ML20081A414
| ML20081A414 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | San Onofre  |
| Issue date: | 01/05/1984 |
| From: | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20081A350 | List: |
| References | |
| NRC-2022-000058 NUDOCS 8403050172 | |
| Download: ML20081A414 (61) | |
Text
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SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION SITE-SPECIFIC OFFSITE RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROMPT ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM EVALUATION Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C.
20472 Under Contract No. EMW-83-C-1217 l
l l
l January 5, 1984 h
- O PDR s......
TABLE OF CONTENTS I.
INTRODUCTION 1
A.
Identification 1
1.
Site Information 1
2.
Governments Within The Ten-Mile Emergency Planning Zone 2
B.
Scope Of Review 2
1.
Emergency Plans For Offsite Response Organizations 2
2.
Alert And Notification System Design Reports 4
3.
FEMA Evaluation Findings 4
II.
FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERION E.6 5
A.
Administrative Means For Alerting (E.6.1, FEMA-43) 6 B.
Physical Means Of Alerting (E.6.2, FEMA-43) 10 1.
- Sire, (E.6.2.1, FEMA-43) 10 2.
Special Alerting (E.6.2.4, FEMA-43) 48 III.
FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION-CRITERION N.1 51
'IV.
FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERIA E.5, F.1, N.2, N.3, AND N.5 57 REFERENCE LIST R-1
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Site-Specific Offsite Radiological Emergency Preparedness Alert and Notification System Quality Assurance Verification State of California Orange County San Diego County City of San Clemente City of San Juan Capistrano California Department of Parks and Recreation Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base I.
INTRODUCTION A.
Identification 1.
Site Information l
The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) comprises three pressurized water reactors.
Unit 1 han a 450 MWe capacity and was licensed in 1967.
Units 2 and 3 are larger with capacities of 1140 MWe eac1. and are of the same general reactor type.
Unit 2 was licensed in 1982 and Unit 3 was licensed during 1983.
SONGS is operated by the Southern California Edison Company.
The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station is located on the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and a public beach.
The station site is in San Diego County about 2-1/2 miles south-east of the City of San Clemente.
1
- 2. Governments Within the Ten-Mile Emergency Planning Zone The Emergency Planning Zone for the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station consists of a ten-mile radius cir-cle with the SONGS as the center point and a small area outside the ten-mile circle to fully encompass the City of San Juan Capistrano and the Dana Point area.
The western and southern portion of this circle is comprised almost entirely of Pacific Ocean, while the eastern portion consists largely of the Camp Pen-dieton Marine Reservation.
The majority of the sur-ronding population is clustered along the California coast to the North-North-West in the Cities of San Clemente and San Juan Capistrano and the Dana Point and Capistrano Beach area.
Local government jur-isdictions within the EPZ include the cities mentioned, Orange County (with jurisdiction over the Dana Point and Capistrano Beach Areas), and San Diego County (with nominal jurisdiction over Camp Pendleton and the f
San Onofre State Park).
B.
Scope of Review I
- 1. Emergency Plans for Offsite Response Organizations The emergency plans and implementing instructions for jurisdictions within SONGS EPZ include:
State of California, " Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan," August 1978;1 Orange County, " Incident Response Plan for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station," January 1983:2 1
I 2
e
San Diego County, " Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan," February 1982:3 City of San Clemente, " City of San Clemente Emer-gency Response Plan," March 1981;4' City of San Juan Capistrano, " Radiological Emer-gency Response Plan," January 1982;5 United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, " Emergency, Response Plan 1-79," April 12, 1979 (with revisions);6 California Department of Parks and Recreation, Pendleton Coast Area, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," December 1980; California Highway Patrol, " Border Division Nuclear Response Plan," May 25, 1983 (Revised)
"Interjurisdictional Planning Agreement for SONGS Response Operations" and supporting precedures, June 1982:9 and Capistrano Unified School District, Memorandum regarding CUSD disaster teams for schools, August l'
1981.10 References 2 thru 5 and 9, above, as well as the
" Emergency Plan for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Sta-
+ ion Units 1,.2 and 3"11 documented the administrative "ns established for notifying and providing prompt 7
instructions'to the public within the EPZ. References 6 thru 6, above, documented the special institutional
-alerting-methods employed in support of SONGS.
3 j
- 2. Alert and Notification System Design Reports The physical means established for alerting the pub-lic within the EPZ were documented in the following reports that were included with the alert and notification system submittal:
Wyle Research, " System Design Report For Community Alert Siren System At San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station," Report WR 83-15, April 1983;12 and Wyle Research, " Evaluation of the San Onofre Nu-clear Generating Station Community Alert Siren System," Report WR 83-21, June 1983.13
- 3. FEMA Evaluation Findings FEMA Region IX and the Regional Assistance Committee (RAC) have evaluated three exercises of the offsite emergency preparedness of jurisdictions around SONGS:
FEMA, " Evaluation Findings, San Onofre Nuci'ar Generating Station Offsite Emergency Fesponse Plans Exercise," May 1981;14 FEMA, " Evaluation Findings, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Offsite Emergency Response Plans Exercise," April 1981;1 and FEMA, " Evaluation Findings, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Offsite Emergency Response Plans Exercise," March 1983.16 l
4
II.
FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERION E.6 The submittal describing the alert and notification sys-tem for the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station was reviewed against evaluation criterion E.6 and Appendix 3 of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1 " Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Rasponse Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
This evaluation criterion states:
"Each organization shall establish administrative and physical means, and the time required for notifying and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone.
(See Appendix 3)
It shall be the li-censee's responsibility to demonstrate that such means exist, regardless of who implements this requirement.
