ML20087N999

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Rev 0 to Procedure QC1.2.1, Procedure for Qualification & Certification of NDE Personnel
ML20087N999
Person / Time
Site: LaSalle Constellation icon.png
Issue date: 03/16/1982
From: Rhex Edwards, Horne M
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML20087N992 List:
References
QC1.2.1, NUDOCS 8404050315
Download: ML20087N999 (22)
v • d • e


Text

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SERVICE ,

STALLATION & SERVICE EN. NEERING DIVI

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1 PROCEDURE NO. QC1.2.1 REVISION NO. g PROCEDURE FOR QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION l 0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL l DATE OF FIRST IS$UE:

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INSTRUCTIONS:

t This procedure title was previously issued as QC-2-380 l

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jiCLIENT / COMPONENT APPROYAL Show 9*s Signatme and Date Id

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Plant lity Superintendent '

<73 .lj /S Technical Superin endent -

Authorize'd Inspecto

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PAGE 1 0F 22 "SuMElEig PROCEDURE FOR QUALIF. . TION AND CERTIFICATION TITLE: OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL

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1.0 SCOPE -

1.1 This procedure establishes the requirements for qualification and certifi-catien of personnel for Nondestructive Examination (NDE) within the General Electric Installation and Service Engineering Business Division, .

Southern Department.In addition, this procedure describes the I responsibilities and administrative controls necessary to implement the i NDE Qualification and Certification Program.

2.0 GENERAL 2.1 This procedure out' lines the requirements for training, cualification, and certification of NDE personnel. The visual examination method VT-1 is considered an NDE method and is included in this procedure.

2.2 The training course for Radiographic Examination (RT) will be administered

, by a recognized NDE school outside the company and is not considered a part of this. procedure.

2.3 The guidelines of the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) i Recommended Practice Number SNT-TC-1A,1975 Edition, are satisfied where required by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and i Pressure Vessel Code.

2.4 Personnel certifications issued prior to the date of this procedure shall remain valid until such time as they expire or are revoked.

3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Terms used in this procedure are defined as follows:

a) Qualification - the skill, training, experience, and physical ability required to properly perform duties of a specific job.

l b) Certification - the written testimony of qualification.

l c) Experience - the knowledge and skill derived from direct observation and participation in performing a nondestructive examination, d) Training - the program developed to impart the knowledge and skills -

l necessary for qualfication.

e) NDE Level III Examiner - The individual appointed by the Manager, Quality Assurance; responsible for the implementation of this procedure.

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@ TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL 4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES '

4.1 The Manager, Quality Assurance (QA) has the responsibility to assure that the program described herein is implemented.

4.2 The Manager QA shall be responsible for appointing an NDE Level III Examiner. The NDE Level III Examiner shall be responsibile for the training, qualification, and certification of personnel within the NucleLr Plant Services Section.

4 .~ 3 The Manager, QA has the responsibility to assure that training programs administered by recognized NDE schools outside the comany for the purpose of qualification of GE/I&SE personnel, meets the requirements of this procedure.

4.4 The NDE Level III shal'1 sign and issue a Certificate of Qualification for l personnel meeting the requirements of this procedure. The Manager, QA shall also sign the Certificate.

4.5 NDE personnel -shall be responsible for recording work experience on their individual NDE Experience Record (Exhibit A) and forwarding a copy of the record to the NDE Level III Examiner seni-annually.

4.6 Each manager or supervisor of a project or activity utilizing NDE person-nel shall be responsible for assuring individuals have a copy of the following prior to the commencement of work:

a) Certificate of Qualification (Exhibit B) b) Education, Training, Experience,and Examination Summary (Exhibit C) c) Vision Acuity Record (Exhibit D) 5.0 NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION METHODS 5.1 Qualification and certification of nondestructive examination personnel to this procedure shall be applicable to each of the following methods:

a) Radiograph Examination (RT) b) Ultrasonic Examination (UT) c) Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) d) Liquid Penetration Examination (PT) e) Visual Examination', VT-1 (VT-1)

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6.0 LEVELS OF OUAL'IFICATION AND DUTIES 6.1 There are three (3) basic levels of qualification designated Level I, Level II, and Level III. These levels have been sub-divided to acknow-ledge differing skills, abilities, and duties.

