ML20132B807
| ML20132B807 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000053 |
| Issue date: | 07/31/1977 |
| From: | YALE UNIV., NEW HAVEN, CT |
| To: | |
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| 06823, 6823, PROC-770731, NUDOCS 8103270834 | |
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-YALE UNIVERSITY IA11A1111 1A1111 1111111111 3.
July, 1977 8103910834 by,
Yale University RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURES
.C. 0_ _N.T_ _E _N.T.S P_ age Introduction.......................................................
1 General Information................................................
1 Radiation Safety Committee.........................................
2 Health Physics Division............................................
2 Authorized Principal Investigator Responsibility...................
3 Individ ual Us er Res ponsibility.....................................
4 Procedures for Obtaining Radioactive Materials.....................
6 Policy.............................................................
6 Authorization Procedures........................................
6 Purchasing of Radioactive Materia1..............................
6 Delivery of Isotopes............................................
6 Transfer of Isotopes............................................
6 Use of Isotopes....................................................
7 Employment of Minors...............................................
8 Control of Student Exposure to Radiation...........................
8 Training of New Employees..........................................
9 Personnel Dosimetry................................................
9 Radioactive Waste Disposa1.........................................
9 Solid Waste.....................................................
10 Liquid Waste....................................................
11 Animal Carcasses and Associated Waste...........................
11 Excess or Unwanted Isotopes and Sources.........................
11 Disposal of Radioactive Viruses.................................
12 Appendices:
I.
University Safety Policy II.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10 Part 19 (10CFR Part 19),
" Notices, Instructions, and Reports to Workers".
III. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 20 (10CFR Part 20),
" Standards for Protection Against Radiation".
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Appendices (continued)
IV.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Form 3.
V.
Control of Student Exposure to Radiation.
VI.
Possible Health Risks to Children of Women Who are Exposed to Radiation During Pregnancy.
VII. Laboratory Safety Procedures.
VIII. Recommended Procedures for Opening Radioactive Shipments.
II.
Leak Test Requirements for Sealed Sources.
X.
University Emergency Plan for Radiation Accidents.
XI.
List of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Reports.
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YALE UNIVERSITY i.
s AAA1AIIRE SAIIII P3ggIpy3ES 1
INTRODUCTION Ionizing radiation is potentially hazardous unless used with strict adherence j
to safety rules and procedures. Unlike most other such hazards, the risk of unguarded exposure to ionizing radiation includes the possibility of damage to j
future generations. Thus, the safety rules which govern all uses of ionizing radiation are concerned with preventing genetic damage as well as protecting 4
the health of the exposed individual. When followed faithfully, these rules limit exposure of radiation workers to levels far below these which might cause j
any adverse somatic or genetic effects. The rules and procedures set forth in this guide have one single, straightforward purpose - to protect employees and the public against unnecessary and potentially harmful exposure to radiation.
Four stages of responsibilities are involved in the radiation safety program.
All are equally important:
1.
Radiation Safety Committee: This is a group of scientists and physicians appointed by the Yale Administration to establish policies and regulations governing the use of ionizing radiation at Yale.
2.
Health Physics Division: An operating unit of specially trained health physicists and technicians which is responsible for insuring compliance with these policies and regulations; it also provides a variety of techni-cal services to the Yale community necessary for achieving such compliance.
3.
Authorized Principal Investigators: University faculty members whose train-ing and experience are such that they have been authorized by the Radiation Safety Committee to use ionizing radiation in their laboratory's research activities.
4.
Individual Users: Scientists, physicians, other professionals, students, research personnel, technical and other workers engaged in laboratory research and research support activities which involve actual use and hand-ling of materials and devices producing ionizing radiation. These personnel usually work under the immediate supervision of authorized Principal Investi-gators.
CENERAL INFORMATION Name Telephone Chairman, Radiation Safety Committee Peter D. Parker 6-2320 Director Health Physics Division George R. Holeman 6-0570 Health Physicist Kenneth W. Price 6-0570 Bealth Physicist Frederick Greenhalgh 6-0570 Chief Technician George Andrews 6-0536 Film Badge Specialist Lyent W. Russell 6-8434 i
Senior Administrative Assistant M. Claire Mulvaney 6-0570 Isotope Secretary Lorraine Venditto 6-2935 Waste Disposal Service 6-0536
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RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE The Radiation Safety Committee is composed of members appointed by the President of the University and has jurisdiction over radiation sources and activities in areas under Yale control. The Committee concerns itself primarily.with establish-l ing policy.
The functions of the Committee include:
1.
Establish policies regarding radiation protection of the Yale community.
2.
Provide direction and advice to the Health Physics Division on matters re-garding radiation safety policy.
3.
Receive, review, and act (through a subcommittee) on all applications for the use of radiation sources in any areas used by Yale personnel.
4.
Receive and review periodic reports from the Health Physics Division on monitoring, contamination and personnel exposure.
5.
Periodically review the overall use of radiation sources at Yale.
6.
Review instances of alleged infraction of use and safety procedures with the Health Physics Division and the responsible individuals.
HEALTH PHYSICS DIVISION The Health Physics Division is the operational arm of the Radiation Safety Com-mittee and is responsible for:
1.
Implementing policy decisions of the Radiation Safety Committee and insuring compliance with various Federal regulations.
2.
General surveillance of all health physics activities, including both per-sonnel and environmental monitoring.
3.
Furnishing consulting services to personnel at all levels of responsibility l
on all aspects of radiation protection.
4.
Establishment of procedures for purchasing, receiving and shipping all radio-active materials coming to or leaving Yale.
5.
Monitoring all University accelerators, isotope laboratories, x-ray machines and other equipment capable of producing ionizing electremagnetic radiations.
6.
Distribution and processing of personnel monitoring devices including film badges. The keeping of records of internal and external personnel exposure, and notifying individuals and their supervisors of exposures, as well as recommending appropriate remedial action.
7.
Instructing personnel in proper safety procedures for working with radio-active materials or radiation producing equipment.
8.
Supervision and coordination of the waste disposal program, including the processing, storage and disposal of radioactive waste and the keeping of the required records.
9.
Operation of and the allocation of space in the Isotope Facility, 1138 Kline Biology Tower, and the Cancer Center Radioisotope Facility, 400 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health. These laboratories are equipped for the hand-ling of high levels of activity. Space is available in the above laborator-ies to any authorized Yale investigator on an allocation basis.
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10.
Storage of stock solutions involving large quantities of isotopes.
11.
Supervising the leak test of all saaled sources and maintaining the required records.
- 12. Maintaining a quarterly inventory of all radiation materials at Yale.
13.
Supervising decontamination in cases of contaminating accidents.
t AUTHORIZED PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR RESPONSIBILITY Authorized Principal Investigators are responsible for insuring that the follow-ing individual user responsibilities are discharged by those under their control and are further responsible for:
1.
Adequate planning of experiments and determination of the type and quantity of radiation or radioactive material to be used. This determination will generally give a good indication of the safety measures that should be employed. Experimental procedures must be well outlined to allow adequate review of safety precautions. Where possible, a cold run using the planned procedures or tracer quantities of radioactive material is recomended to avoid unforeseen safety problems.
In any situation where there is appre-ciable radiation hazard, the Health Physics Division shall be consulted before proceeding.
1 2.
Providing for instruction of those employees for whom they are responsible in the use of safe techniques and in the application of approved radiation safety practices.
I 3.
Furnishing the Health Physics Division with information concerning individ-uals and activities in their areas, parti:ularly, pertinent changes in I
their personnel rosters.
4.
Contacting the Health Physics Division whenever major changes in operational procedures, new techniques, alterations in physical plant, (for example, the removal of radiochemical finne hood), or when new operations, which might lead to personnel exposure, are anticipated.
5.
Complying with the regulations governing the use of radioactive materials as established by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Yale Radiation Safety Comittee for:
i Using proper procurement and transfer procedures.
(See Procedures for a.
obtaining Radioactive Materials).
b.
Posting areas where radioisotopes are kept or used, or where radiation fields may exist.
Security of radioisotopes in their possession from unauthorized use.
c.
d.
Recording the receipt, transfer and disposal of radioactive materials in their area. This includes sealed sources, such as ion sources in gas chromatographs and static eliminators. The authorized user must i
submit inventory data on a quarterly basis.
Assuring that all radioactive waste materials are disposed in accordance e.
with NRC regulation or are transferred to the Health Physics Division for disposal.
f.
Assuring that appropriate records are maintained of work and are reported to the Health Physics Division on a quarterly basis.
g.
Providing adequate instrumentation for assessing potential radiation hazards in their area and performing routine surveys of the work area as necessary.
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h.
Taking steps to prevent the transfer of radioactive materials to unauthor-ized individuals. This includes the proper disposition of radioactive materials possessed by terminating employees and/or students.
6.
Keeping the stock of stored radioactive materials to a minimum within labor-atory areas. Authorized users should employ the storage facilities of the Isotope Fa'cility, 1138 Kline Biology Tower or Cancer Center Radioisotope Facil-ity, 400 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, for shipments not needed in current research.
7.
Insuring that service personnel are not permitted to work on equipment, hoods or sinks in radiation areas without the presence of a member of the laboratory staff to provide specific information.
8.
Complying with proper procedures for termination of employment or termination of any experiment using radioactive materials. The authorized user must re-turn to the Health Physics Division all radioactive materials, including waste, assigned to him under the license.
Particular care should be exercised to see that specialized equipment such as personnel monitoring devices (namely, film badges) are returned to the Health Physics Division. A final termination survey is also necessary.
INDIVIDUAL USER RESPONSIBILITY Each individual at Yale who has any contact with radioactive materials or radiation producing equipment, is responsible for:
1.
Keeping his exposure to radiation as low as possible, and specifically below the maximum permissible exposure as listed in the following table:
Rems Per Calendar Quarter Whole body; head and trunk, active blood-forming organs; lens of eyes or gonads.........
1 1/4 Hands and forearms, feet and ankles.............
18 3/4 Skin of whole body..............................
7 1/2 Laboratory air and water concentrations shall be maintained below the levels listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 20 (10CFR 20)
" Standards for Protection Against Radiation".
(See Appendix III.). Fetal exposures should be kept below 0.5 rem for the nine month gestation period.
(See Appendix VI. for further information).
2.
Wearing the prescribed monitoring equipment such as film badges and pocket dosimeters in radiation areas. Personnel who work only with pure alpha emitters, or only with pure beta emitters having a maximum energy of less than 0.2 MeV (namely, 3H, 14C and 35 ) will not be required to wear film S
badges.
3.
Surveying their hands, shoes and body for radioactivity and removing all loose contamination before leaving the laboratory.
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4.
Utilizing all appropriate protective measures such as:
a.
Wearing protective clothing whenever working with radioisotopes, and not wearing such clothing outside of the laboratory area.
s b.
Wearing gloves and respiratory protection when necessary, c.
Using protective barriers and other shields whenever possible.
d.
Using mechanical devices when appropriate to reduce exposure.
e.
Using pipette filling devices. Never pipette radioactive solutions tgr mouth, f.
Performing radioactive work within confines of an approved hood or glove box unless serious consideration has indicated the safety of working in the open.
5.
Not eating, drinking and/or smoking in areas where radioactive materials are present. Refrigerators may not be used jointly for food, beverages and radioactive materials.
6.
Maintaining good personal hygiene. Do not work with radioactive materials if there is open or unprotected break in skin below wrist. Wash hands and arms thoroughly after working with radioactive materials.
7.
Checking periodically for contamination in the immediate areas in which radioactive materials are being used (hoods, benches, etc.).
Any minor contamination observed should be decontmainated. Large amounts of activity found should be decontaminated under Health Physics Division supervision.
8.
Keeping the laboratory neat and clean. The work area should be free from equipment and materials not required for the immediate procedure. Keep or transport materials in such a manner as to prevent breakage or spillage (double container), and to insure adequate shielding. Keep work surfaces covered with plastic-backed absorbent material, preferable in a tray or pan, to limit and collect spillage in case of accident.
9.
Label and isolate radioactive vaste and equipment, such as glassware, used in laboratories for radioactive materials. Once used for radioactive sub-stances, equipment should not be used for other work, and should not be permitted to leave the area until demonstrated to be free of contamination.
10.
Requesting the Health Physics Division supervision of any emergency repair of contaminated equipment in the laboratory by shop personnel or by commer-cial service contractors.
11.
Reporing accidental inhalation, ingestion, or injury involving radioactive materials to Principal Investigator and the Health Physics Division and carrying out their recommended corrective measures. The individual shall cooperate in any and all attempts to evaluate his exposure.
(See Appendix X. for Emergency Plans).
12.
Carrying out decontamination procedures when necessary, and taking the neces-sary steps to prevent the spread of contamination to other areas.
13.
Prompt compliance with requests from the Health Physica Division office concerning body burden measurements, the submission of bionssay samples, and scheduling for requested radiation physical examinations.
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PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS 1.
Policy As a matter of policy, the person appl > tag for authorization must be a Faculty Member (Assistant Professor, Associate Professor or Full Professor) of Yale University. The Isotope Secretary will furnish application forms and necessary information, and is the only person who may order radioactive materials.
2.
Authorization Procedures The Radiation Safety Committee desires to have a minimum of " red tape" a.
to secure isotopes, but not all of it can be eliminated. The Investi-gator can save time and trouble by following these instructions and by using as much foresight as possible in anticipating his needs.
b.
To obtain moderate amounts of any radioactive materials for use on Yale property only, and not in human beings, secure an application from the Isotope Secretary. These forms must be completed in detail, in duplicate and returned to her. Only one isotope should be requested on each appli-cation. A separate sheet may be attached if necessary. These completed forms are circulated to the Radiation Safety Committee, and when approved, a copy is sent to the Investigator for his files. The Investigator may then contact the Isotope Secretary and give her his order, or send a written request or requisition. The Radiation Safety Committee's approval of any application will expire 24 months from date of application.
For isotopes and uses not covered by the University's license, the Radia-c.
tion Safety Committee and the NRC must both approve. Application is made on the Yale application form.
d.
For Human Use applications, forms may be secured from the Chairman of the Yale-New Haven Hospital Isotope Committee, 120 H.R.T., Section of Nuclear Medicine.
3.
Purchasing of Radioactive Material Af ter a Principal Investigator has received approval to purchase radioactive material, orders may be placed by telephone with the Isotope Secretary,(6-2935 or 6-2936). When placing an order by telephone give the following information:
Name of Authorized Principal Investigator.
i Name of person placing the order and telephone number.
l Name of Vendor, catalog number, microcurie or millicurie amount, name of isotope and any special information or instructions.
Also charging instructions must be given each time an order t
is placed.
l 4.
Delivery of Isotopes l
When an isotope is received at the University or Medical School Receiving l
Rooms, the Isotope Secretary is immediately notified and delivery of the isotope will be made to the Principal Investigator by Receiving Room per-sonnel. The amount and character of the isotope will determine the necess-ity of the Health Physics Division monitoring the package upon receipt. A recommended procedure for opening radioactive shipments is in Appendix VIII.
and should be followed.
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5.
Transfer of Isotopes 4
The transfer of isotopes between Investigators and/or laboratories is to be discouraged as a practice, however, where a real need exists the following recosamendations apply:
a.
Within University facilities: If a Principal Investigator wishes to lend or give isotopes to another Investigator, he should proceed as follows:
The first person can continue to be responsible, and must, therefore, continue to supervise all uses of the isotope as stated herein, or The second person may take over responsibility, in which case he must notify the Isotope Secretary, fill out the appropriate application for approval and agree to abide by the regulations. Until this is done, the first Investigator is responsible for the use of the isotope.
b.
Outside University facilities: No radioactive material may be trans-ferred to, or used, outside Yale facilities, except by special arrange-mends with the Committee or its representatives. Special arrangements, depending on circumstances, are initiated by notifying the Isotope j
Secretary of the proposal.
USE OF ISOTOPES 1.
Policy a.
The minimum standards for handling isotopes must meet NRC regulations known as 10CFR Part 20 (See Appendix III.).
In addition, the recommenda-tions of the National Council on Radiation Prctection and Measurements (NCRP) are considered to be the basis of good practice and are valuable l
guides, especially NCRP Report 8. " Control and Removal of Radioactive Contamination in Laboratories" and NCRP Report 30, " Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials". A complete list of the NCRP reports is given in Appendix XI..
b.
In addition to the Principal Investigators' and users' responsibilities (outlined in the above sections), a set of rules for laboratory work with isotopes is given in Appendix VII..
2.
Sources a.
Sealed Sources Each sealed source containing byproduct material, other than tritium with a half-life greater than thirty days, and in a form other than gas, shall be leak tested at intervals not to exceed six months. For details see Appendix IX..
b.
Sources Which are Used Outside the Shielded Containers These sources must bear a permanently affixed tag having the radiation symbol, and the words, " Caution - Radioactive Material, Do Not Handle, Notify Civil Authorities if Found".
c.
Radioactive Foils in Gas Chromatograph Equipment All gas chromatography units, in which radioactive materials are to be used, are regulated as follows:
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As with other radioactive isotopes, the use of radioactive foils in gas chromatography cells must be approved by the Radiation Safety Committee and orders placed through the Health Physics Division.
In addition, each cell containing a radioactive foil must have a label showing the radiation caution symbol with the words, " Caution -
Radioactive Material", and the identity and activity of the radioactive material. The radioactive foil should not be removed from its identi-fying cell except for cleaning.
Individuals using radioactive compounds in gas chromatography equip-ment must vent the call-exhaust through tubing into a hood or approved trap. This procedure will avoid contamination of work areas from the release of radioactive tagged samples introduced into the system or from the accidental overheating of radioactive foils in the cells.
The Principal Investigator will be responsible for periodic leak tests and storage of radioactive foils when not in use.
EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS 1
Minors who have not reached the age of 18 may not be employed in any area where they may be occupationally exposed to radiation, such as isotope laboratories and areas which contain radiation producing equipment.
CONTROL OF STUDENT EXPOSURE TO RADIATION The following guides are recommended with respect to the uses of ionizing radia-tion in educational institutions and should be distributed to students participa-i ting in demonstrations and/or experiments involving radiation:
1.
Persons in the general population at any age. Such individuals should not
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receive an exposure exceeding 0.5 rem per year in addition to natural back-ground and medical exposures. This limit applies to those persons who are not occupationally exposed. If an instructor or student of age 18 or greater is subjected routinely to work involving radiation, then he is an occupation-al workars and the exposure limit of 5 rem per year applies.
2.
Persons under 18 years of age. These individuals shall not be occupationally exposed to radiation. Therefore, individuals under 18 years old should not be employed in an isotope laboratory.
I 3.
Students under 18 years of age exposed during educational activities:
Such individuals should not receive whole body exposure exceeding 0.1 rem per year due to their educational activity. To provide an additional factor of safety, it is recommended that each experiment be so planned that no individual receives more than 0.01 rem while conducting or par-ticipating in the experiment.
4.
Students over 18 years of age exposed during educational activities fall into category 1. above.
It should be emphasized that there is no difficulty in performing radiation ex-periments and demonstrations in conformity with the above recommendations, if appropriate safeguards are provided. A handout for students has been prepared and is included in Appendix V..
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TRAINING OF NEW EMPLOYEES OR INDTVIDUALS WITH NO PREVIOUS RADIATION EXPERIENCE 10CFR Part 19 requires that each individual entering a restricted area be given information on the radiation hasards to be experienced, biological effects of radiation and techniques of radiation protection, (See Appendix II.).