It shall be the responsibility of the State and local gov-ernments to activate such a system." The bases for review against this evaluation criterion were the corresponding acceptance criteria of FEMA-43" Standard Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plant."
This quality assurance verification review was performed to make a determination of alert and noti-fication system adequacy prior to the conduct of a demon-stration of this system for the San Onofre Nuclear Gene-rating Station.
Based upon this quality assurance review, FEMA concludes that the design and implementation of the alert and I
notification system for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station and its supporting procedures conform sufficiently to the acceptance criteria, stated in FEMA-43, for evalua-tion criterion E.6 of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1 to support a finding that the alert and notification system is adequate.
Therefore, the prerequisites for a demonstration of the alert and notification system for the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station have been met.
5
This portion of the quality assurance verification report discusses the review of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station alert and notification against the FEHA-43 ac-ceptance criteria in the areas of administrative means for alerting, physical means of alerting, and utilization of institutional alerting systems (special alerting methods).
A. Administrative Means for Alerting (E.6.1, FEMA-43)
The information specifically cited in the ANS Data l
Submittal addresses the individuals within the SCE Organization responsible for recommending ANS activa-tion to the local governments.
However, it was neces-sary to review Interjurisdictional Procedures No.
1, j
4, and 5 for Orange County, San Clemente, and San Juan Capistrano as well as Standard Operating Procedures No.
1, 4,
and 5 for San Diego County to develop the decision logic shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 is included here to depict the results of this analysis of current documentation.
As figure 1 indicates, the procedures as reflected in the current emergency planning documentation do not appear to completely satisfy the acceptance criteria of FEMA-43 in that they do not specify the means by which the request to activate the system at the spec-ified time is conveyed from the Chairperson of the Board of Supervisors, Orange County; City Manager, San Clemente; City Manager, San Juan Capistrano (if during working hours); and Director of the Office of Disaster Preparedness, San Diego County (unless a general emer-gency) to the individuals (un-specified) responsible for physically activating the sirens from the Orange County Control Center, and the San Juan Capistrano Control Center (if during working hours) and the dis-patcher at the San Clemente Control Center.
6
i 4
i SAN (
ALERT AND NOTIFICATION r
Activate San Juan Capis-
- 4 trano EoC Grange County Core %na-
/
cattors Center Peceives df hota ry A:t a'* * *
- un, o,u.a.tr-l mottee (xC Ct.sef of 33 Operations Or O.oera-
. County ad. Of O' *"9' CC"* 1 Yl tT t
taone supervisor)
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0
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r.Clemenea EOC Not tee (Fire F.a$1o l
Dispatcher Or Police Desk Of ficer)
Not s fy bar.
Cleeente Cat) mo r s e.r San Diego County Com-I f{
Actavete San munications Center W
Receives Slotice (Shif t ggggg, og 3g.
Daego County 50N35 shift supervisor) easter B ret.
- <*S Concurrence pct af aes Emerger.W ben. red if
- lassif acetson General Is.or er,:y l Aetivate San Mwel 4 Recom-San Juan Capistram Cari,ng ge wg, mer.ds Activatic.
Juan C aT,I City Wall Receives Sf Alet t & tota-e' [
notice (Palic horks
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c y O
trano City me r,
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1 state Parks (Institu-O tion) Receives Motice
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(Parts Lept. Radio Dispatcher or Pecep-k taonast) 1 t
State Park $1rens g
Activated Free 4
i SCs;5 TSC 1
a I
inold For fere Informat.
L____________----------------------
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FIGURE 1
)NOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Y
1[
SYSTEM ACTIVATION DECIS ON/ ACTION SEQUENCE DIAGRAM (Documented) aD
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Indicate..n a: tion kno.wt.
ar assanned to sc ur but not doc eented in emergency precedare or rias..
Also Availahle U"
~
Aperiore Card 8403050172-o(
The interjurisdictional procedures state that "In a General Emergency any coordination prior to activation of the sirens should be expedited due to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) 15-minute time limit for alerting."
(Section 3.2.3 of Orange County, Eun Clemente, and San Juan Capistrano Alert / Warning Procedures).
However these procedures do not discuss means to be used to expedite coordination under these circumstances.
It would also appear that drafting of the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) message and making it available to the EBS common program control station would most likely be the most time consuming portion of this coordination.
The sample message attached to the Orange County Alert
/ Warning procedure should streamline the process somewhat.
However, certain portions of the message such as the simple description of the problem at the San Onofre plant may still take quite a while to compose.
The FEMA exercise evaluation dated March 23, 1983 recognized this aspect as quoted on page 11, "Some confusion existed regarding proper procedure relating to EBS message dissemination over radio versus activation of the sirens to alert the public.
FEMA Region IX assumes some responsibility for this problem and as such, will develop a clarification of proper procedure.for handling of the EBS message and siren actuation problem."
Procedural changes have been made which have eliminated these concerns.
Improved documentation reflecting these chenges is anticipated early in 1984.
Figure 2 depicts the newly implemented process for ANS activation.
Exercise evaluations (references 14, 15, and 16) have demonstrated an offsite capability for expeditious hand-ling of alert and notification systems and standard oper-ating procedures to detail procedures for siren activation.
8
- l I
4 SAN ONOFI ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
'I s
(C1
- 1 Activate San Juan Capis-j 3'
trano EOC
.^#
L 8
Orange County Communi-cations Center Receives Notify chair.
