ML20058B990

Forwards Updated Info on Status of Commonwealth of Ma Re Storage of Low Level Radwaste

ML20058B990
Person / Time
Issue date:	10/29/1990
From:	Bernero R NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS)
To:	Lytle J ENERGY, DEPT. OF
References
REF-WM-3 NUDOCS 9010310165
Download: ML20058B990 (1)

Text

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Ms. Jill E. Lytle, Associate Director Office of Waste Operations Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Mail Stop 7A049 United States Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.

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Washington, D.C.

20585

Dear Ms. Lytle:

Please find enclosed an update on the status of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This submittal was provided by Governor Michael Dukakis, who reiterated the State's certification that it would "be capable of providing.

for, and will provide for, the storage, disposal or management of any low-level radioactive waste generated within the state."

Sincerely, 3

(S;gned) Robert lA Bernero Robert M. Bernero, Director.

Office of Nuclear Material: Safety and Safeguards

Enclosure:

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- THE COMMONWEALTH OF. MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE HOUSE BOSTON 02133 i

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MICH AEL S. DUKAKIS

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GOVERNOR September 20, 1990 Robert M.

Bernero Director office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, District of Columbia 20555

Dear Mr. Bernero:

i Massachusetts submits the enclosed information to update the 1990 Milestone certification sent to you on December 22,-

1989 and January 31, 1990 (clarification statement).

A. On-Site Storage-for Decay Massachusetts is proceeding with all-items on ' its action agenda, detailed in the 1990 Milsstone submission,..in-order to be

~

prepared for the 1993-1995 period when all low-level radioactive waste (LLW) producers. in the Commonwealth will store on-site i

because disposal capacity will not be available until 1996.

1. Notice of loss of access.-

All licensees were notified again of the impending loss of access to the three existing disposal sites at a-Low-Level Radioactive Wasta Management Board-sponsored meeting held.

March 14, 1990.

This was the second formal notification all licensees received, having first been told to prepare'for on--

site storage at'a Generator's meeting in October, 1989.

The third notice concerning loss-of-access and mandatory on-site. storage was mailed September.17, 1990 as part of E-the -

Management Board's 1990 survey of all radioactive materials users.

One entire section-of the:1990 survey.isLdevoted to questions about the plans and actions of licensees;to prepare for 1993-1995 on-site storage'.

(See attached survey.).

The next series of Generator meetings (one in eastern Massachusetts and one in the western part of the state) will ENCLOSURE c%

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4 Bernero/ September: 20, 1990 Page 2 be held in October, 1990.

The meeting invitation will reiterate the loss-of-access issue. and storage-for-decay requirements.

These Generator meetings will include workshops.to assist LLW producers in understanding the survey data requests - and-preparing for their on-site-storage needs.

Subsequent Generator meetings are planned for April,1991, and' September, 1991.

2. Mandatory Generator Reporting All radioactive materials licensees and-NARM users are required as part of the survey to report their schedules for developing on-site storage

capacity, including : license amendments, if necessary, and their timetables'for completing progress in :this area.

-The next reporting-period, as described in the Milestone certification, will be April,.1991.

3. Verification of License Information and Conditions The Management Board has established a computerized program to review all radioactive materials

. users?-. licenses - and i

conditions'of operation.

A comparison.is.being made between the license information and the 1989 survey results.1 'As=soon l

as the 1990 survey data is - available,

.it, too, will be evaluated for consistency with_-license = authorization.

l

4. Additional Communications The Management Board is. sponsoring a_ series. of. state-wide workshops in October,1990, to provide technical assistance to generators in such areas as expanding storage = capacity,.

license amendment procedures 'and consolidating,on-site-i I

storage.

5. Other LLW Management Activities

- The ' Management Board is. receiving tachnical. assistance from DOE on source and volume minimization, a: program required l

under state -law for implementation by every LLW producer.

The waste minimization. technical-assistance project will betused-.

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by the Management Board as the framework for its minimization program standards.

In addition, it will-be utilized by-the-l Department'of Public. Health as the foundation for its' source and volume minimization; regulations.

The technical assistance project will be completed by' DOE in September,-1990.

-The Management Board's waste minimization program and the DPH' source and volume minimization < regulations'-

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Bernero/ September 20, 1990 Page 3 will be completed by November-December,1990.