The authorized Principal Investigator is responsible for training the individuals working in his laboratory. The Health Physics Division assists the Investigators by providing routine seminar sessions on radiation safety and radiation protec-tion techniques. Principal Investigators should contact the Health Physics Division when new individuals begin working in their laboratories to arrange for their attendance at one of the seminars.
PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY It is the intent of the Radiation Safety Committee to maintain occupational radia-tion exposures at a minimum.
In order to accomplish this, the following methods of personnel monitoring are employed:
1.
Film Badges Except for individuals using sof t beta emitters ( E (S) < 0.2 MeV) and pure alpha smitters, everyone directly involved with radioactive materials, or ionizing radiation producing equipment, at University facilities will be required to have and wear a film badge when working. Request forms for film badges may be obtained from the Isotope Secretary and should be sent to the Health Physics Division, Room 12, 340 Edwards Street, (telephone 6-8434). The completed film badge request form should have the following information:
Name of Applicant (Printed or Typed)
Date of Birth Social Security Number Room Number, Building and Department Principal Investigator's Name Previous Radiation Work History Wrist badges are required when handling more than 10 aCi or P-32 and in other situations where the hand exposures may be significant. Wrist badges should also be requested from the Health Physics Division when needed.
2.
Bioassays Individuals involved in operations which utilize tritium in a form other than a sealed source or metallic foil, in amounts greater than 10 millicuries, will be requested to submit urine samples for analysis. The samples sub-mitted should be taken 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> after a single experiment. For continuing experiments, samples may be required at weekly intervals. Arrangements for this service should be made through the Health Physics Division.
3.
Thyroid Counts Individuals working with iodine isotopes must have thyroid counts on a frequency established by the Health Physics Division.
_RADI0 ACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires that all licensees maintain written records regarding disposal of radioactive waste material. In order for the University to meet the legal requirements in the above matter, individual Investigators are required to keep records. At quarterly intervals a form will be sent to each Investigator in order to supply the Health Physics Division with a stmonary of necessary information in the following categories:
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Name of isotopes Methods of disposal Activities (uCi or aCi of waste)
Special information as necessary The Health Physics Division will compile the appropriate records from the infor-mation supplied by the Investigators for NRC and/or State inspections. Each authorized Investigator is responsible for the secure and safe storage of radio-active waste generated. This generally means storage within the individual's laboratory. In addition, shielding and containment of vapors must be considered by the Investigator.
l The following information should be helpful in fulfilling this responsibility and outlines the current Health Physics Division's procedures:
Solid Drv Waste Special waste receptacles are provided by the Health Physics Division to the various departments utilizing radioactive materials for the disposal of solid dry waste. These receptacles are identified with the magenta and yellow radia-l tion symbol and the words, " Caution - Radioactive Material".
1.
Empty containers may be obtained by calling the Health Physics Division, 6-0067 (if no answer, call 6-2935).
2.
The corrugated cardboard containers are for solid dry waste only. The contents of these containers should not include liquid, animal tissue of any kind, or items that require refrigeration. Care should be taken to keep con-tainers dry and within the weight capacity of 65 pounds.
3.
All syringes used with radioactive isotopes must be capped or the needle removed by mechanical means before discarding them into the waste box.
4.
Material must not be put into radioactive waste collection containers if there is any possibility of a chemical reaction during storage or shipment that might cause the release of radioactive gases, fire or explosion.
(Special care must be exercised in storing the radioactive waste containing iodine isotopes prior to pick-up due to the volatile nature of iodine).
5.
As the receptacle is being filled, records must be kept of the isotopes and quantities being placed in the container.
6.
All radioactive waste receptacles must be kept in the laboratory, NOT in the hall or other unsecured area. The presence of the receptacle within the laboratory should not consistute a health hazard.
If significant dose rates are associated with the container, special arrangements should be made through j
the Health Physics Division for recommendations concerning proper shielding l
or different methods for handling waste arranged.
7.
Full containers may be removed by calling the Health Physics Division, (6-0067, if no answer, call 6-2935) giving a two to three day notice. Scheduling for pick-up necessitates advance notice; allowance must be made to anticipate full containers (not overflowing) at the time of pick-up.
Investigators are reminded of their responsibility for safe and secure storage of the vaste until removed by the Health Physics Division.
Each container should be clearly marked indicating what the isotope (s) are and the amount g activity i
before they are picked up by the Health Physics Division.
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8.
The waste containers should not be filled to overflowing. The flaps on the top of the container must be folded down and taped in accordance with regula-tions set forth by the NRC and the Department of Transportation.
9.
The solid dry waste is prepared for shipment and sent to an outside vendor to be buried. Due to the expense involved, everyone's cooperation is re-quested ir. keeping the waste volume to a minimum by using the containers for radioactive waste only.
Liquid Waste 1.
Soluble low-level liquid waste, disposed down the drain, must conform on a University-wide basis, to the NRC regulations. This means limiting the sewage disposal to less than 0.1 millicuries of soluble radioactive material per week, per authorized Investigator.
Isotopes having relatively short half-lives can be kept in the laboratory until such time that the activity does not exceed 0.1 mil 11 curies, and then disposed of down the drain. Infor-macion on all waste disposed down the drain must be accurately recorded and reported to the Health Physics Division on a quarterly basis.
2.
Insoluble or high-level liquid waste must be neutralized (pH 6.5-7.5),
collected in inert polyvinyl chloride bottles and the Health Physics Division notified. All iodine liquid waste should be made strongly alkaline. Contents of polyvinyl chloride bottles should be liquid only, (n_o, p ass vials, ampoules o
oj; paper). It is suggested that the bottles be stored in plastic dishpans or metal trays lined with absorbent material to catch spillage or leakage.
3.
To dispose of vials containing unused stock solutions of iodine, wrap the vial in a 4" x 4" square of charcoal impregnated felt (obtained from Haalth Physics Division) and place in the cylindrical plastic shipping container.
Place container in 30 gallon vaste drum for disposal.
4.
When it is not feasible to pour the contents of liquid scintillation vials down the drain, then metal drums, containing absorbent material, will be provided to collect the intact vials and contents.
5.
Liquid waste from P-32 experiments shall be kept separate.
If a large volume of P-32 contaminated liquid waste is anticipated, contact the Health Physics Division for a supply of containers to keep it separated from the other iso-topes.
6.
Lucite rather than lead should be used as the shielding for P-32 waste.
If additional shielding is needed use lucite on the inside of the shield and lead on the outside.
Animal Carcasses and Associated Waste 1.
Investigators authorized to use animals in their radioisotope research must make adequate provisions for freezing the carcasses until picked up by the Health Physics Division.
2.
Bass containing animal carcasses and associated waste should be labeled with isotope, date and quantity contained.
Excess or Unwanted Isotopes and Sources Contact the Health Physics Division for disposal of unwanted isotopes or sources and disposal will be arranged.
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Disposal of Radioactive Viruses The following suggested disposal procedures were developed in cooperation with the Yale Bio-hazard Committee and should be followed when radioactive campounds and infectious viruses are used together:
1.
All liquid preparations containing infectious viruses and radioactive com-pounds shall be mixed with an appropriate agent such as laundry bleach, or 10 N NaOH to deactivate the virus, then neutralized before placing in the radioactive vaste receptacle.
2.
All solid waste contaminated with infectious viruses and radioactive com-pounds should be autoclaved before being placed in the radioactive vaste disposal receptacles. Care should be taken that disposable glassware, etc.,
which might be radioactively contaminated on the outside do not touch the walls of the autoclave.
3.
In case of spills or accidents in the laboratory involving both infectious viruses and radioactive compounts, first deactivate the virus and then notify the Health Physics Division and proceed with decontamination as if only radioactive.
If radioactive waste is removed from the laboratory by unauthorized individuals (namely, housekeeping personnel) please contact the Health Physics Division (6-2935 or 6-2936) immediately, i
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Appendix I.
YALE UNIVERSITY SAFETY POLICY General Policy
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Por reasons of humane concern as well as operational efficiency, the University must attend to the safety of its students, faculty and staff and to the pro-taction of its buildings and the irreplaceable fruits of modern research or ancient art they may contain. Therefore, without assuming legal obligations beyond those imposed by law, the University, having in mind the protection of students, personnel and property from injury or loss due to accident, fire or occupational hazard, now reaffirms the following policies and procedures.
University Safety Policy The Dean of each Fehool, the Master of each College, the Chairman of each Depart-ment of Instruction, and the Director or Manager of each University administra-tive unit, service department or ancillary academic facility, in addition to his other duties, is responsible for the safety of the people and property under his jurisdiction.
In fulfilling this responsibility, he may delegate authority to act to members of his faculty or staff; and he will receive assistance from appropriate University organizations, such as the University Fire Marshall, the University Police Department, the Safety Section of the Empicyee Relations Division, the Health Physics Division and the Environmental Health Section of University Health Services.
University Safety Committee University safety policy shall be the concern of the University Safety Committee which shall be appointed by the Provost and report directly to the Provost, Treasurer and Director of Operations of the University. This Committee shall I
consist of one representative of each of the three officers together with the University Police Chief, the University Fire Marshall, the Safety Section Manager and a representative of University Health Services.
In addition to developing general University safety policy the Committee will consider matters which are of general importance or which involve major ex-penditures and will make recommendations concerning these to the University Officers.
When necessary, it will (1) coordinate safety activities in the University, including the work of the professional safety connaittees and of the area safety comunittees; (2) review actions and safety regulations formu-l lated by the professional fire safety and health officers and the professional and area committees and (3) assist in promoting or enforcing these, l
October, 1975.
l l
Appendix II.
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES and REGULATIONS 4
Tma is. CHAMER 1, CODE OMEDGuu. R80UI.ADOpes-pesRey i
a PART
- i NOTICES, INSTRUCTIONS, AND REPORTS TO WORKERS
19 INSPECTIONS i
e J
l l
I l
Sec.
(c) " Worker" means an individual seed pursuant to Subpan B of Part 2 of 4
l' 8 P* Pose ensased in activit'es limaamrt by the Coun ' this chapter, and any reponse from the gi unassion and contround try a bosasse. M h.
j 394 Interpretations.
Mit does not include the it====
Q (b) If posting of a document spect$edi le.$
Comissusucations.
(d) "fdaeam*" Eneans a Deense jambedt g in paragraph (a) (1). (2) or (3) of this i
39.1i Postans of notacas to workers.
mader the regulations in Parts 30 thrtnasts 'secuan is not practiemble, the lia=====
j 19.13 lastruction to workers *
- 35. 40, w TO of this chapter. #a*bandling, M May post a BoGot wtuch decribes the lN US**e'57te,"rO*nSt$ oInY'."e7 fi-a-= to operase a aroducuan w utsu.
a--=-at and stasas when it amar be sad workers durens onepections.
M faculty 4surmann w Pan 50 of this 19.15 Coneuhetion with workers detag in.
chapter. "I.loansee" means the holder of
'j spections.
such a laenne.
(c) Pbrm NRC-3. " Notice to Em-a 39.16 Reemosas by war for inspections.
(e) "Retrteted area" means naty area ployees". dnaH be posted try each 11-89.17 Inspectaon not need;tsforsnes te t.
k which as controDed by the M.
- a=== whereve individuals work in w
.. 3."~v,oist as.
E ividuals frtet esposure to rendiation and for pwpo-a protecuan of to- :. frevuont tar poruon of a =trie=d ans.
d I9.31 Apphconson for esesspe6ons, a radioacuve Insterials "Bestr$cted area". g g
ygg,,,, Copies of Perus NBC.8 may he ob.
f 19.32 Decriansastson protubeled.
E hined by attag 2 the h of the g abau not include any areas used as red E appropriate UA. Nucasar Esgulatory Cost.
dential quartere, althoust1 a separate f abasalon lampaction and Enforumment Re-Atrrisaarrr: Sees. 53. W. 81. te.104.101, room or rooms in a residential budding gnomal Cese lasted in Apponets "D". Part so Pub. L. Es-103. es Sent. 900. 983. SM. See.
anay be set apart as a restrtened area, of this chaoter, or the Derseter. CSee of In-ast. Ms. as asmended (c UAC. 3073. Sota, 2111. 2133, 21M. 2301): Sec. 4o1. Pub. L. SS.
l M.4 Interpeuta h spectaen and Enteressment. UA. Nuclear Reg.
i
- unstery hau==ma, washlagten. D.C. Sos 5s.
eas. as stat. lau (c UAC asel)
Except as speci$cally authortmed try the 1
Ca==taataa in wrtung, no interpretatiost (d) Documents, nouces. or forms of the maanang of the regulations in this posted parauant to this sect 8cn shan ap ;
1 1
part by a
$ 19.1 Perpene.
cammimme,ny olBew or employee of the paar in a ht ansmer of places to i
other than a written in, permit individuals engaged in Manaad
=
'line regulations in this part estahtish terpretauon try the General Counsel wiu nettettles to observe thest on the way to requirements for notices. instructions.
be romanteed to be binding upon the or front any perucular laa=a-' activity and reports by 1ta====== to individuals en.nmi-a location to wtuch the docenant appues, parucspating in licensed activtues, and
=
shan be consp6cuous, and shall be re-opuons available to such individuals in "l19.5 r-placed if defaced er altered.
cannection with camme==taa inspections (e) 'h== n=naa docuanents posted of licensees to ascertain casupliance with t where otherwise =P=N in pursuant to paragraph (a)(4) of thas l
the provisions of the Atostic Energy Act pan, an omnmeum and npwls sectiosi aball be posted within 2 working of 1954 as amended. T10e II of the En-g concuning the mulauons in this pan days after receipt of the documents from l
E abould be addnad to the Dtmetor, M*
the ca==iastaa; the ha====='s response.
ergy Reorgantastaan Act of 1914, and res e See of Inspecuon and Enfmt. R e ulauons, orders, and licenses thereunder z Nuclear Regulatory r9ammt==taa Af asty, chan be posted within 2 working c regarding radiological working ocandi a Wash-days after dispatch by the ha=====. Such S
S g,3,-
g ington, D.C. 20555. Cosnm'mteattaan, re- % documents ahan remata pastot* for a 1
ports, and apphcations snay be deuvered g sninismuss of 5 worttag days or untG me.
l l
l 19.2 h=r.
In person at the Cornmt=atan's olBoss at taan correcting the vtalauen has been
}
The regulauons m ttus part apply to 1711 B 8treet. NW., Washington. D.C.; E osampleted, wtuchever is later.
I all persons who receive, possoas use, or or at 7930 Norfolk Avenue. Bethesda.F $ 19.12 hwh /
tranafer materiallicensed by the Nuclear
,,. Maryland.
Au individuals wetag in er fet-
"E 19.11 Possing of meelees so workere.
ing any perunn of a restMcted area chan U
rough the g",,5aue,n,",km such pa'uons o 7 I Iamed or 70 of this chapter. including persons 11 (a) Each Ita===== aban post current g
y, y as j
eensed to operate a productson or utui.
cop 6es of the fouowtag docuanents: (1) ra sauon facility pursuant to Part so of g 'fhe reguisuons in this part and in Part sortened area; aban be instructed in the i
,,,t,,his chapter.
g20 of this chapter; (2) the Moones. lleense health protection probleans assocasted 3
M 19J DeSaletems.
,e een i ens. er doeunents knoorporated with esposum to such sodioacuve snate-i w into'a Boonse by reference, and amend.
Flais or radiataan. in precautions or pro-i F.
As used in this part*
g tai "Act" sneans the Atonde Energy R nients thoroto; (3) the operating proce, cedures to = tan =n== exposure, and in the dures anattanham to na A acuvtues, purposes and functions of prosecuve de-1 i
g Act of 1954, (es stat. 919) including any (4) any nouse of violataan involvisd vlees employed; shan be instructed in, w amendments thereto.
R (b) "Commessen" sunnes the ljuised Susses redlanagicalwwtagcondauens proposed and instruened to observe, to the essent
- e j
l Nucimar Reguistory Consusmo:
AERpeeuen of card penalty. w'm >-
Within the worker's control, the applica.
i ble prortstons or twa=t==ian regulauens 1
MN April 30,1975 1
-e.
O O
Appendix II. (continued)
PART 19 e NOTICES, INSTRUCTIONS, AND REPORTS TO WORKERS; INSPECTIONS and licenses for the protection of per.
report shan be transmitted at a une or in writing, any past or present cond1-sonnel from exposures to radiation or not later than the transmittal to the uon which he has reason to bebeve may radioacuve materials occurring in such Com m tuf on.
have contributed to or caused any vio-lauon of the act. the regulations in this areas: shan be instructed of their re.
I sponsibibty to report promptly to the 11*
I en nd w ers a
p necessary exposure of an individual to eensee any condition which may lead to g;,
redlauon from.llcensed radioacuve ma.
or cause a violation of Commtanton regu.
(a) Each Ucesw shan aford to the terial under the licensee's control. Any Lauons and bcenses or unnecessary ex.
posure to radlauon or to radiomettve ma.
Commiazion at au nasonable times op-such nouce in witung shan comply with terts!; shan be instructed in the appro-portunity to inspect materials, activities, the requirements of I 19.16(a).
priate response to warnings made in the facihties, premises, and records pursu*
(c) he provisions of paragraph (b) event of any unusual occurrence or mal-ant to the regulations in this chapter.
of this section shall not be interpreted as function that may involve exposure to (b) During an inspection. Commission authorirauon to disregard instrucuons radiation or radioactive material; and inspectors may consult privately with pursuant to i 19.12.
shan be advised as to the radiation es.
workers as spec 18ed in i 19.15. De 11 I 19.16 Requesas by workers foe inspec.
posure reports which workers may re.
censee or licensee's representauve may tions.
accompany Commiulon inspectors dur*
(a) Any worker or representative of quest pursuant to i 19.13. The extent of ing other phases of an inspecWn.
workers who beheves that a violauon of these instructions shan be commensur-(c) If, at the time of inspection, an the Act, the regulauons in this chapter.
ste with potential radiological health individual has been authorised by the or license conditions exists or has oc-protection problems in the restricted workers to represent them during Com*
curred in license activiues with regard to arte.
mission inspecuens, the Ucese shan radzological working conditions in which l 19.13 Notineations and repoete to in.
notify the inspectors of such authoriza-the worker is engaged. may request an dividuale.
tion and shall give the workers' repn*
inspection by giving notice of the alleged (a) Radiation exposure data for an sentauve an opportunity to accompany violanon to the Lnrector of Inspecnon and En-individual, and the results of any Eness-the inspectors during the inspection of forcement, to the Director of the appro- ~
J urements. analyses, and calculations of physical working conditions.
priate Commission Regional OfDee, or to radioactive material deposited or re.
(d) Farh workers' representative shall Commtanton inspectors. Any such notice taaned in the body of an individual, shall be rouunely engaged in Deensed acuvi-shan be in wrtung, shau set forth the be reported to the individual as specified ties under control of the !!censee and specific grounds for the notice, and shan in this sectaon. 'Ihe information reported shad have received instructions as spec-be signed by the worker or representa.
shall include data and results obtained 1 Sed in I 19.12.
tive of workers. A copy shan be provided pursuant to Commlulon regulauons, or.
