ML19319D370
| ML19319D370 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 06/30/1972 |
| From: | FLORIDA POWER CORP. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8003160205 | |
| Download: ML19319D370 (85) | |
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Power C O RPO A AT t0N TO: RECIPIENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT Florida Power Corporation is pleased to present to you its Quarterly Environmental Status Report covering the period January-June, 1972. As with the last Status Report, this issue represents a 6-month period, rather than a single quarter. We hope that the next Report will get us back on our regular schedule.
Included, is discussion and technical information regarding environmental work at the Crystal River Nuclear Plant site, and the Anclote Plant site during the January-June semester and a brief description of the supporting and associated activities during that same period.
We trust that this report will continue to be useful in supplementing your understanding of our environmental efforts, and we encourage you to contact us should you.have any questions concerning the scope or direction of these activities.
U J. T. Rodgers Asst. Vice President General Office 3201 Thirty-fourin street soutn. P.O. Box 14042, St Petersburg. Fionda 33733 e 813-866-5151
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GENERAL A. Environmental Affairs B. Licensing and Regulatory Affairs C. Nuclear Affairs 11 SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) til BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER)
IV MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RlVER)
V PRE OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER)
A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services B. University cf Florida Department of Environmental Engineering VI CHLORINATION STUDY (CRYSTAL RIVER)
Vil ZOOPLANKTON SURVEY Vill BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (WEEDON ISLAND, TAMPA BAY)
IX ANCLOTE ESTUARINE E00 LOGY STUDY 11 X
APPENDICES 14 A. University of South Florida Tnermal Discharge Plume Report 20
- 8. University of Florida Chlorination Study 32 C. University of Florida Radiological Reports 52 D. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Reports 62 E. Pinellas County Health Department Radiation Surveillance Reports 66 F. University of South Florida EnvironmentalInvestigation at the Anclote Power Plant Site 72 G. Candeub, Fleissig and Associates, Water Oriented Activities at Crystal River 82 H. Florida Power Corporation, Environmental Research and Electric Power Generation
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1 QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT l
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l GENERAL
- 3. Providing supplementary information
[ The publication of this issue of the Environ-for the evaluation of environmental im-pact of Crystal River Unit 3 as requested mental Status Report incorporates the environ-by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; mental activities of Florida Power Corporation and from January to June,1972. As with the last 4.
Coordinating research efforts. In this Report, a six month period is included, rather regard, three new programs were initi-than two separate quarters, due to a scarcity ated during this report period.
of time. It is hoped that the next issue will find a.
" Evaluation of the Marine Ecosys-the Report back on a Quarterly schedule.
tem Developing Within, and Adja-The following is a summarization of the cent to, the Thermal Plume of the Company's supporting and associated activities Power Gereration Units at Crystal from January 1,1972 to June 30,1972. This River, Florida." Center for Aquatic work has been contributed to by many in the Sciences, University of Florida.
Company, and has been coordinated as a prin-b.
"A Supplementary Zooplankton cipal responsibility of the Generation Environ-Survey at the Crystal River Plant mental and Regulatory Affairs Department.
Site." Department of Zoology, Uni-versity of Florida.
A. Environmental Affairs c.
"The Benthic Invertebrate Com-The Company has found it essential to provide munity Adjacent to Weedon Island, a basis for meaningful environmental considera-Tampa Bay, Florida." Marine Sci-tion in the engineering, construction, and li-ence Institute, University of South censing of all new generating facilities and Florida. (This is a supplemental major modifications to existing plants. This effort to the Anclote research.)
involves identifying power plant environment interactions; evaluating the significance of A brief explanation of the individual program these interactions, and providing an understand-objectives is included in Sections lit, Vil and ing which can be used to aid the balancing of Vill respectively, environmental concerns within the decision-In April, Kenneth W. Prest, Jr. presented a making process of plant engineering and con-paper entitled " Environmental Research and struction. The coordinated development of en-Electric Power Generation" at the Thirtt sixth vironmental research is a principal tool in Annual Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sci-meeting these objectives.
ences Symposium " Biological Effects of Elec-During the past six months, the following tric Power Generation." The text of this presen-items were ]hlights relating directly to the tation is reproduced in Appendix H of this issue.
l Crystal River and Anclote projects:
On May 5,1972, the Fourth Semi. Annual
- 1. Finalizing the Anclote Environmental Review of Environmental Research Programs Report to be submitted to the U.S.
was held at Crystal River, Florida. Among those Army Corps of Engineers; present were representatives of: the Environ-
. 2. Preparing a summary of expected water mental Protection Agency, National Marine quality values in the Anclote Anchorage Fisheries Service, the Florida Depart..
.-t of after the Anclote Plant becomes opera-Pollution Control, the Florida Game and Fresh tional. (The report was presented to the Water Fish Commission, the Florida Department State of Florida, Board of Trustees of of Natural Resources. Tampa Electric Company, the internal improvement Trust Fund U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Citrus County to aid in its evaluation of the Florida Commission and the Department of the Interior's Power application for dredging intake Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Florida l
and discharge canals at the Anclote site.)
Power's on going and proposed research pro-l
6 grams were summarized by the researchers.
organizations as a result of this work together.
This discussion was followed by an extensive During June, an archeological survey of the question and answer period. Highlights of the Crystal River Plant site was begun under the conference included a discussion of the "Struc-direction of Florida Department of State and tural Organization of the Thermal Effects Studies supervision of Mr. L. Ross Morrell, State Arche-at Crystal River presented by Florida Power ologist and Chief, Bureau of Historic Sites and Corporation, and a discussion of the recently Properties. All artifacts recovered will become initiated research program at Crystal River, the property of the State of Florida, titled an " Evaluation of the Marine Ecosystem During April to June,1972, Candeub, Developing Within, and Adjacent to the Thermal Fleissig and Associates completed an in depth Plume of the Power Generation Units at Crystal survey of Crystal River Units 1 and 2 plant River, Florida," presented by Drs. H.T. Odum operation on marine recreational and commer-and S. Snedaker of the University of Florida.
cial activities. Direct relationships, if existant, were not observed and the report concluded B. Licensing and Regulatory Affairs that there were no detrimental effects but that Provision of an effective nterface between fishing had been enhanced in the vicinity of Florida Power Corporation and the local, state, the plant. (See Appendix G).
and Federal environmental licensing and regula-tory agencies is mandatory. Included in such C. Nuclear Affairs activity are the application for generation proj.
Coordination between Florida Power Corpora-ect environmental licenses and permits, pro-tion and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) vision of environmental surveillance to assure on matters concerning nuclear safety and the compliance with provisos of those permits and environmental impact of FPC's nuclear facili-licenses, and staying abreast of applicable en-ties has been extensive. This function is neces-vironmental legislation and their requirements.
sary, in order to properly present to the AEC, The only permit received during the last information they require for their safety analy-semester relating to the Crystal River and ses and environmental reviews of nuclear Anclote projects was:
generating plant. In fulfilling this function over Anclote intake and Discharge Canal Dredg-the last six months, two major tasks were ing-received from Board of Trustees of the performed:
Internal improvement Fund in June,1972, after 1.
In its continuing review of the Crystal the project was approved by the Board of Com.
River Unit 3 nuclear project, the AEC missioners of Pasco County and the Florida made several requests for additional in-Department of Pollution Control. We feel par.
formation concerning the Final Safety ticularly proud of this, for approval of this Analysis Report. Company response is application was preceded by the resolution nearly complete at this time.
.of all concerns of significance by the Company
- 2. A fourth vnlume of the CR3 Environ-and the local conservation organization-Sun-mental Report was added as a supple-coast Active Volunteers for Ecology (SAVE). The ment in response to AEC requests for University of South Florida Anclote research further information on the environmen-and some special modeling work by Dr. B.E.
tal impact of CR3.
Ross of the University of South Florida provided the facts.
As a final note, Dr. M.J. Ohanian, Chairman of Mr. Bill Crown and his SAVE organization the Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences by their responsible concern and conduct have at the University of Florida joined the Company helped us make the Anclote project a better for a temporary stay until September 15. He is one in the name of the environment and the involved with nuclear and environmental efforts people. We and SAVE have become better within the Company.
7 3{i SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM all environmental cause and effect relationshim (CRYSTAL RIVER) occurring during the operation of Unit 3. ene g ] Acquisition of meteorological data continues as supplementary faunal entrapment study should clarify the significance of thu impact of the a requirement of the research prograras at the intake screens and aid in a more accurate evalu-site as well as for use by the Atomic Energy ation within a benefit / cost perspective.
Commission in the licensing of the Crystal River Nuclear Unit 3. Wind data recovery for both 35 MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM and 150 foot levels has exceeded 90% during this period.
The University of South Florida, Marine Science Florida Power Corporation was recently Institute has continued to document and ana-privileged to assist the U.S. Army Corps of lyze the thermal plume characteristics at Crystal Engineers in documenting the effects of Hurri-River. Incorporated in Appendix A is the prog-cane Agnes by providing meteorological data ress report which covers the time period January collected during the period of the hurricane.
to June,1972. This work has proven invaluable The additional use of the meteorological data to us in being able to predict thermal plumes certainly enhances the significance of the (in size and degree) for alternative cooling
- program, systems and additional generating units at Crys-tal River. Essentially all of this work has been
[ l(BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM directly used in the licensing process.
3 CRYSTAL RIVER) i1 PRE-OPERATIONAL A study entitled " Evaluation of the Marine RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY Ecosystem Developing Within, and Adjacent to, the Thermal Plume of the Power Generation A. Florida Department of Health and Units at Crystal River, Florida" was initiated Rehabilitative Services in May of this year under the direction of the The Daartment of Health and Rehabilitative Center for Aquatic Sciences of the University Services is continuing to document the back-of Florida.
ground radioactivity around the Crystal River The purpose of this program is to define, site. Analysis and comparison of radiological as soon as possible, the actuallimits of thermal data results are presented in Appendix D. Effec-stress that have been imposed by the existing tive July 1,1972, changes will be made in the Units 1 and 2 in order to provide a basis (before analytical scheme-specific isotopic analysis the fact) for evaluating the magnitude and sig-will be substituted, where possible, fo gross nificance of the additionally imposed stress of radioactive analysis. A listing of the sampling Unit 3. Supplementary to this is a study to and analytical scheme changes is included in quantitatively describe entrapment of marine the Appendix.
fauna on the intake screens by species during diurnal, tidal and seasonal cycles.
B. University of Florida, Department of The research program was developed in Environmental Engineering support of the commitment made by Florida The Department of Environmental Engineering's Power Corporation in its Crystal River Unit 3 progress report, attached as Appendix C, re-Environmental Report Docket No. 50 302. Pre-flects several minor adjustments that have been liminary conclusions will be made after one year made in the computer program during the past of data cr"ection and analysis. As a supple-semester. All sample data from Fall 1970, mentary ;.:tivity, this information will be utilized through Summer 1971, have been resubmitted in the research and development of a system and are now presented in the summary tables modM uhich will be applied to predict the over-in Appendix C. Statistical analysis of trends can
8 be attempted from these corrected data in the area of Units 1 and 2 as a means of evaluating future.
the entrainrr,cnt potential of these organisms.
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i i ; 4 CHLORINATION STUDY The results of this study will be used to evaluate j
l the impact of plant operation (Units 1,2 and 3)
' The University of Florida. Department of Envi-on commercially important fin and shellfish ronmental Engineering continued its study of populations in the area as a result of the expo-chlorination during the period. The report, in-sure of the larval forms of these organisms to cluded in Appendix B, represents the final two passage through the condenser tubes. It is felt studies of the one year evaluation. The findings that one year of data collection and analysis of these studies did not produce any unexpected will provide sufficient information to evaluate results (with the exception of the decrease in the potential impact of plant operation, bacteria from Stations 1 to 2 during the chlori-nation run of January). A final report summar I Jf BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM izing the year't, results and showing the generai I (WEEDON ISLAND, TAMPA BAY) trends which were observed to occur from l
Station 1 to 6 will be published in the next A survey of the benthic marine environment issue. The final summary is expected to be adjacent to the discharge channel of the P.L.
particularly significant since it will represent Bartow Plant on Weedon Island, Tampa Bay, the results of a comprehensive study which has was initiated by Florida Power Corporation in been closely coordinated with the operation of June of this year. The study is being carried the chlorination system.
out by the Marine Science Institute of the Uni-Having fulfilled its objectives, as required versity of South Florida in direct support of the by the Florida Department of Pollution Control Anclote research effort. The principal objectives proviso for operation of the chlorination system of the program are: 1) to document the condi-for Units 1 and 2. the study will be terminated tions of the benthos adjacent to an operational until one year prior to the startup of Crystal plant similar to that under construction at An-River Unit 3.
clote in order that better preoperational esti-k mates of impact may be made and 2) to provide W
baseline data prior to an increase in oil deliveries M)
ZOOPLANKTON SURVEY E
due to use of pipeline delivery of fuel to the A supplementary zooplankton survey was initi-Anclote Plant. (For a brief explanation of the ated in June of this year and will be carried out decision to use fuel oil delivery by pipeline to by the Department of Zoology, University of the Anclote Plant, please refer to pages 5 and Florida. The investigation was developed in 6 of the Environmental Status Report for July-support of the commitment by Florida Power December,1971.) Final results of this survey Corporation in its Crystal River Unit 3 Environ-are expected in May,1974, just prior to the mental Report (Docket No. 50 302) to the start up of Anclote Unit 1.
Atomic Energy Commission. The objectives of j
the survey are to:
ANCLOTE ESTUARINE ECOLOGY STUDY l
l A. Determine the presence of major food chain The Marine Science Institute of the University species and the planktonic forms of commer-of South Florida is continuing its study of the cially important finfish and shellfish in the area Anclote estuary and adjacent Gulf of Mexico in adjacent to the Crystal River plant site.
order to provide Florida Power Corporation with a complete ecological characterization of an B. Qualitatively and quantitatively assess the estuarine area adjacent to a newly created occurrence of these organisms within the intake power plant site.
9 The Progret Report is attached as Appen-A. Concurrentwith the requirement fordredging dix G, and summarizes the information con-of the cooling water intake and discharge tained in the USF MSI Annual Anclote Environ-canals, particular emphasis will be placed on rtental Report to be published shortly.
documenting baseline conditions and monitor-The results to date of this work have been ing biological changes attendant with the dredg-invaluable to the Company's licensing efforts ing operation. This will allow responsible inter-relating to the Anclote project. The work has pretation of the changes and enhance long term enabled governmental, conservation and Com-predictive capability of the response of biologi-pany deliberations on several key questions on cal systems to dredging activities.
environmental impact to be resolved in quick fashion.
B. Research efforts will also be concentrated A new contract has bcen signed fer 1572-on those areas and biological systems which 1973. Tbs program has evolved since 1970 may be expected to be influenced by the ther-from a beginning effort of general documenta-mal plume. Baseline studies will continue and tio: : ihe area to more specific goals, selected monitoring techniques developed which should to oetermine the impact of construction, dredg-effectively document the biological changes ing, thermal disch* ie. These are:
influenced by plant cooling water discharge.
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4 NO.006 AN INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE AT CRYSTAL RIVER University of SWh F! rida Marine Science institute Principal Investigator Dr. Kendall L Carder Research Associate Ronald H. Klausewitz Graduate Assistant Steve L Palmer Technician Mack S. Barber by Authors K.L Carder and R.H. Klausewitz l
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15 ERRATA canal, partially due to the phase lag expected with respect to loading. There seems to be some The title page (rige 12) of the July December, resemblance between the tidal and temperature 1971 issue of me Environmental Status Report trends, with second offer effects such as net should have contained a list of co authors as incoming radiation, evaporation, and eddy for-follows:
mation adding to the confusion. Picking a real-T. Pyle, R. Klausewitz, and K. Carder.
istic phase lag between plant loading and the Please make these additions to your own copies temperature record is not obvious from the data of this report.
presented. More sophisticated time series an-alysis techniques will be used in the future to assess the relative effects of each of the afore-mentioned parameters on the temperrNre record from each buoy.
