ML20003C122
| ML20003C122 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Indian Point  |
| Issue date: | 01/31/1981 |
| From: | BECHTEL GROUP, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML100321398 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8102260661 | |
| Download: ML20003C122 (37) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:_ w b. m 4 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE MODIFICATION OF CONIAINMENT COOLING SYSTEM FOR INDIAN POINT UNIT 2 CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY i t l \ l l l BY BECHTEL POWER CORPORATION ! JOB 14596 JANUARY 1981
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. TABLE OF C0hTEhTS Pa ge I. INIRODUCTION 1 II. EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
2 III. DESCRIPIION OF SYSTEMS 3 A. Existing Open Ieop System 3 B. Alternative Systems 3 C. Design Criteria for Modified Systems 3 IV. HYBRID CLOSED /0 PEN LOOP SYSTEMS 4 A. Chiller or Heat Exchanger Option 4 B. Cooling Tower Option 6 C. Components 8 V. IOTALLY CIASED Ih0F SYSTEMS 12 A.. Chiller Option 12 B. Cooling Tower Option 13 C. Heat Exchanger Option 14 D. Components 16 1 VI. lODIFIED OPEN LOOP SYSTEM 22
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I ! VII. ESTIMATII) SYSTEM COSTS 23 VIII. CO,NCLUSIONS & RECO}9fENDATIONS 24 l
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 HYBRID CLOSED LOOP COOLING OPTION WITH HEAT EXCHANGERS FIGURE 2 HYBRID CIDSED LOOP COOLING OPIION WITH CHILLERS FIGURE 3 HYBRID CLOSED LOOP COOLING OPTION WITH COOLING TOWER FIGURE 4 PROPOSED EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS AND PIPE ROUTING FIGURE 5 PROPOSED EQUIPMENT IDCATIONS AND PIPE ROUTING FOR CLOSED LOOP FIGURE 6 TOTALLY CLOSED LOOP COOLING WITH HEAT EXCHANGERS - SCHEME I FIGURE 7 TOIALLY CIDSED LOOP COOLING WITH HEAT EXCHANGERS - SCHEME II ( LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 HYBRID SYSTEM COMPARISONS TABLE 2 SUtMARY OF SYSTEM COSTS ii
l a I. INTRODUCTION The containment cooling system for Indian Point Unit 2 is a once through system, which utilizes the Hudson River as the source of cooling water. During October 1980, increasfag leak frequency was experienced in the
containment air cooling coils.
Bechtel Power Corporation was asked to investigate the feasibility of modifying the present containment cooling syitem'ho minimize poten.tial for future leakage. This report evaluates alternatives to the exi' sting open loop cooling system and provides conceptual designs for viable alternatives with order of magnitude costs. Detailed engineering has not been performed. However, engineering analyses have been perfbrmed
. in sufficient detail so as to assure the applicability and effective-i ness of the proposed solutions.
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II. EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Tota:1y closed loop systems and hybrid systems were evaluated for functionability and total system costs. Systems that are recomended for consideration are listed in order of increasing costs.
- 1. Hybrid closed /open loop system with heat exchangers
- 2. Hybrid closed /open loop system with evaporative coolers
- 3. Hybrid closed /open system with chillers
- 4. Totally :losed system with heat exchangers e
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III. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS A. The Existing Open Loop System: The existing containment cooling system is a once through system. Water from the Hudson River is provided by service water pumps to five containment air coolers, where heat is extracted and sub-sequently discharged to the river. B. Alternative Systems: Three alternatives to the existing cooling system have been considered: A. Hybrid Closed /Open Loop Systee B. Totally Closed Loop System C. Modified Open Loop System C. Design Criteria for Modified Systems: Any system that replaces or modifies the existing containment cooling system must meet the following requirements: o The design will provide sufficient redi=dancy so that the loss or failure of a component will not effect
- pormal or LOCA operation.
l o E'quipment will be designed and fabricated to ASME Section YIII and piping and valves to ANSI B 31.1 o Equipment and components required to operate during a LOCA will be seismically qualified and missile protected. o The smisting containment air coolers will not be replaced. 3 l i
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i IV. HYBRID CLOSED /0 PEN LOOP SYSTEMS The hybrid systems envisionel would be such that during normal operations, the containment air coolers would be provided with demineralized water through a closed loop cooling system. Initiation of a Safety Injection Signal (SIS) would automatically isolate the closed loop and align valves ; I to permit once through cooling utilizing river water and existing service i water pumps. The closed loop cooling options evaluated are:
- a. Chiller
- b. Heat Exchanger
- c. Cooling Tower The hybrid closed contairusent cooling systems utilizing either heat exchangers or chillers to interface with the existing system are illus-trated in Figures 1 and 2, together with valve line ups for normal and IDCA modes of operation. The remaining option, utilizing a cooling tower is shown in Figure 3.