(e) D15erent representatives of 11 the licensee by the Director of Inspecnon and cers or beense conditions, as shown in censees and workers may mocompany the Enforcement. Reponal Office Director, records maintained by the licensee pur.
inspectors dunns diferent phases of an or the inspector no later than at the time suant to Cnmmiuton regulations. Each inspection if there is no resulting inter.
cf inspection except that, upon the n-ference with the conduct of the notification and report shall: be in writ-tion. However, only one workers,1nspec-quest of the worker giving such notice, repre-k his name and the name of individuals
,, ing: include appropriate ident!!ying data,g g
g such as the name of the licensee, the n sentauve at a time may accompany the N nfund 2 thnein shan not acMar in name of the individual, the individual's "g inspectors.
such copy or on any record pubhshed, c
g social security number; include the indt-w (f) With the approval of the licensee a released, or made avaUable by the Com.
w fj vidual's exposure informauon; and con-pj and the workers' representative an in F mission, except for good cause shown.
dividual who is not rouunely engaged (b) If, upon receipt of such nottee, the tain the foUowing statement:
in licensed activtues under control of 1
l This report is furnished to you under the prowb the hcense, for example. a consultant nona of the Nuclear Resulatory Commesion regu-to the licensee or to the workers' repre-the complaint meets the requireInents set Lation to CFR Part 19. You should preserve thas sentaun, shaU be aSorded the oppor-forth in paragraph (a) of tt.is section, report for further reference.
tunity to accompany Comminatan inspec-and that there are reasonable grounds to (b) At the request of any worker, each tors during the inspecuon of physicar Mm mat the sued v1&Wn uma beensee shall advise such worker annu.
working condittcns.
M has occurnd, he shan cause an in-ally of the worker's exposure to radiation (g) Notwithstanding the other provi-specWn 2 be Inade as soon as practica-or radioactive matertal as shown in ree-stons of this section. Commission inspec-ble. to determine if such aDesed vtolauon ords maintained by the beensee pursu-tors are authorized to refuse to permit ulsts w has occurnd Inscum pur-ant to i 20.401(a) and (c),
accompaniment by any individual who suant 2 this secuan DMd not be limited i
(c) At the request of a worker former-deliberately interferes with a fair and 2 Instters Mentd to in W comph ly engaged in heensed activities con-orderly inspection. With regard to areas (c) N heense shall discham w in troDed by the licensee, each licensee shalf containing information classi$ed by an any snanne disenminate against any furnish to the worker a report of the agency of the U.S. Oovernment in the wwku ause meh wwkn has M any worker's exposure to radiation or radio-interest of national security, an individ.
complaint or instituted or caused to be active material. Such report shall be fur-ual who accornpanies an inspector may insututed any proceeding under the nished within 30 days from the time the have access to such informatica only if regulamns in thb chapter w has tesu-request as made. or within 30 days after authorized to do so. With regard to any w is abod to te@ !n any mch p the exposure of the individual has been area contatning proprietary information, w((o determined by the beensee, whichever is the workers' representative for that ares h
of m f later; ahan cover, withm the penod of shah be an individua! previously author-others of any opuon afforded by this 1
time specified in the request, each calen.
land by the licensee to enter that area.
P"N dar quarter in which the worker's ac.
I
- gg foennel renew.
'" d *'*
tivities involved exposure to radiation
$ 19.17 Inspections not warranteds in.
from radioactive materials licensed by the Commission; and shan include the (a) Commission inspectors may con-(a) If the Director of Inspect on and Enforce dates and locauons of beensed activities sult privately with workers concerning rnent or of the appropnate Regional in which the worker partacipated during matters of occupational radlauon protec-Of5ce determines, with respect to a com.
this period.
tion and other matters related to ap-plaint under i19.16 that an inspection j
(di When a licensee is required pur.
plicable provisions of Commiuion regu.
is not warranted because there are no suant to i 20.405 or i 20 408 of this chap.
lauons and beenses to the extent the in-reasonable grounds to believe that a vio-ter to report to the Commission any ex.
spectors deem necessary for the conduct lation exists or has occurred, he shau no-posure of an individual to radiation or of an efective and thorough inspection.
tify the complainant in writing of such radioactive material the beensee shall (b) During the course of an inspection determination. '111e complainant may also provide the individual a report on any worker may bMng privately to the obtain review of such determination by his exposure data included therein. Such attention of the inspectors, either orally submitting a written statement of post-AprH 30,1975 19-2
Appendix II. (continued)
PART 19 e NOTICES, INSTRUCTIONS, AND REPORTS TO WORKERS: INSPECTIONS tme with the Execuerve Dueceor for Operations, discr9minmuan under any program or ac-U.S. Necisar Reguissory O)mmismon wasamas-tivity Isean==d by the Nuclear Regulatory s.
son, DC 20$$5 who will provide the basasse r'am-na=ian '21ds provtston will be en.
with a copy of such statement by certa. % forced through agency provisions and Sed mall, excluding at tDe request of the rules almilar to those already estahltahad comaplaanant, the name of the==P ata ea with respect to racial and other disertm.
l ant. '2be licensee naar subenit an oppos-S inas.ian under title VI of the Civtl Rights kig wrttaen statement of position with S Act of 1964. This remedy is not exclu-the Execuove Ihsuctor for Cc__
who will sive, however, and will not prejudice or psovide the somplaimant with a copy of such cut off any other legal remedies avmH-seneemens by certmed mail Upon the sugeest able to a discriadnatee.
of the comptesmant, the Esecutsve Derector for
(
- or he desgnse may hold an informal conference in wtuch the complainant and the 11-may ormuy present their views. An informal conference may also be held at the re-E quest of the licensee, but diariam've of the N Adentity of the oosnplainant will be made g only following receipt of written author =
h-tantion from the aamplainant. After con-R 11dering all written and oral views pre.
senee( the Execuerve Duector for Opersoons shall afrain, modify, or reverse the deserunne-non of the Duector of laspecnoa and Enforce-meet or of the appsopriate Regenal OiLee and furnish the complainant and the Ihnensee a written nottftent. tan of his ataeistari and the reason therefor.
(b) If the Duector of laspoenos and Emforce-ment or of the appsopnase Itappons!
OfDee determines that an inspection is j
not warranted haeanaa the requircuments of I 19.18(a) have not been met he shall notify the cosaplainant in writing of such deter-tnanan. Such determinattan shall be without prejudlee to the Altng of a new complatnt meeting the require-
_anents of i 19.18(a).
(
$ 19.30 Vielstions.
k An injunction or other court order may a be obtained p ohibiting any violation of K any provtalon of the Act or Title II of
' the Energy Reorganisation Act of 1974 E or any regulatnen or order issued there-
{under.
l A court
~
or19er may be obtained for the payment of a civil penalty impanad pursuant to anotion 234 of the Act for violation of sec-tacut 63. St. 82. 83. St. 82,101.103,104 107, or 100 of the Act or any rule, regula-tion, or order issued thervsmder, or any term. canditaan or tsunitation of any 11 cense issued thereunder, or for any flo-lation for which a lleense may be revoked under sectaan 108 of the Act. Any person who willfully violates any provtsten of 4
{ the Act or any regulatlan or order issued j
e= thereunder may be guDty of a crtune and.
( upon convictkm, may be punished by Sne g or impriaa="naat or both, as provided by law.
$ 19.31 Appliestian for eueimpelema.
' Ige r%=minaian may upon applica-tien by any Itannama or upon its own in-ttaative, grant such esemptaons from the j
requiremments of the regulations in this part as it determines are authortsed by law and v111 not result in sedue hasard
, to life or property
~ 19.32 Dieerlednation prehlbited.
I No person shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation in, be de-naed the beneSta of, or be subjected to t
i 1
19-3 April 30,1975 i
l I
O Appendix III.
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES and REGULATIONS s.
TIT 11 te. C04AmR 1. CODE OF PEDERAL REOULAT900s8-Esegmey PART STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION 20 EXCEPTIONS AND ADDITION AL REQUIRE-blENTS CENER AL FMOVlWONS gasste set fort la thle part, make stry 2 0.s01 Aephantoons for esemptions.
s=aaapahna eBart h annantam redisson 20.502 Additional regierements, and h W h e 20.2 Scope.
ENFORCEMENT materiais in hts to ahmetrtened 20.2 Defindens h"7he term "as low as is ymmannahh am, as ReprF as k rummammhly achhvable.
20.e Unass of :adiatsun dose.
20.601 Veohtions 20.5 Units of redioactivitt.
20.6 Inserpretatsuns.
Appemen A-[Ramervedl g achievable" m as low as k m.
g 20.7 Communeesteuns.
Appeness B-Oneensrations in air and.eter a. abW M Maag 3500 eseget the show notwel becteround.
l, ette of a=4manen, and the openemies of PERMISSleLF DOSFS. LEVELS. AND Appendes C.
' ha3Irtpoemente in relaties to hensets to CONCENTit ATIONS Appenden D-United mates Neclear Repas.
ene public hasJth and safety, and seer tory Ommuseon lassection and e.n*
eccietal and seietamaamaante m.
20.00 Es ur i
to rodie-forcemment Regional Dfreces.
Mene and k relation 2 h MM 20.802 De reenatsun of scremebeted
[,,
R[,(T)ry e stamic meg, h time public htemt.
as of 8 g l0 WEtTC'Ea",y,e ';ygc"ia.
22 st i =. s --
"r,="ns-' *rt':'."t*
""r.n
'ede' s
- in>;4g,2g..h,
=
re,tr,ctee.re.s.
n,e,.aueno a mis part ap,w.
20.los Espusure of msnuts.
2272 $s$ 20.e06 20.409, moved inndee sec.
E SII persons who receive, pensus. me. Or 20305 Permosable levels of radiasma in t6l u e Sat. 950, as amended.e2 U.S.C.
- transfer malertal ineenmad pursuant to 20J06 Ka a ty en off wents to unre.
h,0t 6
6. a he regulations 2 Parte M through 35, C
stricted areas.
' 40. Or 70 of this chapter. Including Iser.
20J07 bdedscal tegnoess sad therapy.
g 20.1 Peepene.
q, Bons licensed to operate a production or 20J0s Orders requasng fwashing of beu-Wh hhhMg ut111mt10n fac1Mty pursuant to Part to 1 limb standards for protection against yg.
Of Mas Chapter.
PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES
, diat10n hasartis arising Out of acts, lues g under innename imued by the Fluclear Rg.
M.3 DeGalsh
. 2 et essannutes.
ulatory COcunissiOC and are luned pur.
IaI As M M EU M 20.202 Cavievn segns. htels, signsk. and I suant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1964
@ N' " E' A austrols.
20,20e Some; enceptions.
as amended.ed the EneNF N*
Act W 1964 (# Stat. 919) Sachadtag aa2 a===** thmeto.
20.205 procedwee vor peckm up. rece6v*
1100 Act of 1974.
s (3) =Altterne radieneWTe matsta!"
ins, and openang pechases.
=
hin
"";m",7.termis " ""fte d 7:dlo
- e
- = = ef = e e m m e = a rmi -
e ted so- - = =dhusa =i -
= ihe ur m e fe m a emis. fi=es.
,o.
o m
WASTE DISPOSAL by the hen-saa le not asbjeet to the m ais.,apora...asse:
,s.3) " Byproduct materh!" mon.as ear
(
res*asas === nrt. m.m=
h.$2 d fo$b's sperovst of the purpme of he N M tio eae.,e mate,h tems,t spe al an.
elear matertaD Fleided la er made re-a i
peupond esposal prncedwes.
. part to esatral the posesselseL ties, and disastive by espesure W the reestion i
20.202 unsposai by reiesn mio seminary l l trabster of Elemmed Etaterial hF ARP U*
holdest W Me presem W predestas er emer e systems.
, esasse la such a manner that espesure utSimas epsetal suelear potertal 20.20e Desposet er twist en suit.
in to such matelal and to radhum fra Tre,eynt er espuest by meinere.
such matarla!. whom added h spesures
" (4) "Celgadar guarter" mesmo met Ian 20.205 to anh===ad ramenstive materh! and taa 13 sensecueve weehe apr meet Whan i
RECORDS. REPORTS, AND NOTIFICATION to other anhan==d seEreme of radiation 14 esasseusve weeks. '!he $rst sales 0hr in the peessantes of the temeneie. and to guarter of each year salt hagia la Janu.
20.401 Records of surw s.
astoon men.
radauen m dem met mesed he try W mt m guartme oYtheft or auss' of boenned senadards of =diatten pateetles sp-enan to end that no dar h haluded ta 20.402 tie meteew1.
sorted la the regulatisas ht this part. g more man one salendar guarter er so.ee2 Nottrbeations of emeddents.
=
- a. emitted frame asiaales withis a salsedar 20.aos
-',',,w.s.?r:n.ed.t.',;,s. f_ &= = me >=dus=== os=en.
(thew'wd) to) En asserdamse steh r===""- 1! quarter IIe assesse shall abaase the
==
ee.
mamed me ed = mm e======
20.46e 1R -rvedi 2 approud W to Mt. poems =*
saladar guartere meet at the M 20.e07 personnel espasure end sunnitoring g pged R 6 abda llames M W a Saladar Fear.
epuns.
fp,as numerm. har,ommmmmm.
20.ec t su Q
,Q,,e, on, w
uruunas to the Atomic knergy Act of
"(5) *Q>mmismon" monas,the Nuclear Itage.
p
. ors.
o 29*** as===ded. =d me amar me-
,,,, o,,,,,,,,,,,, y u t oom i
20.404 pestefacetions and repurss so toe.
erptten Act of 1974 abould. M ad.
]
seden ts.
GIMmLto e 6 wtSh he3e W =
1 1
f asa Deesmher 26.1975 i
i i
O O
Annendix III. (continued)
PART 20 e STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION (6) "Oovernment agency" means any ulaunca in this part, any of the follow.
executive department. cmmluton. inde k p e n d e n t estabushment. corporsuon.' yls
,c 1r4 is considered to be equivalent to a g g o
re o a uran dose of one rm r;um er c. any co nbmation thereof.
whouy or partly owned by the United 5 Source matanal does not melude special (1) A does of 1 r due to Z-or gamma States of America which is an instru%
radiation:
mentality of the Culted States, or any* wiest matend (2) A dose of 1 rad due to X. tamma.
board. bureau. camion. sernee. omee.
or beta ra e uon; QScer, author'.ty, mAm?ntrtration, or (16) "Special nucJear material" m**a' (3) A dose of 0.1 rad due to neutrons other establishment in the execuute (D plutonium, uranium 233. uranium or high energy protons; branch of the Government;
, eartched in the isotope 233 or in the tao.
(4) A dose of 0.05 rad due to particles
" Individual" means any humangtope 235. and any other material which heavier than protons and with suScient (7) the Commhaion, pursuant to the.proft-energy to reach the lens of the eye; being; (8 e "I tcensed material" means source { sions of section 51 of the act. determinas If it is more eenvenient to measure the material. special nuclear mater.al. or by-clo be special nuclear material, but does neutron Suz. or equivalent, than to de-
,# product materist received, possessed.r'not include source material; or (1D an7 term!ne the neutron dose in rada, as 9 used or transferred t'nder a general or material aMdally enriched by any of provided in subparagraph (3) of this E speciSc Ucense issued by the Commission the foregoing but does not include soum paragraph, one tem of neutron radiation pursuant to the regulations in this material; may. for purpoons of the neulauons in S chapter; p t17) " Unrestricted ans" means any to le mEMon neutrons per equare centi-this part. be assumed to be equinlent (9) " License" means a heense issued under the regulations in Part 30. 40 ork area access to which is not contreued by meter incident upon the body; or. If the licensee for purposes of protecuon of then exista sumcient information to esti-70 of this chapter. " Licensee" means; andviduals fran exposun to md ation mate with reasonable acemey the ap-the holder of such lleense'*
w (10s " Occupational dose" Includes ex-R and radioactive matenals, and any area p oximate distribution in energy of the uned for residential quarters, neutrons, the incident number of neu.
posure of an individual to radiation aD L In a rest-teted area; or '1D in the course 5 trons per squan contimter eqmalent of employment in which the individual's!"
(ISI " Administration' means the En.g to one tem my be esttmtad from the provided. that occupational dose" shallt 1stration or its duly authorized repre-w{ foDowing tac duties involve exposure to radiation:S ergy Research and Development Admin-Narrman hes Doms gemuarve not be deemed to include any exposure; sentatives.
g of an individual to radiation for the pur.*
Nambe of A *uurt pose of medical diagnosis or medicalD T7 e,*aYun and phrmaea as cand In *.his part are set
%. ant therapy of such individual.
@ De3nitions of certab other words y,an..,rr (W')
muann m ecom e nears (11) " Person" means (1 any indi.
forth in other escums. including:
"J,,T,,f,',@
~
vidual, corporation, partnership. firm.
(1) "Alrborne radiometivity ans" de-o - m9 association trust. estate pubhc or pri.
Saad in l M03; vate institution, group. Government (2) "Radlaum ana" and "high radt-w mp si agency other than the Commission or the suon ana" deAnad !n i 20.202-p
,Nyy Admmistration sexcept that the Admin.
(3) "Pemnnel mnnoMag equipment" og nex p se 8
istrauon shall be considered a person defined in l 20.202; g
gg
% within the meaning of the regulations in (4) *8urter" denned in i 20.201; 14.
mxp is E this part to the extent that its facilities (5) Units of menranment of dose trad, y
gp g
z and activities are sub)ect to the beensing rem) defined in i 30.4; si se x p n
(8) Unna of measumment of radio-y and related regulatory authority of the
@ Commission pursuant to section 202 of act1rity defined in i 20.5.
30 g the Energy Reorganir.ation Act of 1974 8 30.4 Units of radiaties dese.
@ N de exmm M w 188 Stat.1244 ), any State, any foreign (a) " Dose." as used in this part. ls the ganma rays up to 3 W. W h M government or nation or any political quantity of rad!ation absorbed per unit subdivtston of any such government or of mass. by the body or by any isortion of spech in H M12 MW inch, may be assumed to be equivalent to the nation. or other entity; and (11) any the body. Men the regulauens 2 this
" air dose". N W purpm of mis part legal successor, representative, agent, or part specify a does during a period of
- air dm* mans that W dm is mens-
"" agency of the foregoing.
2 time, the done means the total quantity
$ of redlauon absorbed, per udt of man, ured by a properly calibrated appropriate (12I "Radlauen" means any or all of instrument in air at or near the body sur-the foDowing: alpha rays beta rays.*e by me body or by any portion d me face in the regnon of highest dosage rate.
body durmg such pertad W um. Several
= gamma rays X-rays, neutrons, hisb-R direrent udts of done are in curnnt ans.
'- 20.5 Umats of vedasectMey*
h speed electrons, high-speed protons, and DeAntuons W units as used in tMs part (a) Radioactivity is commonly, and other atomic particles: but not sound are set f@ in paragraphs (b) and (c) g or radio waves, or visible infrared, or for purposes of the regulations in this w
M this escuac, part shall be, measured in terms of dis-g ultraviolet Ught; m md. as und in 21s part,is a T intermuons per unit ume or in curies.
113) " Radioactive material" includes any such material whether or not subPcs measun of the dose of anylon1 sing ndi-k One cune=3.7x10" disintegrations per to ucensing control by the Commtutan, ation to body tissues In terms of the second (dpe> =2.2x10" disintegrauons energy absorbed per unit inass of the f per minute (dpm). rwmmnnly used sub-j G42 'Motricted area" means any tissue. One red is the dose
.-4 g multiples of the curie are the mmteurne l aram access to which is ocotrolled by the ing to the absorption of 10J ergs per gram and the microcurte:
a tsaan==* for purpasse of protecuan of of tiesne. (One m1Bired Unrad)==3.001 (1) One millicurie (mCD '=0.001 curta k indificiuals from exposure to radiatacu rad.)
(CD '=3.7x10' dps.
