ML19319D155
| ML19319D155 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 02/28/1975 |
| From: | FLORIDA POWER CORP. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8003130721 | |
| Download: ML19319D155 (450) | |
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SIMRRY ANALYSIS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA nyn to de r a INTERAGENCIRESEARG ADVISORY C0+1ITTEE by FLORIDA POWER CORPORATI m February 1975 + P A emus u -g - ,-- ,- ,- - -m-- ,- --
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4A: TABLE OF CQVTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. S@MARIZATION OF BPACT DUE TO 'IIIE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF UNITS 1 AND 2 3 III. DETAILED SU41ARY OF THE BPACT DUE TO 'IIIE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF UNITS 1 AND 2 6 A. INTAKE AREA 6
-B.- DISOIARGE AREA 11 IV. PROJECTED BPACT OF OPERATING UNIT 3 20 V. ANALYSIS OF ALTDINATIVES 26 VI. CROSS-REFERENCE 31 VII. ATTAO NENTS 53
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- 1. INTRODUCTION.
The year-long, intensive environmental research program at Crystal River was completed in _0ctober,1974. Copies of the final report of that research program were made available to the interagency research , advisory conrnittee on November 1,1974. Additional data havebeen supplied ) l since that date. On December 10, 1974, the ady'sory committee plus numerous other representatives of federal and state agencies met with the researchers 1 at the Crystal River site. The purpose of that meeting was to resolve questions about the research. As a result of the December 10, 1974, meeting, the interagency research advisory committee informally requested that Florida Power i Corporation prepare: (1) a suninarization of the concit 'rier.: 9eived from the research; (2) a crocs-reference.between the original program and the published data; and (3) a compilation of miscellaneous data not included in the final report . These requests were made formally in the December 16, 1974, letter from Mr.' Sellswho served as chairman of the advisory group. The requested information is the subject of this report. Section II is a brief summarization of the effects of constructing and operating Units 1 and 2 while Section III discusses the same subject in more detail. Section IV summarizes the projected impact due to the operation of Unit 3. Section V is a brief analysis of alternative cooling concepts which leads to FPC's position statement. Section VI is a cross-reference between the study program and the published data. Finally, thirteen attachments are included as a compilation of the miscellaneous data com-pleted after the publication of the final report.
The only area where additional data are forthcoming is the thermal plume calculations for Unit 1, 2 and 3. Those calculations are presently being performed and will be forwarded to the comittee as they become available. l l j l l l l I I A j ! (. l-l e - l ' 1
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i II. SUMMARIZATION OF IMPACT DUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF UNITS 1 AND 2 The impact of the operation of Units 1 and 2 can be summarized in the ' following terms: , 1
. 1 (1) Some species characteristic of deeper nearshore areas have become 1
permanent residents of the intake canal. The canal is acting ) l neither as a giant funnel nor as an impassable barrier to migrating l fish. 1 (2) Impingement of sports and commercial species on the intake screen is at the estimated rate of 2620 kilograms / year (5760 lbs/ year fresh weight). This increased " fishing" pressure is comparable to the addition of one mullet fishcrman for 30 days per year (local' sources estimated the average take to be in excess of 200 lbs/ day). i L Impingement of species not of sports or commercial interest is considered insignificant. (3)' Entrainment of plankton causes an estimated increased predation of roughly 0.3-0.4% of the standing crop. Even though this is signifi-cant compared to natural predation in the limited area of influence, it is insignificant to the region. This is confirmed by the fact that zooplankton standing crop, species composition and species diversity does not' vary appreciably from other comparable areas. Likewise, phytoplankton standing crop is not appreciably affected by entrainment. 9
-(5) Water quality variations from successive sampling periods w:re greater than station-to-station variations. Hence it is concluded that plant operation is not having a dominating or measurably adverse effect on water quality.
(6). The salt marsh exposed to the plume has experienced an increased rate of metabolism. This adjustment to the increased thermal load appears to be only marginally detrimental if at all. (7) Basin 1* appears to be impacted by sediment deposition and increased thermal load. The productivity of this basin has been decreased to approximately 50% of the estimated unaffected .value. This reduction in productivity occurs over an area of approximately 100 acres. The species diversity at each trophic level is sharply reduced from that.of,similar areas. (8) Basin 2 is not significantly affected by the power plant operation. Some increased local sediment accumulation has occurred. Gross primary productivity is very slightly reduced in this area. (9) Areas within Basin 3 have been impacted due to a combined effect of. sediment transport , nd accumulation from the marsh creeks and the added thermal load. Gross primary production has been reduced over an estimated 150-200 acres. (10) Basin 4 and 5 are not significantly affected by the power plant.
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III. DETAILED
SUMMARY
OF THE IMPACT DUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF UNITS 1 AND 2 A. Intake Area The Crystal River power plant complex is located on the Gulf Coast of Florida approximately midway between the mouths of the Crystal River (2.5 miles to the sNth) and the Withlacoochee River / Cross Florida Barge Canal (3 miles to the north) (see Figure 1). The plant is lo-cated approximately 1.5 miles from the shore and draws cooling water from the Gulf through an intake canal which extends about 9 miles into the Gulf. This canal also serves as a channel for barges delivering oil to the plant. The heated effluent from the plant is returned to the Gulf via a discharge canal which extends approximately 1 mile into L. < -- rthe Gulf. . The. depth of the water., increases very . gradually with. distance., . .....- . from shore, thus, the entire area of concern is very shallow (<10 ft.). Crystal River is located in a region of transition from temperate to subtropical conditions. Average water temperatures in the area range from 17.4*C'(67 F) to 30.7 C (89 F). Air temperatures range from
-5.0*C (23 F) to 36.7 C (98 F). Therefore the maximum temperature of -
l the effluent is approximately 38.9 C (102 F). Some. heat is lost to the , l atmosphere while the effluent is in the discharge canal. On the average this is roughly 1 C (1.8*F). The cooling water flow rate throNh the power plant is 638,000 gpm. Approximately one-fourth of this quantity is ' drawn from the shallow areas south of the intake canal and enclosed by the oyster reefs (Basins 6 and 7). Another one-fourth of the flow comes from the intermediate Basin 8 which extends seaward of Basin 7 approximately y 2-1/3 nautical miles. The remaining portion (1/2) of the cooling
. water is drawn from the Gulf.
' The velocity of the water in the intake canal varies with such parameters as tide, position, depth and wind condition. However, the average velocity for 'he canal is 0.7 feet /sec. at ebb.
Water quality samples have been taken at stations throughout +he area. No significant station-to-station (area dependent) variations were observed. The variations between sampling days were greater than station-to-station variations. There are three areas of potential influence of the power plant in the intake area. These'are:
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(1) Entrapment of organisms within the intake canal (also impaired long' shore migration due to the canal dike structure). (2) Impingement of organisms on the vertical traveling screens of the power plant.