The regulations will be circulated for public--comment.

The other regulations.necessary to _ complete Phase I of the-state'a LLW management and' siting law (i.e. regulations-for the Management. Plan, storage-for-decay, operator selection 1

criteria, siting-

criteria, and facility

. licensure, development, operation, closure, post-closure observation'and maintenance, and institutional control) are in various stages of completion.

First drafts of the Management Plan 'and facility licensure. regulations are undergoing internal reviews.

The operator selection criteria and-siting criteria regulations are completed and ready for public! hearings.

J Slowdowns in the development'of LLW management regulations are linked directly to the reductions in state government

-[

activities which have resulted from the downturn. in the Commonwealth's economy.

State. law. requires. ' that all _ LLW Management regulations be developed and - presented ' to the public for review and comment at no fewer than six state-wide.

public hearings.

In addition, state law prohibits the Management Board from proceeding with facility' siting until all regulations have been promulgated. -The best' estimate, at this time, of their completion date is November-December, 1990.

B. Emergency Centralized Storage Facility The Management Board'_s activities will1 ensure that ; on-site storage is achieved by all'_ LLW generators.as of' January 1, 1993.

However, if the Board determines ~ from 1990 survey data and personal interviews that certain small generators are incapable-of-providing for.on-site storage, the Board'may establish an emergency interim centralized storage facility for~those small-quantity generators.u Waste producers will be notified through'the 1990 survey.that use l-of such a centralized storage facility will entail a severe L

surcharge.

Survey questions seek the information necessary for the Management Board to determine if the need exists.

The survey data i

will be backed up by personal telephone interviews.

The timetable described in the Milestone certification continues to be the schedule for the-Board to make this determination o*f need.

C. Resource Allocation The.-economic situation, which resulted in lower state.

revenues, caused a deficit in the Fiscal Year 1990 state operating

Bernero/ September 20, 1990 Page 4 budget.

Delays by the Legislature to reduce state agency spending and enact a tax package to eliminate the deficit have also delayed action on the FY Capital budget, which would authorize $3.75 million for the FY91 costs of facility siting.-

1 The activities of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Board -- the lead state agency-responsAble for managing LLW in the Commonwealth can. be funded in the short term.by the 1990 surcharge rebates.

However, the Management Board' recognized the need to establish long-term funding support to augment and supplement-the yearly appropriations.

of the:

Legislature.

Legislation enabling the Management Board to assess fees-on all users of radioactive materials is. prepared for consideration this year.

The information in this Milestone 90 update reconfirms our.

plans to manage low-level radioactive waste within our state boundaries.

I again certify that our State will be capable of providing for, and will provide for, the storage, disposal. or management of any low-level radioactive waste generated within the state and requiring disposal after December 31, 1992.-

Questions about our LLW management program should be addressed t

Carol.C. Amigk, Executive Director, Low-Level Radioactive Waste ana ament ar, 100 Cambridge Street, Room-903,. Boston,;MA 02202 or

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'i COMMONWEALTH.0F MASSACHUSETTS 1990' RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS LICENSEE AND NARM USERS SURVEY l

Return completed survey to:

L The Commonwealth-of Massachusetts Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Board 100 Cambridge Street, Room 903 Boston, MA 02202 Telephone (617) 727-6018 Due Date:

November 15,'1990 Part I -- Organizational Data 1.

The Management Board has assigned you this LLW Registration Number:

Please use this number in'any' correspondence regarding questions _you have about the survey.

2. Your NRC materials 2.__

license number (s)

(Add page if necessary)

3. MA Department of Labor 3.

and Industries registration number (s)

(Add Page if necessary)

4. MA Department of Public Health 4.

registration number (s)-

(Add Page if necessary) o S. Name of Your Organization 5.

6. Business Address on NRC 6.

license or State registration

- (Stre.et) l (P.O. ' Box / Floor / Room / Suite) l,-

l (City / Town, State, Zip Code) l l

7.-Contact Person 7.

8. Title

'8.

C

=Please note:

Massachusetts" General Law Chapter 111H requires-the annual collection of information pertaining to low-level radioactive waste.