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6.1.1 Level I-T a) In the process of being qualified and certified to Level I, an individual may be considered ~a trainee and be certified to a Level I-T. This certification is based on the individual's edu- i cation and training which shall meet the requirements of Level I. I b) A trainee may work along with a certified individual to gain ,

experience and shall not independently conduct examinations, l interpret results of an examination, or write a report for exami-nation results, i

6.1.2 Level I a) Meets thn evel I education, training, experience and examination

, requirene s of this procedure.

, b) Qualified ,o properly perform specific calibrations, specific

. examinations, and record data according to written procedurer under 'the guidance of a Level II or Level III.

c) Not qualified to independently evaluate or accept the results of an examination.

6.1.3 Level II a) Meets the Level II education, training, experience and examina- .

tion requirements of this procedure.

b) Thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the method.

c) Qualified to direct or perform calibrations and examinations to record results in accordance with written procedures.

d) Qualified to interpret and evaluate indications in accordance with applicable codes, standard, and specifications, e) Qualified to organize and prepare reports on NDE results, f) Qualified to specify and/or prepare NDE procedures for the methods in which he is certified.

g) Qualified to provide on the job training and guidance to Level I and Level I-T personnel.

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6.1.5 Level III a) Meets the Level III education, training, experience and examina-tion requirements of this procedure.

b) Qualified to perform duties and responsibilities of a Level II.

c) Qualified to interpret codes, standards, and specifications in the preparation of procedures.

d) Qualified to establish techniques and designate the particular NDE examination and technique to be used.

e) Qualified to' train and assist qualification and certification of NDE personnel.

f) Has sufficient practicle background in the applicable materials, fabrication, and/or product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing acceptance criteria when none are other-wise availabie.

g) Provides technical direction and guidance to NDE personnel.

7.0 EDUCATION, TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE 7.1 Personnel seeking certification in a nondestructive examination method shall have sufficient education, training, and experience to ensure under-standing of the principles and procedures in those areas of NDE in which they are being certified.

7.2 Personnel shall complete an organized training course to become thoroughly f amiliar with the principles and practices of the examination method in which they are being certified.

7.3 Training courses shall be conducted by the Company (GE) or by recognized NDE schools outside the Company. GE/I&SE training course outlines shall meet as a minimum the apolicable requirements of Tables 7.3-A through 7.3-D.

7.4 Work experience requirements in Tables 7.4-A and 7.4-B expressed in months are based on a normal 40 hour4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> work week (175 hours0.00203 days <br />0.0486 hours <br />2.893519e-4 weeks <br />6.65875e-5 months <br /> per month). When work -

is performed in excess of a 40 hour4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> week, credit shall be based on total hours. Work experience shall be recorded as hours on the Individual Work Experience Record.

8.0 EXAMINATIONS

. 8.1 Examinations to verify physical and technical qualifications of NDE personnel shall be conducted by the NDE Level III Examiner (see paragraph 4.2), or his selacted representative. The written examinations shall be

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TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL

' f. '. a3 %istered without<1lIicce to reference material (closed book) except ssary data, such as graphs, tables, etc., may be used. The exami-nations shall consist of the following:

8.1.1 Physical

.An examination shall be oiven to assure natural or corrected near and far vision. The examination shall also include color and contrast per- ,

ception. The vision acuity examination shall be administered in accor- I dance with an approved procedure.

8.1.2 GENERAL (Written)

The general written examination shall cover the basic theory, princi-pies and practices relative to the applicable NDE method.

8.1.3 Specific (Written) 8.1.3.1 The specific written examination shall cover the equipment, oper-ating procedures, and examination technique the examinee may 3 encounter in his specific assignments.

8.1.3.2 The specific examination shall also cover the procodces or codes and acceptance criteria used in nondestructive examination procedures. . .

