ML20085K525
| ML20085K525 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Vogtle  |
| Issue date: | 06/16/1995 |
| From: | Lamberski J TROUTMANSANDERS (FORMERLY TROUTMAN, SANDERS, LOCKERMA |
| To: | Bloch P, Carpenter J, Murphy T Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| References | |
| CON-#295-16831 93-671-01-OLA-3, 93-671-1-OLA-3, OLA-3, NUDOCS 9506280015 | |
| Download: ML20085K525 (90) | |
Text
IfW S V 2 Y 925 o ug.3 TROUTMAN SANI 3Ehe
. 7...u..".aE7.a... ^..I....'..esna c
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NATIONSBANK PLAZA 600 PEACHTREE STREET N E.
SUsTF $200 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30308 2% D 19 P 4 :05 TELEPHONE: 404 885 3000 FACSIMtLE;404 885 3900 0FFICE OF SECRETARY June 16,19990CKETING & SERVICE BRANCH VIA AIRBORNE EXPRESS Administrative Judge Peter B. Bloch, Chairman Administrative Judge James H. Carpenter Administrative Judge Thomas D. Murphy Atomic Safety and Licensing Board (Georgia Power)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 Eg:
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Units I and 2 License Amendment (Transfer to Southern Nuclear) ASLBP No. 93-671-01-OLA-3.
Dear Sirs:
At the June 9,1995 hearing, the Licensing Board requested a copy of two instrument manuals, for the EG&G and Alnor dew point measurement instruments (Tr. 8201). An EG&G vendor manual has been admitted into evidence as Intervenor Exhibit II-163 (Tr.
8212). ' I enclose herewith the vendor manual for the Alnor instrument.
Very truly yours, ohn Lamberski Service List 6 2 -.
9506280015 950616
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n-4 ALNOR DEWPOINTER OWNER ' S MANUAL MODELS 7000-U 7200-U 7280 7300 7300-D 7350 1
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1 1
IF AN ACCIDENT DESTROYS YOUR DEWPOINTER - - -
l If you have an accident that destroys your Dewpointer, try to find the brass fog chamber.
It alone is important because it may con-tain a small piece of foil with Radium 226 or Americium 241 material that must not be abandoned.
Look into the fog chamber to see whether a small rectangular (1/2" x 5/8") piece of thin metal is present within the chamber.
If there is no foil and both caps are tightly in place, the instrument was made without any radioactive material, and no further precautions are needed.
If one cap is loose or missing, look along what was the left-hand wall of the chamber to see whether there is evidence of a short threaded stud or of a wire that was soldered to the wall.
In the face of evidence that there was Radium 226 or Americium 241 material within the chamber, search the debris with a Geiger counter and locate the piece of radioactive material.
Use tweezers or pliers to handle it and put it in a small jar or plastic box that can be sealed with tape.
Put the small radiation label on that box and pack it inside of a heavy corrugated board box measuring 6" x 8" x
8".
Put the larger label on this outer box and then pack the whole assembly in a large substantial box measuring 14" x 14" x 16" and ship to the Alnor Instrument Company.
If the foil containing Radium 226 or Americium 241 was observed within the fog chamber, examine the chamber to see whether it still has the small radiation label on it.
If not, paste a new small label on the fog chamber and then pack the chamber and its panel into a suitable cardboard box.
Put the larger of the two labels on the outside of this box.
Pack this inside a larger corrugated board box that will be the shipping box. This requires the regular shipping labels and should be sent to:
ALNOR INSTRUMENT COMPANY 7555 N. Linder Avenue Skokie, Illinois 60077 WARRANTY Your warranty information and reply card are enclosed elsewhere in this package.
After locating this material, please return the reply card and maintain the Certificate of Calibration.
TRADEMARKS l
The following are Trademarks of the ALNOR Instrument Company:
ALNOR DIGITHERM PYROTAC AL-TEMP PYROCON PYROTROLLER BALOMETER PYRO LANCE THERMOCON COMPUFLOW PYROMATIC VELOMETER DEWPOINTER PYRO POINT VELOMETER JR.
DIGICON Entire Contents-Copyright 1983, 1989 by ALNOR INSTRUMENT COMPANY Skokie, Illinois 60077 L
s 2
PREFACE Prior to this time, each type of Dewpointer was supplied with its own unique Owner's Manual.
In this present work, one manual has been prepared to serve the owners of all types of Dewpointers presently being manufactured.
The table of contents shows the scope of coverage which is widely inclusive, with many figures, graphs and tables.
There are also lists of replacemen parts for each type of Dewpointer.
Up until January 1, 1980, Alnor had used radium as an ionizing agent for several decades, and numerous references are made to its presence, and warnings are included in several of the sections.
After January 1, 1980, the use of radium was discontinued except if specifically ordered.
More recently another change was made; Americium 241 was substituted for Radium 226 on all units built after June 1, 1989.
If your unit has Radium 226 or Americium 241, the radiation warning symbols will be on the fog chamber and on the back side of the case.
Alnor operates under a license from the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety which promulgated the Rules and Regulations covering the uses of radioactive materials in Illinois.
If your unit does not have Radium 226 or Americium 241, ignore the references to it in this manual.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING DEWPOINTERS CONTAINING Am-241 If your Dewpointer uses Americium 241 as an ionizing agent, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires that it be wipe / leak tested every 3 months.
The test involves obtaining a test kit from a firm authorized to provide this material, and which can also evaluate the results.
The test itself is a quick and simple
" wipe" of the exterior of the gas outlet which can be done at the location where the Dewpointer is being used.
Firms which can supply the materials and perform the verification are located in most major metropolitan areas; Alnor can supply names of these companies in your area if necessary.
The frequent repetition of explanations, suggestions and cautions in the various sections was purposer.'ul.
It provides emphasis, and prevents frequent turning to sections other than the one being studied.
4-4 3
i TABLE OF CONTENTS i
SECTION PAGE Preface 2
I Introduction 6
II Principle of Operation 7
III Use of the Dewpoint Calculator 12 IV Preparing a Dewpointer for Use 13 V
Using Type 7000 and 7280 Dewpointers 16 VI Using Type 7200 and 7350 Dewpointers 20 VII Using Type 7300 and 7300-D Dewpointers 24 VIII Repairing a Dewpointer 31 IX Required Leak Testing of Dewpointers 35 X
When You Have to !; hip a Dewpointer 35 XI When an Accident Destroys a Dewpointer 36 XII How to Dispose of an Old Dewpointer 38 XIII
-Maintenance and Service Notes 39 XIV Technical Appendix 68 6
t di 4
l 4
i i
i' LIST OF FIC11EEE FIGURE NUMBER DESCRIPTIQH PAGE 1
Type 7000 Dewpointer 17 l
2 Type 7200 Dewpointer 21 2A Type 7300 Dewpointer 25 3
K to Q Conversion curve 78-4 Q-value of Gas Mixtures 79 5
Effect of Q-value on Dew Point 80 1
6 Vapor Pressure & Density 81 7
Vapor Pressure & Density 82 8
Dew Point at Higher Pressure 83 9
Psychrometric Chart, Low Dew Point 84 10 Psychrometric Chart, High Dew Point 85 11 Errors Due to Super-cooling 9
12 Schematic Diagram 7000 59 13 Schematic Diagram 7200 60 14 Schematic Diagram 7350 61 15 Scale Cards for Type 7300-D 28 s
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5 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE A
Oil Refill Assembly 44 B
Purging Valve Assembly 45 C
Operating Valve 46 E
Ratio Gauge Assembly (for 7000) 47 E2 Ratio Gauge Assembly (for 7300-D) 49 F
Pump Assembly (for 7000) 50 G
Rupture Fitting Assembly 52 H
Inlet Valve Assembly 53 I
Automatic Relief Valve 54 J
Reservoir Assembly 55 K
Filter Assembly 56 K1 External Filter Assembly 57 LIST OF TABLES I
Types of Dewpointers 7
II Q-values of Industrial Gases 11 III Source Pressure for Type 7200 13 IV Temperature Ranges (for 7300-D) 28 i
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6 i
I I. INTRODUCTION l
i f
The family of Alnor Dewpointers provides a wide selection of un-i usually precise instruments for determining the dew point temperature of air, heat-treating atmospheres or process drying gases (See Table I).
Themaxgmumrangeoftemperaturesthatcan 3
be measured is from about 10 O
F (5 C) below room temperature to t
0 0
about -80 F (-60 C).
The actual limits depend on the type of instrument, the nature of.the gas or atmosphere, the presence of Radium 226 or Americium 241, and the initial temperature of the i
gas within the fog chamber.
Table I lists the current models of Dewpointers, and their maximum measuring limits.
The direct-reading scales have limits that differ from the maximums listed, but the scales are pictured in Figure 16.
Operating instructions for the various types of instruments will be found in later sections of this manual.
- The next section describes the principle of operation of the Dew-l pointer and answers most of the questions which arise during the i
use of these instruments.
Every Dewpointer contains a battery and a transformer so the instrument can be operated from its internal battery or from the A-C line.
The available A-C voltage must be known when the instrument is ordered because the change from a j
voltage rating of 115 volts to a rating of 230 volts cannot be made in the field.
The required voltages for the battery and the A-C line are marked on the front panel.
i Dewpointers in the 7300 series contain an electric resistance thermometer instead of a glass thermometer.
This series always.
j uses the battery to provide the small power needed to operate the l
electric thermometer.
When the battery is exhausted, the operator i
cannot measure the temperature of the fog chamber.
When the Dewpointer is used in places where the ambient temperature is changing 3 to 4 0F (2-3 OC) per hour, the electric thermometer provides better accuracy than does the glass thermometer.
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'7 TABLE I Maximum Measuring Limits:
O 0
From lO F (5 C) below TYPE NO.
room temoerature to:
DESCRIPTION 0
0 7000 U
-80 F (-60 C)
Standard construction i
0 0
7200 U
-80 F (-60 C)
Has no pump i
i 7280 U
-80 F (-60 C)
For use with oxygen 0
0 0
0 7300 D
-80 F (-60 C)
Has direct reading removable scales 7300
-80 F (-60 C)
Standard construction l
0 0
t To achieve the limits listed above, Dewpointers must contain foil containing Radium 226 or Americium 241 to ionize the air or gas being measured.,hennoradioactivemateringispresentthelower W
limit of measurement is reduced to about -10 F 0
(-23 C), when j
measuring clean gases.
If gases contain small amounts of char i
particles or dust particles (normally present in ambient air),ged the j
lower limit of measurement may be extended depending on the amount of particles, (When measuring clean gases refer to Figure 11 for approximate correction factors.)
i II. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION A thorough understanding of the principle of operation-of the I
Dewpointer will aid in using the instrument..The gas to be treated is forced into the observation chamber at some pressure above atmospheric.
This sample of gas is allowed to stabilize its t
temperature for about 15 or 20 seconds after which time it will be at the temperature of the fog chamber.
When measuring clean dry gasses a minimum of 60 seconds should be allowed so that adequate ionization of the gas occurs.
The gas is rapidly exhausted to the f
atmosphere with a sudden expansion and simultaneous cooling of the gas that remained in the chamber. If the cooling is sufficient to bring the temperature of the gas down to or below the dew point, water vapor will-condense in the form of a fine mist or fog.
This fog can be seen readily through the observation window because of a light located below the fog chamber and focused at the top of the chamber. When a fog forms, it appears as what users call "a cone of sunbeams",
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8-1 When the pressure is released from the fog chamber by. depressing i
the operating valve, expansion and cooling of the gas occur so i
rapidly that there is no time for heat to be added-to or l
subtracted from the gas.
The isolation of the main body of the gas permits'the valid application of a simple formula expressing the relation between temperature and pressure during an adiabatic expansion.
1 K-1 E
Final Temp. = Initial Temp. j p
where all values specific heat at constant pressure are in absolute units and K =
specific heat at constant volume For the Alnor Dewpointer, the final temperature is the dew point f
and initial press.P. ). The ratio (P.R. )ure can be read directly on the pressure ratio temperature (t D between the final pressure gauge without necessity of knowing the individual quantities.
By definition Q = K-1 g-The equation for an adiabatic expansion can, therefore, be converted into the following form for our purpose; i
t
.P. = (t1 + 460) (P.R.)Q -460 D
when the temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit.
and tD.P. = (t1 + 273) (P.R.)O -273 for Celsius.