-- and mdioactive mtarials. " Restricted (e) Die rum, as used in this part. Is (2) One microcurie (,CD 'a=0.000001
$ ans" shan not inclu& any areas used a measure of the dess of any ketuing curte=3.7x10* dps.
as m1dencal quarters, alhugh a sepa-radiation to body tamus In ternas of $ts
=
e
" rate room or rooms in a residential estansted biological etect relative to a buildtne mar be set apart as a restricted done of one roentgen (r) of X-rays. (One "N* ;
m1111 rem (mren) =0.001 rom.) 'Dne fala-IA*" *
~
mbere, r poen*. the appropnate unit (156 " source material" means (1) ponds the bio!ogical efect aboula to wmsen out as "eunsas).- atuu.
urantum or thonum. or anr combina.
consideration and upon the conditions of euneia). or "nuerneurmis)." and the abh tion thereof. In anr phrsical or chemical irradianon. Por the purpose of the 24 vinssona amould not be unse.
form, or fun cres ahach centain by November 14,1975 20-2
0
. 0 PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION (b) IDeleted 40 FR 50704.]
accuon. provided:
ceamssa a cahan n (1) During any calendar quarter the m,
Amamed.
dose to the whole body from radioactive 3' ess==m espose M IDelesed M FR 2M904 material and other sources of radaation 8' P'"#*d?
k g *" 8'f g "
s in the bcensee's paamaaston shall not ex -
eueners euenm esed 3 rems; and E
sa'r **
ten mns ta (2) The dose to the whole body. when J.7 *Ysin added to the accumulated occupationalE dese to the whole body, shall not exceed wm m.eI=.
m m
5 (N-18) rems where "N** equais the in-assne h =d ns dividual's age in. years at bl.1 ast hirth,.
@,7 ""' '"**
day: and De licensee has desertained thelI (3)
Individual's accumulated occupauonal4 (2) he beensee shan retain and pre-done ao the whole body on Fonn NRC 4, or serve ncords used in preparing Form a
on a ceent and legib6e record eontan-E NRC-4 until the Can mis. tion authonses ing a*1 the information required in that, their disposition.
form; and has otherwise comphed with the requirements of l 20.102. As used in calculation of the individual's ac-paragraph (b) " Dose to the whole body" 3 cumulated occupational dose for all shan be deemed to include any dose to g pedods prior to January 1.1961 yields 20.6 Interpretations.
the whole body. sonada, active blood - a result higher than the apphcable ac.
Except as specifically authorised by forming organs, head and trunk. or lens E eumulated dose value for the individual y the Commiacon in writing, no interpreta.
of eye.
as of that date, as specified in paragraph
- tion of the meaning of the regulations in l 20.102 Decemination of accusmulated (b) of I 20.101. the excess may be disre.
E this part by any ofBeer or employee of dese.
gart>d.
the Commtazion other than a written in' (a) This esction contains require-I 30.103 Exposure of individuals to can.
2 terpretation by the General Cocael will ments which must be satisoed by be recognised to be binding upon the beensees who propose. pursuant to pers-
$"a[inr[t ted eres
- Commission.
graph (b) of I 20.101, to permit individ-uals in a netMeted ana to receive ex.
(a)(1) No licensee sh&B possess use.
l
$ 20.7 Corarnanications.
posure to radiation in excess of the limits e transfer licensed material in such a Except where otherwise specified in, specified in paragraph tal of l 20.101.
manner as to permit any individual in a this part, au communications and re -
(b) Before permitting any individuaj restricted area to inhale a quantity of
, ports concerning the regulations in this b in a restricted area to neelve exposun radioacUM mateMal in any peMod of O part should be addressed to the Execu.E to radiation in excess of the limits spec.
one calendar quarter greater than the
tive Director for Operations. U.S Nu? ified in paragraph ta) of I 20.101. each guantity which would result from Inha.
' clear Regulatory Commisalon. Washing.N heensee shall:
g g2n fw M hours per week fw 13
- eeks E
- 0) Obtain a certmcate on Fonn NRC-4, or c. at unifortc concentradons of radionettve
~
ton D.C. 20555. Communications re.
r!al in air spec! fled in Appendix B.
in ports, and appucations may be deNered on a casar and leyble record i
in person at the Commission's'emees at containing all the information required [
e I. Column 1.
If the radionettve
~~
in that form signed by the individual terial is of such form that intr.ke by 1717 H 8treet NW.. Washington D C.; or showing each pedod of time after the ; divl ual exposures to radioactive at 7920 Norfolk Avenue.Bethesda. Mary.
individual attained the age of 18 in whi".h land' the individual receiv3d an occupational tial shaU be controlled so that the up.
)
~
'
- puesnamen.s Desma, tavusa, amo dose of radiation; and e of radioacUM mateMal by any or-(2) Chiculste on Form NRC 4 in sceo,g.
gan froen either inhalation or absorption C
E 20.101 Empmeere of individuals to es.
esce with the instrucuons appear,.
or both routes of intake"in any calen.
diation in resaracted areas.
Ing therein. or on a clear and legible dar quarter does not exceed that which record containing au the information would result from fnhattr.g such radio-tal Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no hcenace shall required in that form. the previously ac-active material for 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> per week for possess use, or transfer beensed mate.
cumulates occupational dose received by 13 weeks at uniform concentratices spec.
rial in such a manner as to cause any the individual and the additional dose ifled in Appendix B. Table I. Column 1.
1sdividualin a restMcted area to receive sUowed for that individual under (2) No.acensee shad possess. use. or transfer mixtures of U-234. U-235. and i 20101(b)'e preparation of Form NRC 4, in any period of one calendar quarter (c)d) la th from radioactive material and other g
or a cimar and lophte record con.
g sources of radiation 1n the Ucensee's pos.
W au me information nedred in g session a dose in excess of the halts
, etace the ooneentration spectaed for trit-that fortn. the beensee shau make a na*
i m specified in the foDowing table:
sum czade vapor assumes equal intakes by sonable effort to obtain reports of the akta absorpuon and inhalauon. the total A*'** per esiender guerter individual's previously accumulated oc.
Intake permitted la twice that which would i
l
- 1. Whole body; heed and trusk; nettve cupational done. Por each period for result from Inhalauon alone at the concen.
blood-forming organs; lens of which the tie *=e obtains such reports.
tration spec 18ed for B 3 8 in Appendia B.
eres. or sonada................. 1%
the beensee shall use the dose shown in hele 1. Colm 1 for to hours per wt for 3 manos and forearms feet and the report in preparing the form. In U,w ks.
1 No i
a main YEde'Ey'.~.'.~.~.'.'.'.2~'".
any case when a heensee is unaW 2 Su in of e b obtain reports of the individual's occu-the concentration emaue spectaed as bened ab) A Deensee may perir.it an indl.
pattocal dose for a previous complete upon orposure to the matenal na an esternal vidual in a restricted area to receive a enlendar quarter. It shall be assumed radiation source. Individual espesures to dose to the whole body greater than that that the individual has received the oe.
these matertala may be accounted for as part permitted under paragraph tal of this Cupational dose speciSed in whichever or the limitauon on todmdual dame in I Riol h matenals shan be suMeet to of the following columna apply:
the precautionary procedures required by 1
lmtb)(3).
k {d in Append!r B. hble 1 column 1 by Multiply
- the concentration values spect.
Se SJ X lo' m1 to obtain the quarterly quantity limit.
- Amended 36 FR 1466.
Footnotes 4 and 5 on pase 20 4.
' Amended 42 FR 20t 3s.
20-3 April 28.1977
(,b t
8 V
U PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION U-238 in soluble form in such a manner procedures. such as increased survell-320.108 Espo.ure of minors.
as to permit any mdividual m a restricted lance, lunitation of working times or area toinhale a quantity of such maternal provision of respiratory protective equip.
in excess of the mtake hmats specified in ment shall be used to mamtain intake transfer licensed matenal in such a Appendix B. Table 1. Column 1 of this of radioactive material by any Individ-manner as to cause any mdividual withm part If ruch soluDie uranium is of a form ual ulthm any period cf seven consee, a restricted area who is under 18 years such that aDsorpuen tnrougn the skm is utive days as far below that antake of of age. to m1ve m any penod of one uke]>. Andnadual exposures to such ma-radioactive material which would result calendar quarter from radioactive naa-terial shall oe controllec so that the up-from Inhalation of such maternal for 40,terial and other sources of radiation m take of suen rnaterial by any organ from hours at the uniform concentrations.the licensee s possession a dose m excess either Inhalation or absorption or both specified in Appendix B. Table 1. Col. Sof 10 percent of the limits specified in routes of Intate
- does not exceed that umn 1 as is reasonably achievable. the taDie in paragraph eat of I 20101.
shich ac,uld resu;t from Anhalmg such Whenever the intake of radioactive ma-i., (b1 No beensee shall possess. use or rnaterial at the lunits spec 1 Sed in Ap-tenal by any individual exceeds this 40- gtransfer heensed material in such a pendix B. Table I. Column 1 and footnote hour control measure, the beensee shall manner as to cause any mdavidual 4 thereto.
make such evalutuons and take such withm a restricted area, who is urder 18 (3* For purposes of determinmg com-actions as are necessary to assure years of age to be exposed to airborne phance ulth tne requirements of tnis see. agamst recurrence. The licensee shall radioactive material possessed by the tion the licensee shall use suitable meas-mamtam records of such occurrences.
licensee m an average concentration in urements cf concentrations of radioae-evaluations, and actions taken in a clear excess of the hmats specified in Appendix Live materials in air for detecting and and readily ident1 Sable form suitable B. Table II of this part. For purposes evaluating alrDorne radioactnity m re-for summary revles and evaluation.
of this paragraph. Concentrauons ma/
stricted areas and in addition as appro-aci When respiratory protective be averaged over periods not greater priate, shall use measurements of radio-equipment is used to hmit the inhala-
.t,,han a m eek.
activity in the body. measurements of tion of airborne radioactive material r- (ci The provisions of Il 20103rbi f 2) radioactivity excreted from the body, or pursuant to paragraph (bir2s of this ;
any combination of such measurements g as may be necessary for timely detection section, the lleensee may make allow, %snd 20.103 sci shall apply to exposures ance for such use in estimatmg expo msubject to paragraph abi of this section and assessment of mdividual mtakes of sures of mdividuals to such materials mexcept that the references in ll 20.103 nm radioactivity by exposed Individuals. It provided that such equipment is used g abi s2i and 20.103 e c t to Appendix B.
{ is assumed that an individual inhales as stipulated in Regulatory Guide 815.
Table I. Column I shall be deemed to be
- centration in which he is present unless 2 Protection."* radioactive material at the airborne con-8" Acceptable references to Appendix B. Table II Col-r uan to pa r h e of this sec.
and e of th1 etion tion % hen assessment of a particular
- paragraphs Commission may impose further Individual's intake of radioactive ma **the#
tai There may be meluded m any ap.
terial as necessary. intakes less than those which would result from Inhalation for sli On the extent to which a heensee plicatleta for a license or for amendment 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> in any one day or for 10 hours1.157407e-4 days <br />0.00278 hours <br />1.653439e-5 weeks <br />3.805e-6 months <br /> may make aUowance for use of mpira-cf a heense proposed hmits upon levels in any one seek at uniform concentra-tors in lieu of provision of process. con-of radiation m unrestricted areas result-tions spec 1 Sed in Appendix B. Table I.
tamment. ventilation. or other engineer-Ing from the applicant's possession or Column 1 need not be included in such Ing controls. if application of such con-use of rad;oacuve material and other sources of radiation. Such apphcations assessment. provided that for any assess.
trols is found to be practicable, and thould melude mformation as to anticl-ment in excess of these amounts the en-
<25 As might be necessary to assure pated average radiation levels and an-tare amount is tncluded that the respiratory protective program tacipated occupancy times for each (bi fli The licensee shall. as a precau-of the licensee is adequate tn limiting unrestricted area involved. The Com-tionary procedure. use process or other exposures of personnel to airborne Ts.
mission mill approve the proposed limits engineering controls. to the extent prac-dioactive materials.
If the appbcant demonstrates that the t1 cable. to limit concentrations of radio-ee* The beensee sha!! notify. in writ-active materials in air to levels belon Ing. the Director of the appropriate Nu*,* proposed limits are not likely to cause 1
those which delimit an airborne radio-clear Regulatory Commission Inspection h any individual to receive a dose to the shole body m any period of one calendar j
activity area as deSned m i 20 2038diII) and Enforcement Regional Office hsted m Appendix D at least 30 days before the
- year m excess of 0.5 rem e
' lli -
ib) Except as authorized by the Com.
(2i When it is impracticable to apply date that respiratory protective equip
- C mission pursuant to paragraph tal of process or other engmeering controls to ment is Srst used under the provisions this section. no hcensee shall possess. use hmit concentrations of radioactive ma-of this section.
or transfer licensed material in such a terial m air below those defined in efi A 11censee who was authorised to ms'iner as to create in any unrestricted
[
l 20.203'diill e ui, other precautionary rnake aUowanee for use of respiratory area from radioactive maternal and other j
protective eculpment prior to Decem-sources of radiation in his possession:
ber 29. 1976 shSll bring his respira*
(1) Radiation levels which. !! an mdi-
' SlentP.eant intake by tagestion or infee-tory protective program into conform-vidual were continuously present m the tion is presumed to occur onar as a resu:t of ance with the requirements of para-area, could result in his receivmg a dose etreumstances such as seendent. tnadvertence, graph #ci of this section within one in excess of two milhrems in any one Door procedure. or simnar special condttions Such intakes must be evaluated and ae-year of that date, and is exempt from hour. or counted for by techniques and procedures as the requirement of paragraph (en of
'2' Radiation leve,4s which. if an mda-mar be appropriate to the etreumstances of this section.
vidual were continuously present in the the occurrence Exoosures so evaluated shall area. could result in his receivmg a dose be sneiuaed in determining whether the limitation on individual exposures in a 30 -
in excess of 100 milhrems in any seven lo3isi o i has been eseceded consecutive days.
' Reeulatory guidance on assessment of r* 20.106 Radioactivity in,eMisenta i
individual intakes of radioactive maternal le I
as elven in Reeutatorv Ouide a 9. " Acceptable
- This incorocration by reference provi* g sarenteiesad arena.
i Conceats Modeis Eaustions and Assump-sion was soproved by the Director cf the Fed.,,
I tmne for a Blossant Procram/* sinaw copies copies of Re1rulatory Outde 813 are available { of trvnsfee Begnaed material amaa to re-eral Regtster on October 19. 1976 Single gay 4 ljcanese ahtl1 not passens, use.
or whten are avanable from the omee of m
Stands US Muenear Reeu-from the Omce of Standards Deveio-ment.
Interr c'd* Develonment lease to an tarsstricWd arp radiosclM ommission Washincton. D C. 20855 U S Piuclear Reeulatory Commi,aton Wash-m - O h 6 ensand upon written request taston. D C sos 85 upon written request l
I December 31.1976 204 i
(nemt page es 20 s al l
l
Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION the timais specia d in are-m
-3.,
reea the semanntration of remonusudes s
Table II of thas part, ensept as authonsed in eAuseas pner to tasar ralmaae.
pursuant to 130.303 or paragraph (b) of (d) Por the purposes of this eastaan this asseon Per purpenas of this eso.
the sensentratten thates la Appendtz *3,
tion consentranaam may be averaged over Table II of this part sha21 esply at the a parted not greater taas one year.
boundary of the restMcted ' area. 'the (b) An appliantion for a lleense or eencontrataan of radioactive anatartal
===~t= ant may Include proposed Isaalta discharged through a stack page er atm.
higher than these apostSed in para.
Star sandel&.may be desarmined wtte graph (a) of this asesion. 'Ibe Commas, respect to the point where the saatanal man will approve the propoemd lammats leaves the seethat. If the conduit die.
If the applasant desacastrates.
charves within the restnoted area, the (1) That the armhaa" has made a aaaa=**stsen at the boundary enay be reasonable eSort to mininume the radio.
determiand by applytng appropriate to un. 2 actors for dilution, ansperaton. or $sonir f
asuvity contained in annanta restricted areas: and b
'nnat it la not likely that radio. 3 etween the point of diacharge and the
- boundary, (2) active materiardischarged In the eSuent z (e) 2n addluon to limiting man *an.
would result in the exposure of an ind3 6 trations in eSuent streams, the Cent.
vidual to annnentrations of radioacuve g Inasaton saay tamit quant;ues of radio.
maternal n air or water eneoeding the acute amaternals relenaed in air or water limits spec 1Aed in Append 1a "B", Table durtng a ap=Miled persed of tanne if it IIof this part.
appears that the daily antake of radio.
(c) An application for higher limits acute maternal fresa air, water. or food pursuant to paragraph (b) of this anc.
by a su3 table sample of an esposed pop.
taca shall include informados demon.
ulation gToup. averaged over a period struung that the appucent has made a mot exceeding one year. would otherw'v:
reasonable efort to m'aimt=* the radio.
smaced the daily intake resultang 1sena acuvity discharged in eSuents to unre.
emnetnuous exposure to a&r or water aun.
stnoted areas, asad shall teclude as Adudas one-third the soneentrataan of
- perunant, endnoacuve materials spectaed in Ap.
(1) Informataan as to Sow rates, total pendix "3", Table II of this part.
volume of eSuent, peak consen: cation of (f) The prownstons of this sectaan do each radlonuclide in the reuent. and can.
not apply to dispcaal of radioacuve ma.
eentrataca of each radionuclide in the ternal into annitary sewermee systems,
_ hich is governed by 8 20.303 w
eSuent averaged over a period of one year at the potat where the eBurnt leaves i 20.107 Medical diaan
- 4. and ll.erapy.
g a stack, tube pipe, or almilar condutt; (2) A desertpuan of the properties of Nothing in the regulations in this part g the eSuents, including:
- shall be interpreted as hmiting the an.
(un phraical characteriales, tncluding {tentional exposure of patients to radia-til chesnica:eempositaen:
z
-Mon for the purpose of medical diagnosis m
2 ouspended souds content in ligskt eSu. E or medical therapy.
6 ents, and nature of gas or aerosol for air eeuenta:
g l 20.108 Orders requiring furnishing of (111 1 the hydrogen lon consentrations b6e assar eersiees.
(p") of laguld eSuents; and Where necessary or desirable in order (17) the stae range of peruculates in to aid in determming the extent of an i
edluents released laso air.
(3) A desertpuen of time amen,6paamd j
human oceupancy in the unrestneemd area where the highest cenasnarnuen of raAlanMve Ima4Ertal front the eSumt is "P"m ad and. In the case of a river or
)
erTem. a desertation of water uses down.
stream from the potat of release of the l
seuent.
(4) Inforenataast as to the highest sea.
eentratiert et each radionuclide in an unrestricted area, including manuspneed sonountrauens averaged over a parted of one year:
(1) In air at any point of human oe.
supamey;or (11) In water at pointa of use down.
s stream frge the point of releast of the j
eeuent.
(5) 'Ibe background eensentration et 1
radaanuchess la the reestvtas river er l
Areasst prior to the rensame of liquid eeuent.
1 (6) A desertpuen of the anytrs=manaat monitortng equipement, tac 2ndang senat.
i tivity of the syetamt. and proemdures and omiculations to deternalne eencontrations of radaanuclides in the unrestncted area and amedble reenneantrauma of radio, ancades.
w (7) A dameripuon of the waste treat.
sment facGlues and preesdures used to 1
i 20+
o ernber31,is7strosett o...
e.
