ML20128R106
| ML20128R106 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05200003 |
| Issue date: | 10/09/1996 |
| From: | Kerch S, Reid J, Roth E WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC COMPANY, DIV OF CBS CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20128R055 | List: |
| References | |
| WCAP-14651, WCAP-14651-R01, WCAP-14651-R1, NUDOCS 9610210291 | |
| Download: ML20128R106 (26) | |
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Integration of Human Reliability Analysis With Human Factors EngineeringDesign Implementation Plan Westinghouse Energy Systems mh3233w.wpf:1b
WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 WCAP-14651 Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Engineering Design Implementation Plan S. P. Kerch E. M. Roth S. Sancaktar AP600 Design Certification Project September 19%
Westinghouse Electric Corporation EnergySystem Business Unit P.O. Box 355 Pittsburgh, PA 15230 4355 C 1996 Westinghouse Electric Corporation AllRights Reserved
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l m:\3233w.wpf:lt>492796
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iii TABLE OFCONTENTS Section Title Eage, LIST OF TAB LES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i v LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v LIST OF ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1
INTRO DUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 Scope and Objective of Implementation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 Use of HRA/PRA Insights to Guide HFE Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 2 - PRA/HRA IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1 Critical Human Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.2 Risk-Importan t Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 3 TASK ANALYSES FOR CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1 Input to Operational Sequence Task Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.2 Confirming / Refining HRA Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 4 RE-EXAMINATION OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 5
VALIDATION OF HRA PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 6
REFERENC ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6- 1 APPENDIXA EXAMPLES OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 I
t Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf 1b-0925%
September 1996
iv LIST OFTABLES Table A-1 Risk-Important Tasks for Internal Events During Power -
Opera ti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 i
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 i m:\3233w.wpf:1b@25% September 1996 )
l
v LIST OFFIGURES Figure 1-1 Overview of How HRA Activities are Integrated in the HFE Pro gra m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -3 N
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 nt\3233w.wpf.1W2596 September 1996
vi LISTOFACRONYMS ADS Automatic DepressunzationSystem -
CDF Core Damage Frequency COL Combined License .
CVS Chemicaland Volume ControlSystem DAS DiverseActuationSystem HFE Human Factors Engineering HRA Human Reliability Analysis HSI HumanSystemInterface IRWST In-Containment Refueling Water Storage Tank LOCA Loss-of-Coolant Accident LRF Large Release Frequency MMI Man-MachineInterface M-MIS Man-MachineInterface System MLOCA Medium LOCA MOV Motor-Operated Valve MTIS Maintenance, Inspection, Test and Surveillances PMS Protection and Safety Monitoring System PRA ProbabilisticRiskAssessment RAW Risk Achievement Worth RRW Risk Reduction Worth RCS Reactor Coolant System RNS NormalResidualHeat Removal SG SteamGenerator SGTR SteamGeneratorTube Rupture SLOCA SmallLOCA SSC Systems, Structures, and Components THERP Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction V&V Verification and Validation i
l Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:1b-100296 September 1996
1-1 l
1 INTRODUCTION l
i This document provides an implementation plan for the integration of Human Reliability !
Analysis (HRA) with Human Factors Engineering (HFE) design. It describes the interrelation among the activities conducted by the Man-Machine Design group, the Procedures Development group, and the HRA and Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) group. 1 l
l 1.1 Scope and Objective ofImplementatior Plan j i
The objective of the HRA/HFE integration / implementation plan enables:
=
the HRA activity to integrate the results of the HFE design activities the HFE design activities to address risk-important tasks and human error mechanisnu in order to minimize thelikelihoe ' sonnel error and to provide for error detection and recovery capability This document does not cover HRA methodology. HRA methodology and results are described as part of the AP600 PRA Study, Reference 7.
1.2 Use of HRA/PRA Insights to Guide HFE Design The AP600 design draws on lessons learned from existing plant experience and results of past HRAs and PRAs to reduce the potential for human error and increase safety. In response, one approach to increase plant safety in the AP600 has been to simplify the plant design and reduce the number of human actions required.
This HRA /HFE integration / implementation plan describes the process by which insights from HRA/PRA are used to improve the HFE design and limit the risk to humans and the risk of errors.
Figure 1-1 provides an overview of how HRA activities are integrated within the HFE program.