Since the initial temperature (t4) is read on the thermometer, P.R.
is read on the pressure ratio gauge, and Q is a constant that i
depends on the gas being tested, the solution for the dew point t
temperature (to,p,tual use,is perfectly straightforward though somewhat
)
cudersome.
In ac a calculator is supplied that makes the above computation extremely simple.
The formation of a viFible fog at the dew point temperature depends on the presence of dust in the gas to act as nuclei around
(
which the droplets can form.
In practically all cases dust is present.
If, however, gas is completely dust free (such as gas produced by fractional distillation) it would be possible to cool the gas below the dew point temperature without condensing the i
moisture.
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CORRECTION FACTORS (APPROXIMATE) 1 I
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1 1
1 I
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MON I
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1 I
I 2
8 c!
5 I
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}
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-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10 IO I+10 1 +2O i
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-50
-45
-40
-3s
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10 CELSIUS OBSERVED DEW POINT - DEGREES l
FIGURE 'lI.
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10 This is referred to as "supercooling" and it is a serious source of
, error in the attempts to measure low dew point temperatures (Figure 11).
It is in the effort to eliminate this kind of error that Alnor uses Radium 226 or Americium 241 to ionize the gas in the fog chamber and provide charged particles'upon which water vapor can condense and develop a fog.
0
.The error.becomes noticeable at about zero degrees F (-18 C).
A rough idea of errors introduced by-supercooling can be seen in i
Figure 11 where the errors are very small from the higher O
0 temperatures down to lO F (-12 C).
Since the development of a' fog through the action of supercooling is not a really precise phenomenon, the curve shown is just to give an estimate of the i
magnitude of the errors that are possible.
When Radium 226 or Americium 241 is present in the fog chamber, it ionizes the gas and provides ionized nuclei around which droplets form to create fog.
This action virtually eliminates the phenomenon of supercooling if the operator waits long enough for ionization to occur after a sample has been put into the fog chamber.
With very dry gas, this might be two or three minutes.
q i
However, because of increasing concern about the use of even small amounts of radioactive material, Alnor discontinued its use after January 1, 1980.
The only exceptions are where it is ordered by the purchaser, and all legal requirements are met.
Man legislatures have passed laws requiring that every piece of e @ pment containing any radioactive material he marked with a dis inctive symbol referred to as the " radiation symbol".
In addition, some states require that each radiating device be registered or even licensed.
To facilitate compliance with such laws, Alnor furnishes the required symbols and data pertaining to the small amount of Radium 226 or Americium 241 contained in some of the Degointers.
This is done to comply with the radioactive materials license under which the company operates.
Technically speaking, the radioactive Dewpointers contain either "One fixed source having seven (7) microcuries of Ra 226 in solid form", or "One fixed source having 35 microcuries of Am 241 in solid form".
As will be shown in Section III, it is necessary to know the Q value of a gas before its dew point can be calculated.
The Q value is a natural constant of the gas and may be regarded as a measure of its cooling power.
This can be illustrated by comparing two gases having widely differing cooling powers.
Ethane has Q =.165 and air has Q =.285.
Say that they were forced to cool through a 0
0 given tempo 5ature range, from 75 F down to -40 F (equivalently, 0
24 c to -40 c3,
,o oo,1 1,t3roug3 e31, rong, it,o,e 3, compressed to 43.4 psi. (300 kPa), and then suddenly released to atmospheric pressure.
To cool Ethane through this same temperature range-it must be compressed to 89.1 psi.(615 kPa), and then suddenly released to the atmosphere.
The large pressure range through which the Ethane must be expanded is indicative of its i
lower cooling power.
In a practical sense, the cooling power of
^
air is almost twice that of Ethane.
1 0-i I
t 11 The.following table lists the Q values of many common gases.
l TABL2 II l
?
frAE SYMBOL O VALUE Air
.285-Argon A
.400
.225 Carbon Monoxide CO
.285 Dissociated Ammonia
.285 i
i Endothermic
.285 I
L I
Ethane
.165 I
i Exothermic
.285 i
Helium He
.400 I
l Hydrogen H
.285 2
f Methane CH4
.240 f
l
. Nitrogen N2
.285 j
- Og
.285 Propane
.139 Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6
.082 Other Gases Refer to chemical handbooks.
l Gas Mixtures Refer.to the
{
Appendix
- Alnor offers its standard Dewpointers in versions especially prepared for use with pure oxygen.
These contain special j
seals, lubricants and manometer fluid.
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12 III. USE OF THE DEW POINT CALCULATOR To use the Dew Point Calculator, P/N 116-001-005, the following values must be known:
- 1. Q value of the gas.
- 2. The initial temperature of the gas as read on the thermometer on the Dewpointer.
- 3. The pressure ratio required to just produce a fog.
When "O" value is 0.2855 Set arrow 1 at initial temperature, F or C O
C, on Scale E.
Opposite the observed pressure-ratio on Scale D, read dew point on Scale E.
EXAMPLE: Air is being tested so the Q value is.2855.
The thermometer reads 75 F (24 C).
A fog appears at a 0
0 pressure ratio of.46, but does not appear at.47, therefore, the end point is.465.
1.
Set the arrow "1" opposite 75 on scale "E"
- 2. Opposite.465 on Scale "D",
read the dew point temperature 0
0 of -30 F (-35 C) on the Scale "E".
When "O" Value is not 0.2855 Set arrow 1 at initial temperature, OF or CC, on Scale E.
I Set arrow 2 at "Q" value on Scale A.
Opposite the observed pressure ratio on Scale B, read equivalent pressure ratio on Scale C.
Opposite the equivalent pressure ratio on scale D, read the dew point on scale E.
l EXAMPLE: Pure methane is being tested.
The Q value is.24.
The initial temperature is 80 F (27 C).
A fog appears at.51 0
0 but does not appear at.52, so the end point is.515.
l
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i 0
- 1. Set arrow "1" at 80 F on Scale.E.
- 2. Set arrow "2" at.24 on Scale A.
- 3. Opposite.515 on Scale B, read equivalent pressure ratio as'.57 on Scale C.
- 4. Opposite' the e@ivalent pressure ratio.57 on Scale 0
0 D, read dew point as 0 F (-18 C) on Scale E.
. l
- 1 IV. PREPARING THE DEWPOINTER'FOR USE All Dewpointers are made for use with A-C power or battery power f
to operate the light which illuminates the fog.
Each new Dew-pointer is furnished with a suitable, 2-terminal, 6-volt lantern battery (Alnor Part No. 556-047-014) and a power cable, No..
458-021-000, for 115 volts or a power cable, No. 458-022-005, for j
use on 230 volts.
The large Dewpointers, 7300 Series, contain an electric thermometer and in these the battery furnishes the power to operate the electric thermometer..These Dewpointers cannot be used unless a good battery is installed.
During shipment, air bubbles often become entrapped in the i
manometer fluid of the pressure ratio gauge.
Before using the Dewpointer, please refer to the Maintenance and Service Notes, l
Section XII, and follow the instructions for removing the air bubbles that may be hidden in the reservoir.
Connections When A-C power is required, use the line cable furnished and
{
connect the Dewpointer to a convenient source of 50'er 60 Hz., at the voltage shown on the nameplate. ' Remember that all Series 7300 l
Dewpointers require battery power to operate the electric thermometers even though the lamps are being fed from the A-C line.
Please note that modern electric codes require that plugs and receptacles be constructed in special ways determined by the i
line voltage and by the load current.
The cords furnished with Alnor Dewpointers meet the present code requirements.
Connect the inlet fitting of the Dewpointer (lower edge of panel) to the source of gas.
Stainless steel tubing is best although TeflonR tubing may be used.
Fully tighten all connections.
When pressure at the source is appreciably above atmospheric, put a control valve, such as a needle valve, in the supply line to hold down the pressure applied to the Dewpointer.
(Do not use a pressure replator; they. tend to retain moisture if they are the conventional diaphragm type).
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l 14 When the Dewpointer being connected for use is either Type 7200 or Type 7350, a good needle valve is definitely required in the gas
. supply line to control the input of gas to the Dewpointer.
All of the other types of Dewpointers have manually operated pumps to allow the application of controlled pressures to the fog chambers but the Types 7200 and 7350 are dependent on the pressure available at the source of the gas to be tested.
The pressure built up in the fog chamber is adjusted by the use of a needle valve.
Table III shows the required pressure for use with a few gases at three different dew point temperatures.
TABLE III.
SOURCE PRESSURE FOR TYPE 7200 Lowest Dew He or Air, N2 CO 2 l
Point Temperature Ar 02 or H2 F
C esi kPa Dsi kPa nsi kPh 1
U O
-18" 7.1 49 10.3 71 14.3 99
-400
-400 12.7 88 21.5 148 30.1 208
-800 0
-80 21.5 148 34.6 239 55.8 385 When the gas being tested is dirty, put into the supply hose an i
external filter (556-050-000) that requires the same filter medium (040-050-000) as the filter in the panel.
The outlet fitting on the rear of the Dewpointer may be connected to a suitable waste line, if desired.
When the gas being tested is hazardous, exhaust it into a suitable discharge hose that will allow the back pressure to remain at essentially atmospheric.
j Adiustments Make the Unity Adjustment on the pressure ratio gauge as follows:
1.
Place operating valve in its out position.
2.
Open purging valve to release all internal pressure.
3.
Depress gauge valve at top of pressure ratio gauge and turn the Unity Adjuster until the bottom of the meniscus is even with the "1" mark.
l 4.
Release the gauge valve.
Close the purging valve and pump up the pressure to about
.5 on the pressure ratio gauge.
Open the purging valve and watch for 1
the fluid to return to the "1"
mark.
If it does not quite settle at the right level, repeat the Unity Adjustment.
The flexible diaphragm in the fluid reservoir sometimes takes a " set" during a period of prolonged idleness but pressurizing and releasing it a few times will correct the unstable Unity Adjustment unless the diaphragm has actually been stretched.
When the diaphragm has been damaged, it may be impossible to complete making the Unity Adjustment.
A diaphragm can be replaced in the field if one has a new diaphragm and some extra manometer fluid to refill the reservoir.
See Section XII for notes on maintenance and service.
1
15 In the Type 7300 Series of Dewpointers, it is necessary to adjust the electric resistance thermometer so that it will give an accurate measure of the temperature of the fog chamber.
1.
Turn the meter selector switch to "GALV" 2.
The pointer should reach "Z".
If necessary, adjust the small screw in the center of the meter panel.
3.
Turn the meter switch to " TEST".
4.
Press down the pushbutton switch, turning the "T-CONTROL" to make the meter pointer indicate "T".
5.
Release the pushbutton and turn the meter switch to
" TEMP".
6.
Read the temperature of the fog chamber by pressing down on the pushbutton.
A reminder about temoerature chances All Alnor Dewpointers have glass or electric thermometers that will indicate changes in the ambient temperature and these changes must be recognized when preparing to calculate a dew point temp-erature.
Do not assume that the ambient temperature is constant.
The indications of the pressure ratio gauge are influenced by both the temperature and the barometric pressure.
To avoid errors from this source, frequently make the Unity Adjustment as the Dew-pointer is being used.
16 V. USING THE TYPE 7000 SERIES DEWPOINTER Having made all of the adjustments and the connections described in Section IV, " Preparing a Dewpointer for Use", the instrument is ready for its intended use.
Open the purging valve and pull up on the handle of the operating valve.
NOTE:
If the Dewpointer has just been transferred from an environment where the temperature was 100 or 15 F 0
0 (5
or 10 C) different from the temperature of the present room, allow time for the temperature of the fog chamber to stabilize.
j 1.
Place the power switch in position "AC" or " BATTERY" according to the power source to be used.
Pump the gas to be tested through the instrument to flush out all the air that was in the tubes and the fog chamber.
Use at least 15 i
strokes of the pump to get two complete air changes.
When measuring the dew points of very dry gases, purge the system more thoroughly.
Be sure to flow enough gas into the 1
instrument to have flushed it with the gas to be tested.
l i
2.
Close the purging valve and pump a sample of the gas into the instrument, bringing the pressure ratio gauge to about
.7 as a guess in the absence of any other information.
If the approximate value of the dew point is known, the reverse operation of the calculator will indicate the approximate pressure ratio that may be used for the initial trial.
