ML19350E515

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Certified Minutes of ACRS Subcommittee on Reactor Radiological Effects 810310 & 11 Meeting in Washington,Dc Re Review of NRC Draft Technical Bases for Estimating Fission Product Behavior During LWR Accidents
ML19350E515
Person / Time
Issue date: 04/22/1981
From:
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
To:
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
References
ACRS-1835, NUDOCS 8106230216
Download: ML19350E515 (19)


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E O 72d/81 ISSUE D MINUTES OF THE ACRS MEETING OF THE

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5lIlW SUBCOMMITTEE ON REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS I/

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MARCH 10 & 11,1981 (7 %s.g.a ?sI&rcus WASHINGTON, DC

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D The ACRS Sucommittee on Reactor Radiological Effects held a meeting

.g March 10 and 11, 1981 in Room 762, 1717 H St., NW, Washi,9 on, DC.

The t

purpose of the meeting was to discuss and review the NRC draft reports entitled, " Technical Bases for Estimating Fission Product Behavior During LWR Accidents", and " Regulatory Impact of Nuclear Reactor Accident Source Term Assumptions", and to prepare proposed ACRS comments to be included in a letter to the Chairman of the NRC.

The entire meeting was open to the public.

Notice of this meeting was published in the Federal Register on Monday, February 23, 1981.

A copy of this' notice is included as Attach-ment A.

A list of attendees for this meeting is included as Attachment 8, the schedule for the meeting is included as Attachment C, and a list of all reference material for this meeting is included as Attachment D.

A complete set of handouts has been included in the ACRS files.

There were no written or oral statements from the public. The Designated Federal Employees for

.this meeting were Mr. John C. McKinley (on March 10,1981) and Mr. Al Igne (on March 11,1931).

SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRMAN'S OPENING REMARKS D. Moeller opened the meeting with a brief statement on the purpose and goal of the meeting. He stated that the Subcommittee would review the NRC draft reports on the technical bases for accident fission p;oduct source terms and the regulatory impact of changing the source terms.

The Subcommittee would then prepare proposed comments to present to the full ACRS on March 12, 1981.

8106280 h

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. t REACTOR RADIOLOCiCAL EFFECTS 3/10811/81 INTRODUCTION OF NRC TECHNICAL REPORT C. Kelber of the NRC Staff introduced the proposed schedule for issuing th'e NRC draft reports to the Commissioners. He stated that the reports would be forwarded by the end of March 1981 if no major errors are found during the ACRS or peer review process.

OVERVIEW OF

SUMMARY

. AND CORCUISIONS OF NRC TECHNICAL REPORT M. Silberberg of the NRC [bff gave a summary and conclusion for the draft report, " Technical Bases for Estimating Fission Product Beh3vior During LWR Accidents." The objective of the report was to provide a description of t'he best ttchnical information currently available for estimating the release of radioactive mate' ial during postulated severe r

accidents in commercial LWRs. Some of the issues addressed and the report conclusions were:

(1) Issue:

Is cesium iodide the predominant radiofodine form released from the fuel during severe accidents?

==

Conclusion:==

Cesium iodide is the expected predominant fodine form under postulated accident conditions, al-though some elemental iodine may exist under certain conditions.

(2) Issue:

Is the release of iodine during postulated reactor accidents currently being overestimated?

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REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3,

3/10&1l/81

==

Conclusion:==

The assumed form of iodine does not have a major influence on the estimated iodine release for.

the risk dominant accidents.

However, for less severe accidents, the iodine chemical form does influence the predicted amount of iodine released to the environment.

(3) Issue:

Were the expected consequences of the most severe postulated accidents overpredicted in past analysis by several orders of magnitude because natural mechanisms for the removal of' the fission products were not properly accounted for?

==

Conclusion:==

The results of the study do not support the, con-tention that the predicted consequences for the severe accidents have been overpredicted by orders of magnitude.

(4) Issue:

Will the Engineered Safety Features (ESFs) designed for iodine control be effective and optimal for the actual iodine behavior, rather than the behavior-currently assumed, and how will these ESFs perform under postulated severe core damage and core melt-oown accident conditions?