\' 8.1.4 Practical 8.1.4.1 The person considered far certification shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the NDE Level III Examiner, he is f amiliar with and can operate the necessary equipment and analyze the resultant information to the degree required.

8.1.4.2 At least one selected specimen shall be examined and evaluated to a procedure by the person considered for certification.

8.1.4.3 The description of the specimen, the examination procedure, including check points, and the results of the examination shall

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be documented.

8.1.5 Level I Examinations 8.1.5.1 General Examination - The designated number of questions for each NDE discipline shall be as follows:

Examination Method Number of Questions Radiographic 40 Magnetic Particle 30 Ultrasonic 40 Liquid Penetrant 30 Visual Examination, VT-1 15 G EN ER Ai.$ ELECThic e *==4

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PROCEDURE FOR QUALIFIc..rION AND CERTIFICATION TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL' 8.1.5.2 Specific Examination - The designated number of questions for each NDE discipline shall be as follows:

Examination Method Number of Ouestions Radiographic 20 Magnetic Particle 20 Ultrasonic 15 Liquid Penetrant 20 Visual Examination, VT-1 10 8.1.5.3 _ Practical Examination - Proficiency shall be denonstrated in performing the applicable examination, and limited evaluations of the results, on a test specimen to a written procedure. Ten check points will be reouired to establish an understanding of procedural and test requirements.

, 8.1.6 Level II Examination -

8.1.6.1 General Examination - The desi, ated number of questions for each NDE method shall be as follows:

Examination Method Number of Questions Radiographic 40 Magnetic Particle 30 Ultrasonic 40 Liquid Penetrant 30 Visual Examination, VT-1 15 8.1.6.2 Specific Examination - The designated number of questions for each NDE method shall be as follows:

Examination Method Number of Ouestions Radiopraphic 20 Magnetic Particle 15 Ultrasonic 20 Liquid Penetrant 15 Visual Examination, VT-1 10 8.1.6.3 Practical Examination - Proficiency shall be demonstrated in selectino and performing the applicable nondestructive examina-tion" and' evaluating the results obtained on one or more samples a) proved by the NDE Level III Examiner. At least ten different c1eckpoints reoutring an understanding of test variables and procedural requirements shall be included in this practical examination.

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  • PROCEDURE FOR OVALIF. iTION AND CERTIFICATION TITLE:0F N0NDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL l

8.1.7 Level III Examination 8.1.7.1 General Examination - 30 NDE Level II questions on the NDE method to be certified, plus 10 NDE Level II general questions each in three other NDE methods. (A total of sixty questions).

8.1.7.2 Specific Examination - The designated number of questions for each NUE method shall be as follows:

Examination Method Number of Ouestions Radiographic 20 Magnetic Particle 20 Ultrasonic 20 Liquid Penetrant 20 Visual Examination, VT-1 10 8.1.7.3 Practical Examination - Proficiency shall be demonstrated in sel-

' ecting, specifying, and writing specifications and/or procedures for the performance of the applicable nondestructive examination using appropriate reference material.

8.2 Grading .

8.2.1 Tne NDE Level III Examiner shall be responsible for the conducting and grading of examinations of NDE personnel. The actual administration and grading of examinations may be delegated to the duly selected representative of the NDE Level III Examiner individual and so recorded. .

8.2.2 Minimum required percentile grades for Levels I, II and III are detailed in pargraph 8.2.3. These grades shall be a composite grade based upon the general, specific and practical tests as weighed in paragraph 8.2.4.

l l 8.2.3 Examination for Levels I and II recuires a composite grade of 80% or greater. In addition, each grade for the general, specific and practi-t cal examinations shall be 70% or greater. Test objects shall be used in the practical examinations of Levels I and II and at least 90% of the known indications shall be found. For Level III, a composite grade of 90% is reauired, and no. grade shall be less than 80%.