Activate l
Notice (OCC Chief of man, Orange Operations or Opera-County 84. Of Orange County EOC tione Supervisor) fupervisors _
'1 Activate San San Clemente Receives Clemente EOC Notice (Fire Radio Dispatcher or Police Desk Officer)
Notify San 4
Clemente City g
Manager
)
San Diego County Com*
Notify Mgr.s Activate San
. ]
munications Center y
San Diego Co*
Diego County SONGS Shift Receives Notice (Shift Office Of Di-Supervisor Spec-Supervisor)
Saeter Preo.
ifies Emergency concurrence Not Requirad ff s
Classificatica 1,evei & Pecom-
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mends Activatior San Juan Capistrano Duty ours g
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]
fication System M
Notice (Public Works a
g 3
Personnel, Duty Hours Notify San c Ss*
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Juan Capis-C,8 Y
W trano City O
Mgt.
Camp Pendleton (Insti-
%tution) Receives Notice (Base Staff Duty officer)
]
State Parks (Institu-ticnl Receives Notice (Parks Dept. Padio clepatcher or Recep-tionist) ll State Park Sirens Activated From SONGS TSC I
4 r
4
-1
.,TI.
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FIGURE 2 LC NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION ACTIVATION DECISION / ACTION SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
~
trrcntly Implemented)
Md10 ' W Reisy To Orange Relay To Cor: mon KEZY/Supportin; KEZY Stations Sup.
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+
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+
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-m cast E83 Massaoe EBS ange Co. s 4 ssage (Pre-Of EBS Message After Siren Ac-Message San Diego Co.
formatted) & Time 6 Time tivation EBS Area Plang San Clemente San Control Centar
+
Receives Notice m
Clerente Sirens Cf Siren Acti-A Matual Agreement On Alert & Notia fication Systea Activation Time Orange Ctenty Y,Q Orange Control Center m
County o
, /9
+
Receives Notice Sirens Y
Of Siren Acti-b Activated
' 4p 4
vation Time m
g y
e.
San Juan Capis-trano Control San Juan Center Receives
+
Notice Of Siren Capistrano Sirens Activaticn Time Activated (Daring Duty Hours Onlyi
'4 A 3 ER~U RE
~
CAR)
Also Xvailahle Un Aperture Card 8403050172-q
I B.
Physical Means of Alerting (E.6.2, FEMA-43)
The physical means of alerting for the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) cons 10ts of fixed sirens and special alerting through utilization of two institutional alerting systems.
1.
Sirens (E.6.2.1, FEMA-43)
The SONGS Community Alert Siren System Design Report, 12 WR-15
, was evaluated in accordance with the evaluation methodology for a Quality Assurance Verification (OAV) as detailed in " Analysis of Siren System Pilot Test."
Anechoic-and field-measured op>> third octave band eound pressure spectrum or relat ive magnitudes of each of the thrc3 types of SONGS sirens were pro-vided by Southern California Edison.
These rela-tive one-third octave spectral levels were converted I
into octave bands and were used iteratively to shape l
the absolute octave band spectral levels so as to I
yield estimated outputs in dBC at 100 ft.
SONGS field measurements at 100 ft (see Reference 13) further substantiated the siren outputs.
The Outdoor Sound Propagation Model (OSPM) (see' Reference 19) analysis confirmed the SCE ratings and utilized l20 tdC, 110
~
dBC, and 123 dBC outputs for the SCE120, FS110, and FS-Thunderbolt sirens, respectively.
These octave band sound pressure levels were further corrected for the 100-ft distance to yield the required input octave band sound power levels for OSPM.
The evaluation of the siren system design calculation procedure was conducted by: (1) comparisons of the li-censee's procedure with the 10 dB loss per doubling of 10
distance rule in the absence of special conditions and (2) comparisons of the licensee's procedure with the OSPM results for specific sirens.
The attenuation calculation procedure used in the SONGS Community Alert Siren System design is given by equations (1) and (4) in Appendix D of Reference 12, both equations of which can be combined into:
1g (R-R ) dBC R$1,700 ft LR" o
g
- t - 20 tog }- - *(R-R,3 -1s dBC R>1,700 ft o
where L
is the siren output level at 100 ft in dBC, l
g
.L is the siren sound level at distance R ft R in dBC, R
is the reference distance, 100 ft, 8
is the atmospheric absorption coefficient per 100 ft at siren dominant frequencies and is equal to 0.45, 0.8, and 1.01 for FS110, SCE120, and FS-Thunderbolt, respecgively, at design weather conditions (17.6 C and 67% relative humidity).
D
.11
The resultant dropoff per doubling of distance is approximately 10 dB for R 1 1,700 ft, with a jump of -7 dB at 1,700 ft, and is approximately 10 dB thereafter for FS110.
Slightly higher dropoff rates exist for other sirens.
The procedure is thus practi-cally the same or slightly more conservative than the 10 dB loss rule but with an additional 7 dB con-servative margin for distances greater than 1,700 ft from the siren.
The SONGS procedure used an additional barrier attenu-ation calculation to account for intervening topographi-cal features between the siren and the receiver.
The procedure is a commonly used simple barrier diffraction calculation.
Seven out of the forty-seven sirens in the system (Table
- 1) were modeled by using the OSPM:
SJ01, SCll, OC16, and OC10, of SCE120 type; SCl4 and SJ03 of FS110 type; and SC12, the only FS-Thunderbolt.
These seven sirens were chosen to include at least one cf each type of siren in the SONGS system and to be representative of the dif-ferent types of topography in the area.
Consideration was also given to including different population densi-ties.
Each siren was modeled along 16 azimuths at dis-tances of 500; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000; 6,000; 8,000; and 12,000 ft. 2 The OSPM topographical input and sound level output data for each of the seven sirens modeled is cepicted in Tables 2 through 15 in the order in which the sirens appear in Table 1.
The topographical input data is shown in meters whereas the output data distances are shown "n feet.
1 l
Some general observations can be made for those cases that do not involve intervening topographical features, such as the range estimations given in table D-2 of Reference 12.
