ML19319D359

Quarterly Environ Status Rept,Oct-Dec 1970

ML19319D359
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	12/31/1970
From:	FLORIDA POWER CORP.
To:
References
NUDOCS 8003160083
Download: ML19319D359 (80)

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As a matter of responsible citizenship and good business, Florida Power Corporation, as a prime corporate policy and goal, is taking every meaningful step to protect the environment from any adverse effects that might result from the production, transmission and distribution of electricity. Sound planning of each new facility coupled with complete operational surveillance programs and timely evaluations of each potential pollution source will provide the necessay information for attaining ocr stated goal.

Ongoing research programs, education of Company personnel and working knowledge of existing techniques and control equipment will always remain at a level consistent with the desired upward trend in Company environmental competence.

m a

8 A. P. Perez President g-e n

~;aJleoP con.er1:s Page 3 I

GENERAL 4

ll SITE METEOROLOGY FROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 lil MARINE ECOLOGICAL PRCGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 IV MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 V

PREOPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 5

8. University of Flosida Department Environmental Engineering 7

VI APPENDICES IC A. Environmentalinvestigation at the Anclote River Plant Site 22

8. Thermal Additions Reports by Florida Department of Natural Resources 28 C. University of South Florida Discharge Plume Report, Data Report 002 48 D. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Report 60 E. University of Florida Radiological Report 74 Vil DISTRIBUTION LIST r.--

9 j )d;rld,dOU;il/lU k

th i

i I.

Cor30ra:10n QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT l

i

3 l This is the official report covering Florida P GENERAL 1971. We hope to reduce the formal reporting at the conference somewhat, to encourage in-formal dialogue and inter-project communica-Corporation's environmental activities for the tion to take place with all the researchers and Crystal River Nuclear Plant since October 20, attendees.

1970. As previously, environmental efforts at Several noteworthy conferences and meet-the generating site (fossil fueled plant) being ings were attended during the period along with developed on the Anclote River near Tarpon frequent contact with permitting agencies. The Springs, Florida, are reported in Appendix A for conference on Pollution in Tampa Bay was par-the period since October 20,1970. Please refer ticularly significant. In addition to a presentation to the location of the Crystal River and Anclote by Florida Power Corporation, valuable insight River sites as shown in Figure 1 (page 6).

was obtained as to the overall pollution problem Environmental studies as reported herein in Tampa Bay. In October, a presentation of Flor-have all begun. The fourth quarter of 1970 ida Power Corporation's environmental efforts represents the first reporting period in which was delivered to the student members of Florida significant results have been obtained by all re-State University in Tallahassee. Florida Power searchers. On the part of Florida Power Corpo.

Corporation appreciates the invitations to par-ration, coordination and liaison with the re-ticipate ir these environmental conferences, and searchers has continued for the timely acquisi-is most grateful for the increased environmental tion of equipment, services, and facilities.

awareness gained therefrom. We are responsive The conference held at the Crystal River site to the need for continued communication with in mid-October was attended by all the research those parties concerned with our environment.

groups, representatives of essentially all State Licensing activities have been considerable and Federal Regulatory Agencies, and executives during this period due to the projected early of Florida PowerCorporation,includingour Pres-1971 submission of the Final Safety Analysis ident, Mr. A. P. Perez. Of particular significance Report for Crystal River Unit 3. In parallel with was attendance by Dr. Howard T. Odum, who this work has been development of the " Environ-recently joined the Environmental Engineering mental Report" (not to be confused with this Department at the University of Florida. Ques.

Status Report) in support of our application to tions raised and discussed by Dr. Odum and the Atomic Energy Commission for an operating others at the conference were stimulating and permit for Unit 3. The experience of putting the most valuable to the Company's assessment of

" Environmental Report" together has been most the adequacy of performance and completeness valuable to the Company in making more com-of the research, as well as to the researchers plete its evaluation of the total impact on the themselves. As a matter of assuring that this environment by Crystal River Unit 3.

critical input be evaluated by all, the significant We wish to introduce another new member points raised at the conference have been ana-of the Company staff directly involved with the lyzed by the Florida Power Corporation in each environmental research programs. Mr. Clyde H.

case, a communication was submitted to each Stagner is an energy conversion engineer by researcher suggesting that either no further trade, but has considerable experience with action was required, or that a particular re-environment-licensing activities by virtue of his search group was to consider the program former association with the U.S. Public Health modifications.

Service, U.S. Army and Pinellas County Health The intention is to continue this feedback Department (Florida).

mechanism at all future semi-annual meetings.

Finally, as a matter of information for those The next conference on the environmental pro.

interested in details of the Crystal River project gram will be held at Crystal River on March 22, relating to environmental studies, the design of

4 the Unit 3 condenser has been modified to effect the Marine Research Laboratory, Bureau of a more reliable operation in the marine environ-Marine Research and Technology Division of ment.Condeaser tube material has been changed Marine Resources, Department of Natural Re-from stainless steel to 70-30 cupto-nickel alloy nurces of the State of Florida, under the super-with a resulting slight change in tube sizing and vision of Mr. Robert Ingle.

variation in thermal characteristics as follows:

Florida Power Corporation and the Florida Department of Natural Resources, through evalu-Flow Rate Temp. Rise at (gpm)

Rated Power ('F) ation of existing efforts, have decided that addi-

1. Prior design 7 (105) 16.7 tional supporting studies are required of the

2. Modified design 6.8 (105) 17.2 Crystal River plant Marine Ecological Program in order to gain a more complete understanding SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM of the impact of heated water on the marine (CRYSTAL RIVER) environment. Up to this time, there has been no study of the effect on marine organisms sub-Data acquisition of site meteorological condi-jected to passage through the power plants' con-tions is continuing. A complete two years of data, densers or the impact on the area, of any effects already obtained and reduced, has been used in on organisms passed through the condenser.

the Final Safety Analysis Report. Special analy-Proposals for performance of this effort are ses are being conducted to assess the assibili-being evaluated at this time and decision on this ties of developing special atmospheric tadioac-activity will be forthcoming in the next quarterly tivity discharge concepts and plans which might report.

further enhance our ability to attain a minimum An annual report on the Marine Ecological practicable potential exposure to the population, Program by the Florida Department of Natural considerably below the guidelines of the Atomic Resources for the year 1969 should be available Energy Commission.

in the near future.

Revisions are proposed for the Oceano-graphic Data Acquisition System used in the Ma-MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM rine Thermal Plume Program (Crystal River) to (CRYSTAL RIVER) allow receipt and recording of meteorological data for prompt availability to the several re.

The University of South Florida, Marine Science search teams. This effort will eventually result institute, research program is continuing its in an operational readout capability in the nu-study of the physical characteristics of the clear plant control room for more effective radio-heated water effit'ent from the plant upon dis-logical waste management and control, charge into the Gulf of Mexico marine environ-ment. The second quarterly progress report has l

MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROGRAM been received and is included in Appendix C.

l (CRYSTAL RIVER)

The Oceanographic Data Acquisition System (buoy system) has been tested on station at the This program remains in full operation with Crystal River site. The buoy system will go com-experimental work both at the Crystal River plant pletely operational in first quarter 1971 as ap-site and at the Florida Department of Natural proval by all agencies has finally been received.

Resources Marine Research Laboratory in St.

l Petersburg. In Appendix B of this report, there PRE-OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL are complete copies of the " Quarterly Thermal SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER)

Addition Progress Report to Florida Power Cor-poration" for July-September and October-De-A. Florida Department of Health and cember,1970. These reports were written by Rehabilitative Services

5 Radiological surveillance has been conducted

10. Radioactive levels of airborne particulates by the Florida Department of Health and Re-are ascertained to establish pre-operational habilitative Services around Florida Power Cor-levels as the basis for accurately monitoring poration's Crystal River nuclear plant site since plant radioactive releases to the atmosphere. The May of 1969. A summation for 1969 and 1970 sampling devices are located principally in popu-of the gamma spectroscopy data for various lation centers and will serve to provide valuable environmental media are included with their information concerning the sources and amounts comprehensive program which is contained in of airborne radioactive particulates. These sys-Appendix D.

tems will be operational in early 1971.

Their criteria for the choice of items sampled

11. External sampling of gamma radiation back-for radioactive content are as follows:' (For loca-ground is done to establish pre-operational tions-see Map and Sample List in Appendix D) external radiational dose to man in the environ-

1. Oysters, crab and food fish are food chain mental area and will serve to demonstrate long-pathways to man. Reports in the scientific litera-term dose increase, if any.

ture cite the oyster as a concentrator of radio-active zinc-65.

B. University of Florida Department of

2. Marine algae are an important link in the food Environmental Engineering chain pathway for some food fish and thus repre-The University of Florida Department of Environ-sent a secondary food chain link to man.

mental Engineering has completed a literature

3. Seawater is monitored at the intake and dis-review to establish the relationship between charge canals to determine a base line, or back-radionuclide releases and uptake in the food ground level, to determine later operational chains leading to man. Critical pathways are release levels of radioactivity. Samples are taken being determined for the marine, the marshland, in public recreation areas tJ determine dose, if and terrestial ecosystems (see Appendix E).

any, to fishermen and due to immersion of Environmental sampling has begun for the winter swimmers.

sampling period.

4. Citrus fruit is sampled on the basis that it is Plans have been completed for the installa-the only commercial food crop grown in the area.

tion of thermoluminescent dosimeters to monitor

5. Soil samples are measured for previous depo-the gamma air dose in the area. An air sampler sition of radioactive material.

has been designed for the measurement of air-

6. Silt samp:es are taken principally in the in-borne particulate radioactivity. Field testing of take and discharge canals as an indication of the device has commenced. A total deposition existing radioactive material accumulation, sampler has been designed and developed for

7. Drinking water is assessed for the radioactive the collection of total radionuclide deposition dose if any, to the population in the area.

(precipitation plus dust fallout). A method of

8. Palmetto is analyzed since it is a part of the surveying tritiated water in the natural environ-diet of deer in the area. These deer, which are a ment has been dev&oed for the evaluation of link in the food chain to man, are known to tritium at fourteen m.c.

contain relatively high body burdens of radio-The weekly collection of Spanish moss began active Cesium-137.

in September,1970 for evaluation as a biological

9. Cabbage palm hearts are eaten row or cooked sampler for airborne radioactivity. Data tabula-by man and are a part of the deer diet.

tions from these important endeavors will be included in the next report.

In conjunction with their research, the follow-

' Courtesy of Mr. Wallace B. Johnson, Public Health Physicist. Radiological & Occupational Health Section, ing presentations and publications have been Div. of Health. Dept. of Health & Rehabilitative Services, accomplished:

State of Florida.

1. "EnvironmentalSurveillanceforRadioactivity

6 in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Plant," W.

3. " Radiological Check-up" in Facts From Emmett Bolch, presented at Crystal River, "Re-Gatorland, V.7.No.4, October,1970, published view of Environmental Research Programs,"

by the College of Engineering Section of the Uni-October 13, 1970.

versity of Florida Alumni Association.

2. "An Ecological Approach to Environmental Appendix E shows the Quarterly Progress Surveillance," W.E. Bolch, J.F. Gamble, C.E.

Report for August 1-October 31,1970, for this Roessler, W.E. Carr, J.L. Fox, S.C. Snedaker, and research activity by the University of Florida.

R.W. Englehart, accepted for presentation at the The Florida Power Corporation encourages each Fifth Annual Health Physics Society Midyear of its research agencies to present and publish Topical Symposium, Idaho Falls, November 3-6, reports concerning our various environmental 1970.

research activities.

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Figure 1. Location of FPC Power Plant Sites on the Gulf of Mexico

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l ervironmerta INVESTIGATION AT THE ANCLOTE POWER PLANT SITE University of South Florida, Marine Science Institute Principal Investigator Dr. Harold J. Humm, Director, Marine Science Institute Co-investigators Dr. Ronald C. Baird i

Dr. Kendall L Carder Dr. Thomas L Hopkins Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Marine Science Institute Staff D. Wallace P. Archer J. Smyth V. Maynard L Wasiluk S. Franklin N. Smith Students D. Ballantyne B. Causey J. Davis W. Fable R. Gibson W.Gunn J. Johnson R. Klausewitz J. McCarthy D. Milliken A. Rhem K. Rolfes F. Schlemmer W. Sloop l

K. Tyson W. Weiss K. Wilson R. Zimmerman

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11 The Marine Science Institute of the University d) During the sampling period, the Anclote River of South Florida completed its 1970 research appeared to contribute little to the enrichment efforts with considerable impact on the design of the anchorage, although the highest concen-of the Anclote River power plant. Based on the trations of dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll and Marine Science Institute's osearch results and organic coloring matter occurred in the Anclote expertise, initial environmental constraints for River (see Tables 3 and 4).

the Anclote River power plant were recom-e) Dense grass beds were found around the cor.-

mended in their 1970 report which would least struction site to a water depth of six feet (see affect the environment commensurate with the Figure 2). Very rich and extensive grass beds production of electrical power. Reporting here is were also found south of the Anclote River spoil limited to a digest of their 1970 report. The en-islands in the vicinity of Rabbit Key; By far, the tire report is available on request.

biologically richest areas were the grass beds, which showed the highest diversity and abun-Results for the fall 1970, sampling period.2 darice of plants and animals (fishes and inverte-a) Tides are the predominate motive force in-brates, see Table 5).

volved in the hydrodynamics of the Anclote River f) For descriptive purposes, the Anclote aquatic estuary with winds playing a secondary role. The area was delimited into zones (see Figure 3).

flow during flood tide was generally northward Zone Descriptions:

(except during periods of strong northerly winds)

Zone 1, Exposed sand: The surf zone on the Gulf in the anchorage and predominated over the gen-side of Anclote Key was designated Zone I. This erally southward flow during ebb tide. In the area was entirely sand, without grass, varying very shallow regions flow was relatively weak in depth from a few inches to eight feet. The while the strong currents in deeper water gen.

number of invertebrate species here was low, erally conformed to the bathymetric contours.

however in some species present, density was

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b) The distribution (See Table 12 for sampling high. This was the case for the sand dollar (Mel-locations) of temperature and salinity are greatly lita quinquiesperforata) and Florida coquina

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affected by tidal currents, with solar radiation (Donax variablis) which were both present in modifying temperature distributions in the shal-localized abundance.

i Iows as well as in the top layer of the water Zone ll, Protected sand: This small but distinct duri'g - 1mer. The highest surface water tem-area occupied a position behind a large sand bar p; car e (depth greater than five feet) recorded at the northern end of Anclote Key. The area was v, "i BC % the Anclote River.", 'ugust,1970.

shallow with greatest depth of 4 or 5 feet. Inver-Temperature and salinity dat.. are shown in tebrate fauna, limited mainly to polychaetes and Table 2.

mollusks, appears to be poor in comparison to c) Light transmissivity in the Anclote River was other areas.

generally very low and was associated with high Zone Ill, Central sand: This area comprised the particulate load (see Figur.1). Equally low or greater part of the sand community sampled.

lower transmissivity readings may be found in it lies on the protected side of Anclote Key, parts of Anclote Anchorage after periods of high mainly in waters greater than six feet in depth, onshore winds. Light transmissivity readings Major invertebrates from this zone included over grass beds were usually relatively high and Penaeus duorarum, Callinectes sapidus, Me.

were associated with lower particulate loads.

nippe mercenaria, Luidia clathrata, Mellita quin.

quiesperforata and Lytechinus variegatus. A to.

1. Extracted from Ancfote Environrnental Project An.

tal of 26 invertebrate species was counted in nual Report, Marine Science Institute. Unh,ers!ty of bottom samples of this area.

South Florida, St. Petersburg, Fla., January,1971.

Zone IV, North grass and sand: North of Anclote

2. Tables and figures are shown on pp.13 through 20.

Key, a shallow area was found where grass beds n-

.12 alternated with large patches of sand. Grasses tively rich marine fauna. Forty-five species of here were Thalassia testudinum and Diplanthera invertebrates were sampled, most with high den-wrightii. Invertebrate diversity was high (55 spe-sities. Major invertebrates were Penaeus duo-cies) reflecting the presence of species from rarum, Callinectes sapidus, Palaemonetes pugio, both sand and grass communities. Prominent Crassostrea virginica, Arenicola cristata, Cly-species of this area were Lytechinus variegatus, menella mucosa and Glycera americana.

Luidia clathrata, Chione cancellata, Atrina rigida, Zone IX, Upriver: Invertebrate species diversity Macrocallista nimbosa, Penaeus duorarum and (11 species) and densities were markedly lower Menippe mercenaria.

in samples taken up the Anclote River toward Zone V, West grass: This grass bed was located Tarpon Springs. Two species dominated, the oy-in shallow waters on the protected and near side ster (Crassostrea virginica) and the blue crab of Anclote Key. The sediments here were soft (Callinectes sapidus). Shoal grass (Diplanthera with the entire area appearing to act as a silt wrightii) was present, growing in shallows near trap. Water depth was generally less than four mangrove islands.

feet. Species diversity in this area was relatively Grass and sand communities are both pres-high (58 species), however, densities of both ent in the Anclote Key area. The grass commu-invertebrates and the grasses themselves were nity has the greater diversity and density of noticeably lower than in unsilted areas. The ma-benthic invertebrates and is in waters shallower jor invertebrates were Lytechinus variegatus, than the sand community Results of fish sam-Penaeus duorarum, Neopanope texana, Eury.

pling are shown in Table 6.

panopeus depressus and Styela plicata.

g) The results of benthic invertebrate sampling Zone VI, East grass: The greatest invertebrate are listed in Table 7.

diversity (64 species) and densities were ob-h) By mid-November leaf die-back and loss of tained at this location. The area was in a shallow leaves had begun on the grass beds. Collections relatively unsilted environment following the of benthic algae suggested a definite pattern of coastline northward of the Anclote River mouth, smsonality in growth and abundance of most Near shore, shoal grass (Diplanthera wrightii) forms.

was found, while turtle grass (Thalassia testudi-num) and manatee grass (Syringodium filiforme)

Addit!onal future research by dominated deeper waters to six feet. Important the Marine Science Institute includes:8 invertebrates from this zone included Penaeus a) Improved transmissivity surveys using ten duorarum, Callinectes sapidus, Periclimenes centimeter path with light filters providing vari-americanus, Palaemonetes pugio, Menippe mer-ous wave lengths.

cenaria, Argopecten irradians concentricus, b) A permanent hydrographic station near the Arenicola cristata, CIymenella mucosa, Styela Anclote laboratory facility (recently completed) plicata and Lytechinus variegatus.

to automatically monitor water temperature and Zone Vil, South grass: A large grass bed south tides as a reference station for all Anclote hydro-of the Anclote River Channel, near Howard Park graphic data.

