ML20126E371
| ML20126E371 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000510 |
| Issue date: | 03/12/1979 |
| From: | Kollmeyer R U.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY, NEW LONDON, CT |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20126E284 | List: |
| References | |
| 11080.1B, NUDOCS 8506170060 | |
| Download: ML20126E371 (26) | |
Text
_ _
D TMENT OF TRANSPORTATI J
O~
9 o,iu~a AceRE$s (ds-3) s UNITED STATES COAST GUARD S J E RI NT E N C E*e7 US CC AST GL ARD AC ADEM Y
,\\
NE W LONDON CONN 04i320 e
CICSISST 11080.13 12 '.! arch 1979 DEPARBEST OF PhTSICAL AND OCEA'i SCIENCES INSTRUCTION 11030.L4 Subj: Radiological Safety 1.
Purcose: To proculgate regulations and guidance pertaining to the use of radioisotopes and devices producing radiation.
2.
Cancellation. EFCSINS'" 11080.1A dated 1 June 1974 is hereby can-celled.
3.
General.
a.
Thi'= 'ca-4"g abcut radiation radicactive substances. and generf latera:Ory techniques, cadets and sta'f :nenters of -he depar :aen: may be e.gesed to icnini.g r1 M tion.
In crder to reduce these e:gesurcs to the 'ninica:n level ::cssible withcut i:gesing undue restri::icts upcn the use of ratenals and scuiptent sci::ing icnining adia:icn it is necessar/
that de, car cental meciers involved in such pregn :s te a.mre of the l
potential hanards involv=d in werking n:h these radi::icn fevices.
A depart ental Fadiological Safety O'ficer (FSC) sha'l be fesignated to accccplish this and to advise all deparrental cpentiens in this area.
~he srecific duties of the PSC a e cutlined in encicsu: e (l'i.
b.
Althcugh the ?SO has Overa'l espctsibili:y f:r the radiolcgical safety pregn:n, all deparrent ceciers wcrking wi-h adicactive cr= d
=
and/cr radiation generating devices have specific respctsibility f:r : heir cwn segnen: of the prcgrx: including radiaticn sadety.
Encicsu e (2' has been prepa ed to assist staff enters in tecccir; faciliar with these respctsibilities.
3.
Action. All departr. ental users of radi1:ica devices shall becctne familiar and cceply with the guidelines and policies set fcrth within this instructicn.
4.
Effective rate. 21s instruction is effective upon receipt.
0 l'
R. C.6 :-ILUC.s Acti g 8506170060 050521 REG 1 LIC70 pg SNM-0463 g,g/CSWl'0
12 March 1979 Subj: Radiological Safety Encl:
(1) Duties of Departmental Padiological Safety Officer (2) Departmental Policies and Procedures for the Use of Padio-isotopes and Radiation Producing Devices Tab A: Exs::pt Quantities of Byproduct 1!aterial Tab B: Radiation Protection and the Use of Padionuclides Tab C: Padiation Protection and the Use of the X-Psy Diffraction and Spectrographic Units Tab D: Padiation Protection and the Use of lasers Tab E: Authorized Users of Licensed Quantities of Byproduct
'hterials Tab F: Authorized Cperators of X-Pay Diffraction and Spectm graphic Units Tab G: Custodians of Departmental Byproduct 1hterials Tab H: F;nergency Frecedures Pertaining to Accidents Involving the X-Pay Diffraction and Spectrographic Units Tab I: Leak Tests Tab J: ?;uliaticn Safety Standards - for pcsting in latcra: cries Dist:
All Deparrent '!ecters All Bulletin Eca t 2
. LtT. IES OF DEPARTMEh ADIOLOGICAL SAEIY OFFICER 1.
While it nust be understood that safety is the parancunt responsi-bility of all depart:mnt mcebers working with radioactive caterials and radiation generating devices, one nmber of the department will be desig-nated as Padiological Safety Officer (PSO).
"his duty shall be designated only to a staff mceter having the knowledge and training needed to measure ionizing radiation and to make recccrendations regarding radiation pro-tection.
It shall be the responsibility of all department mecters working I
with ionizing radiation to follow the recccraendaticns and instructions drawn up by the PSO in the interests of radiation protection; further to use the protective devices provided for their welfare, and to bring to the notice of the PSO any defec' that may beccme apparent. The PSO shall report directly to the Department Head.
Specifically this staff mater shall:
a.
Establish, procnigate and insure that cperational preceduns pertaining to radiatica safety are carried out so tha: the radiaticn expcsure of each werker is kept as far belcw the :mx*.na:m pe rmissible dose equivalent as possible.
b.
P:evide instructica in safety practices as requirM, fcr all perscnnel who werk vith icnining radiaticn.
c.
F.equira a system of perscnnsi.~.rnitoring where deened necessa-';
d.
F.equire the establishne c' -w, - 4 ~ con::al 1 eas including placecen of apprcpriate radiation warning sips and/or devices where seened necessar;.
e.
Provide for annual radiation sa'ery inspecti:ns of C1 cperaticcs using radicactive materials and/or radiaticn generating devices.
f.
Festric: the t:se of radicactive :a:er11's and 'cr ra"'-"n generating devices to perscnnel who deccnstra:e a '=cwlMge of the e
materials, equipment r.d safety p: ceduns rcquired to insure the sa'e y of thecselves and werkers in the vicinity g.
Faview and approve the establishment of new cperations and or
/
changes to preceduns and :ncdifications to equipmen producing icnining mdiaticn.
h.
=aintain the departmental AEC byproduct material license and AEC special nuclear materials license.
1.
Investigate any case of abno: nal radiation exposure to perscnnel and take remedial action, if necessarf.
j.
Insure departmental cccpliance with all applicable Federal, State, and local rules and regulations.
k.
