ML19321B205

Supplemental Response to NRC Interrogatories.Witnesses Listed & Specific Incidents at Facility Cited

ML19321B205
Person / Time
Site:	La Crosse File:Dairyland Power Cooperative icon.png
Issue date:	07/17/1980
From:	Morse A, Nygaard G AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED
To:	Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
Shared Package
ML19321B204	List: ML19321B203 ML19321B205 ML19321B206 ML19321B207 ML19321B209 ML19321B210 ML19321B211
References
NUDOCS 8007280659
Download: ML19321B205 (25)

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In the Matter of

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1.

Intervenors intend to present the follo. ting individuals as witnesses in support of their contentions A.

a. Ernest Sternglass y.. s.ancy creenan nenber of DPC, Hagar City,: 4I

c. Russell 3entley nanager of 'clindfree, Oregon, MI, sales and instal'.ation of wind machines

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writer, Tu"tle Lake, WI

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Intervenors have made no such independent calculations.

and can not speak to those that' cay be used by others.

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To answe" this Tlastion intervenors n'lst C0fe" DaCh to the u',s r

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Part 50.

Also, le were assured in the Draf t Environnental 3:atenant

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o ALARA s'andard which takes in % consideration the site technical specifications.

Yet sone undeniable violations of ALARA have occurred a 4_

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..o In this answer we take reference to an accident that occurred at

" A,5"iR during Cycle h, and was nade public in an t.CRS hearing of Can, jfC7YOb

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1978, not more than 3-4 months prior to intervenors' original uetition in this FTOL proceeding.

The accident to which we refer is perhaps the best example of our understanding of the ineffectiveness of App. I restrictions, and how we reached the conclusion that App. I can and no doubt is often violated by LAC 3WR.

It is intervenors' understanding that ALARA can by no means be correlated to an operating condition that could ever be termed " safe" in an absolute sense, but rather relates to the capability of each reactor on an individual basis, as outlined in their tech. specs.

And during Cycle 4, in the year 1979, LAC 3NR was operating under an administrative limit, or what they construed to be a tech. spec. of 1,000 curies per day, which effectively meant both stack r' leases and off-gas.

This exceedingly high limit was set in 1973 after Cycle 2,

': hen LAC 3N? staff coauitted never to exceed what at that time was felt to be an acceptable fuel condition.

The 1,000 curies per day was established not as a protection for the public, but as an indicator of fus1 condition'.1 And quite rightly so, for if the NRC had been primarily concerned with the safety of the public, this unbelievable level of radioactive releases would never have been tolerated, and the niant would have been shut down inmediately.

In the opinion of the intervenors, the operation of LAC 3WR with such levels of off-gas is a clear violation of the ALARA guidelines, which require that radiation exposures be kept "as low as reasonably achievable".

Yet is is clear that LA03NR personnel knowi6c1r used' less ecuinnent than thev were canable of using at that time.

Dairyland had had a hold-up system on-site for years that they had been bynassing which when hooked up for Cycle $ reduced the curies out the stack by

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e a_ m..,.w p. o. -... _ _ o.n n The cost of effectively utilizing the gas storage tanks supplied with the original system was negligible in comparison to the great reduction in releases to the public, and as such constituted non-compliance with the ALARA principles outlined in App. I of part 50.

Intervenors' assertion that App. I was violated by this accident is corroborated by those within the Nuclear Regulatory Conmission as well.

According to Mr. Lake 3arrett, Division of Operating Reactors, 1

"when all is said and done, it is correct that Ancendix I might be core limiting than the 1,000 curie per day adamnistrative limit".3 Moreover, responsible individuals within Dairyland were unaware of these critical considerations of Appendix I.4 D?O was thus able to operate LAC 3VR in clear violation of ALARA for many: months, yet no mention was ever made of this fact in the FES.

The-dangerous and reckless act of pocr judgement on the part of LA03WR personnel to complete Cycle 4 before shutting down for an analysis of the problem was of no major concern to the LAC 3%R safety review com-mittee.

Operation was continued on the justification that they had never had gross fuel failure before, and certainly did not expect it

-,ae.. 5 And in this instance, what has been termed the wors; acciden; in the history of EUR's was allowed to continue at our local reactor for nonths en end, because ALARA, as a regulatory guideline, has no t~eeth.

On this basis.it becones logical for members of the public to conclude that ALARA and concomitant tech. specs. really provide no assurance of the safe cueration'of LAC 3WR, and thus are totally inadequate as urotective'or safeguard measures for the public.

All parties concerned adnit : hat they have no idea as to the calculation exposure of the

-y-nearest inhabitant to the plant with an off-gas and stack release rate of 1,000 curies per day.

Dose calculations depend on the meteorological assunptions used, and neither the industry nor the NRC had yet ddfined those models or assumptions.

Acccrding to ?/.r. 3arrett, however, estimates have ranged anywhere fron several -illirads to 100 millirads, depending upon meteorological conditi:ns; :And,10.millirads for a grmma. air. dose wouldtcorrespond..to 5!millirens whole; bod?.'uA; figure:of!10 millirads per year-is close to the Appendix.I limitations.~ -The ' actual rel4ases. may 'well-have.beehe-some ten zines.. The_ Appendix I; guidelines.o The shock, anger and dismay of local residents with regards to this accident are feelings not easily forgotten or assuaged.