I beach was designated as the sou'th grass zone.

c) The installation of a weather station at the This zone appeared much like its companion the Anclote site to monitor wind speed, direction, east zone. However, in some areas near the relative humidity, air temperature and rainfall.

dredged Howard Park beach, sitting seems to d) The installation of a pyrheliometer to measure have occur:Jd, thus reducing species numbers total irradiance at the Anclote site.

(50 species) and densities.

e) Monitoring water temperature at semi-per-Zone Vill, River mouth: The shoal grass (Diplan-

3. Summarized from Ancloto Environmental Project.

thera wrightii) beds at the Anclote River mouth Annu91 Report, Marine Science institute. University of were luxuriant and provided habitat for a rela-south riorida, st. Petersburg, Florida, January,1971.

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manent recording stations near proposed intake feeding ecology, life history, abundance, and l

and effluent channels, diversity.

f) Continuation of synoptic STD and current pat-In addition to the continuing efforts of the tern measurements over all seasons and weather Marine Scic1ce Institute to obtain the aquatic conditions.

gestalt of the Anclote site, research will be con-g) Use of fluorescent dye to trace water move-ducted to determine all possible aquatic environ-ments and estimate eddy diffusion coefficients mental impacts of a specific power plant design, in the Anclote anchorage.

its ccastruction, and its operation at the Anclote h) Development cf a hydrographic model of the site. Specific recommendations made by the Anclote estuary.

Marine Science Institute on the Anclote Plant

1) Bacteriological description of the Anclote Design are not included here. The reason for this aquatic environment.

is that such recommendations need be preceded j) Further parameter determinations of species by the entirety of the MSI 1970 report, which is i

and densities of benthic invertebrates (twelve far too bulky fnr inclusion herein. As previously sampling stations have been selected).

stated, the principal intent of the FPC Environ-k) Standardization of fish sampling procedures.

mental Status Report is to describe environmen-

1) Analysis of fish production, community roles, tal efforts at Crystal River.

Station Location Description 1

Alt.19 Bridge over Anclote River-center of passage 2

Anclote River QK FL R "36" channel marker 3

Anclote River red channel marker "16" 4

Ancfote River channel marker FL G "9" 5

Anclote River channel marker FL G "1" at end of channel 6

Anclote anchorage marker"7x" 7

Anclote anchorage marker"5x" 8

South of anchorage,0.6 miles east of marker FL "39" in line with north end of sunset beach 9

Anclote anchorage marker"3" 10 Anclote anchorage, midway on line between marker "3" and the union tower 11 Anclote anchorage marker "1" 12 Anclote anchorage FL R "6" 13 0.1 miles NW of north A nclote Kev 13A 1.4 miles NW of north Ancfote Key 14 Anclote anchorage,0.7 miles SE of marker "1" in line with the union tower TABLE 1. WATER QUALITY STATION LOCATIONS IN THE ANCLOTE AREA

14 Water Coior (Absorbance, Seil Water Temp Secchi Depth 10 cm path, Suspended Solids (0/

('C)

(m) 4000'A)

(dry weight mg/1)

Station Sept Oct Nov Sept Oct Now Sept Oct Now Sept Oct Now Sept Oct Nov

.257.090.249 10.68 21.62 16.16 1S 26.9 29.6 24.8 29.5 26.0 19.3 11 1.61*9 8 26.9 28.0 23,7 28.9 26.1 19.3

.273.168.107 6.84 14.16 15.72

.310.050.158 lia7 23 22 15.60 2S 24.0 29.0 ND 29.8 25.6 19.5 11 1.4 2.0 8 27.0 323 26.4 29.4 25.5 19.5

.237.136.081 9.01 19.28 8.04 3 S-29.0 30.1 29.1 29.3 25.2 19.7

.134.061.081 4.54 24.00 7.92 15 1.6 19 8 30.0 30.1 26.9 29.0 25.2 19.5

.115.115.079 6.44 18.10 6.42 4S 32.8 31.2 31.7 29.1 25.0 20.3

.115.052.05'l 21.62 22.20 11.68 13 1*7 24 B 32.8 32.3 28.0 28.9 25.1 19.3

.109.109.053 9.22 15.94 6.96

.068.043 ND 15.36 19.38 1630 5S 33.7 34.5 323 28.2 24.6 19.6 1.4 1.83.4 B 34.5 34.5 32.3 28.2 24.5 18.5

.055.056.030 37.04 34.42 13.86

.044.030.089 9.68 19.54-7.66 6S 34.0 35.0+32.3 28.2 25.0 19.1 1.8 22'2*1 8 34.5 33.4 31.8 28.5 25.0 18.9

.049.046.042 9.88 17.02 16.64 ND

.009.111 ND 18.42 15.86 7S ND 36.6+ 33.4 ND 25 0 19.0 ND 2*7 15 9 ND 34.5 31.8 NO 24.7 18.4 ND

.037.031 ND 15.98 17.62 ND

.031.035 ND 18.08 17.10 8S ND 35.5+32.3 ND 24.8 19.6 NO 2.0* 2.1 8 ND 34.5 31.8 NO 25.0 18.8 ND

.066.029 ND 14.34 18.54

.105.034.035 12.44 12.16 6.32 9S 32.3 33.9 31.8 28.5 25.0 19.5 1.4152.3 B 31.7 34.5 31.8 28.2 25.0 18.9

.079.055.031 22.50 9.30 16.20

.082.079.049 11.12 12.98 1E28 10 S 32.8 35.0529.6 28.9 25.3 206 1*4 1.2' 1*1 8 32.8 33.9 28.0 28.5 25.4 20.0

.085.088.073 31.68 13.04 41.12 ND

.063.039 ND 30.20 18.14 11 S ND 33.9 32.3 ND 24.9 19.0 NO 21 24 B ND 33.4 31.8 HD 24.8 18.5 ND

.061.044 ND 16.10 11.12 12 S 33.4 32.9 31.8 28.9 24.5 19.0

.054.047.032 7.62 19.28 9.54 1.8 31 26' 8 34.0 32.3 32.3 28.5 24.5 19.0

.059.039.034 9.54 17.26 24.96 13 S ND 32.3 ND ND 24.2 ND ND

.020 ND ND 17.90 ND ND 2.4 ND B ND 36.1+ ND ND 24.2 ND ND

.042 NO ND 18.88 ND 13a5 ND ND 33.9 ND ND 18.9 ND ND

.025 ND ND 17.82 ND ND 2.1 B ND ND 32.9 ND ND 18.4 ND ND

.022 NO ND 18.20 D

.084.020 ND 18.58 13.22 14 S ND 32.3 33.4 ND 25.0 20.0 ND 1.4 17' B ND 26.9 29.6 ND 25.2 19.3 ND

.079.039 ND 15.30 9.28 S = Surface 8 = Sottom ND = No Data

• = Secchi Dish on Bottom

+ = Questionable Refractometer Readings TABLE 2. PHYSICAL DATA FOR WATER QUALITY STATIONS IN THE ANCLOTE AREA, FALL 1970 Ammonia Mus Amino CA7 M _._ _

Nitrate Nitrogen Acid. Nitrogen Silicate Silicon phosphate x10-2 ppm x102 ppm x10.rppm x10.rppm Station Sept Oct Now Sept Oct Nov Sept Oct Now Sept Oct Nov 1S 5.38 4.90 6.87 8.33 0.00 ND 41.4 17.8 33.9 2.6 4.2 4.8 8

1.60 0.71 2.69 10.31 4.18 ND 25.4 12.5 38.9 2.7 2.2 4.8 2S 3.28 4.39 5.81 7.20 0.13 ND 33 3 6.4 17.7 1.5 2.0 1.9 8

3.45 0.47 0.72 9.16 4.69 ND 12.8 4.7 14.7 1.0 1.9 1.2 38 0.44 3.40 4.92 3.74 0.10 ND 11.9 6.1 14.7 0.4 0.8 1.0 8

0.48 0.72 0.64 4.71 0.80 ND 14.9 5.8 13.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 4S 8.97 3.07 7.36 2.10 0.10 ND 13.7 7.5 11.5 0.2 0.6 0.7 5

038 0.53 0.41 10.02 4.09 ND 10.9 6.4 8.8 0.4 2.0 0.6 SS 0.60 0.72 0.44 0.72 0.10 ND 10.9 11.1 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 8

0.89 0.68 0.40 5.61 0.29 ND 15.3 9.7 5.9 1.1 0.8 0.6 65 0.64 0.69 2.90 5.63 0.10 'ND 18.3 9.2 10.6 03 0.6 1.6 8

0.52 1.52 0.51 1.16 0.00 ND 8.5 9.5 9.1 0.6 1.0 0.5 7S ND 0.69 1.05 NO O.20 ND ND 7.8 7.4 ND 0.6 0.5 8

NO O.62 0.59 ND O.14 ND ND 7.8 9.7 ND 0.7 0.5 8S NO O.80 039 ND 0.10 ND ND 7.2 6.5 ND 0.8 0.6 B

ND 0.59 0.32 ND O.16 ND ND

0.3 5.9 ND O.8 0.4 95 1.28 0.87 0.37 0.17 0.00 ND 1.8 13.4 8.5 T

0.9 0.5 4

5 0.66 0.51 0.27 4.32 0.57 ND 16.2 10.3 7.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 105 0.57 0.57 0.88 9.70 0.13 ND 12.2 10.3 7.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 8

0.71 0.82 0.21 8.67 0.60 ND 15.9 11.1 7.4 0.2 0.7 0.5 11S ND 0.59 1.53 ND 1.50 ND ND 8.6 10.6 ND 1.0 1.3 8

ND 0.54 0.40 ND 1.56 ND ND 28.9 7.1 ND 1.0 0.5 125 0.53 0.57 0.39 0.33 3.55 ND 6.8 7.8 8.0 T

1.0 06 8

0.70 0.63 0.30 3 82 0.50 ND 10.0 11.4 8.8 0.9 0.9 0.5 13S ND 0.56 ND ND O.13 NO ND 4.5 ND NO O.9 ND 8

ND 0.48 ND ND 2.39 NO ND 5.0 ND ND 0.9 ND 13AS

.ND ND O.37 ND ND ND ND ND 8.2 ND ND O.5 8

ND ND O.24 ND ND ND ND ND 7.1 ND ND 0.4 14S ND 0.75 0.39 ND 0.05 ND ND 7.8 6.8 ND 0.7 0.4 8

ND O.61 0.19 ND 1.32 ND ND 13.1 7.6 ND 1.1 0.4 5 = Surface 8 = Bottom ND = No Data T = Trace Quantities ( 0.1 x 10 2 ppm)

Station locations and descriptic,ns in Table 1 TABLE 3. NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ANCLOTE AREA, FALL 1970 l

1 15 CHLOROPHYLL A (mg/m3)

PHAEO. PIGMENTS (mg/m3)

Station September October November September October November 1

15.4 25.6 7.0 8.0 0.0 1.1 2

15.4 15.5 11.2 8.0 3.7 0.5 3

10.7 12.8 4.8 3.7 2.7 2.1 4

4.3 7.7 7.5 17.6 3.2 0.0 5

16.6 3.2 3.2 0.0 1.6 1.1 6

8.5 2.7 10.7 3.7 3.2 2.7 7

ND 2.7 5.3 ND 0.5 1.6 8

ND 2.1 4.3 ND 2.1 2.7 9

13.9 5.4 4.3 4.3 2.1 0.0 10 13.4 4.3 3.2 6.9 0.0 0.0 11 ND 3.2 4.8 ND 1.1 3.2 12 5.3 1.6 2.7 3.3 2.7 1.1 13 ND 6.8 ND ND 0.0 ND 13A ND ND 2.7 ND ND 1.1 14 ND 7.3 2.1 ND 0.0 0.5 TABLE 4. CHLOROPHYLL.A AND PHAEO. PIGMENTS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE ANCLOTE REGION, FALL 1970 Community Group Sand Grass (species no.)

(species no.)

Echinodermata 5

5 Mollusca 18 53 Crustacea 7

18 Polychaeta 8

14 Total 38 80 TABLE 5. INVERTEBRATE SPECIES IN SAND AND GRASS COMMUNITIES OF THE ANCLOTE KEY AREA

r e

=

+

16 L

Teest sesL Tasse Ice.

Scioneshe flame Censuesd Causetion fees Scientific feeme Casested Conecthen h Sphyrn.dse(hammerhead sharks)

Scimenedae(drums)

Sphyrna t. buro (bonnethead) 1 9 tesostornos santhurus (spot) 159 7.9.15.17.26.27

" ah 8

868' (**

sh) 1 39 Dasyahdae (stingrays)

Sa',rd,'e"n'"c"hry'*s'ure (s'elve "p"*ch)

Dasyahs sabina LAtlantic shngray) 4 13,23,26 a

w 272

. 3 33.

Q 3

- Gymnundae (butterfly rays)

Cynacson nebulosus (sponed nutrovt) 37 (i 8.10.13.14 Cymnvra mectura (smooth butterfly ray) 1 13 7S.20.23 Clupe.dae (herrings)

Cynoscse9 arenarius 9

7. 9 Marenguia pensacolae (seated sardene) 41 S.9.21 Pogon.as cromes (baaet drum) 1 2 Opsthonema ochnum (Atlanbc thread hemns) 4 21 Scesenops ocenatus (redfish) 1 26 Engrauhdae (anchovies)

Anchos merchem (bay anchovy)

S 9.43 Spa,ndae (porg'es) 4 chosargus probatocephalus (sheepshead) 4 4.9.13.37 Synodontidae (heardfishes)

Defodus holbrooM (spottait pnfish) 1 25 Synodes foetens (inshore haardfish) 16 1.6.7,10.I3.14,18.

Lagodon rhombodes (penfish) 926 6.7.8.9.10.12.13.

20,21.25,26,27,33.

14.1S.I7.19.20.21, 37 33.23,25,26,27,28 Arndse (see catfishes) 29, 31. 33,36. J7. 38, 8a ac ed (

fi hn)

Calamos arctifrons (grass porgy) 13 il 40.

Opsanus beta (Guff toadfish) 3 13.20.23 y

no a dfin needlehsh) 5 23.25

'a u e'"ia 20' t

Homerarr phedae (halfbeaks) 8,',',',d,,f,%' whete grunt)

Mypothamphus unefasceatus (halfbeak) 1 25 21 6.20, 33,38.40.42 Cypemodontidae (b8hhshes) orthoposhs chrysopteres (pigfish) 212 4.S.6.7.8.9.10.12.

Cypnnodon vanegatus (sheepshead minnow) 93 II. IS.16,23 13.14.15.19.20.21.

rundvive grandes Congnose blhhsh) 27 S.15 25.26,29.30.33,42.

rendusus semens (Gutt menefish) 47 11.16.23 43 Athennedse (silversedes)

Chaidae (eknids)

Mendia beryshna (tidewater sehrersede) 1 il Paracknas marmoratus (marbled blenny) 1 20 Syngnathidae (pepefishes & seahorses) 8 ennedse (combtooth biennies)

Syngnathes flor:dae (dvsky ppefesh)

SS 6.8.14.19.20.32.

Hypsoblenmus hentae (feather blenny) 2 10.38 33.39.42.43,37 Chasinoces saburras (rienda bienny) 3 6.10.38 Syngnathus scovem (Culf pepehsh) 42 6.8.38,40 Labndae (wrasses)

Lachnodermus snessmus (hognsh) 9 6,8.12.14 m s spo se e) 3

.33 Micrognathus snnngerus (insular ppefish) 1 33 Scandae (parrothshes)

Scorpaen dae (scorpeonhshes & rockfeshes) ec ma esta (emed paMsM 1 M Scorpaena brasehenses (barbfesh) 3 21 EPh'opedae (spadehshes)

Fripdae (searobins)

Chaefod:pterus faber (Atlantse spadehsh) 2 4.10 rnonores in6pfus crass.ceps (tpshead searobrn) 1 23 Bemedae (leneye noundws)

Musihdae (munets)

Paraiechmys a#6egvMa (Culf Runder) 2 7,25

1. "'#'*""*#'"(***"d"""d"3 I #

Muget trachoden (fantail mullet) 75 11.17.23,27 Murrf eurerna (white monet) 2 23 Solendae (so8es)

Mug4 cephalus (stnped monet) 14 ll.23,24.25,26 Acherus kneefus (kned sole) 4 1.10.33

- Carangedae (socks, scads. & pompanosi Cynostossidae (tonguefishes)

Chsoroscombrvs chrysvevs (bumper) 2 9.43 Symphurus plageuse (tifachcheek tonguensh) 2 7 Ohgophtes savevs (featherlacket) 9 S.11.16.23,24 8alist dae (t.1ggerfishes & faefeshes)

Serene womer (loondown) 1 9 Stephanofers hssp4vs (planehead filefish) 63 10.12.14.20.21.

Frechenotus fascatus (pwmet) 3 15 22.33.34.37,38.