There are three primary points of interaction:
- 1. Task Analysis: Results of HRA/PRA analyses are used to identify risk-important tasks and performance requirements as input to HFE task analysis activities.
. 2. Human System Interface (HSI) Design and Procedure Development: Results of the HSI design and procedure development activities are used to confirm and/or refine HRA assumptions. Tasks that are identified in the HRA/PRA that pose serious challenges to plant safety and reliability are re-examined by task analysis, HSI design and procedure Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 mA3233w.wpf:1tul01096 september 1996
1-2 development identifies changes to the operator task, procedures, or the control and ,
display environmens to minimize the likelihood of operator error and provide for error detection and recoverycapability. -
be performed; time within which they are completed) are validated as part of the HFE :
Integrated System Validation.-
While training is an important contributor to human reliability, it is not explicitly addressed in this HRA/HFE integration / implementation plan because training program development is a Combined License (COL) applicant responsibility. Westinghouse will provide the COL applicant with the AP600 PRA Study documentation that includes the description of HRA assumptions and results relevant to trainmg. In addition, insights relevant to the training program are provided in a report following the HFE V&V. This report includes a list of critical human actions (if any), risk-important human actions, the performance requirements for those actions (e.g.,
response time) and any insights gained during the V&V that relate to training requirements for risk-important human actions (see Section 13.2.1 of the AP600 SSAR).
t i
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:lt@92596 September 1996
1-3 F
Functional Plant & System - Analysis &
Design "
Probabilistic Allocation Asse ent II Jk Emergency
Response
Guidelines CriticalHuman Actions; yf 1Y 1Y Risk Important Tasks:
Performance Requirements y ,,,,
Analysis '__p
- Reliability Analysis M
Uf U l 3 Procedure m m M-MIS I I
Development ' -
Design l 'l M M ConprmfRefine I I
HRA AssumptionsI I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. l i
1Y Test Scenanos; l
gpg PerformanceAssumptions
' l Verification
& Validation -__~------- I Validation ofPerformance Assumptions e
Figure 11 Overview of flow HRA Activities are Integrated in the HFE Program Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 mA3233w.wpf:1b 092596 September 1996
4 2-1 2 PRA/HRA IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS In order to enable human actions and taeks (that are important to plant safety) to be explicitly addressed as part of the HFE design effort, the results of the HRA are used to identify critical human actions (if any) and risk-important tasks. The human actions and tasks identified are used as input to task analysis and HFE design activities.
The following subsections provide the criteria applied to identify the critical human actions and risk-important tasks. Appendix A provides examples that are based upon AP600 PRA studies available September 1996.
2.1 Critical Human Action Two alternative criteria define critical human actions:
Deterministic Criteria: Any human action that is required to prevent core damage or severe release in licensing design basis accidents (Ref.1).
or PRA Criteria: Any human action (as identified from those baseline PRA studies with quantitative results) that,if failed, would result in total core damage frequency equal to or greater than 1E-4 (1x104) or severe release frequency equal to or greater than IE-5 (1x104).
The baseline PRA studies include internal at-power events, internal shutdown events, and fire, flood,and seismic events.
2.2 Risk-ImportantTasks
- Risk-important tasks that involve human actions will be identified using two risk-important measures that are commonly used in PRA studies:
- 1. Risk-Increase Measure: This measure examines the increase in risk that would result if the probability of failing to take liuman action were set to l.0. The objective of this
~
measure is to identify human actions that, if failed to be taken, would result in a significant increase in risk. These tasks would be included in the task analyses and integrated V&V activities to ensure that they are adequately supported by the Man-Machine Interface System (M-MIS), so as to minimize the potential for error.
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:1b-0925M September 1996
2-1 j 2 PRA/HRA IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS ,
AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS l In order to enable human actions and tasks (that are important to plant safety) to be explicitly addressed as part of the HFE design effort, the results of the HRA are used to identify critical human actions (if any) and risk-important tasks. The human actions and tasks identified are used as input to task analysis and HFE design activities.
{
l The following subsections provide the criteria applied to identify the critical human actions and l
risk-important tasks. Appendix A provides examples that are based upon AP600 PRA studies
- available September 1996.
i a
2.1 Critical Human Action Two alternative criteria define critical human actions:
Determmistic Criteria: Any human action that is required to prevent core damage or severe
, release in licensing design basis accidents (Ref.1).
or PRA Criteria: Any human action (as identified from those baseline PRA studies with quantitative results) that,if failed, would result in total core damage frequency equal to or greater than IE-4 (1x104) or severe release frequency equal to or greater than 1E-5 (1x10-5),
The baseline PRA studies include internal at-power events, internal shutdown events, and fire, flood,and seismic events.