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REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3/10&11/81

==

Conclusion:==

The effectiveness and performance of the different ESFs varied for different accident sequences.

For the most part, the ESFs were effective for iodine control whether it was elemental iodine or cesium iodide.

M. Silberberg described the peer review plans for the technical report..

There w'll be independent reviewers (e.g., university people not involved

~

in writing the report); DOE lab reviewers; industry reviewers (e.g.,

EPRI, AIF, etc.);- foreign reviewers from Canada, England, France, Japan, and Sweden; Federal Agency reviewers from DOE, EPA, and NBS; and other l

reviewers from the NSOC, Union of Concerned Scientists, NRDC, etc.

A l

peer review group meeting is to be held in Washingon, DC on March 17 and 18, 1981.

R. Sherry of the NRC Staff described the major conclusions of Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the draft technical report.

Some of the conclusions dis-cussed were:

Chapter 4 - Fission Product Release From the Fuel Experimental evidence of iodine chemical form in fuel rods is inconclusive.

Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations indicate the predominant form of iodine should be cesium iodide.

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REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3/10811/81~

- Releases offiodine and cesium from the fuel will approach the total inventory and' therefore will be in agreement with the Reactor Safety Study assumptions.

However, the predicted re-

leases for other. fission products were'significantly higher in

-the NRC technical report than in the Reactor Safety Study.

Chapter-5~~- Iodine and Cesium Chemistry-Gas Phase Chemistry Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations indicate that three, iodine species are dominant (I, Csi, and HI).

1 dominates in oxidizing.

2 envi ronments.

Csl dominates.in reducing atmospheres and at lower temperatures.

- The' major cesium species are Cs0H, CsI, and Cs.

.Te0.is the only significant tellurium species in the gas phase.

2

-Aqueous Chemistry Iodine in aqueous solutions at equilibrium will exist predominantly as:I' and 10

  • 3 Partition coefficients for aqueous iodine at equilibrium will;be 5

at least 10,

Nonequilibrium partition coefficients for I2 should fall within 2

5

.the range of 10 to 10,

If iodine exists initialiy as Cst, the partition coefficients will be-much Iarger.

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REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3/10811/81 The best estimate for fractional' conversion of I2 to methyl iodide (CH 1) is less than 0.1%.

3 Chapter 6 - Fission Product Transport-Through the Primary System is predicted for

_Little. primary system attenuation for 12 sequences where the system is " dry."

If the flow path contacts water, the removal of 1 from the gas phase should be substantial.

2

' Cesium iodide attenuation in the primary sy tem is high for accident sequences not involving full core melt.

hewever, for full core' melt. accidents, the attenuation ranges from 0%

to 80%.

Cesium iodide should be favored near the core because of the highly reducing conditions and high concentrations.

- Cesium iodide stability in the primary system piping is favored because of lower temperatures.

Chapter 7 - Fission Product Transport Th.ough the Containment

- The overall attenuation of iodine in containment will not be dram'atically different for cesium iodide than for elemental iodine.

The attenuation of iodine was predicted to be approximately 50% for the most severe LWR accident sequences.

Additional attenuation resulting from steam condensation on aerosols will be 20% or less.

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. 3/10811/81 REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 5

An attenuation factor'of greater than 10 is expected for severe core damage accident without containment failure-or. loss of containment engineered. safeguards.

R. Sherry discussed some of the report limitations.

He concluded that the.overall findings of the report would not be' drastically changed if the limitations were incorporated into the ' findings.

Some of the limi-tations discussed were:

A new' set of quantitative source terms for fission product release totheenvirdnmentwasnotdetermined.

In some cases, only a cursory examination of the chemical behavior of individual fission product species other than iodine and cesium has been made.

Only a limited set of accident sequences was analyzed.

Several potentially important mechanisms were not es Guated in detail (e.g., effect of hydrogen deflagration in containment).

Past reactor accidents and destructive tests were not analyzed in detail.

- Systematic analysis of fission product transport behavior from the fuel to the environment was not possible because of time limitations.

' REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS-3/10&11/81 PRESENTATIONS ON INDIVIDUAL CHAPTERS OF TECHNICAL REPORT BY NATIONAL LABORATORY AUTHORS R. Denning of Battelle-Columbus discussed the accident sequences used in preparing the report.

R. Wichner of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (0RNL) discussed, in detail, the fuel-fission. product release part of the study.

T. Kress of ORNL discussed, in detail, the aerosol sources and transport mechanisms for 'iel melt accidents.

R. Elrich and R'. Sallach of Sandia discussed, in detail, the vapor phase chemistry part of the study.

J. Bell of ORNL discussed the aqueous iodine chemistry part of the study.

M. Kuhlman of Battelle-Columbus presented the report assumptions and findings on fission product transport from the primary system to and within containment.

J. Gieseke of Battelle-Columbus presented the study details on fission product transport through containment.

NRC STAFF DISCUSSION OF CHAPTER 8 - ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES EFFECTIVENES W. Pasedag of the NRC Staff discussed the ESF effectiveness finding of the He concluded that changing the source term would not significantly report.

affect containment sprays, suppression pools, or ice condenser performance.

However, the effectiveness of secondary containments, auxiliary building filters, and MSIV leak collection systems may be reduced for different source terms.

REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

- 9',

3/10811/81 SUMMARIZATION OF TECHNICAL REPORT On March 11, 1981, M. Silberberg and R. Sherry summarized the discussion of. March 10th and discussed some of the data needs and areas of additional research' identified in the report.

M. Bender questioned the fact that several computer models are being used to determine the ultimate release of the fission products and each model has a large uncertainty. Therefore, the' result of calculating an answer that has uncertainty stacked on uncertainty may make the result useless.

He suggested that some other way than complicated computer models be used to make such estimates.

M. Steindler questioned the need for additional information in certain He suggested that the uncertainty and the need for more information areas.

be based on the sensitivity of that particular parameter to the final result.

The sensitivity analysis of the risk assessment should determine what is important and what is not important.

M. Bender suggested that consideration be given to the effect of radionuclide decay on the transport mechanisms since the decay generates heat and changes the chemical form.

PERSONAL VIEWS OF F. MYNATT FROM ORNL F. Mynatt of ORNL briefly presented his view that too much attention is being paid to the full core melt accidents when it is much more likely that a TMI-type accident will occur.

c REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3/10&11/81 NRC STAFF PRESENTATION ON REGULATORY IMPACT OF NUCLEAR REACTOR ACCIDENT SOURCE TERM ASSUMPTIONS W. Pasedag of the NRC Staff 'di'icussed the preliminary draft report,

" Regulatory Impact of Nuclear Reactor Accident Source Term Assumptions "

prepared by the NRC Staff and one consultant. He indicated that the report has not been approved by NRC management and that it, therefore, represents only the views of the four authors.

Also, no outside review is planned-for this report except for the review by the ACRS.

The report was not intended to conclude what the accident source term should be, but only what the effects of changing the source term could be on

.the NRC regulations.

Some conclusions of the regulatory impacts report are:

Cesium iodide should be included in accident evaluations.

2 and methyl iodide (CH 1) cannot be dismissed as potential 1

3 airborne source terms for some accident sequences.

Most current ESFs are reasonably effective for Csl and aerosol source terms.

The use of a single radionuclide as a " Yardstick" for accident evaluations should be avoided in future regulations.

. A spectrum of accidents should be considered in future regula'tions.

R. Blond of the NRC Staff discussed the accident sequence portion of the regulatory impacts report. He concluded that there is no significant difference between the WASH-1400 consequence conclusions and the results of the NRC report.

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, 3/10&11/81 b) '

- REACTOR RAD 10 LOGICAL EFFECTS ACRS FELLOW PRESENTATION PATHJAYS FOR THE RELEASE OF FI REAGIUK ACCIDENI5 W. Bock, ACRS Fellow, discussed his draft report, " Pathways for the Release of Fission Products During Reactor Accidents." His report was prepared based'on a request by M. Bender, ACRS Member, and its purpose was to outline possible fission product release paths.