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(3) Entrainment of organisms through the condensers. True entrapment and impingement are closely related since the productivity of an organism in the canal is not lost from the environment until the organism is removed by impingement. 1 Researchers have concluded that the effect of the canal depends upon the species involved. Species that are migrating long shore do not appear to be strongly affected by the canal'. ' Offshore, strong-swimming species
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are not diverted into the canal. There appears to be a resident popula-tion in the canal that is characteristic of the deeper nearshore area. Finally, true entrapment, as opposed to habitat creation, is measured by the organisms impinged on the intake screens. The total impingement on the intake screens of Units 1 and 2 was computed to be 3,358,000 individuals / year amounting to 20,991 kilograms / year (44,300 lbs fresh weight). Of this total 87% (biomass) was associated with category grouping I, II, VI and VIII (see below*) which are dominated by species with no known sports or commercial significance. Thirteen percent or 2,620' kilograms (5,760 lbs) were from categories which could l be considered sports or commercial species. The ten most common species 1 occuring on the screen were:.. (E)..Polydactylus octonemus. (Atlantic. T.hreadfin " i - l Category I), (2) Ogcocephalus radiatus (polkadot batfish - Category VI)
-(3) Chilomyctepus schoepfi (stiped burrfish - Category VI), (4) Callinectes sapidus (Slue crab - Category III), (5) Lactaphrys quadricornis (Scrawled cowfish - Category VI), (6) Pescidiacea (Ascideans - Category VIII), (7) Lagodon rhomboides (pinfish - Category VII), (8) Cephalopada .
(Squids - Category IV), (9) Bairdiella chrysura (silver perch - Category VII), and (10) Penaeus duorarum (pink shrimp - Category III).
- Threadfin school I. V. Fast swimming - bottom II. Grass-mat trackers VI. slow, weak swimming III. bottom dwellers VII. schooling IV. fast swimming - top VIII. sessile 1
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The final area of potential impact from the power plant comes from entrainment of organisms through the condensers. Such effects are appli-cable to organisms small enough to pass through che vertical traveling screens (3/8" square mesh). The two classe' of organisms considered here are zooplankton and juvenile fish. Research with the most common zooplankton in the area, Acartia tonsa, indicated mortality rates of 26.7%, 23.1%,15.7) and 33.6% for the fall, winter, spring and summer season respectively. The actual biomass entrained by the plant ranged from 2,000 lbs/ day to 5,100 lbs/ day and the entrained zooplankton killed by the power plant ranged from 180
.lbs/ day to 1,100 lbs/ day. The power plant is considered to be one of the
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.ggg .pre da' tors"in'the areh' of' infloente wh16h"Was colis'idered ~to be ~ " - -" - '"-
18,000 acres surface area with a corresponding volume of 222,000,000 m3 , With the area of influence noted above, the power plant predation rate was calculated and compared to natural predation. The results are shown in Table 1. . ! TABLE 1. Plankton Fredation Rates (%) Power Plant Total Natural Total l Season Predation Predation Predation Units 1 and 2 (%) (%) (%) 1 Fall 0.35 0.34 0.69 Winter 0.45 0.45 0.90 Spring 0.09 0.34 0.43 Summer 0.45 0.82 1.27 s t l
Entrained juvenile fish were sampled during' the months from April 1974 to December 1974. The estimated yearly catch of juveniles is s2x108
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individuals. The juvenile forms were divided into the following catagories:
' (1) selected schooling planktivores, (2) sport fish, (3) commercial (edible),
and (4) no commercial value. The percentage breakdown for these catagories are 79, 0.06, 4, and 17 respectively. Catches were most strongly
- affected by time of day.
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B. Discharge Area The heated effluent from the Crystal River Plant is discharged into a coastal area located between two estuaries. The area influenced by the plant ranges from the salt marsh adjacent to the discharge canal to numerous small basins partitioned by oyster bars and finally to the open Gulf. The area is shown in Figure 1. Each basin has been numbered to facilitate description in this report. The Gulf coastal area near Crystal River is very shallow. The average depth for each basin in the discharge area is given in Table 2. Depths in Basin 5 are approximately 5-6 feet just seaward of the outer oyster
' bl.ts7 th~en thb area open:'into 'the Gulf without"filrther'obstructlons?'r m"""
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The flow of water in the discharge area is influenced primarily by four factors: (1) tidal cycle, (2) effluent from the power plant (638,000 gpm), (3) flow from the Withlacoochee River / Cross Florida Barge Canal complex, and (4) flow from shallow tidal creeks. The tide dominates other flows.. With a rising tide, high salinity water enters the discharge basins through and over the oyster reef system. Effluent from the power plant, l barge canal, and the tidal creeks are held close to shore. With an 1 ebbing tide, water sequentially empties from the basins and flushes l seaward. Low salinity water from the barge canal flows southward through Basin-2 while the power plant effluent empties into Basin 3. Flow from the tidal creek is of course distributed depending on the position of the creek. Normal tide height for the area ranges from 1.5 to 2 feet. L
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The location of the thermal plume from the power plant varies according to the tidal ' condition. Under flood tide condition the effluent is retained principally in Basin 1, and to a lesser extent in the southern portion of Basin 2. The observed temperatures are approximately 3-6 C (5.4-10.8 F) above the ambient intake temperatures. On sunny days, the actual rise.above receiving water is less by about 0.5-1.0 C (0.98-1.8'F) due to thermal heating in the shallow water and marsh areas. Under ebb tide conditions the plume is swept into Basin 3. The outer oyster bars retard flow and cause the plume to be held in this area. Temperature rises of the order described above occur in Basin 3, although they are moderated somewhat more by added dilution from the barge canal.
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Typical plume sizes for both flood and ebb conditions are given in Table
- 3. Computer simulation of the thermal-hydraulic system has made possible calculations of the plume size and configuration with a high degree of accuracy.
l TABLE 2. Depths in Discharge Basins
- I Basin Depth (Mean Sea Level) l 1 2.5 Feet 2
3.3 Feet 3 3.8 Feet : 4 6.4 Feet
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TABLE 3. Observed Plume Size Flood Tide Temperature Range Size (Acres)
>4*C (7.2 F) 43 3.0-4.0*C (5.4-7.2F) 93 2.0-3.0 C (3.6-5.4*F) 309 1.0-2.0*C (1.8*-3.6 F) 671
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TOTAL Acres Above 1 C (1.8*F) 1116 Ebb Tide
>3 C (5.4*F) 203
,. . .. .r .. ~. ,,;n_.3;,9.co . z.3, g a _ g, 4,7 y. . ,, _,. . ~ , , , , .ggg. , .._., , ,_. . 1.0-2.0 C (1.8 -3.6*F) 248 TOTAL Acres Above 1 C (1.8 F) 719
'The effluent from the power plant empties into the shallow basins in the discharge area. Since the power plant has been in operation (Unit 1 in l
1966 and Unit 2 in 1969) the ecosystems in this area have adapted to the stress added by the power plant effluent. The resulting systems will be described. Due to the effect of the tide, the power plant effluent is, on flood tide, held in the shallow Basin 1 and in the salt-marsh. The marsh is made-up principally of Juncus roemarianus and Spartina alterniflora. The tempera-ture of the marsh averaged 3-6*C (5.4*-10.8 F) hotter than adjacent control areas. l k, l e
-.m.,- .