It is apparent that the parametric interrela-tionships are complict.3d, and the relative sig-nificance of each varies with position. The tem-
SUMMARY
perature record from Figure 2 exemplifies the difficulties one would confront if he attempted Most of the work during the first half of 1972 to calibrate a thermal dispersion model without has been involved with obtaining data for model a quasi continuous monitoring of environmental verification, and generating programs to syste-conditions for time averaging purposes. The matically reduce data from the ECl thermistor apparent eddy effects were best demonstrated buoys. As will be shown later, the correct inter-at 0200 hours0.00231 days <br />0.0556 hours <br />3.306878e-4 weeks <br />7.61e-5 months <br /> on December 23, where tempera-pretation of this data depends not only upon ture fluctuated by as much as 4*F in less than plant loading and the state of the tides, but one hour. This illustrates the need for smooth-upon solar radiation, atmospheric temperature ing techniques in model calibration. Also, this and humidity, barometric pressure, and wind data indicates that some " hot or cold spots" speed. These final five parameters should be caused by warm or cold water eddies will un-added to the buoy system during the next six doubtedly occur in the discharge basin and will months.
represent aromalies which cannot be predicted by the model.
THERMISTOR BUOY DATA The model will be able to predict the tem-peratures represented by a smoothed version Temperature data are recorded hourly at four of this curve. The perturbations can be added depths from the thermistor buoys locsted in the to the model later in the form of a temperature discharge canal. To attempt to assess the effects variance empirically derived from the buoy data of p; ant loading and tidal components upon the at various locations. Patchiness of this sort dist:ibution of temperature in the discharge results from the incomplete mixing of thermal basin, data from buoys located at the beginning plume water with discharge basin water. TI ese and end of the discharge canal were compared perturbations are expected to be greatest r. ear with plant loading and tidal height measure-or downstream from zones of high shear (e.g.,
ments for the period 21-26 December,1971.
oyster bars, spoil banks, etc.), and the termina-These comparisons are shown in Figures 1 and tion of the discharge canal is a good example
- 2. In Figure 1 there is a clear record of the of such a location.
effects of plant loading on the temperature record near the outfall with tidal height playing MODELING RESULTS a secondary role. In Figure 2 the picture is not nearly as clear for the buoy at the end of the The thermal dispersion model has been run and
16 predictions of plume size made for Units 3 and FUTURE OBJECTIVES 4, as well as some alternative designs. These predictions are contained in Volume 4 of the A new environmental data station is being added Crystal River Unit 3 Applicants' Environmental to the thermistor buoy system at Crystal River, Report, Operating License Stage (Florida Power designed to provide hourly data on air tempera-Corporation. May,1972). They included the ture and humidity, wind velocity, tidal height, following plant configurations:
and atmospheric pressure. This station should
- 1. Units 1, 2, and 3 at +15'F rise be functional by September and be producing
- 2. Units 1, 2 and 3 at +11*F rise data vital for model calibration. This data will
- 3. Units 1, 2, and 3 at +5'F rise literally inundate our group without automatic They were made assuming 96% relative humid-data processing. One of our key efforts for the ity, 90*F air temperature, and a wind of six next year is to computer message this data in knots, conditions which represent a " worst a routine manner so that the resultant statistics case" type of simulation. The results from this will be usable condensations of the bulk data.
model are considered to be quite accurate in a Time series analysis techniques will be used relative sense, but absolute calibration has not to provide monthly means, variances, auto-co-yet been achieved.
variances, cross covariances, Fourier analyses, Two basic distortions (as compared with and data smoothing.
field data) were apparent in the model simula-A t.1orough calibration of both the hydraulics tion of the present thermal plume: numerical and thermal dispersion models will be per.
dispersion tended to slightly exaggerate the formed during the coming year and they will diffusion; and the hydraulic program under.
be used to predict the effects of Units 3 and 4.
estimated discharge channel velocities. Both Solar irradiance data has not yet been obtained problems are being corrected, and the results due to problems with the barge generator and will be displayed in the next quarterly report.
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EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT h*
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ON MARINE MICROBIOTA CRYSTAL RIVER SITE University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. Jackson L. Fox Associate M. S. Moyer i
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21 INTRODUCTION B. Biological
- 1. Primary Productivity included in this report are the results of the
- 2. Chlorophyll a chlorination studies conducted on January 12
- 3. ATP and March 24,1972 at Florida Power Corpora.
- 4. Bacteria tion's Crystal River Plant to determine the direct and indirect effect of chlorinated cooling water Ph sical Results
/
on the microbiota of the receiving waters. The Temperature and dissolved oxygen values for March sampling marked the completion of the the final two chlorination studies are shown irt one year study. A final report including all data Figures 1 and 2. The intake water tempe ature and final conclusions will be submitted shortly.
for the January and March studies was the To keep this report brief, the reader is same during the A run,20'C, and had warmed referred to earlier progress statements for in-somewhat since the November run. During both troductory material. All stations and parameters the A and B runs of January, the temperature remained unchanged during the last two studies, rise of the water measured at Station 2 was the As before, chlorination occurred only in the lowest recorded of any of the seven studies.
mornings and the procedure takes approxi-The morning increase was 3.5'C and the der-mately two hours to complete. Runs A repre.
noon rise was only 1.6*C. In March, the rises sent sar.iples taken during chlorination. Runs were again back to the average, 6.0*C in the B represent unchlorinated water and are used morning and 4.8'C in the afternoon. As in for comparison. It should be pointed out, how.
previous studies, the temperature of the water ever, that during the March sampling, only five remained relatively constant as it passed out of the eight condenser units were being operated, to Station 5. Temperatures recorded at Station 6 were always cooler than Station 5 values.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Drops in dissolved oxygen values were noted from Stations 1 to 2 during all four runs of the The table below shows the dates of the final final two studies. The decrease, due to the two studies, the number of sample runs per.
increase in temperature at Station 2, was not formed, and the times of each run.
as great as expected. The reaeration caused by the turbulence of the effluent is likely to be Chlorination Studies great enough to offset the expected large drop in oxygen solubility due to increased tempera-Sample Runs Time tures. Dissolved oxygen values never reached January 12 A
8:15 A.M. - 11:45 A.M.
dangerously low levels as the water passed out B
12:30 P.M. - 2:13 P.M.
the canal and chlorine addition did not appear to alter either temperature or dissolved oxygen.
March 24 A
8:38 A.M. - 11:45 A.M.
The results of the weight determinations 8
12:05 P.M. - 2:16 P.M.
and Seceni disc readings are shnwn in Table 1.
Total solids (mg/1) increased from Stations 1 As in the previous reports, results are presented to 2 during two of the four runs n:ade and in two sections. The sections nd the subjects decreased the other times (although the de.
covered under each are as follows:
crease during the B run of January 12th was
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A. Physical very slight). The only significant change was the
- 1. Temperature increase of 1,760 mg/l during the morning
- 2. Dissolved Oxygen run of January 12th. Seccisi disc readings de-
- 3. Total Solids creased consistently from Stations I to 2. The
- 4. Suspended Solids average orop being 0.275 meters.The increased
- 5. Secchi Dise Readings turbidity of the water at this point causes the
22 decrease in Secchi disc readings. In general, 5 and 6. As in the past, no significant pattern is the water cleared somewhat by the time it evident whether chlorination is occurring or not.
reached Station 5.
During chlorination the values increased 16 percent from Stations 1 to 2 in January and Biological Results decreased 18.2 percent in March. In the after-Chlorination primary productivity values are noons the same pattern occurred-an increase shown in Figures 3 and 4. During the A run of of 5 percent in January and a decrease of 18 January 12th, an increase of 12.0 percent oc-percent in March. Both the increases occurred curred. Of all the runs made during chlorina-when the temperature rise recorded from Sta-tion, this was the only instance of an increase tions 1 to 2 was low (3.5 and 1.6*C), but the in primary productivity. During this run, the significance of such a correlation is question-temperature rise recorded from Stations 1 to 2 able. The results of all the chlorophyll a was only 3.5'C. Also, from the pyrheliometer results will be analyzed in more detail in the readings (Table 2) the total gm cal /cm2 re-final report.
corded during the Station 2 incubation period ATP fluctuations recorded in January and was 57.4 percent higher than that recorded for March are shown in Figures 7 and 8. The shape Station 1. This increase was the greatest of the curves is generally the same as those of recorded during any of the morning runs and the previous studies. A drop in values occurs-may account for the rise in productivity (plus from Station 1 to 2 and a recovery is observed the low temperature change from Stations 1 to by Station 5 or 6. The droos averaged 47.2 2). During the chlorination run of March 24th, percent during chlorination but only 29.14 per-production dropped 47.3 percent from Stations cent in the afternoons. From the graphs, one 1 to 2. On this day the temperature rise re-can see that during chlorination the ATP values corded at Station 2 y as 6.0*C and the solar cor.tinued to dr;,p as the water mass reached radiation did not increase significantly. In the Station 3, and no recovery was made until Sta-afternoons of the final two studies, productivity tion 4. In the afternoons, recovery of ATP con-decreased from Stations 1 to 2 in January and centrations was noted at Station 3, although increased in March. Over the year, no obvious slight during the January run.
trend occurred during the afternoon runs. How-As in the past, diurnal fluctuations in ATP ever, productivity did drop in five of the seven were apparent and the vehses fluctuated through-runs made. During the other two runs, the in-out the discharge canal. Du.4g all four runs, creases were only slight, 9.47 and 13.3 percent.
the Station 6 value never reached the level As has generally been the case in the past, the recorded at Station 1. This has generally been productivity of the water mass (with or without the case when a decrease in ATP was recorded chlorine) increased as it passed out the dis-from Station I to 2. Correlation between ATP charge canal, and values recorded at Station 5 and temperature was again difficult to distin-were osually greater thso or equal to the value guish. It appears that the increased temperature recorded at Station 1. This observation was and addition of chlorine is causing a reduction also apparent at Station 6. In the !ast progress of ATF present at Station 2. The fluctuations report, it was noted that the values at Station throughout the efflu'ent canal are in part due to 5 during the momings of July and September, other variables which affect the organisms as l
while higher than the Station 2 values, remained they pass out the canal. These factors will be below those of Station 1. Such was not the case mentioned in the final report.
l during the chlorination runs of January and Figures 9 and 10 show the iVillipore filter March. During these months, productivity values results of the bacterial population changes dur-were 144 and 106 percent above the Station 1 ing the January 12th study. The March 24th i
values respectively.
results are not included due to contamination Chlorophyll a results are shown in Figures of the plates. Bacterial numbers decreased by
.-~
23 20 percent from Station 1 to 2 during the The bacterial counts continued to drop as chlorination run. This was the first instance of the water passed out the intake canal. In the a decrease in bacteria in the morning (whether afternoon, after an initial increase in numbers, chlorine was being added or not). Only one the bacterial population decreased at Station 3 other decrease (34.1 percent) occurred from and once again at Station 4. A small recovery Station 1 to 2 and this was in the afternoon of was apparent by Station 5.
September 13th. The reason for the earlier drop is unknown. There is no apparent similarity
SUMMARY
in the situations of the two days. The intake water of the September afternoon run (28'C)
The final two studies did not produce any un-was 8' v; armer than the morning run of January.
expected results (with the exception of the The number of bacteria per milliliter in January decrease in bacteria from Stations 1 to 2 during was generally 100 or more above the September the chlorination run of January). The final re-counts. The rrasons for these two reductions port will present graphs summarizing the year's 1
are puzzling and the possible cause for such results and show the general trends which occur l
findings will be discussed in the final report.
from Station 1 to 6.
Table 1 WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS AND SECCHI DISC READINGS Total Suspended Volatile Secchi Solids Solids Solids Disc Date Station (mg/1)
(mg/1)
(mg/1)
(meters)
Jan.12 A-1 25.926 11.6 7.8 2.3 A-2 27.686 11.8 3.8 2.0 A-5 29,298 13.6 6.0 1.8 B1 32.408 d.2 4.6 1.8 B2 32.406 12.0 5.0 1.5 B5 33.160 14.2 6.6 1.8 Mar. 24 A1 26.980 7.3 0.75 1.3 A-2 25.754 15.5 6.25 1.0 A5 27,186 10.8 1.00 1.1 B1 26.514 12.5 3.00 1.2 82 26.946 7.8 1.25 1.0 B5 26,624 17.3 5.50 1.1
24 Table 2 PYRHELIOMETER READINGS
- Total Solar Radiation D:te Incubation Period Station (gm-cal /cm2)
January 12 8:32 - 11:28 A1 49.4 9:09 - 12:05 A2 77.8 9:56 - 1:19 A3 130.4 10:55 - 1:52 A-4 134.6 11:23 2:01 A5 127.2 11:45 - 2:18 A-6 117.8 12:29 - 3:14 B-1 92.5 12:59 - 3:27 B-2 68.4 1:18 - - 3:28 B3 49.4 1:48 - 4:05 B4 36.8 1:58 - 4:18 B5 30.5 2:16 - 4:33 B-6 21.0 March 12 8:41 - 12:05 A1 194.5 9:30 - 12:22 A2 136.1 10:11 - 1:30 A3 233.4 10:58 - 1:34 A4 191.4 11:37 - 2:19 A5 197.7 11:16 - 2:06 A-6 209..?
12:07 - 2:53 B1 19, 5 12:16 - 3:05 B2 19$.6 1:27 - 3:38 B3 132 5 1:35 - 3:40 B4 126.2 2:16 - 3:58 B5 84.1 2:00 - 3:51 B-6 99.9
- In order to cornpute the total radiation measurements, the area under the inked record for the various time periods was measured using a " Polar Planimeter" (Dietzen Series 1800).The chart constant is determined by computing the total amount of gram calories per square centimeter for a 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> period when the rate is a maxirrx s of 3 gram calories per square centimeter per minute and dividing this number by the tota. area as determined by the planimeter. This constant multiplie J by the areas obtained for each time period will give the total gram calories per square centimeter for that period.
l 9
,ege,--
e g
, =, = -
wr 25 Temperatore Temperatore
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. 01eeelved oryges han A hsa A 8:15 A.M.11:45 A.M.
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S tat tes Station Mpm1 Apm2 Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Values Temperature and Dissolved Oxyge' es January 12,1972 March 24,1972 ms ha e 12:30 5,w. 3:13 P.M.
12 oS P.M. 2:16 P.M.
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Station St.ti.a Rpm 3 Rpm 4 Primary Productivity Values Primary Productivity Values January 12,1972 March 24,1972 mun s ava a 12:30 P.M.-2 :13 r.M.
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6 statton Statten Figure 5 Figote 6 Chlorophyll a Values Chloroph;ll a Values January 12,1972 March 24,1972 ama a sua a 4.0 -
12:30 P.M. 2:13 P.M.
12 :05 P.M.-2:16 P.M.
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Station Station Figure 7 FIFr* 8 ATP Values ATP Values January 12,1972 March 24,1972 sun Kun 3 12:30 P.M. 2 13 r.N.
12:oS P.M. -2 216 P.M.
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Figure 9 Figure 10 Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore Filter Method Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore Filter Method January 12,1972. 8:15 A.M.
January 12,1972.12:30 P.M.
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32 Y
enW0nmeiltal a
SURVEILLANCE FOR RADIOACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT:
}
AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Co investigators Dr. William E. Carr Dr. Nils J. Diez Dr. Jackson L Fox Dr. John F. Gamble Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Graduate Assistants Clay A. Adams Francis S. Echols Allan H. Horton Boyd B.Welsch Frank Markwell Student Assistant Tom Gerry Laboratory Staff Effie Galbraith Roger King Buford C. Pruitt
33 INTRODUCTION bili'. as and emphasis, however, three principal ecosystems in the vicinity of the Crystal River Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant Plant were defined: the marine, the marshland, The nuclear power plant is under construction and the terrestrial by the Florida Power Corporation some 55 miles The marine ecosystem will be defined as southwest of Gainesville. The site currently sup-that portion of the Gulf which comes under the ports two fossil fueled conventional generating influence of the discharge and intake of the plants. The nuclear plant will te a Babcock and mling water. It includes habitats such as the Wilcox pressurized water reactor having an out-general game fishing areas. the oyster bars, put of 855 megawatts electrical. Known as the the grassbeds and extends into the saltmarsh Crystal River Plant Unit 3 (Docket No. 50 302),
tidal flat. The second ecosystem is terrestrial, construction is weil underway and is scheduled located in the land areas in and around the for completion in time for fuel loading to begin Crystal River Plant. For convenience of sam-about August,1972 for earliest commercial pling and reporting a sub ecosystem, the fresh-operation by December,1972 and latest com-water environment has been defined. In be-mercial operation b9 June,1973. The Environ-tween these two principal ecosystems lies a mental Report was submitted by Florida Power third, the marshland ecosystem. Marshlands Corporation to the AEC January 4,1972.
form an interface between the marine and ter-restrial environments. Here, many of the im-Brief Description of Project portant coupling pathways occur.