- ree, i
1
O O
Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION individual's exposure to concentrations - (a) General. (1) Except as otherwise quired, with positive control over each Individual ent 7.
of radioactive rnaterial, the Commission authorized by the Commmion, sym-may incorporata appropriate provisions bols prescribed by this section shah use (3) The controla required by subpart-in any license, directing the licensee to the conventional radiation caution colors graph (2) of this paragraph shall be make avanaQle to the individual appro-(magenta or purple on yeDow back-a e
suc w
priate bio-assay services and to furnish ground). The symbol prescribed by this p
df leaMng Wh racauon area a
y the reports e'such services to Mon 1s the conventional three-bladed In W p of a h!sh radiation 18 8,*
ares estabushed for a period of 30 days Pascarrzonany Paocrnraza R's 4m susca or less direct survenlance to prevent un-l 20.201 Survers.
- 1. cue hatched area is a he anagenu or, authorized entry may be subsututed for e
part. "surves,in the regulations in this Y h h g*f (a) As used is to be renow.
paragra means an evaluation of the radiation hazards incident to the pro-(5) Any licensee, or applicant for a duction, use, release. disposal, or pres.
[ go g
p M,"f$IF C
ethods not
.lu ence of radioactive materials or other sources of radiation under a specific set subparagraphs (2) and (4) of this para-cf conditions. When appropriate such graph for controlung access to high rac-anon areas. The Commission wul Evaluation includes a physical survey of V
9 approve the proposed alternatives if the s
0 the location of meterials and equipment.
N bcensee or applicant demonstrates that end measurements of iert!z of radiation the alternative methods of control will cr concentrations of radioactive material prevent unauthorised entry into a high present.
N Q
radiation area, and that the requirement (b) Each licensee shall make or cause of subparagraph (3) of this paragraph is to be made such surveys as may be neces-L met.
I eary for him to comply with the regula-8 l
tions in this part.
l
~
(d) Airbome radioceticity creas. (1)
I 20.202 Personnel monitoring.
1 As used in the regulations in this part.
"strborne radioactivity area" means (D (a) Each licensee shall supply appro-I any room, enclosure, or operating area priate personnel monitoring equipment c
g in which airborne radioactive materials, 4
to, and shallyequire the use f.! such
" [.
I composed whcHy or partly of licensed ch in'dividual who enters a re-47* A I
material. exist in concentrations in ex-
- stricted area under such circumstances A y **'
7 cess of the amounts cpecified in Appen-g
/
l dix B Table I Column 1 of this part: or l
2 that he receives, or is likely to receive.
, M/P 8
(u) by room, enclosure, or operating cc a dose in any calendar quarter in excess
- y area in which airborne radioactive mate.
(2) In addition to the contents of s!gns rial composed whony or partly of Ucensed R s ecified in paragraph a) of 2 Ol (2) Each individus1 under 18 years of and labels prescribed in this section, u.
material exists in concentrations which, age who enters a restricted area under censees may provide on or near such averaged over the number of hours in such circumstances that he receives, or signs and labels any additional informs, any week during which individuals are is likely to receive a dose in any calen-tion which may be appropriate in aiding in the area. exceed 25 percent of the dar quarter in excess of 5 percent of indidduals to nN*e exposm to nds.
amounts ecmd in Amnm B.W I.
the applicable value specified in para-ation or to radioactive material.
Column 1 of this part.
graph (a) of 1 20.101 (b) Radiation crecs. Each rad'ation (2) Each airborne radioactivity area (3! Each individual who enters a high area shah be consp!cuously posted with shan be conspicuously posted with a sign radiation area.
a sign or signs bearing the radiation cau.
or signs bearing the md!auen caution (b) As used in this part, tion symbol and the words:
symbol and the words:
(1) " Personnel monitoring equipment" cat"rION 8 cAtTr10N 8 means devices designed to be worn or RADIATION AREA AIRBORNE RADIDACT!TITT AREA entried by an individual for the purpose (c) Rich radiation creas. (1) Each (e) Additionc!reastrements. (1) Each of measuring the dose received (e. g high radiation area shall be conspicu-area or room in which licensed material film badges. pocket chambers, pocket cusly posted with a sign or s!sns bearing is used or stored and which contains any dosimeters, fHm rings, etc.);
the radiation caution symbol and the radioactive material (other than natural (2) " Radiation area" means any area words:
uranim or thorium) in an amount ex-accessible to personnel, in which there' CAUTION '
ceeding 10 times the quantity of such exists radiation, originating in whole or -
N AREA matenal meM in @@ C d M part shan be conspicuously posted with in part within licensed material, at such (2) Each ent*sace or access.>oint to a sign or signs bearing the radiation levels that a major portion of the body a high rad ation area than be:
caution symbol and the words:
c:uld receive in any one hour a dose in (D Equipped with a control de'vice cAtr!'!CN '
cxcess of 5 minirem. or in any 5 con-which shall cause the level of radiation secutive days a dose in excess of 100 to be reduced below that at which an RADIOACTIVE MATEst!AZ,(5) millirems; individual might receive a dose of 100 (2) Each area or room in which nat-(3) "H!gh ractation area" means any p m!i11 rems in I hour upon entry into the ural uranium or thorium is used or crea, accessible to personnel, in which 3 "(11) stcred in an amount exceeding one.
i there exists radiation originating in c:
Equipped with a control device hundred times the quantity specified in i
l whole or in part within heensed mate ' he Amndix C of this part M M N ra e
m i
e a rial at such levels that a major portion $ manner that the individual entering the spicuously posted v2 a sign or h cf the body could receive in any one hour high radiation tres and the licensee or bearing the radiation caution symbol a dose in excess of 100 millirem.
a supervisor of the activity are made and the words:
[
aware of the entry; or cat *nON '
(11D Maintained locked except during RADICACT!YE MAU3ttAUS) l
$ 20.203 Caution signs, labels, signala, pen ds when access to tM area is re.
(f) co tatners. (1) Except as pro-I and controla.
ygded gn subparagraph (3) af this pars-w l
g
. Or Danger graph, each container of licensed mate-e 20-5 April 30,1975 l
l
..m.
._m Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20 e STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION rial shad bear a durable, clearly visible j pauents containing byproduct material days and a total quantity of no more label Idenufying the radioecuts son e provided that there are pereens! in at-than 100 millicurtaa tenta.
g tendance who will take the proosuuons
'the monitarms shall be performed as (2) A label required pursuant to sub g neeenaary to prevent the exposure of any accm as pracuesble after receipt, but no paragraph (1) of this paragraph sha!! w ind!vidual to radiation or radtaaruve later than three hours after the pack-bear the radlauon cauuon synnbol and g material in exoems of the Umats estab-age is rehrived at the licensee's faciuty the words "CAtTTION, RADIOAC"TTVE gushed in the regulauons in this part if received during the beensee's normal MATERIAL" or " DANGER. RADIOAC-working hours or eighteen hours !! re-71VE MA'! TRIAL". It ahall alao provide (c) Caution signs are not Foguired tc cetted after normal working hours.
.nmeient infonnation' to permit in-be posted at areas or rooms containtna (2) If removable radioactive contami.
dividuals handhng or using the con-radioactive materials for periods of leaf nauon in excess of 0.01 microcurses 1Arnars, or wc,rking in the vicinity there-the (22.000 distnteg*anoca per minute) per of, to take precautions to avoid or saint ! than eight hours provided that (1) g snaterials are constantly attended during 100 square cenumeters of package sur-Inise exposures.
such periods by an individual who abaD face is found on the external surf aces of (3) Notwithstanding the provtstons of E take the precauuons r-ry to pre-the package, the beenace shad 1mmedi-subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, e vent the exposure of any individual to stely nottfy the final delivering carrier labeung ts not required h
radiation or radioactive materials in ex-% and, by asiephone and tenegraph, maalgram. or (t) For containers that do not con-eens of the hmits estabushed in the regu-incusmBe,+ the appropnete Nudear Regunstory tain beenmed materials in quant 1ues lauons in this part and: (2) ruch area or Commassmoa inspectaon and Enforcement Re-steater than the appucable quantlues room is subject to the licensee's control geomal Office shoes in Appendix D.
Usted in Appendix C of this part.
2 TamLa ce hanm aars Tm A Quasnns (U) For containers containing only (d) A room or other ares is not re-
, nauaraluraniumorumin quanh,'. guired to be posted with a caution algn, 97 e a'b enanu5!an and control is not required Ior each en-transnan snap $
u no greater than 10 times the appucable,
pomt m a room er other quanudes hated in Appendix C of this 8 mies wb.ich is a high radiation aren solely E
g
) For contMners that do not con-because of the prononce of radioscure g-_
{,i m
a nac P tain beensed materiala in ooncentrauona g materiais prepared for transport and gy i
a greater than the appucable concentra.
packaged and labeled in accordance with of R {vn....
{
g, tions listed in Column 2, Table I. Ap-regulations of the Department
- m. em noiu pendix B of this part-TransportaticsL R W I*
(17) For containers when they are at-
~
g 6 20.203 Pncedores fee picking my, n. *e (c)(1) Each Deem upn nceipt of a tended by an ladividual who takes the package contatrent quanttues of radio-precauticas necessary to prevent the seiring, and opening P*D E acuve material in excess of the Type A rad one tve ma in ex of the (a)(1) Each licensee who expects to quanttues specified in paragraph (b) of limits estabhahed by the regulauona in rece1M a Pada" contaidng quanuuss Els eecuon. er than those ttanspM this part of radioactive Insterial in excess of the by exclusive use vehicle shan monitor tv) For containers when they are in Type A quantlues specified in paragraf.h use radiation levels external to the pack-transport and packaged and labeled in (b) of this section shan; age. 'Ibe package shall be gnonttored as ft) If the package is to be delivered accm as prseticable after receipt, but no accordance with regulataons of the Department of Transportation.
to the Ucensee's facility by the carrier.
later than three hours after the package make arrangements to receive the pack-is received at the licensee's facility if (vi) For containers wtuch are acces-age when it is ot!ered for dehrery by the received during the beensee's normal afble ' only to individuals authertred 84 carrier: or working hours, or 18 hours2.083333e-4 days <br />0.005 hours <br />2.97619e-5 weeks <br />6.849e-6 months <br /> if received handle or use them, or to work in the (U) If the package la to be picked up after normal working hours.
vicinity thereof. provided that the con
- by the beensee at the carrier's terminal.
(2) If radiation levels are found on the tents are identified to such individuals snake arrangements to receive notifica-external surface of the package in exceas by a readny available written record.
tion from the carrier of the arrival of the of 200 minirem per hour, or at three feet (vtil For manufacturtng or process package at the ume of arrival.
from the external surf ace of the package equipment, such as nuclear reactors re*
(2) Each licensee trho picks up a in excess of 10 millirem per hour, actor components, piping, and tanks.
package of radioactive snaternal from a]F the beensee 2
carrter's terminal shad pick up the pack-
$ 20.204 Sanner cicepnons.
O age expeditiously upon receipt of notif1 ;; ahall immediately nott!y by telephone
- and telegraph, mallgram, or facsimile.
cm emuon from the carrter of its arrival. E the director of the appropriate NRC Re.
Notwithstanding the provtstons of O (b>(1) Each beansee, upon receipt of
- A room or area is not required to " a package of radioactive material. aball" gional Otce hated in Appendix D. and
, 4 20 2C3.
e e
the final delivering carrier.
9 (a) c be posted with a caution algn because of $ monitor the external surfaces of the " (di Each Licensee sha!! establish and r
package for rsdioscuve contamman~1E the presence of a sealed source provided caused by leakage of the radioactive con E maintain procedures for safely opening packages in which beensed snaterial is R the radiation level twelve inches froen tents, except:
Packages contamtrir no more than [ received, and shall masure that such pro-the surf ace of the source container or (1) cedures are foDowed and that due con-housing does not exceed five millirem the exempt quantity specified in the g siderauon is stven to specialinstrucuocs per hour-table in this paragraph; for the type of package being opened.
2 (til Packages containing no mere (b) Rooms or other areas in hospitals than 10 milheuries of radioactive mate- {6 242% Instadion of penneg.
are not required to be posted alth cau.
rtal consisting solely of trtuum, carbon n Uon algns. and control of entrance or
- 14. sulfur.35, or lodine-125; R Instructaons required for individuals access thereto pursuant to i 20.203tc) is (18) Packages containing only radio e working in of frequenting any pcrtion of not required. because of the presence of active maternal as gases or in special 6 a restricted area are specified in i 1912 form; Packages contammr ocly radio E of this chapter.
(iv) a-A4 appropriate, tae tSfor1Dation wtil in.
aCuve material in other than 11guld form 6
ciude redsauce levens aines of material. es.
tincluding Wo.99/Te.99m generators) i sunate of acurtty. ante for wtuen acurity as and not exceeding the Type A quanuty estimatee maas wicament. oc' ILmit specified in the table in this pars-
- For emnp'e. eontainers in locauons euch graph: and e
as water aneo canals. esorage vaalts. or mot g,, Packsees containing only radio-
,,,,,. p w.,.m s.,mi so.4 *.fr.
1 nuclides with half lives of less than 30 w arm.mm a.in aowspa
- AmeMed 34 5 R lel46, t Amended 4 3 l it 16441.
April 29.1976 20 6 l
O O
Appendix III- (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION F5 20297Sarsee mara==He of W day does not exceed the larger of sub-which must be maintained pursuant to maasen&s b enreswwand arena, paracachs (1) or (2) of this paragraph:
the provisions of parsgraph (a) of this P
(a) 1,! censed matertah ste ed in an (1) The quantity which. If diluted by section and records c! bloassays,includ-9 t= restricted area shan be secured from the average daily quantity of sewage re-ing results of whole body counting ex-N unauthorized removal frcan the place et lea.ned into the sewer by the Mcensee, aminations, made pursuant to i 20.108.
E azarage.
win result in an average concentration shall be preserved until the Commission (b) LicanaM materials in an unre-equal to the limits spec 1 Sed in Appendix authoMzes dsposign;,
O stricted area and not in storage shan be B. Table I. Column 2 of this part; or (2) Records of the results of surveys tended under the constant survamece (2) Ten times the quantity of such and monito-Mg wtuch must be rnam-
_404 immate.contcol ester hnaa*
mtedal spuM in Ap& C of 2 tained pursuant to paragraph (b) c! this section shan be preserved for two years Wasts DuPoen D&ft! Rad
~
m.fter compleuon of the survey except (c) e quan ty f any I censed or that the fonowing records shan be main.
i 20.301 GeneralM "Iremment.
,.other radioact!ve matenal released in tained until the Ccmmi:;ston authorues No bcensee shau dispone of licensed any one month. if d3uted by the average their disposition: (1s records of the re-material except:
monthly quantity of water released by sults cf surveys to determine comp 11-(a) By transfer to an authorized r'*
the Ucensee, w1:1 not result in an average ance with I 20.103 tat : (11) in the ab-efplent as provided in the regulations in concentration exceeding the limits spec-sence of personnel monitermg data, rec-Part 30. 40, or 70 of this chapter, which-ined in Appendix B. Table I, Column 2 ords of the results of surveys to deter-ever may be applicable; or of th s part; and rnine external radistien dose; and (111) i 20 02 (d) The grosa quantity of Ucensed and records of the results cf surveys used to the sewerage system by the !!censee does,,,[(g3 g,"the enviro other radioactive material released into
<c > As p r o v i d e d in i 20.303 or ent i 20.304. applicable respectively to the
- 3) Records of disposal of !! censed ma-disposal cf utensed material by release not exceed one curie per year-
- tenal made pursuant to il 20.3C2. 20.303, into sanitary sewerage systems or Intrial Excreta from individuals undergoing [ cr 20.304 shall be maintained until the in scil, or in i 20.106 ( Radioacttdty in medical diagnosis or therapy with radio-. Commission authertzes their disposition.
Ements to Unrestricted Areas),
active material than be exempt from *
(4i Records which must be maintained pursuant to this part may be the orts-3 20.302 Method for obtaining appreal any lim!tations contained in this inal or a mroduW copy or urofom of propo ed disposal procedurea.
section.
(a) Any !!censee or apptteant for a if such reproduced ccpy or microform 13 g,icense may apply to the Ccmmission for *$ 20.346 Dwposal by bartal in ooi!. duly authenucated by muthorized person.
-l m3 aM W Wmga b cap o; m-e approval of proposed procedures to dis-h No licensee shall dispose of He*nand ducing a clear and legible copy afte.
Pose of !! censed material in a manner not material by burial in soil unless:
R others1se authonzed in the regulations [ (a) The total quantity of Licensed and storage for he period spec 1 Sed by Com.
mis In this chapter. Each application should gother radioactive materials buried at any 5i U e
confilet between the include a description of the Ucensed mm. one location and time does not exceed, at tertal and any other radioactive material the time of burta!,1.000 times the amount Commission,s regulauons in this part.
license condition or technical specif!-
involved. including the quantitles and spectSed in Appendiz C of this part; and kinds of such material and the levels of (b) Burial is at a minimum depth of C"II0[hr 0
o n
radioactivity involved, and the proposed four feet; and manner and cond!tiens of disposal. The (c) Successive burials are separated by retention period for the same type of d W mm MM w'Mm dis ees 1 t app 3 cation abould also include an anal.
the regulations in this part for such g2 e
records than apply unless the Commis-f ais and evaluation of pertinentinfonna-tion as to the nature of the environment.
I 20.305 Treatment oc diapasal by incia-sion pursuant to i 20.501, has granted a including topographical, geolosteal, me-eretion.
specific exemptien from the record re-teorological, and hydrological character-No lleensee shall treat or d'ispose of tention requirements specified in the licensed matertal by incineration except _Mgulations in this part.
istics; usage of ground and surface saters in the general area: the nature as specificauy approved by the Commis l 20102 Repom af shefe w l of and location of other potentlany a!!ected ston pursuant to il 20.106(b) and 20.302.
g,,.,,,,a
,,,sien d fac!!!ttes; and procedures to be observed a cn..=, aspoers, asro myrtricartosi to wintmire the risk of unexpected or W Each licensee sha" report by hazardous exposures 6 20.401 Records of surveys, radiation telephone and telegraph mailgram, or facam-monitoring, and disposal.
g ile t to the Dweetor of the appropnste Nu-g
[* tb> ne Cormtasion will not approve (a) Each licensee shall ma:ntain rec g dear Ragulatory Commiasson inspecten and g any application for a license to receive ords showmg the radiation exposures of e Ertforcement Repons! Office hsted licensed material from other persons for a!! andtviduals for whom personnel mon.
- M Appendix D. immediately after its oc.
gm disposal on land not owned by the 1toring is required under i 20 202 of the g currence becomes known to the licensee, g Federal government or by a State revuisssons in this part. Such records sha!!
r.ny Icss ci thef t of hcensed matenal in L, government.
be kept on Form NRC-5, m sca>rd-such qur.ntines and under such circum,
~
ance tith the instructions contained in stances that 1 appears to the Ucensee g--
c The Commission st!! not approv g an(y ) pplication for a license f or disposa$
y,that a sutstanual hazr.rd may result to that form or on clear and legible ree-sons 2. unmcud areas.
a ords containmg all the information re-g of licensed material at sea ualess the quired by Form NRC 5. The doses entered' applicant shows that sea disposal offers on the forms or records shall be for ibi Each licensee who is required to g less harm to man or the envircnment periods of time not exceedmg one calen.
make a nport pursuant to paragraph m
g than other pracucal alternative methods dar quarter.