Lesognat9idae (monarras) 39.40.41.42,43.19 f vcenostomus guis (sdver genny) 259 7.8.9.13.14.15.16.

Monacanthus cehatus (fnnsed filefish) 18 6.14.20.21.

17.I8.19.21.22.23.

33.38 42.43 24.25.26,27,29.32. Tetradontedse (puffers) 33.35,37.40.42.43 Sphaercedes nepf'efus (Southern puffer) 16 26.32.33,38.40 fue'nostomus argenteus (spotf6n mojarra) 192 - 1.S.11.13 IS 16.17. Deodontdae(porcupinefishes) 18.23,25,26,27,33.

Chelorreycterus schoeph (stnpod burrfist) 19 6.8.10.12.31.

42 1S.20.27,42,29.

facenostomus spp. (suvandes)

Echemdae (remoras) -

- 6.8.13,14,20,37 36.37.40.41,43 Ostracudae (trunktishes)

- Echene s neverates (sharnsucher) 1 1 Acantnestracion quadncornes (confesh) 9 6.21.38 Serramdae (sea basses)

- Centroonstes mofanes (soutfiern sea bass) 7 14.19.20.30,42 Ospeectrum formosum (sand perch) 4 10, se 49 TABLE 6. CHECKLIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED, INCLUDING TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH SPECIES AND THE COLLECTION NUMSER IN WHICH EACH IS FOUND i

e 1

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17 a.m.

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Echinoderms tytechenus vanegatus

11. til, IV, V, VI, VII Mollusks Settram varium IV, VI, Vil, Vill Moneta quenqueesperferets I, H Tr shora 30 IV Arbacia punctulata IV Epetomum sp.

IV Lusdes clathrata Ill Crepedula plena 111. IV. V. VI. Vll. Vill Lusdea alternata ill, IV Crepsdula tornecata til. IV. V. VI Vll. Vilf Astropecten dupheatus 111 Strombus aratus IV fchenaster spinusosus V. VII Natica so.

fl. ill Pokances duchcatus I, i1. El1 Ascideans Styeda phcata lla. IV, V. VI. Vit. Vitt, IX S.num perspectevum Ill. W Perophora varedes VI, vil Mures pomum IV Muren d*Iectus CV n-,.w Crustaceans Penaeus ducrarum

1. 11. 111,IV. V. VI. VII, Vlli Eupleurs solcedentate V. VI, Vil Penchmer:es amencanus V, VI. Yll. Vill Urosalpses tampeenses Wil Hippotysmata wurdentnenne N. VI. Vil Urosalpens perrugata IV. VI Passemonetes enfermedius V. VI. Vll. Vill Thars haemastoma haysse VI. Vill Palaemonetes posso V. VI. Vit. Vill Anachas avara IV. V. VI. Yll, Vill Toiouma cerchnenses IV. V, VI, Vll. Vill MitreHa lunata IV. Y, VI. Vll Ylli A8pheus heterochaehs IV. V. VI. VI, Vill Mefongens corona V, VI N'ppolyte pleuracanthe V. VI. Vll. V1tl SusyCon contrareem IV. V. VI. Vll. Vill CaNenectes sapedus 1.11. Ill. IV. V. VI. Vll. Vill. IX Susycon speratum lit. IV

- furypanopeus depressus III. IV. V, VI, Vil, Y111. IX fisssanus reber fl. V. VI. Vll. VIH. IX Neopanope forana 511. IV V. VI. Vll. Vill, IX Fasceolaria hunteres IV Menippe mercenana IV. V. VI. VII Vill Chwa sayana

1. 141 Lebenre dulpa IV. V. VI. VII. Vill Ohvena sp.

W. VI

. Petrohsthes armatus IV. V. VI. Yll Prunum spacenum IV. V, VI. Vil Pennesa sp.

II. IV VI Su#a oceedentahs fit, V, Vt. Vil Pagurus annubpes IV. VI. Yt. VII. Vill Sursatella teachs pier

b. VI, Ytt. Vill Pegurus longscarpus II. Ill TurboneNa sp.

IV. V Pegurus inpressus 11 til Odostomea sp.

W. VI. Vil, Vill Petrocheres behamenses IV A cheton (?)

IV, V. VI. Vil Upogetha affenes VI, Vill Nucusa pronerna V. VI. Vill Cathanassa sp.

VI, Ylli Nuculana concentreca V. VI. Vil, Vill Noetia ponderosa IV. V Polychaetes Aren. coa enstata V. Yll. Vill Anadara transversa IV. V. VI. Vtl ciyeers amer. cans til. V. VI. Vit. Vill Anadara overes IV Marphysa sanguinea V. VI. Vril. IX Mod >olus domessus Vill. IX Nerees succenes V. VI, Vlfl. lX Brachrodontes erustus IV. V. VI. Vil, Vllt, IX Onupass erem fa oculata

18. III. IV. V. VI. Vll. Vill Arnna r<geda 111. IV. V Scoloples rubra Ill. V, VI. VII Argopecten wredians Scopatra cupreaoloples tragrhs III. V. VI. Vil coricertrtus ill. IV, V, VI. Vll. Vill D

tv. V. VI. Vil Crassostrea vergirisca 111. IV. V. VI. Vll. Vill, IX

. Chaeto0terus variopedsfus IV Cardite tiondena IV V. VI, Vll, Vill freone beteropode Ill. Vlli Trachycardsum egmentsanum IV, V.VI (oemas enedusa lit. V

&aevocardsum mortone IV. V, VI, VII Cfymeneus mucuosa II. V. VI. VII. vilt Dinoca deum robustum i

Laeonerees cufvers V. VI Mercenerna mercenaria all. IV. W. VI, VII Pectinarea goulded

. If, lit. IV, VI Anomasocardia cune mens Vlti Chenae cancenata IV. V. VI Mollusks Norst,na vergraea.

IX Macrocalhsta numbosa

1. IV Turbo castanea IV Tefhna tampmenses

11. V Latonna we' rata IX. X Donas verrabfis I

Lettenna angul*9 era iX. X Tagefus devesus Vill Caecum sp.

IV. v. VI. Vil f asas maner VI. VSS SateNarse mensma

11. V. VI. VII Octopus soubene IV Caretheum marscarum VI. VII TABLE 7. BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES SAMPLED FROM MARINE WATERS BETWEEN THE ANCLOTE RIVER MOUTH AND ANCLOTE KEY

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22 e -

THERMAL ADDITION

%FI m%F CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE 1

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY Supervisor Edwin A. Joyce, Jr.

i Staff Churchill B. Grimes Stanley W. Morey Joe Mountain l

1 i

gg*

23 FOR JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER 1970 to 1970. Ambient air temperature was higher in 1970. Even though both sets of measurements Crystal River Field Laboratory are with one unit in operation, unit #2 has a July 1970: Screenwash sampling for July indi-greater generating capacity than unit #1 as well cated that slightly less was captured in 1970 as as greater cooling water flow. There also could opposed to 1969 (species and Individuals). The be differences in the electrical load placed on above comparison may only be drawn during the units from 1969 to 1970.

daylight hours as no data is available from 1600 hours0.0185 days <br />0.444 hours <br />0.00265 weeks <br />6.088e-4 months <br /> on from the July 1969 sample. Large September 1970: All phases of sampling were amounts of grass were reported at the intake in completed.

July 1969, this has not been observed this July.

Mr. Peter Bibco of Westinghouse Corpora-Routine temperatures and salinities in com.

tion spent September 14--18 at the lab conduct-parisoc to those of July 1969 indicate that tem.

ing preliminary zooplankter condenser entrain-peratus es were slightly higher in July 1969, even ment studies.

though air temperatures were greater in 1970.

Preliminary observations from this work in-The significance of this difference cannot be dicated that zooplankters passing through the ascertained as tide observations were not made condenser during this time were unharmed. The in July 1969. It has been noted that tempera-samples collected consisted primarily of crab tures in the discharge can vary considerably zoea, copepods, Euphausid shrimps, veliger lar-with the tides.

vae and chaetognaths. All the larval fishes were Data obtained from seining stations indi-dead but since none were taken at the intake cated relativelf large numbers of juvenile and it could not be determined if they were alive upon other small fishes present in the salt marsh entry into the plant, killed in the Plankton net at areas near the plant. Temperatures at these sta-discharge, or even if they had passed through tions ranged from 31.5* to 35.3*C and depths the condensers.

of 6 inches to 1 foot. The least number of species Routine temperatures and salinities in the and individuals were captured where tempera-discharge canal showed approximately a 1.0-tures were lowest and depth greatest.

1.S*C temperature decrease from August. Sa-linity readings in September were considerably August 1970: In general, trawl samples indi-higher than those noted in August.

cated fewer individuals and species than the May-June sample. There were no great differ-St. Petersburg Laboratory ences for the trawl catches for August 1970 The staff at the St. Petersburg laboratory are still and 1969.

in the process of preparing for publication the New oysters, Crassostrea virginica and pin.

mass of information collected during the first fish, Lagodon rhomboldes, were placed in hold.

year's study.

Ing pens and baskets on the structures in the it is the opinion of the staff that this publica-discharge. The pinfish are alive and apparently tion will make a valuable contribution to the doing well, whereas the oysters have suffered State of Florida and to the scientific world.

mortalities as high as 30% within the first 3 Mr. Stan Morey, project leader for thermal days of captivity, effects studies, is planning a series of experi.

Discharge temperatures were slightly lower meats utilizing a new closed-system tank and than July 1970, especially toward the west end synthetic seawater. Some of these studies will of the canal. Unit #1 was not in operation at this investigate the effects of:

time. Comparison of August discharge tempera-(1) Varying temperatures as opposed to con-tures from 1969 & 1970 revealed an average stant temperatures of 2-3 degrees temperature elevation from 1969 (2) Salinity and temperature

24 4

(3) Lethal temperatures Trawl samples indicated trends similar to those (4) lonic changes found in 1969. Species diversity and abundance Mr. Joe A. Quick has also completed a study of individuals showed increases to about mid-of temperatures an oyster is exposed to in the November when they reached a peak for the field. This was done with the aid of a Yellow year. Toward the end of December species and Springs thermistor probe and recording unit.

individual abundance declined sharply. At af-The results show that oysters are exposed to fected trawl statbns near the discharge the win-water temperatures above 35'C normally, and ter decline occurred at a later date than at that their body temperatures may reach 49.5'C hydrologically similar non-affected trawl sta-without apparent damage. It must be noted that tions. Affected trawl stations also showed greater they are exposed to these temperatures for only fall species diversity and abundance than nord short periods of time.

affected stations. These general effects were The manuscript for our first year's study will slight and only observable at trawl stations lo-probably be ready for publication by the first cated inshore and very close to the west end of of the year.

the discharge canal.

Species diversity of fishes at trawl stations Respectfully submitted, of increasing distance from the end of the dis-charge canal was computed for different months of 1969. A slight shift in species diversity toward Stanley Morey the discharge in December was noted. However, Project Leader, Thermal Effects Studies the greatest species diversity always occurred at intermediate depth stations in areas posses-22 October 1970 sing extensive grass flats.

General inspection of 1970 data Iridicates a CC: Joel Rogers S. W. Morey similar pattern to that seen in 1969. However, Sen. R. Hodges Crystal River Lab the thermal effects appear to have been of H. Shields J. Williams greater magnitude in 1970 as would be expected R. M. Ingle Archives with the opening of Unit #2 in January 1970.

E. A. Joyce T. E. Bull. Bd.

As previously stated, an exacting analysis of 1970 data and comparison to 1969 data is OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, beginning.

DECEMBER 1970 Monthly monitoring of temperature and sa-linity stations in the intake and discharge canals Crystal River Field Laboratory continued to indicate the presence of inverse December 1970 marks the completion of another thermal layering toward the west end of the dis-year of field sampling at Crystal River. The prep-charge canal. The dua! layer system was not so aration for publication of 1969 data was also clearly defined in December as in past months.

completed. This publication (The Thermal Addi.

Seine samples for the quarter showed tion Studies of the Crystal River Steam Electric marked decreases in the presence of juvenile Station) will soon be printed and distributed, fishes in December and a differential increase included in this report are data gathered in 1969 in abundance of various Cyprinodonts (Fundulus when only one fossil-fuel unit was in operation, grandis, F.'similis, Cyprinodon variegatus, etc.).

Now that 1970 sampling is complete, work has Screenwash sampling showed large in-begun to compile this data so that it may be creases in abundance in December. This phe-analyzed and compared to 1969 data, nomenon was also observed in the winter of All phases of the sampling program were 1969. This sampling technique is a good method completed as scheduled during the quarter.

of determining general occurrence of fishes and

[

m.

25 invertebrates but is biased toward lethargic or be completed in the next quarter. Further experi-weak swimming species and therefore not a valid ments are also being planned to investigate reflection of seasonal or relative abundance.

diurnal temperature variations, lethal tempera-Several species of fish previously uncollected tures and feeding optima.

were noted in this quarter's samples (Sphaer-A new Atomic Absorption unit was recently oldes spengleri, Mystoriophis interfinctus, Lo-purchased for the Chemistry Laboratory and botes surinamensis,and Scorpaena brasiliensis),

should greatly improve the quality of trace metals analyscs.

St. Petersburg Laboratory Mrs. Jean Williams, Miss Rena Barco and The staff at the St. Petersburg Laboratory has Miss Sandra Farrington have taken over the du-recentl) completed analyses of data collected ties of the histology laboratory since the resig-from the thermal addition experiments con-nation of Mrs. Alice Gennette.

ducted this past year. Results of this study will be in manuscript form in the near future and Respectfully submitted, will be titled "A Preliminary investigation: The jd' g ggg effect of heated effluent on the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)."

Stanley Morey

/

A daily water temperature survey taken dur.

Project Leader, Thermal Effects Studies ing the past year at an oyster bar near the Howard Frankland Bridge will be used in evaluating the (A.

M results of our temperature experiments. This Churchill Grimes field data clearly indicates that oysters are sub-Marine Biologist jected naturally to temperatures above 35'C (fig.1), and that during summer average day-13 January 1971 time temperatures are around 30*C, without apparent deleterious effects. A very significant cc: Joel Rogers S. W. Morey difference between day and night temperatures Sen. R. Hodges Crystal River Lab was also elucidated.

H. Shields J. Williams A salinity-temperature synergism experiment R. M. Ingle Archives (To-9) is being planned at this time ar.d should E. A. Joyce T. E. Bull. Bd.

36 T

f.

34 f

.I T

a2 m

3o l

ii 28 l

I 26 1

I g 24 e

I o

f

]

i l

f L 22 l

T o

4 m m 8

l E la a

l 5 16 1

I e

t u

h 0 1700 2

3 lo

-j e

I MEAN j

. osoo 4

6

- low - HiGH

(

o EXTREMES l

sep oct Nov Dec Jan rob Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

)

Figure 1. Temperatures collected at Frankland Bridge Oyster Beds - September 1969-August 1970 by Stanley W. Morey 1

1

27 aJJenc'ix c s

i i

l l

l l

28 CH:a reaor:

NO. 002 ON INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY i

OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE l

University of South Florida Marine Science institute Principal Investigator Dr. Kendall L Carder Graduate Assistants Ronald H. Klausewitz Frederick C. Schlemmer ll

29 INTRODUCTION recorded water levels at Crystal River to estimate The basic behavior and extent of the thermal the level of Mean Low Water. With the acquisition plume of the Crystal River power plant has been of more data this estimate can be further refined documented for summer environmental condi-and defined.

tions. Tide appears to be the dominant motive factor in the hydrodynamics of the region, while BATHYMETRIC SURVEYS OF CRYSTAL RIVER solar radiation plays an important role in the On August 14 and August 25, surveys were made thermodynamics of the plume.

to map the oyster bars extending to the north of Measurements of salinity, temperature, and the discharge canal and to determine the bathy-depth were taken in July and August, and these metry of the discharge canal.

data were combined with May and June data to Measurements were made using a twenty-represent summer thermal plume and environ-foot metal pole marked with tape at one-foot mental conditions. The need for better resolu-increments. All depths were corrected to Mean tion in available bathymetric data for modeling Low Water. Positioning for the mapping of the purposes motivated an initial bathymetric survey oyster bars was accomplished using transits at of the discharge basin. This work will be aug-points A and B of Figure 1.* Positions of the mented once a preliminary grid for a hydrody.

measurements in the canal were taken with re-namic model has been devised and specific data spect to the Department of Natural Resources points chosen.

" thermal addition" biological station markers.

Current measurements were not taken dur-The mapping of the oyster bars was per-Ing this sampling period due to a delay in our formed to determine their true positions and receiving ordered current meters. Also, it was heights above water level as well as the positions felt that current information would be much and depths of the gaps between the bars. The more meaningful if obtained synoptically with positions of the bars as depicted ir, Figure 2 ECl temperature buoy measurements. The buoy (traced from an aerial photograph) are more system has been delayed in :ts deployment due extensive than those shown in Figure 1. It was to the lag time experienced in receiving permits found that there was an uncharted bar standing from regulatory agencies. Deployment is now 3.5 feet above Mean Low Water about fifty yards scheduled for January,1971, unless some fur-west of the end of the discharge canal. It was ther delay is incurred.

also found that the series of bars shown running northwest from the west end of the discharge ESTABLISHMENT OF MEAN canal in Figure 1 was actually a series of narrow LOW WATER LEVEL bars extending the entire distance out to the Mean Low Water level for Crystal River was es-north-south bars rather than extending only tablished by comparing the tidal information for about halfway out. In general it was found that the Withlacoochee River entrance found in the these bars stood between 1.7 to 3.5 feet above Tide Tables for 1970 (C. & G.S.,1970) with Mean Low Water. It was noted that there were the recorded water levels at the Crystal River several gaps between the bars rather than only j

plant. In view of the proximity of the Withla-one, and they were relatively narrow with maxi-

)

coochee River entrance to the Crystal River plant, mum depths ranging from 2 to 5.8 feet. The it was felt that the ratio of high water to low channel known as Demory Gap was found to be water at both stations would be approximately about two hundred feet wide and 4.9 feet deep equal. The ratio between high and low water at A survey of the bars extending north-north-the Withlacoochee Piver was determined using west from near the fourth marine monitoring the Tide Tables. This ratio was applied to the station was initiated, but a motor malfunction prevented further work in that area. Additional

• Tables and Figures are shown on pp. 34 through 45.

work is required to map these bars. Future sur-

30 veys are also required to map the series of north-lished as point D (See Figure 1) and used for south bars which form an outer sill of the plume positioning in the basin south and west of the basin west of the discharge canal.

discharge canal spoil bank.