This will further reduce the number of trials required to obtain the end point.
When the sample gas has been pumped in, allow 15 or 20 seconds for it to cool to the temperature of the fog chamber.
If you are measuring a clean dry gas allow at least 60 seconds for this step. (The gas is heated during pumping but cools if left standing).
Look in the window of the fog chamber and press down the operating valve.
This performs three functions in the following sequence:
a.
It closes the line from the inlet fitting and the pressure ratio gauge, b.
It turns on the light.
It rapidly opens the exhaust line from the fog c.
chamber to the atmosphere.
If a cone of fog appears, it indicates the sample of gas was cooled below the dew point and more trials are needed at higher pressure ratios.
Purge the chamber with about 25 strokes of the pump when there has been a fog.
Continue with similar trials at larger pressure ratios until a ratio is reached where no fog appears.
Then try a slightly lower ratio until a fog appears.
Close in on the end point which is the maximum pressure ratio that will just barely produce a fog.
With some practice it is possible to get two pressure ratios very close together where the smaller ratio gives a j
faint fog and the larger one gives no fog.
17
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Type 7000 l
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18 In cases where the end point seems to be shifting in value toward the smaller pressure ratios even when the test gas is known to be stable in its composition, this has been found to be due to incomplete purging of the sampling tube and the Dewpointer itself.
3.
When making the last trial near the end point, wait at least 60 seconds for the sample of gas to cool after it has been pumped up to the desired pressure ratio.
Then press down on the handle of the operating valve.
With some experience, an operator will find that he can determine the end point very easily if he begins with pressure ratios that are too small and uses the density of the fog on any trial as a guide to the selection of his next trial pressure ratio.
When two critical pressures as described above are determined, take the numerical average and call that the true end point.
4.
Having determined the end point, read the temperature on the thermometer and look up the Q value of the gas being tested.
With these numbers, use the Dewpointer Calculator to compute the dew point temperature as described in Section III.
Experience has shown that about three independent determinations should be made just to prove that the system has been properly purged and that the dew point temperature is not drifting downward due to the further drying of the connecting hose or tubing and the inside of the Dewpointer.
5.
When measuring the dew point of very dry, clean gas such as compressed, bottled gas, allow at least 60 seconds for the ions to form in the gas compressed into the fog chamber before pressing on the operating valve.
When very little moisture in within the gas and very little radioactive material is inside the fog chamber, it takes time for the generation of enough ions to fill the chamber and thereby permit the formation of a visible fog.
With a deficiency of ions, it may not be possible to get a visible fog even at the correct pressure ratio.
The operator would logically compress the gas more in order to get a fog and determine the end point.
This would result in the determination of a dew point that is much too low.
The gas was cooled too much because the proper fog was not seen at the end of 15 or 20 seconds.
The waiting time after compression may have to be extended to two or three minutes.
These very thorough measures should be taken in determining the true end point after the simpler steps have shown the approximate end point.
Only when measuring negative dew point temperatures is it necessary to allow the extra time for ionization of the compressed gas in the fog chamber.
19 Concernina the Tyne 7280 orvaan Dawnointer This type of Degointer is mechanically like the Type 7000 Dewpointer and the operation is just as described for the Type-l 7000.
The Type 7280, however, is safe to use with oxygen
-because it has special lubrication, special 0-rings, and special gaskets and other sealing components.
Oxygen is a very active gas that can combine with many substances such as oils, greases and fuel gases so va n rapidly as to be explosive.
Therefore, l
Dibutyl Phthalate, which does not readily oxidize, is used in i
the pressure ratio gauge.
The special-parts,for the oxygen Dewpointers are shown at the end of the Section XII.
When l
ordering spara parts, be sure to use the correct numbers for the i
Oxygen Dewpointer parts.
A mistake at this point could have 2
rerv serious consecuences.
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20 VI.
USING THE TYPE 7200 S2 RIES DEWPOINTER Type 7200 Dewpointers are intended for those applications where the gas to be tested is supplied under-pressure with 50 psig (345 kPa) being adequate for nearly all situations.
Three factors determine the minimum.useful pressure of the gas being supplied; (1) The minimum dew point to be determined.
(2) The Q value of the gas under pressure.
(3) The current barometric pressure.
Assuming a local barometric pressure of 29.92 inches gf mercury
)
(760 mm Hg and a fog chamber temperature of 75 F (24 C),
l minimum sup) ply pressures in psig and kPa are shown in Table III.
0 Actual pressures built up in the fog chamber must be controlled by a good needle valve placed in the supply line between the Dewpointer and the source.
This valve will limit the-flow into a
the fog chamber and permit the operator to set the pressure ratio gauge to the. selected value.
Do not use a pressure regulator because it holds moisture.
i The rear outlet fitting of the Dewpointer may be connected to a suitable wasta line that will not build up any back pressure.
l Adiustments Very carefully make the Unity Adjustment on the pressure ratio gauge.
Failure to follow these steps in proper order may cause the manometer fluid to be blown out the top of the gauge.
)
1 (1) close the supply line flow-control needle valve.
(2)
Place the operating valve in the out position.
(3) open the purging valve.
(4)
Press the gauge valve.
While this valve is depressed turn the adjuster until the bottom of the meniscus of the fluid column is on the 1.0 mark.
(5)
Release the gauge valve.
Warnina Never depress the gauge valve unless the operating valve is out and the purging valve opened and the supply line valve closed.
The Unity Adjustment should be checked frequently is fluctuating.
particularly if the instrument temperature or barometric pressure
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22 Onerations open'the purging valve.
Pull up on the operating valve handle.
. Turn the switch.to the A-C or BATTERY position according to the power source that is to be used.
Flow the test gas through the instrument tubing and fog chamber to purge them.
Open the inlet valve and adjust the flow rate so that the pressure ratio gauge indication is about.".8".
Permit the gas to flow through the instrument at this rate for a couple of minutes.
This will flush out the atmospheric air in the instrument.
This purging operation is required whenever the instrument has not been used for several hours.
No further adjustments of the flow-control valve will be required.
All further operations will be on the panel of the instrument.
Close the purging valve and permit the pressure ratio indication to climb to approximately mid-scale.
Close the inlet valve.
NOTE:
The Alnor Dewpointer Wpe 7200 is equipped with an automatic pressure relief valve that operates at approximately 60 psi (415 kPa) in the case of the 7200-U.
If the pressure in the instrument exceeds this value the relief valve will open and by-pass the gas directly to the outlet.
This makes possible the use of.a needle valve (instead of pressure regulator) at the source of a high pressure gas.
If the pressure of the gas source exceeds the pressure at which the relief valve opens it is natural for gas to be flowing from the discharge of the instrument whenever the inlet valve is closed.
The instrument is also equipped with a pressure rupture disc which will rupture at approximately 200 psig (1380 kPa), thus completely protecting the instrument against over-pressure hazards.
Look into the observation window and depress the operating valve; observe whether a fog (cone of sunbeams) appears.
Depressing the operating valve performs three operations in the following sequence:
(1) Closes the line between the fog chamber and the pressure ratio gauge.
(2) Turns on the light.
(3) Opens the line from the fog chamber to the atmosphere.
If a fog forms, it indicates that the sample wa's cooled below the dew point, and the next trial should be made at a greater pressure ratio (lower pressure).
If a fog does not form, it indicates that the sample was not cooled to the dew point and the next trial should be at a lesser pressure ratio (higher pressure).
23 4
open the purging valve; pull out the operating valve; open the inlet valve.
Maintain the flow for five or ten seconds to flush l
out the old sample.
Make additicnal trials until you have located one pressure ratio l
l at which a fog appears and one at which no fog appears.
Now "close in" on the "and point" - the point at which a fog can barely be produced.
You should be able to narrow the difference between the appearance and the non-appearance of the fog to only one minor division apart on the gauge.
The experienced operator will find he can determine the end point after a few trials since the density of the fog on any given trial is a valuable clue to how far he is from the end point.
If the approximate value of the dew point is known, the reverse operation of the Dew Point Calculator will indicate the approx-imate pressure ratio which should be used for the initial trial.
l This will further reduce the number of trials required to achieve l
the end point.
Be sure to repeat the five to ten second purging l
operation between trials.
For calculation purposes, take the average between the minimum pressure ratio that fails to produce a fog and the maximum pressure ratio that produces a fog.
Use this value with the initial temperature as read on the thermometer and the Q value for the gas being tested to compute the dew point with the Alnor Dew Point Calculator. See Chapter III on how to use the Calculator.
When measuring dew point temperatures in the negative region, be sura to allow time for the radioactive material to ionize a large amount of gas in the fog-chamber; let the gas remain in the chamber to become ionized for at least two minutes before pressing down on the operating valve.
When the dew point is minus 20 F 0
0
(-30 C) and below, the fog becomes thin and wispy; it swirls around in the center of the chamber and fades rapidly.
i
24 VII.
USING THE TYPE 7300 SERIES DEWPOINTEP, l
In the 7300 Series Dewpointer, there are three different twas that deserve special mention.
The 7350 De g ointer is much like the Type 7200 described previously in that it requires that the source of the gas to be tested to be pressurized up to perhaps 55 psi (380 kPa).
The instrument for measuring the temperature of the-fog chamber is an electric resistance thermometer instead of the glass thermometer used in the 7000-or the 7200 series of instruments.
The 7300-D Dewpointer is like the 7300 instrument except that it has removable scales that are placed behind the pressure ratio gauge to provide the desired range of measurement without the need to use the Dewpointer Calculator.
These scale cards are shown in Figure 16; one card carries the familiar pressure ratio scale.
The Type 7300 Dewpointer has a range like the 7000-U but it has the electric resistance thermometer to measure the temperature of 1
the fog chamber.
It also has a fine-wire thermopile inside the chamber to show when the gas has cooled to the same temperature as the walls of the fog chamber.
Follow the instructions in Section IV in preparing the 7300 for use.
When the preparations and connections are completed, open the purging valve and pull up on the handle of the operating valve.
If the instrument has just been transferred from another room where the temperature was 10 or 15 degrees different from the temperature of the present room (5-10 C), allow time for the temperature of the fog chamber to stabilize as shown by the resistance thermometer.
1.
Place the power switch in position A-C or BATTERY according to the power source to be used.
Pump the gas to be tested through the instrument to flush out the air that was in the tubes and the fog chamber, using at least 15 strokes of the pump to get two air changes.
When measuring the dew point of very dry gases, purge the system more thoroughly.
Be sure to flow enough gas through the system to have it flushed and filled with the gas you want to test.
2.
Close the purging valve and pump a sample of the gas into the instrument, bringing the pressure ratio gauge up to i
the.7 mark in the absence of any other information about the probable dew point.
Turn the selector switch on the temperature indicator to "GALV" and watch the pointer return to its "Z" point.
This shows when the gas has reached the temperature of the wall of the chamber.
If clean dry gas is being measured wait at least an additional 45 seconds before proceeding.
Move the selector switch to " TEST", press the pushbutton and watch
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l Figure 2g Type 7300 i
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26 the pointer move to the "T" point on the scale.
If necessary, turn the "T-ADJUSTER" knob to center the
~
pointer on the "T" point.
Move the selector switch to
" TEMP" and read on the meter the temperature of the fog chamber.
Look in the window of the fog chamber and press down the handle of the operating valve.
3.
If a cone of fog appears, it indicates that the gas was cooled below the dew point and more trials are needed at higher pressure ratios.
Purge the system with about 25 strokes of the pump ~ hen a fog has appeared.
Continue w
with similar trials at higher pressure ratios until a ratio is reached where no fog is seen.
Then try a slightly lower ratio until a fog appears.
Close in on I
the end point which is the largest pressure ratio that will just barely allow a fog.
With some practice, it is possible to get two. ratios very close together where the smaller ratio gives a fog and the higher ratio gives no fog.
Take the average of these two ratios and use that as a measure of the true end point.
This can be used-with the dew point calculator to determine the dew point temperature.
4.
When making the last trials near the end point, be sure to wait until the gas has reached the temperature of the valls of the fog chamber before pressing the operating valve.
An operator.may find that he can arrive at the and point more easily if he begins with pressure ratios i
that are too small and uses the density of the fog on any given trial as a guide to the next pressure ratio he should try.
5.