$ inn of this section shall, within thirty got disposal.
g 130> days af ter he learns of the loss 01 7 m Bad hnam than maintam rec - thef t. make a report in writing to the Fl 20.303Disposal br celease into mann" { ords a the same units used in we part, [e apptcpriate NRC
?*'**8'""**
3 No !!censee shall discharge licensed 2 by 4 2c.20!tb), monitoring required by tot cf Inspecuan and Enforcement. t!.S.
8 materialinto a sanitary sewerage system
- in 20.205<b) and 20 205ic), and disp, is Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Wash.
~ unleas:
I made under il 20.3C2,3CJ03, and 20J04.
ington. D C. 20555 setting ! orth the fol-6
[
(an It is readily soluble or dispersible h 8 ci f1' Records of individual exposure _lowmg information:
g n water: and i
(b) De qua.ntity of any licensed orl to radiation and to radioacuve maternal other radloactive material released into the s7 stem by the lleensee in any one Mmended 41 FR 86445.
' Redesignated 36 FR 2313s 20-7 May 21,1976 rest.. n re a s>
o Appendix III. (continued) m PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION (1) A descr'puon of the boensed mater:r.2 invo: vee. ineaudine und. enan.
ntr. chemical.ana phreienz form; (2) A description of the eLreuen.
stasons under which the lose er theft escurred; (3) A statement of disposition er 1rrebable dispostuen of the lleensed amaterial involved; (4) Radiation arposures to individ.
unis. circ.ur.atances under which the es.
posures occurred, and the extant of poo.
.]
elble hasard to persons in unrestrictos aro6s; l
(8) Actions which have been taken, or
. ! wC) be taken. to recover the smalertal; g and (6) Procedures or measures whleh R have been or wC2 be adopted to prevent a recurrence of toe loss or thsM et u.
eensed material.
(a) Subsequent to filine the written repo-the flun= e.'u!! also report attr subeunute additiona2 informauen en the loss or theft which becomes avaJiahis
.to the homeee, wiu m 30 days after he Imams of such antonnauen.
2 (d) Any report fued with the Caen.
Bisolen pursuant to this escuen shall be se prepared that inames of individun3a whD Enaf hate recetTed espesure to
.sedlauen are stated in a separate part af St.e report
" I 20.403 Notiscataene of indd.mta.
q (a) Immeddote nottAcation. Each U.
- censee shall immediately notify by tale.
f, phone and telegraph. ma!!sram. or fac.
etmue. the Director of the appropriate
~
i NRC Rational OfBee listed in Appendix a
f l
20 7e May 21,1976 (n steso.is a4)
O O
Appendix III.
(continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION D of any incident invching byproduct.
dlation er concentrations of radioactive Nues MT h % h.
source. or specla! nuclear material pos.
material it'hether or not involving ex.
g g. e sessed by him and which rnay have cess!ve exposure cf any individuaD in
~ caused or threatens to cause:
an unrestrteted area in excess of ten W A Mpet of Wher (D the total times any applicable limit set forth in number of individuals for whom per.
cf di.
23 this In ad a 5 rem or or taon; exposure of the skm cf the shoie l required under this paragraph sha!! de.
.during the caJcndar year.or (11) the total body of any andmdaal of 150 rems or ". scribe the extent of exposure of persons number of ind1viduals for whom person.
more of radiatior;: or exposure cf the g to radiation or to radioactive material.
nel monitoring was Provided duMng the em endar yean M L that such total g feet ankles. hanes or forearms of any
- Including estimates of each individuaTs g indavioua: to 375 rems cr more of radia.
includes at least the nutnber of todfrid.
. exposure as required by paragraph ibn v
e tion; or uals requirM to be Mputed h p of this section; levels of radiation and E
<27 The release of radioncave mate, h M W(D d h wh h m pwt aban inacate whether it to sub.
er a of ou s n'ould me r olved: the caus e
si e.
5 000 times the limits snetir.ed int such leveis or concentrations: and corrective mitted in awardance w!th paragraph mau rials in Apr>endai B. Tabie U: or steps taken or planned to assure against (b)(1) (1) or (1D of this anction.
'31 A less of one sorkins seek ar a recurrence.
(2) A statla*1 cal semacy report of
%h8 P'f'"emt monitoring information mere of the cperation of any f acilam s (bt Any report filed with the Commin.
aficetcd. or FecedM W the ucensee for indlMuals g alon pursuant to this section shau in.
fu wheen punannel mon!tonna was sti Damare to proprit) in enects of
~
clude for each individual exposed the Whw MeutMd or PMM4 as descMbed name, social security number. and date In 120 W@ (1). inscaung the nutnber
oJs to e s..
Lion; exposure of the skin of the thole censed by the Commission or the Atomac En-o s to 0 78.....
bodi of any indmdaal to 30 reme or erp Commission to 0 78 to 1.
more of radiation, or espoture cf the (1) Operate a nuclear reactor de.
I to s.....
{ feet. ankles. hands. or forearms to 75 signed to produce electrical or heat 8 to s..
_o
...~.
- rems or encre of radiauon; or enerry pursuant to I SC.2ith) or 150.22 ssoa.__._____
tt) The release of radioactive mate.
of t.his chapter or a testing fact 11ty as k rtal tn concentrauons whlen, if aver.
defined in i 50.2tri of this chapter:
= ased over a pertott of 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> would (2) Pnamaan or use byproduct materta!
,ses.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
exceed 500 times the 11mata spec fied for for purposes of radiography pursuant to e to e....
such materials in Appendia B. Table 111 Parta 30 and 34 of this chapter; e ad 10...
30 m 3:
or (3) Possens or use at any one time, for purposen d fuel prweesang. fabre N"""u**"****"******"********
W A loss M one day or more d the operation of any f acilities affected; or g tion, or reprocessing, special nuclear mm.
l
'Damase to property in escens of g tenalin a quanuty exceeding 5.000 stems The low exposure range data are 79 E of contained uranturn.235. urantam.233.
quired in order to obtain better informa.
e-cr plutantum or any combination thereof tion about the exposures actum:ly re.
N set An repor rited mith ine conomissenn pu, pursuant to Part T0 cf this chapten or corded. This escuan does not require 5 smant in a nes section shall tie prepareJ so that tel Possess or use at any one tirne, 1:nproved sneasuresnenta.
E names of endmdvals w ho ha.e reses.ed esposare for procMaint or manuf acturing for dis * =
- eo radiersun mil ne staied m a separase part of tributlixt pursuant to Part 30,32, or 33
" { 20.408,,,,,,,e ports,,,;,,g;,,,g,,,g,7 R
of penennel espo.
R ine report.
of this chapter. tryproduct snatertal in b.
quantitles exeeeding anyone of the fol.
,,,,,g,
$ 20 404 l Deleted 38 FR 22220.l lowing quant!tten:
When an individust terminates em.
l F ( 20.403 Repero of e.eren pesures and A*d888**8d**
9*88'F " '**'*8 ployment sith a licensee subject to t { work in such a lleensee's facility but not j
escesei,e le.els and concentration..
caetum-t st l 20 407, or an individual sasigned to I
g tav In addition to any notifleation re.
- j.$ ""*""*"
go3 e quired by 1 20 403, each heensee sha!!
teetne.t s["""*""~'""."*""."
I g employed by the beensee, completes his E make a report in writing within 30 days filatuas.ips.
to ** work assignment in the Deensee a f aciuty, me tsemme esD furns to the Dimete d
" to the appropriate NRC Regional Of!!ce "7'nstasum".n e"t "..
Prei I
Inspectaon and Enfacement,4 U.S. Nudem g listed in Appendix D m1th a copy to the Teenaeuum.eem.
1,000 Regulatory Commismon, % ashagton, D.C.
Director of Inspection and Enforcement.
(b) Each person desertbed in para.
20555, a report of the m.
U8 Nuclear Regulatory Commisalon, graph tal of this section sha!L within dividut!'s exposure to radiation and re.
g % sahington. D.C. 20555, of:
the first quarter of each calendar year,.
dioactive matertal, incurred during the (1) each exposure of an submit 2 the Dweetw d Inspection and En '
forcement, U.S. S uclear Reguistory Commas-i individual to radiation in excess of the applicable limits in il 20101 or 20.104 moa, %seangton, D.C. 20555,4 ee following
- A hcensee whose license espues of terms-
@,', ',',7,', ',8,',',Qh,',g,7,,y,',*',,c,al,T eat or the 11eense; (2) each exposure reports, appbcable e me desebed beensed 3
k of an individual to radioacttve matertal suun or terminat on of sne heense, coveri,is g in excess cf the applicable !!mits in ju "S*' r"are"er'Us' 'n"ee,8he tear dunas *nsen the heense f
er
- rue, e
II 201031a 5 (1). 20103 ra t # 2i, 20104 s b i p,,unas to e som repins tma s.--
E e teamenal valees anneur equal to the
- or the 1teense. (3 5 levels of radiation or who are nacensee es use reesamucanees met en
(
- conrentrations of radioactive matettal taas tast in gunausse ensemos se amass
'*P,*"*8 8
g, magn sw' in a restricted area in excess of any -apmble radaauan tents.
other soplicabie limit in the Iteense.14i e Amended 41 FR 16445.
any incident for shich notification is re-outred by 4 20 403; and 85i levels of ra.
l April 28,1977 20 3 I
l
~~
j O
O Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION l pernod of employment or work assign.
APPENDEX A [Raserved]
l ment in the lloensee's fac111ty, contain.
1 ing information recorded by the llosasse 1
K
[ purruant to il 20.401(a) and 20.108. Such report shall be furnished within 20 dare m after the exposure of the individual has
- ' been determined by the licensee or 90
)
days after the date of termination of em.
ployment or work assignment, whichever ss earlaer l
$ 20.409 NetlSetimes and suports to andividuala.
)
(a) Regelrements for sue *a***tama and reports to todividuals of exposure to p redlauan or radioactJee maternal are N WW in i19.13 of this chapter.
g (b) When a licensee is required pur.
g suant to ll 20.405 or 20.400 to report to the Cm==taaton any exposure of an in.
a g dividual to radiation or rad 8cactive ma.
tartal, the 11aaaaaa aban miso notify the individual. Such notice aban be trans.
matted at a time not later than the transmittal to the Caamtanton, and aban comply with the provisions of i 19.13(a)
,of this chapter.
~
Escamows apro Assmonar.
RaecianasurTs l 20.501 Appheatless for es - c' The Commission may, upon appiscation by any heensee or upon its own initiative, grant such esemptions from the require.
, ments of the regulauons in this part as g will not result in tmdue hasard to life or it determines are authorised by law and
~
[ property g $ 20.502 Additional 4-The Cammtamian may, by rule, regula.
tion, or order, impose upon any Itaanaa*
such requirements. In addauon to those established in the regulations in this part, as it deems appropriate or naamanary to protect health or to etntmta* danger
,,to Efe or property
~
$ 20.601 Violations.
An injuncuon or other court order may be obtained prohibiting any vtala.
Hon of any provision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, or 'Due II of the Energy Reorganianuon Act of 1974 or any regulation or order lesued thereunder. A court order may be ob-tained for the payment of a c1vil penalty 2 imposed pursuant to section 234 of the g Act for violauon of secuan 53,57,82,83, c 81. 82,101,103,104,107, or 100 of the
- Act, or secuon 206 of the Energy Reorga.
O nisauon Act of 1974. or any rule, regula.
Uon, or order issued thereunder, or any term, condition, of limitation of any Doense issued thereunder, or for any violauon for which a license may be re.
voted under secuon 186 of the Act. Any person who willfully violates any pro.
vtaton of the Act or any regulation of order issued thereunder may be guilty of a crime and, upon convicuen, may be punished by fine or imprisonment or
,both, as provided by law.
204 April 30,1975
r Appsndix III. (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION P%
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- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION n
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.d teoiud u 2043 April 28.1977
(
Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20 e STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION g
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." k tieos Wd M April 28,1977
.J
O O
Appendix III. (continued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION filii 8lii'Fli i.lil{ff {j **j!'?. i i it
- d p 6 jj j
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2015 A88il 78 1977
.O n
U V
Appendix III. (c*ntinued)
PART 20
- STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION NOTE TO APPENDIX B
"" 3. If any of the conditions spec 18ed below
~ Nors la car ease whom thefe u o esisture in ear e, are Mt. the ecre Spondlag Talues Spec 19ed es6er of Ebert 1848 oree radienuellee. the hastana va;ure below E187 De tised in 13eu of those Spec 18ed for purpenas of Las Appendas soeuld te eeteresase as in paragraph 3 shoes.
folWM
- m. If the Identity of each radionuCude la t If the adentate and seneentettant af each radienu-theEnl
- f0'ee*e "0""
- "i4"*%.','Oe"L"e.*;%'
or one&alre as Raown but the concentrauca
-== or the radionuenda in u=
esosucitee in the misture the ralie teteers the euantet * '
a115ture 18 not known, the concentratica esent 18 the mister
- Snd the helt otheretbr estaP6-11aalt for the utisture la the 1133t epoc18ed r et.eeuew e, e.e m.m,e s,m': ^n*** b"e' ""a"in",t."";m',s!,"."e = in Appendia *B" for the radionuelade la the e. * =i=two h=Se tne so = an==irau=
d i
rneie -
t a
l1ELit; er
$ "unnr"tt.sameLa If redtendehdas A. B. and C are preerst m amountreterm C., C e.and Cc. and if tae sopiasse* % b. If tPe identity of each radionnellde la the salature is not known. Dut at a hacers MPC's. are %f PCa. and M PCs and M PCe papee that eartata radionucindes speca$ed la Ap=
twely. teen the eenevntrations sheJe he hentsed ee inat the fellettste reataenship peasts pendaa "3' are act present la the marture, the 88***atration timal for the Elitture 18 I
Ie C
the lowest comesatratnOS limit epec18ed ta N N E' 4
g Appendia *B" for may radionucI1de which is yE act known to be ahneet from the R&Ituro*
- 1. If eNhe the IdentRr er the funegertilen of ear gy radonnistaate in the saasture o feel efbeMt. the lanttarg es.nes Ier purtware of Appendia B snail es
- m. For purposes of Table 1. Col.1-d x 10-8
- b. Por purposes of Tabne I. Col. 3-4 x 10d
- s. For purpomme of Table 11. Col.1-3 x 10-**
g
- 4. For purpoons of Table II. Col. 3-8 x 10*
-.a.
Table I Tabes D a the (saamat sember) and instepe Caesas I Coluna S Cananna 1 Celusas 3 Aar tecuina) a ster Aar tachtuna) e ter s
(eCatal) 4Cgfual)
It u is t newn that te et. I 128. I WB I t2s. I ist. (115.
tabu la erurt. Pt sie. Pe ait At zu, e6a 2:3. ILe 2.st.
Es DE. As 327. Ra 23. Ta 2m Pa m. Ta JBa. Ts.
naa.CmaeA CIsee,and7m Je6 exte o Oxlpd,
l D ta is a newn Lane ar er. I la. 41: are not preent.....
. I !Jo. tl 431. I la tones 11 enirl. PD 2na Po 2tC. Re 53. ka ra. Ra 23.
Pa an. Ta-ana, Cm Bas, Ci see, one Fm aan are nos esurl. P IiMSftIc3 la"tE aN.*1'15.Ili"t'hil' E D s
214 km 2N. ha 236 Cm sea er.e i 28e are R
- '.7"e"d* iiassiW.YEssisFUin":'a.MEi D
e l
35 are est prenant..................................
S jt 1.P*
lx1pe D to e enews taas taphoemt'.tse tad $r eO I 13. Pb 218. As IE Re M. Fa 33431a 741. and 3s 240 are not eeMEd3M' PEEPS *[1E*i's"td.'
D t
Re 23. and Pe tea are not connet....................
3xteam ixte a D 66 en enees taas edphe.essataes and Aa 327 ero est D in e emeen tasa Ae 22*. Tm an. Pe si. Pe IIB. Pu......
9x 19"*
lx te-o preent..............................
3B. Ps bel Pu tal. Fu 984. Ce SER. Cl 340 end Cf 36 are est pruest 3Mie"e gx 3p.e
[
- 4. If a mLatere of r.adaenuclides senseste of e wsRaum and in dau ai.re is me d
,rier i
l g to themleal separattaa of the uraalaan frema l
the ore. sne values wa-a meneer anny a.
l
[ used for urastum and its daughters throusta
$ redauan ase.tasiend et theme from paragrapne
- 1. 3. or 8 stove.
I a. Por purpemme of Table 1. Col.1-1x10-*
h Ctrant grene alpha neuvaty; er ex tem act/
m mal natural erantum; er 16 maneregraans per
outte unster et air naturat armatumb E
- b. Por purpense et Tahae II. Col 8-8 x 10-#
.coms press napha mesmty; er 3x to = m/
$ mi astural armatum; er 8 mamegressa per L cunic mmser or mar natural uranism.
- s. For owpamme or shi. enes, a radio.
aue11de may to consideres ne act present la a milstwo it ini the raue er the soneentra.
non of that rednaeucude in saw asstwo t>
(Can to the eencontrataan inmat for that l
I radaemusude spectaed in Tamie n or Ap.
E 'pendt a c arrC.) does met emesed %.
e ca 1
ns.gg;gg) and (t) the sum of euen I rauce for su the radionuetides scansdered as not present in the mastwo does not esosed ca ce ca.a NMI + NR- + * * * *
- n'b April 28,1977 2046 I
C r
(continu&)
Aprndix III.
Td PART 20 e STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION
.=
g assuneen C mesereal Anereewies Amy alpha emittlag radionuelade act listed aboee or mixtures of Omentium ID.im' -
100 alpha unttters of umanown oom.
Nasetta!
Ntcreewees Osmum i i 300
,.a uen
.,8 '"-"*::."::": 4,3
.01 o"a"'= 8 "
8"
,Amunomy.233 Any feesm.uebe ouwr than alpha Pause m.i0s..........
m
,tuaany.lu _.._..
30 emma ramo.ueu.a ah e or mmu,es or.ot usted
,,umo,,. l.
Paia m um.im.
......... m A,=na,,.n,,....-...."..._-...
2.3.
Phee,h<wus 3....
io te,e ec onhaown composiuon...
.1 esa emn.
0
,,o.
10 N uaum.iei..
... 100 Nuaum.3,9,8a
,100
,,.Ifors: Per P.urpoma,of Il 30JOS and 3,0,. 304.
Amena;n....
io m,,,,,,
e,e u,e,e 1 ineoi,e a com,Inauen
,so.
Areente 77.........
. 100 Pts a m.197m m - o
_ o 300 48 pes la kapen amounto the limit for the
" *III 18
............... 100 l
onenbtnauoc abould he Sertood as fouove:
Nuau pio,,,,m.197 annumm s0
.m.330....
,01 g o.s.rmine. ror neh monope in the comnina.
I' Beemuth.310 I
Poloniusa 310..
O. I taan, the rauo totween the quantity present 10 um 43 ~ _ - - _ _..
10 [ In the conDLaauon and the lamat otherwtes Bromans-82 Pressadymuss.143.
800
% estab11 abed for the spec 1Ac sectope when not Cadentum.Its..
10 Preenodysuum.148 in ocentuaauon. De sum of such rauas for
.... 100 Cadmaum.llSe........
10 Preenethium.147 _ _.......
10 all the teosopen la the combination may not Cadate.Ill........... 100 Prometalum-148 30 ezemed "3" (1d
- unity"1. Raampis: Por pur.
Ch1ctum.46..
10 gg
- gg lumm W 5 SW4. M a pamrular hatch con.
g,gg 8y gg,."-**""
CaJes um-47........
le ea gainsje,poo yog of,v and 50.000 sOf Carton.14..