2.2 Risk-ImportantTasks Risk-important tasks that invcive human actions will be identified using two risk-important measures that are commonly used in PRA studies:
- 1. Risk-Increase Measure: This measure examines the increase in risk that would result if the probability of failing to take human action were set to l.0. The objective of this l measure is to identify human actions that,if failed to be taken, would result in a f significant increase in risk. These tasks would be included in the task analyses and integrated V&V activities to ensure that they are adequately supported by the Man-MachLw Interface System (M-MIS), so as to minimize the potential for error.
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf;1t>-092s96 september 1996
l 2-2 l 2. Risk-Decrease Measure: This measure examines the decrease in risk that would result if the probability of failing to take the human action were set to 0. The objective of this measure is to identify human actions, that if executed correctly, would result in a significant reduction in risk. These tasks would be included in the task analyses and integrated V&V activities to ensure that they are adequately supported by the M-MIS, so .
as to maximize the potential for correct performance.
FRA studies areperformed for:
Internal at-power events (core damage and severe release)
Internal shutdown events (core damage and severe release)
Fire, flood events (only core damage bounding assignment is being performed)
Seismic events (seismic margins only)
In addition, a focused PRA sensitivity study is performed to provide input to regulatory treatment of nonsafety systems. In this study, no credit is taken for nonsafety-related systems in the calculation of core damage and severe release frequencies. Credit is only taken for safety-related systems. The focused PRA sensitivity study is performed for:
. Internalat-power events
. Internalshutdown events Fire and flooding events (core damage bounding assignment only)
The results of these PRA studies are examined to identify risk-important tasks.
Quantitative criteria used in identify ing risk-important tasks, in cases where quantitative measures of risk-increase and risk-decrease are available, are described below. The qualitative criteria used to identify risk-important tasks are also described. The qualitative criteria are applied to each of the PRA studies listed above.
Quantitative Criteria for Risk-Irnportant Tasks A task is defined to be risk-important if its importance, as calculated by one of these two measures, is above a risk threshold associated with that measure.
The two measures are formally quantified as follows: .
- 1. Risk-Increase Measure: This measure provides the importance of a human action for core damage and severe release with respect to maintaining the existing risk level. For this purpose, the core damage and severe release is requantified for each human action by setting its failure probability to 1.0. The risk-importance of a human action is then defined as the percentage increase in core damage and severe release frequency. For example, a Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:lt472s96 september 1996
i I
2-3 risk-importance of 100 is the same as doubling the base core damage frequency or severe release frequency (dependent upon whether the PRA study being examined is a core damage or severe release study) when the task failure probability is set equal to 1.0. The larger the percentage, the more important the human action is in maintaining the existing l risklevel.
l l,
The risk-increase importance threshold used for AP600 is 200 percent for internal events, at-power and shutdown, for both core damage and severe release. This is equivalent to a risk achievement worth (RAW) of 3.0. Any value below this is deemed to be too small to be considered as worthwhile to pursue.
In the case of the focused PR A sensitivity study, the risk-increase importance threshold used is 100 percent (a RAW value equivalent to 2.0).
- 2. Risk-Decrease Measure: This measure provides the importance of a human action for core damage and severe release with respect to reducing the existing risk level. For this purpose, the core damage and severe release is requantified by setting each cperator action failure probability to zero. The importance of a human action is then defined as the percent decrease in core damage and severe release frequency. For example, a risk- !
decrease value of 10 percent indicates that the maximum benefit that can be obtained by improving task failure probability is 10 percent. The larger the percent decrease, the more l important the human action is in potentially reducing the existing risk.
The risk-decrease importance threshold used for AP600 is 10 percent for internal everJs, at-power, and shutdown, for both core damage and severe release. This is equivalent to a risk reduction worth (RRW) of about 1.1. Any value below this is deemed to be too small to be considered as worthwhile to pursue.
In the case of the focused PRA sensitivity study, the risk-decrease importance threshold usedis 5 percent (RRW of about 1.05).