A. Chiller or Heat Exchanger Option Redimdant ,1007. capacity pumps, heat exchangers or chillers are pro-vided to asn't$re high reliability and to allow maintenance capabilities during. normal operations. RadimAnney in flow paths is also provided in the eventuality of a supply header failure. In each option, during normal system operation, treated cooling water is pumped by one recirculation p g through the contaissent air 4
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cooler cooling coils where it absorbs heat from the air blowing over
' them. The heated water is then returned to be cooled by either the heat exchanger or chiller. Service water is provided by two of three existing nuclear service water pumps to dissipate 6e heat from the heat exchanger or chiller.
An expansion tank is provided on the suction side of the pumps to accouanodate any volume changet and to set system pressure. Water losses due to leakage from pump and valve seals will necessitate makeup, (not shown on figures) which will be introduced at the expansion tank. A leak detection system *(not shown) utilizing a voltane inventory device will be incorporated into the system to alarm abnormal losses. A conductivity cell would indicate open system infiltration as a result of high service water pressure and chiller / heat-exchanger interface leakage. The existing tagerature control valves (TCV) downstream of the containment air coolerswould have to be removed so as not to inter-fare with.s'ystem operation. Following an indication of an accident condition, SIS actuation will automatically isolate the closed loop portion of the system and realign valves to permit once through cooling. The T/X:A mode of operation is basically the same as that of the existing system with minor modifications. l 5 0 l e
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To prevent the containment air coolers from operating under a vacuum, they are back pressured by introducing an orifice downstream of the once through system. This places an extra head requirement on the system which can be met by the existing service water pumps. Figure 4 shows the proposed location of the heat exchangers or chillers and the recirculation pumps. B. Cooling Tower Option The last hybrid system considered incorporates a mechanical draft cooling tewer to dissipate the heat from the containment air coolers and does not interface with the service water system during normal operations. Figure 3 illustrates this option, together with the valve line up for normal and LOCA modes of operation. Froposed '{ location of the cooling tower is shown on Figure 5. As with the other hybrid systems, redundant 100% capacity equipment is pro-vided with the exception of cooling towers. Heated water in this case returns to the cooling tower to be cooled. Cooling is primarily through evaporation. S 6 -
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I . Due to evaporation, concentration of dissolved impurities increases and necessitates periodic blowdown. Make up water is required to compensate for blowdown and evaporation losses, and is estimated at 30 gpm of treated water. This is a substantial burden on any existing water treatment system, Leak detection is considerably more complex than the other hybrid options and is not shown. Back pressure on the containment air coolers is maintained by a restrie-ting orifice. In addition, fire protection and freeze , otection are rectiired. Some of the proble=s associated with a cachanical draft cooling tower [ can be alleviated by the use of r'e'dundant closed circuit evaporative
! coolers. Make up and discharge can be from the river and fire i .
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;_ protection is not required.
1 Dry air coolers were investigated but not considered for use. These units utilize sensible cooling, require higher air flows and larger [ coil surface than evaporative coolers which e= ploy the more efficient - evaporative cooling principle. The capital cost of dry air coolers'is
! also higher than evaporative coolers.
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l l Table 1 comparatively evaluates the various options considered for the hybrid systems. C. Components: In addition to piping, valves, instrumentation and controls, the following major equipment will be nect *ary for the hybrid system options.