Insure that proper security of radioactive materials and radiation producing equiptent is maintained.
UCICSi2E (1)
DEPARTMENTAL POLICir.S AND PROCEDURES FOR Tile USE OF RADIO!SOTOPES AND RADIATION PRODUCING DEVICES 1.
Gene ra l.
s Wn..le learn.ing acout rad. t ion, rad.icact.ive substances, and a.
i ia general laboratory techniques ccdc s and staf f m:mbers may be exposed to ionizing radiation.
tlhile the individual in charge may realize that def-Inite safeguards are required, he may not be certain how to provide them.
It is the purpose of this enclosure to provide the needed information.
b.
At present it is well recognized that over-exposure to nuclear and x radiation is harmful.
Although there is considerable informaticn on the possible kinds of injury, and en the dose levels necessary for their development, certain features are still not completely clarifie.
In addition :0 reccgnized radia:!cn scurecs, many ele treni devi:cs emi:
radiation as an unwon :d byprecu :, either in their normal cperati:n r
under special circumstances.
Radiatien effe::s en h' man beings are of two general kircs.
T' e c.
first is injury :: :he bcdy :!ssues of :he irradia:e: individual (2:ma:i:
effect).
The se:Ond is injury :o :ne gera plasm of :he irrc:ia:e: :2rsen; such injury.ccuid cct :e a:: aran in the individual but misn: 00:0.~a evi:ent in the transmission of nereci:ary defects to tne des :ncan:s U2na: I: ef f e::i.
d.
Much is kne..n a:cu
- e deses of radia:ica necessar
- cr::.:e early or l at a scratic injury: trie cose5 in gererai die t:nsiJe"i !?.
for the radiatien scuress use: in this ce:artment su:n deses ::ul: :e recei.e:
by an incivicual niy as a resui: cf gr:ss ca.eiessesss or Of ignersnes :f the presenca Of radiaticn.
e.
Genetic d:m:ge is mere sub:le, i, that i: b2::mes m:nif25: :-'y in futura genera:!:ns.
Thara 3:: cars :: be no 1:wer level :: *r2 r 0.n:
of rediation. nich cy pr cuca sc.me gene:!: effec:, tra ex::n:
f may be a;me: ed t0 increcsc wi:n :ne d:se.
Fu rt.~.e rro re, :n :e ;n2 ::52 nas been received, :here are:cbl / is littic recovery fren i:s effe :s.
The individual retains al:eraticas in his geneti ma:erial, rnd his ::s-cendants (cenceived af ter irradia:icn) may show :ne results Of such cannga.
Tn.e inoividual who. her.ts genet.ic mutat. ions, in all m.onesty nc.. ver, ncy in i
have changes whic'h are beneficial - as a mutation does not r.:cesscrily mean a hcrmful change.
dever! css, it.is.important to,acep.tercci::::n 0, g
the reprcductive crgens to a minimem.
ENCLOSURE (2)
paximum Permissible Coses for Educatienc1 Institutiens.
2.
a.
P.csults or varicus stu,n.cs en rad.iation ex osure gave.cen util.r:ec e
m u
in developing reccar:ndcticns for Maximum Permissible Coses (MFDs) by tha Nat.icnal Council on ad.iaticn Protecticn anc :9asurenents.
ine prenary n
I goal is to kcep radiatica exposure of the individual aell belcw a 1:sel at which adverse ef fects are likely to be observed during hi-lif: time.
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institutiens the folle. sing M?Ds have been rec mended.
(1)
Students ever 13 vcars of ace and staff Such ir.dividuals should not receive an ex:csure exceecir.g 0.3 rem per year in acci ti:n to natural Le a - k
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c.
Equipment Producing lenizing Rcdiation (1) Of the various kinds of radiation produced by high-voltage equipment only the ionizing types such as x-rays and electrons are within the scope of this program.
Public Law 90-602 pro-vides thct th,e Secretary of Health, Education, and Welf are shall establish an " electronic product radiation control uregrca which shall include the development and administration of performance standards to control the emission of electronic product rad i a t i on.'
To date the performance standards authorized under the law have l
not been promulgated.
f;ontheless, a set of guidelines entitled RADI ATI0li SAFETY RECO tEi!OATIO lS FOR X-RAY DI FFRACTIC.'; A: D S?ECTRO SCOPIC EQUIPME!!T (MORP-63-14) has been issued by HEU.
Until sucn time as the Secretary determines what the regulatory s:andards shall be (MORP-68-14) shall be adhered :o by all members of the department using elec:renic equipment producing icnizing rac" lation.
(2) The specific =ctential elec:renic radiation ba: ares maln:ained 5 y this depar:ren: are :ne x-ray :;f f rac:ica and spec:r:ges:n::
units.
These uni:s snall cr.ly be used as :escribe: in Tc: 0 ::
this Enclosure.
They shall never be use: by c:har : ban caera: ors authcrized :y :ne Aadia:i:n Safe:y Officer.
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be censidered as a : ssi'!c 5:u c3 f x-cdiatier even - : ;-
it was not desi; red for :na curpcse.
5:aff renbers :: era:; ;
devicas havir; :ubes coers:ing accvc :.,is rang 2 sma'i a. se the Radiatica Safe:y Cf#icer sc :na; safc:y inspe::::r.s ::r :e made.
(4) Several ty?cs of equi: men fcund in the de:ar: rent ray be cer-fectly saf
- use :y th2mselves ::: rc: whan.s ac i n ::nj.rcticn with another iten.
For e.xerple, :ne inducticn ::il, Teis: ::iis,
' Vimburst static machines, ard small Van de 3ra:f gen 2r:ccrs are normally epcrated so : hat the sparks they precuca occur c: a:-
mospheric pressure.
