1978.

Ho.1 to know the freshwater fishes.

Mn C. Brvvn Co., Dubucue, LL Edr:endson, W. T., ed.

1959.

Fresh-water biolcgy.

John Wiley and Sons, l

Nea York, NY.

Energy Impact Associates.

1979.

Aquatic and terrestrial fall season survey report. EIA, Pittsburgh, PA.

Fuir.an, L. A.

1973.

Descriptions and conmrisons of northeastern catostomid fish larvae.

M.S. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.

1963.

Manual of vascular plants of north-eastern United States ard adjacent Canada.

D. Van Nostrand Co., Irc.

Princeton, NJ.

Ucnilton, C. W.

1953.

Revicu of Ephcccridae (Ephc'croptera) in the Missouri River Untershed with a key to spccies.

Iowa State J. Sci.

33:443-474.

Ilansmann, E. U.

1973.

Diatans of strc2ns of eastern Conncchicut. State Geological an3 Matural IIistory Survey of Connecticut. Bul. 106.

l

. -.. - - _ - - _.. - -. -. - -. _. -.. -. -. -.. ~,.. - -.. -. - -

66 Harris, D. W., Jr., ard C. Stubbs.

1977.

Soil survey of Autauga County, Alabanta.

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.

Han, J. D.

1971.

Sttriy and interpretation of the chemical characteris-tics of natural water: Geological Survey water supply paper 1473.

U.S.

Govt. Printing Office, Washirgton, DC.

Hilsenhoff, W. L.

1975.

Aquatic insects of Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Dept.

Nat. Res. Tech. Bul. No. 89.

Hitchcock, A.

S., and A. Chase.

1950.

Manual of the grasses of the United States.

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Misc. Publ. No. 200.

U.S.

Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Hogue, J. J., R. Wallus, and L. K. Kay.

1976.

A preliminary guide to the identification of larval fishes in the Tennessee River. Tenncssee Valley Authority Div. of Forcstry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Developnent Tech. Note B19.

Howell, A. H.

1921.

Biological survey of Alabama. Part II. The mrmals. N. A. Fauna No. 4 5.

Hubbs, C. L.

1943.

Terminology of early life stages of fishes.

Copeia 1943(4):260.

Hynes, H. B. N.

1970.

The ecology of running waters. Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, Carada.

Jenson, A., ad F. B. Salisbury.

1972.

Botany: An ecological approach.

Wadsworth Publ. Co., Belront, CA.

Jones, P. W., F. D. Martin, and J. D. Hardy, Jr.

1978.

Develognent of fichas of tha nid-Atlantic Bight, An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Vol.1 Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Services Progra:n EMS /DBS-78/12.

Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach, and R. R. Miller.1977.

Ichthyology.

2nd (d. John Wiley and Sons, Mcw York, NY.

i i

Lippson, A J., and R. L. Moran.

1974.

Mantal for identification of carly developmental stages of fishes of the Potnrac River Estuaqr.

Maryland Dept. I?at. Res. Publ. PPSP-NP-13.

Mason, W. T., Jr.

1973.

An introduction to the identification of chircranid larvae. EPA, Cincinnati, OH.

Merritt, R. W., and K. H. Ctrr. ins, ed.

1978.,

An introdmtien to the aquatic iraects of North knerica. Kendall/ Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA.

Mount, R. H.

1975.

Reptiles and amphibians of Alain:u. Auburn Univ.

Press, Agriculc. Experim. Stat. Auburn, AL.

Odtm, C. P.

1971.

Fundamentals of ecology. 3rd ed.

W. B. Saunders ccrqxtny, Philadalphia, PA.

\\

67 Palmer, M. C.

1962.

Algae in v. uter supplies.

U. S. Dept. Health, Educa-tion, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Washington, DC.

Patrick, R. A., and C. Reimer.

1966.

The diatoms of the United States.

Vol. I. Monographs of the Acad. Nat. Sci. ' Phila. Mo.13.

1975.

The diatm.s of the United States. Vol.. II, Part I.

Monographs of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. No.13.

Pennak, R. W.

1978.

Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. 2nd ed.

John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.

Petrides, G. A.

1972.

A field guide to trees and shrubs. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston,13.

Pielou, E. C.

1969.

An introduction to mathanatical ecology. Wiley

.Interscience, New York, NY.

Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell.

1968.

Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.

Radiation Managment Corporation.

1979a.

Alpha-I site aquatic and ter-restrial winter season survey report. EC - Ecological Division, Pottstown, PA.

1979b.

Alpha-I site aquatic and terrestrial spring season survey report. EI - Ecological Division, Pottstodn, PA.

1979c.

AMFFP site aquatic ard terrestrial sunmer season sur-vey report.

K10 - Ecological Division, Pottstcwn, PA.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A.

1974.

PlarJ. ton rotifers biology and taxon:rmf. Die Binnengewasser, Vol. 26, Suppl.1.

Scott, J. C.

1960.

Groundwd.or resources of Autauga County, Alabaca, reconnaicsance report.

U.S. Geological Survcy.

Stall, J. K.

1933.

Manual of the southeastern flora.

Science Press Printing Co., Lancaster, PA.

1964.

Ferns of the southeastern states. Hafner Publ. Co.,

New York, NY.

Smith-Vaniz, W. F.

1968.

Fres'.-wate-fishes of Alabra. Auburn Univ.,

Ag'ricultural Dq:crifnent Station. Paragon Press, Iiontgo;tery, AL.

St. John, D. J., Law En3 ncering Testing Cmpany.

August 29, 1978.

Letter i

to !!cntgox.ary County Ch3:tcr of Ccanerce, Industrial Developncnt Comnittee.

i State of Alabara.

1977.

Alabra water quality criteria: Environaental retorter.

701:0501-0508.

i f

68 Taber, C. A.

1969.

The distribution and identidication of larval fishes in the Bunccrrbe Creek arm of Lak.e Texoma with obsc'vations on spawnirg habits and relative aburdance.

Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Oklahcnn, Norman, OK.

Trelease, W.

1967.

Winter botany. 3rd. revised edition. Dover Publ.,

Ncw York,IN.

U. S. Department of the Interior.

1975.

Water resources data for Alabama, water year 1975.

1979.

List of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants.

Fish and Wildlife Service. Federal Register 44(12):3636-3654.

U. S. Department of tha Interior, Heritage Concervation and Recreation Service.

1978.

Register of Historic Places. Fcdcral Register 43(26):

5163.

U. S. EPA.

1976a.

Quality criteria for water. EPA, Washington, DC.

1976b.

National interim prirary drinking rater regulations.

EPA, Uashington, DC.

1979.

Methods foc chemical analysis of water and wastes.

EPA, WashiIgton, DC.

Usinger, R. L., ed.

1968.

Aquatic insects of California. Univ. Califor-nia Prcrs, Berkeley, CA.

Weber, C. I.

1971.

A guide to the connon diatc. 3 at water pollution surveillance system stations.

U. S. EPA.

, rd.

1973.

Biological and laboratog methods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents.

U. S. EPA-670/4-3-001.

Welch, P. S.

1948. Limnological methods. IP4rawdlill Co., New York, IW.

Whitford, L. A., ard G. J. Schumacher.

1973.

A mnual of fresh-water algae. Sparks Press, Raleigh, NC.

Williams, L. G.

1966.

Dcminant planktonic rotifers of mjor Waterways of the United States. Limnol. Ocearcgr. 11(1):83-91.

l Wischt.eier, W.

H., and D. D. Smith.

1972.

Predicting rainfall-erosion losses frcrn cropland cast of the Rocky Mountains, guide for celection of practicos fbr soil ard unter conservation. Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Departnent of Agricultu c, Agriculture Handback No. 282.

Washir.gton, DC.

69 lacle 1. 14ajor and minor scil types en the AfiffE site and trees escupied by each.

Area Soll Ivoc Feetarcs HAJOR S0ILS Lucedale fine sancy loan, 0-27 slopes 90.5 27.5 Lucedalefiresandyloam,2-5% slopes 53.3 16.2 Ochrepts, Icany, 0-5% slopes 37.8 11.5 Shubuta-Saffell cotplex,10-5'! sicpes 76.5 23.2 J

141NOR SOILS feceville sr.dy clay loam, 2-5% slepes 16.9 5.1 Harleston Icar.y fine sand 5.6 1.7 Lucedale fine sandy loa:, 4-1";% slopes :nd eroding 21.3 6.5 Ik.0ueen silt loam 2.1 0.7 Cthrepts, Icry, 5-25% sbpes 5.8 1.8 F.0anoke co plex 7.0 2.1 Rusten fine sar.dy loam, 4-1C% slepes 3.3 1.0 Saf fell gravelly fire sandy loa, 2-8% slo;:cs 4.2 1.3 1ro.7 lerj 5 cd, 2-31 s!:pcs 4.7 1.4 lotal 3290 100.0 e

e i

i

70 Table 2.

Sail noisture and pH of r.3for soil types en the AnffP site.

Ibisture Soil Ivge Horiren Content (D eH Lucedale fir.e sandy loan, 0-2% slopes A

1.3 5.6 2

B 17.0 5.5 2

Lucedale fine sandy lon., 2-5% slopes A

11.7 5.3 2

B 15.2 4.6 2

A l3* 3 4*8 Ochrepts, loamy, 0--5% slopes 2

B 22.3 4.5 2

A 9.0 4.8 Shubuta-Saf fell co: plex 2

B 8*7 5*4 2

i j

-. =

71 Table 3 Results of hydrolcgic determinaticns nade on the s.rface waters et the liffP site.

Linear Fean Strean Cross-Volu.T.etric Velocity Ocpth Width Sectional Area flow m2 m3/s-Station' n/s a

n fall Autauga Creek I-l

<0.015 2.4 '

19 8 47.5

< 0.54 Autauga Creek i-2

< 0.015 6.4 60 384.0

< 5. 4 Alabama River I-3,1-4, T-5*

0.3

. 583 0.02

.i 1.8 CanyonCreekI-6 D

iributary I-8

< 0.015 Winter Autauga Creek I-l 0.34 1.25 46 57.5 17.6 Autauga Crcck i-2 O.01 3.t6

!?5 452.5 4.3 AlabamaRiverI-3 1.31-10.18 175-1731.5 2100.4 3

1l AlabataRiverT-5.

1.01 9.39~

210 1971.9 1792.5 Sprinn Autaya Crcck i 0.42 0.57 30 17.1 6.5 Auta'g Creek i-2*

0.07 3.71 45 167.0 10 5 Alabra fiver I-3 0.32 12.8 171 2183.C 630.'

AlabamaRiverT-5 0 33 10.8 204 22032 594.9 Set er.

Aataaga Creck T-1 0.43 0.43 20 9

4.3 Auta.ga Creek I-2" 0.C3 1.50 30 45 3.6 Alaba a fiver I-3 0.37 10.54 175 16 %

682.3 AlabaraRiser1-5 0.27 E.34 204 1701 459.4 l

' Presented as eca, value f rem all trar.5ects.

l 0;streo trant can cau:ed this lccation to te a slacheater.

"Itere sas ra neas.rsble discharge et 1-2.

Cisctarge was therefore deter:ined at the rest downstreas creek locatien with a ensi,rable c15 charge, in the nicinity of I-7.

'I

72 Table L Selected rater q;ality criteria applicels to fish and Ulldlife yaters in Alttam..

~

Partneter Crittrim hirtrro

(~-vM s Olssolved oxygen 25.0 mg/l 1,2 Temperature 32.2 C ~

_,2

}] C for certain areas-pH 6.0-3.5 2

Alkalinity 120rgCaCO/1 1

unless n tural ceccentration lower 3

600 no fixed level 2

nust e: ply seconcary waste treatrent Color,true

. ro fires level I

Cyanid2, total 0.005 rg/l 1

0.02 rg enMired arenlo/l Auonia N approxin:tely 5-?0 rg/l EltrateH approximately90eg/l I

based o.. tericity to 1 rgerouth bass

~

and chancel catfish 011 & Crease virtt:lly free from floating o!!s 1

fhenol approxtr.ately 0.2 ng/l 1

should protect fish anc aildlife apprcirately 0.05 c;/1 1

shocle centr:1 cxcess algal growth fhosphorus.

no fixed level 2

must apply escencary vaste treatteat letal suspended s: lids Settleables r.o fired level 2

. Sulfide 0.C32g/l 1

furbicity nefixedletel

-]~

Iccal ecliferm 2.0M colo,ies/!C0 nl, caxic.ua

?

ceca < 1,C ] c?loalea/l M n!'

Artesic 0.05 g/l I

rccc r:nted for a;ntic life as well es fcr crestic use feryllium 0.011 ;/1 1

0.0M'rg/l 1

for clad:,:trans in sof tutcr Caeli.m 4

Cnrociwa 0.1r.;/1 1

forper rpfrailutely 0.1 rg/l 1

based cm toxicity to b!tegill Iron, total

.l.0rg/l 1

ler.d tppevizately0.2g/l I

band en toxicity to blecgill f'ercury 0.05;+/l 1

Cickel apptcrinetely0.03r.g/l I

based ei tericity te f.is.h in saf tnter 5tcalem epprer!:etely 0.023 r,/l I

ba:ed en tcxicity to cl@cerns c

Silver especxiutely 0.0007 rg/l I

based en tovicity to 1:rc:-suth tass Zir.c i.p;rni atcly 0.6 r;/1 1

based en tex! city to bit.:;!Il

1. ti.S. Environ ental Frctectica i:;;NJ. 01slity Criteria for 'Ol3r. AlyI?76.

f Alabe.,a Cater Quality Criteria. Envirearc,t hp3rter, 91:0%!-68. 14CctoterIM.

2. State of Altbe:2.

b o

.m

.. ~,.

. ~

,.._..e_

,,~,,,,,._.,..,.,__..,,wr.,.w.m.-.,%,,m,.,,,.,.w.m

..,y m.mm_,,

73 Table 5. Selected water gality criteria applicable to public vater supply in Ala%,c.

R.fercace Para eter Criterien 2

1erperature 3?.2C 2

pH M.5 2

800 secendary vaste treatnent I

Color,true 75FtCocaits 1

liitrate N 10rg/l 1

011 and Grease

" virtually free" Pheial 0.001cc/l 1

Total dissolved solids 250rg/l 2

ictal suspended solids secondary vaste treet ent see 0il and Create" P

Surfactants-!3AS 2

fecal colifera 4060 colcr.ies/103 el exi un, 200J/103ofgeo.etricrea, I

Arsenic 0.05rg/l 1

Carlua 1.0rg/l 1

Cad,lun 0.01n;/1 1

Chro:in 0.05 r3/1 1

Copper 1.0r;/1 1

Iron, total 0.3ng/l I

lead 0.05ng/l 1

thaganese 0.05r;/1 1

Vercury 2.0 yg/l 1

l Selenin 0.01 eg/l 1

l Silver 0.05c;/1 1

Zir, 5eg/l 1.

U.S. E-.ircr :atr frettetica A;crcy. Onlit) Criteria f: v.:ter. Jrly IG.

2. State of Al n : a.

Alabar:'Jater Cuality Critcria. E.wir:. :,t F. garter, 701:0 % 1-0503. 14 Cetober 1977 i

i i

1 I

i

Izbie 6.

R:nge of results of phy:ical, chemical, and micrcbiclogical analyses of surface water sneples collected at the AKffP site.

Auta m Creek Altb m River Canven Creek.

re rs" te r l' nits 1-1 I-2 I-3 T-5 T-6" Celor Chloroplatinate 3M5 F35 5-40 FLO 0-10 Dis::lved oxygen

/1 6.0-11.2 7.3-11.1 7.2-11.2 7.0-11.1 7.6-8.3 '

'later ieyerature C

9.525.0 11.0-29.5 10.0-29.5 10.%29.5 11.8-21.0 Sncific wette:e y sic ens e 25 C 60-108 24 Et ;rfree 2M3 36-77 66-108

Botte, b

62-35 SM2 rH 5.7-7.3 5.65-7.4 7.1-7.6 6.3-7.6 6.0-7.1 i

i Bicchcical oxygen c'erand eg/l 0.9-1.6 0.9-2.7

< 1.0-2.1

< l.0-2.7 0.8-1.0 t

Ctemical orycen t'e,and og/l 3.8-19 6.4-12 4-17.8 3.6-13.0

< l.0-7.8 Tert,icity JIU 6.5-22 8.7-14 P.3-28 9.0-29

.4.2-13 Total eclies eg/l 34-72 L9-39 49-118 62-112 73-127 Di :cised solid:b eg/l 22-31 40-S0 37-05 50-79 121 Sapree 1,olies eg/l 6-35 6-14 7-33 7-33 6-20 Volatile.olies rg/l 4-18 11-65 6-57 5-53

'22-74 g

Settle tte solic:

ml/1/h (M

C'l 0-1 0-1 0.1-3 Tete! celifor,bs teria Colonics/100el 1910-WC00 1155-14000 125-17000 127-15000 400-1L00-6 fecal celiform bacteria Colonie:/100ml 1043-14f00 695-5 % 0 53-2700 73-2100 10L;00 i

IQe:iva eg/l

< 0.1-0.69

< 0.1 -1. 4 0.6-3.7

<0.1 4.1

<0.1-0.62 Calcite!'

g/l 0.U ';.9 P.'J-10.2 0.5-12.6 7.0-11.6 2.2-J.6 4

Iren mg/l 0.67-1.76 0.34-1.35 0.3.-l.75 0.26-1.46 0.14-0.18 Chr::icg' eg/l

< 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.003

< 0.001-0.003 0.001 j

Fercury r#1

<C.0002

< 0.0002

< 0.C002

< 0.0002-0.0008

. < 0.0002 i

hickel eg/l 0.02-0.06 0.02-0.06 0.02-0.05 0.'2-0.06

<0.0 H.06 l

Cyper' b mg/l 0.002-0.011 0.00'e-0.011 0.003-0.010 0.00 H.003

<0.0M.0l?

flu:ric'e eg/l 0.02-0.18 0.03-0.17 0.0 M.19 0.02-0.20 0.02-0.16

[

3 4

Uranin eg/l

< l.0- <50

< l.0-< 50

< 1.0-< 50

< l.0- < 50 -

< 50 -

uitrate-hitrite Nitregen eg/l

< 0.01-0.133

< 0.01-0.39

< 0.01-0.21

< 0.01-0.25 1.27-1,40 Iotal Kj:Idahl filtregen og/l 0.22-1.1 0.041.7 0.2'r0.8

< 0.02-2 3

' 0.02-C.3 A., via nitroger.D eg/l

< 0.01-4.16

< 0.01-0.11

< 0.01-0.05 0.01-0.03

< 0.02-0.02 Crgenic filtrege, mg/l 0.22-1.05 0.01-1.67 0.2 M.76

< 0.02-2.27

< 0.02-0.78 i

]

i i

b L

l T:ble 6. (cont.)

j Autaona Creek Alabna River C:=nyon Crr+k j

Parn eter Units 1-1 I-7 T-3 T-5 T-6" l

f j

Ph0rphorus ng/l

< 150

< 150

< 150

- < 150

' <0.001

< 150 :

i C2c-lume eg/l

<0.001

<0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001 Silvere eg/l 0.001-0.004

< 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.005

< 0.001-0.005

< 0.001 j

Chloride mg/l 3.}-7. /

4.6-8.0 5.0-8.0 5.0-812 3.0-5.1 Earen eg/l

<0.01-0.23

< 0.01-0.10

< 0.01-4.12

< 0.014.12

<0.0? <0.2 IM;anece eg/l 0.09-0.20 0.06-0.13 0.06-0.12 0.0'r-0.12 0.06-0.13 j

l'olyr eenco mg/l

<0.0 p 0.2

< 0.03- < 0.2

< 0.03-<0.2

< 0.03-<0.2

< 0.0}-< 0.2 Zinc eg/l

< 0.01-0.02

< 0.01-0.02

< 0.01-0.1

< 0.01 -0.1

.0.01-0.1 j

lead rg/l

< 0.001-0.007

<0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.15

< 0.001-0.003

< 0.001-<0.0}

4

5adic, rg/l 2.0-3.8 2.}-6.2 2.5-7.8 2.3-8.6 1.4-1.6 Total organic carbon eg/l 1.2-29.3 1.5-19.3 1.}-27.6 3.1-28.6 2.7-26.0 j

Cya,1de eg/l

< 0.001-<0 020

< 0.001-4.020

< 0.001- <0.020

< 0.001 <0.020

< 0.001 <0.020 l

Earium mg/l

< 0.1-1.4

< 0.1-1.4

< 0.1-1.4

' < 0.1-1.;

< 0.1- <0.5 l

Sclenicnj, mg/l 0.001-0.004 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.002 0.003 l

Alusinn eg/l 0.2 0.2

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.1 j

j Beryllius og/l

<0.001- <0.002

< 0.001- <0.002

< 0.001-<0.002

< 0.001-<0.002

<0.001-< 0.002 j

Ar:er.ic' eg/l 0.002-0.006 0.004-0.0 %

0.002-4.007 0.003-0.003 0.002 j

Salfice eg/l

< 0.02-< 0. 4

< 0. 02- <0. 4

< 0.02-<0.4

< 0.02- < 0.4

< 0.02-<0.4 b

l Sulfate ng/l 7.f-ll.5 9.0-11.5 10.0-12.7 9 2-13 3 '

3.7-3.8 ictel bo:phate fborphorus eg/l 0.06-0.94

0. l '.-l.16 0.Lb0.12

'O.01-0.10

< 0.01-0.032 Iotal alkalinity rg/lasCaCO (4.5 5.5-26 12.946 12.9-44

<13-10 y

j 011 anc Crease eg/l 0-29.8 0-20.0 0-21.2 0-9.1 2.L10.7 i

Fha.wls eg/l

< 0.001-0.007

< 0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.003

<0.001-0.002

< 0.001-0.001 Surfzetants mg/l

< 0.001-0.05

< 0.001-0.05

< 0.001-0.04

< 0.001-0.05

< 0.001-0.02 853rpltd only during f all ar.d sue. er.