- a. Chiller Option Centrifugal Chiller Quantity 2 Capacity, cons sa 1000 (nominaO Kw Input (compressor) 700 Design Pressure, peig 150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII Closed Loop Recirculation hamp Quantity 2 Capacity, gym ea 2850 Head, ft sa 50 Type Horizontal-Cantrifugal Drivitr Electric Motor l
Driver BHP ea 50 t
. Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute NEMA (motor) 8 l
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Expansion Tank Quantity 1 Capacity, gallons 250 Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Temperature F 100 Operating Pressure, psig 30-50 Design Codes ASNE Section VIII
- b. Heat Exchanger Option Closed Loop Heat Exchanger Quantity 2 Design Heat Transfer BTU /hr ea 11 x 10 6 Type Plate and Frame
/ Design Temperature OF 100 Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII Closed Loop Racirculation Pump Quantity 2 Cdpacity, gym as 6000 Type Horizontal-Centrifugal
, Total Head, ft 100 Driver Electric Motor Driver, ERP es 200 l Codes & Seawfards Hydraulic Institute
! NEMA (motor) 9 p.% g
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l l Expansion Tank Quantity 1 Capacity, gallons 250 Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Temperature F 100 Operating Pressure, psig 30-50 Design Codes ASME VIII
- c. Ccoling Tower Options
- 1. Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Quantity 1 Flow, gym 2850 Evaporative Losses, gym 22 Cold Water Outlet Tegerature OF 85
/ Fan HP 50 Closed Loop Recirculation Ptssps Quantity 2 Capacity, gym em 2850
- Type Centrifugal or Vertical Turbine Total Head, ft 50 Driver Electric Mo'nr
', Driver, BHP, ea 50 Codes & Srandards Hydraulic Institute 1GDE (Motor) l l
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- 2. Closed Circuit Evaporative Coolers Quantity 2 Flow, gym em 2850 Evaporative Losses gym em 22 Cold Water Temperature 85 Fan HP 200 HP 20 BP Pump HP Closed Loop Recirculation Pump Quantity 2 Capacity, gym em 2850 Type Centrifugal Total Head, ft 50 Driver Electric Mator f
Drivar, BHP, ea 50 Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute NEMA (motor) O e4 11 e ee e,m. .. _ - s,w - ,, -,,m. , .,-o,4m-- mmgy - m y n - .4,.,s ..y, , -m ew- , o y v m - w--vgwe-,, v ,m-q
V. TOTALLY CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS A totally closed loop cooling system can be provided by establishing a separate loop to supply rise containment air coolers with cooling utter. Water in this loop would be deminer.lized water and treated with corrosion inhibitors. The options considered for the heat sink are: A. Chiller B. Cooling Tower C. Heat E= changer Each is discussed in further detail. A. Chiller Option During normal operation, the heat to be removed from the contain-ment is 11 million BTU /hr and would require a nr= h=1 1000 ton centrifugal chiller. Post LOCA, 380 x 10 6 BTU /hr of heat must be removed. This requires chiller (s) capacity of 32,000 tons. Electrical power requirements for chillers are approximately 1 kw/ ton ( Thus for this option, 1000 kw of Non-Class-IE and 32,000kwo'5 Class-IEpowerarerequired. To prpvide Class IE power, two (1007, capacity) new emergency diesels are required together with a seismic diesel building and two seven-day fuel oil tanks. 12 l -
In add. tion, the emergency chillers would be required to operate during LOCA and as such a new seismic structure would be needed to ' house them, since space limitations preclude installation in an existing building. From power considerations alone, this is not a viable option and, therefore, not further evaluated. I B. Cooling Tower Option A cooling tower can be used in a closed loop system for containment air coolers cooling. In addition to the high water quality require-ments, further water treatment is required to prevent scaling and deterioration of the tower. Make up water will have to come from a clean water source. , j E (' Normal make-up requirements present no problems, however, LOCA operations require approrimately 750 gallons per minute to compen-sate for evaporative losses ir dissipating LOCA heat (380 x 106 l BTU /hr). Storage requirements for maka up water amount to approxi-mately 1 million' gallons per day. Power to e fans (approximately 1000 kw) must be provided from a Class IE source for LOCA operations and require new redundant diesel}generatorsandanewdieselgeneratorbuilding. t. l This option is not considered viable on the basis of the large aske-up requirement and is, therefore, not evaluated further. l 13 l t 44g-%36 hW ge g -,eog igehm ,-w--+- A 1- -w , e+-,s.,- v -- e-am -- --e-g-----a yzp34. ye are- e..m-.y.,9+ -,wy Wqy - --ww ,gw fgr-g w-- ,-*g- w-ww.y er--=--ww T' -cgwg- p ---g e4 Y ge-g