The law:provides enforcement penalties for those who fail to respond.

r

twenty thousand dollars. The seriousness of the penalties is based on the fact that all Massachusetts LLW producers could lose access to the three existing commercial disposal sites (in South Carolina, Nevada and Washington) for the failure of a few to comply with this survey request.

20. The 1989 survey asked you to attach a copy of Sections 6, 7,

8, and 9 f rom your U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission License.

If the box below is blank, no copy of these. sections was received with l

your 1989 generator survey.

Therefore, if the box is empty, please enclose a copy of Sections 6, 7,~8, and 9 of your NRC license (s).

J l

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21. We enlist your help in filling out those portions of this survey which. apply to your use of radioactive materials and the production of waste, if any.

If your NRC Materials License, your State Department of Public Health registration or your. State Department of Labor and Industries registration is inactive, and your organization did not use any radioactive isotopes.during the survey period of 1989 and January through June, 1990, please check this box If your organization used radioactive isotopes in any form (sealed sources, etc.), even if you do not produce any LLW now, please proceed with the survey and complete the applicable questions.

I Part II -- Waste Production and Management-1.

P10ase describa, in some detail, the nature of your use of radioac?ive mate'?ials, both NORM and NRC-licensed.

Describe these activitiec which generate low-level radioactive waste,' and whether or not the low-level waste you produce ultimately requires disposal in a licensed facility. (Add pages if necessary.)

1

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4 4.

Please provide the total activity for the individual radionuclides in low-level radioactive waste your organization produced in 1989 and 1990 (Jan. 1 - June 30).

Total Actihityeof Waste ~(curies).

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!!cn-fiixed Radioactive Waste Analysis by Cubic feet (1 gallon = 0.15 cubic feet) t.h fib' w3.;

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1990

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Produced' Di'ipssal? ' Produced Disposal Total Volume Volume by less than 20 days maximum half-lite of 20 to 90 days radionuclide in 90 days to 10 years a container t

over 10 years Volume by

<0.1% by weight presence of 0.1% chelating agents by 20.1% by weight weight J10_.CER__R2 )

Volume by Waste List of Waste Types

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?f?MO ni N.*d Type In column ona, list each waste type you checked in Question 5.

Till in the volumes for l

each waste type l

in the I

remaining columns.

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ott et flon-Clansitied !Jon-Mixcd Radioactive Wasto Anclycis by Cubic feet (1 gallon = 0.15 cubic feet)

=

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Produced Disposal Produced Disposal s

(TotalVoluto Volume by

' loss than 20 days maximum half-life of 20 to 90 days radionuclido in 90 days to 10 years a container over 10 yoars l

Volume by Waste List of Waste Types In column one, list each wasto type you chncked in Question 5.

Fill in the volumes for each vaste type in the remaining columns.

'Sco glossary, Part V.

1 11

!41xed Waste (Cubic Feet.)

Column 1 1

Column 2 Column 3

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'1989L ~%

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ITotal Volume Volume by Class A waste class Class B Class C flon-Classified

("other")

Type of Ignitable lla:ard (310 CMR 30.122)

(sum may Corrosive exceed total (310 CMR 30.123) due to Reactive multiple (310 CMR 30.124) hazards)

EP Toxic (310 CMR 30.125)

Toxic Waste (310 CMR 30.131-136)

Acute llazardous Waste (310 CMR 30.131-136)

Mass. Substance List (105 CMR 670.010)

Maximum half-less than 20 days life of radionuclide 20 to 90 days in the 90 dayo to 10 years container over 10 years 9 N G. y,..M cy...

Wacto Description Waste gysq @ y:

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e !Y;'e d&WkB description No.

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(Provide brief dcscription of categories and Massachusetts DEP llazardous Waste llumbe rs. )

i 13

t 10.

Planse indicato your organization's plans for decontamination or i

dsco'mmiccioning during tho p3riodo chown bolow.

Liot tho plchm d cathod of such pctivity (e.g. cleaning, dismantling, entombment), the specific years planned for l

occh activity, the total estimated volume of low-level waste (before treatment l l

(i.e. supercompaction, etc.)] that will result, and the total volume which will i

i roquire off-site disposal.

l Projected Decontamination S

Il of iiiquiElagN

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subi'oWW p(setip + W s.1 j p

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W estm2M.g 1990 through 1992 1

1993 through I

1995 1996 through 2000 Beyond l

2000 au Projected Decommissioning

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2000 Beyond 2000 l

15 1

- -.~.--

12a.