The As a result, the rate of metabolism of the marsh has increased. live standing sto.ck of Spartina was measured to be approximately the same at the end o'f the growing season in both the thermal and control areas; whereas, the dead standing crop has increased in the thermal area. The net primary productivity of Spartina is higher in the thermal marsh than in the control marshes. It appears as if the higher tempera-tures may have slso resulted in a seasonal displacement of fish in the tidal creeks. One effect of the construction of the canal system from the power plant is evidently still being manifested. The discharge canal diverted the flow of some of the tidal creeks. New channels are being formed con-
'tinually'. Th'is has 'resulted in. cons.iderable. sediment..acqumulatiop .in , , .
the discharge basins particularly Basins 1 and 3'. The area most directly affected by the power plant effluent is Basin'l. The water in this basin typically ranges from approximately 2-5 C (3.6'- 9.0*F) above ambient receiving water temperatures depending on location and, tidal cycle. The salinity in the basin ranges from 19Lto 25L. The area of the basin is estimated to be approximately 205 acres with an a erage depth of about 2.5 feet ( E.). Numerous areas within Basin 1 have experienced considerable sedimentation. It is Accumulation reaches as much as 100-200 cm (39.3-78.6 inches). The estimated that 5-10 acres have accumulated sediments of this depth. source of this sediment is the tidal creeks rather than the power plant and canals. New channels are in the. process of formation since the con-( struction of the discharge canal.
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. The area adjacent to and north of the discharge canal has no attached macrophytes. The remaining portion.of Basin 1 is basically a monoculture of Diplanthera wrightii. The total biomass of macrophytes in this area is approximately one-half that of areas of similar depths south of the' intake canal (Basin 6). The diversity is much smaller. The benthic invertebrate biomass in Basin 1 is approximately one-fourth that of Basin 6. Likewise, the diversity of invertebrate species is reduced.
The high phytoplankton productivity in the discharge basin is primarily
~
due to the influence of the barge canal system, rather than the power plant. Zooplankton standing crop is relatively insensitive to changes in temperature in the discharge basins until late summer when a thermal
. - maximum is reached. The vertebrates are less markedly affected .by u . -> .. : . .
adverse conditions than other organisms because of their mobility. The diversity of fish caught in the discharge estuary was somewhat less than that in the shallow estuary south of the intake canal. The primary productivity in Basin 1 is more strongly influenced by phytoplankton than is true for the intake estuary of similar depth. The total community metabolism was relatively constant in Basin 1 contrasted to a marked seasonal pattern in the estuary to the south. Spring, summer, and fall values for total community respiration were two to three times as high as winter values in Basin 6. The area identified as Basin 2 is shown in Figure 1. This area en-compasses approximately 1,337 acres. The southern portion of this basin
~
may be exposed to elevated temperatures of 1-2 C (1.8*-3.5*F) from the f g> k
power plant effluent. Salinity may vary considerably in this area, particularly the northernmost portion due to the influence of the Withla-coochee River / Cross Florida Barge Canal. Salinity values from 90 to 25L have been recorded. The average depth of the basin is 3.3 feet. Accumulation of sediment is much less pronounced in Basin 2 than in Basin 1. This basin has a large area of thin deposits (s20cm). Sediment deposits are thicker in the northern portion of the basin. d 2 Total attached macrophytes in Basin 2 exceeded those observed in the intake estuary Basin 7. Green macroalgae made up a significant pro-portion (s50%) of the standing crop. . ..,. .: . . -e. ..<..., High phytoplankton productivity in this area is due to the southerly transport of the eutrophic blooms of the barge canal mouth. Zooplankton standing crop was relatively insens'itive 'to position. The discharge area had relatively low values for zooplankton standing crop during the fall, but biomass increased during the rest of the year with a maximum in summer. Yearly total biomass was comparable with other areas. Previous work performed by the Florida DNR indicates little variation in benthic invertebrates between Basin 2 and their control area. Only slight seasonal variations between affected and nonaffected areas were noted for vertebrates. Therefore, little perturbation of the standing crop of invertebrates and vertebrates is expected in Basin 2. ( ,
Oyster reefs investigated in this area showed there was no significant difference between biomass of oysters,' reef structure, or larval set when the discharge area is compared with the intake area. There was a significantly lower biomass of other organism (crabs, barnacles, mussels) in the discharge area. Total reef metabolism was higher in the discharge 1 area than.in the intake area. Gross' primary production in t'he discharge bay was about 10% lower than in the Basin i during the summer.- Complete turnover of producer biomass ' - occurred every 5-6 days in both bays. Planktonic production was generally more than 50% of community production in the discharge area whereas the intake area was more benthic dominated with planktonic production compris-ing. less..thag 50.% p.f,to,tal c.ogmunity gross pro.ducti.on..
.,- . c
. 3,e . .. a.
Basin 3 is the area enclosed by oyster bars near the end of the discharge canal. Approximately 806 acres are enclosed in this area. Salinity in this basin is fairly stable at around 21-29%.. On ebb tide the power plant effluent empties into this basin. ' Water temperatures vary from about 1-4*C (1.8*-7.2"F) above receiving water temperatures. The average depth of the basin is about 3.8 feet. Considerable sediment accumulation has occurred near the center of the basin. Marsh material from Basin 1 which has been resuspended is evidently transported to Basin 3 resulting in a highly unconsolidated substrate and turbid water column in this region. Relatively light deposits are found around the outer areas of Basin 3.
- s. .-
e 9~ ._ . . . - - . . . . . , -
l The center portion of Basin 3 is unpopulated by macrophytes ($200 acres). The outer portions of the basin are relatively high in standing crop. These systems are macroalgal, dominated by red species. The basin is quite similar to Basin 7 in the intake area. Phytoplankton productivity is representative of the area in general. No significant difference was shown between phytoplankton primary productiv-ity and biomass in Basin 3 compared to the intaxe station. Zooplankton standing crop in the discharge area did not vary mar'kedly from other areas. The area had relatively low values,of biomass in the fall but it increased during the rest of the year with a maximum in the summer. ~* ~
' Gros's primary pr'o'd'uction' in 'the 'discharbe"bastn'Was' about'10floWef' thhn '
in the Basin 7 during the summer. Complete turnover of producer biomass occurred every 5-6 days in both the Basins 3 and 7. Planktonic production was generally more than 50% of community production in the discharge area, whereas the intake area was more benthic dominated. Basins 4 and 5 are generally removed from the influence of the power plant. The thermal plume is hardly distinguishable. The salinity is more stable than the inshore basins. Basin 4 encompasses approximately 1,024 acres and has an average depth of 6.4 feet. Basin 5 opens into the Gulf. Sedimentation in these basins is very thin. The biomass of macrophytes observed in the discharge Basins 4 and 5 was very similar to that in the intake Basin 8. Seagrasses were more promi-nent in the intake basin. Otherwise, Basin 5 was very similar to Basin 8.