When measuring very low dew points and getting close to the end point,into the fog chamber so that the gas canallow long times to el is compressed get thoroughly ionized.
When only a very small amount of watervaporisinthesampleofgas,manygonsarg),
required to provide a visible fog.
At -50 F (-45 C the time of waiting for the establishment of equilibrium conditions has been 3 minutes.
..i L
27 Precarina and Usina the'Tyne 7350 Dewoointer This instrument contains no pump and therefore it requires that the gas to be tested be supplied.from a pressurized source.
Refer to Section VI and follow the steps for connections and adjustments.
The following must be added to the adjustments;for the meter:
1.
Turn the selector switch on the meter to "GALV".
2.
The pointer of the meter should rest at the "Z" point.
If necessary, correct it by turning the small screw just above the switch handle.
3.
Set the power switch to " BATTERY".
Turn the selector switch to " TEST" and press the pushbutton.
4.
The pointer should move to the "T" point.
If necessary, turn the "T-ADJUSTER" to center the pointer at "T".
5.
Turn the switch to " TEMP" and read the temperature of the fog chamber.
a ooerations open the purging valve and press down on the handle of-the operating valve.
This will allow the purging air to flos through the fcq chamber and thus clear it out.
Flow the test gas through
-the instrument to purge it, allowing.the gas to flow for two or three. minutes especially when the dow point is expected to be in the negative region.
continue with the second paragraph under
" Operations" in Section VI.
It will be noticed that the various manipulations of the Type 7350 are a combination of those for the Wpe 7200 and the Type 7300.
0 0
At -20 F (-30 C), a recommended waiting time for the generation of an adequate number of ions is at least 1-1/2 minutes.
This addition to the technique of measuring low dew points has been found to provide more reliable measurements.
It eliminates the need for super-cooling the gas in order to obtain a fog.
The number of degrees of super-cooling appears as an error in the measurement.
When an end point has been established, use this ratio, the Q value for the gas, and the initial temperature of the fg chamber to compute the dew point on the calculator as described in Section III of this manual.
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28 Precarina and Usina the 7300-D Devoointer The 7300-D Dewpointer resembles the 7300 instrument in all respects except that its manometer block is hollowed out behind the liquid column to accept the detachable scales.
There are two special knurled screws to hold each scale in place.
One of the scales is marked in units of pressure ratio and when it is installed, the 7300-D is used in exactly the same manner as the 7300.
The other three scales are marked directly in temperature, OF or C either C,
as ordered.
The Fahrenheit scales are shown in Figure 15; Celsius scales are similar.
Select the proper scale by referring to Table IV and considering both the starting temperature and the probable dew point.
TABLE IV Range of the Use Scale No.
For Ambient Temeeratures Dew Point Temoeratures
\\
1 500 to 120 F
-60 F to 100 0
0 below ambient 100 to 50 C 0
0
-50 C to 50 below ambient 0
0 0
-10 F to 100 2
90 to 120 F below ambient 300 0
0 0
to 50 C
-25 C to 5
below ambient 3
600 0
0 to 90 F
-30 F to 100 below ambient 0
0 0
-35 C to 50 15 to 30 C below ambient 4
300 0
0
-50 F to 100 to 60 F below ambient 0
0 0
0 0
to 15 C
-50 C to 5
below ambient E
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29 Install the chosen scale and tighten the two screws by fingers t
only.
Follow the steps given for the 7300 regarding the connections and adjustments.
Measure the temperature of the fog chamber with the electric thermometer and set the controls as follows:
i (1) Open the purging valve.
(2) Raise the handle of the operating. valve.
(3) Depress the gauge valve.
(4) Turn the Unity Adjuster knob to bring the fluid column to the measured fog chamber temperature.
(5) Release the gauge valve.
Remember that the direct reading scales are accurate only for the 1
gases having Q value.of.285 as listed in Table II.
Leave the meter switch in the "GALV" position when it is not being used for the other two functions.. It will let the meter indicate small temperature difference,s between the gas and.the fog chamber.
j Put the toggle switch in the A-C position if power is available i
from the line.
Open the purging valve; pull out on the operating i
valve; and adjust the flow control valve, if present, to cause the gauge liquid to rise no more than one division on its scale.
i Pump the gas through the Dewpointer to purge it for about 5 minutes if it has had moist air in it and the expected dew point 0
0 is -30 F (-35 C) or below.
Purging is very important at the low dew points (Scales #2 and #3) because moisture given off by the j
tubing may cause errors until the tubing is dried.
Close the purging valve and pump.a sample into the fog chamber, increasing the pressure until the fluid column rises to the anticipated dew point temperature.
Wait at least 15 or 20 seconds for the gas to cool after it has been pumped up; with clean dry gasses at least 60 seconds is required.
Look into the observation window and push down on the operating valve.
If a fog appears it indicates that the gas has cooled below its dew point and it should be tested again with lower pressures - a shorter gauge column.
If no fog appears, the gas did not cool down to its dew point, so it will have to be tested again starting with a higher pressure -
longer gauge column.
It will be observed that the higher pressures (longer gauge column) coincide with lower dew point temperatures on all three temperature scales.
Open the purging valve; pull out on the operating valve; for about one minute operate the pump to purge the chamber.
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30 It may have been noticed that when gas is pumped into the fog i
chamber the meter pointer moves upscale briefly and when the valve is pressed down the meter deflects downscale.
These deflections show qualitatively the tem compression and expansion.perature changes in the gas due to They also tell when the gas has returned to the. fog chamber temperature.
The goal in using the 7300-D dew ointer is to determine the pressure in the manometer that will produce a barely visible fog in the cone of light. This pressure is the and point that is read as Degrees Fahrenheit on Scales #2, #3, and #4. Having found a pressure that will produce a very slight fog and a little different pressure that produces no fog, it is usually possible to get these two points to be about one division apart on the temperature scale.
When checking for the final end point, there are some details which deserve special attention:
1.
Check the "Z" and "T" adjustments on the meter.
2.
Measure the fog chamber temperature and using the Unity Adjuster, set the manometer column to indicate this same temperature.
3.
Thoroughly purge the Dewpointer with the sample gas.
4.
After pumping the sample into the fog chamber, let the gas stand in the chamber for awhile to become ionized by the radioactive material.
When working near the lowest temperature on the three scales, wait one minute for Scale #2; two minutes for Scale #3; and three minutes for Scale #4.
At the end of the waiting time, press down on the operating valve and observe the fog. This procedure will minimize errors when measuring very low dew points.
31 VIII.
REPAIRING AND SERVICING THE DEWPOINTER Because of the Radium 226 or Americium 241 inside the fog chamber-of many Dewpointers, a person who has not been trained and licensed to work with Dewpointers containing aither Ra-226 or Am-241 must not open the fog chambers containing radioactive foil.
- DO NOT OPEN THE FOG CHAMBER AND NEVER ALLOW A FINGER (OR ANY PART OF YOUR BODY) TO COME IN CONTACT WITH THE FOIL.
Ship the Dewpointer to Alnor Instrument Company.
For shipping instructions, please refc" to Page 35.
If there is no small rectangular foil fastened on the left-hand wall of the fog chamber, then it contains no Radium 226 or Americium 241 and the instrument can be completely serviced in the field.
SPECIAL NOTE FOR DEWPOINTERS CONTAINING AM-241 If your Dewpointer contains Americium 241 (look for Am-241 on the radiation-label on the instrument case) it is subject to Nuclear Regulatory Agency requirements that it be tested for leaks everv 3 months.
See pages 2 and 35 of this manual for additional information.
Cleanliness is most important for a Dewpointer; keep your Dewpointer clean and well lubricated.
Follow these specific 1
steps 1.
Filter - Check the fiber glass filter material frequently and replace it as soon as it begins to darken.
The dirt on the glass fibers holds moisture and will make it difficult to get a reproducible measurement of a low dew point temperature.
Be sure the screen and disk are in place at the bottom of the filter barrel.
If an external filter is being used, (see Figure Kl) make sure all joints are tight and that the glass wool is clear white.
2.
Bubbles in the Pressure Ratio Gauge - It is normal for r
bubbles to appear in the fluid column of the pressure ratio gauge after the Dewpointer has been transported or has been used to measure hydrogen gas.
In the 7000 and 7300 Series of Dewpointers these bubbles can be freed by pumping up the column and then releasing the pressure with purging valve.
It is helpful to turn the Unity Adjuster fully in and to tip the instrument about 45 degrees to the left while working the-pump.
Have the operating valve handle out and purging valve closed.
Tipping the instrument case to the left while working the pump will release the bubbles.
~
32 Type 7200 and 7350 have no pump but pressure from the source of compressed gas can be used to raise-the column of manometer fluid which can then be released by opening the purging valve.
While pressurizing the instrument, keep the purging valve closed and carefully regulate the pressure with the inlet valve.
Keep the case tilted to the left as pressure is admitted and advance the Unity Adjuster _as gas is displaced from the fluid.
3.
Replacing Lost Manometer Fluid - When fluid is accidentally blown out through the manometer valve, this valve must be removed and cleaned as in paragraph 7 below.
NOTE:DO NOT USE THE STANDARD FLUID WHEN REFILLING A DEWPOINTER USED FOR OXYGEN SERVICE.
Oxygen Dewpointers - use 556-044-032 fluid ONLY.
All other Dewpointers use 556-044-018 manometer oil.
New fluid must be added as follows:
a.
Have the purging valve open and operating valve up.
i b.
Remove the knurled cap of the OIL REFILL and take out the needle screw.
c.
Set the Unity Adjuster to its mid-position.
d.
Tilt the instrument case to the left.
e.
Depress the gauge valve and hold it while adding fluid.to the filling well from the dropper spout on the plastic fluid bottle.
Release the gauge valve l
before removing the spout from the well.
Add fluid to bring the column up to the 1.0 mark of the manometer scale.
Tighten the needle screw in place j
before attempting to operate the Dewpointer.
4.
Leaks - To operate correctly, the Dewpointer must be free 1
of leaks in its tubes, valves, and fittings.
Pump the 2-fluid column up near its top and close all valves.
The j.
height should remain fixed except for temperature changes, If the column drifts downward, try to observe the rate of drift.
Press down on the operating valve and again observe the rate of drift.
a.
If the fluid appears stable, the leak is in the fog chamber or the piping to it.
Inspect the gaskets at the window and the lens.
Tighten the caps by hand to compress their soft gaskets.
.i I
33 b.
If the leak persists and seems a little faster with the operating valve pressed down, the leak is in the operating valve itself, the pump discharge valve or the tubing-connections to the reservoir.
The purging valve can be reseated by tightening the needle screw into the seat.
Looseness.in.the packing of the operating valve can be taken up by tightening the top cap.
The piping joints-can be:
tested with a soap solution or " Leak-Tec" or "Seamtest Concentrate" solution.
c.
When installing.new filter material, be sure no glass fibers remaia outside the chamber or_under the gasket.
A leak will contaminate the air sample.
The steps listed above are correct for'Dewpointers in which there is a pump.
-The next steps are for Typss 7200 and 7350.
d.
There is a safety fuse or rupture disk under the l
panel behind the inlet fitting.
The gasket within this must be in good condition; the disk must be unbroken; and the cap must be tight.
There is a safety relief valve behind the panel in e.
the inlet line.
This contains an o-ring seat and a brass plunger that is held against the' seat with a spring.
A flaw in any one-of these components could cause a leak.
See Figure I for details of this assembly.
f.
The cap of the filter should be kept tight enough'to compress the gasket and insure a good seal.
When installing new filter material, be sure no glass fibers remain outside the chamber or under the gasket.
This would allow a slow leak.
'3.
Operating Valve - The operating valve generally requires little maintenance aside from occasional tightening of the top cap.
If it is necessary to disassemble the valve be sure to follow Figure C carefully when reassembling.
Lubricate all reasmsmbling. parts with petroleum jelly before Use the silicone grease for the oxygen i
Dewpointers.
l 9
6.
Fog Chamber - If there is Radium 226 or Americium 241 in the fog chamber, just keep the window and-lens clean and keep the and caps tightened by hand only.
DO NOT OPEN THE FOG CHAMBER.
7.
Ratio Gauge - If the manometer fluid is accidentally blown out through the gauge valve, this valve must be removed and washed with mineral spirits to dissolve the fluid.