g C. Heat Exchanger Option Yigtre 6 depicts operation of a totally closed coding system using a heat exchanger. 1007. capacity redundant cocrponents and piping are provided for both normal and LOCA operation. During normal operation, cold water is circulated through the heat exchanger by the closed loop recirculation pump. Heat is removed from the heat exchanger by the service water and routed to the discharge channel. Actuation of a safety injection signal realigns the valves so that the flow path is now through the emergency recirculation pumps and heat exchanger. Service water dissipates the heat from the heat exchanger to the discharge channel. Nonnal flow to the contaitument air coolers is 6,000 gym with 87* F entering closed ( loop water temperature with 85 F service water tesperature. Under these conditions, containment temperature is approximately 1200 F. LOCA conditions require flows of 14,000 gym to the contaitunent air coolers and 15,000 gym of service water to the emergency heat exchanger., The emergency recirculation pumps are sized to accommoddte LOCA flows. However, existing service water pumps , cannot meet the flow demands and will have to be replaced by 1 higher capacity pumps, which will increase their horsepower require-ments. Both the emergency recirculation pumps and service water pumps must be provided power from a Class IE source. It is l l estimated that 1,300 hp is required to operate this system during ! 14 G
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a LOCA. This power requirement cannot be met by the existing diesel and new diesels will have to be purchased. The possibility of reducing power requirenents for the containment air coolers fan motors was irrrestigated so that the service water pumps could be powered from the existing diesel. buring LOCA, containment atmosphere consists of a steam-air mixture, and the containment air coolers primarily act as condensers. Heat transfer across the containment air cooler cooling coil.s under these con-ditions is relatively insensitive to air flow. Reducing fan speed by one-half would approximately transfer the same amount of heat as under normal full airflow conditions. At present, the only two-speed fan-metor combination qualified for containsent service under LOCA conditions is a vane-axial fan / motor combination. The high static pressure (22.5 inches v.g.) requi ed by the present system for LOCA operation cannot be provided by a vane-axial fan. Thus, modifications to the preseint contaitunent air coolers fans does not appear to be feasible. l Space limi ations preclude installation of essential components in l .. l any existing seismic structure. Therefore, a new building will have to be constructed. l l Figure 5 shows the proposed location of the new diesel generators / l heat exchanger building with prelininary pipe routing. l l 15 l i ! . . - - . - - . . - .~.... - - - _ _ . - .. .
Leak detection and system pressure control are similar to those i described in the hybrid s: stems. I As a take-off on this option, another scheme is proposed which reduces the saount of equipment -equired. Figure 7 illustrates this concept. In this scheme normal flow is through one of two normal recirculation pumps then to a heat exchanger. If the heat exchanger is removed from duty, flow can be diverted to the , single emergency heat exchanger. Actuation of an SIS signal realigns the valves such that the flow path is now through the high capacity emergency recirculation pump and emergency heat exchanger. Redundancy of the closed loop emergency equipment and piping is not provided. However, failure g of any component in the LOCA mode of operation requires that realignment of valves take place to permit once through cooling as exists for the present system. Both schemes are evaluated for this option. D. Cogonents In addit n to piping, valves, controls and instrumentation, the following major equipment is required for the closed loop option with the heat exchanger:
$cheme I - Redundant Components i
- a. Emergency Closed Loop Beat Exchanger Quantity 2 16
l l Design Heat Transfer BTU /hr ea 380 x 10 6 Type Shell and Tube Design Temperature Shell/ Tube Side F 250/150 Design Pressure Shell/ Tube Side, psig 150/150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII
- b. Emergency Closed Loop Recirculation Pumps Quantity 2 Capacity, gym en 14,000 Type Horizontal-Centrifugal i
Total Head, ft ea 125 Driver Electric Motor l' 400 Driver BHP, ea Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute NEMA (motor)
- c. Normal Closed Loop Recirculation Pumps Quantity 2 ,
,", Capacity, gym ea 6,000 gym
Type Horizontal-Centrifugal
. Total Head, ft 100 Driver Electric Motor Driver BHP, sa 200 Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute IBMA (motor)
' 17
- d. Normal Closed Loop Heat Exchangers Quantity 2 Capacity, en BTU /hr 11 x 106 Tyre Pinte and Frame Design Temperature F 100 Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII
- a. Expansion Tank Quantity 1 Capacity, gallons 250 Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Temperature *F 100
( Operating Pressure, psig 30-50 Design Code ASME Section VIII
- f. New Service Water Pumps Quantity 6
," Capacity, gym ea 9000
Type Vertical Turbine l
- Total Head, ft sa 125 Driver Electric Motor Driver BHP, sa 450 l
Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute REMA (motor) t 18 4
- g. Diesel Generator i Quantity 2 Rating Kw en 1000 Scheme II - Non-Redundant Components
- a. Emergency Closed Loop Heat Exchanger Quantity 1 Design Heat Transfer 380 x 106 BTU /hr Type Shell and Tube Design Temperature "F Shell/ Tube 250/150 Design Pressure Shell/ Tube, psig 150/150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII
(
- b. Emergency Closed Loop Recirculation Pumps Quantity 1 Capacity, gym sa 14,000 Type Horizontal-Centrifugal
. Total Head, ft en 125
' ,, Driver
> Electric Motor Driver BHP, sa 400 t .
l ' Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute l NEMA (motor) l 19
- c. Normal Closed Loop Recirculation Pumps Quantity 2 Capacity, gym ea 2,850 Type Horizontal-Centrifugal Total Head, ft 100 Driver Electric Motor Driver BHP, ea 100 Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute NDIA (motor)
- d. Normal Closed Loop Heat Exchanger Quantity 1 Capacity, ea 11 x 106 BTU /hr Type Plate and Frame Design Temperature F 100 7
Design Pressure, psig 150 Design Codes ASME Section VIII
- e. Expansion Tank Quantity 1 capacity, gallons 250 Design Pressure, psig 150
' Design Te p rature F 100 . Operatiag Pressure, peig 30-50 Design Code ASNE Section VIII 20
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- f. New Service Water Pumps Quantity 6 Capacity, gym as 9000 Type Vertical Turbine Total Head, ft en 125 Driver Elec efe Motor Driver BHP, sa 450 Codes & Standards Hydraulic Institute NEMA (motor)
- g. Diesel Generator Quantity 2 Rating Kw ea 1000
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VI. MODIFIED OPEN LOOP SYSTEM This alternative considers running the existing system in the LOCA mode at all times. In the LOCA mode individual cooler flows are 2000 gpm which correspond to 4.4 feet per second. It is recem-mended, however, that the coolers be back pressured as discussed in the other alternatives. , Fans can be turned off manually, as required, to avoid overcooling the containment. This scheme can be installed with a relatively low cost and minimal modification. At this time, sufficient data is not available to access the f k effectiveness of this alternative and it is not further evaluated. e 22
VII. EsrTu.A M SYS M COSTS Ihe order of magnitude costs associated with the viable alterna-tives evaluated are tabulated in Table 2. Equipment costs are based on vendor information, whereas installed piping costs have been determined on the basis of preliminary routing. No considera-tion has been given to interferences such as existing underground piping and duct banks. The cost for the seismic structure has been estimated on the basis of the volume of the building and comparing it to similar buildings designed by Bechtel. Equipment handling hardware such as overhead hoists and cranas, as well as miscellaneous components have not been incorporated into the costing of the building, which if added may increase the estimated costs substantially. Costs for modifying the existing service water pump house (if necessary) to accomanodate the new service w'a ter pumps have not been included for the totally closed loop alternative. Included are costs for detail engineering design for each alternarfve. All costs are in present dollars. o O 23
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VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS t Each alternative evaluated in this study is technically feasible. Total system costs, however, favor the hybrid systems over the totally closed systems. A brief discussion of each scheme follows: I l The hybrid closed loop system with the chiller option while technically i acceptable is significantly higher in first cost than the other hybrid systems. Its power requirements are also higher and the electrical interface with the plant power supply more complex. The hybrid c'losed loop system with the heat exchanger option offers the advantage of requiring the least space, minimal maintenance and low power consumstion. Being composed of passive components, it in itself does not require a separate power source, which simplifies the electrical interface. The heat exchanger option is the 13ast expensive when the additional costs for fire protection freeze pro-j tection, basin, foundation, etc., are added on to the base cost of the cooling tower options. The hybrid mechanical draft cooling tower option has the ad~ vantage of being ind pendent of the service water system. It does, however,
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require a relatively large amount (30 gym) of domineralized water to make up for evaporation and blowdown losses. The added requirements for fire and freeze protection and for the makeup and blowdown sub-systems make this option less attractive than the heat archanger option. The hybrid closed circuit evaporative cooler option provides a completely closed system during normal operation. It offers adrantage over the 24 m . .-. * %. e sw e. - ,