Even though the voltage mcy be h!;n, tne ions and electrons involved do not gain sufficien: onergy :a:.icen collisions to cauce x-rays.
On the other hand, if :ha voir.:ga from such a source is c;pii.-d across an evacucted dischcrge tube, the production of x-rays can beccme a significant h:::re.
All depart =ct.: members are cautioned :o avoid such petan !al hazards.
3
d.
L,a s e r s.
Several facts have been established to indicate that laser devices currently produced for use in classrecms can cose hazards for injury to both students and instructcrs.
Th: de-partment presently has several lasers.
All are capable of causing human injury, namely changes to retinal cells and/or retinal burns.
Although a federal radiation safety performance standard for lasers has not yet been developed, tne precauticas outlined in Tab D to this Enclosure are generally accepted as adequate to minimize the risk of injury of students and other observers.
All staff members using or intending to use lasers shall beccme familiar with and adhere to these precautions, c.
Security of Sources.
All departmental scurces, whether exempt er not, shall be secured, when not in use, in such a manner so as to prevent unau:horized use.
The storage le:ation mus: a!s: Or:vida adequate shielding, as necessary.
The Radielegical Safety Of#icer shall nertally a : as scurce cus::dian.
5:ur:e cus:ci tns 0:her than the RSC shall :s desig, aced by :Me de ar: er: ' cad as e-quired and lis::: in Tc: G :: : Sis E,:1:su e. All s::ra;2 a eas shall be labelled in a:::r:ance ni:r AI: regula:i:ns.
r!' s ur::
custodi:ns shall kee; :en:inucus re: ores of eacn scur:2, its locatien, its criginti assay w!:n da:2, user an: ~!rci dis:osi:! c.
l Each cus ::icr is dirac: y res:ensi:12 for tre s:ur : "e air:2ics l
and shall ins.r2 :na: :ne scur:a are Orly a:e avatia:!e :: a.: :r-i:ec users art s al'.
e;cr: any nis. sage cr less '.e:'t: sir ::
ch. acn I
(1)
Exempted cuan:::ies of reci:nu:: ices :nc lasars may :e used by and under :Fe su:ervisi:n Of all c2;sr:ren:a 3::
am-bers provided
'ay ::mply..i:n :be g.id:li92s ::n.ai ad.;:r -
this Enc!:sur: an: i:s Tc:s.
(2)
Li:ensed ;uanti::es cf radi:nuclides sball cni-be used :v and under the su:ervisicn :f :ncse incividua;s lis::: in Tcb E :c :nis Encicsure.
~
(3)
The x-ray diffracti:n and spe::regraphic uni: 3 snal; en!-
be cperated by :he incividuals specified in T;a.: to tnis Enclosure.
(4)
The Radiological Safety Officer may authori:2 uc2 of de-partnantal scarcas to additional staf' em 3rs orev:ded each is trained in :Fe orc:ce use of and is <n:wie4cca!e in the safuty pr::autions necessary fcr tha p;rti:ular sou.cc.
.h.
A to Enclosure (2) tXEMPT QUANTITIES OF DYPRCDt!CT c TERIAL 6 30.71 Titto 10-Atemic Energy Non.1: mv rs thaw e d. iter ce inta t aterve By;'reduct rets!crf::
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ab D to Enclosure (2)
Radiation Protection and the Use of Radionuclides 1.
Protection Anainst the External Hazard Frem a Radiation Source a.
In all experiments, the experimenter shall choose the source of minimum strength to do the experiment.
b.
Each experiment shall be designed in such a manner that'_no_
individual receives more than 0.01 rem while carrying it out.
c.
To accomplish b., one may have to consider exposure time, distance from the source to the individual, and shiciding.
d.
For a source of given strength, the absorbed dose is proportional to the duration of the exposure.
For all practical purposes the ex:csure rate varies inversely with e.
the square of the dis:ance frcm :he scurce.
f.
Lead shielding, foil and brick, is availab!e wi:nin th: decart.en:
,O w,....,.,
L.....s..
c ta i
g.' A l t.". - ". ". o
. "... v.
- - / a. e i * '.." 3. ",.".->.'i.
.d 2
> ~
.. ". '..-"..-r.a, a
p g d j.e, J.,:.
.= y..,.
.e
.e..,r * -
B i.n.e
-j
.,.c w..-
3...:.,-.. -..
.3 w.
C.C.ee 4 al1 c !.
e s.3
.=.,.',;
(*.3
,..=.s.....'
4
- r. e. -. 2.
.,.:.,,..1..,.
. e.
.. +..,...
s.
minieustry..; pcian:iai cr res.!:anc 00n;3n!'a;'On ~ FO ' i 50'F 3
- F -
' v. ar v:."i.,
..-..n-.t...
,- - i.-..'. a. i ' v.
.=.= n' a.. " >. i...= - - = 1. =..'...
y...
a.
U. k..a m e v.=.
e-a- e i ' '. '..
- a. x. a. r i =.....- - * - a ', I '. l =. n.> x. =. - t.
e -..-
...' 3
~
- w. a),.,...,
.t in
.... -,. - i..,31..,...
-:,3.
.e.
.,..r.
m..,
- o..... i r, r... c,.,..,.,.
2...
...2 hcndlec.
b.
T +
- L s ".- '.... s *. l ' "
a.- =. e. s." -
~r w.*...,.' "..*m'... v i. ' "...-.' '.=...',
the general ares.i'l ba surveyed orier :: :ne stor: cf :Ps ax-
'periment anc :na backgrcund.sili be recccced.
A =ackgrcuns count for the arza will also be taken af:er the ex:ari cr:ci apparatus is removed.
Any con:cuinatico shall be ciesneu up and brought. to the attenticn of the RSC (a survay T.cter is c.cilable in the nuclear physics lab).
c.