1 three replicates were coalyzed during the winter, spring, and surser seasens.

• Leverdete:tionlinit(LDL)infallwas0.01.

LDL in fall was 0.5.

l LCL in iall vos 0.03.

C l

t.nalyzed only during winter, spring, and sumner.

[

j 9tDL in f all was 0.005 and all stations were < 0.005.

[

l LDL in winter, spring. and sua:Per was 1.0.

I i

i l

1 i

t j

^

~

f i

76 Table

7. Range of 'results of physical, cheelcal, and alcrobiological analyses of groundwater samples collected at the ANffP site.

Method of Detection Parameter' Units Preservation Holdina Ilse Limit Color Chloroplatinate Cool, 4 C 24 h I

Water temperature OC Det on site No holding R/A Specific conductance ystemens e 25 C Cool, 4 C 24 h I

pH".

Standard units

_Det on site 6h N/Ad Blocheelcal oxygen demand agfl.

Cool, 4 C 24 h N/A Chemical oxygen demand ag/l H $02 4 to pH< 2 7 days 0.1 Turbidity Jiu

. Cool, 4 C 7 days 0.1 intal sollds ag/l Cool, 4 C 7 days 1

Dissolved solids ag/l Cool, 4 C 7 days 1

c Suspended solids eg/l cool 4 C 7 days Volatile solids ag/l Cool, 4 C 7 days 1

Settleable solids al/1/h,

Mone Required 6h 0.1 Total collform bacteria f.olonies/100ml Cool, 4 C 8h N/A fecal coliform bacteria Colonies /100 al Cool, 4 C 8h A/A Mareslum og/l 90 to pH <2 6 no 0.1 3

Calclua*

ng/l M03 to pH <2 6 mo 0.1 fron eg/l HM0 to ph <2 6 no 0.05 3

Chromium eg/l M0 to pH <?

6 so 0.001' 3

Mercury og/l 3

I M0 to pH <2 38 days (glass) 0.000?

N! ciel eg/l H30 to pH <2 6 r:o 0.02 9 3

Copper eg/l HM0 to pH <2 6 mo 0.001 3

c fluoride 59/1 None Required 7 days 0.01 Uranius eg/l M0 to pH <2

, 6 mo 50 3

nitrate +41 trite nitrogenC og/l H 50 to pH < ?, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.005 2 4 lotal kjeldahl ritrogen eg/l H 502 4 to pH <2, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.15 A m ia nitrogenc rg/l H 50 to ph <?, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.02 24 Organic nitrogen eg/l H 504 to pH < 2, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.15 2

Phosphorus ag/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 10 l

3

• Cadelus og/l M0 to pH< ?

6 mo 0.001 3

Silver og/l M0 to pH<2 6 ao 0.00le

{

3 Chloride og/l Mone Required 7 days 3.0 Boron og/l Cool, 4 C 6mo 0.01 Manganese ag/l M0 to pH< ?

6 no 0.01 3

Molybdenue og/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 0.05 3

21ne og/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 0.01 3

1.ead eg/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 0.001 9 3

Sodium ag/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 0.02 3

!atal organic cerbon mg/l H 504 to pH < 2, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.1 7

Cyanide og/l ha0H to pH 12, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.001 Barli.m og/l M0 to pH< 2 6 mo 05 3

Selenium eg/l M0 to pH< 2 6 rm 0.00th 3

Alusinum eg/l Hi0 to pH< 2 6 mo 0.5 Beryllium eg/l MO to pH< 2 6 mo 0.001 Arsenic eg/l M to pH< ?

6 mc 0.001 9 Sulfide mg/l 2 el linc acetate 24 h 4.0 Salfate*

r.g/l Coel, 4 C 7 days 3.0 Total phnsphate phosphcrus eg/l F SC to p 1<2, Cool 4 C 24 h 0.04 5

2 4 Total alkallnity rg/lasCaCO Cool, 4 C 24 h 1.0 3

011 e-d Creasec eg/l H 504 or hcl to pH <?

24 h 0.1 2

Phenols eg/l 1 g Cu30r,/1, H PO4 to pH< 4 24 h 0.005 3

Surfactants rg/l Cool. 4 C 24 h 0.01

77 inble 7. (cont.)

g Parameter Wl' WlA W-2 W3 City Color 60 0

0-5 0-5 0

ilater temperature 18.1 14.0 14-23

14. 5-24 20.0 Specific conductance 120 30 30-36 30-34 65 pHC 5.8 6.2 i85-6.9 5.L7.2 7 3-7.5 Blochemical oxygen demand 3.3 0.4 0.4-0.9

0. H 6 0.5 Cheelcal oxygen demand 160

< 3.0

< l.0 < 3.0

< l.0- < 3.0

<3.0 l

Turbidity 110 0.4 0.5-8 0.5-10 0.6 Total solids 119 37 39-98 36-79 61 Dissolved solids 92 37 39-94 36-78 61 Suspended solids' 48 0

0-1 0.-3

/

Volatile solids 23 16 8-53 4-55

/

Settleablesolids

< 0.1 0

0 0

0 Total collform bacteria 11,600 0

0-45 o-16 0

focal collform bacteria 1.400 0

0 <4 0-<4 0

Magnesium 1.4

< 0.1

< 0.14.45

< 0.1-0.32

• ).1 Calcluac 90 0.8 0.8-6.3 0.8-6.5 1.5 Iron 16.3 0.04 0.01-0.14 0.07-0.45

.01 Chroelus

<0.01 0.001

< 0.001-0.001

< 0.0014.001

<. 001 Mercury

<0.5

< 0.0002

< 0.0022

<0.0002

< 0002 Michel

< 0.03 0.07 0.02-0.0/

0.0H.08 s 12 Copper 0.02 0.050 0.04H.063

< 0.01-0.128 I 150 Fluoride

• 0.17 0.08-0.09 0.02-0.14 0.01-0.14 v.02 Uranlue

< l.0

<50

< l.0 < 50

<l.0 <50

< 50 Altrate+N1triteflitregen*

0.22 1.19 0.92-1.501

< 0.01-0.51

<0.01 TotalEjaldahlnitrogen 0.46 0.20 0.0L2.0 (0.02-1.2

<0.01 Ammonianitrogen*

0.30 0.02

< 0.01-0.04

< 0.01-0.02

<0.01 Drganic nitrogen 0.3 0.18

< 0.01-1.98

< 0.01-1.18

<0.01

< 150

< 150

< 150.

< 150 Phosphorus Cadelus 0.01

< 0.001

< 0.001 < 0 01

< 0.001-< 0.01

<0.001 Silver

< 0.01 0.002

< 0.0C1-0.003 0.003-0.022 0.001 Chloride 8.5 3.6 2.4-51

< 2.0-5.1 4.!

Baron

< 0.02

< 0.01

< 0.02-0.12

< 0.02-0.22 0.10 Manganese 0.19

< 0.01

<0.01

< 0.01-0.04

<0.01 Molybdenue

<0.03

< 0.2

< 0.03- < 0.2

<0.0} <0.2

< 0.2 Zinc 1.21 0.29 0.0M.15 0.69-2.02

<0.01 Lead 0.03 0.014

< 0.001-0.004

< 0.001-0.009 0.002 Sodiu.

9.6 1.2 1.6-3.6 1.4-2. 2 2.1 Total organic carbon 11 1.2 1.2-14.3 0.9-22.6 0.4 Cyanide

< 0.005

< 0.020

< 0.001 <0.020

< 0.001 < 0.020

< 0.020 Barium

<0.1 0.6

< 0.1-1.4

< 0.1-1.4

< 0. 5 i

Selenive

< 0.005

< 0.001

< 0.001-0.002 0.002-0.004 0.002 Aluminus

< 0.1

< 1.0

( 0.1- < l.0

< 0.1- < l.0

< l.0 8ery111us

< 0.002

< 0.001

< 0.001- <0.002

< 0.001-< 0.002

<0.001 Arsentc

< 0.03 0.008 0.002-0.004 0.00 H.007 0.003 Sulfide 0.16

< 0. 4

< 0.02- < 0. 4

< 0.02-< 0.4

< 0.4 Sulfate" 10 7.0-72

< l.0-12.2

< l.0-13.7 12.6 Total phosphate phosphorws 0.306

< 0.01

< 0.01-0.03

< 0.01-0.01 0.03 Total alnalinity 50 9.5

< 10-10.5

< 10-15.6 31.9 Oil and GreaseC 1.8 0

0-11.8 0-21. 8 0

Phenols

<0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001-0.003 0.003 Surfactants 0.05

< 0.020

< 0.001-0.03

< 0.0014.01 0.008 Sampled only in fall.

't0L in fall was 0.01.

Sampled only le winter.

LDL in fall was 0.5.

hhree replicates were analyred during winter spring, suoner seasons. fLDL in f all was 0.03 Lower detection level (LDL) in f all vas 1.0.

LDL in fall was 0.005.

e

b

?

78 Isble : 6. Habitat. features of the trosects in Autae; Creek and Altba a River adjacer.t to the AVfP site. -

L Vitth(c)*

- te-th (::)*

- Current (-/s)' '-Shorelire Cover -

Transect 20-46 0.4-2.4..

0.01 9 5 fioderate; ovchanging T-1 Upstrces,.

trees Autsuga Creek 1-2 ficar routh, D}-125 34.4' fio reasurable' lbderate; ste:ps, curreat trees Auta: iga Cree't 1-3,~I-4,I-5 175-200 E.}-12.6

0. }-1.3 l'oderate; fallen trees, stu ps, back-Alabama Elver

- edoies; r:o covar,-

sand bluffs at 14(1) i-6A Nerth' share Minical; sandy shore, Alabna River few stu ps, sparce riparicasegetation M % 'riter, C.75-1.0 ha 1.5-2 Ibderate; iallea trees, overbz::;ir.g.

'nbasa River area vegetatica -

• Pang: of a.cra;e. emretants frc,15: seasycl surnfc.

i.

4 b

g.

e-..

--g-2

,,-..e--,,n,m-,,

.,+w,--m_

,_,,~,.,._.,-,w-,.e.

.....,e,-wew a, %.,st

79 inble 9. Fish capture rathods sumaary at the I:ffP site.

Cent Iransect fall t! inter Snrico Suener Autauga Creek 1-1 Gill ret Gill net Seine Seine Trep net Trao net Electroffsher Electrcfisher Electrofisher T-2 Gill net Gill net Gill net Gill net Seine Seine Seine Electroficher.

Electrofisher Electroffsher Alabama River 1-3(1)

Gill net Gill ret Gill net Gillr.et Electrcfisher Electroffsher Electrofisher I-3(5)

Gill net Gill net Gill net Gill ret Electrofisher Electrofisher Electrcfisher T-;(1)

Gill net Cill r.ct C'.ll net Gill net

~

seine Electrefisher Electrofisher Electroffsher Seire Se!ne T-4(5)

Gill net Gill ret Gill ret Electrefisher Electrofisher Eltetrofisher T-5(1)

Gill net Gill r.et Gill n:t Gill ret Electr:'isher Electrofisher Electrofisher T-5(5)

Gill net Gill ret Gill net Gill ret Electt:fis".er Electrofisher Electrcf! sher 1-9 Seine Gill ret Gill net Gill cet Electr: fisher Electrofisher Electrofi:her Trap ret Irap r.et Trap net i

i 0

4

Table 10. Mean density (no./ml) cf phytoplankton collected in Autauga Creek (T-2) and Alabaca River (T-4 and T-9) at the EffP site, fall Wie,ter bring Surer-io::ual Im I-2 I4 I-2 1-4 I4 I-2 I-4 T-9 I-7 I-4 T--9 l-2' I-4 T F Chlorcphjta (green algae)

Arhintrea' ems ialcatus 32.0 7.0 7.0 10.5 40.0 16.5 12.0 24.0 69.0 79.0.

66.0

.31.1 27.1.433 Lin.teri.n rp.

2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 1.0 6.0 5.5 2.1 0.8 2.3';

C. yer t! *e-o 0.5 0.1 Kirch oi,r2 Irnaris ho 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.5 0.8. 0.6 0.3 lerv :" us sp.

4.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 -

1.0 0.9 '

5.... 4 ir:ta E.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 2.0 0.3

5. r.i i.or 0.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 1.5 0.9 0.1 0.8

5. e ! -r9::n 1.0.

0.3 i

5. w eic.ud, 8.0 4.0 2.5 2.0 35

!0.0 22.0 28.0 10.1 7.0 10.5 t:tinv tr:n u nt:chii 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.8 0.6 ~ 0.7 i

terI r.tre riicra,wrem

' O.5 0.5 -

0.5 '

0.3 O.1 trecin%_i_q tetr:meria 8.0 1.5 1.0 -

0.5 0.1

?.4 0.3~

L. ei.,-r ta 1.0 0.3 co.

2.5 2.0 0.5 0.6- 0.5. 0.2 l

Ir.-i 7:r.. s h i

r.tMrn 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.3 - 0.4 i

Ele..ren. : cp.

4 C. * *. u t e,

2.0 3.0 0.5' O.8 sel:. t r-:e nr. cile 0.5 0.1 4

0.5

5....tii 2.0 L T. : ctcrete 0.5 10.5

'0.1 2.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.5 St v; m tru, sp.

0.5 0.1 j

_tumrin, ep.

0.5 0.2 l

Cm... ien p.

Drteria sp.

1.0 O.3 Fitrmrr sp.

3.5 0.9

}

tr.iccatified green algae 162.0 40.5

{

Chry;tphy ta S::cillariephyccae (ciatems)

Cvelotella_sp.

1.0 05 0.3 0.2 4.5 7.5 3.5 1.4 3.1 1.5 Lvc!n+ _11_a spp.

1.0 5.0 1.0 1.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 2.0

-2.8 2.3

r. %,,-t!-ira 2.0 1.0 i

C. st-111 e ri 0.5 0.1 I_

1 lable 10. (cont.)

fall Wi_r:ter Snring 5 r rer Annual Trva I-2 Tfi I-2 T4 I-9 T-2 I4 T-9 T-2 T4 I-9 I-2 T4 T-9 Cnrytophyta(cont.)

{

!a:illerienhyce:(cont.)

% Ir_:i rp.

8.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 A. cr:'. hta 17.0 210.0 13.5 23.0-21.5 1.58.0 6.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 9.8 64.4~ 12.5 i

E. v::ri ns 3.0 1.5 13.5 05 0.5 1.0 : 0.4 4.5 1*. u Inns 25.0 - 25.5 27.5 30.0 29.0 31.0 13.8 13.6 19.5 st rc..witcus :pp.

1.5 3.5 3.5

- 6.0 5.5 7.0 1.9 2.3 3.5

5. n.: ea ii 65.0 90.0 16.3.22.5 f_q ciont.iset.s :pp.

0.5 3.0 6.0

' O.1 0.8 2.0 k.teri eella forrosa 6.5 8.5 12.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 '

2.0 0.5 2.3 2.5 4.3.

Diato., vulnare 3.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.2 Ir:.cilviicratencesis 0.5 0.1 I:t e!! aria tent.:tr,ta 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 Svn m ra :pp.

1.0 4.0 1.0 13.0 6.0 4.3 0.52.0

5. acus 2.5 3.0 4.5 0.6 0.8 1.5 2

5. n os var, rinou: tis.ims 2.0 0.7

3. _viirmt rni r!cs 1.5 1.0

. 1. 5 0.4 0.3 0.3

1. uit a 2.0 1.0

0. 5.

0.5 0.3 0.2 l

.aicula rp.

3.0 4.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.4 l

iwic.al2:pp.

2.5 2.5 'I.5 2.0 0.5

- 5.5 1.1 - 0.8

2. 3 j

g. ri r o.mcN!a 4.5 1.5

?.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.4 OJ r.. r: riv.a 0.5 0.1 A. cry.tncenhala 0.5 0.2 -

ri retirectori var. eter51a 0.5 0.1

{

Ee i<im circulare 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2

{

i.eci e sp.

1.0

0. 3 -

3. irir is var. em5ir:e rhus 0.5 0.1 l

Cr*r e r i parvulta 9.5 1.0 4.0 1.5 2.8 0.3 1.3 l

G. ir tricurm var. vibria 0.5 0.1 j

i r.- t n ri na i>'en 0.5 -

0. 2 ~

n i

1. rb 'ui.es var..mobenle6rol & s 1.0 0.3 l

tii t e r hi a sp.

1.0 j

litr cSia pp.

3.0 2.5 1.0

. 3.5.

0.2 2.5 1.0 10.0 8.0 8.5 4.1 3.4 3.5 l

A.hil.atico 0.5 3.0

. 2.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 i

t c

1

/

l

4 I:ble 10. (cent.)

l

' t.

4 Fall Vinter Serinq surer Aa.ntal fav' l-7 T-4 T-7 IJ.

1-9 T-7 T4 T-9 I?

I-4 I I-2 T-4 T-9 Chrytt,5yta (cent.)

fceilltriep5yceae(cont.)

f;it.~ Bia lineari 1.0 03 4

5 F "a 2.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 0.5,

3.0 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.0 l

b rvvul, 0.5 0.5 -

1.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 f

tia. rp.

0.5

0. 2.

Eiu2ti, Lip.

1.0 0.3 j

l.'r..

1.5 0.4~-

i. JMn:?

0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 I. c' rinli.

1.0 0.5 0.3

. 0.2 I. r-ine 0.5 0.2

l. & ".in lin 1.5 0.4 e

'. rit in tis ver. undalata 1.0 0.3 i

fI w !_.13 :;.

0.5 0.1 1

F. t'ia v.

2.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 j

'krirel!n t;p.

0.5 0.1 c4 N

Cue r11 a :;>.

2.0 8.0

0. 5 2.0 1

1

_C. _t.. Ma 0.5 1.0 0.5 C.1 n -t a 1.0 0.3

~'.li.trid-a 0.5 1.5 05 05 1.0 -

0.3 0.4 0.5 C

4 i

L.

i... r i a:en tula C.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 i

i,:: 1 r it elliptics 1.5 0.4

[.1.,.the.

p.

0.5 0.1 C.rv.

m :p.

0.5 0.1 A-h v a v. dis 0.5 0.2 i

i t.r. te :r.c m, crue!cels 1.5 0.5 Chry::pp cEiialce, t,rewn algic)

~

01c4rton_spp.

2.5 1.5

' O.5 -

2.5

.1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 1

i I:.

tirit: ten 1.0 3.0 0.3 0.1 l

grya: ceu. refeccens 1.5 0.5 1

t'. -11e 4 r. : :p.

2.0 6.0 0.5 1.5 I

i r Pr: v. rp.

3.0 0.8 Dir:eg> r cae 4

T' t"icie, cuadridens 1.0 03 Peric inie :pp.

24.0 23.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 2.2 i

i f

1 i

i 3

idle 10.~(cent.)

fall Winter Soring St e r Annual less I-7 T4 T-7 14 1-9 T-2 I4 T-9 1-2 14 T-9 T-7 I4 T-9 Chrysophyta(cont.)

Cryptephytese C5ree tras sp.

97.0 24.3

,Cyr,yr.treenas ovata 32.0 9.0 8.0 2.3 Euglenet.bjta fucirns sp.

2.0 0.5 0.6 -

1:n-*1, w rp.

1.0 1.5. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 l. u r ' <.s 0.5 0.2 Cyancitiyti(blue-greenalgae) 15rit eredia.:pp.

152.0 22.0 31.0 34.5 5.545.811.5 kbin'hrix calcicola 70.0

.17.5 SticMirA n sp.

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 03 0.1 0.3 h:tu r.. r;:.

1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.; 0.3 F rit!.'teria sp.

1.5 0.5 0.5 -

0.5. 0.1 Ouill:.tarii top.

29.5 13 0 24.5

. 7.4 - 4.8 - 8.2 i

0.4 ty,eya sp.

1.5

. 16.0-90 14.5 4.0 2.3 4.8

riculina cpp.

i iotal 514.0 536.0 74.0 E0 5 125.0 75.5 75.5 84.0 300.0 271 5 263.5 i

i 4

'i i

1 i

G

{

j i

i I

4 I

i

~.

=

84 Iable II. Iban annual rcIntive abndance of criphyton calic ted from Alta>3a Creek (I-1, T-2) and s

Alaba,3 P.iver (I-3, I-4 I-5,14A, and I-9) at the AliffP site.

1 Creek River fara I-1 I-?

i-3 1L I-9 1-6!d I-9 Chrysophyta Bacillaricphyceae I

AcFn?,tbas cearctata I

A. ipr.ceolata v. cabin I

I A. Pit'utissim3 I

I I

Icinanttessp.

I I

I I

,A shara anlis isterincella_ forra q I

I I

I I

Mdchia laevis l

I Cslereis :p.

l I

I

,C,. _acill a t

Canartee. a cruicula I

I I

I C-c:v eis reciet.lcs I

I C.riardula I.

I I

I I

l Ceccor_ni_s spr.

I Cueicreis::s 30.

l hipire -ic:es spp.

I I

I I

I I

l C.cl:,*r'la spp.

C. e tc ;*.

I I

I I

I

.C rr.. -Sini us C. < t 1 ! ! ~.,

I I

I I

i c...-

i.,,,r,e y

1 1

I I

J

- ',_:, r C. ci. tela a

C. r-r,

'ic I

I 1

C. I v n 31 an I

I I

I 1

C. rir ita I

C. r.!culvf ar-is I,

C tc-ira I

i I

M I

I H

I I

I I

I I

I I

l C. vr" rice =3 i

Diete.a v:.!:are I

l I

Cir.le--is sp.

I I

I I

.C. ell;rtica l

[r :ti_t r,.

I I

fe~ti,rpp.

I I

I I

I l

f..'rc o I

I I

l E. p -

t, I

I I

I I

I

.t_. f ! t.

ta

-t rinic.is I

I J

[. f r-ti--lis I

I

_E. r e"i-a s v. ca*t a I

I fr>~:1_r u m

• -.- is f r. ij.,.i p ar r i.,

I I

1 I

f r.

rr -.m f..-

v. c a t bt >

I fr.:'-i,.