Actions on - the part of both LAC 3WR personnel and the NRC such as we have out-lined here leave little if any room for trust on the part of the public for this industry and the agency that regulstes it.

For these reasons trite assertions in ooth the DES and the FES Inat _..,.--s.s is an corpliance wit.a c.ppendix I, wl..a no re:erence to said violation, will no longer suffice.

If ALARA guidelines have proven-ineffeb;ive in the past, why should we believe that such operating guidelines will be any more effective today cr tomorrow.

The burden of proof lies heavily with the NRC.

3 Intervenors ascribe to the linear theory of radiation effects, and contend that any increase in exposure results in increases in physical damage to the human body.

Since any dose to individuals is

harmful, hen calculated doses are unnecesr y to prove harm to humans.

In support of our contention we submit cita; ions 7-25, all of which are critical studies relating both to dose calculations to workers and the public and the health effects of low-level radiation, certain levels of ethich are deemed acceptable under current KRC regulations.

CRZC believes that the dose calculations used by the URC staff do not accurately reflect real doses received by the public from off-gas emissions.

For example, in the FES off-site doses are calculated assuming a flat terrain.

In light of this and the fact that the terrain surrounding LA03'l3 is anything but flat, the dose calculations for the general ;ublic'are necessarily hopelessly inaccurate.

Intervenors also contest the accuracy of off-site calculations on the grounds that dose calculations represent a 30 yr. dose commitnent

.thich w:uld be received by the population during only one year of exposure.

le realice only too well that those living around LAC 3WR do not stay in the area for one year's dose and then leave.

I.iany spend their entire life near the plant.

Therefore, any calculations that do n:: con 3ider doses over years are completely misleading and

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inaccurate.

If dose commitments were correctly calculated over the nany years of exposure, it is clear that such commitments would far exceed limitations set forth in 10 CFR Part 30, Appendix I.

ntervenors assert that at the present time LAC 3UR is in violation of restrictions set forth in 10 CFR Part 20 with regards to exposures to the public because estimations of the radiological doses to repre-senta;ive individuals in the surrounding area are not:in'the"FES, and n:s; espacially dose calculations for those in he worst receptor area.of the plume, those receiving maximum exposure.

3ee again referen:e '0 and 11 for a reasonable discussion of this issue.

3re:ver, an assertion that' LAC 3WR is in compliance with 10 CFR

1 4-1 Part 20 bec0nes quite unacceptable when one considers that population dose:connitnents are calculated without extending to several half-lives or '100 years beyond the period of release, and that there is no attempt nade to :onsider either quantitatively or generically'.the "orld-wide inpacts.

Clearly, the total environnental impact is not being fully considered.

Since the NRC staff itself admits that they can not possi~ gly nake such calculations, and knows of no one who could do so,20 to insist that such doses are within established limits is aisleading and simply inaccurate.

It is the position of the intervenors that residents in the area surrounding LACIJR are receiving doses in excess of the 25 nrens whole be allowed nenbers of the general public, according to 60 CFR Part 190, the EPA's Environnental Radiation Frctection Standards for Nuclear Power Operations. as the result of exuosures to ulanned discharees of O

radioactive naterials to the general environnent fron uraniun fuel cycle operations and radiation from these operations.

Intervenors have no dose calculations for worst case public exposures as such.

However, this is in part due to the absence of both URO and JPC calculations in this respect.

Intervenors have engaged the services of Dr. Ernest Sternglass in an a Tempt to make these calculations.

He will provide further testimony on tha issue of radiation exu.osure and'.its effect uoon hunans.

E.

The number of individuals affected by LACF3R's enissions and the degree to which they are affected varies, primarily according to ceteorological conditions and releases.

In that this irea is both a tourist and dairy area, the numbers of individuals affected may be f

inpossible to estinate.

Suffice it to say, we believe that far larger nunbers of people are affected than those to which the NRC cares to adnit.

'Jith the assistance of our witness, Dr. 5ternglass, at such time as an evidentiary hearing stage is reached, we intend to further and more fully address the issue.

At this tine we are still in the process of gathering infornation.

3 In that LAC 3JR is located in an agricultural area along a

.ajor river, this question nay also be inpossible c3 answer.

Je do feel that the dose calculations arrived at by the NEC staff are unacceptably small,-and the "eidelberg report will support this position.

Dr. Sternglass will testify on this report as well.

I 6.

In answering this question intervenors should point out

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21intenance (routine and non-routine),

The basis for this assumption is that off-gas releases find pathways to hunans Through stack releases, filter and resin bed changes and other maintenance procedures.

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.a precise and that the effects of such exposures are far more harnful than the NRC at this point will acknowledge.

It is with 1 great deal of confusion and concern tha 0R20 i

Laddresses the entire issue of worker exposure.

Jhat exactly are the : exposure limits which the NRC considers acceptable for nuclear E

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t' workers?

On the one: hand. Robert Minogue, HRC Director of Standards Development and Karl.Goller, then NRC Director of Siting, Health an'd e

Safeguards have been quoted as stating that " workers cust ba informed that no radiation is good radiation, there is ne threshold dose, and workers must be told the truth.