Dir.posible protective gloves will be worn t.: all times ".hile hcndlir.g sources (th se are available in :he nuclear to,3ics lab).
l
P 7
F d.
All individuals working with the source shall dispose of their gloves, wash their nands, and survey their clothes before leaving the area.
e.
No radioactive source irrecardless of intensity shall be kep:
close to the skin (i.e., in a plastic container in someone's pccket) for any extended length of time.
f.
All possible precautions shall be taken to prevent radioactive materials irrespe :ive of amcunt frca gaining entry to the body.
- Ecting, drinking, and smcking shall eat be termitted in the ex:eriment area.
g.
Unsealed scuress shall cnly be used by individuals abc demonstrate to the RSO cn abili:y :: use same safely.
(A film strip and instru:: n on their use is available f r:c. :ne RSO en request.)
h.
All containers of radioactive aterial shall be pr:periy 1 :aied at all Inas.
The label shall indicata :na date of :he a:scy and :h: 'C and c,ucnti: Or radica::!ve ma:erici, ar.: snall carry the s:ardarc
- ii:.v and msgen:2.ra:icac:i.1:
symbol.
(Lacels are availacie in :he
- lear 7
physics ! b).
i.
Whe.n radinaeriva l i mil a c sea bal ;
es,.
,w.: t nead ce==,
,o taken to av0!d spilling Or smearing thsa.
Al l experimen ts '.s !.; I I:ui :
scur:cs shall :e Confine: :0 a singie icca:icn.
The worsing surfa:: :?
this locati:n rus be of a ncn-abscrban: mat.'-i:1 such as 73:31, :I:s'.::,
or g].,e.
..v...ia
,s.,
w,
. i.. e.
- a... n
.p.... u.
.a..
.c....2..,
........e.
.2 2.
.2..
.e...
spills can be easily :! cared.
J.
Exem::ed cu ntitics of rcdica::ive ru:lides in s:Iu:i:n 3 211
- not be add:d :: gather ::
b:ain a scur:a cf c nighe ac:i/t:,<.
1.'
i;12c activities era basired tre RSO snali be cavi::e sc tha; pr: par auth:ri-zation can be cc:ained for : hair acquisition.
k.
When work with exerpted qucn:ities et liquid scurcas aas been completrJ they may be disposed of in the sani tary sewar syst:m, bei--
flushed cway uie.h'a cecious arount of extra nater.
Larger cmcunts cc si r-ing disposal are rc: :o c cisposec ci ut rc:ncr :o be brough; to :h:
attentien of the RSO.
1.
All solid excmeted curntitics of
.dto ctive.r:ste ch:!1 S: ple:::
in the rpucially lab: icd : n in the nuclear anysics icberster.. Lar~ r amounts whi:n require dis csci are to bc urcugn: :: the a *.cn:icn :: :r:
r RSO.
1.
L m.
con::iners Of :11 c:dicactiv: scurecc shall be ma;; closc: s: 211 1
'timc c:..::pt s.hsn in ac;ual ecc.
h Pipettir.g of radio ctive scletions by mcuth shcIl acver be perni::cd.
n.
l i
r'
)
Tab C to Enc'losur.e',(2.)
Radiation Protection and the Use of the X-ray Diffraction and Snectrngrcnhic Units 1.
The use of the x-ray diftrcction and spectrographic units maintained by the department shall be governed by the following policies anc guide l.ines:
A person shall be appointed to be responsible for radiation safety a.
within the area cf cperation.
whenever feasible this person shall be the departmental Radiation Safety Officer.
He shall be responsicle for the fol lo. ting :
(1)
Insuring that cperaticnal procedures pertaining to rcdiation safety are established and carried cut so tha: the radiation ex:csure or each worker is kept as far belcw :.,,.e maximum permissi:3.e ecsc equivalen; as is practical.
(2)
Providing ins:ru::icn in safe:y prac:i.es fer all :erscnnel Who wer.,.ti.....
. a x...../
- a. ;.:........i..n c..-
u
...a.......
2r.,.
i 2.
(3)
Insuring tha: an acequate system Of cers nna!
cni.cri g is nain:cired end used.
(4)
Insurin; the es ts:!'s" e. : :? c:diati:n ::nt.:1 a shs, i-cluding cir:eren: Of e: Orc:ris:s rccia:!:n tar-i.; s ;ns sedc:- :av:: :.
fe\\
n
.i n n. c. '. l v e t ut. X ay Cl -
.. 0...u.. T. y g,
.w.
.awia.vi.
mae sy frcc:iCn and c eOte:g 3 hi eCui: en:.
(D' \\
4"5 ev. i,.esI..
)
3
.G..~W.:..
..- ?wI:
.s L. W.s.
e.J A. _.../,........
.w
=
.. s 3 a.s g i ;
includi g x-ray : :e ;;us i ng, :a.aras, c i f ec:::: e:ers, snic'.i,, an.
scfe;y in:eri;;ks.
8 (7) laves igating any ::se cf abn;r ci cdictica ex :sur. ::
persennel and :: king r2mecial cc:icn, if neces:ary.
-t8) insuring c:mplianc: arth all applicable Fecera, 5:::2,
'and departmen:al rules enc rege;ctions.
b.
In the event the person respcnsible for the general r: diction safaty pror cm is not a user of the x-ray facility a senior f: cili y operc:or (STO) th:ll also b2 cppoint d.
The Sr0 shall
- is: ced be responsibic to th RSO in tha folicwing areas:
(1)
He sha!! provide training in :he prepar use of the..r: nines as rce,uire.
(2)
Cvc rsee t. e parfr~mnce c' en..c:! fi ca !cns :: :L: '. - r : 7 apcar:Lus; in:1Ldint.x-r:y tube n using,
- mar:s, di f f ruc: r2::rs, cric.0-ing cno s&1 ety in:ce60 ks.
o..