,"-1.c I

I i

1

85 lable 11. (cont.)'

Creek Riycr Taxa 1-1 1-?

1-3 I-4 1-5 I-(4 T-9 Chrysophyta(cont.)

Bacillarlophyceae(co.it.)

_Cpr.ntenema sp.

I Co, tone n spp.

I I

I I

C ecaustatt1_

1

6. avaur I

I G. rarvulce 1

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

_Cyrosicea, sp.

I I

G. ec;,in2tc, I

O. Ene.neerii_

I Hantzschia sp.

I H. _a chloxvs Yerid.cn circubre I

l'elesira enien I

I H. cistens I

I I

I I

I I

[. vistrs v. Aices I

I I

I I

I'4 crawlata I

I I

I I

I I

II. vari ns l'

I H

M I

I A

I f4!ctira sp.

l tvic"b sp.1 I

thvic.;la sp. 2 I

!.asicula spp.

I M

I M

I I

I I

I I

1._ctnitata 1.rer.te,t>

I I

I I

I I

1. co nt xe 5..,1, 1.crsetace:--1,s.veneta I

1. nralis 1

I I

I 1.pcussis

1. elrire. sis I

3. cichliferia I

I I

I 1.ratida 1.rbcenta 1

1

1. radiosa I

I I

I I

I I

1. rynchccchah I

I I

I I

I I

1. salir. art. v. inta.dia I

3 fi. schreeteri v. esca tia I

I

\\

I i

~i.sy~~trica li. trir.m.t?

I

.. siri ;!a v. r: tellata I

I I

lt 9 sp.

I I

I I

I I

n. irteis v. r9!ca-W;s I

!.it:<chis sp.

I tii t z :c

• i _: spp.

I M

M I

I I

I

1. r Eitia I

1.r!ausii I

I

.t. ei.r ! n t,

I

3. f r a t J. -

I li. bls tica I

I I

I I

86

.1

. Table 11. - (cont.)

Creek River in I-l I-?

i-3 T-4 T I 6A I-9 _

r Ch'rysophyta (cont.)

Sacillarlephyceae (cent.)

liltischia larecriana I

li, c5tuta v. scalnciliforris I

I I

I H

H I.

H I

I I

1.palet I

I I

I I-I I

E.parain l

1. sic.oida I,. trvhlionella v. victoriac -

1 Pinnularia_ sp.

1-Pir.nuluis_spp.

I I

I I

P. ebw M eis I

P. tices I-I P. cit;M a I

P. r,iero,tn' aron.

I

.I Ple:resicq sp.

Fr.eientshria ent.,ta i

I Fen 31; tit nitterals I

St.r.:re".cis p.

I I

j S. cr *.!ct.19 I

I' 5trr~.ter 9 a irt_crredi; I

I i

1 Ste H - 6 cus sp.

4 Ste r.. ite:s s;;.

I I

I S. tst ~ 2 v. ricettia I

I I

5. H-t! c'eli Surireila 50.

I I

I I

I I

5. gg, nata I

S. c a.ta Su e.fri spp.

I I

I I

I I

1

5. ecticastroldes I

I I

I I

I

5. scas 1

1 I

_i. M 5.. cl.'a 1

I I

I I

I I

I Mellaria_sp.

1. fcn strats I

I I

I 1 fic:culosa 1

' twicentifisc cectric Gate-I I

Cr.r):orhjecae Cird r.ca sp.

I I

)

Chlore;hytt 14istrec't us falest a I'

M N

H I

M H

Actir -tr dtterii I

I I

4 1

I I

I I

Clestni-a sp.

C. r,,!!ferc,

I I

Ce s- * ' : - 53.

I I

I tericii, sp.

1

+

I:Ict."ces :p.

1 I

I I

,Fh.** 'ia Fp.

i 1

i

_,_,___,,~,,,,.,-,_.-...-..<,_.,,,,_.,.._._,._.,~..__.%..,,.

i i

87 fable 11. (cont.)

C r e e'<

river Iara T-1 1-2 i-3 1-4 T -5 1.4 19 Chloroptyta(cont.)

Pediastrun 6.clex I

I I

_Scenedesn;s wricatys I

5,. blien I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

,5 cinornrus

5. cuatricauda I

I I

I I

I I

t

5. cuadricauda v. rexina I

I I

I Solenastrum ct?tij,e,e Soirecyra sp.

I I

I I

Sta;rastrun raraferut I

I I

I I

Strarastri.,sp.

I I

I Sticrocloniu: sr.

Cy a.1ophyt a Inabria sp.

I 1

I I

I br.9ya s.p.

I H

H I

M I

I Cscillatoria s;.

I I

I I

I I

I

_Stichsieron sp.

I.

I fo rr.hyrosir d !;.

I I

I I

I 5 r.imit rix cs!8ccia 1

I I

I I

I I

lotallaxa 73 67 67 65 5')

O Abu.1dr.:e was ceter-iced separately for dators (Chrysopyta) a ic for er,-Jiate.s (Chlorcphyte aad 8

Cycacpyta) zecore ; to: A - ehnt:.t, >20% total r. :ter; H - rXcale, 'c?0% total r.t. ter; I -

inf rez cot, <5% t:'z'. re;er, i:ot sa" pled 6,rir; dnter Ge to tigh silt-laden river flew.

i t

li t

T:ble '12.

F.can density (r.o./b of zeoplankton collected in Autau;3 Creek (T-2) and Altbama River (I fe and I-9) at the APHP site.

fa11 sint er seriy s.f,..r

(..- i im I-7 la t-7 t4 1.n i_2 T1 14 t>

t4 14 1-2 ta t-g Lt!fers ht >-.%

a r t '. at s 11.1

%.0 220.0 3.0 11.0 73.3

- - ! '. ' ' w.

9.1 2.3

,L "

. re.

32.3 11.3 8.2 3.0

[

- -? r!-

16.4 23.5 439.9 5%5 176.0 1118.4 292.5 3E7

~ 11732 9 2547.2 ' - 4S53.8 3329.0 - 22 2.7

!!' 2.5 32.8 94.4 659.9 1723.5 703.9 65.5' 174.2 455.7 216 r.1_. -

is 32.8 11.8

- 3%7 210.2 65.8 4755.6 5427.3 1519.2 1295e 1412.s 523.3 f.**.

1. L a _L I 't '

4.0 13.3 65.5 132.1 44.0 4.6 21.9 -

l 1

t.

1959 43.9 1.****

131.6 18.3 1153.9 104.6 198.2 33C.1

. 3353.9 IX4.3 30.7 65.1 164.7 493.5 526.3 12!!1.5 12922.0 3566.7 35 1.6 1

'.*'/-

65.3 523.4

' 2%)

152.2

- 1;t.5 73.6

!!.0 i

33.0 29.3-b-

O h :.s.

16.4 4.1

}

3-

! 3.O-r-I s 1*0.6 4%Z ~

51.4

1. e : $

23.0 65.8 66.1 16.5.

I i- 'r

%.0 131.6 6L3 396.3 264.2 -

1 31.9 -

' 124 7 j

1 16.4 4.1 r.

.... 4.,5 21".1.0 6tt.4

,483 9 2427.2 571.9 4473.7 5210.2 33553 9643.3 37312.1. 2702.1 4137.9. !!!33.5 2211.1 l

1 1._ '

t-49.3 12.3 C3-A. ( - o 8.2 2,1 g

s. ~ " b h M.0 621.5 11.0 15% 8 l

1. c CL8 16.5

!?2.4 44.0

$4.1

?

E,,.;

t. ? :.

24.6 1 31. 5 2v 2, 132.1 7E2.

!!.8 37.9 -.

6.2

1. L.

3I?.0 47.2 2%3.4 t.

8.2 7.1

..-+rv.

c.2 2.1 j

1

_f t s. r rem,eis 11.8 65.8 52.3 132.1 16.0 65.9 1

l',. 4 11.8 658 20.6 3.0

^

N. + r. r t.:.rl a 32.5 439.9 907.5 6159 921.1 109.7 723.7 I !21.0 569.2 32.3

. 2751.2 E6.6 -

55'.6 -

r..

'o 147.8 23.3 1407.7 3132.7 23/5.5 IGL.7, 14.3 1447.4 5019 8 1033.9 1915.5 205 % 0 1017

!?l2.3 55.7 23.6 5'j2.1 le.)

3025.3 164.5 10.5 1 72.!

b l

I-2 _. 2 33.0 44.0 2311. 8 22.0 765.3 I.r."m 132.0 26' 2 27.4 460.5 9:.s 6.9 153.5 165.3 41.6 f.

t ',

M.0

'11.C

~

I. e j

i 1 " e 3 ;.

8.2 2.1 l

T. ic- $-ti +

53.0 42.5 4.0 65.8 33.5 13.7 14.7 i

d i

i i

. ~

,_...~._._._.__-m.

. ~.. _.. __

m 4

V T21e 12. (cent.)

'i j

I91 wieter scri,n h-r A m 1-

' f =i I-;

i

!-7 14 1.4 l-7 f.s. -

1.4 1.7 14 la I_;

la t_;

2ctifera (ca-t.)

u

. f i ' H 1- -?.*3 132.0 M7.3 175.0 2394.7 73.1 11t4.2 396.3

• %.7 IE.1

' 453 3 -

.H a

6.- -

• e-e -n-re sis 43).9 741. 2 13.0 6%3 13.3 131.6 125.4

!!9.9 -

E7.9 ~

166.3 41.6

1. ?-- - - i-s_

303.0 1533 M.0 9.1 197A 193.2 1 54.0

- 40.6 145.5 '

3 i!w :p.

5 ~

'460.5 26's.2 104.6 42$3.3 65.1 26.2 -155.6 t' eh ;.

1. r ' :' -

4.0 44.0 131.6 18.3 ilE4.2 43.9 4.6 409.4

~^

- !ots 23.0 19 % 9 L:.0

- 22.0 4E.9 -

22.0 5%5 13.9 j

i

1. -ris M.0 8%1

- 19?A.

65.8

' 60A ~

21.3 ~

21.9 t.

'i w'is 4.0 1973 60.4 F. tei n 65.8 132.1 52.3 66.1-49 5 13.1

'22.0 P. -

n enitds 42.6 10.7 r. 7 :.

3:51. 6 2623A 3552.6 3%.3 3655.9 198.2 1069.5 1659.5 12 %.3 L-. -. m sp.

66.1 22.0 t

t xwie: ratifees 952A 212.4 747.8 290.8 879.8 S36.S 173.7 25.7 6340.8 3W1.9 594.5

.2257.0 1169.7 32 3.7 Artt.r p:a t

Cretrea Cinc: era 1.r ew.e - h.re -

16A 65.8 20.6 cn 12.3 w

4?7*.

49.3. 3610.0483.?

787.6 30 8.0 2631.6 2723.9 1578.9

' 132.1 1479.2 967.9 ~ ' 21%2 '

629.0 j

+o t w-s tetris 624.0

~:i :. tris 16A 23.6 4.1 59 t. -!

r.

-c. r. -

16A 23.6 88.0 1 31.6 18.3 263.2 57.0 10.5 '

i-a..

153A 3G.6 t?.5 l

i

's. r rs b -

11.8

. 2.9 7; ~

(%S

$$.1 526. 3

$2.3 1%.1 16.5 '. 161.6' 219.5-

. r. -%,o

a. n. t< t...i - s 11.8 2.9

['

l E...

.9.

41.1 M.0 21.3 i

1.gra... b. ature) 6%8 16.5

.:.u.

!i--

55.5 13.9 t..

r bris 5%$

13.9 6%8 242.1 (6.1 16.5' 60.5 22.0 l

1:

...-t

.,fic t- -i -- :. a. tru 517.0 66.1 129.3 22.0 I

Cc ers:a e 7., oo~ t

• s).

49.3 12.3 23.0 262.1 9.1 6%8 22.0 69.3-

-21.9

{

t i ~ c - -.,,.

47.2

'11.8

}

L. r C i m -

7 6.2 194.7-E r -+.s t;. ('nenlle) 24.6 778.8 l

1 1

(

6 4

4

=.

1, t

i l-l T.ble 12. (cont.)

8*

C:e t. r La riae Sea er 1 r.o; b"

!.?

t s.

t_7

!_4

!_9 r_?

r_4 ts:

r_p r_r.

lg L7

!_f.

I_;

'rt&re-:(a (ccat.)

Cret:ces (cer.t.)

k; c:t b (c:-t.)

f- - :?-o re !sa ( b es!!e) 49.3 2!S.0 12.3.

' 6%$

t n -

s.2:t; 27.4 412A '.

E5.1 109.9 -

22.0

"!h 44.0 11.0 t-C 15.2 16.5 ~

C --

-h-42.6 18.3 6%8

~

81.6 r -

- t* - Il 106.3

t. :

b-t-

.(jaen11e)

Z.1 --

41.3 8.2 165 2 ti.;!n e 1576.3 1227.2-2067.6 3393.-)

18::3.6 2947A 6770.6 12228.9 1056.8 2623.6 _ 1519 2 -

3412.0 337a.8 5383.9 4: a,:.:M (cytic; sic) 571.9 1135.9 150 7 ?.5 539. 3 263.2 132.1 52.3 373.4 432.1 146.4 k;c;ecis (cud.c) 2G3.9 643.3 ELO 132.1 97.0 10c.8 23.3' i

esp.t ::!c ccmac 6%8 9.1 16.5 2.3 l

0:t.ec-:a 9.1 6%8 2.3 '

'21.9 f.e c.:s 16.4 11.8 571.9 404.8 220.3 6L -

147.1 - 104.1 95.5

)

iscriptea 23.0 44.0 22.C -

14.7 j

10*elln e

t!!- treats 132.0 33.0 o

In-c:2 j

D itwic:e 41.1 44.0 6%$

9.1 26.7 2.3 14.7 t 0.t ar.*

8.2 2.1 d:c; ::a 4-.1 8.9 l

e..

16.4 3%4 e i t. -m sp.

15.4 23.6 4.1' 59 C1116 ra C-

. ! S 5.,.

16A 23.6 4.1 5.9

-.-., sp.

16.4 4.1 html 61ts.0 7338.0 10250.2 - 18592.2 ')c19A 35263A 19734.7 15355.3 56256.6 791s0.0 313cs.6 293 % 9 31307.1' 251E:.7 i

4 t'

1 4

l 1

e li

+

1 5;

e S

91 lable 13 Itxononic list of. 'atic r'acroinvertctrates collected at.tte AfiffP site d: ring four seasonal surveys.

Coelenterata Arthropo d (cent.)

llydroida Irictc; tera rydridae Psycro:)iid:,e J!ydra_ sp.

M diversa_

PlatyFalcinthes Fnch yia Iricladida Polycentrapidae Flanaridae

_hnursellrsis_

D;cesia ticrina Ciptera femertea Psyrbciidce Annelida Pgeyg{ asp.

Cligachaeta Cha:teric2e liiadidae

_Chechrcs sp.

Dero dero Chiro.o:idae r

Slavina ene c;culata Abl et yr.yi a Stevenieniana trivaidrana I. reelsta Ictificidae Chire-- us Aulodrilts cic eti Cccletrve"s sp.

I. cl:,riseta C. smuleris I

Era.e.hiura so 9rbvi Cec 5-.eleria llerilus t: nle -i (n:: ce,i rene"us lir w eilts h ff eisteri C. Cf. f ulva Felesccierfegx Dicrc: m i.vs F. vsrientes G!vrt.t nrices ltrbriculidar Ftr :1:. :ecl a hirt.firea f:h ;ilt :

Glcssiptaniid:e F r e ci r.i'.s l'91ebdella stemlis f e e.t r::!.vi us Arthrop::a

_Stict-t rero us Taaf ersiri t

Isopada Asellicae Ceratep:genidee fiellussp.

Ibilusca Epherercptera Pelec)poca Ephe:eridae Corbic:,lidae Pmn2nia lir5:t3 Corbicula manilcnsis iricorythiQe f

IrIc0ryth?Cas I(f;lCDIer2 6

Siclidae Sialis I

e i

J

Icble 14 Armual eca censity (no./n ) by tran:cct of benthic rnacroinvertebrates taken from Autauga Creek and Alabama River t the AiffP site.

Autauga Cenyc.n Creek

. Alabana River Creck Beckwter Tara I-l I-2 I-3(1) I-3(5) T-i(5) 1-ATil 1 6(T) I4(5) I-5(1) i-5(3) T-5(5) i-6a-I_p H,cra 90.7 257.9 Em-i, tiurir'a 9.6 -

21.5 14.4

nrtte l':.3 4.C Larc ecro 28.7 4.8 1ry,1 ilminn :ver:'icielata 4.8 hig:. ri:;.t trivandr::na 4.S t.u! w i!..

nio eti 4.3 4.8 43.0 9.6 A. ritri a t i 374.9 19.1 9.6 7.2 40.6 62.1-2.4 19.1 76.5 64.5 95.5 I n.cf i"r 3.: rSi 4.8 7.2 16.7 4.8 21.6 26.3 6.4 3 e eile-t i. : ! <:toni 47.8 43.0 lir :.o_ ri h;.,12 wisteri 26.3 100.3 7.2 2.4 c.6 30.2 12.0 9.6 7.2 9.6 33.5 3.2 tf imfre g g scr.1x 2.4 l'. orir :: t es 2.4 26.3 8-hutue; l;tificione vitt. ce;illiforn tetae 33.4 4.6 4.C Ir ature Tubificid a without capillifor:a setae' 143.3 642.3 64.4 23.7 107.5 293.7 269.8 105.1 145.7 45.6 391.7 Luthricu:id:e 4.3 Peleb< !In _stamlis 4.8 9.6 19.1 1ulh2 p.

2.4 famre,i2 li c t:-

2.4 2.4 4.8 114.7 81.2 7.2 4.8 52.6 66.9 ich rythres 2.4 5ilii7 2.4

_Ps3ctwyiidae 2.4 9.6 Pe.n br e v i_a_

4.8 h -ivrr 1 4.8 b.rrc!!r:is 2.4 4.8

2. 4 '

P utce (larvae) 2.4 7.2 1svernaa (pnee) 2.4 tht :tros (larvae) 21.5 2.4 21.5 40.6 72 -14.3 14.3 12.0 434.3 i

.-, - - - - - -. ~. - - -, _ -

.-~m.

..~..._.-..m._,--...-...

. _...,---~..-

..........-.m

-,-.,..m+

Table 14 (cont.)

Auteuga C:nycn Crrck Alabnra River Creek Seckvater Isra I-l I-2 T-3(1) T-3(3) I-3(5) T 4(1) 1 L(3) T'i(5) 7-5(1) I-5(3) T-5(5) 1-Sa

_gu Cient eres (pepte) 2.4 2.4 25.5 Atld e

via 14.3 2.4 A. :<, W I :,

9.6 28.7 4.8 Chirene ur.

2.4 2.4

/.2 21.5 14.'3 38.3 21.5 16.7 14.4 63.7 C< ak tm 4.8 4.3 4.8

i. <c 12ris 7.2 7.2 78.3 26.3 4.8 2.4 4.8 6.4 Cc ctcreleria

2. 4 Cr.;teeirecrus 4.8 7.2 14.4 7.2 9.6 4.8 2.4 2.4 7.2 9.6 C. cf. f n!n 9.6 4.8 Licretem:ipes 2.4 2.4 1,Ttnter.ines 2.4 P:rcelr reira 2.4 26.3 9.6 2.4 4.8 fylv e ci h, 2.4 2.4 7.2 2.4 9.6 4.8 Preclv.its 4.8 181.5 4.8 33.2 76.5 9.6 9.6 64.5 9.6 57.4 19.1 25.5 Pert r:e n.:ius 7.2

{rlct?irenc9us 2.5 2.k 2.k Icaytarsini 4.8 Cf.ir:nrie:e (pupac)

2. 4 2.4 Cerate;o p it e 2.8 4.8 Cer:ie.1a r ni1entis 200.4 573 5 35.8 7.2 891.5 136.2 (6.9 662.0 513.4 letal 305.3 1413.0 532.8 652.6 418.4 783.5 1362.3 334.7 459.0 1140.0 1230.5 33.2 722 5

1. 52 pled orly during fall :eacar..

Srr. led 6: ring winter, sprirg, and serrer.

UPret9bly limnocrilus hef fnisteri.

i Table 15. Penthic'nacroinvertebrate d:versity" by statien by scaten at the CirP site.

-Diversity

_S m en T-1 T-?

T-3(1)

T-3(3)

T-315)

T-4(1) '

T l-(3)

T-4(5)

T-5(1)

T-5(3)

T5(5)

T-6 T-9 rail

.7031

.(093

.6666 5824

.9181

.Eb8

.4075

.7333

.8011 4318

.7454 1.0 K.S.

Vinter No Org.c.

.6011

.6669

.1857

.5779 5494

.6063

.4507

.8571

.7111

. 7843 N.S.

.7280 Spring

.1051

.6054

.9333 0

.2948

.79'9

.7714 0

.8233

.4673

.4947

.N.S.

O So-cr No Orc.

.62?3

.1220

.1830

.5426 7706

.0820

.3903

.7923

.3735 7414 N.S.

.0316 t'c an

.4041

.6113

.5972

.2378

.5834

.6202

.4668

.!937

.8185 4961 ~

.6915 1.0

.2532 i

1. 5irp::n's diversity index in Brower and Zar (1977).

fia ca ple.

'lio org y:ite: collected.

4 i

.L i

I

-. - - ~

95 lable 16. Life stage ord percent conposition of larval fish collected in the Autauga Creek and Alabama River spring survey.

Li f tstaqe Total Taxa Prolarv:S festlarne li'et e r Percent Dorosoma gnecinnui 1

1 0.5 5

5 2.5 Dorosa q p tenense Darec=a spp.

135 135 66.5 Clupeldae 7

41 43 23.6 Cyprinidae 8

8 3.9 Catosto idae 1

1 0.5 5

J 2.5 fpmoxis_spp.