The bathymetric survey of the discharge canal was accomplished by measuring the water CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 3 depths along lines perpendicular to the axis of At 1055, the investigation commenced with a the canal at the output basin, at each biological seven-station analysis of the discharge canal station, as well as along lines halfway between starting at the output basin with stations at each each pair. These bathymetric sections are shown Department of Natural Ret.curces " thermal ad-in Figure 3. They are laid out proceeding down dition" marker in the canM as well as halfway the canal from east to west at 500-yard intervals.

between. Measurements were taken at the sur-A vertical to horizontal scale of 10 to 1 was used face, three feet, five feet, ten feet, and at the with one inch (l') equaling 10 feet in the vertical bottom. Surface temperatures ranged from and 100 feet in the horizontal. The slope of the 34.5'C (94.10* F) at the output basin to 30.8'C canal sides were assumed to be identical to those (87.44'F) at marker 4 (See Figure 1). The in Florida Power Corporation Drawing CR-3S weather 7as clear with a westerly breeze of six 3019 since measurements of same would have to eight knots (See Table 1).

been very time-consuming.

The basin west and south of the west end of The dashed lines indicate extrapolated the spoil bank was investigated next with a seven-depths which will be verified on future bathy-station survey. Transit fixes from points A and metric surveys. It was noted that the bottom of D (Figure 1) provided data point positions. Here the north side of the output basin had been it was found from the temperature and salinity scoured out to a greater depth than the south-contours (Figures 7 and 8) that part of the plume side nearer the discharge pipes. On succeeding had been pushed back into the area south of sections it was found that a deeper cut had been the spoil bank cutting off a portion of the plume made on the south edge of the canal than on the and trapping it in that region.

north edge but practically disappearing at the in the late afternoon with the high water of third " thermal addition" station where the north the flood tide, the areas north of the canal were bank of the canal ends. Another cut began at investigated at seventeen stations. The same the middle of the section at the fourth " thermal three water types found previously (See Data l

addition" marker and became wider and shal.

Report No. 001) were found. The frontal region lower at each successive section ranging from between the plant outflow water and the vVih-17.3 feet near the north side of the output basin lacoochee River water was still evident as W l

to 12.0 feet near mid-channel between the first from the concentration of the salinity and tem-l and second " thermal addition" markers. There perature contours of Figures 7 and 8. Surface l

was an average maximum depth of 13.5 feet.

temperatures ranged from 34.3*C (93.74*F) l The depths at mid-channel ranged from 16.5 to 30.6*C (87.08'F). Salinities ranged from feet in the output basin to 10.4 feet between the 24.65 10 22.0 first and second " thermal addition" markers with an average depth of 12.9 feet.

CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 4 At 1204, a fifteen-station survey of the salinities OPERATIONAL PROCEDWiES and temperatures in the outflow canal began, The operational procedures used in the STD sur-commencing at the plant outfall with stations in veys of July 24, July 31, and August 7, were the outfall basin, at each of the Department of essentially those used in the previous surveys Natural Resources " thermal addition" markers, and described in Data Report No. 001. An addi-and at appropriate points between markers.

tional transit at site checkg;oint No. 2 was estab-Depths sampled were surface, three feet, five

31 feet, ten feet, and just above the bottom. Surface tween the thermal plume and the gulf water temperatures ranged from 37.4*C (99.32*F) at pushing up the canal. The frontal region was the outfall basin to 32.7*C (90.86'F) at the fifth easily found visually by an obvious change in marker. Salinities ranged from 25.7 at the water color between the two water masses. This outfall basin to 24.2 about two-thirds of the frontal region was further identified by a sudden way between the fourth and fifth markers. Me.

rise of 3.9'C (7.02*F) in temperature and I

teorological conditions are shown in Table 2.

1.9 in sa!!nity as the front was crossed. The The weather was generally clear with a light frontal region was located between the third and breeze from the south-southwest. By the end of fourth " thermal addition" markers.

the survey of the outflow canal, a storm was

]

approaching.

DISCUSSION During the high tide of the afternoon, mea-Figure 1 is a drawing of an enlargement of bathy-surements were taken at 31 stations in the area metric Chart No.1259 of the U.S. Coast and of the mud flats north of the canal at the surface, Geodetic Survey as used in Figure 1 of Data three foot, and, when possible, five foot depths.

Report No. 001. Points A, B. C, and D represent Surface temperatures ranged from 36.5*C transit sites established for data point position (97.70'F) to 31.7'C (89.06'F). Salinities verification. The " biological stations" represent ranged from 25.6 to 20.3

. Positioning the Department of Natural Resources " thermal was determined from tr1nsits set up at points addition" biological station markers which were A, B, and D of Figure 1.

also used for data point positioning in the outflow canal.

CRYSTAL RlVER STD SURVEY NO. 5 Figure 2 is a map of the oyster bars and other At 0945, a twelve-station survey of the outflow topography exposed at low tide as seen from an canal was commenced, beginning at the outfail aerial photograph. A comparison of Figure I and basin with stations at the outfall basin, at every Figure 2 illustrates obvious differences between Department of Natural Resources " thermal ad-the bathymetry and topography shown on the dition" marker, and halfway between the mark bathymetric chart versus that which is tresent ers. Depths sampled were surface, three feet,

now, five feet, and ten feet as well as just above the Figure 3 contains bathymetric cross-sections bottom. Surface temperatures ranged from of the discharge canal, which were discussed 36.2*C (97.16*F) at the outfall basin to 33.5'C previously in the bathymetric section of this (92.30*F) at the fifth marker. Salinities ranged report.

i from 26.6 at the outfall basin to 26.2 at Figures 4, 5, and 6 respectively contain the the fourth marker. The weather was clear with vertical temperature, salinity, and density cross-only a light breeze (See Table 3).

sections of the discharge canal found during an

{

During flood tide, a fourteen-station survey ebbing tide on July 24. It can generally be seen was made of the basin region just west and south-from these figures that the thermohaline frontal westof theendof theoutflowcanal.Surfacetem-region described in Data Report No. 001 had peratures ranged from 33.5'C (92.30'F) to traveled completely out of the outflow canal with l

31.2*C (88.16*F). Salinities ranged from the ebbing tide. This is seen from the relatively 26.4 to 20.9

. Positioning was deter-wide separation of the vertical isothermal, iso-mined from transits set up at points B and D of haline, and isopycnal lines with no apparent Figure 1.

sharp gradients.

Upon completion of the survey of the basin, Figures 7 and 8 contain surface temperature further measurements were made in the outflow and salinity contours north, west, and south of canal from the fifth marker to the third marker the discharge canal at low to high tide on July for purposes of finding the frontal region be.

24. The salinity and temperature contour

• in the

32 region south of the discharge canal spoil bank the plant. " Ambient Temperature" is the water loop back eastward around the end of the spoil temperature at the condenser input. " Output bank. This implies that a portion of the thermal Temperature" is the surface temperatur e at the plume was pushed back in the early stages of output basin. The surface temperaw s at the flood tide and trapped in the basin south of the third biological station was picked because the spoil bank. The contours west and north of the discharge canal is relatively closed with a source discharge canal are typical of the thermal plume of gulf and Withlacoochee River water at the west when the tidal conditions are changing from ebb end and thermal plume water at the east end.

to flood. The contours appear to be blunt and Their mixture resultsin the dilution of the ptume.

wide rather than elongated and narrow as seen There is a drainage pipe from a swampy area during strong ebb tides.

north of the canal which enters between the first Figures 9,10, and 11 respectively show the and second biological stations, but the flow vertical temperature, salinity, and density cross-through that pipe on the survey days was con-sections of the discharge canal found during a sidered negligible compared to the aforemen-flood tide on July 31. The thermohaline frontal tioned water sources. The minimum temperature region described in Data F;eport No. 001 is very measured in the plume basin (areas north and evident near Station 3 depicted by the sharp west of the discharge canal) should be fairly temperature and density gradients.

representative of the temperature of the guif and Figures 12 and 13 contain surface and three Withlacoochee River water which was mixing foot temperature and salinity contours north of with the thermal plume. This temperature is the discharge canal at high tide on July 31. These quite dependent on solar radiation in the summer contours again depict the two-layered system due.o the shallowness of the plume basin, previously described in Data Report No. 001 with it can generally be seen that the percentage the thermal plume water wedging under the temperature loss between these two points is a cooler, fresher Withlacoochee water. This is es-function of the tidal condition, the meteorologi-pecially evident in the salinity contours.

cal conditions, and the temperature of the With-Figures 14,15, and 16 respectively contain lacocchee Riverand gulf waters. On June 20 end the vertical temperature, salinity, and density July 31 the thermal plume was restricted to the cross-sections found in the discharge canal canal at high tide and was not allowed to flow out during early ebb tide on August 7. It can gener-as at low tide. This would also serve to restrict ally be seen that the thermohaline frontal region the advective flow of heat out of the canal. Mixing has already retreated out of the discharge canal across the front would be the primary means of with the ebbing tide. As mentioned previously, temperature reduction in this case. The data of the afternoon survey found that the front subse-July 24 and August 7 Imply that ebb tide allows quently returned to the canal during flood tide the heat to be advectively discharged down and was readily identifiable.

the canal.

Figures 17 and 18 contain the surface and The data of May 23 appear to be anomalous, five foot temperature and sannity contours found since they were collected at high tide in the in the basin west and southwest of point B on presence of a high temperature gradient down August 7. The influence of the flooding tide can the canal in this case the effects of meteoro-readily bc seen in the bending and blunting of logical conditions upon the temperature of the the temperature and salinity contours as the diluting water from the tidal flats may account contours were pushed back by the influx of gulf for the temperature loss. On May 22, the weather water. It is apparent that a part of the plume was was cloudy and cool with a 15-20 knot westerly pushed into the small basin south of the west wind blowing. The presence of clouds reduced end of the discharge canal as was also seen in the normal summer solar heating, and the water Figures 7 and 8.

temperature in the tidal flats was lower than Table 4 shows the temperature loss from the normal. The water in the deeper intake canal output basin to the third " thermal addition" would have been relatively less affected by the marker as a percentage of the temperature rise reduced solar radiation. As the tides ebbed of the condenser cooling water in going through during the early morning hours of May 23, this t

i

.w.>

+

w.

% =

33 water was entrained in the thermal plume and the thermohaline front at high tide.

mixed with it. During flood tide the cooler than Temperature losses down the canal were normal mixed water was pushed back up the compared for the entire summer measurement canal tending to abnormally reduce the canal period (May 23-August 7). They reflected the water temperature when the May 23 measure-thermal advection down the discharge canal dur-ments were taken near mid-day. It was also ing ebb tide and thermal restriction in the canal observed (Table 4) that the relative humidity and during flood tide. Apparent anomalies on May 23 air temperature on May 23 were lower (53%

and July 24 were hyp /hetically resolved by the and 83*F) than on the other days, which would observation that a cc :I and cloudy preceding day allow a greater than normal amount of heat to Nuch as May 22) v suld have reduced the am-be lost to the atmosphere through evaporation

..ient water tempersture in the tidal flats enough and back radiation. These latter factors are that its mixing wi'.n the thermal plume would cul-considered to be of secondary importance, minate in a low'er temperature down the canal.

The effects of meteorological conditions The highest measured summer temperature could also have played a part in the rather high (99.32*F) was in the outlet basin on July 31.

temperature loss found on July 24 since the The highest temperature at the third " thermal ambient water temperature was lower than the addition" marker was 97.70*F on July 31.

others in Table 4. Unfortunately, meteorological The emplacement of ECl telemetering ther-data at the plant on the days preceding the sur-mistor buoys will provide hourly temperature vey of July 24 are not available so it can only be data for better documentation of the thermal surmised that phenomena similar to those of plume size and location. A pyrheliometer will May 22 were involved.

provide net incoming radiation data for use in A day-by-day record of the meteorological modeling the thermodynamic aspects of the conditions as weil as instrumentation to measure plume. Water current measurements will be nec-incoming solar radiation and water surface back essary to initiate a mathematical hydrodynamic radiation are essential to such thermodynamic model under development at the Marine Science studies. They will be requested shortly for use in Institute, and fluorescent dye tracing techniques the testing of the thermodynamic aspects of the will be applied to the determination of flushing thermal effluent model being developed at the rates and eddy diffusivity coefficients. lt is antici-Marine Science Institute.

pated that data from each of these instruments will be available for the next data report.

CONCLUSIONS The bathymetry and topography shown on Chart Respectfully Submitted by No.1259 of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey appear to have been extensively modified since M

d that survey was made. The oyster bars are more Kendall L. Carder extensive and more gaps exist between them than Assistant Professor are shown on the chart. Bathymetric sections Marine Science Institute were also made in the discharge canal at 500 yard intervals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Salinity and temperature patterns appear to Carder, Kendall L.,1970. Data Report No. 001, be quite similar to those of Data Report No. 001 Independent environmental study of thermal except that the ebb to flood phase of the tide effects of power plant discharge. Environmen-was reflected in the measurements. During thi.,

tal Status Report (July, August, September),

phase the thermal plume frontal region was Florida Power Corporation, pushed back up the canal, leaving a portion of Tidal Current Tables,1970. Atlantic Coast of the ebb plume trapped to the south of the dis-North America, Coast and Geodetic Survey, charge spoil bank.

ESSA, U. S. Department of Commerce.

Density sections along the canal axis de-Tide Tables,1970. East Coast North and South picted instabilities at various points, suggesting America, Coast and Geodetic Survey, ESSA, a great deal of vertical mixing, especially east of U. S. Department of Commerce.

34 Dete:

July 24,1970 Times of Meesurements: 8egin work.

1055 Complete output channel work 1212 Basin work complete 1830 Tidos:

HT. (Ft.)

(Tide Tables.1970) 0530

+3.6 Hi 1055

+2.04 Study 8egins 1256

+0.8 Lo 1812

+3.1 Hi 1830

+3.0 Study Ends 2358

+ 1.4 Lo Currents:

VEL (Kts.)

DIR.

(Tidal Currel.t Tables.1970) 0726

.78 Ebb 1356

.84 Flood Wind:

30' Level VEL (MPH)

DIR.

1055 8

Not Functioning Mid 8

Not Functioning 1830 6

300' Range 4 10 120' 300*

Mean 8

290' Power Generation: ' Gross) 1055 755 M.W.

Mid 803 M.W.

1830 793 M.W.

Range 755 803 M.W.

Mean 794 M.W.

Water Temp.: (Ambient)

('F)

('C) 1055 83 28.3 Mid 83 28.3 1830 84.5 29.2 Range 83-84.5 28.3 29.2 Mean 83 28.3 Air Temp. (Ambient) &

('F)

('C)

Relative Humidity:

1055 82 27.8 85 Mid 90 32.2 61 1830 88 31.1 71 Range 82 90 27.8 32.2 56-85 Mean 88 31.1 68 TABLE 1. CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 3 i

..~-.m

35 1

Date:

July 31,1970 Times of Measurements: Begin work 1204 Complete output channel 1444 Basin work complete 1830 Tides:

HT, (Ft.)

(Tide Tables.1970) 0820

+1.85 Lo 1204

+3.75 Study Begins 1320

+4.80 Hi 1830

+1.45 Study Ends 2040

+0.15 Lo Currents:

VEL (Kts.)

DiR.

(Tidal Current Tables,1970) 0545

.76 Ebb 1040

.54 Flood 1815

.51 Ebb Wind:

150' Level VEL (MPH)

DIR.

(30' down 1204 8

225' for repair) Mid 5

105' 1830 10 150' Range 0 10 100-300*

Mean 7

250' Power Generation: (Gross) 1204 809 M.W.

Mid 809 M.W.

1830 811 M.W.

Range 806-814 M.W.

Mean 810.4 M.W.

Water Temp.: (Ambient)

('F)

('C) 1204 87 30.6 Mid 88 31.1 1830 88 31.1 Range 87 88 30.6 31.1 Mean 87.6 30.9 Air Temp. (Ambient) &

('F)

('C)

• /.

Itelative Humidity:

1204 84 28.9 78 Mid 86 30.0 70 1830 86.5 30.3 67 Range 83 89 28.3 31.7 66 78 Mean 86.4 30.2 71.8 TABLE 2. CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 4

4 i

36 1

Date:

August 7,1970 Times of Measurements: Begin work 0945 Complete output channel 1118 Basin work complete 1530 Tides:

HT. (Ft.)

(Tide Tables,1970) 0540 4.0 Hi 0945 1.9 Study Begins 1130 0.9 Lo 1530 3.0 Study Ends 1750 3.9 Hi Currents:

VEL (Kts.)

DIR.

(Tidal Current Tables.1970) 0900

.63 Ebb 1450

.68 Flood 2050

.54 Ebb Wind:

30' Level VEL (MPH)

DIR.

0945 1

170' Mid 6

220' 1530 8

240*

Range 0-12 90 240' Mean 5

220*

Power Generation:(Gross) 0945 545 M.W.

Mid 840 M.W.

1530 851 M.W.

Range 545-851 M.W.