..... 300 Rhealum-IH." -_"..
m of C, et mey also include not more than Certum.141
..... 300 i
300asQtofIl38 TNs larrut was detertruned
"*I" " ***
= :=......-....
,.,a R.ho.e.s""um l.e.t.. "******".
Certum 143....-..
.. 100 as fonows:
,,a.eae, a.iesa,s.see mi.e me.,
u um.
ic CaeJum.ISem...
.... 100 Rubidaum.87 10 es.een da ses.see da A.eas da Ruthealuen.87.
300 93,, a =hter la ensk of the ekose l
Ces3ums,3 34........
I "U'a"n*a*I"".*la' "*"~ -
passas was otte&ned D7 muluplytag the Agure I8 10 Casa m.138 30 Rut e lm s~
30 Costum.134.........
le la the table by 1A00 as pretteed ta i 30304.
D uthealum.308 -
1 Centum 137.....
10 g,,,gg
,ggy gg i
Chlortae.36.....
I0 ammanum.163 _
lee Chlortae.34.. _...
Se panadium te.
10 Chroemium.41. _
3.800 seandium.47 800 Ontaltd em.
10 a==adiuna.48..
30 Catal4 84.
10 Selenium.78 10 0 an 0.. __._
. m 31..
Copper.e4.....
..... 300 sueur 2 06...
le Dysprealum.les..
10 auser.110m -
1 Dysprontum.198........ 100 su,or.111..
100 Ertl um - 159................. ISO Sodlum.34.
30 Erstum.171...........
.. 100 stronuum.88.-
10 i
f b, Europtums.363 SJ h....
100 stronuum.00......
I turopium.Its 13 yr.........
I b, stronuum.90 0.1 5 Europium.l M...............
I I stronuum.91..._..
10 g Europtum.156...........
10 g stronuum.93...
10 e6 Pluartae.it.........
- 1. 000 66 sulph ur48.........
ISO g Oedollatum.163..........
30 g Techneuum.06...
Oedolinium.188.......... 100 10 Oatlt um.73.................
10 Techneuum.07m....
.. 100 Germanium.71.............. 100 Technettum.07...........
. 100 Gold S M.................... 100 Techneuum.09m.
300 0o18 199........................ 100 hchmettum.00.
30 Ihtal um.181................
10 Tallurtum.134m....
10 Molma um el S4.................. 100 Teuurtum.I27m......
10 B yeragen.3....................
- 1. 000 Tellurtum.137.............
100 Ind um.I 3 3m................ 100 Tellurtum.!ma.........
10 laeJum.llem.............
10 Telluttum.130.............. 100 ladaum. II6m............. 100 Teuurtum.13Ia.
10 inesu m.llt...................
10 hu urt um. I S3................
10 leetne.325 1
Torttuan le0 10 toetne.136....................
1 Tha111um.300.................. 100 toe st.139 O.1 Thallium sol.............. 300 losame.13.
I Thaluum 303.............. 100 loetae.las......................
10 Tha111 am.304....................
10 lottae.133 I
- g'hartum (asturayl-100 toelae.184..................
30 Thultum. I70......
10 leelse.134......................
10 Th ulium. ITI...............
10 Irissum.lD3.........
10 M a.Ils...................
10 Iri ss um B M................... 100 t a*125.....
10 tren de...-................. 100 tang sten.10 t..................
30 i
trea48 10 Tungsten.188 30 EFFpton.86
................... 100 Tungs ten 18 7.................. 100 30 Meranium tesoure48
. 100 Errpton 87 lea thanum.140...............
10 U rsa tu m.333..................
.03 Lu teu um. l ?7............... 100 Uranium.334-Urmalum.ast......
.01 heanganese.43...................
le Vanadium.44.-.m.m.m..
10 Mangename.M 10 Zenon.It ta.
............. l. 000 naanganamede.....
30 3amoa.lSS 100
..m m..um-38ertur7 197m........
... 100 Zenon e l se.................. =. ISO Stortury 197..............
I80 Tatarsium.I75......... 100 neareury.300.................
30 Yttrium.00..........
10 MolFDeesum.00............. 100 Yttttumn.01..............
30 Moserma um.147...........
.. 1e0 Yttriuas.03.
.. 100 IBea me.dymiumal et...........
3.00 Y ttdum. 98...
1 800 8B alph sta g
. _aseden,,0,a a.en,,,tegra,t,ica,,ra,te of et.
0 u ne.8
.- _. m. m.... m.
g e 83......................
le gac eps ~ ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~
e
,u, e,
, u,,e e mesed on a,lppa s,,in,tategrauan rate of e.88...........
100 m mm.m o m.m m 1.
a h
M w um eem....................
,9,,,, g,,,'3 m a n
,, g, 10 OrtenJ um.03....m.mo.m.
10
- um.
10 m,.uum-a... m...-.... ~
i0 M s u m -97..................
10 Elroona uss 9 7..................
10 3
e.
2 '((-
Its..................
30 2047 AprH 30,1975
., -..,, ~..
~...
O Apprndix III. (continu-d)
PART 20 e STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST. RADIATION Appenees D UNITED STATES NUCLE Am atGULATony COMMISSION eNSPECTION AND ENPORCEMENT REGIONAL OPPsCES Toessneae me.e.a.
Aes,e o.,ii am'u,7 A
USNmc o#.e. n i
. il e.e.t.as co en.ae Ce..aea,.... e.e,.,.. oetaa. C.o me. M.s e
En e...e.-
t is.nn..
is,ii us..
a e. e.e.Me...i M
- i. a e.
ee
.a.m eung e# Pr ea.e. 19496
.et t.s.
No vorm penasvivansa, maese is.
sana. P isas, aae kermeat aN. ion is. USNaC O ce et easeraion aae Aistema Pteries. Georosa.a, sstaat.cky.
- 'p,,g,,,
f44412fi dl6 3 (8 88 ) f fi dl4 8 (
Canas tone, puerte pico so.eaame
{g",',,',"*,,
Mines nei. Neren Coro+
p ta
,,,, g g g,,
Careems. Teaaessee. Ver9tais, vwgen g,,,,,,,g,,
ggggg esmass, one west verg asa c.co.t.19 USN aC.ae a ion seea sea Ea oecomeat 13133888 3600 (388)8884440 estiness. tasia.na, ae.a. Mica *esa. Mmae-790'meeeeven mese sota Messe rt. Once, one wisconsia Own Enya, est. tout SNaC o+fealv.u.eenea.a.
a' e,e.ea eat a
A..au. Coi...e,aa. ie.ne. m.o..nie.
e.. ~e e....
e a.e u..
a.
Maa Me.n.s c Nortn oemene. omienema, t il nyaa riaaa DeNo (817).3 34 4 3 e :
(3 :13 3 3 a.334 nota, f emas. Utaa one Swe's 8 888 te ta ag Aet*gtea. Tomas 14 0 8 3 wvem y
a eav.uSNaC seassocien ene g,,c,e,eemeai Aiasma. Ariseas,. Canteram. Ns.nei.Nev.es.. oeee a. wain aot ea sae U.S.
,,,e es. Cawerale SNe-te ei486 3 toi 44Iei4063ieI e
seee teeses one semens eas en tae g.ie.3e 3 wem t Ceeen. Caut.
pese'es telle
^? Ppl42657
' Amended a t FR 9 589 9.
NOTE: The repomas and record keeping regeremente contened in 4 4 20.20Stbl and 20.2054:1 and regewed by $ 20.40stti have been opproved by GAO endet b ?00225 (R0054 L The approval esperes June 30.
1977.
Deeember 31,1978 mg
l O
O Appendix IV.
l
-e.
e..
i:ji..!.
Ii i
z 0',5
{@
L
)
I !
I I
i 1
1 :58 8 i
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O O Appencix V. C0trrROL OF STUDENT EIF05URE TO RADIATION The following guides are reconnended with respect to the uses of ionizing radia-tion in educational institutiona and should be distributed to students participa-ting in demonstrations and/or experiments involving radiation: 1. Persons in the general population at any age. Such individuals should not receive an exposure exceeding 0.5 res per year in addition to natural back-ground and medical exposures. This limit applies to those persons who are l not occupational exposed. If an instructor or students of age 18 or greater is subjected routinely to work involving radiation, then he is an occupational worker and the exposure limit of 5 res per year applies. 2. Persons under 18 years of age. These individuals shall not be occupationally exposed to radiation. Therefore, individuals under 18 years old should not be employed in an isotope laboratory. 3. Students under 18 years of age exposed during educational activities. Such individuals should not receive whole body exposure exceeding 0.1 res per year due to their educational activity. To provide an additional factor of safety, it is recommended that each experiment be so planned that no individual re-ceives more than 0.01 ran while conducting or participating in the experiment. 4. Students over 18 years of age exposed during educational activities fall into category 1 above. It should be emphasized that there is no difficulty in performing radiation ex-periments and demonstrations in conformity with the above reco u ndations, if appropriate safeguards are provided. The following precautions are recommended when radioisotopes are actually handled by the students: PRICAUTIONARY PROCEDURIS 1. " Good housekeeping" should be maintained at all times. Keep the laboratory neat: wash glaseware regularly and do not let waste or contaminated material accumulate. 2. Perform a " sock" run, when practical, using stable or low-activity material to establish the adequacy of procedures and equipment for handling the radio-active material. 3. Nessure and evaluate the radiation levels at hand and body locations prior to carrying out intended operations on a source of radioactive material. 4. Use a fume hood or glove box when performing operations that might produce air-borne contamination, (namely, evaporations. sanding or grinding opera-tions, transfers of unsealed powdered material, etc.). 5. Wear protective gloves and a lab coat when performing operations that might result in hand or clothing contamination.
O O l Appendix V. (continued) 6. Survey skin, hair and clothing after handling unsealed radioactive material, and wash hands before leaving the laboratory. 7. Do not eat, drink or smoke in laboratories where unsealed radioactive mater-ial is handled, and do not store food in laboratory isotope storage refrig-erators. 8. Do not pipette radioactive solutions by mouth. 9. Do not handle radioactive sources by hand unless you are certain that the contact dose is within permissible limits and that the source is not con-taminated externally.
- 10. All containers of radioactive material should be properly labeled at all times. The label should indicate the date of assay and the kind and quantity of radioactive material, and should carry the standard yellow and magenta radioactivity symbol.
- 11. Containers of radioactive solutions shall be kept closed except when in actual use.
- 12. Radioactive sources shall be stored, when not in use, in a suitably labeled location with means to prevent unauthorized use. Adequate shielding should be provided.
- 13. Contact the Health Physics Division (6-2935 or 6-2936) in case of spillage or accident involving radiation.
1 I .e e
9. 9 Appendix VI. POSSIBLE BEALTH RISKS TO CHILDREN OF UDMEN WHO ARE EXPOSED TO RADIATION DURING PREGNANCY Introduction Yale University, through the University's Radiation Safety Committee, the Univer-sity Esalth Services and the Health Physics Division, is striving to keep the radiation exposure of every employee as low as practicable. As a radiation worker, one may be exposed to more radiation than the general public. However, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, (previously the United States Atomic Energy Cousission) has established a basic exposure limit for all occupationally exposed adults of 5 rems per year. No clinical evidence of harm would be expected in an adult working with these levels for a lifetime. Because the risks of un-desirable effects may be greater for young people, persons under 13 years of age are permitted to be exposed to only 10 percent of the adult occupational limits. (This lower limit is also applied to members of the general public). In the past, all employees' exposures have been below the 5 ren/ year whole body exposure limit, prescribed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Over ninety percent of radiation workers at Yale have been below 0.5 res/ year, 10% of the exposure limit. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has recommend-ed that because the developing fetus may be more sensitive to radiation than adults, the fatal radiation dose as a result of occupational exposure of the mother should not exceed 0.5 rom. According to the NCRP, particular efforts should be made to keep the radiation exposure of an embryo or fetus at the very lowest practicable level during the entire period of pregnancy. Some recent studies have shown that the risk of leukemia and other cancers in children increases if the mother is exposed to a significant amount of radiation (greater than 1 rea) during pregnancy. Although other scientific studies have shown a much smaller effect from radiation, Yale wants the women employees to be aware of any possible risk so that the women can take steps they think appropriate to protect their offsprings. Female employees working with radiation or radioactive materials must inform Yale, through the Health Physics Division, when a pregnancy has been confirmed or if pregnancy is contemplated. Upon notification, Yale will then do everything practi-emble to keep the fetal exposure below 0.5 rem during the pregnancy. The advice of the Health Physics Division should be obtained to determine whether radiation levels in your working areas are large enough that a fetus could receive 0.5 ren or more during the gestation period. If so, you should consider the following alternatives during your pregnancy: 1. Reducing your exposure, where possible, by decreasing the amount of time you spend in the radiation area, increasing your distance from the radiation source, and using shielding. Extreme care should be exercised when perform-ing experiments or procedures where you might become contaminated. It is important to reduce the potential of an ingestion of radioactive materials during your pregnancy. Certain isotopes may cross the placental barrier and actually concentrate in the fetus.
O O Appendix VI. (continued) 1 2. Requesting your department head to reassign you to areas involving less j exposure to radiation. If this is not possible, you might consider dis-cussing a transfer within Yale with the Personnel Department, or leaving your job. If you decide to take such steps, do so without delay. The unborn child is most sensitive to radiation during the first three months of your pregnancy. 3. You may also, of course, choose to continue working in the higher radiation areas, but with full awareness that you are doing so at possibly some small increased risk for your unborn child. The following facts should be noted to help you make a decision: 1. The first three months of pregnancy are the most important, so you should make your decision quickly. 2. At the present occupational exposure limit, the actual risk to the fetus is small, but experts disagree on the exact amount of risk. 3. There is no need to be concerned about sterility or loss of your ability to bear children. The radiation dose required to produce such effects is more than 100 times larger than the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's dose limits for adults. 4. Even if your work in an area where you receive only 0.5 rem per three month period, in nine months you could receive 1.5 rems, which exceeds the full-term limit suggested by the NCRP. Therefore, if you decide to restrict your unborn baby's exposure as reosamended by the NCRP, be aware that the 0.5 limit applies to the full nine month pregnancy. If a pregancy is confirmed, contact the Health Physics Division (6-2935 or 6-2936) and assistance will be provided in establishing the expected dose to the fetus. Discussion of Radiation The amount of radiation a person receives is called the " dose" and is measured in " rems". The average person in the United States gets a dose of one rem from natural sources every 12 years. The dose from natural radiation is higher in some States, such as Colorado, Wyoming and South Dakota, primarily because of cosmic radiation. There the average person gets one rem every 8 years. Many people receive additional radiation for medical reasons. The estimated average surface skin dose from one radiographic chest x-ray is 0.027 rem. The estimated average surface skin dose per abdominal x-ray is 0.62 rem. Radiation can also be received from natural sources such as rock or brick struct-ures, from consumer products such as television and glow-in-the-dark watches, and from air travel. The possible annual dose from working 8 hours a day near a granite wall at the Redcap Stand in Grand Central Station, New York City is 0.2 rem, and the averase dose in the United States from TV, consumer products, and air travel is 0.003 rem.
O O Appendix VI. (continued) Radiation, like many things, can be harmful. A large dose to the whole body (such as 600 rems in one day) would probably cause death in about 30 days, but such large doses result only from rare accidents. Control of exposure to radiation is based on the assumption that any exposure, no matter how small, involves some risk. The occupational exposure limits are set so low, however, that medical evidence gathered over the past 50 years indicates no clinically observable in-Juries to individuals due to radiation exposures when the established radiation limits are not exceeded. This was true even for exposures received under the early occupational exposure limits, which were many times higher than the present limits. Thus, the risk to individuals at the occupational exposure levels is considered to be very low. However, it is impossible to say that the risk is zero. To decrease the risk still further, licensees, such as Yale, are expected to keep actual exposures as far below the limits as readily achievable. Prenatal Irradiation The prediction that an unborn child would be more sensitive to radiation than an adult is supported by observations for relatively large doses. Large doses de-livered before birth alter both physical development and behavior in experi-mentally exposed animals. A report of the National Academy of Sciences states that short-term doses in the range of 10 to 20 rams cause subtle changes in the nerve cells of unborn and infant rats. The report also states, however, that no radiation-induced changes in development have been demonstrated to result in ex-perimental animals from doses up to about i rem per day extended over a large part of the period before birth. The National Academy of Sciences also noted that doses of 25 to 50 rems to a pregnant human may cause growth disturbances in her offspring. Such doses sub-stantially exceed, of course, the maximum permissible occupational exposure limits'. Concern about prenatal exposure (namely, exposure of a child while in its mother's uterus) at the permissible occupational levels is primarily based on the possibility that cancer (especia11 leukemia) may develop during the first 10 years of the child's life. Several studies have been performed to evaluate this risk. One study involved the follow-up of 77,000 children exposed to radiation before birth (because of diag-nostic abdominal x-rays made for medical purposes during their mother's pregnancy). Another study involved the follow-up of 20,000 such children. In addition, 1292 children who received prenatal erposure during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were studied. Although contradictory results have been obtained, most of the evidence suggests a relationship between prenatal exposure and an increased risk of childhoor cancer. Summary Occupational exposures to radiation are being kept low. However, qualified scien-tists have recommended that the radiation dose to a pregnant woman should not exceed 0.5 rem because of possible risks to her unborn child. Since this 0.5 ran is lower than the dose generally permitted to adult workers, women may want to take special actions to avoid receiving higher exposures, just as they might stop smoking during pregnancy or avoid taking unnecessary drugs to reduce possible risks to their unborn children. Contact the Health Physics Division (6-2935 or 6-2936) if there are questions. e
l Appendix VII. I.ABORATORY PROCEDUPIS Work Surfaces All work areas (bench tops, hoods, floors, etc.) as well as storage areas adjacent to permanent set-ups and sinks should be covered at all times with stainless steel or plastic trays, or other impervious materials. For some purposes a plastic-backed absorbent peper will be satisfactory. However, if such paper is used, it should be discarded frequently to prevent spread of contamination. Periodic Surveys of Radiation Areas The immediate areas (namely hoods, bench tops and storage areas) in which radio-i active materials are being used should be checked for contamination periodically l by the radiation workers in that laboratory. In addition, these areas should be inspected each and every time there is reason to suspect a contamination incident. Radioactive Contamination of Areas In general, no radioactive contamination can be tolerated. Exceptions are, active work areas which will be clearly marked with the standard radiation caution signs or tape. Any contamination that is not confined to protected surfaces should be reported imediately to the Health Physics Division. The Health Physics Division will supervise the decontamination of such areas or equipment. The Health Physics Division considers 100 counts per minute above background on a liquid scintilla-tion counter (approximately 100 picoeuries per smear) to be a significant level of contamination. Decontamination of Areas Contaminated with Radioactivity Preparations for decontamination should begin promptly. Determine the extent of the contamination. 'Ihe Health Physics Division will assist in this evaluation. The individual responsible for the contamination will perform the clean-up under the supervision of the Health Physics Division. The area or equipment should be considered contaminated until proven otherwise. Decontamination of Personnel Contaminated with Radioactivity Notify Principal Investigator insnediately after contamination accident. Wash body area involved thoroughly for 2 or 3 minutes using only lukewarm water. If this procedure is not inmediately and completely effective, notify the Health Physics Division. Areosols. Dusts and Caseous Products Procedures involving aerosols, dusts or gaseous products, or procedures which might produce airborne contamination shall be conducted in a hood, glove box or other suitable closed system. All releases from such systems shall not exceed the maxi-atas permissible concentration in air for the nuclide in question. See Appendix B, Table II. of 10CFR Part 20 for appropriate values (Appendix III.). However, where practical, traps should be incorporated in the experiment set-up to insure that environmental releases are as low as possible. Radioactive gases or materials with radioactive gaseous daughters must be stored in gas-tight containers and must be kept in areas having approved ventilation. Hoods to be used for radio-isotope work should be tested by the Health Physics Division to insure that they meet the minimum requirements for air velocity at the face of the hood.