203 100.0 Total 9

0 0

l t

v

1

'96 Table 17. Ocasity (no./m Tof larval fish collected in the Autauga Creek and Alahsra River

.j spring survey.

3 i

Creek Backwater Piver Taxa Lifesten 1-2 14_ _I l (l ) T-M 3) I-MS'1 Clupeldae(collectively)

Prolarvae end Postlarvae 2.74 1.69 2.06 2.41' l.19 Doroso.a spp.

Prolarvae 2.74 0.28 1.63 1.C3

-0.33' 0.05 0.10.

0.10

.j Clupeidae Prolarves Clupcidae Postlarvae 1.41 0.33 0.49-0.71 r

(includesgizzards.3d threadfinsted)

I Cyprinidae.

Prolarvae 0.14 0.05 0.14 l

0.05 e

Catostomid:e Prolarvae i

Centrarchidae 0.03 l

Po cyls spp.

Festi:rvae 1.13 e

l h

l l

i t

I i

l t

l l

l i

t i

C i

- - - ~ _ - --._, _. ~,

97 lable 18. Censity of larval fish collccted in tFe Aut3up Cree'< ind Aladna River spring survey.

Data are r.ca,s of two replicates per transtet.

Volume Fean location irnsect Sacoled (n )

he. 5.,tci ens 0.'nsity(nn./.c)

Auteuga Creek T-2 7.30 20 2.74 Alabt:a River I-9 3.56 10 2.81 Alabna Fiver I-4(1) 20.92 46 2.20 Alabana River 1-4(3) 39.46 S3 2.49 Alaba.-a River I-4(5) 21.14 29 1.37 e

a 4

P r

o t

i e

L b

i e

f e

r b

l 98 lable 19. List of scientific and coscon natas of fistes taken by all nethods in the lutauga Creek and Alabama Fiver in the vicinity of the A*iffP site. fic es and order of listing follow Belley j

~tal.(1970).

e

-Order / family Scientifief.ree Cormn fhie

STRI(rt011TCMS :

Lepisosteldse(gars)

Lepiscsts ocalatirs Spotted gar AllIITOMS Amlidae (bowfins)'

/elt gl,va, Powfin AfiGUIllif0TES Anguillidae (freshwater eels) liccills restrata, toerican eel CLUPEIF0 M S Clupeldae (terrings)

Alosa drysochloris-Skipjack berring Gizzard shad Dorcs: e cerecienen.

Threadfin shed D. pettnense -

SAll1011rCMS f-Esocidae (pikes)

Escx e ericanus avricancs-

' Redfin pickerel l

E. nicer Chainpickerel CYPRI!ilfCCES Cyprinicae (r.irinws a,d cerps)

Cyprir.c_s_ carcio Carp Eric - h tucca,ty, Siverjawoice.ow li kasis stor:riana_

Silver chob i

f;ece-is !ere:entahs Bluehead chub f ete-icw.s crvtalcar.

Goldea shiner f.etr:-is itnericciras Ereraldshiner ti. c. w. -ratus Stripedsh!.rer f,

et,artra m i fluvial shiner

[.sp.ci,shepuc.

Silverband shiner

• li. ter" ;s

'a' ecd sniner I. v m its

' Blacktail shiner Ikepiles_ viclig Bullbeadcinnow Catosto:idae (suckers)

Carrie as selifer Highfin carpsecker Eri, -- cnica.us Creek chhsacier E. ten,is Sharpfin chubsucjer Pyrentelitt etovan;,

Alabacs heg s;cker Icti' Sus bbalus Smallrouth buffalo Miryt<c 3,,sise ns Spotted sucker l'< asy 2 r eciltro.

Blacktall rec.orse

$1lL21FC.?G s

letaluricae (fresh.ater catfistes)

Ictahr.:s furcatus Bice catfish I. reles Bla:k bullhead I,. c; ctatts Channel catfish Pyletictis clieris flattoad catfish ATEERitifC M S felonid e ( c:ilefislts)

Stre n lara carir.2_

Atlantic nee:!efish Cy;rinodentir,2 (Lillifishes) fccm hs r:tti Starte:d te;-hn:v

f. r '!.new.

Blackspotted tcp innow

1 99 lable 19. (cont.)

Orc'er/fanlly Scientific W.e C;; en W e AillCRlhlf 0MS (cent.)

Poeciliidae(livebearers)

Garbusia_ pf finis l'.osquitofish i

FERCIf0 M S Percichthyide (tecperate basses)

Morene chrsteos h* nite bass M. s m tilis_

Striped bass Centrarchidae(sunfishes)

Centrarcras merontarus flier Lero is e m ellus Green sunftsh L. _c.:losus k'arcouth L. trilis_

Crangespotted sunf!sh L. n.9:rectires Blue.;ill L. cenaictis longear sunfish L. nicrcic + us_

Pedcar sunfish L. pc etatus Spotted sunfish Micrenteres cur.ctuletes Spotted bass

,ij. sal. : ices largerouth bass Peroxis_ sr.ularis khite cre;ple

[.nicreveniatus Black crer;!e

,Eth. st-, histrio Harlequin darter Fercidae (parches) n E. st.aini Gulf darter Pereirn cicrefreicta Ele:kbanded darter Scisenidae(druns)

Aplacir9hi cro nie.I fresh n ter crca An officiel cenan na:e for this endveribed s;ccios dich is sirilar tn potreris,,shrvci, t.,e silartend a

The co.on shiner, tss not te a selected by the A erican fisFerics Society Crittee on &cs of fiskes.

r.re "silverbad shiner" is used thr~;hout tti; reprt tad vas ciso used by S?itt 'la..iz-(193) for this species. A new concn ra c for this species will end:cbtedly te celected cpon p.blicalici cf a descripti:n.

I

i Sea:onal sur. mary of numbers and biomass.of fish collected at c11 transects en the taffP site.

Table 20.

Fell Winter Snrire Sunner Tctal Percent Percent Ce mon 33 e No.

Wt. (q)

No.

Wt. (q)

Go.

Ut. (o)

Ko.

Wt.(q)

No.

Vt.(c)-

Abundance Blomass i

{

Spotted car 3

1122 3

1252 6

23'4 0.2 1.2 Bewfin 1

1500 2

3345 1

33'+

1 452 5

5631 0.2 2.8 -

A erican cel 1

555 1

555 0.1 0.3 Skinjack herring 2

619.6 1

C03 11 2953 14 4390.6 0.5 2.2 Ci c ard.h:d 234 29404.2 181 15190 149 C445 65 33:9 629 56 % 8.2 21.5 28.0 Thre?cfin th:id 19 241.9 202 2832 22 131 547 555 190 3S19.9 27.0 2.0 Dsrve 2 hybrid 1

23 1

23

< 0.1

< 0.1 Recfin nickerel 1

2 1

2

< 0.1

< 0.1 Chain pickerel 1

680 4

1227 3

1907 0.2 0.9 Carp 2

2765 3

3826 10 14860 5

6100 20 27631 0.7 13 7 Colven shirer 2

29 4

9.4 6

38.4 0.2

< 0.1

?

Silverjawcir.now 3

2.5 3

2.5 0.1

< 0.1 Silver chub 3

3 3

3 0.1

< 0.1 Eltebead chtb 1

1 1

-1

< 0.1

< 0.1 Eerale :hiner 9

14.6 47 112 3

6 22 18 El 150.6 2.8

< 0.1 0

Striped hirer 33 24 33 24 1.1

< 0.1 i

fluvial chirer 2

0.4 2

0.4

< 0.1

< 0.1 Silverba:d shiner 17 8.5 77 268 22 23 3

7.2 119 306.7 4.1 0.2

, Weed shir.er 2

6 2

1.6 22 14.2 26 21.8 0.9

< 0.1 Fl nktail shiner 3

4.9 20 174 71 275 5 76 152 170 606.4 5.8 0.3 Belltead einnew 12 22.8 6

22 31 105 7

5 56 154.8 19

< 0.1 Creek ch6:ucker 2

179 2

179

< 0.1

< c.1 i.

Sharpfin chutsucker 4

1367 4

1367 0.1 0.7 l

Highfin etubsuckcr 1

1.5 1

15

< 0.1

< 0.1 i

Alabsra togsucker 1

1 1

1

< 0.1

< 0.1 Snallrouth tt.ffalo 1

144 4

15506 5 ~15650 0.2 7.8 Spetted sucker 1

117 10 4884 2

860 13 SS61 0.4 30 Slacktail recharse 2

515 7

3368 10 3670 1

1 20 7554 0.7 3.7 Unicentifica sucker larv:e 5

0.2 5

0.2 0.2

< 0.1 Elack ballhc:d 1

100 1

240 2

340

< 0.1 0.2 Blue catfish 7

1300 8

1401 8

3842 9

1404 32 7947 1.1 4.0 Ch:nnel estfi:h 4

376 34 3663 25 4041 20 2851 3 83 10936.3 2.8 5.4 4

flattead catfish 1

1502 4

6354 2

2478 7

12334 0.2 6.1 l

lable 20. (cont.)

Fell Winter Sprino Senmer Total Percent Percent C3.on N e No.

Wt.(a)

.1o.

ht.(n)

No.

Wt.(c)

No.

Wt. (a)

No.

Vt.(c)

Abancance Bic= ass Atlantic needlefish 10 61 10 61 0.3

< 0.1 Eleckspotted topminnow 2

2.6 3

2 5

4.6 0.2

< 0.1 Starhead topeinnow 10 14 10 14 0.3

< 0.1

}

Vosquitofish 3

1 18 14.1 7

2.5 28 17.6 1.0

< 0.1 White bass 1

210 2

380 3

590 0.1 0.3 Striped b:ss 2

3222 2

3222

< 0.1 1.6 Creen sunfish 1

14 1

2 2

16

< 0.1

< 0.1 Vermouth 3

103 2

75 1

14 6

192 0.2 0.1 Crangespotted sunfish 4

10 1

3 5

15 0.2

' < 0.1 Elcegill 3

205 91 2722 138 2675 74 1493.4 306 7050.4 10.5 3.5 Lancear sunfish 4

51 25 463 78 1342 35 749 192 2605 6.6 1.3 Flier 1

36 1

36

< 0.1

< 0.1 s

Eccear sunfish 4

233 2

21 6

254 0.2 0.!

lenc-is hybrid 1

78 1

78

< 0.1

< 0.1 l

Spotted sunfish 1

29 1

0.6 2

29.6

< 0.1

< 0.1 Spotted bass 1

3.8 6

2252 10 2256 18 728.6 35 5300.4 1.2 2.6 es Large outh bass 3

2158 17 5119 11 500.4 31 77ESA 1.0 3.9 White crappie 3

116 4

286 42 ISSO 24 424 73 2706 2.5 1.3 Black,eraprie 3

203 2

80 24 675 19 224 48 1187 1.6 0.6 Harlequin carter 1

0.6 1

0.6

< 0.1

< 0.1 Gulf darter 2

0.8 2

0.8

< 0.)

< 0.1 Elackbaded d:rter 2

0.2 2

1 4

1.2 0.1

< 0.1 Fresheter drum 3

816 j

952 5

_1941 11 3709 0.4 1.8 letal Specimens 332 413779 761 53458 729 62765.0 1108 43457.0 2931 201057.9 l

l l

I e

102 Iable 21. Seasonal sunaary of numbers and bicmass of fish collected at tataaga Creek transect 1-1.

Iz!!

'ain t er 53rino h-~r lotal forcent Fcreent Com.,on I:me Fn. k!t.(o)

!;o. Vt.(n) 14 3. 'it.(c)

Lo, 't.(c) lo. Wr.(o) Abundyce Bionass Bowfin I 1134 1 1134 0.3 7.1 Gierard shad 6

664 32 1799 1

57 39 2520 13.3 15.8 ihrcacfin shad 1

5 1

5 0.3

< 0.1 Redfin pickerel 1

2 1

2 0.3

< 0.1 Chain pickerel 1

586 1

536 0.3 3.7 Carp 1 1928 1 1643 2 3771 0.7 23.7 Golden shir:tr 1

4 2

7 3

11 1.0

< 0.1 Bluetead chub 1

1 1

1 0.3

< 0.1 frereld shiner 4

9 1

1 5

10 1.7

< 0.1 Stripedshiner 33 24 33 24 11.3 0.2 Silverband shiner Io 4

18 4

18 1.4 0.1 2

1.6 20 13 22 14.6 7.5

< 0.1 Veedshiner fish Blacktail shiner laken 4

23.5 3

5 7

28.5 2.4 0.2 Bullhead rinnow 1

4 5

24 1

1 7

29 2.4 0.2 Sharpfin chutsucker 1

62 1

62 0.3 0.4 Alabera hegstcbar 1

1 1

1 0.3

< 0.1 Spotted sucker 3 1940 3 1940 1.0 12.2 flacktail recherse I

1 1

1 0.3

< 0.1 Chancel catfish 13

.877 2

ES 4

115.6 19 10 3.6 6.5

6. 8 Starteac tc,arinnow 8

12 8

12 27

< 0.1 lbsqcitefish 14 13 1

0.5 15 13.5 5.1

< 0.1 Green sunfish 1

14 1

14 0.3

< 0.1 Wrath 2

89 2

t9 0.7 0.6 61oegill 49 1836 17 440 6

60 72 2406 24.6 15.1 Longear sunfish 4

139 8

79 9

115 21 333 72 2.1 flier 1

35 1

36 0.3 0.2 Redear str. fish 1

11 1

11 0.3

< 0.1 Spotted s;nfish 1

0.6 1

0.6 03

< 0.1 Spotted tiss 2

760.6 2

760.6 0.7 4.8' large: cath bess 3

920 3

920 1.0 5.8 Black crcrple 4

93 4

93 1.4 0.6 liarlequin darter 1

0.6 1

0.6 0.3

< 0.1 Gulf darter 2

0.8 2

0.8 0.7

< 0.1 Blackbanded darter 2

0.2 2

1 4

1.2 1.4

< 0.1 ictal 92 -7L62 107 546.3 91 D21.7 290 15930.0 gm4s ry n

• P"<4

. s q t

-a-

4--.

103 Table ??. Seasonal sumary of cunbers and blomss of fish collected,t Aatauga Creck tressect I-2.

fall Winter Sarir.n

$u-er lotal Percent Percent Comon Namo no. Wt.(o) flo. Vt.(q) flo. Ut.(rd lio. kt.(d flo. Ut.(q) kuahnce Bicmass Spotted gar 2

102 2

102 0.2 2.0 Bowfin 1 1500 1 1500 0.1 2.9 Skipjackherring 7 2073 7 2073 0.7 3.9 Cirzard shad 1

23 57 5181 12 595 12 1265 82 7054 7.8 13.4 Threadfin shad 6

58 2

11 536 405 544 474 51.9 0.9 Dorosoma hybrid 1

23 1

23 0.1

< 0.1 Chain pickerel 2

493 2

493 9.2 0.9 '

Carp-1 565 3 4391 1 1162 5 6118 0.5 11.7 i

Golden shiner 1

25 1

1 2

26 0.2

< 0.1 Silver chub 1

1 1

1 0.1

< 0.1 Emerald shiner 33 76 3

6 7

3 43 85 4.1 0.2 Silverbandshiner 51 185 5

8 1

0.2 57 153.2 5.4 0.3 Veed shiner 1

3 1

3 0.1

< 0.1 Blacktail shiner 3

8 10 31 42 23 55 62 5.2 0.1 Bullheadr.innow 3

10 4

14 7

24 07

< 0.1 Creek chubsccker 1

99, 1

99 0.1 0.2 Sharpfin chubsucker 3 17)5 3 1305 0.3 2.5 Smallrouth buIfalo 4 15505 4 15506 0.4 29.6 Spotted sucker 4 1480 4 1480 0.4 2.8 Slacktail redhorse 1

46 7 1

250 2

712 0.2 1.3 Black bullhead 1

100 1

100 0.1 0.2 Blue cetfish 1

202 1

239 5

653 7 1098 0.7 2.0 Channel catfish 1

250 3

353 6

592 3

(09 13 160's 1.2 3.0 fathe:d catfish 1 1502 1 1778 2 3?t0 0.2 6.3 Atlantic rec:'lefish 1

1 1

1 0.1

< 0.1 Blackcpetted top:innov 3

2 3

2 0.3

< 0.1 Starhead topsinnov 2

2 2

2 0.2

< 0.1 Posquitofish 3

1 2

0.7 6

2 11 3.7 1.0

< 0.1 Vhlte bass 1

210 2

350 3

y)0 0.3 1.1 Varnouth 1

14 1

14 0.1

<01 Bluegill 25 566 23 383 10 216.4 66 1165.4 6.2 2.2 tongear sunfish 18 280 18 185 50 159

' 86 624 8.2 1.2 Redear sunfish 3

113 1

10 4

123 0.4 0.2 Spotted bass 3 1276 5

10 8 1286 0.8 2.4 large:outh bass 3 2153 4 1175 1

1.4 8 333!.4 0.8 6.4 White crirple 2

116 2

116 0.2 0.2 i

Black creppie 1

56 1

56 0.1 0.1 freshwater drum 3

95?

2 755 5 1707 0.5 3.2 Total 4 2333 232 15292 105 9326.7 707 24453.01048 52!C7 7

/

r..-

.~.

4 9--

u----.,

4..

w

104 leble 23. Scranal summary of r.u-ters and biotass et fish collected at Al'abama River transect 1-3.

Fall Vinter

$srinn Sucrer letals Percent Percent Covon fine fie. ht.N) fh. Wt.(n)- lio. Ut.(n) fM. Kt.(n)

Kc. Ut.(o) Abundance Bior.tss_

Bowfin 1 2211 1 2211 0.4 89 Skipjackherring 1

512 1

51 2 0.4 2.1 Gltrard shad 1

22 5 1307 53 3268 11 669 70 5256.

272 21.3 threadfin shad 5

32 2

78 7

!!0 2.7 0.4 r

Chainpickerel 1

680 1

660 0.4 2.7 Carp-2 1871 2 '1871 0.8 7.6 Silverjawpienov 3

2.5 3

2.5 1.1

<0.1 frerald shiner 5

15 11 9

16 24 6.2

<0.1 fluvial shiner 2

0.4 2

0.4 0.8

<0.1 Silverbandshiner 4

31 2

7 6

38 2.3 0.2 l

b'eed shiner 1

3 1

3 0.4

<0.1 Blacktail shicer 6

62 11 59 27 111 44 232 17.1 0.9 tullheadcinnov 7

24 7

24 2.7

<0.1 Spotted sucker i

117 1

780 2

897 0.8 3.6 Blacktail rec 6 rse 1

235 1

83,

1 2E0 3

593 1.1 2.4 Flue catfish 3

9%

1 71 3 33 %

7 4351 2.7 17.6 Channel catfish 1

240 3

43 3

609.7 7

832.7 2.7 3.6 flattead catfish 2 3600 2 3600 0.8 14.5 Bluegill 1

6 16 316 17 485 34 807 13 2 3.3 tongear s;nfish 14

?$3 5

121 19 409 7.4 1.7 Spotted bass 6 1216 7

10 13 1226 50 5.0 Large outh tass 2

162 2

162 0.8 0.7 khite crapple 2

66

'2 66 0.8 0.3 Black creppie 1

24 1

20 2

44 0.8 0.2 2'0 J

499 j

738 1.2 3.0 fresh.ater crua J

total 7 1993 29 5073 126 12710 95 4933.6 257 24764.6 1

l

• * - " ' ^

I' T upip r 6 w-.-

p ry r

m i

.+r st s

,.-e ws

-v-wer-

105 lable 24 Seasonal sumary of nuders and bior. ass of fish collectec at' Alaba 3 tiver tre sect I 4 fall Winter 5 rinc.

SuT.cr

. Total Percent l'ercent Comron fia'e Ko. Wt.(a)

No. Vt.(o)

No. *dt.(o) no. ht.(c)

Ke. Wt.(ri huidance Sic ass Spottedgar 1 1020 1

460 2 1480 0.6 4.9 Skipjackterring 1

605 1

605 0.3 1.9 Gizzard shad 1

69 4

266 22 18.30 26, 545 53 2310 16.1 7.8 Threadfin shad 6

126 6

74 10 97 3

3 23 300 7.6 0.9 Chain pickerel 1

148 1

148 0.3 4.9 Carp 1 2200 2 2664 2 2769 1 1304 6 6937 1.8 29.5 Golden shiber 1

1.4 1

1.4

.3

< 0.1 Silverchub 2

2 2

2 0.6

< 0.1 Cserald shiner 4

7.4 4

9 3

5 11 21.4 3.3

< 0.1 Silverband shiner 5

25 17 15 22 40 6.7 0.1 Weed 55 Leer 1

0.2 1

0.2 0.3

< 0.1 81sektail shiner 1

8 33 70 2

9 35 87 10.9 0.3 Bullhead cinnow 1

1.1 11 22 6

4 15 27.1 5.5

< 0.1 Bighfin.chubsucker 1

1.5 1

15 0.3

< 0.1 81acktail redhorse 1

230 2 1931 1

430 4 2641 1.2 8.7 linidentified sucker larvae 5

0.2 5

0.2 1.5

< 0.1 Blue catfish 2

134 4

538 4

746 10 1418 3.0 4.7 Channel catfish 3

126 10 3076 2

153 15 3360 4.5 11.0 Atla, tic needlefish 2

14 2

14 0.6

< 0.1 Posquitofish 1

0.1 1

0.1 0.3

< 0.1 Stripedbass 2 3222 2 3222 0.6 10.6 Grean sunfish 1

2 1

2 0.3

< 0.1 Bluegill 8

160 28 529 8

223 44 917 13.4 3.0 lengear sonfish 1

43 22 553 9

118 32 719 97 2.3 Spottedbass 4 1040 4

8 8 1043 2.4 3.4 Large m th bass 4 1218 9

457 13 1655 3.9 5.4 White crapple 3

116 3

90 1

125 7

331 2.1 1.0 Black crapple 3

209 1

428 4

636 1.2 2.1 Freshvater truo 1

352 1

35?