In particular, the ranges to 70 dBC in the absence of special conditions are given as 1,550; 1
12
l TABLE 1 SIREN IDENTIFIER VS SIREN TYPE CINTROL CENTER SIREN #
TYPE HEIGHC San Juan Capistrano SJ01 SCE120 50 SJ02 SCE120 50 SJ03 FS110 35 SJ06 SCE120 50 SJ10 SCE120 50 SJ12 SCE120 50 SJ13 SCE120 50
(
San Clemente SC01 F4110 35 SC02 FS110 35 SCO3 FS110 35 SC04 FS110 35 SC05 FS110 35 SC06 FS110 35 SC07 FS110 35 SC08 FS110 35 SC10 FS110 35 SC11 SCE120 50 SCl2 FS-Thunderbolt 10 l
SC13 SCE120 50 SCl4 FS110 35 State Park
- SP01 FS110 35 SP02 FS110 35 SP03 FS110 35 SPO4 SCE120 50 SP05 FS110 35 Camp Pendle' ton
- CP01 FS110 35 t
CP02 FS110 35 CP03 FS110 35 CPO4 FS110 35 CP05 FS110 35 CP06 SCE120 50 CP07
.FS110 35 CP08 FS110 35 CP09 FS110 35 CP10 FS110 35 Orange County' OC01 FS110 35 OCO2 FS110 35 OCO3 SC2120 50 OC04 FS110 35 OC05
'FS110 35 OC06 FS110 35 OC07 FS110 35 OC08 FS110 35 OC10 SCE120 50 OC14 SCE120 50 OC16 SCE120 50
[
. Notes:
SCE = Southern California Edison Design SOURCE:
Southern FS
= Federal Signal Desien California
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TABLE 5 SONGS SJ-03 (Sound Levels in dBC)
Distance in Feet AZIMUTH 500 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
= = -
E 95 76 61 55 49 45 40 ENE 95 84 66 48 44 41 35 NE 94 84 67 57 43 42 39 NNE 94 73 74 34 48 4+
37 N
94 87 74 33 48 44 37 NNW 94 84 78 30 48 44 37 NW 94 88 56 31 48 44 37 WNW 94 88 75 37 48 44 37 W
94 88 77 48 48 44 37 WSW 94 88 78 47 48 44 37 SW 94 86 68 39 48 44 37 SSW 94 87 67 47 48 44 37 S
94 87 77 34 48 44 37 SSE 95 68 63 37 48 44 37 SE 95 70 64 51 44 43 40 ESE 94 85 66 55 46 45 42 21
TABLE 6 SOUTHERN C ALIFORNI A EDISDN SONGS-CAV SC11 SQURC E-AE CE Lyg R _TQ PQGR AP H J_Q A L { N PU T S W1YM u sPECLIQ_50UBCf_NUMO E8__LAL X=
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76.20 ME7ERS Au asaa1M&S ARE_W1Hi_MIMCLIA_IHLE AST
. GCus_C.OuTE R-CLOC KW IS E GADUND F OL I A GE' INTERVEN11G _ __DISTA4CE TO HIGHEST HEIGHT OF GAID SE AR ING HE IGtli TYPE P ENETRA TI ON
__085TRUC T1045 085TRUCTION' FRON SOURCE 085TRUCT134' -~
~
POINT O! STANCE 1
152.10
- 0. 0 77 72 SQFT 0,0 NO 0.0 0.G 2
304.40 0.0 92.96 SOFT
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_.____4 _ __1219.20 0.0 160,02..._.50FT._ _
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6 2438.40
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1657 68 0.0 32,00 SDFJ 0.0 YES 609.60 153.50 8
152.40 22 50 A3.82 SOFT
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1219.20:4E 45.00 184.40 SOFT
- 0. 0 YE S 1127.76 201.17 18.
19 1828.80 # '45.30 92 96 500 T 0.0 YES 1127.76 201.17 2438.40 45.00 169.16 SOFT
- 0. 0 YES 1127!76 301.11 2
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22 15240 67 50 6pd8
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- 0. 0 YES 579.12 152 40 25 1211.20 67.50.
214Ji _
SOFT 0.0 YE5 579.12 152,40 26 1828.80 67.50 184.u SOFT 0.0 VES 396.24 225.55 27 2438.40 67.50 230.12 SOFT 0.0 YES 2225.04 243.84 2651.76 280.42 26 1657,60 67,50 182.88 SOFT 0.0 YES
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29 152.40 90.00 77.72 SOFT
- 0. 0 NO
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- 0. 0 NO 0.0 0.0 11 s01.60 90.00 153,92 SOFT 0.0 NO 0.0 0.0 32 1219.20 90.00 230.12 SOFT O' 0 NO 0;0 00
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33 1828.80 90.00 199.64 SOFT 0.0 YES 1310.64 231.65 34 2438.30 90,90 93e44 SOFT _..._
- 0. 0 YE S 1310.64 231.65 _.