O O l l Appendix VII. (continued) Iodine Vapors Procedures in which iodine vapors may be generated shall be conducted in a glove box or isotope hood with adequate flow rate and charcoal filters. Advice should be sought from the Health Physics Division prior to conducting experi-ments with iodine and the facilities should be evaluated for containment purposes. I l 4 1 i l i j i l ---.-- _ --. m, _a.,.n__,
O O Appendix VIII. RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES POR OPENING RADI0 ACTIVE SHIPMENTS It is suggested that plastic gloves be worn while processing the received package. 1. Place package in vented hood, if available. 2. Wipe test package for removable contamination with filter paper and count for activity. 3. If the package contains gamma or high energy beta emitters, check dose rate on outside of package with survey meter. 4. Open outer package and remove packing slip. Open inner package and verify that the contents agree in name and quantity with isotope and quantity ordered. 5. Check for possible breakage of seals or containers, loss of liquid or change in color of absorbing material. 6. Wipe test innermost container. Note: The liner, shield and isotope container may have surface contamination; they should be discarded as radioactive waste. 7. Record type of activity, quantity present in receiving log such as laboratory data book. 8. If contamination, leakage or variations in isotope, or quantity ordered are observed, notify the Health Physics Division.
O O l . Appendix II. P LEAK TESTING OF SEALED SOURCES Testing of Purchased and Fabricated Sealed Sources Each sealed source obtained from a vendor and containing byproduct material (other than tritium) with a half-life greater than thirty days, in any form other than gas, shall be tested for contamination and/or leakage prior to use. I Each sealed source fabricated within the University shall be tested for contam-ination and/or leakage immediately after fabrication. In addition to an initial test upon fabrication, the source will be stored for a period of seven days and retested prior to transfer to another Investigator. Each sealed source containing byproduct material, other than tritium, with a half-life greater than thirty days, and in any form other than gas, shall have the following: 1. Tests for leakage and/or contamination at intervals not to exceed six months. 2. Tests shall be capable of detecting the presence of 0.005 microcuries of removable cont==ination. 3. Test wipings shall be taken from the sealed source or from the surfaces of the device in which the sealed source is permanently or semi-permanently mounted or stored and on which one might expect contamination to accumulate and sent to the Health Physics Division for analysis. 4. Alpha sources shall be tested at intervals not to exceed three months. 5. Results of tests shall be recorded and maintained for inspection by NRC. If the required tests reveal the presence of 0.005 microcuries or more i of removable contamination the Health Physics Division shall notify the Investigator and immediately withdraw the source from use, and shall cause it to be decontaminated and repaired or to be disposed of in accordance with the Radiation Safety Committee's regulations. 1 Exceptions to Leak Test Requirements No leak tests required for the following: 1. Sealed sources containing tritium. l 2. Sealed sources containing byproduct material with a half-life of less then thirty days. 3. Any sealed source, provided the quantity of byproduct material contained does not exceed ten times the quantity specified in Schedule B, Section 30.71,10CFR Part 30. l
Appendix II. (continued) PART 30
- RULES OF GENERAL APPLICABILITY TO LICENSING-a se:n seksM.a.
asy-dwe msweet an, v.se Ame6many 122 (Sb 122).. 100 K'7P'** 83 (K' 88 3 * * * * * * * * * * * *... 100 Sodeem 24 (Na 24).. 10 Assemony 124 (Sh 124)............. 10 Krypeen 87 (Kr 87)................... 10 Seresseum 85 ($r 831.. 10 Amumeny 123 (Sh 123)............. 10 Laasheemm I40(La 140)~ 10 Serunem 89 (la 898.. I ~~on.o Arsenec 73 ( As 73)................. 100 Lesetium 177 (Le 17h............... 100 Seroeieum 90 (5r 90s............ 0.1 m Arsense 74 ( As 74)................. 10 M*"88"*= 32 IM 8 III """""" " 10 Serentsam 93 ($r 918.. 10 Arsenic 76 ( As M).................... 10 M *"88" M I M 8 M I ". ". * "." " ". .... o. 10 $stennem 92 ($r 923... 10 Maa8amme $6 (Ma 56)..... 10 Sulphur 31 ($ 35)............ 100 Arsenic 77 iAs 77)................... 100 m. Ber6am 131 (Se 131)................. 10 M'" M"y 197m (H3197mt............ 100 Teneatum 182 (Ta 182). 10 "Berives-13 3 (Be 13 3)............. 10 Y = IH8 ~3" "
- 100 Tunneuem 96 Gc thL o m.
10 Mercury 203 (Ng 203 )......."..". ". "... Berien 140(Se 140). o. 10 10 Techaeuem 97m (Tc 97ml.. 100 teamesh 210 (De 210)............ I MF#88""= # IM8 #8 100 Tuhansom 97 iTe 97L ~ o M Needym een 14 7 ( Nd 14 D."..".. '.". ". ".. Bremaae 82(tr 82L.... 10 . ~. 100 Technetem 99m (Tc 99mp. 100 Cadmium 109 (Cd 109)..... 10 Needym m IM (Nd IM)o 100 Twheenem M pc M). m m. o 10 n. n.n Cadmium I I Sm (Cd 115m 1............. 10 Nochel SG (Ni 39)................... 100 TeHwesen 123m (Te 123mL... 10 n Cadmium l15 (Cd lis)......... 100 Nethel 43tN663) o n o n o n o.n n o le Tenernm I27m pe l27mt o. M Cancesse 43 (Ca 4 5 ).............. 10 Nechel 65 (N6 65).................... 100 Tellurium 127 (Te 12D..... 100 O Nashoum 93as (Nb 93m)................ 10 Tellereenn 129m (Te 129mL.... 10 .......n m M M 99 10 M U9 m I 100 C-eem i4i (Ce i "i*"""""*"" iOO "=*= '7 m* m. 10 Ten- = ni= ne 12'=L. - ". C-- m (Ce ion...'.:.. :.'.'.::.':: m ** = = = ' u iO. Itsk"_".- _ _" _" _" ". 'o TeH.- in ne ini-- iO ic C-eem lu (Ces w..............." i
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= Ta w a m '* "."."."... g Omnium 19 8 tos 19 t k..."......"..".... 100 'o Thelleem 200(T1200). 100 Ceseem iHe (CaIMen')"." " " " " M Oamens 19 3 (Os 193L............... 100 Thallsam 301 (Tl 2011.... 800 Ceasem I M (Cs I M ).... '..'... ".. "...."o i Peinadeenn 193 t N 103)................ 100 Theileese 202 (TI 202)......... 100 ............o..o 10 Palladesen 199 f N 109).. 100 Theneemi 304 (Tl 204)..... 10 80 Phospheres 32 ( P 32).......,........ le Tholeum 170 tTm 170k........... 10 c,,,,, g y ge, g y g '.."..'..".."."."."."."..' o" g Plas man 191 (Pt 19 0............... 100 Theleum 171 ITm 171L... 80 Chierene M (Cl M)... 10 Ploeseene 193as (Pi 193m).............. 100 Tin 1 l 3 (Sn l l 3)................ 10 O Plassamm 193 (Pt 19 3 )................. 100 Ten 125 tla 125)....... 10 Phoem 197m (Pi 197ml 100 Toegumi 18 8 (w 10 0...... 10 ....n 10 Plea seen 197 (Pt 197)................. 100 Tuatsson 18$ (w 1851................ 10 Ceeh 58 (Co $ 8....'. "'....".. '. M Palmneum 2 0 0 f re 2 I C)................ (LI Tunessen 187 tw 187).. 100 ........"o g Pesenases 4 2 (K 4 2!................... 10 Venedeem 48 (V del... 10 00 Pressedyenisme 142 (Pr 142)............ 100 Xeeen 131m (Xe 131 mi)............. l.000 yspremium 165 (Dy 165)...........".. 10 Pressadymean 143 (Pr 143)............ 100 Xemme 13) (Xe 13 31.........,...... 100
- Prometheem 147 (Pm 147).............
10 g P; =,' *..- Xeemn 133 (Xe 1331...,......,,.... 400 P,.mselies.i 10 luieneum.1494,e.149)............. v e.m i n nh in.......... Europ_ in 9 M s,. " -. -- ,0, l.................. 100 v,som 90 n o................... 10 Europeem 1$4 (Eu I$4). 02 o M"ovirtw. ". ~ _ =me t o 10m )............". -e- = =. - - - = v - - 'i n m -........... io "P " I" " I'IE* I 100 v e 92 n 92)... 1 ' Rhodeem 105 (Rh 1951...... 100 veitsune 93 a 9h.................. 100 Europoem l $5 (Em 13 3 3................ 10 R ehedeem 06 R h 86).................. le Isoe 65 (Za 65 )..................... 10 Fluorear 10 (F is)............ IA00 patadessa 87 tah 8D.................. 10 Zone tem (Za tem p............... 100 Rusheneenn 97 tme th...... 100 Zeme W (Za WL..m., IA00 Gadesmeem Is)(Gd IS3L.......... 10 t esteeman 103 las 10M............... le Zereeneum 93 tZr 9H............. 10 Codelmeno 159 (Gd 159)............. 100 R ushsmuun ISS (Re 105)............. 10 Zereenesen 95 (Zr 95 L..... 10 Geneewe 72 4Ge 77)................... 10 R uthenemme let t Re 196 L.............. 8 Zarenaeum 97 (Zr 97L......... 10 Germeneum 7'I (Ge fl)... 100 g,,,,,,,, g g g ggen I S I L.............. 10 Any byprudert seeneraal aos Geld 190 ( Au 190 ),................. 100 g ,,,,g$3($siIS3L............... IW isused shove scher then alphe Go64 199 i A 199)........... 100 gg g.,,, de (Sc 46 L.................. 10 ementsag typredest meeersel.......... O. I Hefnien 181 (Hf 181)........ 10 geendeem 47(Se 4 D................... 100 Holmens I A6 (No IW........... 100 Stendeem 44 fls 4G L.................. 10 Hydrecee 3 (H 3)...... 1.000 g,,ensami ?S (se 73 9.................. 10 i.deeminn on H3m). = 1 .eless. u (9e 3 n................... 100 ladeem llem (In Ilomp........... 10 g,g,,, 105 t Ag 10$ l................ 10 ladeem I I Sm (la l l Se t........... 100 Selwer Hem I Ag H 0m p............ I j ladsens 115 tie 1850... 10 Seever l u ( Ag I I H.................. 100 ledene 125 il 125 L............... I ledene 126 il 126L..... I led ene 129 il 129 L................... OJ ledene 13818181L. I ledine 13 2 (f 13 21.................. 10 led ene I n il 13 3 L.................... I ledsae I M tl I M L................ 10 led me 13 9 (I 13 5 ).................... 10 tr edeuni 192 la r 192 L................. 10 Ired eemn 19 4 tir 194 L.............. 800 f ree S S (Fe 53),.... 100 Bron 39 (Fe 29)............. 10 e' Aeded 36' f 8416898.
O O Appendix I. Emergenesj Telephone Numbers YALE UNIVERSITY Health Physics Division l 6-f935 or. 6-f936 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Campus Police IfI or 6-8341 Yale-Wec Naven Hospital i Emeg ency Room 6-1960 I FOR ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIATION EIFOSURE OR RADIQACTIVE MATERIAL 1. Emergency Notification I A. Extreme Hazards - high radiation levels or the possibility of airborne contamioation from dry or volatile radioactive materials. 1. Evacuate the laboratory immediately; close and lock the door and/or stand guard to prevent entrance; during normal working hours, immediately contact the' Health Physics Division and give details of the accident. 2. During off hours, evacuate laboratory, close door, call Campus Police and give details of the accident and avait instructions. The Campus Police I will contact Health Physics Division personnel. Health Physics Division personnel will then contact the individual and give instructions. 3. If you have to leave the area to call Health Physics Division or Campus j Folice, cover your shoes if you suspect contamination and do not touch anything unnecessarily. 4. Hold your breath when possible until leaving immediate area of possible high airborne concentrations. B. Accident Involving Both Personnel Injury and Radioactive Contamination l 1. Give first aid, if necessary. If the wound appears to be superficial, flush with cool water immediately. 2. During normal working hours contact Campus Police first and then the Health Physics Division. Give details of the accident and avait instructions. Health Physics Division personnel will contact the individual and give instructions. 3. Remove any contaminated clothing and if necessary wrap the individual in a fire blanket. 4. If it is necessary to send individuals to the Emergency Room at Yale-New Haven Rospital, inform the Emergency Room that a contaminated patient is coming. Campus Police must provide transportation. 5. Keep all uninjured personnel involved close to the accident area. Prevent the spread of contamination by isolating and sealing the accident area. Keep people out. Shut down ventilation if possible. i l 9 ,-,n,, -,-,----e-, -,-*-r-,-
O O Appendix X. (continued) C. Other Hazards 1. Accidents involving both radioactive material and infectious viruses. i Deactivate the virus and notify the Health Physics Division or during off hours Campus Police and avait instruction. 2. Fires, explosions, etc. Evacuate all personnel immediately, sound the fire alarm, notify the Health Physics Division or Campus Police and await instruction; do not leave the area or general vicinity without first being monitored for radioactive contamination. D. For All Emergencies Use the Following Guides Keep calm, use common sense, protect people, do not spread contamination. Always assume you are contaminated until a survey shows otherwise, call Health Physics Division or Campus Police and await instruction. 1. Confine Contamination a. Localize the spill. Right a tipped container, drop absorbent material on the spill, damp down a dry spill. Always wear gloves when working with a spill. b. Do not track contamination about the laboratory. Call, do not go, for help if possible. Prevent others from entering the immediate contamination area. c. Close doors and where possible adjust ventilation to prevent the spread of airborne contamination. d. Check your shoes before leaving the area of a cleaned-up spill. 2. Protect Personnel a. Remove contaminated clothing and gently wash contaminated parts i of the body with detergent. b. Be especially thorough in flushing out wounds with cool water, c. Hold your breath if airborne contamination is suspected or until you leave the area. d. Warn other workers. II. Campus Police Procedures l A. The Campus Police upon receiving a call should collect the following informations the location of the accident, the number of injured and/or exposed persons, the types and approximate quantity of radioactive material involved, and the name and telephone number of the Individual giving the ~ information.
.O ~ O Appendix I. (continued) 3. The Campua Police, after receiving a report of a radiation accident and dispatching a policeman to the scene, should contacts 1. If injuries are involved, the Hospital Esergency' Room either to warn of an accident or indicate that contaminated patients are casing. 2. Bealth Physics Division: Start at the top of the list and proceed down until someone is reached. The individual reached should obtain the facts, contact Mrs. Mulvaney, give har the information and proceed to the accident scene if necessary. Mrs. Mulvaney will contact others and either dicoatch them to Yale or give further instructions. Health Physics Division Yale Phone Number Home Phone George R. Holeman, Director 6-0570 or 6-2935 453-5520 Kenneth W. Price, Health Physicist '6-0570 or 6-2935 248-254'3 Frederick Creenhalgh, " 6-0570 or 6-2935 248-8845 George Andrews, Chief Technician 6-0536 387-5392 M. Claire Mulvaney, Sr. Admin. Asst.- 6-0570 or 6-2935.' 248-2553 University Radiation Safety Committee Dr. Peter D. Parker 6-2320 or 6-3347 268-5374 s C. Campus Police when reaching the scene of the accident should help determine if injured personnel need energency care or not; if so, they should provide transportation (either patrol car or ambulance). Anyone known to be contaminated should be wrapped in a fire blanket or other means used to contain the contam-inscion. Call Emergency Room, Yale-New Haven Hospital and indicate the number of patients coming. D. Campus Police should not leave the Bsergency Room until they and their auto-mobile, or ambulance, have been checked either by Yale Health Physics Division, or the Hospital Radiation Safety Officer. III. Accident Reportina All released to the public of information concerning accidents involving radiation shall be released through Dr. Peter D. Parker (6-2320), Chairman of the Yale Radiation Safety Cosmittee to the Yale Public Relations representative, S. A. Kezerian (6-3440).
......G.. : --.. '~ C-Appendix II. _T M NATIONAL COUNCIL ON RADIATION PEDTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS REPORTS Report Number Title Price 8 Control and Removal of Radioactive Contaminati Labora tories (1951)........................... on in $ 2.00 9 Recommendations for Waste Disposal of Phosphorus-32 and Iodine-131 for Medical Users (1951).................... $ 2.00 10 Radiological Monitoring Methods and Instruments (1952). $ 2.00 12 Recomendations for the Disposal of Carbon-14 Wastes. (1953................................................. $ 2.00 14 Protection Against Betatron-Synchrotron Radiations Up to 100 Million Electron Volts (1954)................... $ 2.00 16 Radioactive Waste Disposal in the Ocean (1954)......... $ 2.00 22 Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and WH=r Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure (1959)........................... $ 2.00 23 Haasurement of Neutron Flux and Spectra for Physical and Biological Applications (1960)..................... $ 2.00 25 Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gama Rays (1961)...................... $ 2.00 27 Stopping Powers for Use with Cavity Chambers (1961).... $ 2.00 28 A Manual of Radioactivity Procedures (1961)............ $ 3.00 30 Safe Bandling of Radioactive Materials (1964).......... $ 2.00 31 Shielding for High-Energy Electron Accelerator Installations (1964)................................... $ 2.00 32 Radiation Protection in Edi;,:ational Institutions (1966) $ 3.00 33 Medical X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Protection for Energies Up to 10 MeV - Equipment Design and Use (1968)............ $ 3.00 34 Medical X-Ray and Gasma-Ray Protection for Energies Up to 10 MeV - Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation (1970)................................................. $ 4.00 35 Dental X-Ray Protection (1970)......................... $ 4.00 36 Radiation Protection in Veterinary Medic'ine (1970)..... $ 4.00 37 Precautions in the Management of Patients Who Have Received Therapeutic Amounts of Radionuclides (1970).. $ 4.00 38 Protection Against Neutron Radiation (1971)............ $ 5.00 l l .~m..._...... j
O O Appendix II. (continued) 39 Basic Radiation Protection Criteria (1971)................ $ 4.00 40 Protection Against Radiation From Brachytherapy Sources (1972)............................................ $ 4.00 41 Specification ci Gamma-Ray Brachytherapy Sources (1974)... $ 3.00 ) 42 Radiological Factors Affecting Decision-Making in a Nuclear Attack (1974)..................................... $ 4.00 43 Review of the Current State of Radiation Protection P hilo sophy (19 75 )......................................... $ 3.00 44 Krypton-85 in the Atmosphere - Accumulation, Biological Significance, and Control Technology (1975)............... $ 4.00 45 Natural Background Radiation in the United States (1975).. $ 5.00 46 Alpha-Emitting Particles in Lungs (1975).................. $ 3.00 47 Tritium Measurement Techniques (1976)..................... $ 4.50 48 Radiation Protection for Medical and Allied Health Personnel (1976).......................................... $ 4.50 [All prices subject to change without notice] l Reports may be obtained from: NCRP Publication P.O. Box 30175 Washington, D.C. 20014 l _----}}