Specialized workers will have to determine their individual choice."27 i

And on the other hand the Northeast Utilities booklet which is distributed to thei" workers states that "n danger exists as long as workers are not exposed above NRC limits".2 At this point we must ask, how are nuclear workers able to make any accurate evaluation of l

occupational risks ahd -"de~terhine 'their individhil choices" on the l

. basis of patent lies of this sort?

That the NRC is no better in terms of honesty and consistency is established clearly in the Draft Regulatory Guide and Value/ Impact Statenent of May 1980.

On thelissue of risk.from Occupational Radiation. Exposure this official document states that " genetic effects have not been observed in any of the studies of exposed humans".29 4

Not only does such an assertion absolutely negate rpr6vious' statements by Minogue and Gcller, but it shows that what the NRC says and does are two entirely different realities.

To add further to this confusion, as though the foregoing facts

" tere not stiffiCient t'o' bring' doubt to the ainds of the many, it has only recently becone a natter of public record that the NRC, while publicly maintaining again and again that the maxicun pernissible dose for ' nuclear workers is 3 rens/cuarter, for a taxinun of 12 rems /

year, actually allowq0. rkers to legally receive an extra 5 rems wo a year internal dose <

Thus, a nuclear worker's naxinum permissible occupational ex70sure is really 17 rems a vear,

-N " in excess of the claims of the NRC in all official corresnondence we have encountered in our readings of 12 rats a. year? Onlyin. March of this yeir did Willian'Dircks,. Acting Exechtive~ Dire'etor for,Cperatichs fihally stipulate that present 10 CFR Part 20- does not preclude combined internal and external doses to workers, thereby conceding that I

workers could legally receive a maxinun of 17 rems /yr.31 Are we to assume that this disparity was due to a sinn.ie over-

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sight on the part of the NRC, or was it a deliberate attempt to keep fron tha public facts which. hen generally understood, will lead'us to tha inevitable concihsion that the risks associated with nuclear nower are far too creat for the benefits it provides for both individua'ls and 4,

and-the population as a whole.

The NRC's paraissable occupational expcsure limit is some c?C times the 25 nillirens whole body allowed i

the general _ public under ZFA regulations, as set forth in ho CFR 190.

Cns night understandably inquire then as to how regulators can maintain that_ nuclear-poser exposes the public to only a minute level of radiation compared to natural radiation, with the knowledge of the 17 ren/yr. calculation.

This apparent contradiction _is resolved by i

the'deternination that " personnel"' are not lerally considered part of the oublic.

3y definition, "any person inside the boundary of the 1

- plant is no longer _a nenber of the population".J' This preposterous

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l 1: gal detsrmination is both convenient and absolutely essential to the continued existence of the donestic nuclear power industry.

Vith the aforene'ntioned facts in?. hind,.which eMposure limitsfor workers _does the N3C intend to use in the FI'L proceedings?

As one can: imagine,Ethe answer takes a great deal of difference to those of e

.us :ancerned with specific limits rather than nebulous and subjective f

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real doses, as provided by the 533 staff in its FES.

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exposures will be ALARA, without providinx what we consider a sufficient o

discu.ssion of assunptions and requirements for compliance.

No doubt this avoidance is necessitated by the fact that there are no real and specific requirements for compliance.

However, if ALARA is to have any meaning to those mrst affected by the operation of LA037.*R, then a public discussion of.LARA,-its assumptions and the requirements for compliance is not only. absolutely e'ssential, but~terely fair to those who care enough to inquire.

3.'ith specif'c regard to worker exposure, and-the industry's ability to monitor such exposures, intervenors submit HUREG-OR-1304,>,

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d{

Neutron radiation is not being routinely neasured.

On the natter of' neutron exposure at commercial power reactors, Glen Zimmer, Occupational Health Standards 3 ranch, Director, Office of Standards Develonment statad that workers are receivine neutron exposures-heretofore unknovn.3D~ In another meno on'the same subject Zinner states that " worker exposures are larger than those that are currently.being calculated due to inadequacies on neutron ceasurement techniques, and insufficient knowledge of the field.. "eutron exposure can. not be nessured by NTA film, and may well be significant to the total exposure of workers."J7 A further reference on the issue of inadequate employee conitoring techniques is a. meno from E. G. Case, Director of Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation.

This meno presents findings of a study on the effectiveness of neutron dosimeters which concluded that since NTA film is not sensitive to neutrons bqlow about 7 M27, dose equivalents can thus be g,rossly undersensitive. d A final study relevant to the issue of worker exposures sh6ws -a rapid and inevitable rate at which exposures increase as plants age.

This article fron "uclear Engineering presents evidence that would seen to contradict staff assertions that applicant's conmitment to design features and operatine uractices can and will ensure that a

occupational radiation doses can and will be maintained within the limics of 10 CF3 Part 20 and that plant doses will be in conpliance with ALARA.39 Clearly, on the basis of all of the above-mentioned information it is inpossible for the staff to state with any acceptable degree of m q _ _.- m...e a "o *,,.. 7ub'_ic arm # + o %e...,~ r >..e " s + h....a c u _"< $ o~

- k.o,.

ol r 1 9.n".

1 a j_.

m employee exposures cocply with restrictions set forth in 10 CFR 20.

And indeed, the burden of proof is on the staff to prove compliance.

7, 3 0 ?.