The definition of risk-important tasks provided above utilizes well-recognized and quantifiable concepts of risk-increase and risk-decrease measures, which take into account different aspects of risk-importance. Defining risk-important tasks in terms of risk-increase and risk-decrease is consistent with the risk-importance measures used for other applications, such as the NRC
. maintenance rule. A uniform definition of risk-importance across different application areas allows consistency, as well as efficiency, since importance tables created for basic events may be used for different applications.
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:1b-0925% September 1996
2-4 Qualitative Criteria for Risk-Important Tasks In addition to quantitative measures, qualitative criteria for identifying risk-important tasks are applied to the PRA studies. An expert panel representative of HRA/PRA, systems engineering design, HSI design, and HFE apply the criteria and identify the associated risk-important tasks. .
Criteria used to identify risk-important tasks include-
- 1. Operator actions that estimate the time to completion is close to the time window available forcompletion
- 2. Operator actions where the nature of the operator activi+ies, or demands placed upon operators are complex, unique, or potentially challenging I
- 3. Operator actions just below the threshold values for critical human actions (as defined in Section 2.1) and the threshold values for risk-important tasks (as defined in Section 2.2) are re-evaluated for inclusion as a risk-important task
- 4. Operator actions needed to prevent a situation where conflicting safety goals may result S. Operator actions that are deemed to be risk-important by the panel members based upon history and the panel's expert opinion Qualitative Criteria for Risk-Important Maintenance, Inspection, Test, and Surveillances Qualitative criteria are used to identify risk-importani maintenance, inspection, test, and surveillances (MTIS). Risk-important MTIS are identified by examining " risk-significant" Systems, Structures, and Components (SSC). The criteria used to identify " risk-significant" SSCs are provided in SSAR 16.2," Reliability Assurance Program." A subset of these " risk-significant" l SSCs and a representative set of the associated MTIS are selected by an expert panel. This panelis to be comprised of representatives with expertise from relevant groups in the design process, such as systems engineering, reliability engineering, PRA, HFE, and HSI design. Criteria used to identify risk-important MTIS tasks include 1,2,4, and 5 listed above. The set of MTIS tasks identified through the expert panel process are defined to be risk-important and examined in task analysis procedures, HSI design, and V&V activities.
Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:1b-100296 september 1996
3-1 3 TASK ANALYSES FOR CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS The HRA/PRA group specify human actions and task sequences to be used as input to the task analyses performed as part of the HFE program. This includes all critical human actions (if any) and risk-important human actions.
3.1 Input to Operational Sequence Task Analyses The human actions and tasks identified by HRA activities are included in the set of tasks examined using operational sequence task analyses. The inputs to the task analyses include a specification of the task sequences performed, as well as any performance requirements, such as time windows within which an action needs to be completed. This input guides the design of the HSI and the development of the procedures so as to adequately support these risk-important tasks.
The HSI and procedures groups submit results of their analyses (e.g., function-based task analyses; operational sequence task analyses) and design activities (e.g., emergency response guidelines (ERGS), functional requirement documents; display descriptions) to the HRA group for review and comment.
3.2 Confirming / Refining HRA Assumptions HRAs conducted early in the design process, necessarily make assumptions about function allocation, human actions performed, and the quality of the HSI design, procedures, and related performance-shaping factors, that are confirmed or refined as the design effort progresses.
Once man-machine function allocation becomes finalized, and initial HSI designs and procedures are completed,it becomes possible to perform more detailed sequential task analyses that more accurately reflect details of the design. At this point it becomes possible to examine the impact of advanced digital technology, and the details of the HSI design and procedures, on the operator actions to be performed, the demands they place on the operator, and the estimated duration time to complete them.
When initial HSI designs and procedures are completed, more detailed operational sequence task and workload analyses are performed to obtain more accurate estimates of workload and task completion times for the set of tasks identified by the HRA/PRA group. (These more detailed operational sequence task analyses are referred to as OSA-2 in the description of AP600 Task Analysis Activities, SSAR subsection 18.5.2.3.) The results are documented in a report, and provided to the HRA/PRA group.
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1 l
3 The HRA/PRA group then reviews the HFE design and analysis documents for potential impact i on HRA assumptions. I l
l I
s i
l l
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4-1 4 RE-EXAMINATION OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS If a critical human action or risk-important task is determined to be a potentially significant contributor to risk, based on the results of Section 3, it is re-examined by task analysis, HSI design, and proced ure development. This is to identify changes to the operator task or the
{
control and display environment, to reduce the likelihood of operator error and provide for error detection and recovery capability.