8.2.4 A percent 4le weight factor shall be applied' to the percentage grades of the various examinations. The percentile weight assigned any parti-cular examination shall be as listed below:

8.2.4.1 NDE Level I and II Examination Grades 1.

General -

0.3

2. Specific -

0.4

3. Practical - 0.3

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@ TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL p-8.2.4.2 Level III Examination Grades -

1. General -

0.4

2. Specific -

0.4

3. Practical - 0.2 8.2.4.3 The composite grade (Gc) is determined as follows:

Gc = (Gg x Wg) + (Gs x. Ws) + (Gp x Wp)

Where Gc = Composite Grade Gg = Actual grade from general examination in pecent j Wg = Percentile weight of general ' examination Gs = Actual grade from specific examinatior in percent Ws = Percentile weight of specific examin!",on Gp = Actual grade from practical examina .on in percent Wp = Percentile weight of practical examination 8.2.4.4 Example:

Test results obtained for Level I examination =

General (Gg) = 87%

Specific (Gs) = 93%

Practical (Gp) = 90%

Percentile weight assigned for each examination General (Wg) = 0.3 Specific (Ws) = 0.4 Practical (Wp) = 0.3 T5 .

Then: Gc = (87 x 0.3) + (93 x 0.4) + (90 x 0.3)

Gc = 26.1 + 37.2 + 27.0 Cc = 90.3%

8.3 Re-examination Those failing to attain the reouired grades must wait at least 30 days or show evidence of having received suitable additional training as determined by the Manager, OA. .

9.0 CERTIFICATION 9.1 Certification of NDE personnel is the responsibility of the NDE Level III Examiner with approval by the Manager, QA (paragraph 4.4).

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PAGE 9 0F 22 igjggg PROCEDURE FOR QUALIFI, i!ON AND CERTIFICATION TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL 9.2 Certification of NDE personnel shall be based on demonstration of satisfac-tory qualification as determined by procedure outlined in Se,ctions 7.0 and 8.0.

9.3 Certification records for NDE personnel, shall be kept on file in the office of and maintained by the NDE Level III Examiner. The certification records shall consist of the following, as a minimum:

a) Name of certified individual b) Level of certification and eicamination method c) Educational background and experience of certified individual d) Statement indicating satisfactory completion and records of training in accordance with* the employer's written procedure.

e) Results of the physical examination prescribed as v.sion acuity and contrast perception, f) Copies of current examination and percentile weights assigned to each examination and grades of all previous examinations and a description of the practical test object.

g Composite grade of examination h Effective'and expiration date of certification or recertification date i Signature of certifying agency representative 9.4 Re-certification 9.4.1 The levels of NDE personnel shall be re-certified at least once every three years by re-examination in accordance with Sections 8.0 and 9.0.

9.4.2 Certifications may be revoked at the discretion of the Manager, QA.

l 9.4.3 NDE personnel not performing to a particular NDE method for a period of one year (interrupted service) shall be re-examined in accordance with Sections 8.0 and 9.0.

10.0 ACCEPTANCE OF NDE CERTIFICATIONS FROM OTHER GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY COMPONENT 5 Individuals holding current NDE certifications from other General Electric components shall be certified to this procedure by examination providing the individuals have been actively engaged in the applicable NDE method within the last one year.

11.0 TERMINATION -

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11.1 Certifications shall be automatically terminated when an employee leaves General Electric Company.

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11.2 A terminated Level I or II employee from another company may be certified to his former NDE level based on examination as described in Section 8.0 provided all of the following conditions are met to the sati'sfaction of the Manager, QA:

a) The employee has proof of prior certification b) The employee was working in the capacity to which he had been certi-fled within six months of his termination c) The employee is being re-certified within six months of his termination f

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_2 TITLE:0F NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONN TABLE 7.3-A VISUAL EXAMINATION METHOD (VT-1)

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SUBJECT TRAINING HOURS Level I Level II 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of Visual Examination .5* .5** 0* 0**

a Condition of pa.rt b Alignment of mating surfaces c Shape of part d Evidence of leaking 2.0 Visual Examination Methods .5 .5 2.1 Direct Visual Examination .5 .5 2.2 Remote Visual Examination 3.0 Visual Indications 3.1 Type of Indications '