*> l l
' All basins exhibited basically the same seasonal fluctuations in standing crop.
Earlier work (1969-1971) by the Florida Department of National Resources (DNR)_ indicated that variation in the benthic invertebrates was more strongly influenced by salinity than by temperature effects. Transects through Basin 4 and 5 did'not indicate marked variation between intake
. basins and discharge basin. The DNR work also indicated little variation - ,.
in vertebrate samples in these areas.
. ,. . . . . . ..,, . , y, .
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+
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e
IV. . PROJECTED IMPACT OF OPERATING UNIT 3 Crystal River Unit 3 is a nuclear unit which is currently .heduled to become operational in late 1976. The plant is designed with a generat-ing capacity of 855 MWe. The cooling w.ater system is similar to Units 1 and 2 with a designed circulating water flow of 680,000 gpm and a designed temperature rise of 9.7 C (17.5"F). The cooling water for Unit 3 passes through ~eight vertical traveling screens which are similar in design to the existing screens on Units 1 and 2. It is always difficult to predict with precision all impacts and their implications befo e the fact. However, the situation at Crystal River ,, ~
' ~
', is somewhat unique since a thorough b'as'e study has'b'een'periormed'. 'Thi's' ' '
has enhanced greatly our understanding of the ecosystems and their interrelationships. In addition, a great deal of modeling work has been , performed by researchers at both the University of Florida (Odum) and the University of South Florida (Carder). Each area of concern will be addressed here with estimates of the added impact from the operation of Unit 3. . The source of cooling water for Units 1 and 2 has been discussed pre-viously. When Unit 3 becomes operational the cooling water flow will approximately double .(638,000 gpm to 1,318,000 gpm). It is predicted that the water will be pulled from the three areas discussed previously in about the same proportions as occur for Units 1 and 2', i.e., 25% from Basin 6 and 7, 25% from Basin 8 and 50% from the deeper Gulf. Any change in these proportions will tend toward increasing the amount from the Gulf.
^--
Since the canal configuration will not change with the addition of Unit 3, little change in entrapment effects are anticipated. Strong-swimming pelagic forms should still be able to enter and exit the canal freely. The canal will obviously continue to act as a hindrance to long shore migration, forcing. inshore migrants further offshore in search of a way through or around the dike. A small increase in entrapment due to the increased flow field is'possible.
~ ' '
With the approximate doubling of'fiow through vertica'l traveiing screens resulting from the addition of Unit 3, there will probably be increased total impingement. It is anticipated that there will be a large, short-duration increase followed by a new steady-state pattern estimated at Y' ' ' 1.23 ' times 'the pre ~sent rate. Th'is magnitude of -incre'ase' fs expe'cted - - because the impingement process is dependent upon the quantity of fish available to be impinged. The remaining consideration for impact to the intake area is entrainment of organisms in the cooling water passing through the power plant. Two , aspects of this problem are: (1) Entrainment of plankton, and (2) en-trainment of juvenile fish. It is estimated that plankton entrainment will be directly proportional to the volume of cooling water. Therefore, the plankton predation rate by the power plants is expected to double when Unit 3 becomes opera-tional. The actual predicted predation rates are listed in Table 4. (. I e e
TABLE 4 Predicted Zooplankton Predation Rates (%) Power Plant Predation Natural Total ' Season Unit 1&2 Unit 3 Predation Predation Fall 0.35 0.35 0.34 1.04 Winter 0.45 0.45 0.45 1.35 Spring 0.09 0.09 0.34 0.52 Summer 0.45 0.45 0.82 1.72 The resul'ts of this are an additional kill of zooplankton in the range from 180 lbs/ day to 1100 lbs/ day (dry weight) depending on the concentra-tion of zooplankton and the season.
' ' ' ~ ' '
Phytopl a'nk ton in'thEihme'nbli l"ll khw'i se' tid ' ilcre'as~5d .' Phytdplsiiktori standing-crop is, however, much more strongly influenced by nutrient supply than by predation of the magnitude anticipated at Crystal River. Thus, the ecological effect of phytoplankton entrainment is expected to be insignificant.
.Little information is available to indicate the controlling factors for
- the entrainment of juvenile fish. It is assumed, therefore, that en-trainment is not source dependent, but is directly proportional to cooling water volurae. The anticipated increased entrainment is 2x108 individuals / year. These fall into the following categories: (1) selected schooling planktivores - 79%, (.2) sport fish - 0.06%, (3) commercial (edible) - 4% and (4) no commercial value - 17%.
With the operation of Unit 3 the quantity of waste heat released to the environment will approximately double. At the same time, the veloc)ty i-
. of the water in the discharge canal will double. This will result in an enlargement in the size of the thermal plume. The basic plume con-figuration will not change markedly.
Calculations have previously been made for the size of the plume with all three units in operation. None have, however,.been made since the , model was updated and verified. Such calculations are presently being performed and will be available in the near futu.e. The calculations 4 . .. that have been made are more conservative than the verified model and indicate an increase in plume size by a factor of 1.5 to 2.0 with the added heat load from Unit 3. This leads to the following estimates for plume sizes.
. . s. :,. .. , . .a. ,
TABLE 5. Estimated Plume Size Flood Tide Temperature Range Size (Acres) 4*C (7.2*F) 65-86 3 -4'C (5.4*-7.2*F) 140-186 . 2*-3 C (3.6*- 5.4*F) 460-620 1*-2*C (1.8*-3.6*F) 1000-1340 Total Acres Above 1 C (1.8"F) 1670-2240 i Ebb Tide 3*C (5.4*F) 304-406 l 1 2*-3*C (3.6*-5.4'F) 402-535
-1*-2*C (1.8*-3.6'F) 372-496 Total Acres Above 1*C (1.8 F) 1080-1440
' (. '
t . - - ,-,rr.. - - - - > - - -
On flood tide the plume is expected to remain close to the shoreline, thus Basin 1 will experience temperatures in the range of 3*C (5.4 F) or
~
more above ambient. Basins 2 and 3 will experience temperatures of the order of 1*C - 3*C (1.8*F - 5.4 F) above ambient. On ebb tide the f.eated plume will most likely affect only Basins 1, 3 and 5. The area experiencing the largest temperature rise should be Basin 3. Some of the plume (1*C) will probably spread to Basin 5.