In support of contention 3 we have relied entirely on the Another."other Fund for Peace study, "ow Radioactive is Your 3..,Ce_ p.c, e-s3 m u. w s _4, s..,

2 _v

. u. _ c- - ;.L,

_4,

z ao x

m

" i.,_3. 9

. e _.e.n, c

_ne j

o v

u.

._u-

_n g.s.c n. - a.n.3-

.coam sm=av_ono j

s s

.e.y e h. a.,_n1 2 u,_

. c_ :_ a_ c_. u.. _. -.,n.u.

s s A... m..,,_ v _; o n

n o

rerardin-: this contention.~

s It is intervenor's understanding that formalin is used in DFC's nonitoring-procedures which have the effect af tasking iodine levels and thus invalidating nilk sanples in which it is used.

l Also, while DFC may or may not have committed to a change in its

-l T.onitoring program, until such time as the new program is in effect,

-deficiencies oflthe progran as it exists at present must be discussed and analy ed.

ntervenors intend to-have Jeffrey Littlejohn,~ researcher 4for a v _i d a..n'v _i a_m1..a _o _" 4..r o n ^.."._' e r o "._i ^ ^ " i.n.3 "o"m c' y".

h c

.hi e.~..'*r,-

+ a.- M. _ ".". _a ^ a n.

^._o

'0.

Intervenors do not possess the needed expertise to properly explain'the mechanisns for fly ash, radionuclide synergism.

However, our radiation. expert, Dr. Sternglass believes very strongly that adequate evidence exists to support this contention.

Dr. Stern-lass 3

will address this issue at such tine as he is allowed to do so.

o,_1,. w i. e.,

c _i t a^. i o n..s_

w. h _i a k.., if e u _.,. 4

+w.

o w

r u

_n

. _ o.... y n.

,r c_

_v

?

8-investigated, will provide staff and applicant with further information

' reg. some of the individuals who have investigated this potentiality.

ci-n3, 12 Answered in first response.

13

'S ame ih.

See above-cited studies.

15 Copy of Most article was provided at June prehearing conferenec 16.

Intervenors maintain that costly retrofits at LAC 37.'R will be necessary based on NUREG-0578.

since intervenors last filing it has become nore apparent that DpC may have sone difficulty complying with many of the Category 3 requirements.

DpC has expressed difficulty in complying with 2.1 3.b(1), 2.1.4.b, 2.1 5.A, 2.1.8.A(a) and (3) of these requirenents.

If Dairyland is not able to avoid compliance with all of these reconnendations, then certain very cpptly(in both human and economic terns) retrofits will be necessar'r.44 onins.ac; was quoted in t,e

_.-_..R,s e,ana. -auperin.enden

,lc.< -..

n e

n u u

u. v v a m

= g. at. tw o. s, r o. m.._ c # 4 -

o k,,_ % pl, _; C.s. r.. n r.. t,s s,

a

, c, v-

.2.

m

_4 -. 2 2,.. _; u3 c

v..

A_o v

s uo c

su us aw g

out of business.3],]pC has since said they plan to close LAC 3UR

..e 1990 in a possible attempt to avoid Z."I-2 retrofit costs.

Intervenors

... s. a. _i.a. m

. a.r. 3 u e

'. o o b '_ '_ _' n. _ _i " =. t '.^. ' "..d >. a v"..d_ a. d,r a. c'

..h_ir k/- '_ o +. c..e.d _i.,r

+

r a

3_. m a

e e.~ _i d _ a_ a_

.i ".. =,.

_a e..,.,, m/.

~.o u =.,. e,.n:C c _'"..c a _' ' a. d

. _4..

s. w ;,. y. o n., 3.... _, a.e..

v o

...o '. r.o ^. _i _' i a. d o ' c u b s a. c u a. n +.

.q. a. a '. _4 "..~ o~.

~

.^~a _- " a_ o " ~o

r. e _" a u

Intervenors have also contended since the August 1978 prehearin,e that the 33p program would cause costly retrofits to be required at

• LAC 3'tiR.

Since that time an Crder to Show Cause has been issued as a result of the deternination by the Office of "RR that LAC 3WR's continued operation was dan 0rerous due to a notential for lic.uef action.#,3

t the time of this writing it is intervenor's belief that a dewaterin a

s" ster. is nianned as a solution to the licuefaction eroblen.

~

.nowever, sne e r is by no neans completed, v.sv contends ;..nat other caterories. covered will ultimately require the need for nore retrofits.

Another issue that is at the reconnendation stage is that v r-,4,.,c_ ~ _..

a

-w. + r a.o _.. a mm;,

r

-n

__e s.

un_o__r p mo_e is _.e e :., n. oc_sa e..a. _

-,pm.e_a-e-

3

_ 2_

.s.

w - __

- _ _ -. /, 1sou..c/

_~

u _

voeo e a.r n_

e.-

e.., s c _ m, n u _4,

- n... o _e 4 & c

_4 - - e _, v _4 o m.

22

: - e_, _, _... u,

< e,_ o - - w a_ _ _i a v a.

".k.."'.

.no _i r_ r,ua.

^' _ _o c ^. e. i e '. ~ " a '_ a'o iv a.

+

._a c s o.

r.-,~R n s e)_,

_1,._eu:

n,m~,. -,as

-n.u-

. o - v o - _.,:...

.. -, _, -, o _ l _. s.

v

_c oz. v _, s c

o. y u. u..