Broadly, the objective of the project is to per-form a preoperationalinvestigation of the levels MARINE SAMPLING of radioactivity in the vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant. In recognition that Sampling in the marine environments has there are numerous and complex pathways by entered the second year. In addition to the which radionuclides may cause exposure to plant preliminary reconnaissance samples and the life, animals and man, the study will be per-special sampling expeditions such as the one formed with due regard to ecological aspects.
to the Cedar Key area, a total of 260 samples The specific objectives of the project are as were taken and analyzed from the marine eco-follows: (1) To gather extensive and accurate system. A similar number of samples will be information on the preoperational levels of radi-taken during the second year of the contract ation and radioactivity existing in the environ-(July 1,1971 to June 30,1972). This will give ment; (2) To obtain information on the critical each sampling area, each habitat, and each i
nuclides, critical pathways, and critical biologi-media type a complete set of duplicates for cal groups associated with the uptake of radio-each season of the year. (See previous reports activity into the human food chain; (3) To of descriptions of sampling areas, habitats and
{
develop, test and exercise the methods and media types.)
procedures that will be used in later opera-tional radiological surveys; (4) To gather base ANALYSIS OF MARINE SAMPLES line data that will provide a basis for compari-son with future levels of radioactivity in the The first year's (Fall 1970 through Summer environment: (5) To assess the principal eco-1971) data on the marine samples are sum-systems within or nearby the plant site.
marized in Table 1. The computer program
)
has received several minor adjustments since The Ecosystems of Crystal River some of the earlier data were reported. All it is difficult to set boundaries upon a macroeco-sample data have been resubmitted and the system since media and biota cross large geo-summary tables reflect these corrections. The graphical areas. In order to divide responsi-format of the Table has been arranged for ease
34 of comparison of the same sample at a partic-pling program and a limited number of special ular area and habitat. For example, the first analysis.
four samples (Lab. nos. 2141,277L,358D, and 423F) reflect the offshore water sample from TOTAL DEPOSITION SAMPLER area'A for the Fall 1970, Winter 1970 71, Spring 1971 and Summer 1971, in that order. A simi-Two units are now in operation in the field. One far sequence is followed until all the offshore unit is located at each of the airborne particu-water samples are reported. Then the next late sampling stations. Figure 1 is a schematic sample type is introduced, i.e., offshore sedi-of the unit. The total area of the two collector ments. This pattern is maintained until all of units is 0.12 square meters and the total reser-the offshore habitat samples are complete and vcir volume is 20 liters. The collectors are the data on marshland samples are repeated in washed down and the total reservoir volume the same sequence as previously followed for returned to the laboratory each month. Initial the offshore habitat. Statistical analysis of plans called for the evaporation of the entire trends may be attempted in the future.
reservoir volume for each time period down to 3.5 liters in order that the activity could be CONDENSER COOLING WATER reported on the basis of picoeuries per unit of area per unit of time. Concentration of sample, For several months in 1971, the discharge canal however, has been difficult. Freeze dry tech-was rampled by Florida Power Corporation pei-niques are under investigation. It has often been sonnel and composited weekly samples delivered suspected that some cesium is lost in oven-to Gainesville. Standard 3.5 liter samples dried samples or in other types of concentration showed little radioactivity other than potassium-techniques that utilize heat.
- 40. In order to achieve lower detectable limits, consecutive 4 week samples were sequentially THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY oven dried and then the next week s sample added. Thus, at the end of a 4 week period.
TLD 100, (%" x %" x 0.035") high sensitivity, the 3.5 liter sample contained the solids from LiF dosimeters have been used to monitor the 14 liters. Two typical results are summarized gamma air dose in the area. At each location 4 below:
dosimeters were incased in a lucite built up 226Ra casket and suspended 3 feet above the ground.
Date Lab.No. size K(40K)gr/kg (pC1/kg) Others(pCl/kg)
Exposures are for a period of one month. The reader system now used is an Eberline Instru-4/1 to 361 14 liters 0.3120.04 to6Ru. 27 214 9ents TR 1.
5/28/71 Summary tables are being developed, how-5/28 to 421 14 liters 0.3520.0472276 65Zn,7 2 6 e ser, the data in Table 4 of the Florida Power 6/25/71 Corporation's Environmental Status Report (April June 1971) remains fairly typical of the Since urconcentrated samples yielded little data being obtained. Note that Station 10 data, ard concentration of sample by oven dry-runs almcst four times higher than the average ing was found to be unsatisfactory, weekly of all other stations. These TLD's are located on sampling of the discharge canal was tempo-the N. E. corner of Crystal River Units 1 and 2's rarily suspended. Investigations into freeze dry transmission line switching yard. (North side of concentration of samples are planned. Dis-the discharge canal.) The yard is covered with charge canal sampling should be reinstigated several inches of grav, crushed gravel imported just prior to loading fuel. There will be sufficient to the site.
background data for comparison of levels ob-Samples of this gravel were returned to the served after fuel loading from the marine sam-laboratory and counted. Most of the activity can
35 be attributed to natural uranium in the rocks, isotopes and their expected release estimates since the analysis concluded the radium 226 from the extreme condition of one percent to be equivalent to 350,000 2200 pCi/kg.
failed fuel.
Some potassium 40 was evident as well as The initial step in the computer program limited positive results on other radionuclides, involves a realistic dilution volume for the however, these smaller positive results are ques-released quantities. Under study are sophisti-tionable because of the unusually high counts cated hydrodynamic models that consider the frem the uranium series. (Note: Sample was diffusion and dispersion under various tidal I
more active than either the National Bureau of conditions. Initial calculations have been made Standards or the Public Health Service quality utilizing a rather limited dilution volume. The control standards normally used to calibrate the computer then contains concentrations (pCi/-
gamma spectrometer for environmental radio-liter) for each radionuclide within the Gulf activity.)
waters under consideration.
Florida Power Corporation also has a small The next step must calculate the levels of switching yard some 200 yards to the southwest radionuclides in selected marine organisms. For of A.P. Black Hall (Environmental Engineering this purpose the concept of specific activity was Sciences) on the University of Florida campus.
applied. The basic theory is that all the marine The gravel in this yard appeared to be the same organisms will tend to equilibrate with the spe-as that at Crystal River. Samples were subse-cific activity (ratio of the radioelement concen-quently taken and the results were almost tration to its sister stable element concentra-idertical: radium 226,340,000 22200 pCi/kg.
tion) of the aqueous environment.
These results again illustrate the well known The calculation becomes a simple ratio:
fact that even in the absence of any activity in the field of nuclear energy, man is often creat-concentration of concentration of ing situations for rather wide variations in expo-the radioelement the radioelement sure from naturally occurring radioactivity. It in the water in the tissue also indicates the possible need for a rather
~
=
complete radiation mapping of the plant site concentration of concentration of and nearby environment with a field instrument the stable element the stable element before fuel arrives on the site.
In the water in the tissue DOSE CALCULATIONS The upper right hand term has been determined in the initial step. The lower right and left hand A preliminary estimate has been made of the terms must be determined by chemical analysis dose to a hypothetical individual as a result of of each media or by literature searches for the radionuclides in the liquid effluent from the chemical compositions of typical media. The Crystal River Unit 3. One report has been upper left hand term is the unknown quantity submitted to Florida Power Ccrporation and to be calculated.
another updated report is in preparation. Briefly, Five important food chain marine organisms the specific activity approach has been used to have been considered, namely, mullet, trout, predict future doses to marine animals and to crab, shrimp and oysters. The computer mem.
r.1an via seafood intake. A short outline of the ory at this stage of the calculation contains procedure will be reviewed.
concentration of ea:h of the 28 radionuclides in Residual radioactivity from the complex each of the five media.
liquid radioactive waste treatment facility with-Man is the consumer of interest. Dietary in the plant is periodically diluted into the habits and intake of foodstuffs are difficult to large volumes of condenser cooling water flow.
obtain. Table 2 shows the hypothetical diet to The model considers some 28 different radio-be maintained by the critical individual over a i
I i
a
+
r
36 50 year span.
under consideration, including neutron activa.
Once intake rates are established, the tion analysis and detection by charged particle model can predict body burdens and finally, induced characteristic x rays. Sarapie prepara-doses to the whole body or to individual organs.
tion techniques are critical to the achievement The estimated dose to the whole body of the of accurate and valid concentrations and these hypothetical man was found to be 0.000012 techniques are being studied.
rems / year. One must also consider other path-ways and other sources in order to evaluate the total dose to man, however, this " worst case" model provides an indication of the significance of this aquatic pathway. Within the model, one can also ascertain the critical pathways and critical radionuclides that warrant additional study. For example, cesium 137 and tritium A
y *-
contribute over 90% of the total body dose to V
V dr the hypothetical individual.
Finally, soms interest has been expressed in knowing the dose to a particular organism, for example, a mullet. The concentration of
,[
each radionuclide in each organism has been calculated in the model just de:cribed. With v
certain basic assumptions, the total dose in-3
[-
""~
ciuding internal and external contribution from j
cesium 137 to a one kilogram mullet has been estimated to be 0.66 x 10-3 millirads per year.
//
Similar calculations and assumptions for the e
u-naturally occurring radionuclide, potassium 40,
[
- ~
d yielded a total dose of 21 millirads per year.
le
'r 2.
STABLE ELEMENT ANALYSIS in support of the dose prediction model, for
+
general description of the marine ecosystem, Figin 1. Total Deposition Sampler and in support of thermal effect studies, stable element analysis are being carried out in sea-trout, pinfish, mullet, blue crabs, and oysters.
Mr. Boyd Welsch is making determinations for Mo, Fe, Sr, Cr, Zn, Co, Cu, Mg, and Mn with the atomic absorption units on the above organ-isms collected each quarter as well as a larger spectrum of organisms collected this pact sum-mer quarter. Samples have been taken from l
both the thermally affected areas and from unaffected areas.
Cesium and other more rare stable elements sister to the radionuclides expected to be re-leased are not easily run on the atomic absorp-tion units. Other types of analysis have been
37 Table 1 (continued on pages 38 through 49)
Laboratory Date See K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 2241 9/15/70 irea A-Offshore Sediment (dried) 4.75 0.21 2 4300*
61 2 Zr 95,162 3; Ru 106, 2602 61; 0.15 320 22 Ce-144,12002140; Note: dried sample results in pCl/kg dry 282L 12/6/71 Area A-Offshore Sediment 3.78 0.29 2 6200s 59 2 Zr-95,162 4; Ru.106, 3602 79; 0.19 420 29 Co.144, 6202180; dry weight basis 349C 3/30/71 Area A-Offshore Sediment 5.47 0.57m 25002 110m 89 2 Zr.95, 82 3; Ru 106,1402 52; 0.12 250 20 21 Ce 144, 540s 110 363D 3/30/71 Area A-Offshore Sediment. sample 2.87 1.22 46002 210 2 180 2 Zr-95.172 5; Ru-106,3502 97; 349C, dried 0.23 460 37 39 Mn-54,20m 15; dry weight basis 367D 4/5/71 Area A-Offshore Sediment 6.80 0.21 2 3300*
82 2 Zr-95, 92 2; Ru.106. 2302 45; 0.10 230 17 1 131. 31 2 18; Ce 144, 610m 99 433G 6/26/71 kea A-Offshore Sediment 5.28 0.19 2 37002 60 2 Zr-95,132 3; Ru-106,190s 54; 0.13 280 20 Ce 144,210s 120; Mn-54,92 8 435G 6/26/71 Area A Offshore Sediment 5.24 0.30 2 3300m 76 2 Zr 95,28* 3; Ru.106. 220s 54; 0.13 270 20 Ce-144,2802120 2211 9/15/70 Area B-Offshore Sediment 6.52 0.442 2700 2 87 2 Zr-95.102 2; Ru 106,1702 45; 0.11 220 17 Ce-144,12002 99 311A 12/15/70 Area B.0ffshore Sediment 3.18 1.22 5800 2 1702 Zr-95,40m 5; Ru.106,6902 96; 0.22 470 35 Ce-144,10002 200; dry weight basis; 44% moisture 369D 4/5/71 A sa B. Offshore Sediment 6.53 0.682 2100m 140m Zr-95,32 2; Ru 106,1802 45; 0.11 210 18 1131,19z 17; Ce 144,8402 94 436G 6/26/71 Area B-Offshore Sedih.
..t 5.52 0.652 3000m 98 2 Zr-95, 392 3; Ru.106, 270m 54; 0.13 250 19 Ce-144, 6702 110 2201 9/15/60 koa C-Offshore Sediment 4.82 0 25z 3000 2 69 2 Zr-95.192 3; Ru 106,1702 52; 0.12 240 19 Ce.144,1100* 110 2141 9/15/70 Area A-Offshore Water-29.0'C 3.53 0.21 2 Depth 1.5 ft., tide rising. K 40 only Salinity-22.8%
0.14 radionuclide 277L 12/6/70 Area A Offshore Water 3.59 2.21 2 K40 only radionuclide 0.23 2 i
3580 3/16/71 Area A-Offshore Water-1:r.2'C 3.65 0.232 K40 only radionuclide Salinity-22%
0.13 i
423F 6/28/71 koa A-Offshore Water 3.67 0.25 z 28 m 0.13 20 21%
9/15/70 Area B 0ffshore Water-28.0*C 3.58 0.252 Depth 2.0 ft., tide rising, K40 only Salinity-30.1%
0.13 radionuclide 278L 12/6/70 Area B-Offshore Water 3.45 0.442 K40 only radionuctide 0.14 355C 3/31/71 koa B-Offshore Water-23.0*C 3.71 0.24 2 K40 only iu'entifiable radionuclide Salinity-21.0%
0.13 431F 6/26/71 Area B4)ffshore Water 3.69 0.232 K40 only identifiable radionuclide i
0.13
38 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Nu.9ber Collected Location Description (kg) (t/ kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 2181 9/15/70 Area C-Offshore Water-28.6*C 3.48 0.212 Depth 2.0 ft., tide rising, K-40 only Salinity-14.5%
0.14 radionuclide 280L 12/6/70 Area C Offshore Water 3.46 0.192 K40 only radionuclide 0.14 352C 3/31/71 Area C-Offshore Water-15.1'C
. 3.63 2.02 1 131, 21 2 20 Salinity-18.1%
0.13 445G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Water 3.69 0.182 6002 0.14 270 353C 3/31/71 Area C-Offshore Water-15.5'C 3.89 1.9 m K 40 only radionuclide Salinity-11.5%
0.12 110A 12/15/70 Area C-Offshore Sediment 3.65 0.62 2 3000m 110 2 31 2 Zr 95, 28z 4; Ru 106, 4202 75; 0.17 360 28 29 1131,492 29; Ce 144,1100m 160; dry weight basis; 39% moisture 348C 3/27/71 Area C-Offshore Sediment 5.91 0.28 z 1700*
79 2 35m Zr-95,142 2; Ru 106,1702 46; 0.10 210 17 18 Ce 144, 5502 93 446G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Sediment 6.52 0.16 2 15002 66 2 Zr 95, 222 2; Ru 106,1802 40; 0.09 190 15 Ce 144, 3902 82; Mn-54, 92 6 259J 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore Plankton (dry weight) 0.01 11,000 2 Zr 95, 7602 630; note: based on 4.800 dry weight; no K-40 316A 12/15/70 Area A-Offshore Plankton 0.01 Dry weight basis; 99% moisture; no identifiable radionuclides 407E 5/26/71 Area A-Offshore Plankton 2.02 0.57 2 Wet weight basis 0.24 262J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Plankton (dry weight) 0.08 7.9 m 1200 2 Zr 95,1702120; note: based on dry 5.8 900 weight 391E 5/5/71 Area B-Offshore Plankton 2.58 0.21 s Wet weight basis 0.19 443G 7/6/71 Area B-Offshore Plankton 3.41 0.26 2 Wet weight basis 0.14 262J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Plankton 0.01 No radionuclides identifiable; note:
small sample size 406E 5/26/71 Area C-Offshore Plankton 3.64 0.17 2 7202 0.14 270 440G 6/27/71 Area B-Offshore Coulerpa 2.11 0.452 6002 Zr 95, 342 6; Ru 106,1302 96; prolifera 0.23 450 Mn-54,162 15; wet weight basis 439G 6/27/71 Area B Offshore Coulerpa 2.61 0.27z Zr-95. 322 5: Ru-106,1002 80; 0.19 Mn-54,17z 13; wet weight basis 255J 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore Algae 1.47 6.9 z 150 Zr.95, 702 9; Mn-54,39m 26; Ru-0.43 60 106, 170 2 160; wet weight basis 285L 12/6/70 Area A-Offshore Algae 0.24 35 2 7002 Dry weight basis 2.6 350
39 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 23tTh 337Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/ kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments _
3750 4/16/71 Area A-Offshore Algae 1.71 4.42 10002 Zr-95,1602 10; wet weight basis 0.35 570 425F 6/26/71 Area A-Offshore Algae 2.37 3.0 m 740s 36m Zr-95,942 6; Ru 106,1602 95; wet 0.25 410 35 weight basis 432G 6/26/71 Area A-Offshore Algae 3.61 0.49m 550 2 Zr-95, 372 4; Ru 106,100m 60; 0.14 270 Mn 54,11210; wet weight basis 241J 10/6/70 Area B-Offeore Algae (leafiike 0.8010.0 m 130am 230m Zr.95, 59215; Zn-65,140m 120 with fruit) 0.76 1200 100 302L 12/16/70 Area B-Offshore Aigae 0.25 18 z 8102 1-131, 560m 280; Ce 144, 34002 2.1 280 1400:dr weightbasis;83% moisture
- ZD 3/27/71 Area B-Offshore Algae 0.94 7.0 m 2300 2 88 2 Zr 95, IF 14; wet weight basis 0.63 1000 87 437G 6/27/71 Area B-Offshore Algae 2.93 43 2 840m 56 2 31 2 Zr-95,38m 5; wet weight basis 0.23 340 30 29 256J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Algae (dry weight) 0.20 51 2 6002 Zr 95, 530m 66; Ru 106,17002 32 430 1100; Mn-54,190m 180; note
- based on c:y weight; 85% moisture 286L 12/6/70 Area C-Offshore Algae 0.23 44 2 9200m 9402 Zr 95,120m 52; dry weight basis 2.8 4400 390 359D 3/27/71 Area C-Offshore Algae 1.00 8.32 1000 2 180 s Zr-95,110213; wet weight basis 0.61 950 84 441G 7/6/71 Area C.0ffshore Argae 2.38 5.02 73 2 Zr 95,54m 6; Ba 140,20m 15; wet 0.28 37 weight basis 2581 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore Grass 0.73 3.82 Zr 95,47z 15 0.69 312A 12/15/70 Area A-Offshore Grass 0.15 25 2 Dry weight basis; 86% moisture 3.5 365D 4/2/71 Area A-Offshore Grass 0.60 3.3 z Mn 54,602 53; wet weight basis 0.84 430F 6/26/71 Area A-Offshore Grass 3.01 0.85 2 540m Zr 95,302 4; Ru 106,882 71; wet 0.18 320 weight basis 257J 10/6/70 Area B-Offshore Grass 0.72 3.9 z Zr-95, 422 15 0.72 306L 12/15/70 Area B-Offdore Grass 0.21 18 2 450m Zr-95, 912 52; dry weight basis:
2.6 380 72% moisture 362D 4/2/71 Area B-Offshore Grass 1.963.42 30002 170 2 Zr 95, 572 7; Ru 106. 2302 130; 0.32 570 48 wet weight basis 434G-6/26/71 Area B-Offshore Grass 3.17 1.9 m 12002 27 2 Zr 95, 692 5; Ru 106, 200m 73; 0.19 320 26 Mn-54,14m 12; wet weight basis 2661 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Grass 0.08 68002 5500
40 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 224ta 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Descr.ption (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCl/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 287L 12/6/70 Area C-Offshore Grass 0.09 17 z 24.0002 1400 2 Dry weight basis 5.8 11,000 890 364D 4/2/71 Area C-Offshore Grass 0.75 5.62 18002 Zr 53,100216; Ru 106,3602 280; 0.73 1300 wet weight basis 442G 7/6/71 Area C.0ffshore Grass 2.03 2.3
- Zr.95,332 6; Ba 140,18217; wet 0.27 weight basis 248J 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore Oysters 2.2 40z Zr 95,102 5; Ru.106,1002 90:
33 Ca 144, 2302180; note: " absence" of potassium 290L 12/6/70 Area A-Offshore Oysters, total 2.21 0.27 2 18002 sample 0.25 510 376D 4/16/71 Area A-Offshore Oysters,18 2.24 0.20m 4902 Zr.95,1825; Ru.106,1202 91 0.21 420 473G 7/7/71 Area A.0ffshore Oysters,4.5 doz.