'J,, #
With the doubling of the flow through the plant, the average velocity of the water in the discharge canal will douhle. This will tend to increase the seaward momentum of the effluent and have the effect of moving the plume farther away from the shallow, inshore region. The increased vei6cily i~s nd't ' expected t'o inersase ' eros' ion'ini the Eehals' themselVdf, * '" " because the canal substrate is primarily limerock. The source of sedi-mentation from the tidal creeks should not change appreciably. Therefore, no substantial increase in the sediment deposition rate in the discharge area is expected with the operation of Unit 3. Likewise, water quality in the d1 charge area is not expected d> change markedly with the opera-tion of Unit 3. Finally, the salinity in the discharge area should tend toward a more constant higher value with the increase in flow of higher salinity Gulf water into the area. This should have the beneficial effect of stabilizing the flora and fauna of the area. It appears that the two main factors influencing the marine flora as a result of operating Units 1 and 2 are sediment accumulation and increased n - ( e
temperature. The Florida DNR recognized that salinity changes may be influencing some of the benthic fauna. Between sediment accumulation and increased temperature, it appears the sediment / turbidity effects are more important. Certainly, these are synergistic. With the operation of Unit 3, there should not be a considerable in-crease in siltation except possibly due to some temporary resuspension in Basin 1. The transport time for sediment from the marsh to Basin 1
- s .
and ultimately to Basin 3 will decrease but the amount of sediment transported will remain about the same. The temperature rise experienced from Unit 3 should occur mainly in places where the flora and fauna have been suppressed due to the combined effects of temperature and sediment
~
accumulation. Thd DiplSNtnera syst'em as'"f'o'und present19'in' the' northern' part of Basin 1 may spread into the southern areas of Basin 2 if the temperature rise exceeds the thermal maximum for the marine algae found there now. Basin 3 should not be greatly affected with the addition of Unit 3, since the area exposed to the plume is bare of macrophytes. Plume effects in Basins 4 and 5 are expected to be insignificant. . g. b
~ -a m
V. ANALYSIS OF ALTERRATIVES At present the shallow discharge basins are serving to transfer the waste heat from the power plant to the atmosphere. These bosins serve as a cooling device for the power plant. Various alternative cooling devices have been studied in terms of engineering feasibility and cost. Table 6 lists the cost for various alternative systems for Units 1, 2, and 3 while Table 7 lists comparable cost for Unit 3 alone. The minimum yearly cost for any cooling option which will remove the heat load from the shallow area is $17,927,667 for all three units and $9,337,736 for Unit 3 alone.
. .o Table 6,summ.arizes. the, costs .and benefits assog.iated.with..ansoff , stream. . . , , .. .
cooling alternative. There are obviously other impacts than the ones listed. However, it is believed that all linpacts of appreciable significance are included. Dr. Odum has prepared additional evaluations of costs and benefits. He has' estimated that the costs of offstream cooling range from 50-100 times the benefit to be derived and he has therefore recommended that a policy of j observation of actual effects be pursued for an established period before any actual commitments for an alternate cooling system are made. ) The position of Florida Power Corporation can be summarized as follows: J l
- 1) The most significant impact to the coastal area adjacent to the power I plant appears to be sediment accumulation in the discharge basins.
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. 1 i
l t' l }
This impact has already been experienced and is essentially irreversible' in the short tenn. Offstream cooling will do nothing to offset this effect. '
- 2) The cost of constructing and operating cooling ' towers for Units 1 and 2 far outweighs the benefits to be realized.
- 3) No significant impact is predicted from the operation of Unit 3 - ~
with once-through cooling.
- 4) The cost of constructing and operating cooling towers for Unit 3
, far outweighs th,e, bene, fits to be real,ized,.
,... ,,,,,1 s- . ..
- 5) Units 1, 2, and 3 can operate with once-through cooling in a manner l which assures the protection and propagation of a balanced, indigenous !
population of shellfish, fish and wildlife in and on that body of water adjacent to the Crystal River Plant.
- 6) S'ufficient baseline data is now available at Crystal River to insure that any significant impact could be discerned should it occur. !
l
- 7) Florida Power Corporation recommends that Unit 3 be brought on line with its present cooling system and with sufficient environmental ,
monitoring to assure detection of any adverse impact. Any decision ! requiring modification of the existing cooling system should be based on demonstrated need rather than projected impact. The benefit to be derived from any modification must be balanced against the cost of implementation.
)
er TABLE 6* . Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Station Cooling System Study, Units 1, 2 & 3 Investment Summary
~~~ Closed Circuits Alternatives Multicell Circular Natural Fan Assisted -
Mech. Draft. Mech. Draft Draft Nat. Draft Spray Cooling Total First Cost 61,500,000 63,700,000 83,900,000 72,400,000 64,100,000 Equipment plus Installation Annual Revenue 10,639,500 11,020,000 14,514,700 12,525,200 Requirement For 11,089,300 Capital Investment - Annual Total Evaluated 17,927,667 18,864,623 21,$29,516 19,431,024 Revenue Requirement ' fg t Total Evaluated Present 118,409,215 124,973,747 135,970,490 126,399,092 Worth-1978 Dollars [. Table 1 from Gilbert Associates Report " Condenser Tooling System Study" for Crystal River Units 1,2, ana 3, October,1974 ~' G s to
A n-TABLE 7* , Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Station Cooling System Study, Unit. 3
- Closed Circuit Alternatives Extend S. Dike Multicell Circular Naturali Fan Assisted Open Circuit Intake Canal Mech. Draft Mech. Draft Draft ' Nat. Draft Spray Cooling 3600 ft/7200 ft Total First Cost- $32,800,000 37,200,000 53,600,000 39,200,000 12,300,000 153,000/306,000 Equipment plus '
Installation , Annsal Revenue 5,805,600 6,584,400 9,487,'000 6,938,400 3,177,100 27,081/54,162 Requirement For Capital Investme.it ' Annual Total Evaluated 9,337,736 10,203,483 12,456,124 10,430,488 2,753,846 27,081/54,162 ' Revenue Requirement - Total Evaluated Present 60,492,489 65,630,565~ 76,790,h75 66,522,423 16,835,232 153,000/306,000 Worth-1978 Dollars
- Table 2 from Gilbert Associates Report " Condenser Cooling System Study" for Crystal River Unit 3, Oct.,1974 s
9
- il
31-VI. CROSS-REFERENCE The research effort at Crystal River has resulted .in massive amounts of data. This has been published in numerous reports. The main body of information was included in the four-volume final report to the interagency research advisory committee. Additional supplemental data are enclosed as attachments to this submittal. This section develops a cross _ s .- reference be':veen the data and the original study plan. The Atomic Energy Commission (now the NRC) published its Environment.a1 Impact Statement for Crystal River in May,1973. Included within that~ document (Section 12.3) was a proposed study program to be
. . . , . . .- .<., y.
n....