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_r mechanical draft option in that fire protection is not needed and its requirements for makeup can be met from the service water system. The necessity of a makeup and blowdown sub-system and freeze protec-tion also makes this option less desirable than the heat exchanger option. The two schenes for the totally closed cooling option with the heat exchangers, while technically feasible, are the most complex mechanically and electrically. In addition, they are an order of magnitude greater in cost and offer no significant advantage over the hybrid systems during notinal operations. Based upon total system costs and functionability of the systems, it is recossmended that the hybrid systems be given consideration over ( the totally closed loop systems. The order of preference among them is:
- 1. Hybrid closed cooling system with the heat exchanger
- 2. Hybrid closed cooling system with the evaporative cooler
- 3. Hybrid closed cooling system with the chiller l
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Page 1 of 2 TABLE ! t HYBRID SYSTEM COMPARISONS COOLING TOWERS CHTT.T.FR HEAT EXCHANGER Closed Circuit Mechanical Draft Evaporative Cooler High2r quality water Higher quality water Higher quality water Higher quality water cill prevent deter- will prevent deter- will prevent deter- will prevent deter-icrction of piping ioration of piping ioration of piping ioration of piping during normal opera- during normal opera- during normal opera- during normal opera-tion 3. tions. tions. tions. Chemical condition- Chemical conditioning Water in closed loop Chemical cendition-ing of closed loop of closed loop water has to be conditioned ing of closed loop water infrequent. infrequent. on a regular basis water infrequent. for scale / corrosion control. Make up water re- Make up water re- Make up requ Naments Make up requirements quirements minimal quirements minimal. substantial ( 30 gyn0. substantial ( 30 gpm) however, river water ( can be used for make up. l Leaks can be readily Leaks can be readily Leak detection more Leaks can be datacted. detected. complex. readily detected. Con 3 tant containment Containment temperature Containment tempera- Containment tempera-j temperature. varies with river water ture varies with air ture varies with air l temperature. wet bulb ' temperature, wet bulb temperature. Frscz3 protection Freeze protection not Freeze protection Freeze protection not r: quired. required. required to prevent required to prevent ice formation on fan ice formation on fan blades and louvers. blades and louvers. Nuitance factors None Noise moderate, Noise moderate, cuch as noise plume & drift- plume & drift mod;rcte. A v
. . . . _ _ .._ _.. . . . . . _ _ . ~ . . . .
Page 2 of 2 TABLE 1 (m l I HYBRID SYSTEM COMPARISONS (Continusd) l COOLING TOWERS CHILLER HEAT EXCHANGER Mechanical Draft Eva o ive 1er Fira protection Fire protection not Fire protection Fire protection not nst required. required. required. required. Sp ca available for Space available for Cooling tower has to Cooling tower has to chillers & pumps in heat exchanger in be located outside. be located outside, existing building. existing building. Inadvertent initia- Inadvertent initia- Inadvertant initia- Inadvertant initia-tion into LOCA mode tion into LOCA mode tion into LOCA mode tion into LOCA mode of operation, loss of operation, loss of operation, loss of operation, loss cf effsite power of offsite power of offsite power of offsite power contaminates'cloced contaminates closed contaminates closed contaminates closed loop system. loop system. loop system. loop system.
"-frigerant requires Periodic cleaning of Requires frequent Periodic cleaning of
,.riodic pumping out plates required. maintenance i.e. drain pan to remove to cliefu te water Maintenance is easier. basin cleaning for sludge, vapor. Periodic sludge & trash maintenance also renoval.
l rsquired to clean i cond:nser tubes. \
- High power consump- Low power consumption Lowest power consump- Power consumption tion during normal a 151 kw. tion = 75 kw.
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m204 kw. operation w750 kw. ,- Twa nuclear service Two nuclear service Two nuclear service Two nuclear service w;tsr pumps in water pumps in water pumps in water pumps in operction. , operation. operation. operation. Delivery is Delivery is Delivery is Delivery is 12 months. 9 months. 6-9 months. 6-9 months. l l l l
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