2.80 0.37 2 660 2 Zr 95,92 4 0.18 350 476G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Oyster meat and 1.65 410 2 1.0 liter configuration liquid from 473G 250 483G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Oyster shells 2.28 480 2 Zr.95,112 5; Ru.106,1302 89; from 473G 420 Mn.54,182 14 253J 9/15/70 Area B-Offshore Cysters 2.13 0.312 5002 Zr-95,162 5: Ru 106,140 100 0.23 400 307A 12/15/70 Area B-Offshore Oysters total 2.05 0.47z 7202 43 2 sample 0.24 470 37 475G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Oysters, whole,63 3.61 0.24 2 380s Zr.95, 52 3 0.14 270 480G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Oyster meat 0.70 1.12 0.5 liter configuration from 475G 1.1 481G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Oyster shells 2.78 480 2 from 475G 340 252J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Oysters 1.8 0.46 2 47z Zr 95,92 6 0.27 43 289L 12/6/70 Area C-Offshore Oysters. total 2.28 0.52 2 69 2 36 2 sample 0.22 34 33 351C 3/31/71 Area C-Offshore Oysters 1.95 0.34 2 42 2 0.25 38 4/,8G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Oysters 3.40 0.76 2700 67 Zr-95, 9.0; Ru 106,180.0; Zn-65, 12.0; Mn-54,12.0; Ba.140, 20; net count 451G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Oyster shells 2.60 0.202 Zr-95,10 4; Zn-65,432 34; Ba-0.19 140, 15 2 13 453G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Oyster meat 0.40 0.5 liter configuration and liquid 267J 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore Shrimp 0.05 No radit.nuclides identifiable; note:
small sample size
. ~.-
41 4
Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th m Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCl/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 2261 9/15/70 Area B-Offshore Shrimp 0.60 3.00 z Ru-106, 320m 290 0.83 497G 7/28/71 koa B.0ffshore Shrimp 1.28 2.92 85 2 Zr-95,102 8 0.42 60 261J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore Shrimp 0.08 No radionuclides identifiable; sample size small j
242J 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore 18 blue crabs, 1.26 2.02 1800 2 260m 16" 0.43 800 67 295L 12/6/70 koa A-Offshore Crabs 1.02 1.82 25002 1402 0.51 970 79 372D 4/2/71 - Area A-Offshore 8 blue crabs. 4" 1.43 1.6 z 900 2 57 2 037 660 56 492G 6/5/71 Area A-Offshore Blue crabs.24 2.77 IJ z 1000 2 1202 Zn-65, 462 35 0.21 370 32 2463 10/6/70 hea B-Offshore 15 blue crabs 1.64 1.8 z 1100*
73 2 Mn-54,322 21 0.32 600 49 304L 12/6/70 Area B-Offshore Crabs-5 (6")
1.05 2.42 2000 2 0.52 980 345C 3/16/71 kea B-Offshore Blue crabs,8 1.51 1.9 z 1500m Zr-95,142 7 035 660 467G 7/7/71 Area B Offshore Blue crabs 18 337 13 2 9302 87 Zr-95,52 3 0.17 300 25 244J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore 12 blue crabs, 1.07 2.12 K.40 only radio.:uclide
%.7" 0.47 315A 12/15/70 Area C.0ffshore Blue crabs, 1.58 13 2 1800z 130z
)
tarse sample 0.34 640 52 389E 5/4/71 Area C-Offshore Crabs,8 1.13 2.12 960 2 130 2 74 2 0.46 820 69 66 400E 5/24/71 koa C-Offshore Blue crabs.10 1.54 1.5 z 10002 1102 0.34 620 52 449G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Blue crabs.10 1.04 2.12 4200m 98 2 94 2 Zr-95, 142 11; Zn-65,170s 97; 0.55 1100 82 83 Ba 140, 43z 36 450G 7/7/71 kes A-Offshore Stone crabs.4 0.662.12 5000 Zr 95, 282 17; Zn-65,1902 150 0.82 1600 457G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Stone crabs,1 0.21 5800 2 1.0 liter configuration 2100 390E 5/5/71 Area B-Offshore Stone crabs. 7 1.51 1.4 z 20002 140 2 0.36 680 54 2361 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore 20 pinfish.
1.79 2.5 2 69 2 2-5" 0.31 44 293i.
12/6/70 Area A-Offshore Pinfish 3 0.53 4.22 260 2 1.0 150 T
42 Laboratory Date
' Size K(8cK) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/ kg pCi/kg pCl/kg Others 6Ci/kg) and Comments 379D 4/16/71 Area A-Offshore Silver perch, 1.91 2.9 z 810m 13 030 500 402E 5/25/71 Area A-Offshore Pinfish,12 0.72 3.5 m 1400 2 160 2 0.71 1300 110 491G 6/27/71 Area A.0ffshore Pinfish,10 0.792.92 0.65 235J 10/6/70 Area B-Offshore 50 Pinfish, 1.61 2.52 K 40 only radionuclide 2.5" 034 2%L 12/6/70 Area B Offshore Pinfish 1.80 2.5 e 15002 0.31 550 383D 4/27/71 Area B-Offshore Pinfish,7 0.65 3.9 = 23002 130 2' Ru 106,330m 320 0.80 1400 120 454G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Pinfish. 54 2.77 2.52 810 2 31 2 Zr-95,52 4 0.22 350 30 231J 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore 15 pinfish,2.5*
0.12 Zr95,160m 83 317A 12/15/70 Area C Offshore Pinfish 1.08 3.0 m 950 2 0.49 870 2291 9/15/70 Area A-Offshore Mullet,6" 0.83 3.42 91 2 0.61 90 321A 12/15/70 Area A-Offshore Mullet 1.48 2.7 z 7602 200m 75 2 Zr-95,122 8 038 650 58 54 388E 5/4/71 Area A-Offshore Fish, mullet,5 1.4S 23 z 12002 150 2 0.37 650 56 469G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Fish, mullet. 35 2.57 2.3 z 940 2 Zr-95,72 4; Zn-65,2202 40 0.23 380 238J 10/6/70 Area B.0ffshore 20 mullet. 7" 1.13 33 2 1002 0.47 67 319A 12/15/70 Area B Offshore Mullet 1.02 2.9 = 12002 96 2 0.52 970 78 384D 4/27/71 Area B-Offshore Fish, mullet,4 0.55 3.3 = 29002 0.92 1700 387E 5/1/71 Area B-Offshore - Fish, mullet,20 1.59 3.22 6902 035 580 495G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Fish. mullet.13 135 2.72 1100m 96 2 Zr-95,112 8 0.41 730 60 2331 10/6/70 Area C-Offshore 30 mu!!et,4" 1.79 3.22 64 Zr.95,8m 6;Zn-65,75m 51; 0.32 A5 Ce 144,240m 220 320A 12/15/70 Area A Offshore Mullet 1.68 2.5 m 71 2 180 2 0.32 47 45 408E 5/26/71 Area C Offshore Mullet.13 139 2.92 63 2 0.39 57
^7*~"
43 Laboratory Date size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 455G 7/6/71 Area C-Offshore Fish, mulfet.15 1.77 2.22 1600m 50m 0.32 560 46 225J 9/15/70 Area B Offshore Menidia 0.11 6.52 K-40 only radionuclide 4.2 382D - 4/27/71 Area B-Offshore Fish, menidia 1.31 2.82 7002 0.40 690 228J 9/15/70 Area C-Offshore Many menida,2" 0.51 2.9 m K 40 only radionuclide 0.96
^
230J 10/6/70 Area A4ffshore 3 trout,10" 0.65 3.62 K-40 only radionuclide 0.77 2391 10/6/70 Area B-Offshore 2 trout.14" 0.48 3.22 K.40 only radionuclide 1.0 1
322A 12/15/70 kea A-Offshore Spotted seatrout 0.94 3.7 m K-40 only radionuclide 0.55 394E 5/10.'71 Area A-Offshore Sea trout,2 0.94 3.02 0.56 456G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Trout,5 1.65 2.82 1200 2 Zr 95, 7 6 0.34 580 303L 12/6/70 koa B-Offshore Spotted seatrout, 1.10 3.92 1400 2 72 2 3 (6".17")
0.51 910 71 409E 5/26/71 Area B.0ffshore Trout 1 0.58 3.J z 16002 0.86 1600 460G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Trout,4 1.24 2.42 1300 2 0.43 750 335B 1/30/71 Area C.0ffshore Spotted seatrout 0.29 3.8 s-52002 1.7 3100 298L 12/6/70 kea B-Offshore Redfish,1 1.083.12 85 2 0.48 69 327A 1/8/71 Area B-Offshore Redfish 0.405.32 7500m 1.3 2500 328A 1/2/71 Area B-Offshore Redfish 0.49 3.2 25.000 2 Ru 106,4902 470 1.2 2500 329A 1/18/71 hea B.0ffshore Spot 1.59 2.7 m - 14002 1202 Zn-65,692 61; Ba-140,39z 22 032 6%
51 333A 1/23/71 Area B.0ffs5cre Sand seatrout 0.75 3.6 m 22002 0.69 1200 3368 1/30/71 Area C.0ffshore Sand seatrout 0.14 Computer error 392E 5/6/71 Area A-Offshore Sand seatrout 2 0523.52 77002 230 2 1.1 2000 160 297L 12/6/70 koa B.0ffshore Croaker,4 0.64 3.02 1800*
0.80 1500
. 44 -
Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th. 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 325A 1/2/71 Area B-Offshore Croaker 1.09 3.32 0.48 294L 12/6/70 Area B-Offshore Pigfish 3.17 1.3
- 420m 0.17, 300 2341 10/6/70 Area B-Offshore 6 ladyfish,10" 1.04 3.92 K40 only radionuclide 0.51 461G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Ladyfish,1 0.80 1.82 2800m 0.64 1200 494G 7/7/71 Area M)ffshore - Fish, half-beaks,87 1.73 3.02 10002 0.33 570 470G 7/7/71 Area A-Offshore Spottail pinfish,15 1.36 2.62 1200 2 84 2 0.39 690 58 393E 5/4/71 koa A-Offshore Sea catfish,8 1.74 2.5 z 0.32 374D 4/2/71 Area B-Offshore Sea catfish,7 1.39 2.02 710 2 Mn-54, 652 25; Ba-140, 282 25 0.38 670 462G 7/7/71 kea A.0ffshore Gafftosail 3.03 2.02 6702 catfish 0.19 310 452G -
7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Catfish,3 1.00 2.7
- 88 2 Zr 95,13 10;1 131, 86 2 75; 0.52 74 Zn 65,1402 89; Ba 140,432 34 411E 5/27/71 Area C-Offshore Catfish,2 0.33 2.62 30002 Ru.106, 4802 420; 1.0 liter con.
1.5 1400 figuration 332A 1/18/71 !m 9 Offshore Whitings 1.15 3.62 140 1 131, 81 2 64 0.47 64
~ 5/24/71 Area A-OffDore Cuban queens,11 1.33 2.9 z-750m 63 2 Zr.95,102 8 399E 0.41 690 55 464G 7/7/71 Area B-Offshore Black-tip 2.02 2.6
- 48 2 38 2 sharks 4 0.28 38 36 330A 1/18/71 Area A-Offshore Black sea bass 0.40 3.3 z 2302 Ba.140, 862 83 1.3 180 i
l 324A 1/2/71 Area B-Offshore Silver perch 2.69 0.812 0.91
-334B 1/30/71 Area C-Offshore Silver perch 2.08 2.62 510z 41 2 50 s 0.27 440 38 35 478G Fish juice from 0.51 No identifiable radionuclide 454G,455G.456G, i
457G 2161 9/15/70 Area A Marshland Water-30.1*C 3.48 0.21 2 Depth 3.5 ft., tide rising; K40 only Salinity-19.8%
0.13 radionuclide 275L 12/6/70 Area A Marshland Water 3.51 0.31 2 K40 only radionucli.