.. v _

.in the past, is under to'do more at presec.t,'and in all likelihood w'll-r a. "v_ o N_ _ t.s i_n "o..a.

" u. u_" a..

.'. e _n

's'a. - c_ ^a ^.

w k

a w s. w_ w.. _4 m_ a d.o _o

.m..o _ o.

...=_ i o r_

e 1

f thev will be costiv-in the areas of both economics and worker exrosures.'

17 See documents cited in answer to question 16.

1 9

.13.

CREC's position is that two major reasons for anticipating future e:: tended downtine exists a)

Frevious operating history demonstrated that this plant is ver.v suscentib,le to maJ'or a_roblems that have reo.uired najor and lengthy maintenance.f.-LAC 3iiR will-nore than likely experience even more lengthy downtine in the future due to the plant's age and poor parts availability.

b) an increase in retrofit downtime as the HRC's tradition of industry accomodation gives way to a more stringent regulation policy.

One example of'this regulatory trend that nay soon be upon us is expressed in the TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Force Final Report.

-Under this exanple, a proposed backfit would not need to provide substantial additional protection (as currently inferred); anything required for safety would be sufficient.

Similarly, a d; cision to backfit would naturally precipitate the need tc backfi' alLrnu~c1'earJ'a-

~

plants, since it was required for safety, without agonici.ng over value inpact studies cr case-by-case u,eternina aons.w9 19 Explained in previous question.

20.

CR3C felt strongly that the $300,000 to 31,000,000 fuel pool reracking retrafit should not have-been undertaken without the benefit of.a ??OL and an evidentiary hearing on the cost / benefit.

.lthough the ASL3 did order a cost / benefit hearing last fall the scope w:s linited 'y the time frame that was considered.

In essence, the ratepayers of EPC's service area were forced to accept another huge retrofit expense merely on the grounds that operating LAC 3NR Is nore-beneficial than a two year cold shutdown.

The question is now moot 21.

Intervenors still maintain that !!RC staff is in error in the 723~assunp; ions.

Uraniun is probably the most critically scarce fuel' resource when-conpired with th2 cost of other fuels.

As uraniun becomes more scarce the price will rise accordingly, a fact tha; :i20 staff has obviously chosen to ignore.

In fact, prices quin-tupled;fron 1973 - 1978 according to the Ryan Report on Nuclear power uoe

. 0

.o That' sane-report cited studies that proved conservation and solar energy much'nore cost effective than nuclear energy.

Cne study by Suffolk County,-5y found that solar energy and conservation would-produce-three times more ener,y'than nuclear per dollar spent.?a 5

The staff's FESLdid not address conservation or solar energy as alternatives to LAC 3UR. 30th alternatives will consume no fuel and

- 2., u _4 _-..

T_ _4.

• 1... 2_ _2... a. r. 2.,.n. 2 a.n.n a-

.4...y-, a_.m a. n". a. d, e..d

.h.us c e

.".oe n a_ _e ".1 ",

_ w Es.affected by economic conditions.

Consideration of these two l'ternatives-to LA03WR would radically affect any-honest cost / benefit o w-

.v-.:, a.

-...-,s_

In' conclusion, intervenors feel that fuel'and maintenance costs

10 -

should te listed on a yearly basis to support staff's fuel cost assumations.

It is unclear to CREC whether or not the RRC is still usins a spent fuel credit in their fuel cost forcula.0'2 CREC feels 9 hat these statistics would factually demonstrate the errors in staff's fuel and 0 & i.i assunptions in Table 8-1 of the TES.

LAC 3NR's unio.ue fuel and plant design indicate higher than. average fuel and maintenance costs..Far exanole, LAC 3WR's fuel requires a higher enrichment.

22.

As indicated in CREC's first submittal intervenors had no particular method of decommissioning in mind with reference to Conten-tion 19 We believe that there is a lack of relevant information a"d experience with which to predict costs of any tethod of decommis-s _ o n.._i n.. e.

3 H0 wever, there are certain facts,that CREC believes must be taken into account that may have a negative effect on LAC 3WR's cost benefit

.Oa.ance.

x a)

Disnantlement within 7 years of shutdown may be preferable from a purely economic standpoint.

b)

Storage or entombnent nay become a core preferable cption as decommi.ssioning costs rise, and from a radiation ex_oosure stanc.uolnt.

2 c)

The lonrer LAC 3WR operates the creater the exposures 3

to enployees involved in any phase or nethod of decommissioning.

a. i 2 >^ o.' + '.*w.

a

c. o "_ a.

w..i.l _l

" a.

_l o s t n. o r =. '. a." w.h.a. n D r" r s

closes

..--.a.

u..u m Assuning that LAC 3WR would operate in the black for the remainder of its lifetime (whic is ver Ea ~ _4 _ c. A...

.s,r s_c.7c,),,h,2e,a e

.~y unlikel.v, esn.ecially with of cost of a

u s we-a. v o _i d _i.n.^.o a

da 2

- c o..... s o.i n.".. _4..

a. s +^ " o w

~

7

_r..a,. %. o - two 3.

e s +..>.

. m__,

.r e o n. on,o.m.; c

_.o.. r.. : v: o

a. r c-m.ra m.a n o.

.. a ea.

a y

. a e_

impacts vould be.