SUBCOMMITTEE DISCUSSION The meeting then went into an open but unrecorded session for discus-F S meeting on sion of possible comments to be presented at the 251st The Consultants and Subcommittee Members discussed March 12-14, 1981.

comments and D. Moeller prepared a draft letter based, on the comments, for use of the full ACRS in preparing a formal report for submission to the NRC Chairman.

The meeting was adjourned at approximately 5:00 p.m.

For additional details, a complete transcript of the meeting is avail-able in the NRC Public Document Room,1717 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20S55 NOTE:

or from Alderson Reporters, 300 7th St., SW, Washington, DC, (202) 554-2345.

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,g TENTATIVE SCHEDULE ACRS SUBCOMMITTEE MEETING ON REACTOR RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS MARCH 10-11,1981, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Tuesday, March 10 8:30 a.m.

Opening Statement by Subcommittee Chairman D. Moeller NRC Staff Introduction of 50TRI Report 8:45 a.m.

C. Kelber (RES)

Overview of Summary)and Conclusion of 50TRI 9:00 a.m.

M. Silberberg (RES Accident Sequences (50TRI) - Battelle Columbus 9:45 a.m.

BREAK 10:45 a.m.

Fission Product Releases from Fuel (S0TRI) -

11:00 a.m.

Oak Ridge LUNCH 12:15 p.m.

Chemistry of I and C l (50TRI) - Sandia/0ak Ridge 1:15 p.m.

s BREAK 2:15 p.m.

FissionProductTransport(SPTRI)-BattelleColumbus 2:50 p.m.

Effect of Accident Loads on ESFs (SOTRI) - NRR 4:00 p.m.

4:45 p.m.

Summary of SOTRI - M. Silberberg (RES) 5:15 p.m.

ADJOURN Wednesday, March 11 8:30 a.m.

Opening Statement by Subcommittee Chainnan D. Moeller Impacts of Accident Source Term Consideration 8:45 a.m.

W. Houston (NRR)

BREAK 10:00 a.m.

Subcomittee Discussion of 50TRI and NRR Reports 10:15 a.m.

LUNCH 12:00 p.m.

Continued Subcomittee Discussion of SOTRI & NRR Reports 1:00 p.m.

and Preparation of Recomendations for Full Committee Consideration 5:00 p.m.

ADJOURN b

,ATTAcitqENT D

.~

10 & 11, 1981 ACRS Suubcomittee Meeting on Reference Documents for the March 1

Reactor Radiological Effects:

Young to Moeller phmo, " Status Report for the February 5,1981 Subconsnittee Meeting on Reactor Radiological Effects", dated 1.

January 23, 1981. Attachments:

Tentative SchedubStratton, Malinaushas. Campbeli letter to NRC Cha a.

l b.

dated 8/14/80.

McKinley to Moeller memo dated 9/23/80.11/19/80.

Bessette to ACRS Members memo dated c.

12/21/80, NSOC to President Carter letter dated d.

Ahearne to Mark memo dated 1/14/81.

e.

f.

Ahearne to Mark Memo, " Iodine Release", dated 1/14/81.

2.

Attachments:

Minogue to Ahearne Memo, " State of Technology Report on 12/22/80.

Fission Product fodine", datedDraft Paper, " State of Techno a.

b.

Objective, Outline,etc. Isotope Contribution to Risk.11/18/80.

Requirements, 11/18/80, Briefing Charts:

Basis of Current Regulator c.

13 e,11/18/80.

d.

Briefing Charts: March 28,1979 Releases of X

Briefing Charts:

12/16/80(0akRidge),

12/16/80 (0ak Riose) e.

Definitions, Iodine Chemistry in Containment Building," Iodine Release During f.

Paper:

Paper:

h.

Ahearne to Commissioners memo, Letter from Stratton/Malinauskas/ Campbell to g.

)

dated 9/5/80.

Attachment:

11/10/80.