- l 0.14 354C 3/31/71 Area A Marshland Water-23.5'C 3.49 0.21 2 K40 only radionuclide Salinity--15.6%
0.14 s
45 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 222Tn 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/ kg) pCi/ kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 422F 6/26/ 71 Area A-Marshland Water 3.69 0.25 2 29 2 0.13 19 2171 9/15/70 hea B-Marshland Water-33.6*C 3.50 0.28 2 Depth 2.5 ft., tide falling: K-40 only Salinity-27.5%
0.14 radionuclide 276L 12/6/70 Area B Marshland Water 3.45 0.182 380 2 0.14 270 357D 3/16/71 Area B-Marshland Water-23.1*C 3.28 0.19 2 320 2 Salinity-21.7%
0.15 280 2131 9/15/70 Area C-Marshland Water-29.5'C 3.35 Depth 4 ft., tide falling; no radionu-Salinity-20.2%
clides 280L 12/6/70 Area C-Marshland Water 3.46 0.192 K-40 only radionuclide 0.14 444G 7/6/71 Area C-Marshland Water 3.73 0.19 2 0.13 2191 9/15/70 Area A-Marshland Sediment 5.47 0.44 2 17002 89 2 Zr-95, 20 3; Ru 106, 2602 49; 0.11 230 18 Ce 144,1000 100 283L 12/6/70 Area A-Marshland Sediment 3.35 0.672 30002 140 2 Zr 95, 232 4; Ru 106, 3702 82; 0.19 390 31 1131,342 31; Ce 144,9802170; Mn-54,192 13; dry weight basis 366D 4/2/71 Area A-Marshland Sediment 6.67 0.31 2 7100 2 79 2 Zr 95,112 3; Ru.106, 3502 55; 0.13 300 20 Ce-144, 3902 130 424F 6/26/71 Area A-Marshland Sediment 6.21 0.40 2 18002 120 2 Zr-95,182 3; Ru 106, 210m 46; 0.10 220 17 1131,282 18; Ce-144,700m 95 2231 9/15/70 Area B-Marshland Sediment 6.16 0.322 2100m 110s Zr-95,102 2: Ru-106,1702 46, 0.11 220 17 Ce-144,12002 100 2231 9/15/70 Area B.Marshland Sediment (dried) 4.46 0.47m 2500 1502 Zr-95,162 3; Ru-106,1802 62; same material as 0.14 300 24 Ce-144,8802130; note: dried sam-2231 pie results in pCi/kg dry: Ce 144 quantity questionable; l.131 no longer positive result 281L 12/6/71 Area B-Mars'ilind Sediment 4.94 0.46
- 2500 2 1502 Ru 106, 2002 58; Ce 144, 9002 0.13 280 22.
120; dry weight basis 3680 4 5/71 Area B-Marshland Sediment 6.12 0242 42002 78 Zr-95, 72 3; Ru-106, 270s 50; 0.12 200 19 Ce-144, 3902 110 426F 6/26/71 Area B.Marshland Sediment 6.60 0.312 1900m 110m Zr-95, 232 3; Ru-106, 260s 44; 0.10 200 16 l 131, 26m 16; Ce 144, 2802 90 2221 9/15/70 Area C-Marshland Sediment. low 1.28 3.0 z 10.0002 3002 4302 Zr-95, 2002 14; Ru 106,18002 solids, sample 0.52 1000 82 92 240; Ce 144, 55002 480; Mn 54, dried 392 36; dry weight basis; approxi-mately same total pCi as sample no.
2211 284L 12/6/70 Area C-Marshland Sediment 1.17 3.6 211,0002 590s 250 2 Zr 95, 422 13; Ru-106, 870 240; 0.58 1200 94 96 Ce-144,10002 500; dry weight basis 447G 7/6/71 Area C.Marshland Sediment 685 0.212 1400 2 69 2 Zr-95, 202 2; Ru.106,160s 39; 0.09 190 14 Ce 144, 5002 80 249J 10/6/70 Area A-Marshland Oysters 1.90 770 2 43 2 Zr-95, 92 5; Ru.106, 2002 100; 500 39 note: " absence" of potassium u
46 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 1370s Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg DCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pci/kg) and Comments 250J 10/6/70 Area A-Marshland Oysters (edible 0.16 No radionuclides identifiable portion of #2491) 291L 12/6/70 Area A-Marshland Oysters, total 2.18 46002 Note " absence" of potassium sample 580 373D 4/2/71 koa A Marshland Oystera 2.30 8202 Zr-95, 62 4 410 466G 6/27/71 Area A-Marshland Oysters, whole, 3.07 0.18 2 1100 Zr 95,92 4 5 dor.
0.16 320 471G 6/27/71 Area A-Marshland Oyster shells 2.41 1100m from 466G 400 477G 6/27/71 Area A-Marshland Oyster meat 0.62 0.5 liter configuration from 466G 2511 10/6/70 kea B-Marshland Oysters 1.90 1300m Zr-95,122 6; note: " absence" of 510 potassium 292L 12/6/70 kea B Marshland Oysters, total 2.14 0.19 920 42 5
Net count recorded; no statistical sampie comparison by computer 377D 4/16/71 kea B-Marshland Oysters. 24 2.61 0.20 2 480 Zr-95, 23 4; Ru 106,1602 79; 0.18 360 Ce-144,1902 15p; Mn-54,162 12 474G 6/27/71 Area B Marshland Oysters, whole, 2.86 0.222 770m 29 2 Zr-95, 52 4 5 doz.
0.17 350 27 479G 6/27/71 kea B-Marshland Oyster meat from 0.50 0.5 liter configuration 474G 482G 6/27/71 koa B-Marshfand Oyster shells 3.71 0.13 2 25 2 from 474G 0.13 20.
254J 10/6/70 hea C-Marshland Oysters (large) 1.81 0.36 2 7602 Zr 95,122 6 0.27 530 288L 12/6'70 Area C-Marsh!and Oysters, total 1.41 5400*
92 2 81 2 Note " absence" of potassium sample 830 60 64 299L 12/6/70 koa C-Marshland Meat only of 0.19 4000 Zn-65,332 22 oysters from 2200 sample 288L 300L 12/6/70 Area C Marshland Shells only of 0.96 0.78 2 24002 160 2 120 oysters from 0.54 1100 84 76 sample 288L 347C 3/27/71 Area C-Marshland Oystees 2.10 0.242 0.23 458G 7/6/71 kea C-Marshland Oysters. 3 doz.,
2.26 1800 2 Zr 95, 92 5; Ru-106,110* 94 whole 450 463G 7/6/71 Area C-Marshland Oyster meat from J.46 2.22 0.5 I;ter configuration 458G 1.6 465G 7/6/71 kea C Marshfand Oyster shells 2.23 910m 64z Zr-95,72 5 from 458G 440 34
I 47 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCl/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments I
i 2431 Area A.Marshland 5 blue crabs, J.81 2.3 z 2100m 130m 4-6" 0.63 1200 99 314J 12/15/70 Area A.Marshland Blue crabs 1.34 2.12 27002 170 2 0.44 710 59 l
403E 5/25/71 koa A.Marshland Blue crabs,10 2.32 0.762 1600 2 40 2 0.23 430 34 486G 6/27/71 koa A.Marshland Blue crabs,17 2.16 1.2 z 1600m 110 2 0.25 470 40 245J 10/6/70 Area B.Marshland 10 blue uabs 0.96 1.92 1100 2 Co.144,10002 470 0.53 1000 301L 12/6/70 Area.B Marshland Blue crabs 1.23 2.52 8602 2002 0.44 890 67 346C 3/16/71 Area B.Marshland Blue crabs,10 1.07 1.7 z 21002 Zr 95,132 10 0.48 920 493G 6/5/71 Area B. Marsh:Jnd Elue crabs.10 1.11 1.7 z ?.300m 1702 0.47 870 72 247) 10/6/70 koa C.Marshland 12 blue crabs 1.33 2.1 z 150 2 0.39 61 309A 12/15/70 hea C.Marshfand Blue crabs 0.39 5.72 K.40 only radionuclide 1.5 459G 7/6/71 Area C.Marshland Blue crabs,6 1.20 1.8 2 !400 2 150 Ru.106,2202190 0.48 910 73 274K Fall /70 kes A-Marshland Killifish 1.68 1.05 M?2 141 Zr.95,2; Ru.106,350; Zu 65, ',
Mn.54,15; Ba.140,34; net count 415E 5/27/71 Area A-Marshland Killifish 0.19 3.7 z 12.0002 1.0 liter configuration 2.7 2600 489G 6/27/71 Area A.Marshland Killifish, 1.22 2.12 12002 9 doz.
0.43 780 227J 9/15/70 Area B.Marshland 6 killifish, 0.263.42 Zr.95,552 40; Ru.106,970277G 4"
1.9 318A 12/15/70 Area B.Marshland Killifish 0.35 3.62 K.40 only radionuclide Identifiable 1.4 4161 5/22/71 koa B.Marshland Killifish 0.13 No identifiable radionuclide 496G 6/27/71 Area B.Marshland Killifish 1.64 2.82 8502 75 2 0.34 600 49 2641 10/6/70 hea C.Marshland 5 killifish,5" 0.17 No radionuclides identifiable 417E 5/22/71 kea.C.Marshland Killifish 0.15 8300 2 380 1.0 liter configuration 3100 310 2401 10/6/70 Area A-Marshland 3 mullet,13" 1.23 3.22 1700 2 1002 0.45 790 64
48 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 39tf 5/24/71 Area A-Marshla9d Mullet. 20 1.18 2.72 1200 2 1G02 Zr-95,182 9 0.46 790 67'
(
484G 6/27/71 kea A-Marshland Mullet,46 2.37 2.32 780s 52 2 0.24 420 35 237J 10/6/70 Area B-Marshland 9 mullet. 512" 1.26 2.62 24002 2702 Zn-65,110 77 0.45 840 70 305L 12/6/70 koa B-Marshland Mullet 0.55 2.32 K-40 only radionuclide 0.98 398E 5/24/71 kea B-Marshland Mullet,3r 2.11 2.22 880 2 42 2 Zr-95,6m 5 0.27 450 36 46 %
6/27/71 kea B Marshland Mullet,21 1.40 2.82 23002 75 2 i
0.40 710 58 265J 10/6/70 Area C-Marshland 1 mullet,6" 0.11 No radionuclides identifiable 401E 5/25/71 kea C.Marshland Mullet.14 1.09 3.32 16002 Zr-95.16210 0.49 860 273K Fall /70 kea A-Marshland Menidia 0.42 4.22 Ru 106,670m 470 1.2 323A 12/15/70 Area A-Marshland Menidia.
Cornputer error silversides 404E 5/25/71 kea A-Marshland Menidia 1.16 2.7 z 1400 2 92 2 0.45 810 67 488G 6/27/71 Area A-Marshland Menidia.12 0.57 2.4 m 1.0 liter configuration 0.83 269K Fall /70 Area B.Marshland Menidia 0.86 3.0 e 2200 2 0.61 1100 313A 12/15/70 Area B-Marshland Menidia -
0 25 4.6 m Ru.106,20002 810 silversides 1.9 270K Fall /70 koa C-Marshland Menidia 0.433.52 56002 1.2 2300 271K Fall /70 Area A Marshland Spotfish 0.51 3.32 K-40 only radionuclide 0.91 410E 5/26/71 Area A-Marshland Spotfish 0.45 3.9 z 1.1 490G 6/26/71 Area A-Marsi. land Spotfish,78 1.29 2.72 0.41 232J 10/6/70 Area B-Marshland 15 spot,4" 0.34 4.12 Ba 140.120m 100 1.4 308A 12/15/70 kes B-Marshland SpWish 0.524.32 0.96 414E 5/27/71 Area B-Marshland Spotfish 0.14 4.62 1131,3002 230:1.0 liter 3.2 configuration j:
?
4;*
==
49 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 22sRa 232Th 137Cs N_t. tiber Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCl/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 487G 6/27/71 Area B-Marshland Spotfish,292 3.03 2.52 600 2 48 2 0.20 320 28 263J 10/6/70 Area C-Marshland Spotfish 0 22 3.9
- 270 2 2.1 200 396M 5/15/71 s rea C-Marshland Spotfish,32.
1.12 2.7 z 2700 2 withoutliquid 0.48 860 3%N 5/15/71 Area C-Marshland 396M with liquid 1.54 26 2 24002 Ru-106,2002 140 0.36 640 3960 5/15/71 Area C Marshland 3%N, ground 2.89 1.42 800 2 0.19 330 413E 5/27/71 Area B-Marshland Drumfish 0.204.22 6100 2-1.0 liter configuration 2.4 2300 428F 6/26/70 Area A-Marshland Sargassum 2.91 4.02 6802 1502 Zr-95,352 5 0.23 360 33 427F 6/26/71 Area B-Marshland Sargassum 2.83 3.52 1000 2 78 2 Zr 95,632 5; Ru.106,260s 85 0.23 360 32 378D 4/17/71 Area A-Marshland Pinfish.30 1.12322 1600 2 75 2 Zr 95,12210 O.48 860 73 485G 6/25/71 Area A-Marshland Pinfish,288 3.082.22 630 2 0.19 310 272K Fall /70 Area C Marshland I ladyfish,10" 0.12 42 2 K 40 only radionuclide 1
3.8 326A 1/2/71 Area A-Marshland Ladyfish Weight lost 331A 1/18/71 Area A-Marshland Drumfish 0.40 4.2 250 2 Zn-65,2202 210 1.2 180 268K 10/29/70 Area B.Marshland Spartina 0.92 4.4 m Zr 95,200216; Ru 106,15002 200 marshgrass 0.58 l
Table 2 CRITICAL INDIVIDUAL INTAKE 1
Component Size Servings / year Intake grams / day Mullet 6 oz.
96 45 Trout 6 oz.
60 27 Crab 3 oz.
15 3%
Shrimp 3 oz.
15 3%
Oysters 3 oz.
15 3%
l
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1 J
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l 4
i f
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3 3 k
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3 3
SURVEILLANCE OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE OF THE FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION, CRYSTAL RIVER SITE STATE OF FLORIDA Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Emmett Roberts, Secretary Department of Health and Rehabi!itative Services Dr. Chester L Nayfield, Administrator Radiological and Occupational Health Section Staff Wallace B. Johnson Benjamin P. Prewitt Jerry C. Eakins Robert G. Orth Paul E. Shuler M. Melinda Geda Lois F. Godwin
-.-*.._s.
--=mw-ww
-%,--=
53 PRE OPERATIONAL clides included in the above analyses are shown RADIOLOGICAL in Table 1.
SURVEILLANCE-CRYSTAL RIVER Table 1 RADIONUCLIDES INCLUDED The report included herein constitutes the IN GAMMA SPECTRUM ANALYSIS radiological surveillance conducted at Crystal PRIOR TO JANUARY 1,1972 River during the period January 1-June 30, 1972. This report was prepared on June 9, 9x9 Matrix 12x12 Matrix 1972 and includes data through May 31,1972.
Durin, this period the following samples Cesium 137 Cesium 137 e
were collected and analyzed:
iodine 131 lodine 131 No. Samoles Cerium 144 Cerium 144 Vector No. Sites Sampled to May 31 Potassium 40 Potassium 40 Vegetation 10 52 Manganese 54 Manganese 54 d Crops 1
1
[g Barium-Lanthanum 140 Barium-Lanthanum 140 Zirconium 95 Zirconium 95 nc 6 nc 65 rine Biota Seawater 5
12 Rahm 226 Surface Water 4
7 Thorium 232 Drinking Water 6
12 5
25 Minimum detectable activities of the above Air Particulates 5
53 radionuclides have been previously reported.
Air lodines 5
75 A review of information obtained from nvir nmen al Wotepon Agency around the Yankee Atom}ic Electric Company s
s Pr cipitation 2
10 271 facility at Rowe, Massachusetts
- indicated that several radionuclides should be added to the 1
Changes in the analytical scheme included the list for analysis. These were:
addition of activated charcoal cartridges to the Cobalt 58 five air particulates monitoring locations for Cesium 134 radioiodine sampling. These cartridges are col-Chromium 51 lected biweekly and analyzed on the 4x4 Nat The limitations imposed by our data handling
- Detector, method and the inherent error involved in the Previous data have been obtained using a simultaneous equation solution to the resolu-4x4 Nal Detector and a 1024 Channel Multi.
tion of complex spectra dictated that some ad-Channel Analyzer. The resolution of complex ditional equipment was essential.
sample spectra was accomplished utilizing a With the cooperation and support of Florida simultaneous equation solution to a 12x12 mat-Power Corporation and of Florida Power and rix. Because of limitations imposed by the use Light Company, a Hewlett Packard 5406 of an IBM 1401 computer with a four thousand Gamma Analysis System has been procured.
word memory (4000), this 12x12 matrix was The present system is configured as shown in
. reduced to a 9x9 matrix for all samples with the Figure 1, page 54.
exception of soil and silt samples. For soil and silt samples, a correction was made, by hand,
- Radiological Surveillance Studies at a Pressurized Water Nuclear Power Reactor (RD711) U. S. Environ-for the radium and thorium components, al' mental Protection Agency, National Environmental Re-though these data were not reported. Radionu-search Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4:
54 1
The software permits the fallowing operations:
The permissible number of standards in our A. Acquire two regions (256 channels 10 present program permits a standards group of Kev channel) of data; 14 radionuclides plus a background. The library,
. B. Transfer two regions of data to separate however, may include any group of 14 radio-region of core; nuclides for which standards are available and C. Resume acquisition in original regions, which have a suitable photon energy for gamma 4
AND spectroscopy.