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5-1 5 VALIDATION OF HRA PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS Validation of HRA operator performance assumptions is performed as part of the Integrated HFE System Validation.
The HRA/PRA group identifies scenarios that involve critical or risk-important human actions that are included as part of the set of scenarios used in the Integrated HFE System Validation.
The HRA/PRA group identifies specific performance assumptions to be confirmed as part of the l validation exercises. Examples of these assumptions are: that particular actions to be performed l are catisfactorily completed, and completed within the time-window specified in the PRA.
The scenarios indicated by the HRA/PRA group are included as part of the Integrated HFE System Validation, and performance measures are collected to support confirmation of the HRA performance assumptions. The results of the analyses are provided to the HRA/PRA group.
No attempt is made to validate the quantitative HRA probabilities.
After reviewing the results of the Integrated HFE System Validation, the HRA/PRA group determines whether any changes need to be made to the HRA modeling assumptions and whether any changes are required to the HRA quantification. If necessary, the HRA is modified, and theimpact on the PRAis assessed.
As part of the process determining whether HRA requantification is necessary, the HRA/PRA group assesses whether the technique for human error rate prediction (THERP) error frequency database currently employed to generate error probability estimates continues to be the most appropriate source for HRA quantification, or whether new error quantification databases, that more closely match the AP600 modeling assumptions and are eccepted by the NRC, have become )
available. ,
A report is generated documenting the results of the exercises intended to validate the HRA performance assumptions, and the impact on HRA/PRA quantification,if any. This report is l submitted to the NRC for review and constitutes the analysis results report for Element 6 of the Human Factors Engineering Program Review Model (NUREG-0711).
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6-1 6 REFERENCES
- 1. AP600 Standard Safety Analysis Report, Volume 8, Chapter 15 Accident Analysis 4 2. AP600 PRA Study: Core Damage Frequency Quantification, February 1996
- 4. AP600 PRA Study: Severe Release Frequency Quantification, September 1996
- 5. AP600 PRA Study: Low Power and Shutdown Assessment, June 1995
- 7. AP600 PRA Study: Human Reliability Analysis, June 1996 4
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i APPENDIX A EXAMPLES OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANTTASKS l
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1
A-1 APPENDIX A EXAMPLES OF CRITICAL HUMAN ACTIONS AND RISK-IMPORTANT TASKS This Appendix provides examples of critical human actions and risk-important tasks, as identified from the AP600 PRA Study results, available as of September 1996. These examples are a result of applying only the quantitative criteria described in Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of this document. Since the qualitative criteria have not been applied, these examples represent only a subset list.
These examples are provisional and may change as PRA studies are updated and the qualitative assessments are performed. The examples are provided as illustration of the methodology for identifying critical human actions and risk-important tasks.
A.1 Critical Human Actions 1
Based on the results of the AP600 PRA Study, as of September 1996, there are no critical human actions (as defined by the criteria of Section 2.1) for the AP600 plant. '
A.2 Risk-Important Human Tasks In this section, examples of risk-important tasks obtained by quantitative risk measures for i intemal events during power operation and during shutdown are provided.
l A.2.1 Internal Events During Power Operation For internal events during power operation, quantitative ranking of operator actions modeled in the FRA are available for the base case and the focused PRA, both for plant core damage frequency (CDF) and the plant large release frequency (LRF). References 2,3, and 4 provide this information. Using the quantitative criteria of Section 2.2, the risk-important tasks are identified and are listed in Table A-1. The table also shows the source (e.g., base or focused PRA; core damage or large release; risk increase or risk decrease).