Does your organization have a formal, written policy on minimiziny the sources of radioactive materinas and/or the volumes of waste produced?

e Yes no r

12b.

If yes, please attach a copy of the policy to this survey, 13a.

Does your organization have a

source and/or volume minimization policy that is informal and/or unwritten?

Yes No t

13b.

If yes, please describe your policy:

14a.

Does your organization provide waste minimization education / training to its employees?

Yes b No 1

14b. If yes, please describe:

l l

17

17.

Are there other waste management practices which can be employed in a general fashion in your organization to reduce or eliminate sources and wasto volumes.

place an X in the appropriate space for each vaste management technique your organization used in 1989 and in 1990 (Jan. 1 - June 30).

a. None.

No waste management techniques used in reporting year.

b.

Limiting the number of contaminated areas.

c. Limiting articles brought into contaminated areas.

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d. Sorting low-level waste by radionuclides.

e.

Sorting low-level waste by half-life,

f. Sorting low-level waste by activity.

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g. Using strippable coatings.

h. Replacing techniques that use radionuclides with those that do not use radionuclides.

i. Returning unit dose syringes or other contaminated material to a radiopharmacy.

I

j. Returning sealed sources to manufacturer or supplier,

k. Other general waste management practices:

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18.

If waste minimization management practices were done by a i

company other than your own, please include the company name and I

address:

Name of Company i

Address City State zip i

Name of Contact Types of practices:

If waste minimization was. performed by more than one company, please list those companies and their practices on a i

separate attachment.

19 i

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Part III -- On-Site Storage Plan for 1993 All users of radioactive materials which produce vaste now or in the future, are notified again that the federal Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 allows the three existing sited states to deny access to their disposal sites.

A.' l three sited states South

Carolina, Nevada and Washington -- have declared their intention to take this action as of January 1, 1993.

Massachusetts will not have a permanent in-state disposal facility in operation by that date.

In addition, though agreements are being-aggressively pursued, it is not anticipated that any other state or region will volunteer to take Massachusetts generators' waste, at any price.

Therefore, the only solution which enables the commonwealth to meet the federal mandates requires thr.t all LLW generators store on-site starting January 1,

1993 and continuing until permanent disposal capacity is either built in state or contracted out-of-state.

Please refer to the document entitled

" Minutes of the Generators Meeting, March 14, 199f'," which was sent to you in June, 1990 for details about the ofticial Massachusetts storage and disposal plan.

That plan was submitted by the Governor to the federal government and the three sited states, and details the requirements which are being imposed on all materials users in order to comply with the plan.

The key features include:

. Mandatory Generator reporting.

By October 1,1990 and every six months thereafter, the Management Board will require each generator to report progress in providing for on-site capability,_incliiding any necessary license amendments.

The 1990 survey of all radioactive materials users will initiate this reporting process, i

1 Verification of License Information and conditions.

The Management Board, with the assistance of.the Department of Public Health, will review all radioactive materials users' licenses and conditions to operate.

This information will be i

used to confirm the survey data and reports submitted to the Management Board throughout the period prior to January 1,

1993.

l 21

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A f

B C

D GTCC Mixed Other Total Ib.

Please provide your best estimate of future waste volumes for the years 1993, 1994 and 1995.

Projected Waste Volume and Activity e vu.. v

........s R% MtQ t(WpvutF*".r"n%' r e q{, g_g g. t.

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Other l

l Total 23

3.

Please indicate your current on-sito storage capacity and any plans for storage expansion in the years indicated.

f.

.s...

x s.

...;~19 9 0 "

-1991

,1992?.

~1 9 9 3'.=

' 1994:

. 1995

~

Capacity for storage for decay to background (cu.ft.)

capacity for storage on-site awaiting off-sito disposal (cu.ft.)

Capacity for storage of mixed wasto (cu.ft.)

Total storage capacity (cu.ft.)

4a.

Please describe what action you will take to prepare for on-site storage of all your waste between 1993 and until permanent disposal capacity is available.