However, the environmental impacts of decommissionine would then be greater because of increased radiation levels due to a

' 2 ". + o" s = "- ^ h.'., ^ "ud. bu i ' c un,, f "- " "a. a.." 9, " un7...a.n. '. c o.".'. '. _' ".a 'v i o,n, and o ^..". = ' o.* >_ ^ c.*. d e ". 's.

2,'.

In;ervenor's contend that DPC could cave the equivalent

a..,. s..- r. y : =. ~ a. -,.. a u ~

_r : "s.:.~. ;.o.

a..n..e, a_ e.n.,: _t,

e,.

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,e

.. daca.n..'v"ol.i~oed r a..a. r. c' M_ a.

e.s " " n a a ot e, n =,.,.

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c. y s. *w _4 o.n. %. 2_ +.

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f.

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. M. _ _ a w _i '.q 3 % =_ = p. a g a.

2 )'

on-1 e i n. e 'o r _4 e. _,1_

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_4 -

u,. ma w _i _l l

-w o.y

s. o. n. _

d.a _a l l o. r + k.an

.A

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3 m.e-e-p.r *),t s. a _4. n e.

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...o

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-a 4

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r. o.".c,. a ".. ^ *, ^ 7 ?.o' b..a ~ a. "y _ a.

l f

o

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s a -

n

e. v. n. = e n = 2.. n..A., ' a n.a 2

- -. o.n.o

. u c..q a. o.

• k.. a. ge n d

.f o.r

.T..*. a :s Y.:

e.

o n

-a

.gow.k.s. _r o.

n.a n w

.. = _

_a

<,. e s. a..,,,

n_ _a

>a m, n o n ~. a..n _as.

r

. o

.e n..m.. a. c. ~. u. n u n.. e.

.c... 3_.4,. _ n n

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3..._ _: __

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' 0,

• u' '..' _i c' o.. : _' n." + ' _l _i 'o _i a. -

n s

u ~

a a

A o

s.1 o

Advance Flan.55 According to the ESR3 Forecast compiled for the Wisc.

e...s

_; n. n... _ y ; m a c o. a is s _i c".

_'o."

's.k.a. ",.e.as 10,7 9, -

^7

.=."-..a" pao > t o.

"ne e

~_

m..

Western 'J:ilities, including all of the D?C systen, will vary on the a.. :

;. e o...,.,c. ' f. -,. - u. c__s.

-_w s.,,,. - :oa e.o.

%u.

1.3

.2

_s.

, v _; c..,.

_ o yi o_c.,

v.

s.

tith a base rate of 2,h;1.

' linter peak will vary on the hig.h side from

, per year growt.n to 1. s

a per year on th-1:w side, with the base rate bein.s 2.91.

Insofar as annual. energy requirements are concerned,

e. v -.:,cv

.3 o.<a s _ _ _. _c. s,

.,,me.c-..

va.

e 2. C.u o.

_c

t Another inpor'. ant source of information in the area of electrical demand is testinony pres 3nted before the '.iis. PS) in the same advance olan c.roceed,inc.s by the 'ilisc. Division of State Enerer, Dept. of Admin-s

.istration.50 In this testimon: energy requirenents for the agricul-tural sector of 'he state is forecasted at a constant demand of.1%

th"u 1935 and a singular decline thereafter despite the increased 1_ m..

1_ m e n_

_;cm,_..-2, o".'.nu'v.

S n a c _i ' i c a _l _' ', M a...o r.d.

_1 2 s a. a n. a s e-f declining larely due to-increased efficiency in the use of electricity thre utilization of cost-effective efficiency inprovenents.

These inprovements include the rapid market penetration cf milk house hear exchangers and a gradual shift to naturally ventilated

- a 5...i.n e, k a ".r. s ' o " =_".. _'. = '.' n. a " '. a.." _i n,:.=."..d.*... l>.. in e,

"..o " e a ' " i c _i a..n 'v li..

.e and high efficiency notors, pumps and fans.

In general Dept.of State ~ Energy-figdres show demand rates for ".iest. ' disc during 1978-90 j

of 2.6 for both su.'.ner and winter peaks.

DPO's excessive demand projections are highly dependent an the assunption that naw ru"al residential housing starts will continue at i.he rates experienced in recent years.

however, intervenors believe that risinr..ris

7. rices and a renuine housine slu=o, precipitated by a

.he ever more seva-a aconomic recession we are ex?eriencing nationwide e

3.,. 3.,..i a.

." _ie."a. s ' nd

m. o, e c _i ' l l ' r na.w $.o"

_i.n ~ a ^v ar 'u s ),

( e s.. --

_4,. o,

-e-u

--a o

s w

w _; _, _, w a_y a_

2

.c _3.. _ # 4 ~2.n. '. a. "". c ". o n d a. a.n.d.

e.,"-

=,

a_.nd.~.~..u s '. na. c a s e ' " i.l y

'i "a

be t2%en into account if such calculations are to be at all.tecurate.

DFO's own projections for the years 1933 - 90 place demind figures at E.6j, recently revised down from a rate of 3 7% of 2 years ago.57 7he years 1983-1990 are used here because D?O will have an e ne r _r ra +surn. lus thr.ouzh 1982 due to the comin on line of the John P.

o

.. <,- e : a...

c, 11_;+,

sc

a e..

m That this projection is clearly excessive can be realised for the reason that wind generation was not figured in at all, 11though In;eres z_n winu in :nis region is verv nigh anc. wind generators y

e are being installed despite tactics employed by DFC to discourage such 1 practice.

i.dditionally, while wood-burning was factored in 2

a a:+

- c e..+. i o a.a..,,

a x +L e r,+u,

.n.)a. V,

o..n.l,y, C.,.. _4 u. {; - p..e +.