In Table A-1, the quantitative risk measures for each selected action are given in terms of their
. RAW and/or RRW values. The cutoffs used for these values, as described in Section 2.2 of the report are repeated here for the convenience of the reader:
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I t
i l
l 9 !T h c;;ir UD yE Table A-1 Risk-Important Tasks for Internal Events During Power Operation 68 Base PRA Focused PRA 5o e-CDF LRF CDF LRF h%h
$ Description RAW RRW RAW RRW RAW RRW RAW RRW
$ Basic Event W 6.8 35 2.8 g 1 ADN-MAN 01 Openitor fails to manually actuate ADS 4.6 - - - -
=>
ATW-MANO3 Operator fails to manually trip reactor via PMS LOS 45 1.24 6.7 1.45 5.7 1.34
$ 2 -
9 1.23 3 ATW-MAN 04C Operator fails to manually trip reactor via DAS - - - - - - -
ATW-MAN 05 Operator fails to manually trip reactor via PMS 8.5 g - - - - -
4 - -
5 CIB-MAN 00 Operator fails to diagnose SGTR event 55 -
65 - - -
2.9 -
5 6 CIB-MAN 01 Operator fails to close MSIV for failed SG - -
4.4 - - -
2.9 -
Z g 7 LPM-MAN 01 Operator fails to recognize need for RCS - -
5.6 -
3.5 -
2.6 -
g depressurization (SLOCA/ transient)
{g 8 LPM-MAN 02 Operator fails to recognize need for RCS depressurization (MLOCA) 3.6 - - - - - - -
vi 9 REC-MANDAS Operator fails to actuate a system using DAS - - -
1.18 - - - -
REC-MANDASC only 10 REN-MAN 03 Operator fails to open IRWST valves to flood - -
5.4 - - - - -
reactor cavity 11 REN-MAN 04 Operator fails to actuate containment sump 5.0 - - - - - - -
recire. after level signal fails 12 RTN-MAN 01 Operator fails to perform controlled shutdown 3.7 - - - - - - -
(OTil-SDMAN)
W 33M k
a
l 1
A-3
. Focused PRA: RAW 22
. RRW 21.05 From Table A-1, it is observed that 12 human actions / tasks are identified as risk-important for intemal events during power operation.
- A.2.2 Internal Events During Shutdown For intemal events during shutdown, quantitative risk measures for only CDF are available.
Applying the quantitative criteria of Section 2.2 to the CDF results of the base case and the focused PRA, the risk-important tasks are identified below. The risk-important tasks for LRF for shutdos n events can be later identified using qualitative criteria.
Base PRA When the risk-important measures and threshold values are applied to the output of the AP600 CDF for shutdown events (Ref. 5) a total of three risk-important tasks result from the application of i
- risk-increase and risk-decrease measures. These are:
Operator fails to recognize a need for Reactor Coolant System (RCS) depressunzation (LPM-MAN-05)
)
Operator fails to open two in-containment refueling water storage tanks (IRWSTs) motor- I operated valves (MOVs) (IWN-MAN-00)
. Operator fails to recognize the need to open normal residual heat removal (RNS) i MOV-V023(RHN-MAN-05)
Initiating events are also examined to determine whether there are any cases where operator actions substantially contribute to the frequency of the initiating event. Three initiating events were identified that met the criteria for risk-increase and/or risk-decrease and where assumptions of a human error substantially contributed to the frequency of the initiating event.
. Theseinitiating events are:
. RCS overdrain during drainage to midloop condition initiating event occurs
.~ Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) due to inadvertent opening of RNS-V024 initiating event occurs-hot / cold shutdown Integration of Human Reliability Analysis with Human Factors Revision 1 m:\3233w.wpf:1b-100296 September 1996
A-4 LOCA due to inadvertent opening of RNS-V024 initiating event occurs - RCS drained There are three operator actions identified that substantially contribute to these initiating events .
and are therefore considered risk-important tasks:
Failure to align the RNS to provide a diversion path to the IRWST during cold shutdown, and terminate the event by reclosing the valve Failure to observe failure of the hot-leg-levelinstruments and failure to close the air-operated valves chemical and volume control system (CVS)-V045 and V047 to preclude
- initial overdraining of the RCS, during draining of the system to mid-loop Failure to detect failure of automatic closure of air-operated valves CVS-V045 and V047, and failure to manually close the valves, when low hot-leg-level is reached during drainingof thesystemtomidloop Focused PRA When the results of the focused PRA sensitivity study for CDF are examined (Ref. 6), using a risk-increase threshold of 100 percent and a risk-decrease threshold of 5 percent, no new risk-important tasks are identified for shutdown events. A total of one risk-important task results from the application of risk-increase and risk-decrease measures to the focused PRA sensitivity study for shutdown events.Thisis:
. Operator fails to open two IRWST MOVs (IWN-MAN-00)
Note this operator action was already identified to be risk-important based on the base shutdown PRA.
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