If there is any reason to suspect centamination or an accident occurs, isolate the area, clean it, and contact the RSO.
p.
Only individuals specified to Tab D to this Enclosure shall use licensed sources.
q.
lio radioactive materials shall be left cut unattended for extended lengths of time.
b s
6 m
e
-3
(3)
Re: Sin persennel m.cni toring data in such a nanner as to provide a permanent record.vbich shall te available for examinatien by all personnel concerned.
(4)
Insure facility compliance with all safety dire :ives contained herein and these issued subsequently by :he RSO.
(5) oversee the operatien of the f acility by all other authorized operators.
(6)
Establish and pos: r. car etch x-ray unit a preoperational check-off lis: to be follcwed bv. all operators.
As a mini u this will require checking Operatinc con:r:ls, safe:y devices, ar.d :na experimen:al apparatus before :he x-ray :ube is :urned en.
...a.
,s...
...ese e. L t.-. a r... -. ".. a 1 1 ' e l.'. ~i. ^..". -
c.
i n e a u.. w.., ;..,, a e..
faculty members and in special casas :sde:s..ne:
(j')
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w
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s o. E..s *, 1
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c.
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D.s i c.,
4..'.. =..<..>.-i.... I..: u.." -..>....- *'..a..- '.... ~..'.
fee,.UwV$.-ci..
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r..,
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- k.. n.... e. '.n
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w d C \\* i L 2 s b y *' '. C i a L G.* i ;* C)C r '
VC. - -
(6)
Never modify the apparatus without the prior approval of the RSO and SFO.
(7)
Perform a ccreful prcepcrational check of operating controls, safety devices, and experimental apparatus before turning on :he x-ray machine.
(8)
Never intentionally cause any part of the human body to be exposed to the primary radiation beam of these units.
(9)
Never permit a non-authorized operator to use the units without proper supervi sicn.
(10)
Comply with all safety directives centained herein and those issued subsequently by the ?.50 and SFO.
(11)
Notify :he RSC and SFO i. ediately Of <ncwn or suspe::ec abnormal radiatica expcsure to himself er c:ners.
2.
In addi:!ca :o the aforemen:icne: :he foliewing genera! :pera:i:nal and safety prececures shall be foll wed:
a.
Only trained ers: nel, cs a:: eved y :e radia:!:. :r:*.::: :-
officer and 3FC, s.all be :ermi 2:
0 Inst;!..
e:3I, : P -.a.e
- 'e' : ;.7 r.a u i n e.-
-.- ' # i. a. '.,... s..-... x. a y 3..'.- 3.. i,-
.=..--=s..3...-
-=.
..m...
,..,-,,..,,.i,,,
b.
Procacures and a::ars us u:ili:e: in taan aligr en: sn:li :e :e-signated to.inimi : radi::icn expcsure :: :ne :pera::r.
g.
y, j.-. s.,.....,.,...,...a....
.,r.,..t...
3.a..3.t...............,:
..e,.
2 g
ha gg*b,.}{.W.4 s.
.A J,f..,
W.,
..,. aw!..!..n
.,,,.3...J.
22......
J
.II $,
.y
.d 3....
.6
..s iG.
...w.
.i-3.
w.
shall ba :03:20 in a cens;icuous i:ca:!:n ece caca x--
. ci3# :::: :r or spc rOgr00ni: uni *.
The32 sh:ii list Ole:J:12 n u.- O c r s O f a : n j s ; :. - -
cnd the radiaticn pro:ec-ion of fi car anc, cs a mini-.m, s cuid in:1.d:
instrue:. ns icr :g0 t o,,i c.n n g a c ; i c a. s :o 02 :nen in ::se Of a snc.<n er suspectcd accident involving raciation ex;csure.
(1)
Nctifying radiation protection superviser.
(2)
Arranging for m: dical examination, being sure to n-:ify tha extnining physicien tha: exposure to Ica energy x-rays a:y hcve cc:urred.
d.
If, for any reason, i: is tempercrily necessory :: a l. : r t.
e.-
dsv i c c e., v::h as bypassing in:criccks er remov;ng shiclcirg, suen c.;.icn shall be:
(1)
Specified in wri tina, - aroved by :be P.50 nnd Sr0 :: :
es:e:
near tne,;-ray tube causing so :h:: o;her per:cns wi1I i..icw :r.2 c.<is.ing status at the machine.
(2)
Terminated as scen as possible.
e.
Radiation exposure to individuals, either within the radiation controlled arca or in its environs, shall be sc centrolled th:
the n: ximum perriissible dose equivaler t vclues as set forth by the National Council on Radiation Pro :ction and Measurements er Federal, Stcte, and local rul:.s and regulaticns, are not cxeceded.
See paragre::h 2 of Encicsure (2).
f.
Personnel menitoring shcl! not be required of students observ: c an experiment ccnducted by an authorized machinc cperaticn.
g.
Persennel monitoring shall be recuired of all personnel opercting an x ray machine.
See paragraph 1.d (1) of this Tab.
h.
Ra d '1 a-. I c.
.-., *..'... 'i o.. s " r '/ +. f s s.. <, I l ' c. i. u.- ~.. d.
a.
1.'c a. ". ~.i -
. y annually by the RSO.
R a d I' a s I.. -...... -..... =.- / a.,/
C. ~- '. I a.
%,- "..' ':^
1
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y a n,.,.,s..a....... -.. : :. a..,.
.2 2
.....cw..
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....;3.,,....
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.-.-y
.. = '. ' - a.
-.c.=..=.". >..-.
."y
=..= ~.
C,. r. t....3,.,. cs
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- c.... :.u...,t..,
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,2....=.