4b.

Will your storage needs require an amendment to the possession limit of your future materials license?

I I

Yes No 25

o l

l 4d. Will you require additional storage capacity?

Yes O No l

If yes:

llow much?

l Please outline the steps you will take, your timetable for action and the direct costs of any new storage capacity:

Your plan to increase storage capacity:

l f

Your timetable:

Your costs:

4e. Are any of the actions necessary to expand storage capacity I

which you described in Question 4 subject to local by-laws or ordinance restrictions?

i Yes No Please explain:

5. Please indicate the date by which you will have expanded storage capacity in compliance with the Management Board's requirement for on-site storage beginning January 1, 1993.

Month Year 27

1-l 7.

If your organization generated less than 100 cubic feet in l

1989, or anticipate generating less than 100 cubic feet in 1990 or later, please complete the following question.

The Management Board has determined from past survey data that over 95 per cent of the LLW produced in Massachusetts can be safely stored on the sites of the 10 generators which produce this waste.

There is

concern, however, that some. extremely small generators, who comprise the final one percent of total volume, may require an emergency interim centralized storage facility until disposal capacity is available late in 1995.

By January 1, 1991, the Itanagement Board will determine the need for an emergency interim storage facility (or facilities).

Planning and developing of such an interim facility will occur during 1991 and 1992.

However, be aware that access to any emergency interim storage facility will carry a significant surcharge assessed against those organizations using the facility.

i l

7a. Is your organization interested in using an emergency interim storage facility to store your LLW after 1993, even if a surcharge is assessed for its use?

Yes No l

7b. How much storage space would you require in such an emergency interim storage facility?

N-tt ev*wyn pa,),1,1

,,3w w,

k 97t -

g.. s 1. r <. n.s p a s h

.. ?

to s a -

4h:-, \\ ' 14. l, e i' ' i

< ( J, (. t.E./ 3 'T iT !-

g o

,.;pi, 3

x.

e m..a. m u.u.e m o.

h0%

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1993 j

1994 I

199, 29

- - - -, - - + -...... - -

.. ~. - -,. - ~..,.,

e s

ew

Barnwell, South Carolina -- 1990 No.-- o f - Containers.

. lass volume Activity-

_ cubic feet)

_{ curies)

Type A l Type D.

(

A B

C Total Deatty, Nevada -- 1999 No. of Containers Class Volume-Activity

. Type"B (cubic _feetj__(curies)

Type A1 A

B C

Total Deatty, Nevada -- 1990 1.~.

s.

No; ofP~ Containers) *Y Class' volume;~.

Activity?:

s._

r.,

'(cubic' feet)*

e(curie s),

Type A; Type 1B:

A B

C Total Hanford, Washington -- 1989 4% s;b.

, s, ;

tgo.gof3'Contiaisersk @

Class" LVolumes, I".

' Activity)Q' is 1 r.; 5r.

3\\

m.smy.g ANbTyperBo A

,sp

1. (cubicefeet)'-

(curiesF ~.

w cType+A,J 4 A

B C

Total i

31

i e

3b.

LLW transferred to a broker / processor:

1989 l

Waste Class Waste Type Transferred Volume (cu. ft.)

On-Site Treatment (Method) prior to waste transfer Volume before treatment (cu. ft.)

Volume after treatment (cu. ft.)

1990 Waste class Waste Type Transferred Volume (cu. ft.)

l On-Site Treatment l

(Method) prior to waste transfer Volume before treatment (cu. ft.)

Volume after treatment (cu. ft.)

(Add pages if necessary) 33 e

y

1 1

i, -.

e i

S.

Did your organization ship LLW containing special nuclear matorial for direct disposal or via a broker / processor during 19897 1

Yes O No i

During 1990 (Jan. 1 - June 30)?

l YOG No If yes for either year, please complete the tables below:-

1989 l

l l

l l

l l

I I

I iT$ta16 l

l ll l

1990 31 k,[{k','

k

\\'d b*'

k

... 4 c 4 J ' wn - + : -

mn i tv-

' dss s

u. _. : L.

5 Ld ' ' ~I E -

' Y N I

I I

1 I

I I

I I

I I

I l

6T6talt I

I I

I 35 e

f 4

a 7.