Remove the pushbutton assembly using an open and i
i wrench.
Use a 1/2" spanner or two small screwdrivers to unscrew the valve assembly from the manometer block.
Do not try to operate the Dewpointer when fluid is low or the valve removed; the diaphragm may be damaged.
i 34-l l
Refer to Figure E when replacing parts in the ratio gauge assembly.
Be sure the 0-ring is in place when inserting I
the manometer valve assembly.
Tighten the valve against the 0-rin cracking g just enough to prevent leaking but avoid the block.
Tighten the pushbutton assembly just enough to prevent turning since it does not seal against pressure.
Leaks at the Unity Adjuster can be corrected by replacing the two 0-rings or the complete adjuster.
See Fipre E.
Because of the high coefficient of expansion of the manometer oil, frequent readjustment to the 1.0 mark is quite normal if the temperature is changing.
Warnina about orvaan Dawoointers When servicing an oxygen Dewpointer, you must use the special 0-rings,-lubricant, and manometer fluid listed at the end of.the Parts List.
Using standard parts may ruin the pressure ratio gauge.
8.
Reservoir - If the diaphragm is damaged (usually stretched) the fluid column in the pressure ratio gauge will not come up to the right pressure.
Excessive pumping becomes necessary and the correct dew point cannot be obtained.
The diaphragm is a Mylar Film.
This material is very tough and it is most improbable that rupture will' occur; however, depressing the gauge valve when the instrument is under pressure may stretch the diaphragm.
This may also result from pumping when the Operating plunger is depressed.
If this happens the diaphragm must be replaced.
In most of these cases, the instrument should be sent back to the manufacturer for cleaning and repair.
P
+
35 IX.
REOUIRED LEAK TESTING OF DEWPOINTERS WITH AMERICIUM 241 If your Dewpointer contains Americium 241 it must be wipe / leak tested everv three months.
This wipe / leak requirement is in accordance with regulations from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Agreement states Licensing Agencies.
A wipe / leak test kit to perform the wipe / leak test must be obtained from a firm authorized or licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory commission or an Agreement State Agency to perform such test.
When the kit is received, the Dewpointer should be wipe tested following the directions of the kit at the opening of the purging (gas outlet) valve.
The wipe sample should then be returned according to the instructions supplied with the kit, to the firm which issued the kit.
The results of the wipe test must be kept on file for review by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency or the Agreement State Agency.
X.
WHEN YOU HAVE TO SHIP A DEWPOINTER If your Dewpointer contains Radium 226 or Americium 241 in its fog chamber, it must be packed in a specified way to be shipped by common carrier. The Department of Transportation (DOT) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) have rules that specify the kinds of labels which must be placed on the outside of packages containing what are broadly classified as " Hazardous Materials".
Since a single Dewpointer contains only 7 microcuries of Ra 226 or 35 microcuries of Am 241, it is exempt from the colored labels on the outside of the packing box, but there must be two warning labels on the inside of the package.
The container actually holding the Radium 226 or Americium 241 (fog chamber) must have a label warning of the presence of radio-activity, and cautioning not to open the chamber and NEVER to touch the radioactive material.
Also, the outer case of the Dewpointer must have a larger label that further describes the radioactive material, and carries other warnings.
Both labels are required by law and were supplied by the Alnor Instrument Company.
If either one is damaged or removed, it must be replaced.
Alnor will furnish the replacement (s) if requested; meanwhile the instrument should not be used.
Examples of the labels are shown on page 37; the wording on the labels will depend on whether your Dewpointer contains Radium (Ra-226) or Americium (Am-241).
pack the Dewpointer in a sturdy wooden box or a corrugated card-board box measuring at least 14" x 14" x 16" which needs only the usual shipping labels.
36 XI.
IF YOU HAVE AN ACCIDENT WHICH DESTROYS YOUR DEWPOINTER Try to locate the fog chamber.
Look into it to see whether it contains the rectangular piece of Radium 226 or Americium 241 or whether it appears to have had the foil mounted within it.
New Dewpointers have the foil mounted by nut on a stud; older Dewpointers have the foil soldered onto a piece of wire extending into the fog chamber.
If a fire destroyed the instrument, the solder would have melted and the foil would be loose within the chamber.
Notice:
THIS FOIL MUST NOT BE LOST OR ABANDONED! !
Gather the remains of the panel and the fog chamber containing the foil and set them in a corrugated board box just large enough to hold the assembly.
Attach a small warning label to the fog chamber if the original is missing.
Tape the box clcsed and apply the larger warning label, pictured below, to the outside of this box.
Pack this box in the center of a larger corrugated box measuring 14" x 14" x 16".
This outer box requires only the regular shipping label - no warning label.
Send this package to:
ALNOR INSTRUMENT COMPANY 7555 N. Linder Avenue Skokie, Illinois 60077 If the Radium 226 or Americium 241 is not in the fog chamber, it can be located by means of a Geiger counter survey instrument.
Even if it is covered with debris, the gamma rays will be discovered by the survey instrument and will lead to the piece of foil.
It should be picked up with pliers and put into a small covered container of metal or plastic that can be taped shut.
DO NOT TOUCH THIS FOIL WITH FINGERS!!
Put the small warning label on the outside of this container and pack it inside a cardboard box measuring about 6" cube.
Put the large warning label on the outside of this cubic box.
Pack this box in the center of a larger corrugated box measuring 14" x 14" x 16" and send it to the Alnor Instrument Company at the above address.
Use the regular shipping labels.
If you know the serial number of the Dewpointer that was destroyed, please notify Alnor so that the records can be corrected.
37 EACSIMILES OF THE WARNING LABELS SMALL LABEL FOR THE FOG CHAMBER With Americium With Radium 4.4 4.4 a
a CAmON: RADOACIM htATERIAL CAUM0ft RAONNCMVI LWTER14 35aNCnocat3 QF Am 241 1 MOOCumt3 0F Rs 226 m e sa m e iaa LARGE LABEL FOR CASE OR INNER SHIPPING BOX With Americium With Radium CAWTION. RA0 0ACTivt MATERLAL CAUTICPL 1A010ACTNE MartaiAL O*A O*O se no 1 Mic30Cutit!
0*A Am tal al MsCROCunits O
O O
ALNCR INSTRUMENT COMPANY ALNCR IN5ftVM(NT COMPANY f535 N. LINDER Ave ARomit IL 600ff 1555 N. UNott AWE, $KCtJE, it 40077 TM8 RECT!PT.P0588$3ON.l SL AND TRANSFER 0f TMis y,
g, g
ALNOR OtWPotNTIR, MOO 4L
$ggiAL NCL
_ Aag swLtc fc A
$EAAAL NO.
AmtSwestCT GENtaAL UCEN18 C4 f>( GQVIVALINf. ANO T>t 70 A CINEAAL LactNst CR TMt sowev4 LENT. AND TMt stOULAfiCNS OF AN AG2flMfNT 7Afl CE A R E CWL ATION S OF YMe NUCLEAR REGULATORY LICamilNG $ FAT [. IMll LA$f L $M ALL $( MAdNTAikfD COMMi$10N OR AN AGRgtMENT STATL TMi$ LA9EL CN TM( O(VC3 IN A L(Gi4LS CONosf1CN f(MCNAL SMALL el MAINT&lNED ON Tut osvtCS IN A LEGIBLE C# f>f LASIL 15 PfCNeelftD Sit Cwhit1 MANwAL CONDITION. REMOVAL OF TMt LAttL 19 PROMISITED.
708 WI sNSTALLAnON CPjtAflCN & $(fyCNG, 188 CWNERS MANU AL POR SAf t INSTALLAflON.
CPtRATION & $82VtCING.
c'-
t 38 XII.
DISPOSING OF AN OLD DEWPOINTER Many Dewpointers contain Radium 226 or Americium 241 inside the fog chamber and they cannot legally be thrown into the trash or
'the junk pile.
A person can look into the window at the top of
-the fog chamber to see if Ra-226 or Am-241 is present.
It is a small, rectangular-shaped piece of thin metal fastened to the left-hand wall of the chamber either by means of a bolt and nut or by being soldered on the end of a projecting wire.
When there is no such piece of radioactive material, the old instrument is not considered to be a-hazardous substance.
i When radioactive material is present within the fog chamber, the safest course of action is to pack the entire instrument in a wood box or a sturdy corrugated box measuring at least 14" x 14" x-16".
Note that the size suggested is not determined by the size of the Dewpointer itself but is determined to provide adequate space between the piece of radioactive material and the outer surface of the box.
i Before placing the old Dewpointer-in its packing box, make sura that.the fog chamber carries a small label such as is reproduced on the preceding page.
Make sure the back of the Dewpointer case carries the larger label, also shown.
When the Dewpointer has been placed in its shipping box, close the box and affix only the usual shipping labels.
Address the box to ALNOR INSTRUMENT COMPANY
{
7555 N. Linder Avenue Skokie, Illinois 60077 l
If your State has a program of dealing with hazardous materials in general or with radioactive materials in particular, it may be i
simpler and more convenient to contact the local State Agency for advice or a recommendation for legally disposing of the old i
Dewpointer.
l
(
,=
39 XIII.
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE NOTES The following notes should be studied by the operator before attempting to use the Dewpointer for the first time.
They explain some of the technical points that were not in the instructions for the regular operation of the Dewpointer.
1.
Filter - check the fiber glass filter material frequently and replace it as soon as it begins to darken.
This is important because the dirt on the glass fibers holds moisture.
Be sure the screen and disk are in place at the bottom of the filter barrel.
2.
Air in Pressure Ratio Gauge - Bubbles appear in the fluid column of the pressure ratio gauge after the instrument has been transported or has been used to measure hydrogen gas.
These bubbles can be freed by pumping up the column and then releasing the pressure with the purging valve.
It is helpful to turn the Unity Adjuster to near the top of its travel and to tip the Dewpointer about 45 degrees to the left while working the pump. Have the oper-ating valve out and the purging valve closed.
Tipping the instrument to the left or to the front will help purge the bubbles.
3.
Replacing Lost Manometer Fluid - When fluid is accidentally blown out through the manometer valve, the valve must be removed and cleaned as in paragraph 7 below.
New fluid must be added as follows:
a.
Have the purging valve open and the operating valve up.
b.
Remove the knurled cap of the OIL REFILL and take out the needle screw.
c.
Set the Unity Adjuster to its mid-position.
d.
Tilt the instrument case to the left.
e.
Depress the gauge valve and hold it while adding the fluid to the filling well from the dropper spout on the plastic fluid bottle.
Bring the column up to the 1.0 mark of the manometer scale.
Release the gauge valve before removing the spout from the well.
Tighten the needle screw in place before attempting to operate the Dewpointer.
40 f.
When refilling an oxygen Dewpointer, use only 556-044-032 manometer fluid.
DO NOT USE THE STANDARD FLUID.
4.
Leaks - To operate correctly, the Dewpointer must be free of leaks in its tubes, valves and fittings.
Pump the fluid column up near its top and close all valves.
The height should remain fixed except for temperature changes.
If the column drifts down, try to observe the rate of the drift.
Press down on the operating valve and again observe the rate of drift.
a.
If the fluid drifts down no further the leak is in the fog chamber or the piping to it.
b.
If the leak persists and seems a little faster with the operating valve pressed down, the leak is in the operating valve itself, the pump discharge valve, the purging valve, or the tubing connections to the reservoir.
The purging valve can be reseated by tightening the needle screw into the seat.
Looseness in the packing of the operating valve can be taken up by tightening the top cap.
The piping joints can be tested with a soap solution or " Leak-Tec" or "Seamtest Concentrate" solution.
c.
When installing new filter material, be sure no glass fibers remain outside the chamber or under the gasket.
A leak here will contaminate the air sample.
5.
Operating Valve - The operating valve requires little maintenance besides occasional tightening of the top cap.
When it is necessary to disassemble the valve, be sure to follow Figure C carefully when reassembling.
Lubricate all the pieces with petroleum jelly in the standard instrument.
Be sure to use the sillcone grease on the oxygen Dewpointers.
'4 41 6.-
Fog' Chamber - Keep window and'lans clean.
If the fog chamber becomes dirty or corroded, send it to the manu-facturer for cleaning and polishing.
The Radium 226 or Americium 241 material is mounted in the fog chamber and.