35 3657.60 90.00 138.68 SOFT 0.0 YES 1310.64 231.65 36 152.40 112.50 77.72 50FT
- 0. 0 NO 0.0 00 0.0 37 304.80 _ _112.50 93.02 SOFT _
0.0 NO 0.0
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38 609.60 112.50 1c9.20 SOFT 0.0 NO 0.0 39 1219.20 112.50 144.78 SOFT 0.0 YES 7G1.04 152.40 40 _
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_ _ _ 0. 0 _
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41 2438.40 112.$0 92.96 SOFT
- 0. 0 YES 701.04 152 40 42 3657.60 112.50 47.24 SOFT
- 0. 0 YES 701.04 152.40 61 111 10 133.D0 eggia
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TABLE 9 SONGS SC-12 (Sound Levels in dBC)
Distance in Feet
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AZIMUTH 530 1000 2000 3
6000 8000 10000 E
109 99 91 61 62 58 51 ENE 109 99 90 60 62 58 51 NE 109 81 73 49 62 58 51 NNE 109 81 91 49 62 58 51 N
109 87 65 68 62 58 51 NNW 109 70 76 67 62 58 51 NW 109 84 76 68 62 58 51 WNW 109 85 76 68 62 58 51 W
109 86 76 68 62 58 51 WSW 109 86 76 68 62 58 51 SW 109 86 76 68 62 58 51 SSW 109 85 76 88 62 58 51 S
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Distance in Feet I-AZIMUTH 500 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
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E 95 84 74 64 58 55 37 ENE 95 84 74 64 58 b3 40 NE 94 84 74 35 44 43 35 NNE 94 84 64 64 48 32 23 N
94 85 74 58 36 31 37 NNW 94 84 74 38 37 25 32 NW 94 84 65 38 48 44 37 WNW 94 84 74 43 48 44 37 W
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4 TABLE 13 SONGS OC-10 (Sound Levels in dBC)
Distance in Feet AZIMUTH 500 1000 2000 4000 60c0 eeee 10000 E
107 98 79 69 63 60 53 ENE' 107 98 89 69 65 62 56 NE 107 98 89 72 63 60 54 NNE 107 98 89 62 58 67 40 N
107 98 89 69 71 60 55 NNW 107 98 89 69 60 60 62 NW 107 98 77 58 62 67 62 WNW 107 100 91 76 71 67 62 W
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107 100 90 66 71 67 62 SSE 107 98 89 56 71 67 62 SE 107 98 89 67 67 65 62 ESE 107 98 89 71 63 58 60 I
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TAILE 14: (CONTINUED) 4, 604.8J 135.00 35.05 SM1 0.0 N3 0.0 0.0
'5 S09.60 135.00 51.N2 SOf T J.0 YES 487.68 48.T7
_..-. 46 - 1213.23 - 135.04 - _-_71*.63 Suf T- -_ - - _ _ - _- - 3. 0. _ - -
YES. --. _ _ _ - _ - -._ _ 4 8 7. 6 3 -.-_ _ _
48.17-47 IM2N.83 135.00 92.96 SCF T J.0 YES 1615.44 97.54 48 2438.40 135.00 77.72 SCFT
- 0. 0 YES 1615.44 97.54 49 3657.63 -- 135.00 5 6.39 - SLF T_._ _..-
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1615.44.-_
._. 97.54 50 152.40 157.50 21.34 SOFT 0.0 N3 0.0 0.3 51 104.83 157.50 30.48 SLF T 0.0 YES 213.36 24.38 5 2 _ -.- _ _.- 6 09. A '
157.53 3d.13 - SCFT
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YE S-518.16_-_
_ _ _ -_.36.58 53 1219.23 157.50
$6.39 SOFT 0.0 YES 213.36 24.38 54 1828.83 157.50 86.87 SOFT 0.0 YES 1447.83 85 34
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56 3657.60 157.50 1.52 SOFT 00 YES 1447.80 85 34 57 152.43 190.00 32.00 SOFT 0.0 NO 0.3 0.0
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_ __._ __ _._ 0.0 59 609.60 180.00 33.53 SCF T 0.0 YES 152.40 30.48 a0 1219.20 180.00 44.20 SOFT 0.0 YE S 152.43 30.48 41 i da S.4 0 __ 4A 0. 0 0
?4.49 SNT 0.0 YES 152.4n 3 0. 4 8 -__. _ _
62 2438.43 18C.00 1.52 SOFT 0.0 YES 1828.83 73.15 63 3o57.6C 180.00 1.52 HARD 0.0 YES 1828.80 73.15 4 4_ _ ___4 52. 43_.._,2 62 : 5 0 22.0J SCFT
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65 304.80 202.50 32.00 SCFT 0.0 YES 213.36 36.58 66 609.60 202.50 38.10 SOFT 0.0 YES 213.36 36.58
_ --___67-
!219.24 702.5n
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68 1828.80 202.50 1.52 HARD 0.0 YE S 213.36 36.58 69 2438.40 202.50 1.52 HARD
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71 152.40 225.00 32.00 SOFT 0.0 N3 0.0 0.0 72 304.80 225.00 32.00 SLFT 0.0 YES 152.40 30.48 73
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TABLE 15 SONGS OC-16 (Sound Levels in dBC)
Distance in Feet
- = -_
AZIMUTH 500 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 E
95 84 74 64 58 48 47 l
ENE 95 84 74 64 58 45 42 l
NE 94 84 61 51 47 42 36 l
NNE 95 75 66 53 49 46 40 N
95 86 66 57 53 48 39 NNW 94 84 76 56 51 46 39 NW 94 85 67 55 46 47 25 I
WNW 94 78 68 59 47 47 37 I
W 95 85 6E 52 47 23 37 WSW 95 70 61 57 37 29 37 SW 95 74 65 47 37 44 37 3SW 95 74 65 46 35 44 37 5
94 84 68 63 58 55 48 SSE 95 84 81 74 68 64 57 SE 95 84 81 74 68 64 57 ESE 95 84 74 64 49 54 47 41
3,000; and 3,620 ft, respectively, rur FS110, FS-Thunderbolt, and SCE120 sirens; the OSPM retalts indicate the corresponding ranges as 2,600; 3,600; and well over 5,000 ft.
These differences can be attributed to the very conservative 10 dBC dropoff within 800 f t c f the siren and the additional 7 dB drop at 1,700 ft or more, since, at such close ranges, the actual dropoff seldom approaches the 10 dB rate.