0.3 1.2 Total 29 7137.5 33 6175 176 12733 7 86 4169 7 329 33275.9 l

---

r---9

+

r w

g m

c, y

yy w

arc

• J

.106 Table 25. Seasecal se:tary of rc:bers and blo+. ass of fish collected at Alataca River transect T-5.

Isll Enter Sorina Su-r.e r letal Percent Fercent Co mon H re i;o. Wt.(c) fio. Ut.(c) f.o. Lt.(2 f.o. Vt. 5 R3. Wt.(rd Abundance Biomq 2-792 2

792 0.9 3.5 Spotted gar Tkipjackherring I

808 3

378

.4 1186 1.8 52 Cirzard shad 35 2433 13 801 6.

433 54 3677 24.5 16.1 ihreadfin shad 4

35 '

2 16 3

9 87 4.1 0.4 Carp 1 1162 1 3345 2, 4507 0.9 198 Silverband shiner 4

22 '

4 22 1.8

<0.1 1

1-1 1

0.4

< 0.1

eed shiner Blacktail shiner 9

85 13 92 2

4 24 181

'109 0.8 Bullhead einnov 2

8 4

21 6

29 2.7 0.1 Creek chubsucker 1

80 1

80 0.4 0.3 spotted sucker 1

584 1

584 -

0.4 2.5 Blacktall redharse 3

892 2

If2 5 1054

2. 3 4.6 t

Blue catfish 2

222 2

150 4

372 1.8 1.6

)

l Channel catfish 8 '1066 3

94 6

925 17 2085 77 9.1 l

Flathead catfish 2 4754 2 4754 09 20.8 f

Atlantic needlefish 5

31 5

31 2.3 0.1 kbsqui tofish 1

0.3 1

0.3 0.4

<0.1 81t:egill 5

55 22 484 19 307 46 847 209 37 Longear surfish 3

44 8

143-11 228 27 41 5 10.0 1.8 Spotted s'.r. fish 1

29 1

29 0.4 0.1 Lepowls hybrid 1

78 1

78 0.4 03

_ Spotted bass 1

380 1

380 0.4 8.6 2

470 2

470 0.9 2.0 largetocth bass k'hite crappie 1

98 1

34 1

56 3

188 1.4 0.8 freshwaier drus 1

724 1

6S3 7

912,

09 4.0 Total 2

222 83 7203 78 11;52.3 60 3334 220 22761.3 L

0

_e-..

n r

l l

107 Isble 26. Seasor.al surrary of nt.rters and bior. ass of fish colle: tad at Alabama River ecve transect.

1-9.

Fall Winter Snrinq Screr Iotal Percent Percent Corm f;eme No. Wt.(Q)

H.

'lt.(c) f6. 'at.(n)

Ko.

'.l:. (::)

ha. !!t.(o) Abunt'2 ace 81c'*3ss Bowfin.

I' 334 1

452 2

786 0.3 1.4 l

Ascrica, eel 1

%5 1

SM 0.1 1.0 Skipjack hening 1

14.6 1

14.6 0.1

<0.1 Cinard shed 231 29290.2 74 5334 17 552 9

355 331 35531.2 42.0 64.7 Threadfin shad 13 115 9 125 2665 2

20 3

43 204 2843.9 25.9 5.2 Carp 3 2427 3 2427 0.4 4.4

.{

toeraidshiner 5

7.2 1

3 6

10.2 0.8

<0.1

{

$11verbandshirer 17' 8.5 9

27 26 35.5 3.3

< 0.1 Blacktail shir.er 3

4.9 1

11 4

15.9 0.5

< 0.1 Bullheadc.innow 11 21.7 11 21.7 1.4

<0.1 i

$salleouth buffalo 1

1%

1 1%

0.1 0.3 i

Spotted sucker 1

100 2

860 3

960 0.4 1.7 Blacktail redhsrse 5 2548 5 2548 c.6 4.6

)

Black tullhead 1

240 1

240 0.1 0.4 Blue catfish 2

MO, 2

118 4

708 0.5 1.3 Channel catfish 9 1132 1

148 2 634 12 1914 1.5 3.5 flatterdcatfish 1

700 1

700 0.1 1.3 Atlaatic needlefish 2

15 2

15 0.3

< 0.1 Blackspotted tcpair.nov 2 2.6 2

2.6 0.3

< 0.1 Varsxth 2

75 1

14 3

09 0.4 0.2 Orange:pottedsunfish 4

10 1

5 5

15 0.6

< 0.1 the;ill 3 205 3

48 32 473 6 182 908 5.6 1.7 i

Lon; ear sunfish 3

8 8

89 1

8 12 105 1.5 0.2 Reser sunfish 1

120 1

120 0.1 0.2 l

Spotted bass 1

3.8 2

%6 3

%9.8 0.4 1.0 Large.outh bass 2 1174 1

70 3 12 %

0.4 2.2 White crapple 1

72 36 1090 22 243 59 2005 7.5 3.6 f

8]eck crapple 18 134 19 _ 728 37 MS 4.7 0.6 lotal 60 29682.4 291 11253 137 11036 69 2945 787 54916.4

[

L t

I I

t I

l l

l

)

~.m..

108 d

Table 27. Area occupied by the prinary habitatsihich co prise the MffP site.

Site Arc.,

Yeaetation Type location Hectares ferced Pasture' Lowland

?8.0 8.5 Upland 97 7 297 Cottonfield Uplsad 59.8 18.2 fencerow Site 10.9 3.3 Successional Oak forest Lowland 24.5 7.4 L)1and 72.4

'22.0 Canyon 19.8 6.0 Mature Oak forett Site 15.9 4.9.

g Totals 329.0 100.0 i

[

e e

~u f

i e

s i

i i

i

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t i

r

m,,r u

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f Table 29. List of plants cbserved on the MffP site.

3 t

'I 09 f orest Pasture Cottenfield fencerew Succe M.enal Wieve

_3etentifte N3*e CeeenNwe f ell Serino $ m er (s!!

e 1 rino ivn er Ts!! 5:.1:<t ic,cer f all loring ivrer bil b risn h-er 3

Pteridrphytes Ferns Asplenius clatyneuror.

Ibot.y cpleenwort P'

P P

P P

P-I Athyrien fe!! -fe-ins Southern lady fern P

P Lygecli,s ja,acnicus 4anere cliebing fern p

i L. paleat6s C11rbi"2 ern f

P P

Oreeles tensittlis Seeltive fern P

P P

P P

es%nes regslis vsr. spect:t,111s Payal fern P

Polypoelve polypeatodes Resorrection fern P

P P

P' Polystichum seresticSoldes Christmas fern P

P P

P P

P E

Pteretis pensylvanics Ostrleh fern P

P Gyaner; errs Cone 4 earing plants

.P

.funiprus.irginians fastern red cadse P

P P

P P'

P P

P9us palustris lont.-leaf pine P

P P

P. taeda loblelly pine P

P P

P P

P P. virginise.

Virginia plee P

P P

P P

P $

Aegiesperts flowe:Ing plants Acer harbatus Southern sugar maple P

P P

A. rgbra.

Red maple P

P P

P P

P A. s ccr.ar! % 1 Silier reple P

P P

Aescul6s sp.

Buckeye P

P A. ect:3cra Yellow buckeye P

P Alblzzt: jullbris:In Einsa P

P*

P'

+

Petalarigra Piver birch P

P P

P P

P P

Carp!ws carolicira kerican tornbeat P

P P

P P

P Ceiya cerdfertis litternut hickory P

P P

P P

P C. glabra Pig ct hickory C.1111eeensis Pecin P

P ~ P P

P P

P P

P C. ovalis 3weet pignut hickery P

P P

C. ovata Shs;bork hickory P

P P

P P

P P

?

7 C. tetemoss FccLern6t tickory P

P P

P P

P P

P P

Catalps hig enleides Cat:1ps P

P*

P P*

.P Celtis laevigate Sugarcerry P

P P

P P.

P P

P P

Cercis esnadensis Recud P

P P

P Cernes florida flevering degwood P

P P-P P

P Crattegus spp.

!!,wthorn P

P P

P P

P P

P P

P P

P tic:pyros virginians Portienen P

P P

P P

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Table 28. (cent.)

l 2

0:k Zerest

(

Pester.

Cottsfield fencerow Successicas!

Pature t

Set.atirle b e Cmnbe 1:11 Snrica sewr fell 5arian 5:r ser fell Serino Smr fell Seriae 5 m er Fril 5crire 5e-er 3hrwts tnd Vcofy Yines P

Aln:sserrelats fe; nlder k elt c61er arN rea Sha h sh i

P P

l A-3r;5 f rtiticots Indi M ush P

• P A tele; tis arbrea Pepper vine P

P Aaltest!cSus cyreclata Cre:*.vice P

P P

+

Arrlin t;lross Percules' club P

P P

Ark-inaria gigantes Csee P

P' P

P P

P' F

F P

,j Ascyrun ty;ericoides

$t. kdrew's cross P

P' P

P' j

Percr -la scacce-s Surs:e jacit P

F F

e Bee!!: lycloides 3esti.ern blackbew P

8 Callicarpa erica,a Antrica, beauty-berry F*

C ;s!: redicans Truer.etcreeper P

P P*.

P P

P i

Cepslanthus occidentalls 8vttro bush P'

Peet tris tsrtari C11rting hydraege P'

P w I

Cle:corea s;.

M!d yn forestlera set.teste 3wa y privet P

P Geylvtsacts sr;.

Huckleberry P

P P

P P

"ra ells virgisiana Vitet. hszel P

P P

P P

P Pydrs--es artere:cens Pycr:ngen P

P P

P H. c.:<rtifolla Osk-leaved hydranges P'

P P'

F h ;rt!: n :;.

St. AWs wort P

F*

hlrl latifolin Moun'sia levrel P

P P

j L :erstr:enis ledes Cr:pe-cyrtle P*

P a

les;ecers crest 3erites F*

F*

t!g atro e;.

Privet P

L. ev:11felius Oval-leaved priest P

L. stre se Privet P

P L. n!gare Co-en privet P

P*

P P

P*

P Len!cera ja;celes J3;rese boaeysuckle P

P*

P*

P P

F*

P P

P

l. se ;ervircas Trc ret honeysuckle P'

P lhtelen ge eest;e Angle pod P

Mit:Pellare: ens Psrtridgeberry P

F*

Partre ecissus evi q+;efelis -

Y!rginia creeper P

P P.

P P

F*

Phyta:3 ;2s epsllfolics 81actsrk P

P Pr6*ss cersica Pe:ct.

P e

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u v.

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a.

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6. b 6.

6.'

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feble 28. (cont.)

1 Oak forest I I Pesture Cottoeffeld fencerow Seccessicat! -

l'.ct ur e

!cteattfle b e Ct mi Ram fell 3reine Sur er fall Serien Su--er (311 3arlan Svaner fall Serieg 1 e er fall 1 set u 3.--er

- l F4rts and forbs (cent.)

keli:stFe :n nasS!1 Rock-rese P*

l _.

W. rot tr1*1folles

?cck-rese P

Hellstrc;1en ingicus Turnote F*

,P P

Peterotreca sp.

Col.*en ester Femutylls sp.

Fe3rtlesf P

N arifella Little brown jug P

P P

P P

biera:lo s;.

Ha m eed P

fierdea pusillus Little barley P*

P*

W cretetyle verticillata Pen,yvart '

F*

y eycre hylle virgielines Vir;1ria watericaf P

Fyrer1:e gallolees St. Atn's wort F*

I;c :ea sp.

Poriing glory P

P P'

1risvirg! nice Blet tris P*

- P Jeccse entin t -nifelle Jacque%ntis P

g Ancus sp.

Rasi P

P P

J. effusus Cc w n rush P'

P Xc91 e' cstorleides.

Tal:e tscoetet P

L3 teca s;.

Wild lettuce P

P P'

F F

1 ;enaris vulgaris Vild 0Vrd P

5 Laele purpren Pur11e destettle P'

Le;1d o virg!nl en PeNergrass P*

P*

P*

j Le:;tters interreds

$ lever le peders I

g L. re;er.s Lepeder F*

Lolin rultiflerts Rye-crus:

P F*

P*

luo.1;1: s;.

Luc.lgia F*

P*

to a!te cifelt Taise loosestrife F*

1. decurreas Prl rote %Illow P'

F, Malva s?.

Hallcw P

Felcthria pendula Cre ping cuceber P*

Mert" sp.

Vild riet P

P Ce,cthers sp.

Eve,ing priarcse P

C. ledntat:

Cut-leaved evenleg prisrose F*

P*

D. s;e:ics:

Shovy evening prieress F*

P*

P*

C;:stia her!fus Prl:kly pear P'

F*

P F*

P.

Cuelis:p.

Wood sorrel P

P*

P*

P*

P' P

F*

F*

F*

P F*

F*

en

+

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L

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Table 28. (cent.)

!4 J

)

0-t inrest Fe ture fnt tenfle'd fecerew Su cessional r.at u re c

j Sc!c9tifle b e Cee og R3 e let) 5:rinq 5+ter in11 b rice Sever Isil k rino Surer Isil Sprine Ser er f all 56 rho Sce.er i

Ecres et forts (cont.)

fere:nle :,3 Irorveed P

Vit!: es.

Violet P.

P P

P P

P'

+

hr. thin etinease Cod!cbur P

P a

• F = Freseat.

'F,a b tiec,.

J y

n i

1

^

W CD

?

I k

I (

9 0

e 6

i 4

t l

i s

. ~. -

i Inble 29. Selected physical and structural characteristics of major htituts present en the i?TTP site, fall survey.

(mk forest Char.eteristles Pasture Cnttentic1d fencerow Succes:icnal Fisture opegraphicSlope(%)(range)

}(2-4) 5(4-6) 1.5 (1-2) 6.5 (3-10) 50(4b55)

Tallleaflittercepth(ce)(range) 0.5 (0.0-1.0) 0.0(0.M.5) 0.75 (0.5-1.0) 2.75(1.9) 3.5(M)

• Canepy height (n) (range) 0.14 (0.12-0.15) 0.84(0.5091) 6-9(2-12) 18.7(10.7-24.4) 16.0(12.2-198) 2 razinginten.ity(1ofhabitat) 100 0

75

'O 25 c

Strata (% cover)(range) 85 (75-95) 65(50-80)

Ca epy 35.0 (D-40)

Si.bcenery 62.5(6M5) 15(0-30) 32.5 (25 40) teto 50(30-70) 7.5 (0-15) 6.5(6-7) dround covera 93 (90-96) 40(35-45) 90(S5-95) 39.5(4-75) 3.5(2-5) litter 7(4-10) 2

' 69 5 (65-74) 97 5 (95-100) 92.5(9MS)

Eare :o11 0

975(97-93) 7.5 (5-10) 0 9(8-10) i Fercent cover estimtes reported here and in ichle 33 are not identical due to the u:e of different methods.

g U

4 k

i i

1 1

l f

k 120

' labic 30. Censity basal area, cover, and diversity Indices for cajor habitats on the A'iffP site, fall r::rvey.

034 forest CFaracteristic Fasture Cottonfield fe.cerow Sxcessional Hature free size class 1,130 325 213-Density (ste:s/t.z) 6.37 19.42 9.60 Easaierea(e2/hr)

Stpling size cla:s' Density (sters/r.a) 1,833 1,575

_1,475 1,69 4.33 3.82 Basalarea(.2/h;)

Shrtb size class.

22,399 4,900 1,900 Ocasity (ster.s/r.3) 71.6 26.0 6.75 Cover (%)

l Ground cover Ecasily(stcas/r.a) 1,957,000 98,000 9%,300 98,000 53,000 Cover (%)

935 52.5 93.0 35.0 5.4 Ec.5er of Taxa C5 served 40 11 53 67 86 l

fiversityIndex(F.')

0 593 0.657 2.719 1.374 2.097 e

w 1

i I

.,-_,.y-_. -

. _ _.... _ ~. _,. _ _ _ _ _ _. _.., _ _,.. _. _...,

e l

hhle 31. Fetults cf cult:titative greund cover ve;et:110n s2gling en the Mf? site diring sprieg Ond stecer surveys.

Pr* tore C)t te-fi6 d

(*-rerav C'* Ia'r:t j

5arie.

5 - -e sert aa 1.+- c Serlee k--=r Serica 5:--+r Fees E

1 to-4t*1: 28 e Ce w are fre 3 Ceverb free. Ces se f er*.

te. let Cver free, tever frr ~. Cever fr**.

Cever fre. Ceser fre. *we

}

lt<y:'s gr::!:tas 1Pree-stekd r:*cury 23 y.h j

er ts*:st.s

!ecern sma erzle 14 c.4 A;-t :ay s:.

Agri ory 12 1.0 8;*::yr:3 re:ees C ten grass 60 17.0 1::1::!n f.11tristia Fi ess 14 0.3 A-trat!3 Ftt'lillisllt Ce**3s r3gheed 20 0.4 A*:e c::lt artere ft::er vi*e 60 55 12 1.3 arre: t;:e t;.

Ire: sete to 1.8 Art: *v!: ;!e-te;irlfelia F.st tees 20 4.2 i

A;c:37.s c:natira beian te p 14 0.3 Are: eerle ;!;tstes C*re 20 0.7 20 0.8 14 1%)

12 1.3 A ::tsi.s ;1styreves be*y s leevel 14 07 12 0.3 ferc*e-in streses 1.ple jack 20 0.2

. 12 0.4 fr!ie tirer c;9[.; ;rass

, 40 4.0 Cs:::ctr; s e*!cies 1.critas tenty.eerry 12 0.6 Cays c:rc!fst-1s litte-a.t tienery Cat:;s st!.:! falls Ccf femtre 100 9.6 3.1 14 0.3 Celtis 13.1 pts Imrterry 20 7.6 20 0.8 U

C!r:1.s s;.

. Iristle 20 3.0 W

Cere:::ts esfer Werled careepsis 14 1.4 Crrat;.s t:..

Ps.the n W

13 20 0.8 C: :::s c,:tyle-fe~ces grus to 40.0 1

C 4 as r:t.t:.s ie.ze 60 0.8 f

• : :: en ieti:3 Incias strusterry 14 0.3 j

Ce:*: tes.: t:re tesas

[1cshrt-feet 12 50 1

Ic;st:rl

• prfallitus tare: t 12 03 t

I ;':rtis scles Prestrate sorte 20 0.8 0.1 j

C:1 :t!: ;.

Pilk-ce:

14 0.1 ter:-1.s terall*J:ees Crr e:2111 20 50 28 C.1

• s 3:te tertete.s

stt:n 83 13.6 6.6 100 31.%

e l

<* :-i e:e C ass 60

%.2

- 60 2%4 28 7.6 5c 3.1 B: : e:Is,!r;1elers kitch Hr:1 12 IJ Iles glim 8 Ishterry 10 7.4 j

.Z. entitarls Yaw;es 20 0.%

12 1.1 f

I

.m m.

i-

m/'

Table 31. (cont.)

"7 rnture Cetteaflete fev erev 0* f orest a

5erina Su-er

5arin, Seer Serins 5eer 5srina sur er r

P'enn

(.N ettfie t-*e Cews Ree Trea.' Cover F en. Cover Free, ae./m Cover Free. Cover Free. Cover Freg. Cever Fre. Cever free. Cover 2

$1;::en:s.

Merning glory 20 0.4 0.2

.t e;.es-ti tr:ifella J:cuc cati 20 0.2 L;ct cs ;.

kild letttte 40 1.4 14 0.3

'Let:e:e:s repe s te:;ece:

20 9.2

11bstros!e9

e Privet 20 - 0.1 4

1.2 lit.icntar styrecifles 3.celge 14 07

t:rl:erajm91cs J prete ho eysu:kle 8) 24.6 100 30.4 57 32.0 75 15.0

' b.1;1 sp.*

Lut.1 13

??

0.6 9

Fe***.: :;.

Vild -int 20 2.0

.it ella re; rs P:rtriegeberry 25 09 h st er 1::intate Cut-!cuedeveaingcrierese 20 0.6 Crceles sess! tills feasitive fe n 12 7.5 br!!s ::.

Wed sorrel

. 20 0.2 28 1.0 12 0.9.

Jert$ea:ciss s cut cefells Ylr;lnia cree;er 20 0.4 14 0.3 12 0.5 h:::h-ret:tas

!:Sla ;rsts 100 93.0 l rites p..!!

C!rarveed 12 1.2 H

fIrts7-vir;1eles f.-:rf pl:ntain 20 1.0 y

f:!);ms est:ite:vi terpristled turtweed 20 05 12 0.2 Lerc.s.sr!!relt 813chj:ckon 14 2.1

0. ;? lles Vi!!u eA t

14 0.2 12 0.1

• a :J.: sp.

Butterce; 20 0.2 b s rr!:39s Fel:e, Ivy 40 1.3 20 1.2 14 0.1 12 0.1 2. :;.

F::e 20

%.4 I. t::e toss Vild re:e 20. 1.1

,14 0.7 f.t-s ;.

81 c6 berry 20 8.0 60 30-60 15 40 4.4 28 1.k.

12 0.6 t ei :;.

Deck 20 0.4

t. crit us Curly deck 20 1.0 ht:1 ga! ette Catta;e palettto 20

-2.3 1:;ittirl :;.

Art:Je3d I?

1.9 -

In:ms cr:tensis Ce m elter 12 0.2 Sassafras sitie.

3assafras

- 20 0.4 14 0.7 ie ecto s-21111 3est ern r:2ert 40 0.6 3,!!

sp.

Crecetrier 60 17.0 25 0.6 '

e e

m

. m

i Table 31. (cent;)

cj Pasture Cetteafield Fmeerow 0% forest 3arles

_1r er brin Suwer Snrine Smr 5meba Smr Fens

[b!catlfleRep Ce m a R2 e free. Cover Frea. Caver Trea. Ra./m Caver Free. Cever Free. Cever Free. 'Cov.c Frm. Cever Treg. Caver a

?!!se tswen Csttrler 40 0.7 20 0.4 28 0.9 4 roMfifolin Ces,en cathrter 20 2.3 28 C.2 3110s: ssp.