+ o c o...o.

c. 2 1.,

C

.w v

w n o'.'"'. 5 9

a. v ' e.n'w t'na'v i *o _I " ocCa""#"3 e a 'v

_ c a. 'w w -. A_.In

'v o

• .k.r.

n-o a

~

y. 3_.a o

_u

.4s

".o.- a. o. 2. ".

's"

'.w..a. v=.a

'c,79 n.o

a. x c a.

_i a...

a. d n_..

2

^,un 1_

r a. +1 c '.. ion a

.n

=..._n4 o,.

2 :..-

.._ w _4 a a. b a_o _i s.' O vog1_, e 3:. ', nn =- =_ " v :

a w.ve tnio m

u.

.-m=_eo.

_.3 g a.._e_.

4

.3 c n. a'.-". o "- ' 11_3*.r.i_i ' m w. i.n. a. ", _i'. "a_ _fl e c '~= ". a rv a.

.d e

2 m

A.

- A. n. '

M_O T..%.M.d p. o j A. c% 'o ; o.c.

% o.31.*,_1.F o.A.

• b..O. _8.

~

..s a final note, DPC is notorious for releasing different demand an in

_;v._;u<

,lo-a-s:_ss,..,n.

+o: mes.

=. o.

,3 n,to.c a

a x

a;::a-u s

v o

- -. - a..~.

-. v o

is~.0 m

- exanple, when :t;expting to sell the need for a new gener1 ting plant a: Alma sons two n3nths ago, in an ad which is enclosed, DP0 predicts i

,.o..r,

" o."

"v h e n. a x '. 1 ',

v a,. e -.

' h..a - cl a. a"l'/

o.c.

e..... e.

c..,_

q.- ov. e.g. - e_ s.n 2

-- o o

e,..._. - e_s. :

- e.:s....

s.o"s k..=_ s u e a d _4 - c'uh.a"

_i..- ^u _ n ^ e c.

=

a.m u

_'s ei".w"a.="1 ". i n..o "- " #- _ _i e "..'.

i.

.-.r 1 - _.

w ',.

,-'o

-"or"'-

". n. c o.ns e "v ' 'u _ o n.

.,.. :,, "m. o..., _;..

.... a,.,

_4.,e c co.._:ve m.,._;,-

,un

.n.. o_t.e s a

a..r."m _i na.

Ae... a_.. ~.g a m 2,

e..4 e

..s u

m.

and extensive connit=ent, both monetarily and psychologically to such 1

0-

,a.

-u a-3-

3 hen DFC addressed the issue of conservation, its primary sub-ctantive exam,Vles of commitment. include t.he load canarement',nrocran a

y

.4 x......=. a. n c. - ev a u _i '.

".a.'.

,cco-d_i.ne '. o 2 Y2..

""=' c _l a. w '." _i n. c o p

- s_

sa

..--s c

_ Association de'atherization survey of 7/isc. coops for the year 197.90 of which J?O coops comprise the vast majority, an average of only 11

,-a

~

hone audits were made by staff members per system.

Also, only 34.6%

'either sold or installed weatherization materials.

During 1979 an average of only h1 members per system utilized the weatherization/

service programs, and projections for 1980 average on 100 per system.

Regarding the matter of weatherization_ loans, only 35 2% of the systems even offered such a program in 1979, with an average of 1.1 1:ans made to members per system.

And, it has been stated that the same systems expect to make an average of 2.8 loans in 1980.

Che.

average e-mount of loans per system in 1979 was $770.00.

Cl.:.rly, it can be stated that there has not been even a minimal or passing commitment to a weatherisation program in the DPC system in 1979

.The depth of commitment is brought out all too clearly in D?C's 0 veneral..anager a repor, w.ere mere Alp servace.;s paid o t.

n w

ne

-f:

e i

concept.

Conservation is explained as primarily a concern for a reduction. in foreign oil use, and its significance to D?C is disclaimed l

because DF0 uses very little oil to generate electricity.62 DF0 often points to the purchase of a truckload of water heater insulators as evidence of their commitment to conservation, yet in reality there have been verv few installed.

According to Larry Thorson of D?3, " sales of these insulators have been very slow and Thepeoplejustdon'tseemtobetunedin,gespitethefactthatuse etc." 3 Obviously, this fact "as been encouraged in bill stuffers, "tould indicate to-anyone that there is a great need for a more aggressive conservation program commitment if it is to be effective.

So far as the option of time-of -use rates are concerned, D?C has already deternined that they are impractical and Kneffective as a nethod of conservation and have acted accordingly.64 ew are in use

?

aven when installed.

As supporting documentation for this contention regarding the inadequacy of D?C's censervation program, CREC submits Te?timony of Randy Freeman, member of DPC, before the House Agrictl-

ure 00mmittee's Subcommittee on Conservation and Credit.65As an entert "titness "r.

Fraaman will testify op his statement arl those 66 and David Enphaelo7, both cf Rucal America.