The 60 dBC ranges were reported as 4,080; 6,100; and 7,770 ft in table D-2, as compared to 4,400; 6,400; and over 9,000 ft from OSPM results.
Thus, in general, the SONGS design procedure is quite conservative.
Fig-ure 3 depicts contours for OC10 that are derived from OSPM results that can be used as an illustrative com-parison with the contours shown around OC10 on map 1 of Reference 12.
Note that Figure 3 does not include superposition effects from adjacent sirens, OCl4 and OC16.
There are only two items worthy of special consider-ations in the SONGS siren design evaluation:
(1) the land-sea breeze effect peculiar to the site and (2) the superposition effects of omni-directional sirens.
Page 3 of Reference 12 identified the daily land-sea breezes as prevailing site meteorological phenomena.
The design procedure as described does not adequately address the issue of shadow attenuation, which can be made more severe than what was accounted for in the excess attenuation term.
However, in areas where an array of sirens is installed, the individual siren shadowing effect can be compensated by other sirens.
This effect would be of concern only in the case of single sirens.
The superposition effect of an array of omni-directional airens in composing the sound level contours of the system was not accounted for in the design.
This, in effect, builds in another conservative margin that can be substantial in overlapping areas among sirens.
42
FIGURE 3 UNITED STATES EXAMPLE OF SIREN CONTOUR PLOT STATE OF CALIFORMI A DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTI.tEfiT OF W ATER RESOU GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
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43
The overall system coverage as depicted on map 1 of Reference 12 by the 60 dBC and 70 dBC contours is judged to be conservative.
A statement of the system meeting the stated criteria in FEMA-43 in terms of a minimum of 60 dBC in areas with population density less than 2,000 persons per square mile and 70 dBC in areas with population density greater than 2,000 persons per square mile can be readily made from information provided in Reference 12.
Based on the demographic description provided on page B-4 of Reference 12 and the sound level contour map shown on map 1 of Reference 12, the system is judged to meet and exceed the design acceptance criteria.
Three types of acoustic measurements were made by South-ern California Edison to evaluate the siren system.
j They are (1) maximum siren sound level data (page D-6 of Reference 13) for the 123 dBC maximum level tes (2) siren range test data (table D-2 of Reference 13 and some measitrements northeast of siren SJ01) for ranging estimate verification, and (3) community a-coustic measurements (table 2-1 of Reference 13) for discrete siren level comparison.
The results of the evaluation of each of the three items follows directly from the procedures presented in Reference 19.
The evaluation is based on the data contained in WR 83-21 and collected on May 4, 1983.
There were other data referred to in the report prior to May 4, 1983, as de-picted on the map contained in the report, that were not used in this evaluation because they were not documented in the report and "were based on January 1982 measurements with corrections added to account for...." (page 2-5).13 There were two sets of range test data presented in table D-2 of Reference 13:
one for an SCE120 siren (SPO4) to the south (offshore direction over the San 44
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Onofre Bluff onto the Gulf of Santa Catalina) and one set along the northerly direction (into the mountains) of an FS110 siren (SP05); each set has 7 sampling points.
The siren ranging estimates vary greatly with the terrain conditions.
They also vary with the weather conditions, due to instantaneous local wind directions that in a large sample set can be averaged out, since all sound measurements made in conformance with ANSI 21
'Sl.2 are lbmited to a narrow and defined range of weather conditions.
The measurements for SPO4 re-presented very special terrain features (over the Bluff);
those over 3,600 ft may have been taken in the shadow zone of sound refraction (wind coming from west north-west) and, thus, may not represent the usual (meaning, needing special attenuation calculations) ranging esti-mates over relatively flat ground.
The measurements to the north of SP05 were taken on a uniform uphill gradient into the Santa Margarita range and, as such, can be considered to approach the flat terrain ranging estimates (the " echo" effect on one-sided sloping ranges are small and well within the range of outdoor sound measurement accuracy).
The quantity of data is sufficient to make a statistically
- conclusive statement regarding the range estimates used in design.
They are descriptively presented in Figure 4 along four measurements to the northeast of the SJ01-SCE120 siren taken on May 4, 1983.
Figure 5 presents the dropoff versus distance using these field data, as compared to the dropoff calculated using SONGS range estimation (equation 1 of WR 83-15), along with the 10 dB loss per doubling of distance and the drop-offs selected from the OSPM model outputs cor-4 responding to SJ01, which most* closely represent,s SPO4,.and SCll, which most closely represents SP05 profiles.
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It can be seen (1) that the SONGS range estLmation procedure is very conservative under usual conditions, (2) that the 10 dB loss per distance doubling adequately accounts for excess attenuation for distances of more than 800 ft out to 8,000 ft and is less conservative than the SONGS ranging estimation, and (3) that the j
OSPM range esthmates are close to the 10 dB loss rule over the-800- to 8,000-ft range under normal conditions and better represent the actual measurements for special 5-topographical and weather conditions.
Shown in Figure 6.are the regression lines developed using the limited field data on SJdl using both the measured and OSPM predicted siren sound levels under the same weather conditions over distances.
It can be seen that the
-agreement is very satisfactory.
2.
Special Alerting (E.6.2.4, FEMA-43) i San.Onofre has, within-its EPZ three institutions that use-their own alerting. systems to notify per-sonnel of actions to be taken during an emergency.
These institutions are the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, the State Department of Parks and Re-creation (Pendleton Coastal Area), and the California State Highway Patrol.
The individual plans submitted for these institutions, in all cases, exceeded the minimum acceptance criteria.
l The portion of tne submittal addressing actions of l
the Department of Parks and Recreation - Pendleton 4
Coast-Area includes both a detailed _ radiological A
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emergency response plan (dated December 1980) and a brief plan (undated with handwritten numbers on the pages).