Celte, rod 20 0.6 20 9.6 12 0.9 3 ltersort f::e.c:9tta e51eests 14 1.4

vi'shi agrativi Np clever-20 5.0 14 0.3 ite 1: reefs!!sta Yeous lootie n lass M

1.9 "4.s shts Vleged els 40 2.0 38 2.8

' 'ncleie :p "

teceash blueberry 14 2.1 etesa trast!! easts Verwein 20 2.0 h l sp.

Violet 20 0.6 40 2.0 40 3.0 20 1.0 12 0.1

pilt retuedfella Psscadine grape 20.

0.2 14 0.4 12 0.2

. ' ires.. ! fre:2tacy of occurreace.

(. Ster a Feli A Cover.

f.tle s;ecles wts pret:bly incorrectly Idestifled during spring survey; it is prebebly h weaf teels.

H t0 tas i

e e

S t

5 4

,______w

124 lable 32. forest tree irportance values recorded on the U.fff site, fall survey.

Sacessional Nature Sneeles' fencerov Dak forest Oak forest Chinaberry 35 8

Sugarberry 65 Redcaple 9

Tulip poplar 13 Sweetgum 35

. Southern red oak 35 12 x

Bleckjack oak

.13 Black oak 8

Fast oak 8

Fecan 7

Virginiapine 11 lbckernut hickory 21 Sweet pignut hickory J

Total 100 100 100

'Iree size class includes all srpled stets it' least 16.5 cc ster. dlaister at 1.4 o height. 1.tportance valte equals ll'e sun of relative dens!ty, relathe frequency, tnd relative freqesney of occurreace divided by 3.

c

_,m

125 lable 3}. Forest sapling importance values recorded en the EffP site, fall survey.

Successiceal Mature pecies' fencerow Oak forest Oek forest Sweetgum 21 4

Sugarberry 43 Honeylecust 5

7 Ararican syce ore 7

Southern red cak 32 rockernut bickory 4

Red maple 4

Slippery elm 6

3 Vingedein 3,

Sugar caple 27 White oak 11 Sweet pignet hickory 9

Shagbark hickery 3

Black oak 4

Black cherry 3

Chinaberry 16 Eastern red cedar 8

flowering do7.ost 12 Persicaon 4

Oval-leaved privet t

Poscadine grape 5

8 4

Japanese ho.ceysuckle 5

Cc: eon lilec 5

Privet 5

foison b y 4

3 Supplejack 3

Farklcherry 6

Kinebark 4

Total 100 100 100

• Sapling size class includes all sa:yled stems betwen 1.? and 16.4 ce stea cia:eter at 1.4 o height.

Inportance value equals the sum of relative tensity, relative frequency, and relative frequency of occurrence divided by 3.

]

E 4

126 Table %. Mar:als recorr'ed on the A5ffP site durirg the fall, winter, sprirg, and surer terrestrial surveys.d Scientific teme Cemi le c (venrrence Didelphlidae (0 possums)

Dir'elrhis -artml Als 0ppossum All sea:,onal surveys

]

Soricidae (5i.rews) j Slarina t<eviepuda Short-tailed shrew Winter, spring,sumer Islpidae Cbles) i Scalrous g attrus Easternrole fall, spring Yespertilicoldze (Flairnese tiats) tlnidentified species Susser Proevenidae (Raccoons)

^

Procycn lotor Raccoon All seasonal surveys Mustelidae (Weasels, skunks, etc.)

Fechistis e mhistis Striped skunk fall.

Canidae blalves and foxes)

Urocye, cinercearcanteus Gray fox All seasonal surveys Scleridae (5quirrels cr4 chipsnks) fa,les striates Eastern chipnunk fall, spring,suar.er hiuros_ cualinensis Gray squirrel All seas:nal surveys S. nie~r Fox spirral f all, sirtcr, spring Castoric:c(! cavers)

Caster carate sis Beaver All seassaal surveys Cricetidia U-Ice, rats, nics, etc.)

Reitte v.ta,s, tn!!s Eastern harvest rouse Winter hrcusIcecents Valte-fcated rouse Vir.ter P. mwines Cottan rate Vinter

[rve.sptte. tris Rice rat Winter Sle e n_hirat 6s hispid cotton rat.

All sessenal surveys Micretty rinatarus Pire vole All seascnal surveys i

Cnd.-tra ribethica Mustrat Surer Muridae dic World rats c.c rica)

M rw.culus House reuse f all, vir,ter, spring Ltperidae (rbres and rabbits)

Sylvilaces f!crichses Eastern enttentall All se 53nal curveys S,. gtatice Sva p rabt,it fall, vinter, spring l

Cervidae (:'cer)

Otcolle s.ircinirnus Vnitetail deer All seas m ! surveys

'Oc estic and feral species rot ircluded.

t.

Table 35. Esti-sted abundsete and distribution of food ramals. furteaters, and non-gee species en the AXIFP site during the fall. winter.

spring, and su er terrestrial surveys.s Pesture Cottonfield rencerow 50r Pfr

$recies T V s s I w $ s r w s s I w s s r v s s reed rsmis Opessut U U U C C C C C C R:cceen U C C C C C C C C C U C C C C C C Gray toutrrel U U C -C C C

-C C C C Tax squirrel C U C U U Muskrat U

Eastern cettentall C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C sws p rabbit C U U Whitetail ceer C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Iurteaters ferver A C C'

C Crsy fcx U

U U U U U U U U U U U g

Striped skunk U

~U y

All fe:d ma :als listed above fi,n-nv e Sne-les Short-tailed shrew N/A N/A N/A R/A t

Eastern mole C

C C

C Flair.e.ese bat C

C Chip er.k U N/A C U ft/A,

p l

Fispid cotten rat N/A C C C N/A

}

Pine vele U U N/A Other Cricetidae C C N/A N/A

- N/A N/A Pause roase U U N/A A C C N/A N/A Estinated status (abundant, cc:ron, uncon ion) based on sightings, tracks, nests, burrows, end trapping.

t,5 rple size cf observations insufficient to deterrine status.

'for identification, see table 34.

vM=G-m-120 e

leble 36. Ite prirary habitat types of 21 ma=al species recorde<' during four s:asonal terrestrial surveys of the A.*lffP site.

Successional and Patt:re Oak forest fencerow Festi.re 0possua Short-tailed st.rew Eastern role Raccoon Eastern harvest nouse Rice rat Stripedskunk liouse r.ouse liispid cotton rat Gray fox Eastern chipmunk Gray squirrel fox squirrel

~ teaser White-footed couse Cotten cause Pir.e vole Foskrat Casterncottonteil S e p rebbit Whitctail ceer O

e 1^

g

e V

Table 37. Species cc position, distribution, and estimatad status of birds recorded en the ANffP site during the fall, vinter, spring, and j

sceecr terrestrial surveys.

t Posture Cettenfield fencerow SOf EDI g.

$secies I W 5 S T W $ $

f W 5 3 F W 5 5 f W 5 S j

b Pacicipedidae (grebes)

!!crned grebe (rndice.s curitus)

U h

m Pied-billed grebe (Pedilyr. bas rodiceos)

C U

-I Arceld:e (herens and bitterns)

[

Gr::t blee h?r:n (Ar a Mr-61)

U i

Littla blue heren Ulorir5 c:erules)

U C U

[

Green heror (Beterides vire cens) i Cattle egret (But' ulcus ibi:)

C A Yellow-crowned night heren (Nvetanesss violecca)

C

[

Threskiernithidae (Ibises and spoenbills)

- [

Whiteibis(Eudocimusalba)

C g

Antticae (ducks Ond geese) g Mall 3rd (Anas phtyrhynches)

C Bluc41egcotec1(A.ciscors)

U M

}.

L'ood cuck (six tre,sa)

C C C C C Cathartidae (v2ures)

Turkeyvulture(C,tbartesaura)

U U

U t

1 Accicitricte(hMs)

Mistissippikite(Ictiniaetsisirelensis)

U 0

U U

U

,I Ceeper*: ha.k (gciniter coeperii)

Fed-tailed bM Wra b--!*re.it.)

U C U U C U U U C U U U C U. U i

Brow.-Inged ha.1 Q. Platyrlcrur)

U U U U U U U U U U U U

U U U U f

A erican kestrel (Feleo garverlus)

U U U U l

l Ph:sianic:e (quail and pheesent)

Esb4hite (Celicus vircinianus)

C C C A C C C C C C l' ele:gricid:e (terkeys)

Turtcy(relm.-ilenllensvo)

C C C C C C C C C C C C Charadrilc:e(closersandturnstenes)

Billeter (Curerlusveciferus)

C C C C C

.C C

'C Scolepacide(s.,cpipers,snire,etc.)

kilson'ssa.ipe(C,cellan3111 nano)

U 5;otted nnepiper (Actitis encularia)

C C C C d

t g4

Iable 37. (cent.)

Pasture Cettonfield fencercy SCF F.0F Snecies F W 5 S F V S S F W 5 5 F V S S F W 5 S C:lt-bidae (deves and pig: ors)

Fecrcing dove (lenaidara nerouq)

C C C C C C C C C C C C "ccelldae (cLekoo:, arts, etc.)

Yell:w-tillcd cackoo ("ecc.nu: nericanus)

C C

C Elt.9. ':llied cu:kee (C. crythresthal us)

~

U U

Strigid:e(eAs)

Scrc:ch csl (:t e 3:10)

U U U U U U'

Barred owl (5trix v,rie)

U U

C:pri.cigi6e(get.tt;cners)

Cc. :n r.15th:d (Chere-!!ce miner)

U 9

Apeciese(s.iits)

Chirr.ef twif t (CMetur, rebnica)

C C

4 Tr::hilicae (humingbirds)

R;by-thro 3*ed he::ningbird (Archiln:hus coledris)

U C U C Alcecinic:e(kirefisters)

Eelted kin 5fi rcr Obanceryle eleyen)

C C C H

Ficidae (vro'!reckers) d Cor.:n flicier (Cnbrtes aeratus)

C U U C U li C U U C C U U PiJestec wootp:c'scr (Met-as nileatus)

U U U U U U U U RcMcIlice t:ocrecker (Unturus e,rt, linus)

C C C C C C C C C f,c:N.cecc sagetker 06lrerr:

crv t'.cct ee;nlus)

U C

Yellc+tellied sapsucker (SrSyra, lees varies)

C C C C

[

Hairyscorrecker(Cenerr.corusvillesus)

U U

U U 1

rAvy snod:ccker (D. rest m)

C C C C C C C C C i

Tyranriese(flycatchers)

Easternkirgbird(Tyrar.nustyrannu-)

U U

Crested flycateber U'ybrehus crinitus)

C C

C Easternsc:dre',ee(Centenusvirens)~

U U

Hireccinicce(:cIle.s)

Kau;Minged swallcw (SteIcicopteryx ruficollis)

C Barn sullow (Hirundo restica)

C C

rurple eartin (trocne subis)

U U

U f

Teble 37 (cent.)

Pasture Cottnnfield fencerow SCF MCf Scecies F W S S I W S S T W S S T W S S I W S S l

t Coroidae(crew: and jays)

Blee j:y (Cyrnecitta cristata)

C U

C C C C C C C C A C C C Crow (Cervusbrachyrhynches)

C U C

U C U C C U fishcrew(C.ossifrsnus)

C C C C C C Paridae Caralina chickadee (Parus carelinensis)

C A C A-C A C 4-C A-C C C AC AC

?uf tad titrouse (P. bicolor)

C C AC A-C C C A-C AC C A C A-C Sitticte (nuthatchesI White-treasted ruthatch (Sitta carelinensis)

U U

U freglodytidae (wrens)

Carolinawren(thryntherusludovicianus)

C AC AC C C A-C AC C A-C M Minidae O'ockin;bires and tnrashers)

Eastern tockir.gtird O'ines ro1Yelottes)

'A C U C C U C Grayesttird(Deetellaenrelir..nsis)

U C C U U U C U U C U U Brcwnthrasher(Torestemarufrte)

C C U C C U C C U C g

Turdidae (Thrushes, robins, etc.)

Accrican robin (Turdus nicratorius)

A A

A A

Vcod thrush (Pylreirij:' _mstelina)

U U

U Perrit thrush (l'. c:ttats)

C U C C

Sylvildte (gesteathers and kinnlets)

Blecs; ray gnstcatcher (Policptila caerulea)

C C

C R;by-<r:sned kinglet (Fenulus ellcadula)

C C

C ec-tycillicae (warsir.gs)

Cecarw?%ing(Ertycillecedrerum)

C C

C La911dee(strites)

Lecg:rhead shrike (Lanius ludevicienus)

U C

U C-Sturr.id:.e (starlings)

Starling (Sturresvulcaris)

. U C AC U CM Vireccidae(sireos)

Vrite-eyed vires (Vires criteus)

C C C C C C Yello-threated virco Q. flavifrons)

U leHyed tirco (V. divacer.s)

C U U U U Warbling vires k allvus)a C

.6

Table 37. (cont.) -

Pastore

__Cottenfield fencerow.-

SCF 00f Swd e,

f V S 5

' W 5 5 r W 5 h F W 5 3 f W 5 5 Parulicae (wood varblers)

Eleck :nd white v3rbler (R,lotilta varin)

U C

U Frotronetary wartier (f,refna ""- dtrfff U

C U

.C U

C Parula urt:ler (Peruh enric,r?)d U

U U

U Yellev-rc.nedver'1:r(hnericacoronata)

A A

A

-~

2 Pine ucrbler (D. pine,)

U C

U C

Fr:lrie warts!c7 (f. di color)

U U

P:Inwarbler(D. pair..re-)

U Kentsdy warbler (Cnorernis force:ua)

U U

C:- cn yell: threat (l:6t'ilh_in trichas)

U U U U U U Tellev-tren ted chat (I: tenia virens)

U C U C Ploccidae (se:ver finctes)

I'ce:c tr:rrow (Pister t's estitu )

C C

C Icterid:e (Mca:'c. larks, bl:ckbirds, etc.)

E:: tern readowlork (St srncila e ma)

C A C'C C A g

R:Aln ed bl::klird (Anelaits M_

r6cniceus)

A A C t.-C C

A-A A

C Cceren greckle (0 ri<.c,1ue r ii<. cold C C C C C C C C C C C frbor.-Fcated cocird (th1ctt rus ater)

C A-C C A-C Thrs.ridae(ten";er) 3 r cr t:1r;rr (Firanni rara)

C,C C C Frirgilliue (fireFes, :parrow:, etc.)

C:reinal (kle" West c ret r..,lis)

C A C A-C C A CAC A A C A-C Eastern bl:.? gresbeak (Gilrrcn caerulea)

U Incico ta.nting (Ens <crina r<:rea)

C C

i Purple finch (C,reche:s correveus)8 C

C fine slikin (5,!n.s p,iros)3 U

Cc-on g:Icfirch Q. tristis)

U U

A C

Refeu:-sided towhee (Firilo ervtbreathalmus) A C

A C U C C C U C-C C U C Sav3P.cahrparrew(Pvurcules rcirN-sis)

C C

Crestbepper trarrow (A-,cr.ms sm,corum)

C A-C Ves;cr :p?rrew (Peorcetes eratineus)

U 4

l t

er 1

m

~

e

Table 37. (co.,t.)

Pssture Cottonfield rencerow SCr MCr 3reeles F W $ 5 I w S s I w s s r w 5 s r W s s Fringillidae (cent.)

Lark sparrow (Chendestes er:~reus)

U U

Dark-cyed junco (Jeco hvcMis)

C C C C

Chirping sparrev (5nitella rmerina)

U C

C field sparrow (S. rusille)

C A

A

'hite-threated sparrow (ZocetricS h

=

r albicollis)

A A

A A

fox scarrow (Facterella !!irca)d U

C A

C

$wa p'sp:rrow (l'eleceir ccorniana)

U U

Ser.c sperrow (M. retecia)

C C

C C C I

'Frebebly el: identified curing f all survey.

U w

1 e

e e

4 4

s

inble 33. List of prinary habitats

• of birds recorded enthe ANffP site during four seasonal terrestrial surveys.

Fa k e E,bitats

!!iner Habitats Along Autcuga Crcck, th-and Alabama River, and b

1%lnd Pntere fencrrew SCF,FTT SCf.140f 8.ekwater Site Ccitle egrct A erie:n ke:trel Ceeper's hawk Cedar w:x>ing Green horrn Turkey vulture

• t rilt.g Fourning dove Bo k hite White-eyed vireo Ucod duck liississippi kite

' ~ E:u:e sp:rrow Ruby-thrnated huningbird Turkey Red-eyed virco Kingfisher Red-tailed hawk 14ectlark Eastern kingbird Black-billed cuckoo Yellow-throated vireo Faruld warbler BroatWinged hawk Fed irigtd bleckbird l'o:kinfird Yellcw-billed ettkoo Black end white warbler.

Prothonotary werbler Chir:ncy swift free-te::ed co.tird Le;prhe:d shrike 5: rec:h cul Yello +rurred carbler Co--on yellovthroat Nighthe.A Sananch sparrev Wrtling vire:

Barred cwl Fine warbler Spotted sandpiper Bern srallew Grath:pper s;:arrew Yello A rea:ted chet' Cceren flickcr Palm varbler Raugh-winged swallow Vesper sp:rrcw Incigo bunting filcated t.co@ecker Prririe warbler Purple nartin tark sparrew Blue grotte2k Red-bcIlied voo%ecker Kentucky warbler 3

fi:lc :parr:w Rufous-tided tovhee Fairy vootecker Cocen greckle -

Louland Posture Chipping sparrow Dr.ny woodpecker Sc er tan:ger Song sparrow Rebh Med weedpecker Ctrdinel Horned grche

[

Yellow-tellied sapsecker Purple finch Pied-billed grebe Crested flycatener Pine siskin Gred blee heron Wood pc.ce Goldfinch Little blue beron Cluejey Dort-eyedjunco Yellow-cro.med night heron' fith crew White-throated sparrow White ibis Cc ron crew Tex sparrow Mellard i

Chick:ece Swarp sparrew Bloc-winged te:1 litr.ct.se Killdcer White-brea:ted nuthatch Wilson's snipe Carolira wren Gray catbird Brown thrather Accrican r: bin Wood thrush Hermit thrush Blue-gray gnateatcher R by-crowned kinglet

'Cettenfield did not corprise the primary habitat for any bird species; enly one species was cbserved feeding in this habitat (see text).

Species were cbserved soaring and feedi..g over several primary habitats.

Table 39. Reptiles and amphibians recorded on the AkffP site during four seasonal terrestrial surveys.

Scientific Name Common Name Status Primary Habitat AMPHIBIANS Bufonidae (loads)

Bufo terrestris Southern toad thcommon SOF, PN on eastern half of site, pecan greve B. wooohouset fowleri fowler's toad linconson Hylidae (Hylld frogs)

Acris 3. aryllus Southern cricket frog Abundant' Submerged lowland posture, temporary ponds Hyla cineres Green tree frog Common Submerged lowland pasture, SOf along backwater and Autauga Creek, lowland fencerows H. c,. crucifer Northern spring peeper Abundant

• Lowland pasture, temporary ponds H. gratiosa Barking treefrog N/AD in SOf along backwater H,. scuirella Squirrel tree frog Common Submerged pasture, 50f along backwater Hicechylldae (Narrov-southed toads)

Gastrochryne carolinensis Eastern narrow mouthed toad Abundant *

~$ubmerged lowland pasture along Alabasa River Pelobatidae (Spadefoot toads)

Scachiopus h,. helbrooki Eastern spadefoot toad Abundant' M0F, recan grove p

Ranidae (Truefrogs)

Rana catesbelana Bullfrog Common Backwater, submerged lowland pasture, small creeks R. c. clamitans x melaneta Green frog Cosmon Mesic $0F and fencerows, submerged pasture

[sphenceephala Southern leopard frog

r. canon Mesic 50f and fencerows, submerged pasture Plethodontidae (Woodland salamanders)

Plethodon g. alutinosus Sliny salamander Common

• Meist and shady M0F, 30f TURit[5 Chelydridae(Snappingturtles)

Cbetyrtra s. serpentina Common snapping turtle Common Autauga Creek, backwater Emydidae (Emyoid turtles)

Grapteeys n_. nicrinoda Northern black-knobbed sawback Common Autauga Cr N r+9erary ponds, backwater, edge of Alabama b l

G pulchra Alabama map turtle Common Alabama E A 4.euga Creek Chrysemys concinna hiercelyohica River cooter Abundant Alabama Rive utauga Creek, backwater i

l C. s. scripta a elecans Pond slider Abundant Alabama River, Autauga Crwk, temporary ponds Terrapene c. carolina x triunquis Eastern box turtle Common M0F,$0F l

-,,,+,-v--

..m,.

-- ~..

.-,.~...,

-.,,v,.,.

,,.-m.---

Table 39. (cont.)

_ Scientific Nase Common Name Status Primar* Mabitat TURTLES (cont.)

Kinosternidae (Hud and susk turtles)

Sternetherus minor peltifer Stripwecked musk turtle N/A' Autauga Creek, beckwater S odoratus Connon ausk turtle N/A' Autauga Creek Irionychidae (Softshelled turtles)

Trionyx spiniferus asperus Gulf Coast spiny softshell Common Alabama River LIZARDS Iguanidae (Iguanid lizards)

Arolls c. carolinensis Green anole Common Dry Mar, SOF 6

1 Seeleporus u_. undulatus x hyaelnthinus fence lizard Common M0F, Sur, pecan grove i

Scincidae(Skinks) femeces fasciatus five-lined skink Abundant M0fe 50f, pecan grove, fencerow E,. laticeps BroaMeaded skink Common MOT, 50F, pecan grove, fencerow Scincella lateralis Ground skink Conson MF Teidae (leid lizards)

H Cnemidechyrus s. sextineatus Castern six-lined racerunner Abundant Open M0F, 50F, pecan grove, fencerov SHAKES Colubridae (Colubrid snakes) g Carehophis a. amoenus x helenae Wars snake N/A Mesic MOF, 50F Coluber constrictor priapus Southern black racer Common Fencerov, edge of fields Elaphe obsoleta spiloloes Gray rat snake Common Mesic $0F, fencerows f arancia a. abacura Eastern oud snake thconsonI Canyon

_ Law repeltis cetulus bolbrooki Speckled kingsnake Common SF,M0F,fencerows heredia erythrogaster flavicaster Yellow-bellied watersnake Common All aquatic habitats, streambank N. r. rhombifera Olamond-backed watersnake Common All aquatic habitats, streastank j

N. pleuralis Midla*d watersnake Common-Abundant All aquatic habitats, streasbank Viperidae (Vipers)

Ae,kistrodon p, Discivorus

[ astern cottensouth Common All aquatic habitats, stresabank, levees m-Seasonally or locally abundant.