Did your organization dispose of LLW-for any other person or j

organization in 1989?

No b Yes In 1990 (Jan. 1 - June 30)?

Yes No If yes, please identify:

Name Address city State Zip (add a page if necessary) 8.

Does your organization plan to ship LLW (except mixed waste) for disposal either directly or through a broker at any time during the remainder of 1990 (Sept. - Dec.) through 19927 Yes No If yes, please complete the table below:

Md6 %$h 4$dd99MO:'d N dS1991 M $ kdN$$bdNbikhE

?51Fas.

4 o

Volumef(cuif t!)d 4

7

!A'oiivity?(lauri'sA$$

a. <

l Rf;f Volume?(cuif t's)Th?

t --

.m._-_

t 'sy " 'Aeti,i_vityif(6ssids..

'T

)P i J6 !voluhliENSOE$

'q :. ;0?

.Activitydmm.m.w)veuries ?t m

m x

1 --

4

.,1 4

.g

.p4 :+.

&M

. Volumed (ou!f ts)$3'

~ETcci

... ~,,p-.

c 9,<c

- Activity 3 (curimw.,es)?

f i.

VolumeV(c...w:.;u.ft?) W other. ' Ac tivityi(curi~es)L..

rf:

w 37 l

l j

4 Part V -- Glossary of Terms Abrasive cleaning:

The use of abrasive substances to remove contamination from the surface of an object.

Such abrasives may include sand or grit used in scouring, and sand used in sand-blasting.

Absorption:

Any process in which a liquid is held in the

{

interstices of an absorbent material, such as water being held in i

a sponge.

j Accelerator A device for imparting kinetic energy to electrically charged particles such as electrons, protons, deuterons, and helium nuclei.

Common types of particle accelerators are direct voltage accelerators, cyclotrons, betatrons, and liner accelerators.

Accelerator-produced isotopes Radioisotopes that are produced in a cyclotron, batatron, or other type of accelerator.

These isotopes come under the heading of NARM (Naturally-occurring or Accelerator-produced Radioactive Material).

Acidic liquid:

A liquid whose pH is less than or equal to 2.

Activated hardware Tools, instruments, equipment, and lead or lead shielding made radioactive by irradiation.

Activated metals and instruments come from equipment directly associated with the reactor and spent fuel pool.

Acute hasardous waste: A hazardous waste which has been determined by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protectioa to have more severely hazardous properties than hazardous waste.

An acutely hazardous waste is listed in 310 CMR 30.136 (2) and in 310 i

CMR 30.131 with EPA Hazardous Wasta Numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, F027,:or F028.

Adsorption:

The adherence of atoms, molecules, or ions of a gas or liquid to the surface of another material.

Water being purified through.the process of ion exchange is an example of adsorption.

Alkaline liquid A liquid whose pH.is greater than or equal to 12.5.

Bailing:

A compaction process in which dry ' active waste is j

mechanically bundled and bound for disposal or storage.

l l

Biological wastes Waste that primarily consists of the carcasses of animals used in biological research, animal bedding and excreta, and culture media labeled with radionuclides.

39

,,....-.,,_,.,....n.,

,..n on-..

,i.

Table 2 i

j Radionuclide p_oncentration curies per cubic meter Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Total of all nuclides with less than 5-year life time 700 H-3 40 Co-60 700 Ni-63 3.5 70 700 Ni-63 in activated metal 35 700 7,000 Sr-90 0.04 150 7,000 Cs-137 1

44 4,600 There are no limits established for these radionuclides in Class B or C wastes.

Practical considerations such as the effects of external radiation and internal heat generation on transportation, handling and disposal will limit the concentrations for these wastes.

These wastes shall be Class B unless the concentrations of other nuclides in Table 2 determine the vaste to be class C independent of these nuclides.

Class B waste A part of the vaste classification system developed by the NRC in 10 CFR 61, Class B waste is vaste which has radiation levels 10 to 40 times higher than Class A waste.

In addition to meeting all the minimum requirements for Class A waste, Class B waste must also meet more rigorous requirements on waste form to insure stability af ter disposal.

10 CFR 61.56b establishes the additional requirements as (1) structural stability (i.e. maintain its physical dimension and form); (2) removal of liquids, and (3) reduction of void spaces within the waste and b0 tween the waste and its package.