'is NOT TO BE TOUCHED OR BENT.
Most state-laws governing radioactive materials forbid the touching of such materials.
They must.be worked only by trained em
. who are being monitored for radioactive exposure. ployees SPECIAL NOTE FOR DEWPOINTERS CONTAINING AM-241 If your-Dawpointer contains Americium 241~(look for.Am-241 on-the radiation label on the instrument case) it is subject to Nuclear Regulatory Agency requirements that it be tested for leaks every 3 months.
See pages 2 and 35 of this manual for additional information.
7.
Ratio Gauge - If the manometer fluid is accidentally blown out through the gauge valve, this valve must be removed and washed with mineral spirits-to dissolve:the fluid.
Remove the pushbutton assembly using.an open and wrench.
Use a 1/2" spanner or two small screwdrivers to unscrew the valve assembly from the manometer block.
DO NOT TRY TO OPERATE THE DEWPOINTER WHEN FLUID IS LOW OR.
VALVE IS REMOVED; the diaphragm may be damaged.
Refer to Figure E when replacing parts in the ratio gauge assembly.
Be sure the 0-ring is in place when inserting the manometer valve assembly.
Tighten the valve against the O-ring just enough to prevent leaking but avoid cracking the block.
Tighten the pushbutton assembly just enough to prevent turning since it does not seal against pressure.
Replace two 0-rings to stop leaks at the Unity Adjuster.
Tighten the nut just enough to prevent turning since the block can be cracked easily.
Warnine about Oxycen Dewcointer When servicing an oxygen Dewpointer,Lyou must use the special 0-rings, lubricant and manometer fluid listed at the and of the Parts List.
Using standard parts may ruin the pressure ratio gauge, and may.cause an explosion.
8.
Reservoir - If the diaphragm is damaged the fluid column in the pressure ratio gauge will not come up to the right pressuro ratio.
Excessive pumping becomes necessary and the correct dew point cannot be obtained.
The diaphragm is a Mylar Film.
This material is very tough and it is most improbable that a rupture will occur.
- However, depressing the gauge valve when the instrument is under pressure or pumping when the operating plunger is de-pressed, may stretch the diaphragm.
If this happens the diaphragm must be replaced.
In most cases the instrument should be sent back to the manufacturer for cleaning and repair.
42 9.
Pump - All. essential components of the pump are shown in Fipre F.
Basically there is a barrel, piston and four valves.
The gas to be tested enters from the filter and some of it flows through a tube to the chamber above the piston.
It is sucked into that part of the pump as the piston is pushed down.
When the piston is raised, the gas passes out to the outlet fitting.
This keeps the barrel walls covered with the gas under test, but that portion of gas may be contaminated with small amounts of outside air carried in on the piston rod.
Uncontaminated gas passes through the two lower valves, the operating valve and into the fog chamber where it can be tested.
One small particle of dirt in any one of these four valves will prevent the pump from working properly.
a.
To check the inlet valve (from the filter), set the fluid column at 1 on the scale.
Pump ten full.
strokes and see whether the fluid column rises ~above
.45.
If more than twelve strokes are needed, the reservoir diaphragm is stretched or the inlet valve is leaking.
Remove the nut and push the tubing to one side.
Unscrew the valve screw and take out all the pieces of the' valve.
Clean them, and inspect for damage.
Using Figure F, reassemble the valve, tighten the valve screw securely, and re-connect the-copper tubing.
b.
To check the outlet valve (to the operating valve) pump up the fluid column to.4 on its scale and observe the fluid column.
If there is a slow down-ward drift in two minutes and a faster drift after the operating valve is pressed, there is a leak in the outlet valve.
Remove and clean the parts of the valve; reassemble the valve (see Figure F) c.
Keep the piston and 0-ring-clean, and lubricated with petroleum jelly.
Replace the ring if it has any in-perfections.
10.
Oxygen Dewpoint'ers - When ordering parts for the oxygen Dewpointers, ALWAYS specify that the parts are to be used in the oxygen meters.
When performing service oper-ations, avoid using the standard lubricant, manomotor fluid, and 0-rings.
See the special parts lists at the and of the regular parts lists.in this manual.
11.
When the handle of the operating valve is pulled-up while the purging valve is open, gas from a pressurized source will flow through the Dewpointer tubing and fog chamber to purge the system without using the pump.
This flow will cause the fluid in the pressure ratio gauge to rise above the unity mark.
A pressurized source should always have a needle valve in the supply line, and the flow (for purging purposes) should be limited so that the fluid does not rise above.95 on the scale.
N
. c-43 4
12.
Do not try to measure a gas that is corrosive to copper; the life of-the Dewpointer will be shortsned considerably.
13.
When measuring.the dew point of a very dry, clean gas t
where the dew point is at zero or below on the Fahrenheit i
scale, pump the sample'into the fog chamber and allow it to remain there from one to three minutes to permit the gas to be ionized.
Then press down on the handle of the-operating valve.
This will eliminate the need for supercooling the gas to create a fog,.and will result in i
more accurate measurements.
On the next few pages are drawings showing cross-sections of the major sub-assemblies in the Alnor Dewpointers which can be serviced in the field.
Many part numbers are given on tho' i
drawings but there-are also itemized lists of parts used in the Dewpointers but not shown in a drawing.
]
There is one sub-assembly that must be serviced at the Alnor facton.
This is the fog chamber that contains Radium 226 or 1
Americium 241 material.
Many states have laws prohibiting any-person who has not been properly trained from working on items that contain radioactive materials.
The fog chambers containing radioactive material must be returned to the Alnor Instrument company where trained technicians know how to work with them.
When ordering repair parts for your Dewpointer, please state the type and serial number of your instrument.
Changes in dimensions and in design have made some of the older instruments no longer repairable.
Also, the need-to comply with OSHA regulations and some electrical codes have dictated a few electrical and mechanical changes that are automatically made when an older instrument is sent in for repair.
l a
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'44'
'4 i
OlL REFILL ASSEMBLY 1
(556-046-001)
FIGURE A i
l 1
2 4
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C 3
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l I
l t
i 4 l
1 1 REFILL VALVE NUT l 3 1
1 i REFILL BLOCK 2 1 1
I NEEDLE SCREW l
1 i
1 REFILL VALVE CAP ITEMI NO' NO. AEQ'D.
DESCRIPTION r
45 PURGING VALVE ASSEMBLY (556-005-008)
FIGURE B m
1 2
3 4
5 g
?
.un p
MN5's_31_ _$
- ~ f.'NNM s
i
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As. s 's\\'N s
v O
======.
5 1
PURGING VALVE ASSEMBLY 4
1 PURGING VALVE NUT 3
1 VALVE CAP 2
1 "O"
RING 1
1 PURGING SCREW ASSEMBLY REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION
46
\\
OPERATING VALVE (556-011-000)
FIGURE C i
1 4
3
@9 h 11 9 @ 12 11 2
13 14 15 16 N
/
l,/
j 17 h; n d ~ 9-m
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k&MMMMW)Ma!
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!*K@Elds W M G G Edld9ft exwug ggggg ox k
N i
s
\\h.
' h 10 10 9
5 9
I 17,_I 1
SWITCH SCREW l
16-1 VALVE EXTENSION 15 1
VALVE STOP WASHER 14 1
CHAMBER GASKET i
13 1
VALVE CAP 12 2
VALVE SPACER 11 4
FEMALE V RING 10 4
MALE V RING 9
8 HYDRAULIC V RING S
1 VALVE BARREL FLANGE i
6 V ALVE B ARREL-RING 7
1 N,OT U S E D 5
2 O RING 4
1 PLUNGER ASSEMBLY 31 1
VALVE CAP 2
1 OPERATING CHAMBER ASSEMBLY 1
1 VALVE BARREL ASSEMBLY 1
ITEM N O.
DESCRIPTION N O. REO'D.
47 b
RATIO GAUGE ASSEMBLY FOR TYPES 7000,7300 i
FIGURE E i
g n
b 4
e in a
is u:
f, '1"j!
lllll llll lll! Illl llll Illllllll lllllllIl IllllIlll lll!!!lll!II!lIlli lllll!li!l
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@_ 1
..3.......;........;...............;.......;........;.......,;......,,
.y
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N i
1 3
4 7
5 6'
-larr 1 u$$cairfi se s e
o q
8 l
x
)
I 9 1 1
l MANOMETER BLOCK 8 1 1
l CONNECTING TUBE 7 1 3
"O" RING 6
1 PUSHBUTTON
-5 1
VALVE 4
1 SCALE 3
1 "O"
RING 2
1 COUPLING FITTING
'1 1
UNITY ADJUSTER ASSEMBLY ITEM N O.
NO. REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION L.'
48 This page intentionally left blank, 9
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i i
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49 RATIO GAUGE ASSEMBLY FOR TYPE 7300D FIGURE E2 1@34
@5 6
i
[5cate 4C Dewpoint
'C y Q 205 I!WII N j
A 6
6 5
S
.7
=
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7
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M Q
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9 1
MANOMETER BLOCK 8
2 SCREW 7
1 SCALE BLOCK 6
1 PUSHBUTTON 5
1 VALVE 4
1 SCALE (SET OF 4) 3 1
"O" RING 2
1 COUPLING FITTING 1
1 UNITY ADJUSTER ASSEMBLY ITEM NO DESCRIPTION N O.
REQ'D.
50 PUMP ASSEMBLY (FIGURE F) 556-034-006 FOR MODEL 7000 SERIES 557-019 007 FOR MODEL 7300 SERIES a go F~~l
-a c
r., p o r.
C
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j; g.
,3 7-
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18 4
NUT 17 1
0-R I N G, 5/8 D I A 16 1
PISTON BUMPER 15 1
PISTON ROD ASSEMBL'Y 14 1
' O RI N G,13/16 DI A 13 1
CAP SPACER 12 1
O RI N G,3/8 DI A 11 1
CAP 10 1
BUMPER 9
1 PUMP KNOB 8
2 FITTI N G, SO LID 7
1 CHECK VALVE SCREW LONG 6
4 VALVE SPRING 5
4 CHECK VALVE PLUNGER 4
4 O RING l
31 3
CHECK VALVE SCREW i
2 2
FITTING, WITH HOLE 1
1 PUMP HOUSING ITEM N O' N O.
REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION
51 O
i l
l This page intentionally left blank.
l I
53 4
RUPTURE FITTING ASSEMBLY (558-002-007)
FIGURE G 1
1 2
3 4
e ri
\\ \\
\\
vi
,,,,b W,,^,\\ - 5 \\ \\
lrr 1, - 1,
g\\\\ \\\\
\\
N gs
/e 4
1 RUPTURE CAP 3
1 RUPTURE DISK 2
1 RUPTURE GASKET 1
1 RUPTURE FITTING ASSEMBLY ITEM N O.
NO. REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION
53 INLET VALVE ASSEMBLY (558-006-009)
FIGURE H i
4 1
2 3
4 25 6
s\\
i s
s s
NNEl
\\_
Y fjW 3
]
w,w, $'/&777
^ ^: ^ ^
s
%?
\\
- x. \\
t-s h
6 1
INLET VALVE ASSEMBLY 5
1 INLET VALVE FLANGE
~
_4 1
INLET VALVE RING 3
1 PURGING VALVE CAP i
1
~O~
RING 1
1 INLET SCREW ASSEMBLY ITEM NO' N O. REO'D.
DESCRIPTION
54 AUTOMATIC RELIEF VALVE ASSEMBLY (558-007-004)
FIGURE I i
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 s
x N s3 i
N s
N
\\
N N
l a
j 4
,,, /, /
s f,,
.. 7-CI i
,,,, Q' ?'- ' " '" '
\\ (( ' / / < / : s s
//
6 j
's 7
1 FITTING 6
1 FITTING NUT 5
1 VALVE SCREW 4
1 SPRING 3
1 VALVE PLUNGER 2
1 "O" R I N G 1
1 RELIEF VALVE ASSEMBLY ITEM NO' i NO, REQ'D DESCRIPTION i
55!
RESERVOIR ASSEMBLY (556-025-007)
FIGURE J b
2 3
4 II ll ll l
ll ll
%%%%%%%%%%%%%jf,,',/,'-
\\
/
/,1 4
/
- 4**
9:
M eyH HHHHA lHHHH /H/
e_.