Formerly Pseudeeys (cf.: Collins et al.1978)

I p, hough only two incividuals were found, this species is oneSa,ie siz, m au f., acco, ate,o,ulauon,,u. ate, one ine1vieusi,e

,cee.

Alt but probably common of the most abuncant salamanders in the state.

May be common, but its secretive, fossorial habits e

j reclude accurate population status.

"May be common, but its secretive, fossorial and nocturnal habits precluce accurate population status.

i r

v.

m

=

m

137 Table W. Endangered, threatened, and special concern terrestrial blota indigenous to the central Alabama area.

Status on Censon Reno Selentific Name Alabama list'

, Plant Species Harper's heart-leaf Hexastylls spestosa Endangered Wherry's phlox Phlor pulchra Endangered Spreading g a Cleistes divaricata ihreatened Clishing fern lycodium Iplaatus ihreatened Pitcher plant Sarracenia rubra Threatened Lycopodium lycocodlue flabelliforme_

Special Concern

$sall-flowered falso hellebore Verstrum parviflorum Special Concern Powdery thalia Ihalia dealbata Special Concern Wherry's wild pink Silene wherrvi Special Concern Ovate cagion Silene ovata Special Concern Atlantic rhododendron Rhododendron atlanticue Special Concern Arkansas oak Quercus arkansana Special Concern

_ oericum iloydil Special Concern St. John's wort Hy Har& ack spirae Soiraea tomentosa Special Concern Silky willow Salit,,ericea Special Concern faunal Species American alligator Allloator.sississippiensis ihreatened Swallow-tailed kite Elanoides forficatus Special Concern

~

Little blue herenb florida caerull Special Concern Sharp-shinned had

_Accipitel striatus Special Concern Cooper's h:4b Accipiter coooerit Special Concern

'Boschung, H.

(ed.) 1976. Endangered and threatened piants and animals of Alabama.

These species were observed on the ANffP site during the fall (cliding fern), spring (little blue heron),

and summer (little blue heron, Cooper's hawk).

"This species may have been pisidentified (see text).

F

g 138 N

'l r" r \\gn 0

y 0

i 200 Vh y

1. 6 LEGEllD 44 b,

- Topographic Contours

(

- Site Boundary

---

County liighway

~

- - Railroad Scale

- Creek 0

1/2 mile l

.I l

0 1 la rig re 1.

Topcx]raphy of the INITP site, feet cime 1:can sea level.

5 1 39 l

/'. \\

)

.s

'\\

LdA l

LdB

~

I SsE fab LdC2 La LdA ic NC2 LdA I-Ha LdA i

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/ 020

)

.j

[

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w-0 1 km LEGEND

-- Oc0 - Ochrept's, loamF,' 5-2fi%' slopes fab - Faceville sandy clay loam Ro - Roanoke complex Ha - Harleston loamy fine sand RuC2 - Ruston fine sandy loam LdA - Lucedale fine sandy loam, sac - Saf fell gravelly fine sandy 0-2% slopes loam LdB - Lucedale fine sandy loam, SsE - Shubuta-Saffell co7 plex 2-5% slopes tab - Troup loamy sand LdC2 - Lucedale fine sandy loam,

- Site Boundary 4-10% slopes, eroded

-- - County Highway Mc - McQueen silt loam Railroad Oc8 - Ochrepts, loamy, 0-S% slopes.. -- Creek Figure 2.

Soil types on the E!FTP site.

l s

i

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y,

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i\\] SOF - Successional Oak Forest 110F - Hature Oak Forest i) --

Sito Doundary County Highway 0

1/2 mile Railroad l_

4 --

i

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.1.

L 0

1 km Figure 3.

11rfoitat tapes on the 2:TE~P sita.

.--.--.wr

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SCALE IN AIE TERS PicJure 4.

The INETP site shoeing locations of nxfam water transects (T) and wel]s (W).

142 SOUTIt Width (m )

h0. TH 9

-Transect 3

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^5p 180 i

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Diagrcamntic reprcContation of the structure and function of the aquatic food WCb at the triFFP cito (nodified frcrn Omnins 1975b).

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A diagramnic rc prescr.t.ation of a terrest. rial fen 1 ucb for tho N.?I? site (m2ificd frcr. Jensen aM Sali6 bury 1972).

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10.

(EFk: _ Section 2-7;1.4; p. 2-71; Threatened 'and Endangered Species) j Please, provide a list of threatened and endangered species (specified by state and federal) whose ranges include Autauga County. Also list' preferred habitats of each species along with' appropriate references.

RESPONSE

Threatened and endangered species are listed in the following tables.

The government-provided publications (8,9) from which the tabulated data was compiled contains further reference to the source of this information.

State of Alabama List of Endangered and Threatened

_ Segg!g s,(@g s g,gaggg,Mf g h}, I gglyd g, Ag}a gga,Cggg ty, Endangered Species - Mamals(0)

Comon Name Scientific Name Habitat Indiana Bat (Myotis)

Myotis sodalis North to Great Lakes, South to Western Florida.

Its distribution in Alabama is not well documented.

Florida Black Bear

-~Ursus _ Americanus floridanus It is estimated that there are still about 150 of this species native to Alabama, mostly distributed-in forested southern counties.

Florida Panther Felis concolor coryi Estimated less than a doren, probably in remote river swamps and large forested areas in the N

Threatened Species - Mamals No threatened species of mamals are listed.

EndangeredSpecies-AmohibiansandRectiled8)

Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichii In the Red Hills region of Alabama between the Conecut and Alabama Rivers.

Threatened Species'- Amphibians and Reptiles (0}

American Alligator Alligator Mississippiensis Along Mobile Bay drainage streams.

Gopher tortoise

,Gopherus polyphemus Common on coastal plain and in the Red Hills and Fall Line Hills m

-c.

Endangered Species - Fishes (8)

Common Name

, Scientific Name Habitat Alabama shovelnose Scaphirhynchlus so.

Mobile River Basin sturgeon Frecklebelly madtom Noturus munitus Alabama, Tombigbee and i

Cahaba Rivers.

Southern Club Shell Pleurobema desicum~

Mobile Basin (mollusk)

Fresh water clam Pleurobema perovatum -

Mobile Basin Fresh water clam Pleurobema rubellum Black. Warrior and Alabama River System Fresh water clam Elliptio a_rcus (dilatatus)

Mobile Basin Fresh water clam Obovaria jacksonia Mobile Basin and west to Texas Fresh water clam Obovaria unicolor Drainage of Gulf Coast streams Scale shell Potamilus inflatus Mobile Basin Fresh water clam Toxol asma lividuj lividus Tennessee and Mobile Basins fresh water clam Toxolasma cylindrellus Tennessee and Mobile Basins Fresh water clam Medionidus conradicus Tennessee and Mobile Basins fresh water clam Lampsilis perovalis Mobile River Basin Threatened Species - Fishes (0)

Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser onxrhynchus Mobile Basin and tributaries Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Mobile Basin and tributaries Crystal darter Anmocrypta asprella Tombigbee. Cahaba, Tallapoos Alabama and Mobile Rivers.

Freckled c 4rter Percina lenticula Alabama River and tribu taries.

Freshwater clam Ptychobranchus greeni Mobile River Basin Freshwater clam Epioblasma metastriata Alabama River System and Black Warrior River

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Endangered Species - Birds (8)

Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Rarely winters in Alabama.

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus North from Alaska, Mac-Kenzie and Labrador, Canada to northern Mexico and Florida on the South.

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus North from Alaska, Baffin Island and Greenland to Central Mexico and Gulf States (migrates thrv Alabama in winter)

Osprey Pandion haliaetus'-~

Northern Canada to Peru on the South. Migrates thru Alabama Red-cockaded Woodpecker Dendrocopos borealis Permanent resident in Piney woods of Alabama south of Tennessee River.

Backman's Warbler Vennivora bachmanii Last sited near Montgomery about 1940.

Threatened Species - Birds (0)

No threatened species of birds are listed which are likely to be seen in Autauga County.

Endangered Species - Plants (0)

Harper's heart-leaf-Hexastylis speciosa Autauga and Chilton Counties Wherry's phlox

~ Phlox pulchra Autauga, Bibb, Butler, Selby, and Tuscaloosa Counties.

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Threatened Species - Plants Spreading pogonia Cleistes divaricata Autauga County Pitcher Plant Sarracenia rubra Auteuga and Chilton County. '

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Endangered Species - Manuals (9)

Common Name

' Scientific Name Habitat Gray Bat Myotis grisescens Central and Southeastern USA Indiana Bat Myotis sodalis Eastern and Midwestern USA Eastern cougar Felis concolor cougar Eastern North America Florida panther Felis concolor coryi Florida I9)

Threatened Species - Mammals No threatened species of mammals are listed for Alabama or adjacent states.

I9)

Endangered Species - Amphibians and Reptiles American Alligator Alligator mississippiensis Southeastern USA (except where listed as threatened - see below)

Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla _andersonii Florida Threatened Species - Amphibians and Reptiles (9) tenerican Alligator Alligator mississippiensis Florida and certain areas of Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, S. Carolina, and Alabama.

Rec' Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti Alabama Endangered Species - Fishes (9)

Watercress darter Etheostama nuchale Alabama Alabama lamp pearly Lampsilis virescens Alabama mussel Orange-footed pearly Plethobasis cooperianus Alabama and Tennessee i

mussel Pale lilliput pearly Toxolastna (Carunculina Alabama and Tennessee mussel cylindrella Pink mucket pearly Lampsilis orbiculata Alabama, W. Virginia,

mussel Tennessee White warty back pearly Plethobasis cica tricosus Alabama and Tennessee mussel Five-rayed pigtoe Fusconaia caneolus Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee Shiny pigtoe Fusconaia edgariana Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee

_3 Threatened Species - Fishes (9)

Common Name Scientific Name

' Ha bi ta t Alabama cavefish Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni Alabama Slackwater darter Etheostoma boschungi Alabama and Tennessee EndangeredSpecies-Birds (9)

Whooping crane Grus americana Entire USA, Canada, Mexico f

Bald Eagle Heliaeetus.leucocephalus North America, south to l

northern ~ Mexico American peregrine Falco peregrinus anatum Canada, USA, Mexico falcon i

Ivory billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis Cuba and Southcentral and Southeastern USA Red cockaded woodpecker Picoides (Dendrocopos borealis)

Southcentral and Southeastern i USA l

Backman's (wood) warbler Vennivora bachmanii Cuba, Southeastern USA l

Kirtland's (wood)

Dendroica kirtlandii USA, West Indies, Bahamas

~

warbler i

Threatened Species - Birds (9)

No threatened species of birds are listed for Alabama or adjacent states.

i Endangered Species - Plants (9)

Hairy rattleweed Baotisia arachnifera Georgia Persistent trillium Trillium persistens_

Georgia, S. Car 611na Threatened Species - Plants (9)

No threatened species of plants are listed for Alabama or adjacent states.

r Excursus: On July 7,1930, H. C. Woodsum (ANFFP Engineer) received a letter (Attactment 10.1) from the United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service relating to the proposed nuclear fuel manufacturing plant near Prattville, Alabama and its potential impacts to endangered or threatened species.

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(ER:

Section 2-7.2.1, 2-5.3, 6-11 and Appendix B; Aquatic Ecology)

(a) Provide all data from the quarterly sampling program initiated in the fall of 1978.

Include:

(a)surfacewaterqualityasshown in Table 2-19, p. 2-49 and (b) aquatic survey data as delineated in Table 6-2.

(b) Were electroshock fish acquisition methods"used as mentioned in Table 6-2? If not, justify why they were not used as a check on other techniques.

(c) Why was acquatic biota not sampled at far upstream loca,tions?

Section 2-7.2, p. 2-72.

(d) Are the values of 1100 to 6100 pounds per day of uranium transported by the river accurate? What ic the source of this uranium (sunnary, p. 5-5)?

(e) Pennate diatoms are more likely to be found deeper in the water column than centric diatoms. To provide a more accurate pi'cture of existing acquatic microbiota, provide plankton data from both surface and deeper in the photic zone to determine if pennates are more abundant than indicated (Table B-14, p. B-23).

RESPONSE

The data for the quarterly sampling program is given in the Suninary a.

Report (I} which is included with this transmittal.

b.

Electroshocking was used extensively as shown in the Summary Report.(I) c.

Aquatic biota were sampled upstream of any potential plant discharge or site surface seepage to the Alabama River.or Autauga Creek.

(See Transects T-5 and T-1 (respectively) in Figure 2-7, page 2-34, of the ANFTPEnvironmentalReport.)

d.

The values given were obtained by multiplying the range of measured uranium concentration values (9.9 to 51 micrograms oer liter) in the 10 Alabama River by the average annual River flow rate (5.2 x 10 litors per day). The annual average flow rate is based on 50 years of data. The range of concentration values are based on three quarterly season grab samples taken during the four-season environmental sampling I

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program for the ANFFP. Although some uncertainty is to be expected.in these two sets of measurements, the'overall product is believed to Joe within acceptab' accuracy limit:.

The source of tne uranium is believed to be a function of the ubiquitous L

nature of elemental natural uranium in the earth's crust (soil, rocks, groundwater, etc.) For example, using data from Table 2-35 of the Environmental Report, it can' be shown that the average natural uranium activity concentration ranges from L30 to 1.41 picocuries per gram of

-9 site. coil. Using 3 x 10

1. U/pCiU (0.000000003 pounds of natural uranium per picocurie of natural uranium), 454 grams of so'il per pound of soil, and 3.3 x 109(3,300,000,000) pounds of soil (1.5 gm/cc) in 814 acres to a depth of one foot it can be calculated that there are from 1,348 to 6,336 pounds of natural uranium in each one foot depth of site soil.

If this is typical of the entire 9,700,000 acres (15,100 square miles) of Alabama River drainage area, there are some 16,000,000 to 75,000,000 poun1.s of natural uranium in each one foot depth of watershed soil! For a groundwater example, it has been calculated that if all of Prattville's tap water is (after use) discharged to the Alabama River, it is currently adding 10 to 11 ounces of natural Uranium daily - this compared to the less than 1 ounce of processed Uranium per day projected to be added to the river by the proposed fuel fabrication facility!

(e) While it is known that pennate diatoms are more likely to be found deeper in the water than centric diatoms, and that a deeper sampling might yield a slightly different distribution of species than that shown in Table B-14, there are other elements of the camoling program which, if included, could also affect the sampling results.

(for example, the effccts of the diurnal cycle were not evaluated in this study.)

On balance, however, it is felt that the most important parameters were

)

selected and measured during the preoperational surveys, and that more detailed measurements would not change the results to an extent that future comparisons of potential plant induced effects would be significantly al tered.

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(ER: Section 2-8.2.1; p. 2-95; Air Quality) 1 In which Air Quality Control Region (AQCR) is the site located? What is the status of each major air pollutant within this AQCR7

RESPONSE

The site is located in the Columbus (Georgia)f-Phenix City (Alabama) Interstate Air Quality Control Region (.ref. 40 CFR 81,58).

The EPA.has issued approval of the Alabama State Implementation Plan with regard to meeting requirements of Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (Reference Federal Register, vol. 44, no, 288, pp 67375-67380, Monday, Nov 26,1979). With regard to non-attainment areas, EPA has gc/en conditional approval contingent to submitting additional materials by certain deadlines and attaining national standards by specified attainment dates.

For the portion of the Air Quality Control Region (AQCR) in which the site is located, national standards, primary and secondary, for particulate matter were achieved in 1975. For other regulated pollutants (solfur oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon mo,c.xide and ozone) air quality levels are below secondary standards or the area is unclassifiable (ref.

Federal Register vol. 44, no. 228 pp 67379).

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(a) It is proposed that hydrogen gas from the kiln and sintering systems.

be flared.

Discuss applicable state laws with regard to flartng the hydrogen gas.

(b) Will any solid wastes be disposed of on site? If yes, please provide pertinent details.

RESPONSE-

-(a) On June 11, 1980, R. A. Williams (ANFFP Engineer) telephoned 'R. Gore

/

(Alabama Air Pollution Control Commission). Mr. Gore acknowledged their receipt of two copies of the ANFFP Eny'ironmental Report, and stated that there are no special state requirements eith regard to flaring of hydrogen gas.

(b) No solid wastes classified as " hazardous waste" or " radioactive waste" will be buried on site. Hazardous wastes will Le disposed of at an off-site hazardous waste disposal facility specifically designed and permitted for this purptse; radioactive wastes will be disposed of at an off-site radioactive waste disposal facility specifically designed and licensed for tais purpose.

Solid wastes not classified as " hazardous" or " radioactive" will most likely be disposed of at an off-site landfill specifically designed and pennitted for this purpose, such as the Prattville Sanitary Landfill currently operating northeast of the site boundary. However, the option of on-site disposal of wastes not classified as " hazardous" or " radioactive" is not being foreclosed. In such event, the on-site disposal will be in strict 1

compliance with then current Alabama Health Department Solid Waste Dtvision and/or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requirements, as promulgated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and/or other l

applicable regulations.

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(a) Please discuss the~ assumptions for the estimated release rates of.

uranium,. fluoride, and total particulates.

Provide infomation J

If the on_ stack or vent release for each atmospheric effluent.

j release is from stack, provide infonnation on the height of stack, j

stack diameter, temperature and exit velocity.

)

(b) Please identify the uranium compounds released from the air ef fluents. Provide the best estimates with rationale the j

percentage each u,ahium compound in the total release.

' RESPONSE-

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(a) Based on an international survey of facilities having steilar conversion /

fabrication processes, and/or design in-plant environments, the following air volume rate discharges - normalized to 1000 MTU/ year ANFFP licensed I

throughput - were calculated:

Facility "A":

s 200,060 cfm (Conversion only)

Facility "B":

s 190,000 cfm (Conversion only) f Facility "C":

• 280,000 cfm (Conversion and Fabrication)

}

From this data, the air discharge volume rate from ANFFP was estimated at:

300,000 cfm (142 m /sec) f 3

For uranium release rate, it was estimated that - following pretreatments such as process filtration and/or roughing filtration; but, before final j

treatment by scrubbing and HEPA filtration - the 300,000 cfm was made up of 85% room air (concentration 10~II pCi/ce) and 15% pretreated process i

-10 air (concentration 5 x 10 C1/cc). This is equivalent to 300,000 cfm at 8.4 x 10'" pCi/cc (or 0.9 pounds of uranium per day) prior to final

't treatment. Scrubber efficiency was set at 97%; HEPA filtration efficiency t

was set at 95%. ' These assumptions resulted in the reported release con-centration estimates of 1.2 x 10-13 Ci/cc and 0.05 pgm/m for uranium.

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for fluoride release rate, it was estimated that - following process t

pretreatment by 85% efficient condensation; but, before scrubbing and HEPA filtration - the 300,000 cfm contained an equivalent of 460 pounds of j

fluoride per day prior to final treatment. Again, scrubber efficiency was i

set at 97%; HEPA filter efficiency was set at 95%. These assumptions resulted in 3

a calculated 26.5 pgm/m - which was rounded to the reported release

[

3 concentration estimate of 30 pgm/m for fluorides.

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resulted in a -calculated 30.6 ugm/m - which was rounded to the reported 3

release concentration estimate of 31 ugm/m - for total particulates.

No stack or vent release assumptions were made for these estima'tes.

l (b) Uranium Compound Percentage in the Total Release (Rounded)

UF6 Trace UNH Trace t

UO F 45%

22 U0 10%

38 UO 45%

2 These estimates are based on the following rationale:

67% of the total airborne effluent comes from conversion operations.

33% of the total airborne effluent comes from fabrication operations.

The' conversion effluent contains less than 1% UF, some 70% U0 F '

6 22 and some 30% UO '

2 The fabrication effluent contains less than 1% UN4, some 80% U0, and 2

some 20% V 0 '

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15.

(ER: Section.4-1.2; p. 4-1; Site Preparation)

Will any portion of the 814-acre site be used for agricultural (grazing or crop land) or timber production during the life of the plant? If so, explain.

RESPONSE

Currently, cattle grazing and raising of cotton and Coastal Bermuda Grass are conducted on the site; potential site crops include corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, and wheat. These practices are. intended to continue during the life of the proposed plant.

The option of timber production during the life of the proposed plant is being left open; if implemented, harvesting will utilize the best practicable timber management practice then available.

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4 16.

(ER: Section 4-1.4; p. 4-0; Mitigation or Reversal Measures)

In what areas will rip-rap be used?.

RESPONSE

Rip-rap will most likely be used to dissipate the energy in storm sewer runoff to Autauga Creek, so that the potential for scouring and erosion is reduced.

It is (possible but) not likely that rip-rap will also be required at the plant treated liquid effluent discharge, since under normal water conditions this discharge will. occur well below the. surface of the Alabama River,

- at some 30 feet from the shore.

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(ER:

Section 4-2.3; p. 4-28; Chemical Impact)

Please calculate atmospheric concentrations of non-radiological air pollutants using atmospheric dispersion factors requested in Question 8-c and modify the discussion appropriately.

RESPONSE

Alternate short tcrm (8 and 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> time periods) and long term (seasonal and annual average) air quality calculations have been developed..using less conservative assumptiuns than those given in the original submittal of the Environmental Report.

In particular, these calculations differ froin those of

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the former analyses in the following respects:

1.