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.2 Reason for Indications 3.3 Appearance of Indications 4.0 Visual Examination Aids 4.1 Optical Equipment 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 4.2 Linear Measuring Equipment 4.3 Pressure Gauges 4.4 Temperature Indicators 5.0 Procedures 5.1 Requirments 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.2 Reports TOTAL MINIMUM HOURS j 4.0 4 . 0' 4.0 4.0

  • Two years
    • High SchoolorGrad more of College Engineering or Science Study uate or equivalent i

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l TABLE 7.3-B LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION METHOD SUBJECT TRAINING HOURS Level I Level II 1.0 Principles 1.0* 1.0** 1.0* 2.0**

a) General b Physics c Visibility of Indications d Examination Procedure e Examination Proc 5ss f) Process Selection g) Capabilities of Examination h) Limitations 2.0 Equipment and Materials 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 a) Precleaning.and Postcleaning Equipment b) Stationary Penetrant Test Equipment c Portable Penetrant Test Equipment d Black Light .

e Materials

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3.0 Techniques 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 a) General b) Surface Preparation c Application of Penetrants d Application of Emulsifier e Removal of Penetrants f) Application of Developer g) Drying .

h) Penetrant Examination Processes 4.0 Interpretation of Test Results 1.0* 1.0** 1.0* 2.0**

a) General b) Indications c) Categories of Relevant Indications d) Dis:ontinuity Depth Determination i e) Typical Indications l

TOTAL MINIMUM HOURS 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0

  • Two years or more of College Engineering or Science Study
    • High School Graduate or equivalent hs s

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f, TABLE 7.3-C MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION ETHOD SUBJECT TRAINING HOURS Level 1 Level II 1.0 Theory of Magnetism 1.5* 2.0** 0* 0**

a) General b) Magnetic Poles  ;

c) Magnetic Field d) Lines of Force e Longitudinal Magnetization f Horseshoe Magne't g Leakage Fields 2.0 Magnetic Materials .25 .5 0 0 3.0 Electrically Induced Magnetic Fields 2.0 a General 2.5 1.0 1.5 ,

b Right Hand Rule i c Coil j d) Magnetic Flux .

e) Flux Density

. f) Permeability g) Reluctance h) Residual Magnetism

1) Retentivity j) Coercive Force 4.0 Hysteresis Loop .5 1.0 .5 .5 ah General b) Virgin Curve c) Residual Magnetism d) Coersive Force e) Reversed Polarity f) Curve Characteristics 5.0 Direction of Magnetic Field .75 1.0 0 1.0 a) longitudinal Magnetization b) Circular Magnetization 6.0 Magnetizing Current Characteristics 1.0 1.5 .75 1.25 a) Alternating Current b) Half-Wave Rectified Current c) Penetration Characteristics GENERAL $ ELECTRIC

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' TABLE 7.3-C MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION Pci..,'O (continued) -

SUBJECT TRAINING HOURS i Level I Level II

. 7.0 Current Reouirements a Circular Magnetization 1.0* 1.5** .75*1.25**

b Longitudinal Magnetization j c Prod Magnetization 8.0 Magnetic Particle pplication a 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.5

- Examination Method b I Surface Preparation ch Codes, Standards, Instructions d) Flaw Classification e) Post Examination Cleaning f) Reports - -

TOTAL MINIMUM HOURS 8.0 12.0 4.0 8.0

  • Two years or more of Collage engineering or Science Study
    • High School Graduate or eouivalent

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  • i9 TABLE 7.3-D ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION IETHOD SUBJECT TRAINING HOUlkS ,