5 6-
- 6-32 KEPS NUT 4
1 DIAPHRAGM 3
1 RESERVOIR COVER ASSEMBLY 2
6
- 6-32X7/8 HEX.HD MACHINE SCREW 1
1 RESERVOIR ASSEMBLY NO REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION
56 FILTER ASSEMBLY (556-027-008)
FIGURE K
. I 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 T
?
Wd.\\NNNNN
/
\\
J\\ s sk\\ 4 N
s q c,: c. =
J' g
~.
- j y
/ < * * >
.. s....
g l-c '. <
s l
'//
h$,.....
//
c.
y/,lE.2,A 'R"M&XM, RRMRMB p n r
d l
3 h
~
1 8
1 SCREEN 7
1 GLASS FIBRE FILTER DISC I
6 1
FILTER BARREL ASSEMBLY 5
A/R FIBERGLAGS 4
1 FLANGE 3
1 RING 2
1 GASKET 1
1 FILTER CAP ITEM N O' N O. REQ'D.
DESCRIPTION
4i J
4 6
- ~
l e
57 l
Fig. K1 HOSE FIBERGLASS n
EXTERNAL FILTER i
l 8
I i
t 58 To provide further understanding of the piping and wiring of the Dewpointers, a series of schematic diagrams follows this page.
In all of the instruments, the gas being tested enters at the inlet fitting, goes through the pump if there is one, and continues to t
the lower chamber of the reservoir.
From there the gas flows into the fog chamber where it may be trapped and compressed or it may i
simply pass on through and be discharged from the outlet fitting.
The choice is determined by the closing or the opening of the purging valve.
The reservoir contains an upper and a lower chamber, separated by a fle:<ible Mylar diaphragm.
The sample gas passes through the
{
lower chamber; manometer fluid fills the upper chamber and up into the pressure ratio gauge.
The pressures in the two chambers are usually almost equal so the diaphragm does not get stretched 1
severely except when the operator presses the gauge valve while there is pressure in the fog chamber.
This action forces the manoaeter fluid out the top of the gauge valve and the unbalance in pressure distends the diaphragm upward, often permanently distorting it.
In the power transformer the primary is made with two coils which can be connected in series or in parallel to allow the application of either 230 volts or 115 volts.
A change in the field is not recommended because electrical codes require that different cord sets be used with the two voltages.
A study of Figure 13 shows no pump because the system is pressurized by the source of gas.
For safety, both an automatic pressure relief valve and a rupture disk fitting are provided in the inlet piping.
OCSERVATION OIL PURGIN3 VALVE FILTER OUTLET WINDOW REFILL
- 3 0 TO + 110 'F I
1 GAUGE THERMOMETER Z
VALVE V
l
_ D
~
]
I FOG
/\\
/ /j
~
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s i
i CHAMBER N
t
/
7__
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Ql 151 PRESSURE gRATIO GAUGE I
I BAT.
a H<
8AT.
LAMP
@ <n/
e Y
n AC I
k Il i
L m
Z sN sBLACK UNITY ADJUSTER RED l
I
_i i
s RESERVOIR e
.j O
W
. HT ss
[
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~"
^
115 V.A.C.
NT I
TRANSFORMER INLET HAND PUMP MERCURY SWITCH OPERATING VALVE me TYPE 7000 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Fiqure 12
- =
OBSE RVATIO N Olt WINDOW REFILL
-30 TO + 110*F THERMOMETER I
l GAUGE T
VA LVE 1.0 TO.15 I
l FOG 3
'G PRESSURE CHAMBERx i
l F
} [ [ TIO GAUGE
/
\\
I 1
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_ gOUTLET I
c m AT.
4 IH' N
3
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LAMP
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r O
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t d
(-
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i UNITY a
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ADJUSTER R
0 e
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RESERVOIR 115 V. A.C.
I INLET INLET VALVE TR ANSFORMER OPER ATING RUPTURE AUTOM ATIC PRESSURE MERCURY SWITCH VALVE DISC RELIEF VALVE TYPE 7200 SCHEM ATIC DIAGR AM ei.,urc n
OBSERVATION Olt RT.D.
WINDOW REFILL
~
GAUGt VALVE
~
FOG
"^
-Q 1.0 TO.15 l
l PRESSURE
] [
G r
$J L
24 R ATIO GAUGE u o, m
/
o
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RESERVOIR l
115 V. A.C.
iib s'
INLE INLET VALVE TR ANSFORMER OPER ATING RUPTURE h AUTOM ATIC PRESSURE MERCURY SWITCH VALVE DISC RELIEF VALVE TYPE 7350 O
SCHEM ATIC DIAGR AM l
l'i spin e' I4
c
/
a:
- .- "62 i
1
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4 i
+
TYPE 7000 and 7300
' ~-..
FIGURE
.! TEM NO.
PART NO.
DESCRIPTION OIL REFILL ASSEMBLY 556-046-001 A
1 300-003-000 Refill Valve. Cap.
A 2
300-002-004 Needle Screw A
3 300-001-009 Refill Block A
4 300-006-006 Refill Valve Nut i
PURGING VALVE ASSEMBLY 556-005-008 8
1 556-004-002 Purging Screw Assembly I
B 2
590-003-008 0-ring (Pkg. of 6)
B 3
300-008-007 Valve Cap OPERATING VALVE 556-011-000 r
C 5
590-003-062 0-ring (Pkg of 6)*
C.
9 590-003-047 Hydraulic V-ring (Pkg. of 8)
C 10 590-003-022 V-ring, Male (Pkg. of 8)
.C 11 590-003-030 V-ring, Female (Pkg. of 8)
C 12 590-003-015 Valve Spacer (Pkg. of 2) i RATIO GAUGE ASSEMBLY SES-014-007 FOR TYPE 7000 557-010-008 FOR TYPE 7300 i
E 1
556-016-008 Unity Adjuster (with 0-rings)
E 2
355-001-001 Manometer Coupling E
3 590-003<093 0-ring (Pkg. of 12)
E 5
556-018-009 Manometer Valve Assembly E
6 556-019-004 Pushbutton Assembly E
7 590-003-086 0-ring (Pkg. of 12)
E 8
315-016-006 Connecting Tube 4
- This 0-ring replaces spring and valve washers found on older assemblies.
l l
l
--r,
,w-
l
' +
.=
63 TYPE 7000'and 7300-FIGURE ITEM NO.
PART NO.
DESCRIPTION RESERVOIR ASSEMBLY-556-025-007 J
4 590-003-104 Diaphragm (Pkg. of 6)
FILTER ASSEMBLY 556-025-007 K
1 300-037-002 Filter Cap K
2 339-007-001 Filter Gasket K, K1 5
556-045-006 Fiberglass-K 7
590-003-111 Filter Disk K
8 306-001-005 Filter Screen K1 321-001-005 External Filter PUMP ASSEMBLY 556-034-006 (Model 7000 Series) 557-019-007 (Model 7300. Series)
F 12 590-003-008 0-ring, 3/8 dia. (Pkg. of 6)
F 14 342-009-000 0-ring, 5/8 dia.
F 16 590-003-129 Piston Bumper (Pkg. of 2) 556-030-004 Spare Parts Kit, containing:
l F
3 3 Check Valve Screws F
4 12 0-rings i
F 5
12 Check Valve Plungers F
.6 12 Check Valve Springs F~
7
-1 Check Valve Screw, long F
17 6 Piston 0-rings i
e l
i 4
l'
'~
' ' i *g g
l TYPE 7000 and 7300 MISCELLANEOUS PARTS PART NO.
DESCRIPTION 349-001-000 Thermometer, 40 to 120*F 349-002-006 Thermometer, O to 50*C 590-003-225 Lamp, 6-8 volt (Pkg. of 2) 459-005-005 Battery 308-013-013 Battery Bracket 037-240-000 Tubing (per foot, state gty.)
556-043-005 Wrench 116-001-005 Calculator 556-044-018 Manometer Oil
'l 556-045-006 Filter Fiberglass (l' box) i d
l I
1 s
1 1
1
l 65 TYPE 7200 and 7350 FIGURE ITEM NO.
PART NO.~
OESCRIPTION t
OIL REFILL ASSEMBLY 556-046-001 A
1 300-003-000 Refill Valve Cap A
2 300-002-004 Needle Screw A
3 300-001-009 Refill Block A
4 300-006-006 Refill Valve Nut Y
PURGING VALVE ASSEMBLY 556-005-008 8
1 556-004-002 Purging (Pkg. of 6)
Screw Assembly B
2 590-003-008 0-ring i
B 3
300-008-007 Valve Cap OPERATING VALVE 556-011-000 C
5 590-003-054 Spring Washer (Pkg of 4)
C 6
590-003-061 Valve Washer (Pkg(. of 4)
C 9
590-003-047 Hydraulic V-ring Pkg. of 8)
C 10 590-003-022 V-ring, Male (Pkg. of 8)
~
C 11 590-003-030 V-ring, Female (Pkg. of 8)
C 12 590-003-015 Valve Spacer (Pkg. of 2)
l i_
.f'
.66 1
TYPE 7200 and 7350 l
FIGURE ITEM NO.
___PART NO.
DESCRIPTION RATIO GAUGE ASSEMBLY 556-014-007 FOR TYPE 7200 557-010-008 FOR TYPE 7350 E
1-556-016-008 Unity Adjuster'(with 0-rings)
E 2
355-001-001 Manometer Coupling i
E 3
590-003-093-0-ring (Pkg. of 12)
E 5
556-018-009 Manometer Valve Assembly e
E 6
556-019-004 Pushbutton Assembly E
7 590-003-086 0-ring (Pkg. of 12) i E
8 315-016-006 Connecting Tube i
SET OF 4 SCALES FOR 0! RECT READING MODELS-E2 4
557-018-001 Scale Set for Fahrenheit'
)
E2 4
557-029-001 Scale Set for Celsius l
i RUPTURE FITTING ASSEMBLY 558-002-007 G
2, 3 590-003-175 Gasket and Disc (Pkg. of 12 each)
{
G 4
300-053-002 Rupture Cap i
INLET VALVE ASSEMBLY 558-006-009 i
H 1
558-005-003 Inlet Screw Assembly H
2; 590-003-008 0-ring (Pkg. of 6)
(
H 3
300-008-007 Valve Cap AUTOMATIC RELIEF VALVE ASSEMBLY 558-007-004 i
I 2
342-004-008 0-ring
- I 3
300-037-005 Valve Plunger
- I 4
329-001-007 Spring-i I
5 300-036-017 Valve Screw *
- These parts are also available as part of Pump Assembly Spare Parts Kit 556-030-004 i
l J
}
i
- }
c r-67 i
)
TYPE 7280 (0XYGEN ONLY)'
1 PART NO.
DESCRIPTION j
590-003-200 0-ring, 7/16 dia. (Pkg.'of 12) 556-018-016 Manometer Valve Asse~bly m
556-044-032 Manometer Fluid (4 oz container)-
103-004-001 Silicon Lubricant, for Operating Valve (5 oz tube) 590-003-218 0-ring, 1/4 dia. (Pkg of 12) i i
E 1
1 l
)
s 1
)
i i
j}
~
~
i
'se XIV.
TECHNICAL APPENIX i
This appendix.is. offered to provide further understanding of the physics behind Alnor's method of measuring dew point temperatures.
Since mixtures of gases are frequently used in industry, it is important to know how to calculate the Q value of mixtures.
Q value of Mixtures A mixture of gases can be treated as a single gas if the proper constants are established.
The value of Q can be computed by one of the following methods.
Method 1 Mass Basis Since the effect that the specific heat of an individual gas has on the specific heat of the mixture is proportional to the mass of the gas present the following equation can be written.
M M
M x
y z
(1) C,=
C
__C
__C M, px, M, py, ___, M,pz p
b C,= _x z
Cyx, _Cyy # ___ # _C (2) y vz "m
N m
m Where C,= Specific heat at constant pressure of the mixture, t
p C,= Specific heat at constant volume of the mixture y
C C
&C
= Specific heat at constant pressure of each gas px, py pz C
Cyy & C,= Specific heat at constant volume of each gas yx, y
i 9
J t
69' i
M,= Total' weight of the mixture M,.hy & M = Weight of each gas x
g t
' Specific heats are-expressed in heat units per weight unit per temperature unit such as B.T.U. per pound per
'F.