A number of other institutions within the 10-mile EPZ employ institutional alerting systems as an adjunct to the alert and notification system sirens.
The largest of these is the Capistrano Unified School district (CUSD).
In the event of any emer-gency condition, the Capistrano Unified School District Superintendent is, according to the CUSD
" Emergency Guide - San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant,"
to be notified by telephone from the City of San Clemente Police / Fire Department.
The CUSD Super-intendent or his designee then notifies, by tele-phone, the principal or administrator of each school in the district.
Other institutions within Orange County that would require special assistance for evacuation are con-tacted by telephone by the Orange County Trans-portation Officer in the event of a Site Emergency at SONGS.
He alerts them to the possibility that pro-tective actions may be required and confirms the number of people that may require public transpor-tation if an evacuation is ordered.
50
III.
FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERION N.1 On September 28, 1983, the physical means (sirens) used to alert the population within the plume exposure pathway EPZ for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station were demons-trated to satisfy the alert and notification aspects of 44 CFR 350.9(a).
This demonstration was conducted using the methods specified in Section N.1 (a,b).2 of FEMA-43
" Standard' Guide for:the Evaluation of Alert and Notifi-cation Systems for. Nuclear Power Plants."
The results indicated that this portion of the alert and notification system was acceptable and exceeded the Standards of FEMA-43 and NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev. 1 " Criteria for Pre-F paration and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans ~and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
The September 28, 1983 demonstration of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Community Alert Siren System consisted of a test actuation of the sirens and a sub-sequent telephone survey to estimate the proportion of EPZ i.
households actually alerted and to identify areas where enchancement of the alerting system might be needed.
As specified in the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Pro-I cedures for. siren demonstration, the sirens were turned.on twice for approximately four minutes each time during a fifteen minute period.
The sirens were first turned on at 10 AM Pacific Daylight Time with the second activation at 10:11 AM.
All sirens operated during both activations.
During the first activation, 3 sirens required manual act-ivation, and during the second activation, 2 sirens re-quired manual activation.. The telephone survey of EPZ residences was begun at approximately 10:15 AM and was completed by 11:40 AM.
This survey was conducted by ap-proximately.35 telephone interviewers, each with a separate WATS line and_ computer terminal.
The universe of households
~
to be surveyed was determined by establishing the latitude and longitude of the EPZ boundary.
4' 51
~
A sorted master list of addresses and telephone numbers of a sample of 2,500 households withir the established latitude and longitude boundary was obtained.
Replicated subsamples were developed from this master list.
A sufficient number of these subsamples were developed to ensure that the required number of telephone calls could be made, i.e.,
to establish the proportion of households alerted to within a 5% precision at a 95% confidence level.
The method for sizing the sample to achieve this result is described in " Analysis of Tone Alert Pilot Test."
The telephone survey itself consisted of six questions de-signed to determine:
The validity of the telephone number If the respondent heard the community alert siren test; How the respondent was made aware of the emergency alerting signal; Whether the respondent was at home or away from home at the time of the test; If the household had received the instructional package informing them of actions to be taken during an actual emergency.
Validation of address The questionnaire used for the survey is included as Figure 7.
As part of the telephone survey, a total of 284 households within the San Onofre. Nuclear Generating Station EPZ were contacted and their responses were collected in an automated data base.
Respondents at 26 of these households had been 52
3
- 1749Q FIGURE 7 Chilton Research Services Study 48157 Radnor, Pennsylvania September, 1983 OMB #3067-0103 (FEMA 9/83)
FEMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ALERTING AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM:
PUBLIC TELEPHONE SURVEY SAN ONOFRE l
(1-5)
Time Ended AM PM Zip Code (6-10)
Sample Type (11)
RECORD BEFORE DIALING -Telephone #
(Area Code)
(Exchange)
(Number)
(12-21)
RESPONDENT:
Male or Female head of household.
a
-(ASK, DEPENDING ON SEX: Are you the (man of the house / lady of the house)?
1 INT 10 DUCTION:
Hello, my name is We're calling households long distance from Chilton Research Services as part of a survey. This survey is sponsored by The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the United States Government.
Your answers are voluntary and will be kept strictly confidential.
1.
First of all, is this (REPEAT # DIALED)?
Yes 1
TERMINATE AND DIAL AGAIN No 2
2.
As you may or may not know, there was a test of the community alert siren system for
~
San Onofre (SAN-A-NO-FRE) Nuclear Generating Station.
Did you, or any other member of your household, hear any type of community alert signal from this test today?
22-CONTINUE Yes 1
SKIP TO Q. 4A No 2
Heard from CONTINUE another 3
source ASK IF ANY OTHER HOUSEHOLD Don'*' Know 8
MEMBER IS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE 53
FIGURE 7 CONTINUED 3.
How were you made aware of this community alert test signal?
(D0 NOT READ.
CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)
(23-29)
Siren 1
Neighbor told me 2
Q. 4 Other family member told me 3
Other: (SPECIFY)
O CONTINUE Don't Know Y
3A.
Were you made aware by a.
(READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAC APPLY)
(30-36)
Siren 1
Neighbor 2
Another Family Member 3
Or something else 0
(SPECIFY)
DO NOT READ Don't Know Y
4.
Were you at home or away from home when you were made aware of this community alert test signal?
37-Home 1
SKIP TO Q. 5 Away From Home 2
54
. =.. - -
7 a
FIGURE 7 CONCLUDED 4A.
(IF "DID NOT HEAR COMMUNITY ALERT TEST SIGNAL")
Were you home or away from home around 10 o' clock this morning?