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a....,i. r s-...- -:.a..'
3...-
.. =.
- a. c -,",
. ~....., - ".., =. ~ a 'i,.."...... ".. -..+
.1 r.
a :nini.nal 1: vel anc sn:ll be less taan 2. '. in I neur at very speci icd tube ratinc..
n.
Fo r c.,
- h..a.... X..* 'f.= 3 u i "....=.v5
. '.. # - 1 1.
. J l'.. y-r..s..'...-
.c "..' '. l y.
c 6v y
appl /:
())
r ;. w.,... i., y;s;.,1., n.--,;.,,
1.,,.
.-.,c,i, i;
. s,
- 2 r / x -,,,.. '.. - ! ;*
C *... s .,. '. ^. s 2 1 p*..'. l 2
- N w'.... w'
"".'.'i,. " ",.. ' - ".. "..
.. a p p. i. n. a s,,. a.
fj.
,,..,..y
...e.
w. ;./ u-...j..... u s..
-,..a
,., u,, )
g-3 t-s
.3,
s.
'A
\\, l w N4 t.,.
s.,,. g.
.,..o,.,,!.
.'3
.,. C
- c. o,...,.....,.,.,,,..:,...... s.. :
.5
,l
.. o
- s h3 g..,i.
1 s..]l L.,.
- 1. 3.,., 16 u.,.
.w
.,.. i..,
.W.
l I:.
3 I,..,,..,.a e
u...-*
c-a!..
.., v :, s ia identified.
-)-
(2)
The operator should be in immediate attendance at all times when the equipment is in operat.icn.
Deviations frem this practice shall be cicared through the radiation protection officer.
(3)
When not in operation, the equipment shall be secured in such a way as to be accessible to, or operable by, only authorized per-sonnel.
l o.
Eacn tube housing apparatus ccmplex should be se irranged as to prevent the entry of parts of the body into the primary rodiation becm path or cause the primary radiation beam to be shut of f upon entry into its path.
p.
A shutter status (cpen or closec) indicator should be provided, en or adjccent to the tube hcusing, which will automatically indicate the pcsition of each shutter, in a readily discernible manner.
q.
A sign or label bearing the words " Caution - Radiatien - This Equipmen ?redue s X-Radia:! n When 'nargized - To Be C:erated Only It qualified ?ers nnel," or..cr:s naving similcr intent, srail ne cia: :
- r any switch.S!:b energi::d :n x-ray tube.
The sign er label sh:!i usa : c conventi:nal rs: a:ica cau:icn e lers (magen:a en a yell:., ca..;r:un:) and shall bear the c:nventi:nal radia:ica sym:ci.
r.
A s-ign er label nearir; the ceds "Cau:I:n - High
'n::nsi:y cv
- i a.., -..,.- - =-,:.. -.. ': o
=ca,,"
w.,..3
.. 3 v i.s,.
- ;.,. ; i.. ;... o. r.., -
.21' each x-ray :.:e cus! ;.
l-sneutd be i:ca 2: s: as :: :e ::2arir
.s.: 2
...e - v : -. : -. 1. n...,--. : :.. ~.~.
.u--
e.-..-.,.-.a..-
rn anu.
m,-een... ~ n
-a.
-a beam.
s.
A red or magen:3 war-i.; i*gb:.si:5 :he c:at i:n
"-r.y On,- er equivalent, snall bc 10::::: Or tr.e con:re! ;cnci and sn:II *i_n; :nl when the x-rsy tu:2 is 3::iv;;22.
Also, a :c:2'2:.< - r :,.
ub: s::;.5 (cn or eff) in i :: r, Oraf:r3:ly a rac or
- cn;a lign, sn.'.
. vided en ce cdj acen: :: ea:n tune nousin; :: :. 2 - :uca 5 ::us is r2::.>./
discerniola.
t.
Machinas.:hich utilize an x-ray dif fra::ica c = ra should ' av2 apprcpria:c ports of t,9a x-ray tuce housing arr:ng2d s: : hat eit..cr:
(1)
The x-ray' tube can be energized caly when :he camcra col-1imating system.-is in place or (2)
A shutter ms:':nism alleus the prin:ry radia:!cn b::m te pcss cnly w,cn tn,e e mara ce'iimat.ing sys:2m is in place, n
u.
Th2 coupling be:acen the x-ray tuba and the Onllin:ver of tra diffractanetar, camera, or ::hcr acces: cry shcli preven: 3.r:y x-r:7.; fr:n CSCapiaC the C:Upling.
5-h
v.
Safety interlocks shall not be used to de-activate the x-ray becm, except in an emergency or during testing of the interloc;< system.
I f the interlock sys ter.i does turn of f the x-ray ocam, it shall not be possible to resume operation without resetting the beam "0N" switen at the control panel.
All safety devices (interlocks, shutters, warning lights, etc.)
w.
shall be tested periodically to insure their proper operaticn.
These tests should be conducted once per week and shall be conducted at least once per month.
Records of such tests shall be maintained by the SFO.
x.
All tube nead ports which are not used shall be secured in the closed position in a manner which will prevent casual oper ing.
Port covers shall offer the same degree of protection as is required of the tuse hcus-ing.
y.
Permanent sniel:in; should be used in preference to tem: rary shielding whenever faas i:le.
X-ray diffrac:icn and s:e :r gre:nic equ:: en: s: 0.'s e : a: d in a recm separate fr:m ::ner acek ar:as,.vnenever pos s i a e.
b e
se D
e
Tab D to Enclosure (2)
RADI ATICH PROTECT 10ll AMD Tile USE OF LASERS 1.
The use of lasers maintained by the department shall be governed by the folicwing pol..icies and gu....nes:
iceii a.
Avoid directly viewing the beam.