.. ::.. . .~ ; - - ,
implemented by Florida Power Corporation (FPC). Subsequent to the receipt
.of the proposed study program, FPC designed a program which it felt possible to implement, and submitted that program to the interagency
)
research advisory committee on June 27, 1973, in the AEC's office in ; Bethesda, Maryland. The committee adopted the FPC program at that tim l with the provision that additional refinements be presented at a later date to cover the plankton phase of the research an'd the statistical re-r*aw capability. The following outline appeared in the June 27, 1973, submittal to the interagency research advisory committee. References have been ) added to indicate where the specific data appear. References to the four-volume final report will be indicated by "FR" to indicate the final 1 report and with the appropriate volume and page numbers. Reference to
. s a
_ _ m l
the' attachments will simply be indicated by the attachment number. In addition to the data referenced above, the following data have also been provided; (1) ECOSYSTEM MODELLING AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS. (FR, Volume I, p.1 - 417; and FR, Volume II, p.1 - 254') (2) PROGRAM AEVIEW AND STATISTICAL EVALUATION. ., (Atrachment 1) (3) JUVENILE FISH ENTRAINMENT. (AttLehment 10) (4) VELOCITY PROFILE AT TRAVELLING SCREENS. (Attachment 12) (5) PLANT DATA. i.,,, . v. (Attachment 4) - -- - - - ' - v- - ' ~ - - - (6) HYDROGRAPHY STUDY. (Attachment 7) (7) DETAILED BATHYMETRY AND BOTTOM TYPE ANALYSIS. (FR, Volume III, p. 413 - 443) This extensive compilation of date goes beyond the original re-quirements of the study program and reflects the additions and changes made by the interagency research review committee at the quarterly meetings. i l e N- S
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The environmental research program described in this chapter conforms as much as possible to the AEC and EPA proposed programs. In a few instances relatively minor details remain to be resolved. These are being addressed currently. In some cases the program requirements were found to be unrealistic. Chapter VI of this document has been included to discuss such instances. In cases , where exceptions to the program ,were taken, as many experts in the relevant area were consulted as possible within the time frame in which the -program was formulated. As a result, we believe that this program presents a very comprehensive, well organized ef fort which will facilitate an evaluation of any reasonable cooling alternative for the units at Crystal River.
. > 1: .. . . . , . , ; .,
For case of presentation and understanding the estuarine area adjacent to the plant site is described in four regions: (1) intake area, (2) intake canal, (3) discharge area and (4) marsh grasses. The research being conductc1 in each area is discussed according to subject. A. Intake Area
- 1. Physical measurements to determine the source of cooling water.
(ATTACHMENT 7) a) The objective is to determine the source of cooling water to ! I establish the origin of the plankton population being entrained. 1 l
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6 9 v
b) Techniques employed will in>iude'.
- 1) Long term (up to 6 nonths) recording current meters positioned in the intake area;
- 2) Periodic (bi-weekly) samplings with a portable current meter covering sufficient stations to give good source resolution;- - -
- 3) Dya studies to determine flow patter ns and mixing of intake waters;
-. - - . o:. ,. . . . .. , , , . . . . .. .., ,_ . , . .,.. ,.; .
- 4) STD surveys to determine water characteristics in otder to facilitate identification of water types;
- 5) Radio-beacon drogues to trace water path-lines over a a
i tidal cycle. c) Runs will be monthly except as indicated. , d) Station locations are shown in Figure V-1.
- 2. Plankton Sampling (FR, VOLUME IV; ATTACHMENT 7 AND ATTACHMENT 8) a) The objective is to establish the species being entrained in the system and their quantities, condition and fate.
A-p
=
I b) Techniques (1) Sampling Program . (a) . Zooplankton
-- (FR, VOLUME IV, p.1 - 418)
(i) The techniques discussed in " Environmental Research Program at Crystal. River - A , Technical Discussion" P. 46 will be used.'* l (ii) Sixty-five (65) mp net hauls will be taken i ..
.e.. ,
. 9 ._
yerio.d.i cally,,,to determine correction factors for the biomass missed by larger nets. (iii) Replicate samples will be combined for counting. A portion of each replicate will be saved for contingency analysis. (iv) Two replicate samples will be taken at each station. (v) Surface current, speed, and direction will be determin 2d.
*The report cited was submitted by FPC to the AEC on 3-6-73 and discussed in detail the research program currently underway at Crystal River.
k e n
(b) Phytoplankton (FR, VOLUME IV, p. 419-447; ATTACHMENT 7; AND ATTACHMENT 8) (1) Routine sample size will be one liter. Samples will be preserved in 57. formalin. (ii) Settling tubes and an inverted miscroscope will be used in sample analysis.
.s - o f ,.
(iii) An immediate examination of live material vill be made monthly at selected stations.
..._- a . . ,(iv). ,Phytoplankton , primary . prod,uctiyity ,wfll be . . ,
measured monthly by the C14 method. (2) The fate and condition ot organisms will be determined as outlined in the proposal submitted by Dr. Fox and Dr. Maturo (See enclosure C, Section Vll) . (FR, VOLUNE IV, p. 69-264) c) Station Locations . (1) The locations of sampling stations are shown in Figure V-2. l I (2) The rationale for station locations is: l
s , (a) Station A gives a measure of inshore benthic invertebrate larvae and ichthyoplankton populations. (b) Station B gives a measure of plankton in area 2 which is currently concluded to be the principal source of cooling water. (c) Station C gives a measure of plankton in water similar to off-shore Gulf water. d) ' Frequencyof 'ShmhIing"':
- d. :- < *
(1) Station B
'(a) Quarterly, Mae station will be sampled hourly over a 24 hour period. Only biomass determination ,
and the identification of major species will be performed. (b) Every four weeks a 24 hour sampling will be conducted based on tidal and diurnal cycles as determined by methods discussed in paragraph V. A.2.d.1.a. of this section. (c) At four week intervals, two weeks ,out of phase with \ - - the procedures in the previous paragraph, a surface sample only will be taken.
^
(2) At Stations A and C a surf ace sample ecly will be taken every two weeks.
- 3. Water Quality '
-- (ATTACHMENT 2) a) The objective of this analysis is to aid in determining the origin of the cooling water and to determine the nutrient levels of the cooling water for background .
info rmation. , b) Highpoints of the techniques are listed below. (1) Samples will be taken concurrently with the zooplankton samples. .
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(2) Salinity and temperature will be taken in situ. (3) Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Ammonia and Silicate will be analyzed by a Technicon Auto Analyzer. (4) Dissolved carbon will be. analyzed by a Beckman Analyzer. (5) Chlorophyll content will be determined by an acetone extraction.