38-Home 1
Away 2
Don't Know Y
5.
Information about what to do in a real emergency at San Onofre (SAN-A-NO-FRE) is contained in a bright yellow packet of information entitled " Emergency Response Information for San Onofre (SAN-A-NO-FRE) Nuclear Generating Station" or, in the front of the " Orange County South" telephone directory. Has your housefiold received this information?
41-Yes 1
No 2
2 Dot't Know Y
1 6.
Because we need to determine whether or not you live in the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) of San Onofre (SAN-A-NO-FRE), would you please give me your address?
(PAUSE FOR ANSWER)
ADDRESS:
and the nearest cross street or main road to your home.
On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, I would like to thank you for giving us some very valuable information.
SP 42-79 END CARD 1 80 -1 55
l away from home at the time of the demonstration of the com-munity alert siren system and therefore were not included in the alerting analysis.
Of the remaining 258 households, 92% (238) indicated that they had heard the siren (s) during the demonstration.
If one uses the estimated number of households in the EPZ (26,511 were obtained during sample selection) in the confidence interval expression in reference 1, it yields an estimated 95%
confidence interval for the proportion of the total EPZ population alerted that ranges from 88.4% and 94.9%.
In other words, between 88.4% and 94.9% of the households in the EPZ were directly alerted by the community alert siren system.
The entire samplc of 284 households was also used to estimate the proportion of households within the EPZ that would have stated they received information about what to do in a real emergency at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station.
Of these 284 households, 69% (196) responded that they had received the information, 23% (66) responded that they had not received the information, and 8% (22) did not know whether or not they had received the information.
Using the approach discussed previously, the following estimates for the entire EPZ population resulted (at the 95% confidence interval):
Between 63.2% and 7 3.8% would have reported receiving the information; Between 18.7% and 28.4% would have responded that they had not received the information; and Between 5.2% and 11.4% would not have known whether they had received the information.
No areas of the alerting system were identified which needed enhancements.
56
)
IV. FINDINGS FORl EVALUATION CRITERIA E.5, F.1, N.2, N.3, and N.5 Those aspects.of the alert and notification system address-ing evaluation criteria E.5, F.1, N.2, N.3, and N.5 of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-l'" Criteria for Preparation and Evalua-tion of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Prepared-ness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants" have been reviewed by the -FEMA RAC Chairman and found to be adequate to provide reasonable assurance that appropriate protective measures can be taken off site in the event of a radiological. emergency.
This conclusion is documented in Sections II.C and V of the
" FEMA Region IX Update / Final Evaluation With Respect to the Adequacy of Plans and the Implementation Capabilities of State and Local Governments Related to San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station" transmitted from Robert L.
- Vickers, Regional Director to Vernon Adler, Chief, Technical Hazards Division on May 13, 1982.
57
REFERENCE LIST 1.
State of California.
1978.
" Nuclear power plant emergency response plan."
Prepared by the Office of Emergency Services.
August 1978.
2.
Orange County.
1983.
" Incident response plan for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station."
January 1983.
3.
San Diego County.
1982.
" Nuclear power plant emergency response plan."
February 1982.
4.
City of San Clemente.
1981.
" City of San Clemente emergency response plan."
March 1981.
5.
City of San Juan Capistrano.
1982.
" Radiological emergency response plan."
January 1982.
6.
U.S.
Marine Corps.
1979.
" Emergency response plan 1-79."
Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton.
April 12, 1979 (with revisions).
BO P3440.1 7.
California Department of Parks and Recreation, Pendleton Coast Area.
1980.
" Radiological emergency response plan, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station."
8.
California Highway Patrol.
1982.
" Border division nuclear response plan."
May 25, 1983 (Revised).
9.
"Interjurisdictional planning agreement for SONGS response operations," and supporting procedures.
June 1982.
10.
Capistrano Unified School District.
1981.
Memorandum from Jill Swanson, Safety / Energy Coordinator, to District Principals, dated August 1981.
Subject:
CUSD Disaster Teams for Schools.
11.
Southern California Edison Company and San Diego Gas and Electric Company.
1982.
" Emergency plan for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Units 1, 2 and 3. "
October 1, 1982.
12.
Wyle Laboratories.
1983.
" System design report for com-munity alert siren system at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station."
Wyle Research Report WR 83-15.
April 1983.
R-1
r-13.
Wyle Laboratories.
1983.
" Evaluation of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station community alert siren system."
Wyle Research Report WR 83-21.
June 1983.
14.
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
1981.
" Evaluation findings, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station offsite emergency response plans exercise."
May 1981.
15.
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
1982.
" Evaluation findings, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station offsite emergency response plans exercise."
April 1982.
16.
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
1983.
" Evaluation findings, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station offsite emergency response plans exercise."
March 1983.
I 17.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
1980.
" Criteria for preparation and evaluation of radiological emergency response plans and preparedness in support of nuclear power plants."
NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1.
18.
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
1983.
" Standard guide for the evaluation of alert and notification systems for nuclear power plants."
FEMA-43.
September 1983.
19.
International Energy Associates Limited.
1983.
" Analysis of siren system pilot test."
IEAL-333.
Prepared for Argonne National Laboratory.
November 2, 1983.
20.
Southern California Edison Company.
1983.
Letter from T.
James DuBois, Supervisor, Technical Support, to Craig Wingo, Federal Emergency Management Agency, dated September 16, 1983.
Subject:
Submission of Addendum to SCE's Previous Submittal.
21.
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
1971.
"American standard for the physical measurement of sound."
ANSI Sl.2-1971.
22.
International Energy Associates Limited.
1983.
" Analysis of tone alert pilot test."
IEAL-321.
September 27, 1983.
R-2