OI David L.

Ostendorf Te also enclose copies of this testimony.

In direct centravention of testimony presented by Mr. Feld in 5:1ff's.".otion for Summary Disposition, intervencra insist that while menber coops do not.g'$ructure for wholesale energy sales, their

!?

has a flat rate Intervenors contend that the member rate structure is a major determinant in electrical demand.

And, we 2elieve 370 has both the right and responsibility to ensure that The distribution coops maintain a flat rate structure for their

..., 3,.,. a.

intervenors contend that the existence o' cervice

'.oreover, charges preclude flat rate structures.

Cost of service principles are no conservation principles, and as such are a disincentive.

'hile such charges may be common throughout the industry, the servies charges of D?C's member coops are higher ;han standard practice.

TVA's for example is $2.00~per month.

e

23..

-Intervencrs will use both testimony already referred to ani Randy Freeman as a witness-to make projections as to the amount

-hat can -be saved by alternatives not considered reasonable by both

?; and the NRC staff in their projections.

25.

Interven rs subnit that DPC plans fer meeting future energy denand are grossly inadecuate and do, if fact, promote electrical use.

Cairyland is prototing the use of electricity by entry sover the next several years into a new r.arket area; home space heating.

According to D?C's 1979 load nanasenent study the company intends to add 57,000 new residential users to the system by 1990.

Most of the usage is targeted for here space heating with plectricity in conjunction with the con any's load managenent system.'7 This entrv in'o a new electrical market re. resents a policy decision which actively must promote energy space heating with electricity in order to ensure its success.

Affidavits can be sub-

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coordinating construction of passive solar-heated structures in'the new: downtown loldierss Grove, and by other solar heating experts which c2n substantiate the contention that insulated passive solan-heated commercial and residential buildings offer the nost appropriate application for solar power in the region, and is viewed by these experts as the most cost effective application of direct solar energy

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'oull trama'e intrusion into this marketplace represents a decision o

90 t,rcaste conservation in t.2ditional " peak" areas of consumption e inc to =nc ourage c onsunption in " load, nanageable" areas -df use, altho :

the end product is a threefold increase in the total amount of energy consu..ei in the systen by the year 2000.

" Utilization of gasseous fuels t.Y direct combustion... will decrease and that the percent of energy utilized in the form of electricity will increase."70

Also,

".* e, in the systen, are putting much effort into load management...

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..-a According to D?O Seneral Manager Frank Linder "DPC encourages ir.stalla ion of rezidential heating systems which us electricity most of the time".Y4 Clearly, this is prototion of electrical use iy Jairylani.

See also " Lines Across the Land" for a discussion of the

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ntervenars submit the enclosed ad from 3?C's 1979 Annual

-.eport and a rec +nt ad relating to power censumption as ample evidence

a surn. ort our charre of t.ronotion of electricity.

.:n addition to these pronotional ads JPC has utilized a method of reverse psychology to legitimice and encourage continued uncontrolled:

'.as characterized those who promote conservation as censun;; ion.-

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One of the.Ost notable observations that can be made about 3?C

's that their managenent is deeply entrenched in the past, and as such in".ibits the developnent of alternative energy generation systen-wide, which if1 allowed ta flourish would' reduce electrical demand sufficiently o..

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that all forms of alternative energy sources be encourage 476 3FC has d:ne its best_ 'o1uake such use of alternatives difficult, if not

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JUL 211980

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..._e Dairyland Power Ocoperati.ve

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Docket No. 30 h09 (la0rosse Soiling.later F.eactor) gg f4)n1W.SPCNDENCF

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would be wi.lling to testify to the infornation.

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Anne '$...' ors e'

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Jabscriced and sworn to before

.e this day of July, 1930.

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L Foun'ation, Inc., 1979) LAND, 3363 Cak Ave. Stevens Pt. ?lI C..., 7 ".. C c. R :,.D..r -amo D 4..< o n,. n e r.; -.t.R

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. Land Educational Associates Foundation, Inc., 1979. A sunnary c, a m o r.,. lo n o f. ~...,...Dc.,0 u, _u.,S v

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April 27, 1979 10.

FrsrJ-:e, Kruger, Steinhin er.Schwab, van de Sand and "..,eufel, 4

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60.

Teport of M nera.1 Vanager, p. 6.

61.

'discon., sin Rural., Electric Coop Association ETIR3Y CONSE?,7ATION._

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Talephone call, :.~ ors e to Thorson, July 16, 1980.

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65 Castinony.of Randy Freeman before the Subco.mittee on Conservation

& Credi:, Agriculture Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, I: arch 19, 1980.

j 66.

Statenant of David Ostendorf before Subcornittea on Conservation &

Oredit, Conmittee on Agriculture, U.S. House'of~ Rep., 3-19-80 1

67 Statenant of David Raphael, Executive Direc 3r, Rural.i.nerica, before the Subcomnittee on Rural Developnent, Connittee on j

Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, U.S. Senate, Jov. 30, 1979 63.

1979 7ernan Electric Annual Report, rates fron service.

60 Dairyland Fo 1er Coopera+,ive LCAD b1ANAC-2.32 S"U3Y, Oct. 1979 70.

b -o.1 "i.r.esota News, Vol. 32, No. 6, June 193, p.2.

71.

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'.ANAC.ERS REFORT.

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