A waste is Class B if its concentration exceeds the value in Column 1 of Table 2, but does not exceed the value in Column 2.

Class C waste:

A part of the waste classification system developed by the NRC in 10 CFR 61, Class'C waste is waste whose radiation levels are generally 10 to 100 times higher than Class B waste.

Class C waste must meet the package and stability requirements of Class B waste, but also be contained by a thick intrusion barrier like concrete to prevent inadvertent exposure to anyone who may " intrude" onto the site.

Because of the higher levels of radioactivity, some Class C waste will also require shielding and remote handlings to protect workers from exposure.

A waste is Class C if its concentration is between 0.1 and 1.0 times the value in Table 1, or in between the values in Column 2 and 3 of Table 2.

CMR:

Code of Massachusetts Regulations.

l 41

.9 1

contaminated liquid filter media:

A sludge consisting of diatomaceous earth, cellulosic fibers, powdered ion exchange l

resin, or charcoal or activated powdered carbon.

contaminated oils:

Lubricating or machine oil which becomes

)

contaminated with radioactive materials.

Contaminated rubble, sand, soil Concrete, gravel, sand and soil, j

or other building rubble contaminated with radioactive materials.

corrosivity:

A waste exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity if a representative sample of the waste has either of the following properties: 1) it is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal to 2.0 or greater than or equal to 12.5; or 2) it is a liquid and corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm per year at a temperature of 130 degrees Fahrenheit.

DAW:

See " Dry active waste."

Decommissioning:

Measures taken at the and of a facility's operating life to assure the continued protection of the public from any residual radioactive or other potential hazards present at a facility.

Facilities can include nuclear power plants, medical and research laboratories, and industrial facilities, s

Decontamination:

The removal or radioactive contaminants from i

surfaces or equipment, using processes such as

washing, electropolishing, abrasive

cleaning, or cleaning with-high pressure water.

l l

Degreasing solvent:

See " organic liquids."

Deregulated wastes Refers to the following two specific waste types that may be disposed of without regard to its radioactive component: 1) liquid scintillation fluids containing no more than 0.05 microcuries per gnm of carbon-14 or hydrogen-3 (tritium);~

and 2) animal carcasses cont =Jning no more than 0.05 microcuries per gram of tissue of carbon-14 or tritium.

These materials must still be disposed of with regard to their hazardous component.

These limits are defined in 10 CFR 20.306.

Dewatering:

The process of removing. water from wet LLW.

Dewatered resins:

Ion exchange rains which have had their i

transport or free liquids (i.e. slurry water) removed.

Free l

liquid is that which is not bound on or in the resin particle matrix.

Residual free liquid in a dewatered resin shall not excead 0.5% by volume of the container in which the dewatered resins have been placed, or 1.0% by volume for those containers which qualify as High Integrity containers (HICs) for the purpose of providing stability to the waste form in the disposal environment.

43

.,.,.,,.~,,.m.,.

. - -. -. ~. _,.

,-...y

- _ ~ _ _.

. ~. _,

3 Half-Life:

The time in which half the atoms of a particular i

radioactive substance disintegrate to another nuclear form.

Hazardous waste A hazardous waste means a waste, or combination l

of wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, safety, or welfare or to the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, used or disposed of, or otherwise managed, however, not to include solid or dissolved materials in. irrigation return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources subject to permits under 4

section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1967 as amended, of source, special nuclear, or by-product material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.

Eigh-pressure water washing:

A process for cleaning radioactive contamination from the surfaces of objects by spraying with a jet of water.

Ignitability:

A waste exhibits the characteristic of ignitability if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties: 1) it is a liquid, other than an aqueous solution of l

ethyl alcohol containing less than 24% alcohol by volume, and has a flash point less than 60 degrees Centigrade; 2) it is an ignitable compressed gas as defined in 49 CFR 173.3001 3) it is not a liquid and is capable, under standard temperature and pressure, of spontaneous and sustained combustion through friction absorption of moisture or chemical changer er 4) it is an oxidizer as defined in 310 CMR 30.010.

Incineration:

A process for' reducing LLW volume by burning.