Mean 766 M.W.

Water Temp.: (Ambient)

('F)

('C) 0945 87 30.56 Mid 87 30.56 1530 88 31.11 Range 87-88 30.56 31.11 Mean 87.3 30.72 Air Temp. (Ambient) &

(* F)

('C)

Relative Humidity:

0945 81.5 27.5 80 Mid 86 30.0 71 1530 84.5 29.17 71.5 Range 81.5 87 27.5-30.56 68-80 Mean 85.12 29.51 71.6 TABLE 3. CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 5 l

l l

Ambient Temperature Maximum Output Surface Temperature at % Temp. Minimum Temp. Measured Date (Condenser input)

Temperature Third Biological Station Loss in Plume Basin May 23.1970 25.22*C (77.4

• F) 33.0*C (91.40'F) 29.7'C (85.46*F) 42.4 26.2*C (79.16'F) l June 20,1970 30.56*C (87'F) 37.2*C (98.96* F) 36.4*C (97.52* F) 12.0 32.5'C (90.50'F) i July 24,1970 28.33 *C (83

• F) 34.4*C (93.92*F) 31.6*C (88.88* F) 46.1 l

July 31,1970 30.56*C (87'F) 37.4

• C (99.32

• F) 36.5'C (97.70* F) 13.2 32.7'C (90.86* F)

. August 7,1970 30.56'C (87'F) 36.2*C (97.16'F) 34.5'C (94.10* F) 30.1 32.2'C (89.96* F) l TABLE 4. PERCENTAGE TEMPERATURE LOSS IN THE ENCLOSED PORTION OF THE DISCHARGE CANAL AT CRYSTAL RIVER

37 f.

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e 3 Figure 1. Bathymetric chart of the region of thermal discharge (Chart No. C. & G. S.1259).

l i

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DEMOR GAP k,w,Y p

s s,

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V Figure 2. Exposed regions at the Crystal River plant at low tide.

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L Vertical scale-1"a 10'

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DeLance between sections a 500yords Dotted hnes impiy en tro potote d bothymetric depths Slope of conot assumed to be identical i

to those of FPC drawing No. CR 3 53Ol9 Figure 3. Bathymetric cross sections of discharge canal (taken at each Marine Monitoring Station).

J BIOLOGICAL STATICNS i

2 3

4 o

1, y

p i

g.

2--

e 32 5 4--

335 0 --

I 6--

34 0

1. 0

\\

z 33 0 31.5

> 1

=

Eg..

32 0 so-.

12--

I 14

$AMPLING STATIONS Figure 4. Temperature sections on July 24.

b; 39 BIOLOGICAL STATIONS o

1 2

3 4

..\\

I-l-

r i

T f

3. 25 0 24 S 2-1s- -

h..

{e-

.g..

10-

\\

12-

[

3n t

""{

345 i4 e

i i

e t-t L

i SAMPLING STATIONS Figure 5. Salinity sections on July 24.

BIOLOGICAL STATIONS t

2 3

4

/

/'O-i> >

4--

t

.3 3"

i 12 7 l

13 4 s

13 2 t2 9 i35 o

13 6 IO-

[

12--

37 13 6' 1

I I

I i

.I i

1 l4

,4 SAMPLING STATIONS Figure 6. Density sections on July 24.

40 r

51 I

i Y'#0 8

0S jo 3-6"g4LJs's A 1

r

~

40

+

er 3f C sos c O

O

1. • In sr,7, 30g

? o ?'";p03 g,

Os I

/

o

$00 soon

MOs neur,7 Surt,cetem

!* cong#U'S Outy g4,.

2 13 3

• is fo 140 b

9" h

9*

t

(

Q J'E

, ** fII

's 7

2

<o 9

N

/ se 24 h

04r, 3r4rro 23 8

1. 03 l

I

'00

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41 BIOLOGICAL STATIONS I

2 3

4 5

0 2-

/ 35 0 35 5 4-36 0 p g3

6-3 MS MS "O

5 us e-2 E

340 32 0 w

I Q so -

32 5 I

'2 -

j.

g, 16 I

I I

I t

t I

f f

SAMPLING STATIONS Figure 9. Temperature sections on July 31.

BIOLOGICAL STATIONS 2

3 4

l-i-

r 2-4-

j 240

$6--

25 5 245 1go..

y 25 0 25 5

. t0 <

32-g4 to --

/.

t 1

l t

t t

I I

I SAMPLING STATIONS Figure 10. Salinity sections on July 31.

42 BIOLOGICAL STATIONS e

2 3

4 0

T 2-

,5

-IE 4'

12 3 js-I N'

n.a So

. a,g so.

Q

is i

\\

(,{;\\

12

)

,1 16 I

f f

f f

f I

f f

SAMPLING STATIONS Figure 11. Density sections on July 31.

St

) h' t

+

S

/

/

+

4. j

/

l

/

4S l

1 ~~-_

,/

, \\

3 7

, g - -

.; / t' g

+

+

e

+

/

-Y svaract o

_ _ _._ sroor 0

4 cara station nauticat esites o oe oa os o4 o,s

'ns Figure 12. Surface and 3 foot temperature contours on July 31.

43 si s2 S 4es,'

i o

f

/

/,/

/

s 2s I+,I l

I 21 0

/

+f

,Qs

/

/

/f

/

/

/

t

+'/

g' gi f+

\\ '

+

j[

f" gS 220

+/ /

j D

0 'C'gno t

.p +

0

$URfact O

---

s roof O

k OATA $7 Af sgg NauTIC AL MLCS

? 08 02 os os os '

i y

'a=

Figure 13. Surface and 3 foot salinity contours on July 31.

BIOLOG CAL STATIONS o

i-P 2-u3

/

4-34 0 -

y 8'"

35 o 5

8--

34,

o 80-12--

14 f

I f

SAMPLING S TATIONS Figure 14. Temperature sections on August 7.

44 BIOLOGICAL STATIONS I

2 3

4 0

r

'V V

V I

2' 26 5 263 20 4 -

--26 6

~

.d 6 --

Z 26 4 Es-w o

10-

{.

26.4

/

12 --

I I

14 S A MPLING STATIONS Figure 15. Salinity sections on August 7.

BIOLOGICAL STATIONS I

2 3

4 0

\\

\\

i

's 2-'. I 33 4 g3g

=.. r.

g g6-13 6

,3. g x --

\\

r

>= g..

13 7 a

i j

10-3 i

13 6

{

t 12-A

{

i e

i i

i i

e i

.,4 SAMPLING Sl %TIONS Figure 16. Density sections on August 7.

4 45 d

_3*

t cese sees.oa.

e t s s' u.ses o

i::::-::=

m cara stations 1

5 *i uuricat uitas 9

o os oa os os os g

\\S[

l 2

O 0

'A33 9')

o soo icoo

/ 43 RNg r

va n os s

e% \\

\\

r p

4 S*

l

/,+ h* s l /

0 32 g #

,g

~

\\

_,32 5 0

p 4

4' Figure 17. Surface and 5 foot temperature contours (August 7).

o:

5 ses.ee si.e....

i t s' e.eew o

4l1ll:":0 Moata STattoms gO\\ I g\\

0 mauricag u,ggg o os of o3 o4 os 0 -

I i

t*O)/

l I

o Soo 10 o 0 o

vanos 3

1 r

37

/

/

260 es 9 \\

l

/

0

',2S S

's o

\\

ofjo

' 24S x _~

4' Figure 18. Surface and 5-foot salinity contours (August 7).

1 l

47 1

1 E

3Denc,x c

}

l 1

I I

i s

G

l n

l l

Dre-03 era::ional i

I SURVEILLANCE OF THE NUCLEAR PCWER PLANT SITE OF THE FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION, CRYSTAL RIVER SITE l

l

49 lNTRODUCTION Radiological surveillance has been conducted around Florida Power Corporation's Crystal River nuclear power plant site since May of 1969.

Previous data have been published in the Annual Report of Radiological Surveillance Activities, 1969. This publication constitutes data obtained during the period January 1-December 31,1970, and represents reporting by the Division of STATE OF FLORIDA Health to Florida Power Corporation under the terms of a grant-agreement executed July 1, Department of Health and 1970.

Future reporting will be made semi-annually Rehabilitative Services July I and January 1. Information on sampling site locations, laboratory analysis, and sensitiv-ity of these analyses are included herein.

Dr. James A. Bar, Secretary SAMPLING Food crops are not expected to constitute an im-Division of Health portant pathway since row crops are not grown commercially in the area. A citrus grove located about eight miles northeast of the plant site will be sampled. The media which will be sampled Dr. Wilson T. Sowder, Director are as follows:

Radiological and Occupational Health Section Medium Frequency Oysters Quarterly Crabs Quarterly as available Administrator Food fish Quarterly Marine Algae Quarterly Dr. Chester L Nayfield Seawater Quarterly Citrus Quarterly 1

Soil Quarterly Silt Quarterly Staff Drinking Water Quarterly Palmetto Monthly Wallace B. Johnson Cabbage Palm Monthly Particulates in Air Monthly Benjamin P. Shuler, Jr.

External Gamma (TLD)

Monthly Jerry C. Eakins There are no dairy herds in the immediate vicin-1 ity of the plant site. The closest dairy herd is John P. Lanham that of Dr. R. L. Dumas located in Inverness on Highway 41. Quarterly samples will be collected David A.Tomkins and analyzed.

50 Location of sampling sites are as follows:

Site C01 Levy County Park Site C13 Mouth of Intake Canal West End State Road 40 Silt Soil and Vegetation Biota -(Oysters)

Biota (oysters)

Sea Water Sea 'Nater Sitt Site C14 Mouth of Discharge Canal Silt Site CO2 Yankeetown (082 003 Well)

Biota -(Oysters)

Intersection State Road 40 and Sea Water Yankeetown Road Soil and Vegetation Site C15 Withlacoochee River (080401) Yankeetown Dock Site C03 Inglis Isaac Walton Lodge Adjacent to City Hall Fire Station Surface Water Soil and Vegetation Site C16 Withlacoochee River at Inglis, Site C04 Sec 7 T 17 State Road 17 E (080501) Below Dam State Park Old Dam on River Surface Water Soil and Vegetation Air Particulates TLD Site C17 Withlacoachee River at Dam Site C05 Holland Ranch (W.C. Priest, Mgr.)

(080601) Topside midehannel below Dunnellon S 24 T 24 S R 16 E Surface Water Soil and Vegetation Site C18 Yankeetown City Well Site C06 Red Level Cemetery (082003) 53' deep Potable Water Air Particulates Sec 3o R 16 E T 17 S TLD Soil and Vegetation Site C19 NW Corner SR 488 Site C07 Crystal River Pubile Water Plant and SR 495 Water Supply Air Particulates TLD Citrus Site C08 Marine Science Station Site C20 Salt River 1 ml. from (Mr. Hillard - Sec. Chief)

Crystal River SR 44 Sec 24 R 16 E T 18 S Oysters Soil and Vegetation Air Particulates TLD Sea Water Site C21 FPC Plant Site Biota (oysters -crabs)

Intake Screen Marine Organisms Site C09 Citrus County Park End SR 44 R 16 E T 18 S Site C22 Cityof Dunnellon Soil and Vegetation Drinking Water Sea Water Biota (oysters)

Site C23 Holder, Deep Well Sitt at Pure Oil Station Site C10 Indian Waters Public Site C24 City of Inverness Water Supply Drinking Water Site C11 Citrus County Park Site C25 R.L Duma* Dairy (Boat Ramp)

Inverness End SR 494 R 16 E T 18 S Milk Sample Soil and Vegetation Sea Water Site C26 Florida Power Corp. Substation Biota (oysters)

S.R. 491 between Beverfy Hills and Holder Air Particulates TLD Site C12 Homosassa Springs (Control)

!~

AJjacent to the Homosassa Springs Attraction - SR 490 Soil and Vegetation Surface Water w e== e

51 T.(

?

?

\\

l 1

I f.

c y)

\\

_/

/

& [ DUNNELLON

- - - ~ ~ -

INGUS

(

C22 22 *on?*.. A%Y}iNGLISDA tc:n s u Col FLORIDA POWER CORP. 6, c%c

' c " ^"

cos. es PLANT

/m'.

k HOLDER cdedcoQ,i,3

.i

\\

s cm-

m. =

.c.

/

BEVERLY LAKE geo9

.7 8

HILLS TSALA APOPK A GULF OF Co8 E

\\

MEXICO D

/

C 0

i.11

• 2o, -

44e' s.

.c2 CRYSTAL HOTOSASSA" 43 cj2 c24 q

ClT R U S l-I

'G (49i)

U f-r N

N x

13 t

R y

> -7 FLORIDA DIVISION OF HEALTH RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING SITES-CRYSTAL RIVER i

l l

52 The coding system for samples collected from 21 Citrus (See Nos. 56,57,58,59.)

the Crystal River area is designed to conform to (Use onlyif other codes are not the Radiological Laboratory's computer report.

available.)

ing program and to be easily applicable to field 22 Spanish Moss (Dendropogon application techniques.

ne deso) g The coding system consists of two letters and 5

Ca tor ean ean (Ricinus two digits.

Communis) See No. 41 Example: CA-01 26 Corn (Fes Mays)

C = Crystal River 27 Sunflower (Helianthus Sp.)

A = Air sample 28 Elderberry (Sambucus Simpsonii) fruit 01 = Site Location 29 Sawgrass (Maricus Jamaicensis) 30 White Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

The following samples may be collected at most 31 Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Butatus) sites:

32 Aquatic Vegetation-Do not use.

33 Sedge (Carex Sp. hacephala) 34 Sorghum (Holcus Sorghum)

1. Air = A

4. Vegetation = V ht

2. Biota = B

5. Water = W

3. Soil = S

6. Precipitation = P 37 Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora Mangle) 38 Seaweed (See No. 73)

Sample type is identified as follows:

(Use onlyif othercodes are not available.)

CODE TYPE 39 Bermuda grass (Capriola Dactrion) 40 Strawgrass (Eleocharis Sp.)

01 Milk 41 Castor Bean - Plant (See No. 25) 02 Dry Feed (Cow Feed) 42 Green Beans (Phasiolus Vulegaris) 03 WellWater(Fresh) 43 Shrimp (Deneus Sp.)

04 Surface Water 44 Crab-Blue (Callinectes Sapideus) 05 Fish (Refer to Nos. 60,61,62,63,64, 45 Lobster-Spiny (Panulirus Argus) 65,66.) (Use only if other codes 46 Sponge are not available.)

47 Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) 06 Grass (See No. 70) 48 Mushroom (Agaricoceae Sp.)

(Use onlyif othercodes Gill Mushrooms are not available.)

49 Papaya (Carica Papaya) 07 Silage 50 Sugarcane 08 Hay 51 Raccoon meat 09 Cabbage Palm Leaves (SabalPalmetto) 52 Deer meat 10 Standards 53 Tomatoes (Lycopersicon 11 Lycopersicon) 12 Leafy Vegetation (Brazilian Pepper 54 Collard Greens (Brassica Oleracea)

Tree)-Schinus Terebinthifolius 55 Crayfish (Combarus Sp.)

13 Soil 56 Orange (Citrus Sp.)

14 Oysters (Ostera Virginica) 57 Lemon (Citrus Limon) 15 Sea Water.

58 Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia) 16 Minerals 59 Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) 17 Palmetto Leaves (SabalMinor) 60 Mullet (Mugilcephalus) 18 Precipitation 61 Speckled trout (Aynoscion 19 Air Sampler Filters Nebulosus) 20 Spanish Bayonet (Yucca Gloriosa) 62 Snook(Centropomus Undecimalis)

53 63 Barracuda (Sphyraena Sp.)

MINIMUM DETECTABLE ACTIVITIES 64 Pin Fish (Tagodon rhombodies)

Sample Type Alpha Beta 65 Mangrove Snapper Air 3.2 pCi/ sample (Lutianus Grisevs) 1.2 pCl/1 Milu 66 fish-red drum (Sciaenops Soil and Silt 3.4 pCl/g ash 1.1 pCl/g ash 67 Batophora Oerstrdi(Marine Algae)

Vegetation and 3.4 pCi/g ash 0.78 pCl/g ash Biota 68 Mermaid's cup (Acetabularia Crenulata)

Marine algae Precipitation 3.4 pCi/1 0.78 pCi/1 69 Merman's shaving brush (Penicillus and water Capitatus) Marine algae 70 Turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum)

PRACTICAL REPORTING LEVEL 71 Halimeda (Halimeda incrassata)

Nuclide Min. Detectable 3.5 liter Marine algae l iiter geometry Geometry (pCO 72 Caulerpa racemosa Marine algae Ce 144 98.6 pCl 336 2 53.3 %

73 Sargassum Pteropleuron i131 18.5 pCi 60.2 51.5 %

Marine algae Ru 106 78.5 pCI 294 2 58.2 %

74 Caulerpa Sp.

Marine algae Cs 137 17.4 pCi 60.5 e 53.2%

75 Galaxaura Sp.

Marine algae Zr 95 14.6 pCi 50.7 m 52.5%

76 Dasya Sp. Marine algae Mn 54 15.2 pCi 52.8 53.4 %

77 Zn 65 32.0 pCi 10E.0 m 51.0%

78 K 40 19.4 pCI 6EO 2 51.1%

79 Ba 140 18.8 pCi 66.2 51.3 %

80 Malanga (Cuban potatoes)

SAMPLE ANALYSIS Procedure for collecting and

1. All water samples will be analyzed for tritium identifying Samples for intralaboratory (H3) utilizing liquid scintillation techniques. A Quality Control Program gross alpha and beta determination will be made of dissolved solids and of undissolved solids in

1. Collect every fifth sample in duplicate.

water.

2. Identify one sample in the usual manner by

2. Radiochemical separation of Strontium 89 noting the site description, date collected, and and Strontium 90 in milk with determination of sample type on the tag.

levels per liter.