Direct prcpagation of the lacer beam from the laser into the eye of an observer shall be avoided at all times.
As a general practice, do not place any portion of tbc bccy in the beam.
This practice becemes increa:ingly important as the output power of the laser device increases.
Good work practices developed early will assist the individual in working safely later with higner output units.
b.
Remove unnecessary cbiccts fecm the ca:h of the beam.
Objects with mirror-like finisacs reflect iaser ue:ms.
Vicwing :ne rcriec:ed :ccms shall
~
also be avoided.
Demonstration ecuipment, such as supper reds cc: bench surfaces, shall be pain cd er trea:aa :: Or: duce a cull, rer-reflective surface.
All cptical compenents shall be rigidly fixed with raspec: ::
their position :: :he laser.
'en is eed?d.
Use a shutter er c:: ahi:5 c.
Clock :"e he'~
can be cpara :: :c 2 ; i:., :ne : cam :: racia.c CNL( wnen necessa.y f:r essure-ments er c:scrvc:i ns.
d.
Ier"I-ate laser :33~5.
AI'.
adIa:!:n be:ms #~0m a 'asce s CI'
'3
^
r.
2, 3:sOr:i g 2.erini ::
Or0 Van u.- e: sicr'.
termina c ev....'c7.2::
...'.'i 2
- ; x.,
. :. y r.,,
.....i 3,
g a
. o.... :.,. 6 3 y w...
..g.a.e...2 w. 3. 3 3
. s y
ya.w r.........:....
t.
Aic.13,.-..,
r; cormin3.;na y2.,r;3;;,
6.
Precar? ard I3s-c.Ons*rs: I:F. s
.9
- cu
- .er3 ;
33:-*.
C: cr!!.s' :r
- -.~.-"..-....~.....a.-e.
.. + a.t
~..h a.
s i.a I I ' a. -m.'.s'.-'"
. a. a. #..*. v,
.. o.
e
..,a pcssibill y Of aa.naa:e::ad ef!c::!cn 3r:u!: 31:cys :2 ::n:I:are:.
f.
D;flect Ee:- i a '!ard :-! 3t a e.
Com:i x ex:ar' :
s :- d2-monstr:ti:ns in/uivia; estiec: :n r rcfras:icn saa:1 e : rt..::::.. i t n the beam ce?iec:icn angles con:a:nad ir a var:i:al :!:na.
Th2 lis r ::3-play system shcuic :e : ntainec in a box, c:2n cn He sidc(sl, ce: :!:sa:
en the ends, :Op and :::: m.
The haign: cf :he laser : cam axis cncal: :c established at a level beleu er above the eye level heigh: cf :h2 inste;;ter or observers, g.
Affix car:ndinn lens rieidIv to lescr.
when tha laser I used to illuminate large surr es, sucn as in :ne viewing of holegrans, becm expencir lensas shall be rigidly fixcc :: the laser.
h.
E:ui: Icser i:5 a kev e. itch.
Tna tasur shall ba c;ui;ned at:5 a key switca in :na pr.cary ;uner cir:Ei;, ra:hcr :n:n wi:h tra me: c: -
menly u:cd tcggic-type cuitch.
K:y swi::nas at: avaih :le fr:n e!c::r:ni supply stor:s for appreaimately $1. C.
1.
Do not leave an ocerable laser accessible and unattended.
J.
Reduce Ootical Pc..rer.
The optical po. ice used shall be reduced to the mininum necessary to accomplish the classrcem objective.
ficutral den-sity filters or colored plastic can be used ef fectively to reduce radiated optical power.
9 X
e h
t a.m N
F
+
s N
2 --
""i'g g,
s Tab E to Enclosure (2)
Authorized Users of Licensed Qauntities of Byoroduce Materials Authorized User Byoroduce Material Authorized to Use CAPT H. D. HANSON All Sources Held CDR B. A. PATTERSON All Sources Held LT R. F. O'HARA All Sources Held DR A. T. VEHMAN TRITIUM foil for varian aerograph gas chromatograph IO DR D. A. McGILL C
, 500 UC for Siological studies
ab F to Enclosure (2)
~
Authorized Operators of X-Ray Diffracticn and Secetrecraphic Units Authorized User Unit (s) Autherized to Use
- Dr. Saul KRAS:iER X-Ray Diffractica and Spectrcgraphi: U r. i t W
L
~
- Appoin:cd Senice F :iii'.; 0:crator
Tab G to Enclosure (2)
Custodians of Decartmental Byproduct Materials Individual Byoroduct Material Resconsible for DR A. T. WEHMAN TRITIUM Foil for Varian Aerograph Gas Chromatograph DR D. A. McGILL CI4, 400 UC for biological studies CDR B. A. PATTERSON All other departmental sources LT R. F. O'HARA All other departmental sources (after 1 July 1979)
Tab H
- Enclosure (2)
-.[s f
y.
PARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATI0t ederess ravf to UNITED STATES COAST GUARD sNNrIbe,cemy us
- f. '.*. 6h./.,
tew toncan, ccnn. cssro
'%']
%r:.sP" 1 June 1974 From:
Radiation Safety Of ficer, Departmental of Physical and Oce n Sciences Subj:
Emergency Precedures Pertaining to Accidents involving the X-Ray Diffraction and Spectrographic Units 1.
In the event that any individual is accidently exposed to the x-ray beam of the x-ray diffracticn or spectr: graphic uni: the following actions shall be taken immediately.
a.
Shut down the unit invcived, b.
No t i fv the Academy duty doc:or et extension 306.
~ !!y ::r:Ir u
with instru :icns received from :ne ncs:i:ai.
c.
Notify :.ne Radiation Safe:y Of#7:er,
- R : 7TSRSON at ex: ens':n 217, o r a t here,-2--309 l
l 2.