Most frequently used for organic liquids, animal carcasses, and most solid institutional wastes.

Ion exchange A ' process for selectively removing an ionic constituent from liquid waste by reversibly transferring ions between resins and the waste.

Ion exchange resin see " Contaminated ion exchange resin."

Lead All lead-containing materials, including activated and contaminated lead shielding as well as lead containers, pigs and bricks.

Lead pig Metal poured into a mold into which radioactive waste is inserted in order to absorb the radiation.

The size of.the metal pig depends upon the quantity of radioactive-isotopes.

+

Liquid scintillation fluids:

See " Organic liquids."

45

,..-a,.-.

- - - -,. - ~

J

)

organic liquids:

Carbon compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, e

1

ketones, and organic acid having radioactive contamination, l

including liquid scintillation media containing chemicals such as benzene, xylene, or toluene, and degreasing solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, freon, or vanadous formate.

For the purpose of this survey, this waste type does Dg1 include oils.

r other, or "non-classified":

A waste classification in this survey which refers to wastes that are not shipped either directly or indirectly to a land disposal facility and do not fall into NRC classes A, B,

C or GTCC because they do not satisfy the minimal requirements of 10 CFR 61.55 and 61.56.

An example could be scintillation vials with above de minimis levels of radioactivity, or NARM wastes.

Processor:

Any person or company that takes possession of LLW for purposes of treatment.

Radium vastes Waste that contains radium in the form of radium-contaminated soil, radium needles, or other sources.

Reactivity:

A waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if I

a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties:

1) it is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change without detonating; 2)' it reacts violently with water; 3) it forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; 4) when mixed with water, it generates toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment; 5) it is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which, when exposed to a pH of between 2.0 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity' sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment; 6) it is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; 7) it is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure; or 8) it is a forbidden explosive, a class A explosive or a class B explosive, as defined in 49 CFR Parts 171 through 179.

Recycling:

The process of reusing items or materials.

Recycling may include some form of treatment before the item or material can be reused for its intended purpose.

1 scintillation liquids:

Chemical solutions that produce light when bombarded with radiation.

See " Contaminated aqueous liquids" and

" organic liquids."

sealed sources A radioactive source sealed in a container or having a bonded cover.

The container or cover is intended to prevent contact with, or dispersion of, the radioactive material during normal conditions, shredding:

A mechanical process which reduces material size by a cutting action.

This process-is often used prior to compaction for purposes of volume reduction.

47

.=..

l Transferred disposal volumet The waste-only volume of low-level radioactive waste transferred to a broker or waste processor for l

i storage, treatment, or disposal.

Transurania:

An element with an atomic number greater than 92.

Transuranic waster Waste contaminated with alpha-emitting j

l radionuclides with atomic numbers greater than 92 and half-lives greater than 20 years in concentrations greater than 100 nanocuries per gram.

l Treatment:

Any method, technique, or process, including source i

minimization, volume minimization and storage for radioactive decay, designed to change the physical, radioactive, chemical, or biological characteristics or composition of low-level waste in order to render such waste safer for management, amenable for recovery, convertible to another usable material, or reduced'in volume.

l Type A container:

A Type A container is packaging designed to withstand normal driving conditions, is strong and durable, and shields handlers from the radioactive elements inside.

Type A containers generally take the form of 30 to 55 gallon steel drums with heavy duty closure devices.

They must meet the packaging requirements established in 49 CFR 173, and performance objectives which include free drop, corner drop, puncture and compression tests.

Type a container:

A Type B

container must meet all the requirements of a Type A container and some additional standards for hypothetical accident conditions of transportation prescribed in 49 CFR 173.

These standards include crash conditions, a 30-foot drop, 1,475 degree heat, puncture and fire tests.

A Type B container must have insulation built into the package so that heat from the decay of higher activity contents is safely dissipated without any significant increase in surface radiation on the container or the outside of the transport vehicle.

l Volume minimisation:

Treatment of low-level radioactive waste-after its generation in order to minimize the physical dimensions of the vaste and the space required for disposal.

Washing:

Any procedure in which tools, glassware, and other contaminated articles are washed in order to partially or completely remove radioactive contamination.

Washing may involve the use of detergents or chelating agents.

I 49

, -. _.. -.