Attachment:

Ahearne dated 8/14/80.

febroski to NRC Comissioners letter dated l

(1) NSAC/14 -- Workshop on Iodine Releases 1.

t havior Following Degraded Core Accidents.

J. EPRI -- Realistic Estimates of the Consequences of Nucle The Role of Aerosol Behavior in LWR-Core-M 11/18/80.

NRC Briefing, k.

11/18/80.

TMI, Stratton, Los Alamos Scientific Lab.M Nov. 16-21, 1980.

t 1.

Briefing Paper:

i Briefing Paper:

m.

11/18/80. Campbell (Dak Ridge Lab.), Chemistry of Fission Product Iodino, l

l Briefing Paper:

Von Hippel to Comissioners meno, "The NRC Decision-Ma n.

Product bdine, 11/18/80.

11/18/80.

cerning Thyroid Protection Policy", datedWhy We Need a Thyr o.

Voq Hipple paper:

Nuclear Reactor Accidents: The Value of p.

Beyta/ Von Hipple article:

Improved Containment, Draft, June 1980.The NRC and thyroid prote q.

Von Hipple article:after another (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, r.

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+

l Information Report (SECY-80-504) Denton 'to Commissioners. Iodine s.

Release During Reactor Accidents, 11/13/80.

Attachment:

The Need Starr (EPRI) to Hendrie letter dated 9/2/80.

for Realistic Estimates of the Consequences of Nuclear Accidents by t.

M. Levenson and F. Rahn.

Battist to Roberts Memo, " Meeting with Drs. Stratton, Malinauskas, 10/22/80.

and Campbell on Iodine Release in Accidents", dated u.

10-22-80.

Copy of slides by Malinauskas/ Campbell at meeting on Attachments:

Bernero to Dr. Ivan Wall (EPRI) letter dated 8/14/80.

v.

Several papers and Denning (Battelle) to Bernero letter dated 8/5/80.

4 w.

Malinauskas, Stratton, and Campbell letter to Ahearne dated 8/14/80.

Draft papers on review of events during which fuel was x.

Attachment:

Murley to Denton memo, "Research on Fission Product Release from High damaged.

2.

Temperature LWR Fuel", dated 8/29/80.

Attachment:

Preprint of an Malinauskas to Stampelos letter da'ed 1/6/81. article, "The Chemic 3.

Reactor Accidents".

Young to Moeller memo, " Status Report for the March 10 & 11,1981 ACRS 4.

Subcommittee meeting on Reactor Radiological Effects", dated February 20, 1981.

NUREG-0772 (Draft), " Technical Bases for Estiraating Fission Product Behavior 5.

During LWR Accidents", dated March 6,1981.

6.

NUREG-0771 (Draft), " Regulatory Impact of Nuclear Reactor Accident Source Term Assumptions", dated March 1981.

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Advisory Committee on Anetor (Desyt No. 50-247]

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Safeguard, Subcommittee on Reactor Consolidated Edison Company of Nort Radiological Effectc; Meeting York.Inc.;lasuance of Amendment to Consotidated Edison C.,mp:ny of New d

York. Inc.; issuanco cf Amend'nent to i

g 1

, %e ACRS SubcommittacMi the Facility Operating Ucense FacmtWpaWg mense i

Rentor R&d ological Effects will hold a The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 1

meeting at 8:33 a.m. on March 10-11.

Commission (the Commission)has ne U.S. Nuclear Ecgulstory 1931 in room 7G2.171711 Strcet. NW*

issued Amendment No. 06 to Facility Commission (the Commission) has 5'

Washingten. DC. The Subcoramittee will Operating License No.DPR-26, issued to issued Amendment No. 07 to Facility continue its review of the NRC the Consolidated Edison Company of Operating 1.lcense N2. DPR-26. Issued to

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reevalution of the radiofo;;ical source New York. Inc. (the licensee), which the Consolidated Edison Company of I

term to be used in accid:nt analvses.

revised Technical Specifications for New York. Inc. (the licensee). which l

In accordance with the procecfures operation of the Ind;an Point huclect revised Techalcal Specif. cations for i.

outlined in the Fet'eral Re;,ister on Generating Unit No. 2 (the facility) operation of the Indian Point Nuclear i

October 7.19t'0 (45 FR 60535). oral or located in Buchanan,Westchester Genercting Unit No. :(the facility)

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l written statements may be presented by County, New York.The amendment is located in Buchanan.Werichester i

members of the public. recordings will effective as of the date ofissuance.