Level I Level II 1.0 Fundamental Properties of Sound .6* 1.0** 4.0* 4.0**

a Frecuency, Velocity, Wavelength b Definition of ultrasonic vibrations

. c General application of ultrasonic vibrations 2.0 Principles of Wave Propagation 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 a Modes of vibration b Acoustic impedance c Reflection d) Refraction and mode conversion e) Diffraction, dispersion, and attentuation f) Fresnel Zone 3.0 General of Ultrasonic Waves 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 a) Piezoelectric and types of crystals b) Construction of ultrasonic search units .

c-) Characteristics of search units

(. . . d) Care of search units 4.0 Ultrasonic Examination Methods 3.6 6.0 4.0 4.0 a Contact testing b Imersion testing c Modified Immersion testing d) Resonance testing

, 5.0 Ultrasonic Examination Equipment 1.8 3.0 0 0 a) Description of basic pulse-echo instrument b) Special instruments c) Scanning equipment 6.0 Operation of Specific Equipment 4.8 8.0 4.0 4.0 a) General operating characteristic b) Functional . block diagram of circuits. -

c) Purpose and, adjustment of external I controls i

d) Care of equipment 4

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TABLE 7.3-D ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PETHOD (continued)

SUBJECT TRAINING HOURS Level I Level II 7.0 Specific Testing procedures 4.8* 8.0** 12.0*12.0**

a) Selection of test parameters b Test standardization c Interpretation of results d Test records 8.0 Variables Affecting Test Results 2.4 4.0 8.0 8.0 a) Instrument performance variations b Search unit performance variations c Inspected part variations d Discontinuity variations TOTAL MINIMUM 4OURS 24.0 40.0 40.0 40.0

  • Two years or more of Collage Engineering or Science Study
    • High School Graduate or equivalent l

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TABLE 7.4-A MINIMUM TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS TRAINING (HOURS)

VT-1 PT NT UT RT

- Level I- Level II Level I Level II Level I Level II Level I Level II Level I Level 11 3 .

  • Completion with a passing grade i

i of at least 2 .

i years of enginee-ring or science 4 4 4 4 8 4 24 40 12 40 study at a university, college or tech-g nical school l **High school

! graduation, 4 '4 4 8 12 8 40 40 20 '

40 diploma or its -

equivalent WORK TIME EXPERIENCE (MONTHS)

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  • i All educational .

levels as listed above 1 Mo. 2 1 2 1 3 3 9 3 9 i Notes: Training shall be. as outlined in Tables 7.3-A through 7.3-D. For Level II certification, the experience shall consist of time at Level I. If a person is being qualified directly to Level II with no time at Level I, the l required experience shall consist of the sua of the times required for Level I and Level II as a trainee and the hours of training required for Level I and Level II in total shall apply. Credit for enerience may be j gained simultaneously in two or more disciplines. The candidate must spend at least 25f, of his work time on i 4

each discipline for dich experience is being claimed.

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TABLE 7.4-B Level III Minimum Education and Experience Requirements-Reouired Work Exoerience (Months)

METHOD Four Years of Two Years of Less than 2 Years College (Note 1) College (Note 2) College (Note 3)

VT-1 12 24 48 PT 12 24 48 MT 12 24 48 UT 12 24 48 RT l'2 24 48 (Note 1) Graduate of a four-year accredited engineering or science college or university with a degree in Engineering or Science plus one year's experience in nondestructive examination in an assignment conparable to that of a Level II in the applicable examination method. If the college or university degree is issued in nondestructive examination, the one year's experience requirement may be reduced to six months.

(Note 2) Completion with a passing grade of at least two years of engineering or science study at an accredited university, college, or technical scho.ol, plus two year's experience as a certified Level II in the applicable examination method.

(Note 3) Four years experience as a certified Level II in the applicable examination method. .

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GENERAL ELECTRIC AND SERVICE ENG4MEERW8G Smummen Seness DepummeN SE Techneegy Part. P.O. Som 108064 Norcross. Georpe 3D48 CERTIFICATE OF QUAT.lFICATION TM5 5 TO CERTFY THAT MAS MET THE QUALFICATIONS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE A55URANCE OF CAPASILITIES AND 5 RECOGNIZED FOR THOSE EXAMMTION, INSPEC.

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