Then C
(3)
K,=
pm C,
y and Q,= K -1 or from Figure 3 where (4) m m
K,= K value for the mixture 0,= Q value for the mixture It is only nece'ssary to insert the proper values in equations (1) and (2) and then solve.
Example for Method 1 A mixture of gas is known to be composed of the following:
20% by weight CH 4 40% by weight CO 2
40% by weight N2 Find the value of Q, Substituting in equations 1 and 2 C,=.2(.593) +.4 (.200) +
.4 (.247)
.2974
=
p C,=.2(.450) +.4
(.155) +.4
(.176)
.2224
=
y Then K,=.f9
- 1*337 22 j
and
.252
.337
=
g.m 1.337
)
i
. 70.*
Method 2 Volumetric Basis When a mixture of gases is analyzed with an orsat apparatus the percentages of each component are determined on a volumetric basis.
It is, therefore, essential 'that these volumetric percentages be converted to weight percentages before Method 1 can be used.
x
=
x y
=
y ;e c.
(5)
- m N
m m
m Where
% = percanc by volume of gas X d
= density of gas X x
d, = density of the mixture
'Jotice that any condition of temperature and pressure and any units of density can be.used provided the same conditions and units are used throughout.
d Equations 1, 2, 3& 5 can be combined and multiplied by to dm give this simple form.
Xd C
+Yd C
+ --- + Zd C X
X Y pY z pz (6) K =Xd C
+Yd C
+
m
--- + Z d C,
yx y
y Where X, Y and Z are volumetric percentages of each gas and d,
d and d, are the densities of each gas.
x y
Since the values of d C are presented in Table V the solution x px of Equation 6 is extremely simple.
Q can be obtained from Figure 3
Because of similarity of values, CO, CO2, H2 2
and N be considered one gas.
.p_z
=
a.
l 4
o*
71 TABLE V
( '
Gas Density P
V P
V K
Q lbs/c.f.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
062*F per lb.
per lb.
per c.f.
per c.f.
CO
.0735
.245
.175
.0180
.0128 1.40
.2855 N
.0737
.247
.176
.0182
.0130 1.40
.2855.
1 2
0
.0840
.217
.155
.0182
.0130 1.40
.2855 2
Air
.0757
.241
.171
.0182
.0130 1.40
.2855 H
.00529 3.42 2.44
.0181
.0129 1.40
.2855 2
CO
.1156
.200
.155
.0231
.0179 1.29
.225 2
.0421
.593
.450
.0200
.0190 1.315
.240 4
He
.01114 1.25
.753
.0139
.0084 1.660
.400 A
.11135
.125
.0751
.0139-
.0084 1.668
.400 1
i i
Notice that all diatomic gases listed can be treated as a single 1
gas for all practical purposes.
i
73;.,,
Example for Method 2 A mixture of gases-is known to consist of the following:
72% by volume N 2 12.5% by volume of H 2
10% by volume of CO 5% by volume of CO2
.5% by volune of CH 4
Find the value of Q Substituting in equation 6 Gas Numerator Denominator N
.72
(.0182)=.01310
.72
(.0130)=.00936 2
Co
.10
(.0180)=.00180
.10
(.0128)=.00128 CO
.05
(.0231)=.00116
.05
(.0179)=.00090 2
H
.125
(.0181)=.00226 125
(.0129)=.00161 2
.005
(.0250)=.00013
.005
(.0190)=.00010 4
.01845
.01325 K* =.01845 = 1.392 Q* =.282
.01325 j
l 4
i
73 Method 3 Curves A great many commonly used mixtures consist of only one. gas other than diatomic gases.
For these mixtures values of Q can be taken f rom the curves in Figure 4.
The curves are plotted for mixtures which consist of percentages of the gas named where the balance of the mixture is N, 0, H r CO.
If small percentages of other r
2 2
2
. gases are present, they can be ignored.
EXAMPLE FOR METHOD 3 Given the mixture specified for the example of Method 2 find the value of Q by use of Figure 4.
Since the values of d(C ) and d(C ) are so nearly equal for p
y all the diatomic gases, assume that they are actually one gas having the characteristics of N Since the volume of CH is 2
4 small, add it to the CO.
Then the analysis of the gas becomes:
2 5.5% by volume CO 2
94.5% by volume N 2 From Figure 4,Q =.281 l
i I
I j
.------e s-- - -
74 Accuracy of Gas Analysis An error of.005 in the Q value will result in an error of approxi-mately two Fahrenheit degrees when the pressure ratio is.4; the error will be less for higher pressure ratios.
An error of about 10% in the volumetric analysis of CH or about 7% in the volumetric 4
analysis of CO is generally permissable.
It is, the re fore, evident 2
that the Alnor Dewpointer is not dependent upon an accurate gas anal-ysis as far as common mixtures are concerned, and it is not necessary te ~..xe an Orsat analysis prior to each dew point test.
Figure 5 graphically shows the effect of Q value in the dew point determination assuming an initial temperature of 80*F.
For compar-atively high dew points (above O'F) this value is f ar less critical.
For lower dew points the value of Q should be known with greater accuracy.
Vapor Density and Vapor Pressure For each dew point there is a corresponding water vapor pressure and water vapor density.
The Alnor Dewpointer might just as well have been named a " Vapor Pressure Tester" or " Vapor Density Gauge".
The following curves have been provided to permit easy transfer from one set of values to another as the need arises.
See Figure 6.
For dew points below freezing there are theoretically two possible values for vapor pressure, that is, vapor pressure over ice or vapor pressure over water.
There is considerable experimental evidence indicating that the vapor pressure of air corresponds with the vapor pressure of sub-cooled water, whether the air is actually in contact with sub-cooled water or with ice.
Accordingly, the vapor pressures plotted on the following curves correspond with the vapor pressures over sub-cooled water.
Vapor densities are plotted on the same basis.
The Dewpointer as a "Go, No-Go Gauge" For shop use it is frequently desirable to use the Dewpointer as a GO, NO-GO Gauge.
In the example given below the operation becomes so simple that comparatively untrained personnel can use the ins trument.
As Sn example assume a situation where a gas having a Q value of 2855 is carried in a pipeline at 1 pound gauge pressure.
Tht process is to be operated so that the dew point is kept below 0*F.
By performing the operations in reverse order the Dewpoint Calculator can be used to develop a chart as follows:
1.
Set arrow 1 at initial temperature on Scale E.
2.
On Scale D read the limiting pressure ratio opposite the critical dew point temperature.
t
- 75. !
.4. -
i i
FOR 0*F DEW POINT l
I Q =.2855 l
l THERMOMETER PRESSURE RATIO GAUGE l
70 61 l
72 60 74 59 l
76 583 i
78 577
^
80 57 I
The instrument can be left connected to the gas line. continuously with the purge valve cracked so that a small amount of gas is bleeding through continuously.
Thus no additional purging would be required.
All the operator would have to do is read the thermo-i meter - close the purging valve - pump the instrument up to the indicated pressure ratio - pause for fifteen seconds - and press l
the operating valve.
If a fog appears the dew point is above O'F.
l i
i l
i I
f i
f I
,,,.,m.-
.-r.
m
,..m e
r,-c.s.
,,.-,w.-,
,m...
.:y
~**
76 1
E
' Dew Points at Elevated Pressures If a sample of gas is compressed, the vapor pressure is increased.
The compressed gas, therefore, has a higher dew point that corresponds to the new vapor pressure.
The Alnor Dewpointer gives the dew point at atmospheric pressure.
When the corresponding dew point at higher pressures is required, refer to Figure 8.
Example:
A gas is carried in a pipeline at 585 pound gauge pressure.
The Alnor Dewpointer indicates the dew point is -65'F.
What is the actual dew point in the pipeline?
The answer is l'F.
Psychrometric Chart Figure 9 shows the relationship between dew' point temperature, dry bulb temperatures, and relative humidity ir, the low humidity regions which are difficult to read on the usual psychrometric chart.
The Alnor Dewpointer is parti.ularly useful for making humidity measure-ments in this comparatively dry region.
Relative humidity is by definition the ratio of the actual vapor pressure of water vapor (the saturated vapor pressure at the dew,
point) in an air-vapor mixture to its saturated vapor pressure at the dry bulb temperature.
Relative humidity may also be defined as ratio of the weight of water vapor in one cubic foot of the mixture to the weight of water vapor i
in one cubic foot of a saturated mixture at the same dry bulb temperature.
Example:
Dry bulb temperature 80'F Dew point temperature O'F What is the relative humidity Answer from Figure 9, 4.4%
Figure 10 is a standard Psychrometric Chart.
In addition to dew point tamperatures, dry bulb temperatures, and relative humidity, it shows wet bulb temperatures, grains of water vapor per cubic foot, grains of water vapor per pound of dry air, and the volume of the mixture in cubic feet of mixture per pound of dry air.
Example:
Dry bulb temperature 90'F Dew point temperature 50*F What other values can be read from the Psychrometric Chart?
Answer:
Wet bulb temperature 65'F Relative humidity 25%
77 Volume of the mixture 14.0 cubic feet per pound of dry air Density of the vapor 4.11 gre. ins per cubic foot Weight of the vapor 53.4 grains per pound of dry air The next few pages of this section show various graphs of a. technical nature that are helpful to the person who wants to do more than simple routine measurements of dew point temperatures.
The dew point calculator can be used to do more operations than just calculate the dew points when an initial temperature and a pressure ratio are observed for a gas having a known Q value.
Notice the assumptions noted on the graph sheet.
Making assumptions more appropriate to the problems encountered locally, the graphs needed in your work can be derived.
Most people hear about relative humidity more of ten than they hear about dew points.
To convert from dew point to relative humidity, refer to Figure 10.
The Dewpointer will measure extremely small amounts of water vapor in the air and these can be expressed in several ways by referring tc the appropriate graphs in the next few pages.
Although the curves in Figure 9 do not resemble those in Figure 10, they are both psychrometric charts.
Figure 9 covers the relative humidity range from 1% to 14% while Figure 10 covers the relative humidity range from about 10% up to 100%.
Only three of the associcted parameters are displayed in Figure 9 while about half a dozen are shown in Figure 10.
These are very helpful charts for people in air conditioning or in process drying operations.
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I..
l' INSTRUCTIONS FOR RETURN
]
Damaged in Transit All shipments are carefully examined by Alnor Quality Assurance and carefully packed for shipment. They are insured in the customer's name with the carrier. On I
receipt,if the shipping container appears to have been damaged durirm, shipment, the instrument should be thoroughly inspected. The delivering carrier's pupers shouM be signed noting the apparent damage.
If the instrument itself has been damaged,a claim should be promptly filed against the carrier by the customer. Ainor will assist the customer by supplying all pertinent shipping information; however the claim must be filed by the insured.
If the instrument is dameged beyond use,a new order should be placed with Alnor while awaiting reimbursement from the carrier for the damaged instrument.
1 Malfunction Please follow these steps should you require factory service or repair of your Ainor Instrument:
- 1. a. Telephone Ainor Instrument Company Repair Department for cost of repair or recalibration, Authorization For Repair (AFR) number and shipping instruc-tions.
- b. If you require recalibration, determine whether you prefer:
- Certificate of Calibration, no data (states instrument checked and found to be within accuracy claimed and specifications listed in current literature).
- Certificate of Traceability to NIST(Nationalinstitute for Standards and Technol-ogy, formerly NBS) with data (states instrument compared with factory standard traceable to NIST, lists of calibration data, i.e., " Standard reads..."and "This instrument reads..."
2.
Obtain a Purchase Order or purchase order number from your Purchasing Department showing instrument model number and cost of repair and/or recalibration.
- 3. Securely package your instrument in a strong container surrounded by at least two
+
inches of suitable shock absorbing material. Include the Purchase Order or
)
reference the Purchase Order on your packing slip.*
l' 4.
Mark the outside of the shipping container with the AFR Control number.
5.
Forward the imtrument prepaid to the following address:
ALNOR INSTRUMENT COMPANY 7555 N. Linder Avenue Skokie, IL 60077 Atta: Repair Department
- Please note that instruments received improperly marked or without an accompany-ing Purchase Order may be returned at your expense.
Please also note that AFR* will be cancelled if the instrument is not received by ALNOR within 60 days.
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