County. Nr.w York.The amendment 's 1

4 be permitted only during those portions The amendment incorporates changes effective as of the date ofissuance.

I of the meeting wan a trar. script in being to the Technical Specifications to The amendment revises the reactor kept, and quertions mey be asked cnly accommodate operation with low vessel sun elllence specimen removal f

by members of the Subcommittee,its parasitic fuel.

program in the Technical Spxificutions.

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The applicetion for the amendment The application for the amendment I

omake rals$ ate e t sho ld rot IYcomplies with the standards and comphes with the stand:rds crd the Designated Federal Employce as far requirements of the Atomic Energ3 Act requirements of the Atomic Energy Act in advance as practicable so that of 1954, as amended (the Act). and the of1954, as amended (the Act). and the de Commission's rules and regulations.The Comrcisslun's rules sr.d regulations.The Commission has made a$propriatefindings a e r cessa'I n e durinE t i, Commission has made a propriate i

i o lo l

meeting for such statenents.

findings as required by t e Act and the The entire meet:ng will be open t.

Commission's rules and regulations in to Commission's rules and regulations in to

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CFR Chapter 1 which are set forth in tha CFR Chapter 1, which are set forth in the

1 e a en a or ubject meeting shall license amendment. Prior pubhc notico license amendment. Prior public notice g ** g,gIO**

of this amendment was not required of this emendment was not required l

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7besday and Wednesday. March m-n.

since the amendment does not involve a since the amendment does not involve a significant hazards consideration.

significant hazards com.ideration.

I The Commission has determined that The Commission has determined th t 1961 8.30 a.m. until the conclusion of business the is uance of this amendment willnot the issuance of this emendment win not each day result in any significant environmental result in any s!snificant environmental During the initial portion of the impact and that pursuant to 10 CFR 51.5 impact and that purscant to to CFR meeting. the Subcommittee, along with (d)(4) en environmentalimpact 51.5(d)(4) en environmental irrpact any of its censultants who may be statement or negative declar,ition and statement or negative declaration and present will exchange preliminary environmentalimpact approint need environmental impact apprnisal necJ views regarding matters ta be not be prepared in connection with not be prepared in connection with 1

considered during the balance of the issuance of this amendment.

Issuance of this amendment.

meeting.

For further details with respect to this k - 'urther details with respect to tle.

The Subcommittee will then hear action, see (1) the application for action see (1) the application for presentations by and hold discussions amer.dment dated May 21,1980 (2) amendment dated February 3.1931. l?)

whh repteventatives of the NRC Staff.

Amendment No. 00 to 1.icense No. DPR-Amendment No. 67 to l.icense No. lH'l:-

their consul:1ntn nnd otherinterested

26. and (3) the Commiw!nn's related
26. and (3) the Commiwlon's rela!"!

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persons regar ling this review.

Safety Evaluation. Allof these items are Safety Evaluation. All of these itema a"*

Furtl.cr information regarding topics availabic for public impection at the avuitable fur public inspection at th -

i to be distuned. whether the meeting Commission's Public Document Room.

Commission's Pubile Document Room.

has been enncelled or rescheduled, the 171711 Street. N.W., Washingten. D.C 171711 Street. N.W., Washinetmi.1%

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Chairman's tuling nn requests for the and at the White Plains Public I.ibrary, and at the White Plains Public labiam opportunity to present oral statements 100 Martine Avenue. White Plains. New 100 Martine Avenue. White PlainA Nr" I

and the tirac ullutted ll.ertfur can be Tud. A copy of items (2) und l3) may bc York. A copy ofitems (2) and (J) ne '

t the i

obtained by a prepaid telephone call to obtained upon requer.t addressed to the obtained upon request addressed IJ P00RBRB W

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