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(6) ' Suspended load is to be determined by filtration of a water sample and gravimetric methods, c) Station locations are the same as zooplankton stations. d) Samples will be taken during zooplankton sampling and primary productivity measurements. B. Intake Canal -
- 1. Physical Heasureaments
-- (ATTACHMENT 7) a
...s. . .,. ,y, .,,,..y.,
a) The objectives are to determine , velocity profiles (over various tidal conditions) at cross-sections located along the' intake canal and at the intake screens. b) Station locations will be evenly spaced over the distance from the intake screens to the end of the confined channel. There will be three stations over the span. c) Frequency of sampling r. 1 be over two complete tidal i cycles twice a year. l
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- 2. Plankton Samplings
-- (FR, VOLUME IV) a) The objectives are: . \-
I e g h _
r, . (1) Similar to those out11ned in paragraph V. A.2.a. (2) To determine similarities and differences, if present, with the intake area water. 1 (3) To determine the contribution of the canal populaiion to the estuary. (4) To supply input data for the ecological modelling effort. b) The techniques to be used are similar to those discussed in In' additi6n' at- S'stiohE,' three ' levels will': paragraph V.A.2.b. t be sampled. Use of a pump is being :'.nvestigated, c) Station locations are shown in Figure V-2. The rationale for station location is: l (1) Station D measures the population entering the canal system. l l (2) Station E measures the population being entrained. (3) Station F measures '.he population leaving the canal system. (4) Other. points as outlined in the Fox-Maturo proposal (see enclosure C of Section VII). ( I
d) The frequency of sampling for all stations is the same as that outlined in paragraph V. A.2.'d.1. for Station B.
- 3. Population of Canal
-- (FR,VOLUMEIII,p. 107-378 AND ATTACHMENT 9) a) The objectives of this study are to determine the population characteristics of the intake canal and the behavior relative to time, tide, season, barge movements and intake velocities.
b) Stations will be lo'cated along the length of the intake canal depending upon the type of net employed and, in turn, the
" .O
- e; portion' of'. the population'being' sampled?
(1) Eight Wyoming fyke-nets are tr. be employed along a 0.5 to 1.0 mile portion of the canal to deterclues net directional movement of bottom organisms. (2) Sixteen Coffin traps are to be employed at 500 ft. to 1,000 ft. intervals to obtain relative population -
-densities along the canal bottom.
l (3) Twelve gill nets of varying mesh are to be employed along the canal banks banks and extended into the canal. These nets will be used to determine trends in movement of
- mid-and top-water species.
l 1
, N (4) Tagging and marking studies will be performed in conjunction with the sampling described above to help determine movement patterns and give an index of species density in the intake canal.
c) The fyke-nets, Coffin traps and gil'. nets will be deployed sequentially at one wee'k' intervals during the sampling period. I *
- 4. Fish 1mpingement Study
-- (FR,VOLUMEII,p. 259-307; FR, VOLUME III, p. 165-378 AND ATTACHMENT 9) a)' 'The o'bject'ive 'of' this study is 'to quantify in terms. of num.ber, . ' ' ' .u . 2 ..
9 size / age class and biomass, the species impinged on the traveling screens. b) Samples are collected at the ends of the screen wash. The samples are then sorted to species, counted, weighed and lengthed. Statistical evaluation of the data will be performed. Both ottfalls will be monitored simultaneously - to determine the variations between the outfalls, c) Hourly monitoring of impinged organisms will be performed on a weekly basis., This program will be continued until 1 full year of data is obtained. The screen-wash monitoring
.(
- .+*-5*, g g_, ,
will be continued for four weeks beyond the one-year record
'to obtain a data overlap. In addition, sampling of each end of the screens will be performed for three consecutive weeks.
- 5. Water Quality (ATTACHMENT 2) a) The objectives are:
(1) The same as given in paragraph V.A.3.a. of this section. (2) To measure changes in nutrient levels caused by
- ,r . s
. . - . _. . . . . .. ,s . . , .. . <
entrainment. b) The techniques used are given in paragraph V. A.3.b. c) The station locations are the same as those discussed in paragraph V.B.2.c. - d) The sampling frequency is identical to the zooplankton sampling discussed :b2 paragraph V.B.2.d.
- 6. Diversion' Studies (ATTACHMENT 13)
The University of South Florida Department of Marine Science, is currently investigating the use of artificial and ( 9 D w u- e-- _ y
- y . ,
natural barriers to the free movement of fishes, spillways, fith ladders, and other methods of diverting fishes in an attempt to solve the problem of fish entrapment and impingement at the various Florida Power. plants. This work will be coordinated with the entrapment and impingement studies proposed for Crystal River in paragraphs V.B.3. and V.B.4. of this section. C. Discharge Area .
- 1. Physical Measurements
' ' (FR, VOLUME.1II,"p. 379-443;' ATTACHMENT 3; and: ATTACHMENT 6)- -
s> a) The objective is to define the existing three-dimensional therma) plume under various hydrological, meteorological, and tidal conditions. b) Station locations are shown in Figure V-1. c) Techniques will include: (1) Long term recording current meters; (2) Dye studies; (3) STD surveys to determine water characteristics in order to identify plume water, Withlacoochee
fresh water, and Gulf water and to define the thermal plume and its zones of mixing. (4) The federal agencies have suggested the use of thermal imagery for plume mapping. Thermal imagery overflights of the Crystal
- River Plant thermal plume were performed by Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in 1970.
The results of these flights were of little value since it was demonstrated by field ..,s.- s , . . , . , . measurements . that th,e, plume sinks rapi,dly upon leaving the plant, and is not discerned by- infrared photography. d) The frequency of surveys will be quarterly.
- 2. Mathematical Modelling
-- (ATTACHMENT 6)
- a) The objective is to develop, verify and/or modify the the'rmal plume mathematical model to accurately simulate the plume described by the work in paragraph V.C.1.
b) Refinements include: l l i
. 1 4
t
+
" ' ' * * +- <,we',n ,_ ,,,. _, , , _,., ., , ,____ . _
'(1) A program called " Beer-Can" has been added to simulate the movement of a water parcel, drogue, or similar ,
tracking device. (2) Water storage of marsh-creeks is being incorporated into the model boundaries.
- 3. Plankton Sampling -
-- (FR, VOLUME IV, p. 1 - 447) a) The objectives are:
(1) To compare stations in the, thermal outfall with stations in the intake and canal areas. (2) To establish a station in the thermally affected area. (3) To provide data which can be integrated into the modelling of the inner and outer bay ecological systems. b) Techniques are identical to those described in paragraph V.A.2.b. c) Station locations are shown in Figure V-2. The rationale for the stations is (1) Station G measures the area of the estuary receiving the thermal impact from the plant. iv ,. ,
(2) Station 11 is relatively unaf fected by the thermal plume and will show if the population in this area is similar to Station C. It should be useful for evaluating primary productivity. d) Sampling Frequency (1) Station G will be similar to the intensive sampling program outlined in paragraph V.A.2.d.1.
- . - e. ,(2) Stat, ion.,Il will;be sampled at.,the same frequency as
.s .
Station C, see paragraph V.A.2.d.2.