D. Calculate a least squares best fit to the Effective July 1,1972 certain changes will sample spectrum utilizing a standards be made.n the analytical scheme. Wherever library of fourteen standard spectra plus possible g,oss analyses will be replaced by spe-t background spectrur.t:
cific radionuclide analyses.The specific changes E. Output nuclide concentrations, calcu-are outlined in Table 2, page 55. Gross beta lated error, goodness of fit number, sus-analyses of cabbage palm and palmetto will be pect channels.
retained due to the high levels of silicon in these organisms which interferes with strontium The advantages of such a system are manifold.
90 determination.
4 The principal advantage lies in the fact that manipulation of the data is possible before the sample is altered for other analyses. High resid-o.t.
ual activities in various channels of the spec-4=l*m.:
2 trum may indicate the presence of a radionu-clide which is not expected. This is a major source of error in the simultaneous equation vote.
sok tion since the solution presumes that all of EIr the interference factors in each channel are known.
Previous data on Cobalt 58-60 have been I'*iiri.e.
I'*iiri.e.
obtained using a chemical separation technique
- otDIIIDL, otDIAIEbr prior to counting. The expanded capability of l
the new gamma analyzer now permits this an-alysis as part of routine gamma scans.
^E!}!!.I
^!!!!.**
o Radionuclides which are routinely analyzed in this manner now include:
f Cesium 134 wi i-Cesium 137 1-lodine 131 Cerium 144 3
Potassium 40
' gard m%
Ruthenium 106 c=9=tu j
Manganese 54 ts = 1. mit wora.
Barium Lanthanum 140 Zirconium Niobium 95 f r.i.e,. [
Zinc 65 ne r
. Cobalt 58 I
l Cobalt 60 7,,,,,,,,,
Tap
l l
1 55 2
1 Table 2
~
CHANGES IN CRYSTAL RIVER SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL SCHEME Effective July 1,1972 Sites Frequency Analysis Biota Oysters 7
Q Gamma Sr 90 Fish 4
Q Gamma Sr 90 Crabs 1
Q Gamma Sr 90 Soit 10 SA Gamma Sr 90 Sitt 4
Q Gamma Sr 90 Sargassum 4
Q Gamma Sr90 Citrus 1
Q Gamma Sr 90 Palmetto 10 Q*
Gamma Gross Beta Seawater 4
Q Gamma Sr 90 H 3 Public Water Supply 4
Q Gamma Gross Beta H 3 Surface Water 4
Q Gamma Gross Beta H 3 Ground Water 2
Q Gemma Gross Beta H 3 Milk 1
Q Gamma Sr 90 Air Particulates 5
Bi-weekly Gross Beta Air lodines 5
Bi weekly Gamma Precipitation 2
M Gamma Gross Beta H 3 TLD 5
M
' Change from monthly frequency
56
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-35' O
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s DUNNELLON incus DA bFLORIDA POWER CORP.'t.
yd l
l C05 e 98 V
PLANT
/m *.
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' y s --1 FLORIDA DIVISION OF HEALTH RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING SITES-CRYSTAL RIVER
^
57 GAMMA BACKGROUND AND ACTIVITY IN AIR PARTICULATES GAMMA BACKGROUND TLD (MREM / HOUR)
Sampling Site 1 6-72 2-2 72 32072 4-18-72 5 2-72 Mean C C4
.022
.020
.013
.021
.022
.020 C 07
.021
.025
.013
.024
.024
.021 C 08
.021
.026
.015
.026
.021
.022 C 18
.026
.020
.018
.021
.022
.021 C 26
.040
.024
.022
.024
.035
.029 Mean
.026
.023
.016
.023
.025 AIR PARTICULATES Site 1-6-72 1 20-72 2272 21872 3-3 72 31772 C 04
<1 pCi/m3
<1 pCi/m3
<1 pCi/m3
<1 pC1/m3
<1 pCi/m3
<1 pCi/m3 C 07 C 08 C 18 C 26 Site 3 30-72 41472 5272 51972 C 04
< 1 pCi/m3
<1 pC1/m3
<1 pCi/m3
<1 pCi/m3 C 07 C 08 C 18 C 26 AIR IODINES Site 5-2 72 5 19-72 C 04 ND*
ND C 07 ND ND C 08 ND ND C 18 ND ND C 26 ND ND
'Non-detectable IST QUARTER PRECIPITATIONt pCi/1 Gross Beta Site 1672 2 3-72 3 17-72 C 07 ND (221)
ND (341)
ND (261)
C 18 ND (231)
ND (401)
ND (231) tArea of collector 0.4m2 PRECIPITATION pCl/l Tritium -
Site 2372 C 07
< 200 pCi/1 C 18
< 200 pCl/l l
l 58 VEGETATION AND SILT ZlRCONIUM 95 (pCl/kg Wet Weight)
Note: Data reported which are obtained from gamma Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
spectroscopy have been calculated utilizing the new "least squares" program. This program is still under C01
< 50 230 2 115
<50 development and these data are subject to review and CO2
< 50
<50
< 50 revision.
CO3
< 50
<50 C04
< 50 320 159
< 50 COG
<50
<50
< 50 C06
< 50
< 50
<50 VEGETATION C08 200 2 105
< 50
< 50 C09
< 50 280 2 114 180 119 GROSS BETA (pCi/kg Wet Weight)
C11
< 50
< 50 200 2 153 Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Mean C12
< 50 220 112 290 141 C01 6779 2404 4214 4466 CO2 5454 6586 6020 (C04) SAW PALMETTO (pCl/kg)
C03 5614 7095 4125 5611 C04 5884 3851 6804 5513 Nuclide Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
C05 9882 3648 3521 5684 C06 5442 5739 5122 5434 Gross Beta 1403 NA NA C08 6268 5164 4807 5413 Cs 137 260 34 NA NA C09 7775 6685 6664 7041 K 40 1800 579 NA NA C11 5629 4967 4922 5173 Zr 95 NA NA C12 6447 6772 7710 6976 Ra 226 320 98 NA NA Mean 6635 5178 5447 (C19) ORANGE (pCI/kg)
CESIUM 137 (pCl/kg Wet Weight)
Gross Beta NA 2000 NA Gross Alpha NA 210 NA Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
K 40 NA 620 NA Sr 90 NA NA NA C01
< 60 130 2 34
< 60 CO2 NA 2600 57 2900 61 N3 No analysis-laboratory accident 23 13 7*
23 000 C05 300 41 2100 55 1400 47 C06 460 35 5700 122 3700 83 SILT C08 120 32 120 42 94 33 C09 110 44 60 110 36 GROSS BETA (pCi/kg)
C11 60 60 210 45 C12 540 35 140 M 290 43 Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Mean 316 1270 1306 C01
- < MDA C09 NA No Analysis C13
- Stranger C14 6231 K 40 (pCl/kg Wet Weight)
GROSS ALPHA (pCi/kg)
Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
C01 7230 C09 10338 C01 7400 2 437 2300 2 550 4300 549 C13 6944 CO2 5000 960 6500 1047 C14 18964 C03 6200 519 8600 2814 4700 1015 C04 6400 643 3900 825 7900 1178 C05 10000 701 3100 874 3400 746 K 40 (pCl/kg)
C06 5300 559 4200 2070 4900 1406 C08 6700 554 5400 671 5200 534 C01
< 390 C09 9200 774 8600 596 7700 628 C09
< 390 C11 6100 476 3700 588 5300 727 C13
< 390 C12 7400 609 7300 586 8700 742 C14
<390 Mean 7189 5210 5860
- < MDA i
59 CERIUM 144 (pCi/kg)
GROSS ALPHA Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
C01
< 200 C01 7906 C09
<200 CO2 14876 C13
<200 CO3 11624 C14
<200 C04 ND C05 11534 C06 37727 THORIUM 232 (pCl/kg)
C08 ND D
Col 410 71 D
C09 380 52 C12 20910 C13
<100 C14 420
- 94 N D - non-detectable RADIUM 226 (pCl/kg)
Col 2100 2 174 WATER C09 1700 188 C13 1400 141 SURFACE WATER C14 3900 338 Site SOIL (pCi/kg)
C15 All radionuclides were below the mifmum C16 detectable activity including Tritium < 200 CESIUM 137 C17 pCl/l C01
< 40 CO2
< 40 C03 185 2 23 WELL WATER C04 400 37 C05 320 17 C07 C06 960 46 CIO C08
< 40 C18 All radionuclides were belea the minimum C09
< 40 C22 detectable activity includirg Tritium < 200 C11
< 40 C23 pC1/1 C12 80 20 C24 THORIUM 232 SEAWATEM C01
<100 GROSS BETA (pCi/1)
CO2 400 45 CO3 280 49 Site Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
C04
<100 C05 420 2 55 C01 149 C06 220 77 C08 26 C08 240 33 C09 228 C09
<100 C11 320 (1)
C11 150 2 29 C12 19 C12 460 66 C13 500 (2)
C14 399 (3)
RADIUM 226 (1)
K 40 320 112 (2)
K 40 420 107 C01
<200 (3)
K 40 440 108 CO2 1800 168 CO3 1400 118 All other radionuclides were below the minimum detect-able activity including Tritium < 200 pC1/1 C06 1400 239 C08 950 116 C09 760 118 C11 650 93 C12 2300 236
l 3
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i SURVEILLANCE REPORT PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT George R. McCall Staff Mrs. Russell Hobbs The following data are a summary of air monitor-ing results and rainfall collections taken in St.
Petersburg, Florida for the period January-June, 1972.
The approximate air volume on which the determinations are based was 2100 cubic meters for the 48-hour sampling periods and 3100 cubic meters for 72 hour8.333333e-4 days <br />0.02 hours <br />1.190476e-4 weeks <br />2.7396e-5 months <br /> periods. The counting equipment consists of a thin end window (2mg/
cm2) Geiger Mueller tube coupled with a Packard Mod. 410A scaler-timer system. On each occa-sion, the instrument is standardized against a 32,000 pci Strontium-90 calibration source of dimensions identical to the air filters.
i 1
~~
~
J -
63 PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RADIATION SURVEILLANCE QUARTERLY REPORT Jan.1 - Mar. 31,1972 DATE AIR RAINFALL REMARKS Gross Beta Activity (mm)
(pCI/m3) 1/3 0.266 0
1/5 0.078 0
1/7 0.0287 0
1/10 0.174 0
1/12 0.114 0
1/14 0.0869 0
1/17 1.805 11.00 mm 1/19 0.27 0
1/21 0.22 0
1/24 0.22 0
1/26 0.148 0
1/28 0.237 37.7 mm 1/31 0.084 0.977 mm 2/2 0.201 93.98 mm 2/4 0.146 28.00 mm 2/7 0.25 0
2/9 0.149 49.00 mm 2/11 0.164 4.65 mm 2/14 0.137 0
2/16 0.307 2.495 mm 2/18 0.1235 9.8 mm 2/21 0.16 0
2/23 0.264 0
2/25 0.165 0
2/28 0.145 0
3/1 0.219 0
3/3 0.051 12.85 mm 3/6 0.112 2.825 mm 3/8 0.20 0
3/10 0.194 0
3/13 0.184 0
- NOTE on 3/29/72: A very 3/15 0.174 0
radioactive particle was 3/17 0.097 5.65 mm deposited on the filter. The 3/20 0.057 16.5 mm count rate over the particle 3/22 0.11 0
was 78 times higher than 3/24 0.179 0
over the filter area exclud-3/27 0.208 0
ing the particle. Including 3/29 0.603*
O the particle, the concentra-3/30 0.113 0
tion would have been 48 3/31 0.047 44.45 mm pCi/m3 I
George R. McCall Public Health Physicist, Division of Radiological & Occupational Health
64 PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RADIATION SURVEILLANCE QUARTERLY REPORT Apr.1 - June 30,1972 DATE AIR RAINFALL REMARKS (1972)
Gross Beta Activity (mm)
(pCi/m3) 4/3 0.187 0
4/5 0.131 0
4/7 0
- Power Failure 4/10 0.667 2.95 mm 4/12 0.309 0
4/14 0.36*
0
- Hot spot,6x average 4/17 0.466*
0
- Hot spot,5x average 4/19 0284 0
4/21 0.250 0
4/24 0.274 0
4/26 0.257 0
4/28 0.264 0
5/1 0.347 14.90 mm 5/3 0.289 0
5/5 0.263 13.625 mm 5/8 0.211 16.50 mm 5/10 0.328 4.675 mm 5/12 0.294 58.42 mm overflowed 5/15 0.122 6.4 mm 5/17 0.191 4.275 mm 5/19 0.115' O
- Motor Failure, accuracy 5/22 0.292 0
uncertain 5/24 0.297 0
5/26 0.339 0
5/29 0.098 7.75 mm 5/31 0.108 0
6/02 0.292 0
6/5 0.268 0
6/7 0.318 0
6/9 0.378 0
6/12 0.193 16.4 mm 6/14 0.237 4.72 mm 6/16 0.137 6/19 0.051 53.3 mm 6/21 0.107 8.5 mm 6/23 0.143 6/26 0.091 3.55 mm 6/28 0.147 6/30
- 0.221 George R. McCall Public Health Physicist, Division of Radiological & Occupational Health
i 65 i s P
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66
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2 Ju INVESTIGATION AT THE ANCLOTE POWER Pl. ANT SITE University of South Florida, Marine Science Institute Principal Investigator Dr. Ronald C. Baird Co-Investigators Dr. Kendall L Carder Dr. Thomas L. Hopkins Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Dr. Harold J. Humm l
I I
67 INTRODUCTION this " survival" is in a more or less healthy state.
The Anclote Environmental Project Annual Re-
- 5. The range of transmissivity measured in the port for 1971 has been prepared for publica-deeper waters of Anclote Anchorage was be-tion and will appear shortly. A summary of the tween 50 and 80%T/10cm. Periods of unusual major results to date and subsequent recom-biological activity (plankton blooms) and/or mendations is included in this progress report.
weather conditions result in a net lowering of in addition an outline of future objectives for the optical quality of the water. The most trans-the Anclote Environmental Project are included parent water was observed over grass flats which summarize the major stud!ss now being especially those adjacent to Bailey's Bluff on pursued.
the northern edge of the study area. The lowest Of particular interest is the preparation of measured transmissivity in the area of the pro-a series of technical reports on the systematics posed outfall was 30%T/10cm, or approxi.
and ecology of seagrasses including a compre-mately 25 JTU.
hensive bibliography. This information will pro-
- 6. The season of highest rainfall at Anclote vide vital background information to other sub-extended from July to mid October and resulted disciplines within the project and to the envi-in reduced surface salinities in the Anchorage ronmental group of the Florida Power Corpor-from August through November, a period when ation.
most of the annual nutrient load is carried into adjacent coastal waters.
- 7. The Anchorage fills predominantly from the EXCERPTS FROM W S.W. with river water flowing into the north basin ( pp site Bailey's Bluff) primarily during ANCLOTE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT flood tide. The latitude line 28 12' closely ap-REPORT 1971 proximates the convergence-divergence " dead water line" separating that portion of the Anchorage being emptied and filled by the
SUMMARY
north versus south flow around Anclote Key.
- 8. Water temperature in 1971 reached a maxi.
- 1. Methods have been developed to map and mum in August and was similarat river, Anchor-monitor major bottom habitats using aerial age, and Gulf stations, with the river slightly photographic techniques. For the first time a warmer in most months of the year.
reliable map of the extent of seagrass beds is
- 9. Salinity, nutrients, water color, and chloro-available for Anclote Anchorage.
phyll indicate that river water moves into the
- 2. Transmissivity and total suspended sadi-Anchorage to the northwest alor.g the north ment load were found to correspond best to river channel and over the adjacent grass flats.
tidal current and speed.