Meteorological dispersion factors which do not conservatively correct for open terrain recirculation (set response to Question 8(c)) have been utilized.

2.

Efficiency for reclaiming HF by condensation is estimated to be 95 percent, instead of 85 percent, (see response to Question 14).

3.

HEPA filter efficiency (for both solid particulates and liquid aerosols) is estimated at 99.9 percent, instead of 95 percent, based on guidance in (draft) ANSI Standard N46.1-1980 (see response to question 14).

Under these alternative conditions, which are considered to be realistic but less conservative than those used in the original analyses, alternate atmospheric calculations have been developed as shown in the alternate tables provided as Attachments 17.1 and 17.2.

The results of using these conditions in the calculated short and long tenn air quality calculaticns would also effect, to some extent, the conclusions reflected in the alternate discussion of "Results of Long-Tenn Air Quality Calculations (Nonoccupational Estimates) provided as Attachment 17.3.

m ALTERNATE TABLE 4-6 MAXIMUM SHORT-TERM CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUORIDES, URANIUM, AND TOTAL PARTICULATES IN THE STACK AND AT SITE BOUNDARY FROM ANFFP PLANT OPERATIONS AT 1000 MTU/YR 3

Constituents Concentration, pg/m Fluorides Uranium Yotal Porticutetes Measured Measured Measured Time Period in Stock S!% Boundary

Background

in Stack Site Boundary

Background

in Stack Site Boundary

Background

8-hour eur.iion 0.16 0.0092 0.001 5.7x10*

0.17 0.0098

-6 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> duration 0.16 0.00046

<0.0s.3.s 0.001 2.8x10 evg.

0.17 0.00049 i713i Avg. (0.26)

(3.6x10-5)

Avg. (55)

Manimum Allowable (8 hrs) 50 (soluble) 5000 10000 (OSHA Standards) 2500 250 (insolublol (dustl (NRC Standards)

(2000 for HF) 200 Maximum Allowable (24 hrs)

EPA Standards

' 260 (primaryl NRC Standards 7

150 (secondary) i 1

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ATTACRMENT 17.2 ALTERNATE TABLE 4 8 MAXIMUM LONG TERM CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUORIDES, URANIUM, AND TOTAL PARTICULATES AT SITE BOUNDARY FOR ANFFP PLANT OPERATIONS AT 1000 MTU/YR Constituents Concentration, pg/m3 Time Period Fluorides Uranium Total Particulates i

Spring Season

~4.4x10-4 2.7x10-6

4. 6x,10-4

-4

-4 Summer Season 4.8x10

3. 0x10-6 5.1x10

-4 Fall Season 2.5x10 1.6x10-6 2.7x10-4 4

Winte.r Season 4.1x107 2.6x10-6 4.4x10-4 Annual Average 3'9x10-4 2.4x10-6 4.2x10-4 l

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. ATTACHMENT 17.3 =

Results of Long-Term Air Quality Calculations (Nonoccupational Estimates) -

Annual' average dispersion parameters (x/Q) for ground level release in the direction of the nearest site' boundary closely parallel those for 24-hour time duration. Thus, 50 percent confidence dispersion parameter values (annual average) for the three major airborne effluents (V, F, and particulates)

- are essentially the same as those given in table 4-6 for the 24-hour time period maximum at the site boundary. There are no existing national or Alabama State limits for fluoride concentrations in air.

Sensitive specles of vegeta-3 tion could be affected by less than 1 pg/m of fluoride, while. tolerant species such as cotten, celery, alfalfa, and hundreds of others are unaffected by many timesasmuch(I9)

The state which has the most limiting ambient air quality standard for fluorides in the United States, limits the ground level concen-tration to between 0.5 and 3.7 pg/m depending on the time of persistance (20) 3 The seasonal and annual fluoride concentrations due to plant operation as given in Table 4-8 are predicted to be several orders of magnitude below the lower end of this most stringent standard.

The long-term annual average concentration of total particulates as a result of plant operation will not exceed 4.2 x 10-4 pg/m3 (0.00042 pg/m ), which is well 3

below the national primary and secondary ambient air quality' limits of 75 and 3

60 pg/m, respectively.

The. maximum annual average projected concentration of uranium in air at the site boundary of 5.7 x 10 pg/m3 (0.0003057 pg/m ), is man

-0 3

the uranium concentration limits in air of 7 pg/m (3) y orders of ma 3

(based on cinemical effects of soluble forms of uranium to the kidneys).

r 18.

6R: Section 4-2.5; p. 4-38; Effect on Water Use)

(a) Please indicate the average daily municipal water demand on the Prattv'lle Water System by the following sectors or similar sectors:

Residential Industrial Nonindustrial (b)

If possible, please supply used portions of the following publications:

1.

Geological Survey of Alabama, Information Series 21, Grcund-Water Resources of Autauga County, Alabama. By John C. Scott, Walter B. Jones, State Geologist. Prepared by the U.S.

Geological Survey in Cooperation with the Geological Survey of Alabama, University, Alabama 1960.

Pp. 7-11: Law Engineering Tasting Co. " Preliminary Site Reconnaissance for Geologic and Subsurface Conditions - Dupont Site - 12 miles H.W. of Montgomery, Alabama," August 29, 1978.

2.

" Report of Subsurface Investigation Union Bag-Camp Paper Corporation, Prattville, Alabama." Law Engineering Testing Co., Atlanta, Georgia.

Letter to Mr. T. H. Whittfield, Project Engineer from B. J. St. John, R. B. Bledsoe and George Sowers, March 26,1965.

3.

Scott, J. C., " Groundwater Resources of Autauga County, Alabama, Reconnaissance Report," U.S. Geological Service,1960.

RESPONSL a.

Daily average water demand for the City of Prattville is 2.5 million gallons,with a maximum demand of 4.0 million gallons. Approximately 70 percent of this water goes to residential customers, 25 percent to industrial use,and 5 percent to commercial use.

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Used portions of: Law Engir.eering Testing Co. " Preliminary. Site Reconnaissance for Geologic and Subsurface Conditions - Dupont Site -

12 miles N.W. of Montgomery, Alabama," August 29,1978; and" " Report

'of Subsurface Investigation Union Bag-Camp Paper Corporation, Prattville, Alabama", Law Engineering LTesting Company, March 26, 1965 are enclosed with'this submittal. Also enclosed, in.its entirety,.is: Geological Survey of Alabama, Information Series 21, Groundwater Resources of Autauga County, Alabama, John C. Scott et. al., 1960.

(This latter

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publication is the same as*that requested in part 3.: Scott, J.C.

" Groundwater Resources of Autauga County, Alabama, Reconnaissance Report,"

U.S. Geological Service,1960; thus, all requested publications are provided.)

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Preliminary Site Reconnaissance for Geologic & Subsurface Conditions "Dupon t Si te" - 12 miles N.tl. of Montgomery, Alabama

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Law Engineering Testing Company Gaaseekn<at and Matets Enemn SITE CONDITIONS

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The "Dupont" site is located on the north side of the Alabama River, between the river and County Road No. 4 (Autauga County, Alabama). As shown by published topogra'phic surveys, the northern portion of the site exhibits elevations ranging f rom 260 to 280 feet MSL, and the southern portion exhibits elevations from 125 to 140 feet HSL.

The transition in elevations occurs abruptly in the form of high bluf fs, estimated to be 100 feet or more in height.

Readily identifiable soil strata are exposed in the bluf fs to the north.

Much of the higher terrain is covered wi.th an upper layer of red silty clay contain-ing gravel layers.

This gravelly stratum appears to extend down to 'near eleva-tion 220 to 180, whir.h gives a thickness of 10 to 40 feet.

This gravelly clay stratum is interpreted to be alluvial in origin, deposited millions of years ago by the nearby Alabama River when the river existed at a much higher elevation.

Alluvially deposited soll strata that have been exposed through down-cutting of the contributing river are called terrace deposits.

In some areas, thicker.

deposits of these terrace sediments are probable, especially where ancient erosion features were covered by the alluvial soil deposition.

Delow the terrace sediments is a massive formation of interbedded tan to gray soil strata, varying from clayey silts to relatively clean sands.

These sediments now have a reddish hue in the bluf f walls, which is a staining by the overlying red clayey soils of the terrace sediments. These soils are interpreted to be derived from the Eutaw Formation, a geologic formation that is known to underlie most of the area.

The Eutaw formation is a coastal plain stratigraphic unit of alternat-ing layers of sands', slits and clays, deposited by ancient sea's which covered the area during the Cretaceous Age, (100 million years ago).

This formation generally exhibits a dark green to tan coloretion that can grade into tones of gray in the near surface soils.

The formation is usually well consolidated, and individual ruterial constituents (sand, silt or clay) can be variable in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

The soils in the southern portion of the site are interpreted to be recent alluvial deposits of the Alabama River.

No exposures of these deposits were observed.

in general, however, recent alluvium consists of variable mixtures of sand, silt and clay.

Readily identifiable strata may be present within a relatively small site area, but relatively rapid strata transitions, as well as material gradations, can occur both horizontally and vertically. These transitions occur due to changes in soil deposition as a result of altered stream water velocities or shifts in the stream channel.

In addition, recent alluvium can be poorly to moderately well consolidated, and can contain some pockets of accumulated organic material.

P. O. Box 10244 - 3608 Seventh Court South Birminghim. Nabama 35202 - (205) 252-9901

Page 2 August 29, 1978 Serface drainage in the area has been directed into -almost parallel drainage swales that trend NNE along most of the north bank of the Alabama River.. Since the upper soils are clayey, rainfall will tend to runoff rather than percolate into the over-

burden, in areas where the overburden is more gravelly or sandy, groundwatbr will readily percolate downward until 'it encounteres a rziatively impermeable clay strattm, and, in some instar.ces, could form a discontinuous perched water table.

The groundwater that does completely. infiltrate the terrace sediments often en-counters the clayey and relativiey impermeable layers of the Eutaw Formation. The laterlat percolation di'rection and gradient along this contact i s~ ' controlled by.

Grientation (strike and dip) of the. underlying clayey strata.

There is some evidence in the base of the bluff that some groundwater seepage occurs through' the more sandy. layers of the Eutaw Formation, located below elevation 160 feet MSL.

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I.

THE' SITE IN GENERAL A

This section will include our testing program and the overall 7

conditions at the site.

SOIL TEST BORINGS The drilling operations began on December 2), 1964 The initial 10 "B" borings, which extended to depths of 80 feet below the surface indicated that a'd.ditional borings need extend to a dense

~

sand strata 35 to 50 feet below the surface.

They also indicated thdt some adjustments in boring locations were necessary to

}

insure adequate coverage.

I The' procedures for making the borings is described in ASTM

'Qj Specification D 1586-63T.

Their locations are shown on the attached Boring Plan.

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Augers, incombination with washing and chopping techniques were used to advance the borihgs.

Heavy drilling mud was used below water tables.

At regular intervals, the drilling tools were

]

removed ahd soil samples obtained with a standard 1.4 inch I.D.,

2 inch 0.D.,

split tube sampler.

The sampler was first seated 6 inches, to penetrate any loose cuttings; then driven an additional

]

foot with blows of a 140 pound haumer falling 30 inches.

The number of hammer blows required to drive the sampler the final foot was recorded and is designated the " penetration resistance".

]

The penetration resistance is an index to the soil strength and density.

5 Il Representative portions of the soil samples, thus obtained, were d

placed in glass jars and transported to our laboratory.

In the laboratory the samples were examined to verify the driller's i

]

field classifications.

Test Boring Records are attached, graphically showing the soil descriptions and penetration resistances.

7]P

' Undisturbed samples of typical soils were secured for laboratory tenting.

The sampling procedure is described by ASTM Specification

,j D 1587.

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THE ROLL STORAGE AREA t

e The proposed Roll Storagehuilding lies almost entirely in a uell-drained cultivated field.

Borings in and around this 5

area ' include Borings B-1, B-3, S-1, S-2, S-3, S 6, M-l' and M-2.

Boring B-2 is siturated on the North edge of.the pro-y posed future storage area.

21 60IL CONDITIONS _

G The proposed Roll Storage : Building will be located in an area -

4 which is underlain ' by typical Eutaw sands.

The sands ~are generally greenish-gray with seams of firm to very stiff clay.

q&

Near the ' East end, at shallow depths, the subsurface soils in Boring M-1, M-2 and B-3 are associated with the marsh deposits.

1$

In Boring B-1, at the western end of the building, a zone of firm 1

to dense tanish-green and yellcw sands extends from the surface 7]

to a depth of 29 feet.

Eeneath this. zone and extending to a depth e

of 49 feet is a zone of very dense tan and gray sand with some thin stiff clay c.eams, Underlying the clay and sand materials and

-Q extending to a terminal depth of 80 feet is a zone of very dense greenish-tan, sand with medium sized rounded gravel.

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'(]

In the middle and estern portiens of the structure, a zone of red brown and tan clayey sands extends to depths ranging from 5 to 16 feet below the surface.

The sands are well graded and

]

range in density from firm to dense.

Beneath the clayey sands-an extending to terminal depths are the same greenish-gray

' sands as encouncered in Doring B-1.

There are several clay q'

seams or lenses in this zone in Boring S-1 from 39 to 43 feet, in M-2 from 20 to 28 feet, and in Boring S-4 from 6 to 18 feet and from 22 to 28 feet.

The clays encountered in Borings S-2 3]

and S-4 are chalky white, very silty clays and all range in consistency from stiff to hard.

]

In the future storage area, Boring B-2 discloned a zone of hnrd gray clays extending to 6 feet, a dense gray sand fro:u 6 to 14 feet, a gray clayey sand extending from 14 to 24 feet, a Inyer y

of stiff clayey peat from 24 to 25 feet.

'lirm claycy sands are present from 25 to 32 feet and a dense grayish-tan sand with clay seams exists from 32 to a terminal depth of 80 feet.

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?E VERY DENSE TAN Al.D GRAY WELL CRADED SILT.

SAND o

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M CONTINUED...

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TEST BORING RECORD

..a platten rics os rut nuaatR or on.ows Of 140 L S, HAMMER

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CRAY AND Tall SILTY CLAY 'AND y

jh, FINE TO HEDIUM ROUNDED GRAVEL 155

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j, 4g DEllSE TAN AND BROWil SILTY FItiNlTO HEDI,UM SANO WITH FIh1 GRAVEL AND l

NUMBEROUS VERY NARROW (1/2") SEAMS

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OF STIFF GRAY CLAY 145 t

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VERY STIFF CRAY FINE SANDY SILTY

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DEti,SE CRAY AND TAtl.SLICl!TLY SILTY FINE TO MEDItRI SAND f

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MEDIUM SAND WITil CIAY SEAMS a

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3 ttNE TR A fl04 ts Tnt HuuSER of BL0n'S Of 14 0 L D H A MMER 1

l FA L LIN 0 30 tM. REQVIRCO to CRivE I.3 IN. SAMPLER I f T.

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l30l % n0cx cont accostay Y warEn rAett JOD HO j

DATE DR I LI.En 1 5 t.$.

ut w oun atty e atntipAnoN - lit cas rc a i t.

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AND CRAVEL i

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BROWN SILTY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND 150-I b

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S TEST BOR!NG RECORD Vt ht TNa TION 85 T**E NUMBER Cf CLOw$ Of 8 4 0 L B. H A MMER 2

FAL LING Jo sH. McQulRED TO CRIVE I. S IM. $ A MPL ER I T T.

B O RIN G N O __. - 2 B

& unousivRet0 S AMPLE O ' 0 N

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WInl FitE TO HEDIUM GRAVEL _

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DORING TERMl!!ATED

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l HAMMER Pt Mt IR2160M Is THE NUMBER OF SLO *S Of 14 0 L S.

s BCRlNG NO B-2 IM.SAMPLEP I f r.

E FALLING JOIN. Pt0VIRED TO ORivE I.S b~554 1

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CULTIVATED TOPSOIL

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MEDIUM SAND WITH FINE TO LARCE

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SILTY FINE TO MEDIUM SA.ND Q

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.ON 170

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CONT INUED...

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etkETRATion as Tut nvMata or atows of I40LB. HAMMER FA L LING Jo IN. PEQuent0 TO OMIYE I,3 IM. S A MPLER I F T.

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& UMOIS TURSEO S AMPL E JOB HO v wATEM TADLE

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VERY DENSE RED TAN AND CREEN 2'

SILTY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND 155

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145 ki'j WI

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fine to medium sand j*j j

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Firm tan silty fine to medium sand j

20' Firm white fine to medium sand

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TEST BORING RECORD l-rinctnarson os rnt truasta or aLows or sto LO. osauuta rat tunc 30 on. nrousato to ansvE I.s nn. saupLEn a y r.

00mNG NO _ M f

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d Undisturbed sample - no good jog no_0~5Sh

& unossrunato SAMPLE warEn rABL E lg

}sol % acc8r coat 8tcovEnr Date nrt11cci 1/25/65 l.

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ro 20 3o 40 so e3 mv ej I!l l

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~5 Slightly firm tan & brown silty i:

fine to medium sand 7'

_ _Firm Tan 6 greenish tan silty l

fine to medium sand with narrow (1/2") seams of stiff gray clay I

3 19' Dense brown 6 greenish can

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silty fine to medium sand with narrow (1/2") secms of stif f

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gray clay 7

)

51 i

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35' 4,

i Boring terminated R

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7 TEST BORING RECORD rs A M ME R rikt tRatoc4 Is Tut nuaa[R Of CLOMS Of I40 L B CH. $ A UPL CR I F T.

L O RIN G N O _S.- 2 y

FALLING So ln. AE0 VIREO 10 ORIVE I.S g

Jostjo_ B-554 i

M unossTvReto 3 AweLE w TER TADL E Date Drilled 3 10 '65

_ T COME FfCOVERY

{so}% MOCW

o io zo so ao co eoioo Firm red brown clayey fine to, l

medium sand with fine to medium l

rounded gravel 4'

k Firm to dense red brown slighti v l

h clayey silty fine to medium san 1

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l 4

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f 12' 4'

Dense greenish-tan silt; claycy fine'to medium sand with narrow I

(1") seams of stiff gray clay

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A

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Y y

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29' fjjj A

Very dense tan 6 brown fine to nedium sand with seams of hard

.b 8; ray 6 brown very silty clay

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n

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40' i

c Boring terminated TEST BORING RECORD

-3 et o.t raa roon os rnt nuwata or stows or o<o t e. ruauutn 12c) l'n d i s tu rbutat o to on vt o. s on. s a upt e n o F r.

~3 ra u ma so.n at ed sample - no o, cod BORING NO S-3 kem( uno,5 runato saMPL f

-- Wat r table at I hour g _ 5 5 <,

gg o

}j lsoj x nocn conc accovtar. 7 Date Drilled 3/_4/65 w

ra m

N W '

O 80 20 39 40 60 20 #30 w-a i

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+

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2.5'

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Firm brown slightly claycy l

ilty fine to' medium sand e

e s

5.0' ery stiff to hard multi-colorel V

lg' fine sandy silty clay with scam ;

f can fine to coarse sand o

M j%

)

j'

(

i+

m l'd

'4%

t 18' Dense tan 6 Brown fine to med-g

,i

.M Lum sand wi.th seams of brown to i,

f gray very silty clay i

22' J. e ilard gray slightly sandy silty G)*S j;

clay i

N m

r 'th d

l l

1 l

.k 28'

,'h very dense brown slightly clayey ality fine to medium sand j

Very dense green fine to coarse

'l l

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'40' g-Boring Terminated

,m 9 IV TEST BORING RECORD "i

PtxEtRetson es tut nuueER or stows or t<o te. nauuER s'f 0 0Rit1G N O _ S ~

IN. SAMOLER I T T.

W f ALLING SO ln. RE0uinEC TO CRIVE I.S JOB 180.

8: 5 5!*

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1. L' Date Dri11csl 3/8/G5 CORE RECOVERY ls0l%a0CK

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medium sandy silty clay with

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Dense red fine to medium sand with some narrow (1/2") seams

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N of gray clay

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Very dense tan fine to medium h

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~\\

~

\\

N

\\

\\

m;

.2d 2

(J a

.I

..g 5

l

[

R l

7 40' Boring Terminated

]

2.-}

TEST BORING RECORD Pi h t r R e TION 8 5 T re 9tuuBER of BLOnS Or 6 4 0 L D. rIA uutR FALLin: J O sM. P(0VinCD to cRIVE I.3 IM. S A MPL E R I F T.

eORit1G NO Il-1 M u*oisrunero seuser JOD tJO B -. 5 54 3

):0) x nocx cost etconar v were raete Date Drilled 3/3/65

i. r.w r nninr r oirer. Tr sTito. c.9 ux=esumanmun.cas.sr_= ha maarMs as re,um aamram c.

e

]

s O

10 50 30 40 60 00 t00

1. I* '

)#

l g

4 Fill u

2, l

!ji 3

Firm gray fine to medium very l

j 4i landy f,ar_ _.

Firm red brown very clayey fine l

I to medium sand I

il

.rd:

6, i

Dense tan fine to medium silty sand with thin (1/2") seams of

,g.

very stiff gray clay

['

4 i

M

/,

I 4

l,M,

i u

eTC 20'

t Hard gray silty clay l

l i

w l

Wy l

l c%

l i

28' i

N Very dense tan fine to medium

\\

sand L

I l

e&

I

'E i

l-i i

l i

(

i

'l

\\

.;g i'

lo(u i

t l

I i

l l

Tr a

i i

l 1

-i i

n 40' lll 10CH Y1 lloring Terminated W

s e

TEST BOR!NG RECORD l

f t hl fkatIOM o$ int MVMBER of BLok5 OF 14 0 L B n r. u u E P (A L L e M G 3 0 lM RE0utRED TO ORIVE I.S IM. S A MPL E R I T T.

80R:f.G No M-2 hos(vuoisTvRatosaustE Joa No B-5 5'4 ls0l% nucx cope REcovEnr T WATER TABL E Date Drilled 3/2/65 i,

'e.

isim

..,...,,, a.

1.