In :na even.: :na: v0u ar2 a user :# e:: er.n : : anc : eve::: a-ex2fainable reccening of :ne skin er :ne a:r en a region :f f
.r :::y mysteriously falls cut:
a.
Reper: to sick:ay # r a ecical examination as se:n as : e a;;aren: sym ::m is nc:ize:.
b.
Notify tne Radia :en Safe:y O'#i:ar as ;er i.:.
3.
Neither of :ne x-ray units snali :e used a#:er a k cwn er s.s:c::e:
accident involving raciaticn ex:csure un::1 a :ccro.g-eves: iga:':-
as t
been ccadu::ed an: tre causes f:r :ne acci:en: mave been ame::e.
n;n p_
.Tg C-L H C
B. A. PATTERSON
Tab I to Enclosure (2)
Instructions for Performing Leak Tests 1.
Ceneral Infonration. At this thm leak tests are required on 4 Pu-Be capsules (1-2 ci and 3-1 ci) l37 1 Cs so ((1 mC1) 1.9 mci and 1 64uC1) sealed sources 2 Co
'Ihese tests must be performed semiannually when the sources are being used and annually if they are being stored.
The wipe test should also be perfonned after a sealed source is received, transfered, subjected to any rough handling or it is for any reason suspected of having teen damaged or is leaking.
The RSO shall be notified inmediately if any wipe test shcus an activity that is significantly above backgrcund.
The tests in each case are drv wipes.
Each scurce is wiped with filter paper with moderate pressure and the filter paper counted with a suitable counter and that ccunt is cccpared with a standard source and tackgrcund radiation.
R.e Pu Ee capsules are checked for alpha radiation and the Cs ; and Co' sources are checked for gart:a.
In either case all scurces may be wiped with the sam piece of filter paper and a total activity deternized.
If this count is significantly above backgrcund or is signif-icantly higher than the results of previcus wipe tests, the prccedura nais te repea:ed for each scurce to isolate any,cssible leakage.
~he limit for ccntamination is.CC5uc so the activity of the standa:~1 used a:st be equal or less than that and the ccunting systet used must te sensitive encup. to detect that level of radiaticn.
2.
Specific Testing Instructicns.
a.
pu Ee wipe tes (1) Set up electronics for 3CCeri Surface Barrier retec cr with
=ultichannel analyner and scaler as per diagram in wipe test log.
(2) Set anplified gain so that Single Channel.4nalyner passes s's up to 8 MEV.
(3) Establish sensitivity by counting with the s nndard source in place about 3Cem frca detector.
Use the Aza, Pu233, Cm "" mixed 2
source with a streng-h of.CC043t.Ci as the standard count for five minutes and record count in leg.
(4) '.!ake a background count with a clean filter paper in place.
Count for five minutes and reccrd count in icg.
~
(5) Wipe all 4 Pu Be capsules with the filter paper, while wearing plastic gloves and minimizing handling tim.
(6) Make a five minute count using same gecmtr/ as 3 and 4 above and log results.
(7) If count shows any activity above background repeat step (6) with wipes frca individual capsules.
b.
CoS3 and Cl37 wipe test.
(1) Set up electronics for 3x3 NaI detector as per diagram in wipe test log.
(2) Set the amplifier gain and single channel analyzer windcw so that Coi0 and Csl37 peaks are accepted.
(3) F.stablish sensitivity by placing the.C05 ci Csl3~ source directly on the detector and ccunting for #4"a ~4"utes.
Record the count.
(4) '.!ake a five minute gackgcund count with a clean piece of filter paper On the detec:cr.
F.eccrd the count.
(5) Wipe all scurces with the filter paper while wearing plastic gloves and -i '- W rg the handling tim.
(6) "ake a five minute ccunt with the sam geca re of 3 and 4 above and record the results.
(7) If ccunt shcws any activity abcVe back gcund repea; step (?)
with wipes on individual scurces.
Q QR 0.
.U 0b O$
o
~
Alcha and Beta Radiation Alpha and beta emitting sources onicn g have are dangerous only i#
inhaled or ingested.
Alpna particles can not penetrate the skin.
Cnly high energy betas can penetrate the skin.
(1MeV betas have a range Of less than 3 mm in skin) and these will have les: most of their energy in doing so.
Check your hands with a survey meter after handling an alpha er beta emitting source.
Due to their lack of penetrating asility, :nese sources have very tnin covers.
Gama Radiation This is the radia:icn we must te mes c:ncernec abcut.
Sama raciati:n nas nign penetracility ::ccared ni:n al:na's anc :e:a's.
'iuclear Reguia:Ory C:rriissi:n stancar:s f:r unrestric:e areas 'O.c lats) recuire that a pers n no: receive a raciati:n ::se more ::an ECC mrem /jear Or a c:ntinacus dcse of mere : nan 2 mrea/heur :ver a acr<ing cay as a result cf nancling racicactive materials.
For ::mcarati,e
- ur:cses One average' :erscn receives eacn jear an a:ce ximata on :e Oc:y raciati:n ecse Of 110 mrem fr:m natural :ackgroun:
an 70 mren fr:m ciagncsti: X-rays.
When acrxing with a gama emitting scurce, use a Geiger-Muller survey meter to estimate the dcse you are receiving.
Survey meters measure radiaticn levels and generally read in millircentgens/heur (mR/hr).
For gama radiation:
1 mR/hr radiation level = 1 mrea/nr absor:sc dese.
Geiger-Muller meters are calibrated fcr gama radiation and reac as mucn as 50 times tec high for beta radiaticn. Mest are n0: sensitive ::
alpha particles at all.
No ex;eriment shculd allcw a student to absorb a radiaticn ecse of
,0 e m., m - -