- 10. Dissolved organic carbon was negatively
- 3. Sediments in the area of the proposed dis-correlated with salinity and positively correlated charge canal range from moderately well sorted with water color in the wet season. The latter to poorly sorted, medium to coarse sands.
relationship suggests that much of the DOC
- 4. Study of the Howard Park area suggests brought in with runoff is made up of the tea-that seagrasses may survive a dredging opera-colored matter so conspicuous in the Anclote tion or re-colonize a filled area if the combina-and many other Florida rivers. Strong negative tion of waves, currents, and sediment grain correlations of water color and silicate with size does not lead to continual, long term re-salinity were noted.
suspension of bottom materials. However the
- 11. The Spartina marshes and Tarpon Springs lack of information about pre construction con-sewage plant located between Alternate 19 and ditions does not allow conclusions as to whether Highway 19 bridges may contribute significantly
1 68 to the nutrient load and relatively low oxygen evidenced by catches of better than 1000 kg/
concentrations in this section of the river. These catch from a small tidal bayou near the plant conditions were not found further downstream.
construction site.
- 12. The Anclote River has intermediate levels
- 18. Fish abundance and distribution show of nutrients and chlorophyll in comparison to marked changes with season, tidal cycle, and other Florida estuaries. It is suggested that as time of day (day night). Catch per unit effort the river basin becomes urbanized, eutrophica-figures were considerably higher for grass beds tiori of the river will significantly increase. Be than for other areas regardless of conditions or cause of the rapid flushing with gulf water, gear used. The fall and spring months were eutrophication will be less apparent in the highest in terms of species and biomass caught Anchorage.
per unit of effort.
- 13. Four najor se7 grass zonee are apparent in
- 19. Commercial species represent 22% of all the Anclota Anchorage from inshore to offshore species caught and were often abundant. Sharks and are characterized by a change in the domi-were numerous in Anclote Anchorage especially nant seagrass species. These are: a littoral during the summer and fall.
Diplanthera zone; a Thalassia dominant zone; a Syringodium dominant zone, and a second FUTURE OBJECTIVES outer Diplanthera zone.
- 14. It is estimated that over 90% of all ben.
Within the project framework as conceived, thic algal species growing in the Ancicte area future objectives will shift in emphasis from occur as seagrass epiphytes. Sixty five species detailed environmental description (though of benthic algal epiphytes were observed on much remains to be done), to the following seagrasses from January to August,1971, areas:
- 15. Luminescent bacteria made up about 10%
a) integration of data from all sources, includ-of the total aerobic, heterotrophic bacterial ing the application of computer techniques for population in suspension in the water at An-data analysis and retrieval, in order tn begin to clote. The highest population-occurred around understand the structural components and the river mouth during the warmest tempera-energy dynamics of the Anclote environmental turas (20 30*C). Luminescent bacterial growth system as a whcle; is stimulated by organic matter from the river b) to monitor perturbations in the environment, at salinities above 15 o/oo.
especially those due to power plant construc-
- 16. An investigation of a shallow water sea-tion and operation; grass bed near the proposed power plant intake
- 1) initiation of a study of the existing Florida canal revealed:
Power Corporation plant at Weedon Island, a) Sediment temperature 10 cm below the Tampa Bay will help provide a basis of corr-surface ranged from 11' to 31*C. while surface parison with Anclote and a lead time for esti-salinity varied between 10 and 31 o/oo.
mating areas of major change; b) The dominant seagrass (Diplanthera)
- 2) continued monitoring for long term showed marked seasonality in growth and leaf changes and the extent and degree of recovery biomass (iowest in March, highest in July).
from man made perturbations; c) Faunal components included commerci-c) evaluation of the importance and relevance of ally important pink shrimp (Penaeus) and blue various types of data for environmental studies crabs (Callinectes) in quantity. The fauna was particularly those which might be indicators of characterized by high biomass and abundance change; of organisms yet low species diversity (few d) continual evaluation and standardization of species),
sampling and recording methods:
- 17. High densities of fish biomass occur over e) develop predictive models of the effects of small areas of an estuarine environment as perturbations on ecological parameters; me.-.
.w,y 4y,
69 f) provide guidelines for future power plant
- 6) investigation of the effects of tempera-construction including pre site selection envi-ture and currents on seagrass beds.
ronmental surveys which are critical to the eco-c) The continuation and expansion of studies logical evaluation process.
of the biological or5anization at Anclote par-ticularly that of grass bed areas in order to While the broadly outlined areas of emphasis understand and evaluate possible environmen-stated above serve as a guidepost, there are tal impact. Areas of emphasis include:
more specific tactical objectives to be initiated
- 1) assessment of plankton abundance and or completed during the coming year. These distribution especially in the Anchorage; include in particular:
- 2) investigation of the abundance and diver-a) The development and refinement of a nu-sity of benthic invertebrates and fishes partic-merical circulation and thermal dispersion utarly those in grass bed areas near the out-model which involves:
flow channel;
- 1) obtaining initial and boundary value
- 3) initiation of a study of energy transfer meteorological and tidal data as input to and through biological systems at Anclote partic-calibration of the models; ularly tophic studies of fishes and benthic
- 2) modifying the model to describe other invertebrates; parameters; the initial ones being salinity, water
- 4) assessment of the role of shallow water color, and turbidity; tidal embayments on fish biomass and pro-
- 3) obtaining transmissivity, water color, and duction; turbidity data for initial input and calibration;
- 5) development and assessment of tech-
- 4) use the suspended load (turbidity) model niques for sampling benthic invertebrates and as input to a model to predict depth of light fishes which includes gear types and sources of penetration and the euphotic zone; sampling bias;-
- 5) use of the sediment dispersion model to
- 6) distribution and taxonomy of benthic help predict erosion, sedimentation, and water algae of the area other than seagrass epiphytes.
turbidity patterns.
l b) The continuation and expansion of a study RECOMMENDATIONS of the seagrass beds in order to predict and understand any environmental impact from A revised plan for fuel delivery to the Anclote power plant construction and operation which power plant has resulted in a considerable re-includes:
duction in environmental impact as the over.
- 1) assess the effect of reduced light (from land delivery by pipeline avoids the dredge turbid water) on grass beds by means of shad-and fill of 2.5 million cubic yards of bottom ing experiments; sediments. However, the non-diked discharge
- 2) investigation of the relationships among canal configuration with attendant possibilities present seagrass distribution and density and of increased suspended sediments. especially sediment parameters; during dredging, and of sediment erosion and
- 3) investigation of the spectral distribution thermal discharge onto adjacent shallow water of light and the effect of various mineralogies grass beds, remains as a potential source of and grain sizes of suspended sediments on light environmental impact. Should the dredging as available at the bottom; now proposed be approved, it is recommended
- 4) provision for and evaluation of realistic that stringent controls be employed to reduce turbidity standards as regards seagrasses; turbidity.
- 5) examination of the role of algal epi-The lowest measured transmissivity in the phytes in seagrass bed production and the area of the proposed discharge is 30%T/10cm changes in epiphyte diversity and abundance corresponding to maximum turbidity of approxi-seasonally and in response to reduced light; mately 25 JTU. Although available field data
70 are fewer than desired and usually contain a
- 2) Closely monitor the effects of erosion,
" fair weather" bias, there is detailed information current velocity, and thermal discharge on ad-at weekly intervals in July and part of August, jacent grass beds and associated fauna and during the growing season, and a survey in flora from the open discharge canal and be December. Therefore,25 JTU is probably repre-prepared to correct such damage if at all pos-sentative of a value near the maximum turbidity sible. (Recommendations concerning effluent which normally occurs for long periods of time temperature were made assuming discharge and which is not the result of s..c4 9eriod into the Anchorage at a depth of 7 feet or phenomena, greater in a completely contained system with-A 30%T/10cm transmissivity (25 JTU) out spillage over the side.)
means that the light irradiance at a depth of one meter is only 0.00059% of its value at the GENERAL RECOMMENDATION surface. Assuming compensation depth (respira-tion = photosynthesis) to be that depth having Recent water shortages in many areas of west 1% of the surface irradiance, at 25 JTU the Florida emphasize the current and future crisis light level at 3 feet will be less than 0.1% of in fresh water supply. We recommend that the compensation value. Presently little is known Florida Power Corporation and other public.
about the recovery rate or means of compensa-utilities investigate the possibilities of desalin-tion for seagrasses essentially devoid of light ization and waste water treatment in conjunc-for extended periods. Little is also known about tion with future plans for generation of elec-the additional stress sedimentation causes and tricity. The recent study by Hammerschlag and its eject on grass bed recovery rates, or about Rose (1971) should be consulted for innovative long term effects of sediment erosion and ther-approachos to these and other combinations of mal discharge directly onto adjacent seagrass power plant with desirable users of excess heat.
beds. All of these problems will be studied during the coming years but until the data are available the following is recommended:
- 1) Every effort be made to prevent water of turbidity greater than 25 JTU from overrid.
Reference:
Hammerschlag, D. and V. C. Rose.1971.
acent seagrass beds for extended periods Nuclear energy for a new town. Final Report for Office Ing adj.
of Water Resources Research Project B-o22 R.I., Uni-of time (24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />).
versity of Rhode Island. 60 pp.
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OF RECREATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL MARINE ACTIVITIES PAST AND PRESENT AT CRYSTAL RIVER, FLORIDA Candeub, Fleissig and Associates 1
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73 INTRODUCTION Tarpon has generally not been noticed in Crystal Bay since 1965 but there are signs Purpose that this giant sportfish may return. (Article by The purpose of this study is to establish base T. Bonsall, " Salt Water Sportsman," May, line data for the evaluation of possible future 1972). Oyster fishing is partly banned in Crys-changes in those recreational and commercial tal Bay due to the Crystal River pollution.
marine oriented activities which may become affected by the operation of Crystal River Unit Methodology
- 3. Secondarily, as the compiled data cover a For the purpose of this study a number of period of about ten years, it is possible to study activities which presently occur along the Sun the related implications - if any - of the Coast have been evaluated as existing or poten-existing power plants which were in commer-tial Crystal River Area activities. The limited cial operation by October 15th, 1966 and number of activities for which data are available November 29th,1969 respectively.
have been related to the general area economy in terms of sigi.ificance.
Study Area Studies of temperatures and currents in the
- 1. POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES discharge area indicate that the thermal effects are basically limited to the area between the The following commercial and recreational ac-northern bank of the intake Canal and the tivities which presently occur in the Sun Coast Cross Florida Barge Canal spoil banks. (Uni-area are related - more or less - to the versity of South Florida, Marine Science Insti-discharge of warm water from power plants:
tute). Nevertheless, data for the biota related commercial and recreational activities are not A. Primary Relationship available for a smaller area than the Crystal fishing (fin, shell-and sponge-)
Bay between Crystal River and the Cross Florida boating Barge Canal.
boat service, fuel, equipment and marinas The recreational and commercial activities boat rental, charter in the Crystal River area derive their major fishing guides qualities from other waterbodies than the ones fishing bait affected by the operation of the power plants, fishing tackle and equipment namely Crystal Bay and Homosassa Bay. How-seafood wholesale ever, the slightly higher water temperatures in seafood industry the discharge canal area and the spoil banks weed harvesting attract fish and fishermen alike particularly Fishing and boating are difficult to separate.
during the winter months. Local, professional However, it is assumed that pleasure boating fishermen indicate that this is probably not such as sailing and racing is not affected by providing an increase in the amount of fish thermal stress.
available but rather a redistribution of the fish.
B. Secondary Relationship Area Characteristics hotels, motels The major commercially harvested seafood in restaurants, cocktail lounges the area is black mullet (lisa). Blue crabs, stone camping crabs and bait shrimp are also commercially picnics important. Other species caught in the area boat sales include crevalle, red drum, groupers, spotted hunting sea trout and sea bass. Some of these items These accommodations are only partially re-are mostly sought by sportsmen.
lated to thermal stress.
74 C. Unrelated Activities Ill. SIGNIFICANCE OF ACTIVITIES swimming diving The economic significance of changes in the waterskiing existing co.nmercial and recreational activities surfing shou!d be viewed against changes caused by boat racing several actions. The operation of the power trailing plants in only one of tne actions which may second homes cause alterations in these water oriented activi-settling ties. The following factors may prove to be of equal importance:
the disposal of sanitary sewer wastes
- 11. CURRENT AREA ACTIVITIES the spreading of chemicals to reduce sea-weeds A. Primary Relationship the spraying of chemicals to reduce the
- 1. Commercial amount of mosquitos fishing the construction of the Cross Florida Barge boat service, fuel, equipment Canal.
boat rental, charter Local tishermen indicated in interviews that guiding they have noticed certain changes in Crystal fishing bait sales River and Crystal Bay during the latest 510 fishing tackle and equipment years:
seafood wholesale the amount of smaller fish is reduced at seafood industry times when the protective weeds have been
- 2. Recreational removed fishing the amount of trash fish (gumbo) has in-boating creased in Crystal Bay to a level where it touring (with boat) reduces the catches of bait shrimp the currents have changed as a resuit of it is being assumed that boating and touring the construction of the barge canals and include fishing as the major activity.
the spoil banks.
The seasonal variations are very important in B. Secondary Relationship the area. It should be noted that the tourist
- 1. Commercial activities are lower during the summer period hotels, motels when the waters are naturally the highest in restaurants, cocktail lounges temperature.
camping provisions The following Graph No.1, illustrates the i
boat sales relationship between personal income, revenues l
- 2. Recreational and the total value of fish landings in Citrus l
hunting County. The value of the fish landings, includ-l enjoying accommodations ing bait shrimp, is lower than the County revenues and very small compared with the total Skin diving is presently a major commercial personal income of the County residents.
and recreational activity in Crystal River. The Graph number 2 illustrates the relationship reason for this is the clear spring water in the between boat registration, fish landings and river which is estimated to be fed with visiting tourists for the period 19601970, a 600,000,000 gal. of water per day. However, period which includes the commercial opera-this part of Crystal River is totally unrelated to tion of the two electrical generating units.
the thermal stress from the Crystal River Plants.
As can be seen in the two graphs, there is
75 no indication of any interaction between the
- 1. The average Florida tourist spends $21 illustrated items and the starts of the two per day, stays 12.5 days and lists the existing power plants.
climate as the primary reason for coming.
Source: Florida Department of Commerce.
IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
- 2. 31% of the tourists come to Florida with the primary purpose to go fishing.
The base line data have been established as Source: J.L. McQuigg.
indicated in the tables and notes in the follow-
- 3. Among Florida residents,42.5% go fish-ing appendices.
ing regularly and 31.3% go boating reg-Based on the compiled data the marine ularly. Residents spend an average of oriented activities of the area have not been 14 days per year on the waters.
adversely affected by the commercial operation Source: Florida State Recreation Com.
of Units 1 and 2. On the contrary, the indicated mission.
increase of fish in the discharge canal and spoil
- 4. Bait shrimp corresponds to 1/4th of the bank area should be noted as a positive influ-total bait business.
ence in terms of fishing activities.
Source: J.L. McQuigg.
V. APPENDICES B. Bibliography
- 1. " Citrus County Cornprehensive Plan". Citrus A. Data County Commission and Candeub, Fleissig and The following activities are recorded for Citrus Associates County:
- 2. " Crystal River Comprehensive Plan". Crystal
- 1. Fish landings (Florida Board of Conser-River Council and Candeub, Fleissig and Asso-vation, Saltwater Fisheries Division, ciates Marine Fisheries Research)
- 3. Coast and geodetic survey maps for the Crys-
- 2. Boat registrations (Florida State Depart-tal River area. U.S. Department of Commerce ment of Natural Resources)
- 4. "The Gulf and Rivers of Citrus County".
The following data have been derived from more Citrus County Commissioners. (map) general sources:
- 5. " Map of West Citrus County" Suncoast
- 3. Number of visiting tourists Springs Chamber of Commerce
- 4. Number of service units
- 6. Aerial photos, Crystal River Area,1969.
The following tables concern County population,
- 7. " Discover Citrus County". Citrus County income and public revenues:
Chamber of Commerce
- 5. Population in Citrus County and Crystal
- 8. " Florida's Outdoor Wonderland". Citrus River County Chamber of Commerce
- 6. Personal income in Citrus County
- 9. " Port Citrus Area". Citrus County Port Au-
- 7. Citrus County revenues.
thority Data, other than the tabulated, are not available
- 10. " Statistical Evaluation Report". Suncoast from public sources, at leist not for a consecu-Springs Chamber of Commerce tive number of years. An attempt was made to
- 11. " Florida Statistical Abstract",1972. Uni-collect facts from private sources such as versity of Florida tishermen and marina owners, but the avail-
- 12. "Welcome to Suncoast Springs Area". Sun-able figures-if any at all-were not relevant coast Springs Chamber of Commerce or comparable.