3. Record the site description in the pre-num-

3. Gamma spectroscopy of milk samples for bered quality control record book in the appro.

Cesium 137, lodine 131, Barium 140 and Potas-priate section (i e., in the Turkey Point section sium 40.

or the Crystal River section).

4. Radiochemical separation of Cobalt 58, Co-

4. Identify the other sample by noting the qual-bait 60 and Iron 55 with determination of levels.

ity control sample number corresponding to the

5. Analysis of Strontium 90 and Phosphorous site description, the date collected, and the sam-32 in selected seafood.=amples by liquid scintil-pie type on the tag. For example, if site TV19 is lation techniques.

entered in the quality control record book oppo-

6. Gamma analysis by spectroscopy of all media site the quality control sample number TX101, for the following nuclides:

record TX101 instead of TV19 on the tag to-

1. Cereum 144

6. Manganese 54 gether with the date collected and the sam-

2. lodine 131

7. Zinc 65 pie type.

3. Ruthenium 106

8. Barium 140

5. At the end of each quarter return the record

4. Cesium 137

9. Potassium 40 book to the laboratory so that results of the l

S. Zirconium 95 duplicate samples can be matched.

54 Notes:

CRYSTAL RIVER DATA (a) Every effort should be made to insure that The following data on the internal quality control the duplicate samples are identical. For example, program is submitted. The procedure for quality if cabbage palm leaves were being collected, control is as follows:

one half of a leaf should be used for one sample A. Every fifth sample is split.

and the other half for the duplicate sample; or B. Sample is collected in quantity sufficient to if soil were being collected, one shovelful should provide two aliquots:

be put in one bag and the next shovelful in the

1. Liquid samples are mixed thoroughly and other bag until the bags are full, divided.

(b) Notwithstanding item 1 above, duplicate

2. Solid samples are mixed thoroughly and samples should be collected only at sites where quartered. Quarter 1 and 3 constitute sam-sufficient material is available for two complete pie one while quarters 3 and 4 constitute samples. The laboratory error is high when an sample two.

insufficient amount of sample is analyzed, and C. Quality control sample is submitted to the this situation should be avoided.

laboratory bearing only the designation X and (c) Until after all analyses have been completed a serial number, for a quarter, care should be taken not to indi.

D. Location of quality control sample is retained cate in any way to the laboratory staff which in a notebook and submitted to the laboratory samples are duplicates.

for identification of " blind" sample at the end (d) Over a period of a year or more it is desirable of each quarter.

to have collected samples of all types and from E. Duplicate samples are then subjected to sta-all sites. The laboratory error depends on the tistical analysis.

nuclide(s) and the concentration of the nu-The statistical analysis is based on the sampling clide(s) present in the sample, and this in turn distribution of the mean of the difference in two depends on the sample type and the sample site.

observetions.

TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF THE DIFFERENCE, pCi/ Unit Type of Type of Sample Analysis Soil Vegetation Water, UDS Water. DS Gamma, pCI/kg or L Ce 144 266 Ru 106 194 205 Cs 137 131 158 Zr 95 54 132 K 40 701 115 gross alpha 3

7 1

36 pCi/g or L gross beta 7

39 pCi/g gross beta 1776 539 2

133 pCI/kg or L weight

• 66 7

14 4

'For soil and vegetation this is the ratio of grams of ash weight to kliograms of wet weight. For Water, UDS it is the milligrams per liter.

For Water, DS it is the grams per liter of dissolved solids.

55 pCl/kg NET WEIGHT pCI/g ash Gross Gross Sample Locatian Co-144 l131 Ru 106 Cs 137 Zr 95 Mn-54 Zn 65 K40 Ba 140 Beta Alpha Sost Col 5401100 ND 200 520 ND 130 ND ND ND ND ND E

D Soil CO2 3801700 ND ND-1500 70 580 40 1200 ND ND ND ND E

D Soil CO3 4301000 ND NO 570 100-830 40 330 N D-30 ND ND ND E

D Soil C04 4401300 ND ND 910 270-620 N D-510 ND ND ND NO E

D Soil C05 7501500 ND ND-660 100 1300 60-320 ND ND ND ND E

D Soil C06 530 2000 ND-100 ND 1000 ND 1900 ND 490 N D-60 ND ND ND E

D Soil CO8 3601900 ND ND 1700 ND-60 ND 1200 ND ND ND ND E

D Soil C11 5801100 ND ND 1100 ND 420 50 700 ND ND ND ND E

D Soil C12 390 2100 ND ND 1600 N D-580 401200 ND-40 ND ND ND E

D Sitt C13 ND-650 ND ND ND ND 110 ND ND ND ND E

D Sitt C14 ND 350 ND ND ND ND 90 ND ND ND ND E

D Vegetation C01 NO-590 ND 460 1400 90-210 290 2100 ND ND 3500 7600 ND 123 281 D 16 Vegetation CO2 ND ND ND 570 370 1500 70 1100 ND ND 5600 7400 ND 210 294 D 19 Vegetation C03 ND-1400 ND ND-1700 180-760 90 2600 ND ND 2400 5100 ND-60 124193 D 17 Vegetation C04 ND ND ND 110 1100 4400 160 940 ND ND 2500 6200 68 314 D 19 Vegetation C05 ND-400 ND 350150C 390 1400 310 2000 ND ND 4000 7400 68 264 D 22 Vegetation C06 ND ND ND-1300 180 6300 170 2100 ND ND 1600-5800 109 229 D 15 Vegetation C08 ND 110 ND 270-980 N D-250 240-1400 ND ND 3900-6700 106-202 D 13 Vegetation C09 ND ND 320-1600 ND 140 150 2200 ND ND 4900 7100 141 241 D-10 Vegetation C11 ND 730 ND 520-1800 ND 160 280-3000 ND ND 3600-6600 183-277 D 21 Vegetation C12 ND-430 ND ND-870 100 330 180 1800 ND ND 2600-7500 138-236 D 11 Oyster C14 ND ND ND 500 ND ND 90 ND ND 13001900 E 37 D 18 pC1/2 pC1/1 Surface Water Col Undis.

C D

ND ND NO ND ND ND ND ND Dis.

5-139 D

Surface Water C08 C

D 10 96 D

Sea Water C09 C

D 56 162 D

Sea Water C11 C

D 99-207 D

Sea Water C12 C

D 8 101 D

Sea Water C13 ND 280 C

D 112-482 D-34 Sea Water C14 ND 310 C

D 130-430 D

Drinking C

D Water C18 C3 D

Water C16 C

D C3 D

Water C17 C

D C3 D

Oyster C14 ND ND ND-500 ND ND-90 ND ND 1300 1900 E-37 D 18 NOTES: ND-Non Detectable D - Denotes less than 7 pCi/g ash C-Denotes less than 3 pCi/1 E - Denotes less than 10 pCl/g ath Extracted by FPC from more comprehensive data reported by the Radiological and Occupational Health Section.

Figure -Gamma Spectroscopy Data (1969) for Various Environmental Media with Gross Alpha, Gross Beta Data.

i

56 pCI/kg NET WEIGHT pCi/g att Number of Gross Gr Sample Samples Location Co144 l31 Ru 106 Cs 137 Zr 95 Mn 54 Zn-65 K 40 Ba 140 Beta Air Sod 7

C01 ND 730 ND ND N D-80 NO 90 ND 30 ND ND NO E

I Soil 6

CO2 ND 770 ND ND440 ND 530 ND 200 ND ND ND ND E

I Soil 7

CO3 ND-650 ND N D-20C 60-440 ND 110 ND ND ND ND E

I Soil 6

C04 N D-780 ND ND 390 120-680 30 150 ND ND ND ND E

I Soll 7

C05 440 1400 ND ND 370 340 1000 ND 180 ND ND ND ND E 11 D

Soil 7

C06 340 900 ND-80 ND 740 ND 1100 ND 100 ND ND ND ND E

I Soil 7

C,08 390 1800 ND-100 ND 760 ND-2100 ND 260 ND 50 ND ND-550 ND E-65 D.

Soil 7

C11 540 780 N D-60 N D-320 120 450 40 110 ND ND ND ND E

I Soil 7

C12 720-1400 ND 50 ND 450 ND 1000 N D-200 ND-50 ND ND 540 ND E 10 D-Silt 3

Col ND-730 ND ND ND ND 100 ND ND ND ND E

C Silt 3

C09 ND 840 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND E

I Sitt -

4 C13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND E

I Silt 4

C14

.4D-630 ND ND ND ND 160 ND-30 ND ND ND E 11 I

Vegetation 12 C01 ND 1300 ND ND-500 130 500 30 1100 ND ND 4200-8700 ND 73 301 D-Palmetto 1

C01 ND ND ND 410 30 ND ND 8700 ND 134 2

Berries Vegetation 12 CO2 ND ND ND 710 220-900 70 580 ND ND 4800-6700 ND 112 232 D-Vegetet!on 11 CO3 ND 540 ND ND 1000 ND-370 ND 960 ND ND 120 ND-6600 ND 60 74 272 D-Vegetation 11 C04 ND ND N D-630 340 3500 130-740 ND ND 1200-5600 ND 127 243 D-Cabbage 1

C04 ND ND ND 2900 450 ND ND 3200 ND 138 1

Palm Palmetto 1

C04 ND ND ND 520 170 ND ND 1600 ND 93 1

Vegetation 12 C05 ND ND ND-680 110 1300 190 740 ND ND 1300-6200 ND 69 207 D-Palmetto 1

C05 ND ND ND 730 410 ND ND 7300 ND 162 2

Vegetation 12 C06 ND 390 ND ND 360 170 4600 70 510 N D-60 ND 3000-7300 ND 90-287 9-Vegetation 10 C08 ND 350 ND ND 700 N D-160 140-680 ND ND 4000 6800 ND 72 215 D-Vegetation 12 C09 ND ND ND 940 ND 160 N D-770 ND ND ND 7000 ND 97-243 D-Vegetation 12 C11 ND 1000 ND 360-860 ND 280 230-1500 ND ND 120 3600 6900 ND 125 264 D-Vegetation 11 C12 ND ND ND-510 ND 580 90-380 ND ND 50 2800 7500 ND 104 234 D-Seaweed 3

C11 320 930 50130 ND 610 ND 130 180-290 ND ND 1600 2900 ND 33-80 7

Citrus 5

C19 ND ND ND ND 70 ND ND AD 1500-2100 ND 159 305 15 Oysters 4

C14 ND ND 100 ND 360 ND 80 ND 30 ND ND 120 1900 2700 ND 11 57 D-Oysters 1

C08 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 43 i

Oysters 1

C11 ND ND ND ND 30 ND ND 1200 ND 87 i

Oysters 1

C13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 52 I

Mullet 3

C11 HD 740 ND 220 ND ND-130 ND 30 ND 60 ND 110 2700-3700 ND 26 27 D-Mullet 1

Col ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2400 ND 70 2

Fish 1

C21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1200 24 D

I Redfish 1

C20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2300 ND 41 i

Shrimp 1

C13 hD ND 300 ND 70 40 ND 2700 ND 28 1

Crab 2

C13 ND 310 80 150 ND ND-90 N D-80 ND ND-160 14001700 ND 16-20 D

Crab 1

C20 600 200 ND 110 30 ND 130 2800 ND 41 i

Crab 1

C01 200 330 ND 210 100 ND 210 2000 ND E

I Crab 2

C21 220-640 60 160 ND ND-90 ND-40 ND ND 110 1500 2000 ND 50 E 14 D

NOTES: ND - Non Detectable D - Denotes less than 7 pCi/g ash C - Denotes less than 3 pCl/l E - Denotes less.than 10 pCi/g ash Extracted by FPC from more comprehensive data reported by the l

Radiological and Occupational Health Section.

Figure-Gamma Spectroscopy Data for 1970 for Various Environmental l

Media with Gross Alpha. Gross Beta Data-l

57 Number of Sample Samples Location pCl/1 pCI/1 Surface Water 7

Col ND ND ND ND ND ND ND N D-190 ND C

D Undis.19-130 D

Dis.

Surface Water 7

C08 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D 10-51 D

Sea Water 7

C09 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D 26-78 D

Sea Water 7

C11 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 220 C

D 43 193 D

Sea Water 4

C12 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D 5 15 D

Sea Water 7

C13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND-280 C

D 123 214 D

Sea Water 7

C14 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 280 C

D 52 271 D

Drinking Water 7

C07 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C

D Drinking Water 7

C10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDC D

ND4 D

Drinking Water 3

C15 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C

D Drinking Water 7

CIS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C8 D

Water 4

C16 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C3 D

Water 4

C17 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C4 D

Water 3

C22 ND ND ND ND ND NtJ ND ND ND C

D C

D Water 3

C23 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C

D Water 3

C24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C

D C

D Milk 2

C25 ND E ND 39 43 ND ND ND ND 1.43 1.51*

E 6.4 9.3

• grams per liter NOTES: ND - Non Detectable C-Denotes less than 3 pCl/l D - Denotes less than 7 pCl/l Extracted by FPC from more comprehensive data reported by the Radiological and Occupational Health Section.

Figure-Gamma Spectroscopy data for 1970 for Various Liquid Environmental Media with Gross Alpha, Gross Beta Data.

4

~a a,

e-

-a.

a-t e

59 l s a]3 enc'ix e

\\

31Vironmerai

. SURVEILLANCE FOR RADIOACTIVITY lN THE VICINITY OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT:

AN ECOLOGICAL APPROf.CH University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Co-investigators Dr. William E. Carr Dr. Richard W. Englehart Dr. Jackson L Fox Dr. John F. Gamble Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Graduate Assistants Clay A. Adams Joseph L Alvarez Leonard F. Blanker Allan H. Horton Howard Kavanaugh Orhan Suleiman Student Assistant Bruce E. Holmes

-,w

61 INTRODUCTION Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant The nuclear power plant is under construction by the Florida Power Corporation some 55 miles southwest of Gainesville. The site currently sup-ports two fossil fueled conventional generating plants. The nuclear plant will be a Babcock and Wilcox pressurized water reactor having an out-put of 855 megawatts electrical. Boron is used as a chemical reactivity shim. The evaporative CONTENTS liquid radioactive waste system is designed for a decontamination factor of 104. Gross dilution Extracted from a more comprehensive report of the condensate in the condensor discharge covering the period August 1.1970 to October 31,1970 will rovide an additional factor of about 108 The plant, not located on the Crystal River, is about 2 miles north of the river mouth on the INTRODUCTION Page Gulf of Mexico. See Fi ure 1.* The surrounding d

Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant 61 vicinity is devoted to woodland, agriculture, and Brief Description of Project...

61 grazing with a predicted increase in areas used Ecological Approach 62 for crops and pasture. The principal soil types The Ecosystems of Crystal River 62 are level to undulating, slightly acid sands over-lying calcareous materia!s. The marine env'ron-PROGRESS REPORTS ment is rather unique. Gulf w;:ter for cooling Marine and Marshland Sampling 62 purposes flows in the dredged coal barge inlet, Terrestrial and Marshtar.d Sampling..

63 passes through the condensors, and is dis-Cesium-137 in the Florida Biosphere 65 charged from a shorter canal to the north of the Thermoluminescent Dosimetry 65 intake. In addition to the Crystal River to the Airborne Particulate Activity 66 south, there is the mouth of the Cress Florida Total Deposition Sampler 66 Barge Caaal about 2 miles to the nortn and the Tritium Network 66 Withlacoochee River slightly to the north of the Evaluation of Spanish Moss as a Biological Canal. The slope in the Gulf is graded, causing Sampler for Airborne Activity 66 a rather indistinct interface between the terres-trial and marine environment.

Brief Description of Project Broadly, the objective of the project is to per-form a preoperational investigation of the levels of radioactivity in the vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant. In recognition that there are numerous and complex pathways by which radionuclides may cause exposure to plant life, animals and man, the study will be performed with due regard to ecological aspects.

The specific ob,'ectives of the project are as follows: (1) To gather extensive and accurate information on the preoperational levels of radi-

• Tables and Figures are shown on pp. 67 through 71.

62 ation and radioactivity existing in the environ-water. It includes habitats such as the general ment; (2) To obtain information on the critical game fishing areas, the oyster bars, the grass-nuclides, critical pathways, and critical biologi-beds and extends into the salt marsh tidal flat.

cal groups associated with the uptake of radio-The second ecosystem is terrestrial, located in activity into the human food chain; (3) To the land areas in and around the Crystal River develop, test and exercise the methods and Plant. This ecosystem will be monitored using procedures that will be used in later operational discrete watersheds within principal modal soil radiological surveys; (4) To gather base line data types, and covering associated small-surface that will provide a basis for comparison with fu-lakes, small streams, groundwater, and agricul-ture levels of radioactivity in the environment; tural subsystems.

(5) To assess the principal ecosystems (marine, in between these two ecosystems lies a third, marshland, and terrestrial) within or nearby the the marshland ecosystem. Marshlands form an plant site.

interface between the marine and terrestrial en-vironments. Here, many of the important cou-Ecological Approach pling pathways occur. In this salt marsh, small Ecologists, by studying ecosystems, attempt to streams and rivulets transport material which elucidate the relationships existing among or-contributes to the ferlility of this highly-produc-ganisms and their environment. The non-living or tive ecosystem (30 grams carbon per square abiotic components of an ecosystem consist of meter per day).

various elements alone and in combinations as compounds. Living components of an ecosystem PROGRESS REPORTS may be placed into several groups which are Marine and Marshland Sampling determined on the basis of eating habits.