- 13. "Telephor.e Directory", 1960-1972. Florida However, with the help of the following Telephone Corporation data it is possible to arrive at some general
- 14. " Florida Tourist Study",1970. Florida De conclusions about the significance of water-partment of Commerce oriented activities:
- 15. " Salt Water Sportsman", May,1972.
76
- 32. " Florida Trend", April 1969. April 1972.
of Commerce
- 33. "A Proposed System of Aquatic Preserves".
- 17. " Personal Income in Florida,1967." Univer.
Trustees of the Internal improvement Fund sity of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Busi-ness Research C. Interviews and Field Survey
- 18. " Environmental Status Report", July, During the two field trips which were done for August, September, October, November, Decem-the purpose of collecting data for this study, ber,1971. Florida Power Corporation discussions took place with many residents,
- 19. " Natural Resource Study". Pinellas Plan-businessmen, agency representatives and fisher-ning Council,1968 men in the Crystal River area. All the existing
- 20. " Forms and Appearances Study". Tampa marinas, parks and major service establish-Bay Regional Planning Council,1968 ments including some in Levy County, Homo-
- 21. " Shoreline Resource Development". Tampa sassa and Homosassa Springs were visited.
Bay Regional Planning Council,1972 Following are some of the persons who were
- 22. "The Economic Value of Florida's Estuarine interviewed:
Areas". John L. McQuigg at Pine Jog Environ-Mr. Reynold P. Fennell, Executive Secretary mental Sciences Center, May 6,1971 for Suncoast Springs Chamber of Commerce
- 23. "An Ecological Review of Our Southwest Mr. Chester Head, Marine Science Station, Shores". Greater Vancouver Regional District Crystal River Planning Department,1970 Mrs. Janet G. H od, City Clerk, Crystal River
- 24. "The Florida Handbook, 1971-1972". Allen Mr. Randy Lrdord. Tampa, Regional Plan-Morris ning Counci', 31. Petersburg
- 25. "McClane's Standard Fishing Encyclopedia Mr. J.D. Trotter, Realtor and fisherman, and international Angling Guide",1965 Homosassa Springs
- 26. " Fisheries of the U.S.1970" U.S. Depart-Mr. Thomas Wilson, Bait Shrimp Entre-ment of Commerce preneur
- 27. " Boats Registered in 1963 1971". Florida Representatives fo the following enterprises Department of Natural Resources and agencies wei so interviewed:
- 28. " State of Florida County Finances". Florida Pete's Pier, Inc., Crystal River State Comptroller, (1960-1971)
Scuba Diving Caverns Crystal River
- 29. " Summary of Florida Commcreial Marine Bureau of Marine Fisheries, St. Petersburg Landings". Florida Board of Conservation, Salt-Crystal River Seafood, Crystal River water Fisheries Division, Marine Fisheries Re-Knox Bait House, Crystal River search.
The following persons have been acting as
- 30. Florida Almanac,1972.
representatives for Florida Power Corporation:
- 31. Census of Population, U.S. Bureau of Cen-Mr. Kenneth W. Prest, Jr.
sus,1970.
Mr. Clyde H. Stagner
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Table 1 FISH LANDINGS, CITRUS COUNTY Year Fish Pounds Fish Dollar Shellfish Lbs.
Shellfish $
Bait Shrimp Lbs.
Bait Shrimp $
1970 1,539,000 183,150 3,576,370 298,550 12,122,000 187,266 1969 1,607.660 152,860 2,893,346 319,321 7,824,500 89,078 1968 2,155,750 214,830 1,613,806 159,303 10.413,450 124,297 1967 1,311,700 139,300 2.320,802 183,620 8,079,000 88,746 1966 1,394,120 136,300 3,048,400 193,487 549,550 9,192 1965 1,226.711 101,828 3,819,529 266,676 96,947 2,669 1964 1,614,411 123,145 3,134,374 202,585 3,826,615 43,056 1963 1,588,500 105,198 1,882,400 107,204 3,113,030 39,242 1962 1,639,180 129,008 63,599 21,932 none none 1961 1,376,375 106,118 93,760 28,218 none none 1960 1,115,041
. 97,375 139,384 48,096 none none Source: Florida Board of Conservation: Saltwater Fisheries Division, Marine Fisherias Research
78 Table 2 Table 3 BOATS REGISTERED, UTRUS COUNTY ESTIMATED NUMBER OF VISITING TOURISTS Commercial Pleasure Grand Total Visiting the Year Boats Boats All Boats Year Visiting Florida Citrus County Coast 1970 1971 792 1,431 2,223 1970 2.s,151,698 33,846 1969 1970 818 1,195 2,013 1969 21,965,910 31,900 1968 20,035,469 29,200 1968 1969 774 1,094 1,871 1967 19,492,503 28,500 1967 1968 780 959 1,739 1966 17,948,980 26,150 1966 1967 859 833 1,692 1965 16 S63,687 23,400 N',h h,
1965 1966 878 695 1,553 1964 1965 777 598 1,375 1962 13,010 389 19,000 1963 1964 840 584 1,424 1961 12,840,230 18,800 1960 10,794,842 15,800 Source: State of Florida:
Department of Natural Resources Source: " Florida Tourist Study 1970, Florida Depart-ment of Commerce.
The estimation of visitors to Citrus County is based on an estimation from 1970. The years 1960 1969 were derived from the 1970-rate of total visitors to Florida.
Table 4 NUMBER OF SERVICE UNITS RELATED TO FISHING AND WATERUSE IN CRYSTAL RIVER 1967 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
- 1. FISHING AND BOATING SERVICES 12 12 16 18 25 24 23 27 29 34 29 (26)
- 2. ACCOMMODATIONS (for Tourists) 66 61 63 62 70 74 75 71 67 66 68
- 3. COMMERCIAL FISH 4
4 4
4 4
4 5
5 7
6 6
(7)
OTHER ECON. INDICATORS 33 36 38 39 41 45 39 46 46 44 47 TOTAL - 1,2,3 82 77 83 84 99 102 103 103 103 106 103 Source: Crystal River Telephone Directory Florida Telephone Corporation, Ocala Fishing and Boating Services include:
Commercial Fish includes:
boat rental and charter fish and seafood wholesale fishing bait seafood fishing parties - deep sea fishing tackle -
Other Economic Indicators include:
guide service, fishing guices real estate (sales) marinas service stations, gas and oil marine equipment and supply outboard motors Accommodations include:
campgrounds fishing camps cocktail lounges hotels motels restaurants tourists camps bort sales
79 ale 5 Table 6 pCPULATION IN CITRUS COUNTY AND CRYSTAL RIVER PERSONAL INCOME IN CITRUS COUNTY Year Citrus County Crystal River Year Total Income Per Capita income 1940 5.846 927 1960 10,771,000 1,111 1950 6,111 1,026 1966 17,600,000 1,285 1960 9,268 1,423 1967 21,071,000 1,561 1970 19,196 1,696 1968 29,600.000 1972 21,600 1969 33,800,000 1,822 1975 24,700 Source: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 1980 30,000 University of Florida (1960,1966,1967). Florida De-E' "'" U
- '# I Sources: U.S. Census 1940 1970. Estimations: Florida Department of Commerce.
Table 7 CITRUS COUNTY REVENUES All Source Boat All Co.
County Year Receipts Receipts Rec. Rec.
Sour. Rec.
Uc.
Texas Disbursements 1971 1,450,795 426,955 2,030 1,008,277 4,371 753,672 24,376 1970 1,153,412 367,772 1,801 770,085 7,230 572,660 38,525 1969 1,068,162 284,290 1,566 766,074 20,610 532,971 3,863 1968 1,029,075 294,020 1,415 724,236 9,740 498,309 2.867 602,777 10,000 502,645 1967 853,217 250,440 1966 2,263,285 243,083 2.020,202 1,240 556,272 7,884*
This year a 1965 (640,561) 1,358,000 bond 1964 673,617 197,755 475,862 6,910 394,791 1,154 1963 645,528 178,944 446,583 6,916 386,643 3,230 1962 1961 596,941 164,781 432,160 6.062 366,959 899 1960 465,581 158,848 306,733 5,296 252,870 1,000 Source: State of Florida: Comptroller's Report of County Finances and County Fee Officers
' Recreation only 1960-1966
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M %)i il ENVIRONMENTAL ;
AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Kenneth W. Prest, Jr.
Environmental Affairs Section Generation Environmental & Regulatory Affairs Department Florida Power Corporation Paper presented at the thirty sixth annual meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences Symposium " Biological Effects of Electric Power Generation" April,1972 Rollins College Winter Park, Florida l
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SCIENTIFIC INTEREST in the response of to successful licensing, engineering, construc-natural ecosystems to the stresses of industrial tion and operation of power plants.
growth is certainly not new. However, direct
- 11. Utilize the knowledge gained for develop-industrial participation in the support of such ing Environmental Reports and thus implement-research is becoming increasingly significant ing the reality of environmentally compatible since the promulgation of the National Environ-electric power generation.
mental Policy Act of 1969, commonly known 111. Communicate the Company's environ-as NEPA.
mental activities to the g?neral public, conser-The purposes of this Act are:
vation groups, scientific community and govern-
- 1. to declare a national policy which will mental agencies, in order to promote under-encourage productive and enjoyable harmony standing of industrial environmental interrela-between man and nature; tionships.
- 2. to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and bio-ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH sphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; The role of the environmental research in elec-
- 3. to enrich the understanding of the eco-tric power generation must be oriented to the logical systems and natural resources important evaluation and resolution of environmental prob-to the nation; and lems in a realistic and systematic manner. With-
- 4. to es*ablish a council on Environmental out this predetermined structure the benefits Quality.
of environmental improvement m9ht ba delayed in response to the intent of NEPA, reflected or not recognized. The establishment of intra-in the subsequent requirements of such Federal company management of research programs Agencies as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers offers the potential opportunity for most readily and the Atomic Energy Commission, the power identifying and resolving environmental prob-company is challenged to present a responsible lems. The manner and objectives with which perspective of environmental awareness which such research is conducted is most important reflects a comprehensive understanding of the to achieve this potential opportunity.
economic, sociological and ecological implica-First, the orientation and investigation of tions of its proposed actions. An integral aspect environmental problems must minimize subjec-in the development of this perspective is the tive value clashes for minimum productivity.
function of environmental research. Such re-Man must be viewed as an integral aspect of search programs must be based on realistic and the Ecology. Thus, following the guidance of systematic procedures to enable the company to NEPA, environmental alteration associated with make a resgnsible contribution toward improv-the construction ar:d operation of power plants ing the quality of the environment and realizing is evaluated in the perspective of the " Human the benefits of its environmental investments.
Environment". Research then becomes a tool During June,1970, the Florida Power Cor-used to understand the means for enhancing or poration established a Generation Environmen-preserving the quality of this environment. In tal and Regulatory Affairs Department wi'hin using this W VM importance and value of the which the Environmental Affairs Section has the many naturaily occurring ecological systems, responsibility for developing the resources of which are necessary in support and function of environmental research as pertains to effective the " Human Environment," must be recognized power generation. The function of the Section and the systems managed responsibly.
depends on the conjoint accomplishment of Second, industrial involvement in ecological three interrelated objectives:
research must be viewed within a realistic per-I. Develop and expeditiously execute en-spective of an economic cost and benefit rela-vironmental research programs which are basic tionship. This rationale must be accepted as a
84 necessary prerequisite in the solving of environ.
- 1. Administering research expenditures en-mental problems, since these problems are of courages the justification and establishment of a systematic origin-man AND nature... not priorities. It also encourages the control of man OR nature, in this context, due to the research costs, and the efficiency of directing present limitations of environmental problem applicable results. Pragmatically: Why do it solving expertise; the pressing criticality of this way? Why do it now? and Why do it at all?
providing solutions; and the fact that the ulti-
- 2. Active program development and coordi-mate disposition' of cost will be born by the nation enables the company to guide the re-public or consumer, the regulated industry must search toward satisfying the need for which it responsibly assess the need and requirements was undertaken by indentifying and specifying for problem solving. By careful assessment, the the scope of the requirements. in a recent industry increases the effectiveness of its efforts article on " Interdisciplinary Studies of Environ-and controls the investments that may other-mental Pollution" Norman Lee stated: "The wise have to be extended over long periods of ultimate test of any organizational system is time, at great costs, and with little assurance not only the efficiency and economy with which of benefit. The " costs" of ecological research it reaches a stated target, but whether it has appear particularly exorbitant to industry when correctly identified the target in the first place."
the results can not be applied toward immediate Thus, it is important for the company to problem solutions, define its needs-exacting the problems with Due to the diversity and complexity of eco-which it is faced-and relate these appropriately logical problems facing the electric industry, to its researchers to stimulate a responsive it becomes increasingly important to develop problem solving atmosphere.
direction for establishing research priorities intracompany management of research and justifying research expenditures. Some provides opportunity for maximum benefit as guidance can be given if, before research funds understanding develops concerning the inter-are committed, the problems are viewed in a action between the artificial and natural sys-perspective of socio-economic as well as eco-tems. Research becomes an active process, logical relevancy. From this perspective a deci-acting with, rather than acting on, industrial sion might then be made as to whether or not development under its inspection.
the use of environmental research is truly the
- 3. Planning to meet projected research most expeditious path to a solution. The prin-needs necessitates company understanding of ciple question in this regard then becomes: to individual environmental problem areas. The what extent, breadth and depth, should the ability to scope and define the magnitude and electric industry be involved in the support of significance of these areas comes through com-ecological research and what should be left to pany interaction with environmental and regula-private, academic, State and Federal research tory agencies. Planning is particularly critical agencies? In any case, it is readily apparent that since an extended period of research investiga-ti.c economics of research and its management tion is required in understanding some environ-to assure environmental quality need to be as mental problems. This must be brought into seriously considered as the environmental the perspective for scheduling the power plant problems per se.
licensing, construction and operational stages.
Within the limitations imposed by the in-fancy of the challenge, intracompany coordina-THE UTILIZATION OF tion and management of research can be bene-ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ficial in the process of (1) administering re-search expenditures, (2) developing and coordi.
The Environmental Report functions as the nating programs, (3) planning to meet projected basic source document for the Federal Regula-research needs.
tory Agency given the authority of interpreting
85 and administering regulations in accordance function of the Environmental Affairs Section with the policies set forth in NEPA. The report in the Generation Environmental & Regulatory governs actions significantly affecting the qual-Affairs Department of Florida Power Corpora-ity of the human environment and requires a tion offers a unique opportunity for bringing the detailed statement reflecting:
results of environmental research to the atten-
- 1. the environmental impact of the pro-tion of those interested.
posed action, Two prime media which are presently being
- 2. any adverse environmental effects which used to enhance communications principally cannot be avoided should the proposal with involved scientific, environmental and reg-be implemented, ulatory agencies, are the Florida Power Cor-
- 3. alternatives to the proposed action, paration Environmental Status Reports and
- 4. the relationship between local short term Semiannual Research Review Conference.
uses of man's environment and long The Environmental Status Report represents term productivity, and a quarterly report of progress of the Company-
- 5. any irreversible and irretrievable com-sponsored research programs emphasizing in-mitments of resources which would be terim data reporting.
involved in the proposed action should The Semiannual Research Review Confer-it be implemented.
ence provides an opportunity for the regulatory Florida Power Corporation, to date, has agencies to interact personally with the research prepared and submitted one Environmental investigators. Active participation and contri-Report which is currently under review by the bution by all participants is encouraged in an Atomic Energy Commission. It ris readily felt effort to direct the research toward the neces-that the preparation of the report, rather than sary problem solutions.
the specific results or conclusions set forth in summary then, the Corporate Objective therein, emphasizes the challenge directed to for 1972 sets the stage:
the entrepreneur and the scientist working
" Conduct the business of today and the together.
plans for the future for the production of reli-able, adequate and economical electric service RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION in a manner that effectively balances minimum OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES environmental impact with the overall public interest."
Without responsibly communicating the Com-Toward this objective the Florida Power pany's efforts to deal with problems, the public, Corporation recognizes the integral importance environmental groups, scientific community, or of environmental research and this is striving to even governmental agencies cannot be expected direct, utilize and communicate this knowledge.
to view the credibility of the efforts with less scepticism than has been expressed in general attitudes of the past.
Literature Cited it may be stated that perhaps the current Lee, Norman.1971. Interdisciplinary Studies of wide interest in the environment is man's "first Environmental Pollution. Marine Pollution Bul-glance" interest in his total well being. The letin. 2(10): 151 153.
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