The marine and marshland sampling has been The objectives underlying the environmental under the direction of Dr. William E. Carr with surveillance can be attained using the principles the assistance of Mr. Clayton Adams.

of ecological systems analysis. In such an ap-Sampling areas to be used for the collection proach, the ecosystem is resolved into defined of marine and marshland aquatic organisms were compartments and pathways through which en-established during the week of September 14-18 ergy flows and material is cycled, in terms of (see Figure 3). As indicated by the map, each element cycling, the analysis is mathematically sampling area is rather large in extent and each rigorous and is limited only by the level of so-is logically located with respect to the site of phistication in field sampling and subsequent thermal discharge from the proposed nuclear laboratory analysis. The rigor results from the plant. The size of each sampling area is a reflec-precise mathematical functions which describe tion cf the requirement that rather large numbers compartment and pathway dynamics.

and types of specific organisms must be gath-ered during each sampling period. The locations The Ecosystems of Crystal River of the sampling areas provide for a control area It is difficult to set boundaries upon a macroeco-to the south of the plant (Area A), an immediately system since media and biota cross large geo-effected area at the site of thermal discharge grechical areas. In order to divide responsibil-(Area B), and a potentially effected area to the itles and emphasis, however, three principal north of the site of thermal discharge (Area C).

ecosystems in the vicinity of the Crystal River Area B and Area C will help establish a Plant were defined: the rarine, the marshland, gradient of effects. In each area two habitats and the terrestrial. See Figure 2.

have been defined: nearshore and marshland.

The marine ecosystem will be defined as that Collectively, these areas provide a coverage of portion of the Gulf which comes under the in-the nearshore and marshland habitats which is fluence of the discharge and intake of the cooling ideal for both the current pre-operational studies

.e,

63 as well as for antiopated post-operational stud-tory handbook. New information will be shared les of potential environmental contamination.

among team members and entered in the master The specific array of organisms selected for copy at frequent intervals.

sampling was devised so as to provide measure-The flora / fauna notebook is organized in ments of nuclide levels in (1) major marine and looseleaf form in such a manner as to allow marshland organisms consumed by man and (2) additional material to be incorporated in proper the major dietary components of these organ-sequence. The completed groupings and number isms. Organisms and other materials included in of species in each are listed below.

the current samples taken from each samp!!ng area are included in Table 1.

Birds 123 species The intimate food chain relationships of the Crabs 49 species organisms taken from the nearshore and marsh-Fishes 123 species land areas are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The insects 18 species relationships indicated by the diagrams may be Lizards 13 species modified and quantified somewhat in the future Mammals 48 species after we gather more information on the feeding Plants 254 species habits of certain of the organisms, especially Salamanders & Sirens 28 species juvenile forms. Studies designed to gather this Shrimp 20 species additional information have been initiated. Some Snakes 34 species of these peripheral studies will be described later Turtles, Terrapins &

in the report.

Tortoises 18 species The collection of organisms for the winter 728 species (to date) sampling period will begin on December 5-7 and will continue intermittently through December The second phase of the literature review is now and January until the collections are complete.

under way and consists of quantifying dietaries and compartment sizes. This phase was initiated Terrestrial and Marshland Sampling concomitantly with the field sampling and model The terrestrial sampling has been under the construction. In the literature search, quantita-direction of Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker with the tive information on stable element and nuclide assistance of Mr. Allan Horton.

disposition in the environment is extracted for The qualitative literature review has essenti-our use. Pertinent information relative to the ally been completed, resulting in a descriptive species of interest is recorded in the source note-listing of 728 plant and animal species. These book. Data of a more general or theoretical na-are species which are known or suspected to be ture are abstracted and recorded elsewhere. Of of importance in the Crystal River area. (Addi-specific interest are foodweb studies, material tional groupings and species will be added as uptake and cycling, storage characteristics such warranted.) For each species, dietaries have as turnover rates, quantity / concentration, bio-been prepared b,ased on observations re-logical decay functions and biotic / abiotic sinks.

corded in the literature. Supplemental informa-The initial field studies were undertaken tion on habitat preferences and population primarily for the purposes of observation and the dynamics have also been included. Because of planning of collection procedures consistent with the magnitude of this initial task, little effort the study objectives. Sample collection during has been made to make this cursory review these forays has been limited to opportunistic Intensive or critical.

" grab" samples, supplemental to the overall The flora and fauna listing is now being program. Species collected to date include:

assembled in phylogenetic order for subsequent Uca pugnax Sigmodon hispidus use as a source document and as a field /labora-Littorina irrorata Anolis caroliniensis

64 The intensive target-selected collecting requires cormorant roaches mollusks equipment which is to be ordered.

butterflies spiders sea turtle The efforts to date include outlining a general working model and developing the tech-In addition to the collection of the organisms for niques for guiding the field and laboratory work.

analysis, ancillary studies will be made to esti-Because of the complexity of the local ecology, mate population sizes requisite to establishing the initial studies have and will assume the the compartment size. For many of these spe' ies, c

appearance of a " shotgun" approach. This, how-such estimates can be made during the trapping ever, is a necessity to ensure that no potentially sequences using such techniques as the Lincoln critical pathway or compartment will be neg-index. Other methods, including direct observa-lected in the ensuing sophistication of the re-tion, will be utilized for the remainder.

search effort.

The plant biomass sampling will be made This next quarter's field work will be con-using the harvest technique in which all plant ducted in six categories:

material on a given area is harvested and weighed by compartment. Initially, only phy-(1) animal collections siognomic compartments will be used. Later, (2) plant biomass and soil sampling depending on the analytical results, these may (3) laboratory analyses be further divided by species. At the same time (4) quantitative literature review the root biomass is sampled, soil samples will continuation also be collected. The harvesting procedure will (5) site mapping involve replicate 5 x Sm plots in each major (6) development of formal model(s) ecosystem. All harvested material is separated into the appropriate compartments and weighed The animal collections will commence with the fresh in the field. Representative subsamples arrival of the collecting equipment. Based on the are retained for dryweight determinations, labo-literature review, personal knowledge and obser-ratory analyses and for future reference.

vations,51 species or groups of vertebrates and The laboratory procedures are geared to the invertebrates have tentatively been selected as prime objective; the determination of back-target groups. These are species which are ground levels of the r uclides of interest in biotic representative of the major trophic levels and and abiotic material. Subordinate procedures the dominant ecosystems and include:

contribute to the overall obisctive of ultimately deriving a computer model(s) for predicting raccoon pocket gopher hawks nuclide movement through the environment. This opossum turtles wading birds is achieved primarily by evaluating all compart-bobcat terrapins blackbirds ment samples in terms of weight-per-unit-area armadillo skunks crows and by describing and quantifying the major fox gopher turtle vultures material pathways. The emphasis in the latter deer frogs kingfisher regard is on foodweb studies with next quarter's

' feral hog salamander cardinal work revolving around gut content and seat rats & mice snakes bluejays analyses for the larger vertebrates. Stomachs squirrels alligators woodpeckers and seat already collected are in cold storage shrews seagulls nighthawks pending the accumulation of sufficient material rabbits owls ducks for an adequate sample, and the acquisition of quail ants earthworms the necessary tools.

dove grasshoppers leeches The continuation of the literature review will turkey crawfish crabs complete the field handbook and sift for all pelican -

fiddler crabs snails usable quantitative data related to the construc-

65 tion of a model. Such data is extremely valuable cesium-137 in certain compartments of the ter-for its direct use, where applicable, and for its restrial ecosystem and over a wide area. The comparative value as reference material. Be-compartments sampled are largely the fruiting cause, however, this type of quantitative ecology bodies of plants. The aerial range extended out is somewhat unique, it is doubtful that sufficient as far as Gainesville and the Ocala National data can be gleaned to significantly reduce Forest. It has been possible to coordinate this planned field and laboratory efforts, part of the Florida Power Surveillance Study with Site mapping of the Crystal River area has an AEC project investigating the mechanism of begun using the available aerial coverage and cesium-137 movement in the Florida biosphere.

existing ground-feature / topographic maps. The it is predicated that test-debris cesium-137 first product is to be a working base map out-would arrive in large air cells and not be lining the dominant ecosystems and subsystems.

deposited in relatively local " hot spots." Stron-Combined with the requisite ground and the bio-tium-90 data for the state certainly follow a wide, mass and soil sampling, it will eventually be general pattern. It is suggested that the cesium-possible to place, on an aerial basis, much of 137 " hot spots" reflect local sampling methods the quantitative information generated by this or a post-deposition feature.

study. The working base map will also be distri-Samples, including ones just east of the buted among the co-investigators for their use Crystal River site show picocurie levels of and comment.

cesium-137 and are being quantified at present.

Efforts are currently underway to create a They include:

descriptive schematic model for the Crystal River site. The model focuses on the littoral zone but Slash Pine, cones Scrub Oak, acorns is heavily skewed toward the terrestrial eco-Cassime Holiy, berries Palmetto fronds systems. This skewing, or emphasis, is designed Water Oak, acorns around the premise that the marine environment is a major source through which materials enter Fronds and pine cones show recent debris into littozine and terrestrial ecosystems. It also material-niobium-zirconium-95. The pine cones pre-supposes that much of the necessary take 2-3 years to form and ripen. The debris is

" source" data will be obtained by the marine thought to be external and not part of the tissue.

biology groups.

Work on other compartments of terrestrial in this schematic model, only compartments system, especially modal soils and watersheds, and verified pathways are included. The mockup is proceeding.

is sufficiently large to permit quantitative data to be added as it is accumulated. Additional path-Thermoluminescent Dosimetry ways will be added if they describe large fluxes The thermoluminescent dosimetry has been or if the pathway has a profound influence on under the direction of Dr. W. Emmett Bolch with other fluxes or storages. As the complexity of the assistance of Mr. Howard Kavanaugh.

this first systems model increases, discrete sub-Studies were initiated to determine the type systems will be extracted and treated separately.

of dosimeters and reader system necessary to monitor the gamma air dose in the area. The Cesium-137 in the Florida Biosphere results have indicated that the best dosimeters Dr. John F. Gamble has placed particular empha-will be the Harshaw TLD-100 % " x % " x 0.035" sis on the complex problem of the deposition, high sensitivity LiF ribbons. At each location 4 transport and concentration of cesium-137 in dosimeters will be encased in a lucite, built-up the west central Florida environment.

casket and suspended in a Nalgene bottle 3 The terrestrial sampling has been designed meters above the ground. Exposures will be for to demonstrate the presence of test-debris a period of one month.

66 The reader system that will be used is a Crystal River vicinity, gross beta actisity in rain-Harshaw 3000 TLD system with a high sensi-fall during 1969 at the St. Petersburg, Orlando tivity photomultiplier tube and high sensitivity and Pensacola sampling stations and reported stainless steel planchets flushed with dry nitro-specific nuclides to gross bota ratios were exam-gen at about 5 SCFH.

ined as a basis for determining the amount of Dosimeters should be placed in the field sample that must be collected in order to mea-during the next reporting period.

sure specific nuclides. Considering all factors, one square meter was selected as the minimum Airborne Particulate Activity collecting area for a monthly sample. Under mini-Several commercial sampler systems were con-mum rainfall conditions this will yield sufficient sidered, but none were considered as ideal. The samples for detection of a nuclide that repre-project then proceeded to design and develop a sents 2% of the gross beta activity detected in new sampler system basis upon local needs, new 1969. Specifications are being drawn up for concepts, and past experience. The design incor-construction of a funnel with this area maintain-porates the following features:

ing the same proportions and dimensions as the smaller HASL sampler. Efforts are now being

1. A General Metal Works standard air directed toward determining the quantity of pollution shelter, resin required and the dimensions of the resin

2. A 4-inch diameter filter for compatibility column.

with beta and gamma counting systems.

3. A high volume positive displacement Tritium Network air mover.

A method of surveying for environmental tritiated

4. Acam-microswitch-relaytimersystemdesign water has been developed by Mr. Joseph L. Al-to operate the system 1/7 of every hour, varez under the direction of Dr.W.Emmett Bolch.

This provides a 24-hour representative sam-The samples are counted in a non-tritium spe-ple averaging over a period of one week.

cific, ambient temperature liquid scintillation

5. An event recorder to provide a record spectrometer after electrolytic enrichment of the of operation during the week.

sample. The electrolysis procedure reduces the sample size 100 fold, while retaining 70% of The prototype will be ready for field tests the available tritium. The counting scintillation during the next reporting period. Design and cocktail has been optimized for small sample development has been under the direction of Dr.

size and yields an efficiency of 10 %. The counter Emmett Bolch with the assisti:nre of Mr. Stan has a minimum detectable activity of 5 pCi/mi Echols and Mr. Bruce Holmes.

before enrichment and a minimum detectable activity of 7.2 x 10 2 pCi/mi after enrichment.

Total Deposition Sampler Fourteen sites were chosen for the tritium The design and development of the total deposi-network. See Table 2 and Figure 6.

tion sampler has been under the direction of Dr.

C. E. Roessler with the assistance of Mr. Orhan Evaluation of Spanish Moss as a Suleiman.

Biological Sampler for Airborne Activity It was felt that environmental study pro.

This project was initiated by Dr. C. E. Roessler grams should include samplers for total radio-and Mr. Orhan Suleiman. Spanish moss was col-nuclide deposition (precipitation plus dust fall),

lected weekly beginning in September.

at each of the two locations where an air sam-It was found that a one kilogram sample of pling station is to be established, and at Gaines-moss contains easily detected levels of cesium-ville as a reference control point. Sampling 137, zirconium, niobium-95 and other radionu-systems were examined and a fallout sampler, clides. One of the initial samples is being held similar in design to that used by the HASL fallout for decay and weekly counting as an aid in identi-network, was determined to be the most prac-fying some of the peaks. No sudden changes tical. The HASL design utilizes a removable ion indicative of fresh fallout incursions were ob-exchange cartridge. Rainfall data at sites in the served during the period of this report.

I l

[

67 NEARSHORE SAMPLING SITES:

Sample item Area A Area B Area C Water X

X X

Sediment X

X X

Plankton X

X X

Algae (Sargassum sp.)

X X

X Grass X

X X

Oysters (Crassostres virginica)

X X

X Shrimp (Peraeus sp.)

X X

X Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)

X X

X Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)

X X

X Mullet (Mugil sp.)

X X

X Silversides (Menidia sp.)

X X

Gamefish: Seatrout (Cynorcian nebulosus)

X X

X Ladyfish (Elops saurus)

X Redfish (Sciaenops ocellata)

MARSHLAND SAMPLING SITES:

Sample item Area A Area B Area C Water X

X X

Sediment X

X X

Oysters X

X X

Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus)

X X

v Mullet (Mugil sp.)

X X

X Killifish (Fundulus sp.)

X X

X Silversides (Menidia sp.)

X X

X Spot (Le'gomus xanthurus)

X X

X Collecting gear: beam trawl, seines, cast net, crab traps, plankton net, and rod and reel X== sample collected TABLE 1. MARINE AND MARSHLAND COLLECTIONS FOR FALL QUARTER,1970 Mey, Figure 4 Description 1

Deep well at entrance gate.

2 Excavated lake,1000 ft. due north of entrance gate.

3 U.S. Geological Survey Salt Water intrusion Well, located by transmission towerCC9.

i 4

Swamp on the southeastern site boundary.

5 Cooling water intake.

6 Cooling water discharge.

7 Marsh run off into discharge canal.

.8 Marsh between intake and discharge canals.

9 Open water sample south of intake canal.

10 End of north bank of discharge canal.

11 End cf south bank of discharge canal.

12 Open water sample north of disaharge canal 13 Open water sample south of Cross Florida Barge Canal 14 Marsh water sample halfway between discharge and Crosi Nrida Barge Canal.

Ten of the 14 sites were sampled. Results from these samples will be available in the next report.

l TABLE 2. SAMPLING SITES IN TRITIUM NETWORK l

l y

68 wurHLAcoocute RIVER cC J

m 6

0 otscnxacce,y,L} g PLANT ccAHA mw caystat GULF Riven OF Q

MEXICO Egure 2. Detail of plant Site 1 =2mm _

marins arshland terrestrial ecosystem ecosystem ecosystem UKUT* 2. Interrelation of Ecosystems

69

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RIV ROSS p RIDA BARcE C#*4L 9

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70 NEARSHORE

• PLANKTON 5

• OYSTERS

• WATER

'MENIDIA

' 'REDFISH

• TROUT

' MARSH GRASS p-

• PINFISH

• SUBMERGED SEA GRASS q ~ [~ " #

• FILAMENTOUS ALGAE yg

& MAN

\\

• SHRIMP -

\\

th sociated

• MULLET Bacteria, Fungl g\\

and Sediment

' CRABS

• Samples collected Figure 4.

Foodchain Relationships of Organisms and Materials collected from Nearshore Sampling Areas M ARSHLAND PLANKTON

' OYSTERS

• WATER

• MENIDIA 1r

' MARSH GRASS

• SPOT 5 MAN 1r

• DETRITUS With Associated

• MULLET Bacteria, Fungi g

and Sediment K

1. REDFISH

• Samples collected

1. To be collected in future

• KILLIFISH Figure 5.

Foodchain Relationships of Organisms and Materials collected from Marshland Sampling Areas

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74 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT DISTRIBUTION LIST STATE GOVERNMENT Dr. C. L Nayfield, Administrator Radiological and Occupational Health Service Mr. William Beck, Jr.

Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Chief Biologist P. O. Box 210 Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services P. O. Box 210 Mr. Vincent D. Patton Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Executive Director Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. Sidney A. Berkowitz. Director Suite 300 Tallahassee Building Bureau of Sanitary Engineering 315 South Calhoun Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 210 Jacksonvi!Ie, Florida 32201 Mr. Nathaniel P. Reed, Chairman Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. D. A. Brown Governor's Office Department of Florida Air and Water Capitol Building Pollution Control Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Suite 400, Tallahassee Bank Building 315 South Calhoun Street Mr. David H. Scott Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Chief. Bureau of Permits Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Dr. O. E. Frye, Jr., Director Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish 315 South Calhoun Departrient of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Farris Bryant Building 620 South Meridian Street Mr. K. K. Huffstutler Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Chief. Bureau of Surveillance Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. Churchill Grimeo, Project Leader Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Crystal River Marine Research Laboratory 315 South Calhoun Department of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 276 Crystal River, Florida 32629 Representative A. S. " Jim" Robinson Florida House of Representatives Mr. Randolph Hodges 1600 Park Street North Executive Director St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 Department of Natural Rerources Larson Building Senator Jerry Thomas Tallahassee, Florida 32304 First Marine Bank and Trust Company Riviera Beach, Florida 33404 l

Mr. Robert M. Inste, Director Burcsu of Mraine Research and Technology Mr. Allen Burdett Division of Marine Resources Marine Biologist

)

Department of Natural Resources Survey and Management i

Larton Building Department of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32304 7227 Central Avenue Mr. Wallace P. Johnson Division of Health Mr. Larry R. Shanks Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish P. O. Box 210 Department of Natural Resources Jacksonville, Florida 32201 P. O. Box 1840 l

Vero Beach, Florida 32960 Mr. Edwin A. Joyce, Assistant Director Marine Research Laboratory Mr. W. E. Linne Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Regional Engineer Division of Marine Resources Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Department of Natural Resources P. O. Box 10396

p. O. Drawer F Jacksonville, Florida 32207 ot. Petersburg, Florida 33731

75 Mr. R. Maloy Senator Richard J. Deeb 1

Regional Engineer 5675 5th Avenue North Department of Air and Water Pollution Control St. Petersburg. Florida 33710 618 East South Street Sumraerlin Center, Suite 3 Senator John T. Ware Orlando, Florida 32801 Security Federal Building 4

2600 -9th Street North Mr. Dale Walker St. Petersburg, Florida 33704 Fishery Biologist Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Senator Harold S. Wilson P. O. Box 1840 007 Court Street Vero Beach, Florida 32960 Clearwater, Florida 33516 Mr. Phil Edwards, Chemist Representative Jack Murphy Fisheries Research Laboratory P. O. Box 4239 P. O. Box 1903 Clearwater, Florida 33518 Eustis, Florida 32726 Representative John J. Savage Mr. James K. Lewis P. O. Box 8063 Director of Staff St. Petersburg, Florida 33738 Environmental Pollution Control Committee House of Representatives Representt*ive Roger H. Wilson Room 217, Holland Building 17 -37th Street South Tallahassee, Florida 32304 St. Petersburg, Florida 33711 Senator Ray C. Knopke Representative Donald R. Crane, Jr.

4207 E. Lake Avenue Suite 112,3500 Building Tampa, Florida 33610 3530 First Avenue North Senator W. D. Childers.

P. O. Box 3327 Representative Dennis Mcdonald Pensacola, Florida 32506 Suite 636 300-31st Street North Senator Warren S. Henderson St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 P. O. Box 3888 Sarasota, Florida 33578 Representative William H. Fleece P. O. Box 13209 Senator W. E. Bishop St. Petersburg, Florida 33733

- 28 East Duval Street Lake City, Florida 32055 Representative Guy Spicola 725 E. Kennedy Boulevard Senator C. Welborn Daniel Tampa, Florida 33602 P. O. Drawer 189 Clermont, Florida 32711 Representative Robert C. Hector 110 N.E.179th Street Senator John L Ducker Miami, Florida 33162 205 East Jackson Street Orlando, Florida 32801 Representative Joseph F. Chapman, til 412 Magnolia Avenue Senator Bob Saunders Panama City, Florida 32401 P. O. Box 849 Gainesville, Florida 32601 Representative Jack Burke, Jr.

P. O. Box 697 Senator D. Robert Graham Perry, Florida 32347 14045 N.W. 67th Avenue Miami Lakes, Florida 33014 Representative John R. Forbes 341 E. Bay Street Senator Frederick B. Karl Jacksonville, Florida 32202 501 North Grandview Deytona Beach, Florida 32020 J

Representative Harry Westberry P. O. Box 1620 Senator Lew Brantley Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Brantley Sheet Metal Company 422 Copeland Street i

Representative Ray Mattox Jacksonville, Florida 32204 P. O. Box 917 Winter Haven, Florida 33881 Senator Edmond J. Gong

-1117 First National Bank Building Representative Edward J. Trombetta Miami, Florida 33131 1990 E. Sunrise Boulevard Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304

- Senator Henry B. Saylor 333 31st Street North Representative Walter W. Sackett, Jr.

. St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 2500 Coral Way Miami, Florida 33145

76 Representative Tom Tobiassen Mr. Ney Landrum, Director 811 Woodbine Drive Recreation and Parks Pensacola, Florida 32503 Room 613, Larson Building Tallehassee, Florida 32304 Representative Lewis S. Earle 255 N. Lakemont Avenue Mr. Fred Vidzes, Interim Executive Director Winter Park, Florida 32789 Board of Trustees llF Elliott Building Representative Mary R. Grizzle 401 S. Monroe Room 505, Coachman Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 503 Cleveland Street Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mr. James Apthorp Senior Executive Assistant to Governor Representative Ed S. Whitson, Jr.

The Capitol 309 S. Garden Avenue Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Clearwater, Florida 33516 FEDENL GOVEuNMENT Representative F. Eugene Tubbs 925 Barton Boulevard Commissioner Suite 1 Fish and Wildlife Service Rockledge, Florida 32952 Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D. C. 20240 Representative Joel K. Gustafson 1636 S.E.12th Court Regional Director Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316 National Marine Fisheries Services Federal Building Representative Tommy Stevens St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 405 E. Church Avenue Dade City, Florida 33525 Mr. C. Edward Carlson Regional Director Representative John R. Culbreath Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Route 4, Box 70 Room 833 Brooksville, Florida 33512 Peachtree-Seventh Building Atlanta, Georgia 30323 Representative Richard S. Hodes 620 Stovall Building Mr. David Dominick 305 Morgan Street Commissioner, Federal Water Quality Administration Tampa, Florida 33602 Environmental Protection Agency 633 Indiana Avenue N.W.

Representative Ted Randell Washington, D. C. 20240 P. O. Box 1668 Fort Myers, Florida 33902 Mr. W. S. Eisenberg, Jr., Chief Navigation Section Engineering Division Representative A. H.,'Gus,, Craig U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville P. O. Drawer 99 P. O. Box 4970 St. Augustine, Florida 32084 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 h'P '$

a igW. E. Fulford Colonel Avery S. Fullerton, Chief O.

x O'riando, Florida 32802 U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville P. O. Box 4970 Representative Richard A. Pettigrew Jacksonville, Florida 32201 740 Ingraham Building Miami, Florida 33131 Dr. Raymond E. Johnson, Assistant Director Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Mr. Dale Twachtmann, Executive Director U. S. Department of interior Governing Board of the Washington, D. C. 20240 Southwest Florida Water Management District P. O. Box 457 Mr. Gordon E. Kerr Brooksville, Florida 33512 Executive Secretary Federal Water Pollution Control Advisory Board Mr. Harmon Shields Department of the Interior Director, Marine Resources Washington, D. C. 20240 Department of Natural Resources Room 526. Larson Building Mr. Reinhold W. Thieme Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water Quality Research, Environmental Protection Agency Mr. J. V. Sollohub, Director Washington, D. C. 20240 Division of interior Resources Larson Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304

77 Mr. A. L. McKnight Mr. Harold L Price Chief of Operations Director of Regulations U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville United States Atomic Energy Commission P. O Box 4070 Washington, D. C. 20545 Jack.3nville, Florida 32201 Director Nuclear Facilities Branch Division of Reactor Licensing Division of Environmental Radiation United States Atomic Energy Commission U. S. Public Health Service Washington, D. C. 20545 1901 Chapman Avenue Rockville, Maryland 20853 Mr. Roy B. Snapp Attorney at Law Mr. Roger O. Olmstead Bechoefer, Snapp & Trippe Regional Shellfish Consultant Suite 512 PHS-FDA-Shellfish Sanitation Branch 1725 K Street N.W.

60 Eighth Street Northeast Washington, D. C. 20006 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Commissioner Mr. H. Richard Payne National Marine Fisheries Service Radiological Health Representative National Ocesnic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Control Administration Washington, D. C.

Bureau of Radiological Health DHEW, Region IV, Room 404 Dr. Joseph A. Lieberman 50 Seventh Street. N.E.

Commissioner, Radiation Office Atlanta, Georgia 30323 U. S. Environmental Pr Stection Agency Washington, D. C. 20204 Mr. Stan Reither ADXP Armament Development and Test Center Mr. John T. Middleton Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542 Air Pollution Control Office U. S. Environmental Protective Agency Dr. Theodore R. Rice, Director Washington, D. C. 20204 Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research National Marine Fisheries Service U. S. Representative C. W. " Bill" Young Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 1721 Longworth House Office Building Washington, D. C. 20515 Dr. S. Fred Singer Deputy Assistant Secretary U. S. Senator Lawton Chiles Department of the Interior Senate Office Building Washington, D. C. 20240 Washington, D. C. 20510 Mr. J. R. Thoman CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS Director, Southeast Region Federal W:ter Quality Administration Honorable George C. Tsourakis Environmental Protection Agency Mayor Suite 300 City of Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 1421 Peachtree Street. N.E.

Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Honorable Leonard A. Damron Mayor Mr. J. E. Burgess City of Crystal River, Florida 32629 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife U. S. Department of the Interior Chairman, Citrus County Commissioners 1031 Miracle Mile Courthouse Square Vero Beach, Florida 32960 inverness, Florida 32650 Mr. Ronald L. Estes Chairman, Pinellas County Commissioners Federal Water Quality Administration County Office Building 315 Haven Street

. Southeast Water Laboratory Clearwater, Florida 33516

' Athens, Georgia 30601 Mr. Parker E. Miller Chairman, Pasco County Commissioners County Courthouse President's Water Pollution Control Advisory Board 301 Redington Reef 14 East Meridian Avenue 16400 Gulf Boulevard Dade City, Florida 33525 Redington Beach, Florida 33708 Honorable William F. Gray Mr. James E. Sykes, Director Mayor Biological Laboratory New Port Richey National Marine Fisheries Services 117 West Main Street 75 33 Avenue New Port Richey, Florida 33552 St. Petersburg Beach, Florida 33706

78 Honorable John H. Durney Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Mayor Marine Science institute Port Richey P. O. Box 127 Mr. Dave Wallace Port Richey, Florida 33568 Marine Science institute Honorable Everett Hougen Mayor UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI Clearwater KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA 33149 City of Clearwater P. O. Box 4748 Dr. Donald P. de Sylva Clearwater. Florida 33518 Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Mr. George R. McCall Dr. Martin Roessler Health Physicist Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Pinellas County Health Department P. O. Box 3242 Mr. Art Marshall St. Petersburg. Florida 33731 Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Mr. John Michel Rosentiet School of Marine and Atmospheric Science GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA 32601 Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Dr. Harding B. Owre Department of Environmental Engineering Rosentiel School of Narine and Atmospheric Science Dr. William E. Carr FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Biology TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 32306 Dr.."hchard E. Englehart Dr. Paul A. LaRock Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences Department of Oceanography Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Shirley Taylor Department of Radiology Office of Environmental Affairs University of Florida Medical Center Dr. Robert J. Livingston Dr. Morton Smutz. Dean of Research Department of Biological Sciences College of Engineering Dr. Anthony Llewellyn Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Acting Dean Department of Environmental Engineering School of Engineering Sciences Dr. Robert E. Uhrig. Dean PRESS College of Engineering Mr. Thad Lowry Radio Station WGUL New Port Richey. Florida 33552 partm nt of clear Engineering Sciences Mr. Jim Rycn D paranen o Environmental Engineering fo*x 11 St. Petersburg. Florida 33733 Dr. Howard T. Odum Department of Environmental Engineering Mr. James Walker Staff Writer Dr. O. l. Eigerd Tampa Tribune Department of Electrical Engineering 507 East Kenned Boulevard Tanwa. FloMa 3 601 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33701 Mr. J. L Beardsley ht Dr. RonalJ C. Baird a ater Sun Marine Science Institute 301 South Myrtle Avenue Clearwater. Florida 33517 Dr. Kendall L Carder Marine Science Institute Mr. George Bopp, General Manager New Port Richey Press 117 Missouri Avenue a'ri e Sc n 'e nst u e New Port Richey. Florida 33552 Dr. Harold J. Humm. Director Marine Science institute

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72 New Port Richey Chronical Mr. E. L Addison General Manager Vice President P. O. Box 875 Gulf Power Company New Port Richey, Florida 33552 P. O. Box 1151 Pensacola, Florida 32505 Tarpon Springs Leader Mr. Devid Carpenter, Publisher Dr. J. H. Wright, Director 11 East Orange Street Environmental Gystems Department Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Westinghouse Electric Corporation-Power Systems P. O. Box 355 Suncoast Sentinel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Mr. William H. Dyer, Publisher Crystal River. Florida 32629 Dr. R. H. Brooks, Manager Aquatic Systems Group Citrus County Chronical Westinghouse Electric Corporation Mr. David Arthurs, Editor Power Systems inverness, Florida 32650 P. O. Box 355 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Tarpon Springs Herald Mr. George Raynard. Publisher Mr. J. H. Gibbons. Director 27 East Orange Street Environmental Quality Study Project Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Union Carbide Corporation INDUSTRY Nuclear Division o'afR ge Tennessee 37830 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INCORPORATED BOX 12248, ST. PETERS 8URG, FLORIDA 33733 Mr. D. C. Zensen Mr. Donald C. Colbert Assistant to Vice President and Manager Space Instrumentation Director New Venture Management Ralston Purina Company Mr. Paul G. Hansel, Vice President Checkerboard Square Research and Engineering St. Louis, Missouri 63199 Mr. H. A. Wilkes Dr. T. E. Owen, Manager Requirement Manager Earth Science Appications Department of Electronic Systems Research Mr. K. L Carlson.

Southwest Research Institute Assistant Vice President for Domestic Requirements 850 Culebra Road San Antonio, Texas 78228 Mr. M. S. Klein Vice President, Marketing Mr. Walter M. Stevens Georgia Power Company INDUSTRY 270 Peachtree Street M6 R 1 Mw Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Executive Assistant Florida Power & Light Company Mr. W. L Reed, Vice President Southern Services. Inc.

lerni, o ida 33101 pam, a ma 6

Dr. Perry W. Gilbert Mr. G. J. Neumaler, President Executive Director Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Mote Marine Laboratory 1122 Union Road West Seneca Road Se aso, Flori a 8

West Seneca, New York 14224 Dr. Morton I. Goldman Mr. Charles L Steel Vice President. NUS Corporation Directorof Public Affairs 2351 Research Boulevard Arkansas Power & Ught Company Rockville, Maryland 20850 Uttle Rock, Arkansas 72203 Mr. J. D. Hicks, Vice President Mr. Ray L. Lyerfy Tampa Electric Company Southern Nuclear Engineering, Inc.

P. O. Box 10 P. O. Box 111 Tampa, Florida 33601 Dunedin, Florida 36628 Mr. Stan Lewis INDIVIDUALS District Manager Mr. John Bankston, Execu Secreta--

General Telephone Company Suncoast Active Volunteers,. Ecolo Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 P. O. Box 4881 Clearwater, Florida 33518

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i Mrs. Harold Dubendorff, President Mr. E. E. Dearmin Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology Division Manager P. O. Box 4881 Central Division Clearwater, Florida 33518 Occla, Florida Mrs. Marty Farman Mr. H. E. Dunphy Gulf of Mexico Coartal Waters Seminar Executive Assistant for Public Affairs 1965 Sunset Point Road Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mr. K. E. Fenderson, Jr.

Director of Advertising & Publicity Mr. Lyman E. Rogers Conservation 70's Mr. D. l. Flynn c/o Rogers Sharpe Associates Superintendent-Crystal River Plant P. O. Box 421 Ocala. Florida 32670 Mr. John Gleason Mr. R. P. Bender /Mr. D. L Payne State of Texas Water Quality Board Mr. B. L Griffin 3801 Kirby Road Director of Division Operations Houston, Texas 77006 St. Petersburg. Florida Dr. John Hopkins Mr. H. F. Hebb, Jr.

University of West Florida Vice President-System Engineering Pensacola, Florida 32504 Mr. Andrew H. Hines. Jr.

Mr. Milo A. Churchill, Chief Executive Vice President Water Quality Branch Tennessee Valley Authority 02 Mr. L D. Hurley Chattanooga, Tennessee 74 District Manager inverness, Florida Dr. Joseph A. Mihursky Natural Resources Institute Mr. W. C. Johnson University of Maryland Public Information Officer Hallowing Point Field Station, Maryland Mr. N. G. Karay Dr. B. J. Copeland District Manager Department of Zoology Tarpon Springs, Florida North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27504 Mr. G. W. Marshall Production Superintendent Dr. E. Gus Fruh Assistant Professor Mr. H. E. Milton Engineering Laboratory, Building 305 District Manager University of Texas New Port Richey, Florida Austin, Texas 78701 Mr. A. J. Ormston Mr. P. J. Purcell Vice President-Power Marine Science Station P. O. Box 1258 Crystal River, Florida 32629

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Perez FLORIDA FOWER CORPORATION Mr. M. H. Phillips P. O. BOX 14042 District Manager ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733 St. Petersburg. Florida Mr. S. A. Brandimore Mr. R. E. Raymond Ger,eral Counsel Senior Vice President System Engineering & Operations Mr. H. L Bennett Manager of Power Construction Mr. J. T. Rodgers Nuclear Project Manager and Dr. H. W. Carter Director-Power Engineering and Construction Chief Medical Officer Mr. R. L. Sirmons Mr. S. R. Coley Director-Public Affairs District Manager Clearwater, Florida Mr. O. H. Ware General Superintendent-Crystal River Plant Division Manager Suncoast Division