- 4. Water Quality (ATTACHMENT 2) a) The objectives are to determine water quality for:
(1) Incorporation in estuarine modelling. (2) Comparison with the intake area. i b) The techniques to be used are those outlined in paragraph i V.A.3.b. c) Sampling stations will be the same as those identified ( in paragraph V.C.3.c. t "9 m - amm n u
d) Sampling frequency will be the same as discussed for paragraph V.C.3.d.
- 5. Marine Environment Survey (FR, VOLUME II, p. 377 - 437; FR, VOLUME III, p. 106; ATTACHMENT 9 AND ATTACHMENT 10) a) The objectives of the survey are:
(1) The assessment of thermally-affected and non-affected portions of the study area. (2) The measurements of abundance and distribution of
.= t *
. . s . * , . *= ' '
.. benthic macrophytes and periphyton, microinvertebrates.
(3) The quantification of per-unit-area and total area ecosystem components. (4) The preparation of base maps of the ecosystem by
- season .
(5) The preparation of map overlays of physical and biological parameters. b) A description of the sampling techniques to be employed is given in Table V-1. c) Station locations are controlled by the diversity of bottom ;
. \. . !
r-types. Three areas of different sampling frequency are described below: (1) A trapezoidal-shaped area adjacent to and north of the discharge canal has been sampled quite intensively because the diversity of bottom types precludes stratified sampling based on substrate and plant community. Most of the work has been concentrated s in this area in the past since the potential offect of the plume is greatest in this area.
* ~
(2)M' A" region"eddlese'd "by' the k'F isotherm 'as calculated by Battelle and shown in Figure 5.3 of the AEC's Final Environmental Impact Statement dated May 1973. (3) A region enclosed by the 2*F isotherm and shown in the
. ' reference above.
In the latter two regions, investigative sampling is being conducted to determine if the region can be readily categorized by substrate and plant community. Since the depth of the water in these regions precludes the possibility of identifying bottom types from aerial photographs, fif ty stations will be located and sampled init'ially. Hopefully, the information 6 0
.~~ .r., , -- - - - - "'
gained from this sampling will give light for ways to improve the method.
- 6. Sedimentation Program
-- (FR, VOLUME II, p. 309 - 376 AND ATTACHMENT 9) a) The objectives of the sedimentation program are to:
(1) Determine the ef fects of non-catastrophic ' deposition'of' ' materials on benthic primary productivity. (2) Analyze the existing sediments to determine particle
~
site' ' an
' d 'compositi6n.' -' '.
- a b) The techniques to be used are:
(1) Varying amounts of sediment will be placed on plots and the plots' productivity will be measured by noting
. differences in oxygen production occurring in an enclosing dome.
(2) The aegree of sediment analysis has not been determined at this time. It is expected that particle size, settling
)
rate, carbon and nitrogen content will be measured. l Details will be made available as negotiations proceed. I e N.. j l w
t D. Marsh Grass Study
-- (FR, VOLUME II, p. 1 - 92)
- 1. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of artifically heated water on the marsh grass community.
- 2. Techniques a)- Primary Productivity and Marsh Grass Metabolism
- 1. Annual net community production is measured by the harvest method for live and dead material within 2 .
~ . .
. ^ .'
a 0.25M clip quadrat. Nine samples'arh taken of the Spartina and 5 of the Juncus. Control and affected areas are compared.
- 2. Grass community metabolism - Total community metabolism is measured by measuring C0 change in an environmental chamber. Four replicat es are sampled continously over a 24 hour period for a five to seven day period.
b) Population Dynamics ( The major consumers in the marsh community, snails and fiddler crabs, are counted in each vegetation quadrat.
- 3. Sampling Areas
%. l l
e r -
-S2-The Efected area being measured is the norsh area immediately north of the discharge canal. Two areas are being used for .
controls, Luttrel Island which is a mile north of the canal and Negro Island which is to the south.
- 4. Sampling Frequency a) Community metabolism will be sampled quarterly. .
b) All other parameters will be sampled monthly. ' . - m .. ,, , , 3 .,
. . .E. Other Areas .
-- (DAMES AND M0 ORE, " TERRESTRIAL SUR,VEY, SALT DRIFT EVALUATION")
Incorporated within the program proposed by the AEC and EPA were requirements for general surveys in areas potentially affected by alternative cooling systems. Most of the areas of concern have been addressed in the program discussed above.
- However, plans for some of the surveys, in particular, those
-dealing with the terrestrial flora and fauna and the nursery areas have not been completed at this time. These plans are being addressed currently and the finalized -plans will be l made available to the AEC and EPA at the first review meeting.
i u l a. s e n
r' LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT 1 ' l Program Review and Statistical Evaluation Synopsis ' ATTACHMENT 2 Water Quality Summary ATTACHMENT 3 Example of Water Tr i.perature Data Format Data is Stored on Computer Tape - ATTACHMENT 4 Example of Physical Plant Data Format Data is Stored on Computer Tape
' ~ '
A
..TTACHMENT 3 * ' ' ' ' '
Synopsis of Research Publications of the Hydrography Study ATTACHMENT 6 THESIS of Mr. Ronald Klausewitz containing thermal plume model verification ATTACHMENT 7 Source of Cooling Water Study ATTACHMENT 8 Summary of Phytoplankton Data ATTACHMENT 9 Report A of the Final Report to Florida Power Corporation
" Evaluations of Interactions Between a Power Generation Facility and a Contiguous Estaurine Ecosystem" Samuel C.
Snedaker and Staff
4 ATTAQUENT 10 l Map of Approximate Macrophyte Standing Crop (gm - dry wt/M2) Mr. Martin Van Tine l ATTACHMENT 11 Juvenile Fish Entrapment Study ATTACHMENT 12 Intake Velocity Measurements taken at the Travelling Screens
,, of Units 1 and 2 ,
ATTACHMENT 13 A Review and Annotated Bibliography of the Problem of Fish Entrapment at Power Generating Facilities 1 l. - ',. .-- -
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CRYSTAL RIVER RESEARCH PROGRAM REVIEW AND STATISTICS EVALUATION Florida Power Corporation obtained the services of Dr. Donald E. Henley, limnologist, and Dr. Robert T. Lackey, biometrician, through Law Engineering, Inc. to act as an indenpendent advisory and research review board. Their function was to serve as a disinterested third party, capable of criticizing and reviewing the research at Crystal River. In addition, they served, upon demand, as advisors to individual members
. of the Interagency Committee.
In this capacity, Dr. Henley first held conferences with the research group to aid them in defining their survey goals. Based on these meetings, a group of letters were written wnich were made available to the Interagency Committee at their meetings. These letters commented specifically on approaches to data analysis. In its advisory capacity to the interagency subgroup, this board attended all designated meetings of the interagency subgroup and were available to this connittee for questions regarding the statistical treatment of all programs and the general direction of research. Appended to this sheet are the resumes of Dr.'Henley and Dr. Lackey and a complete set of the written reports to Florida Power Corporation and attendance lists for the interagency meetings which they attended. O L .
s LIST OF ATTENDEES AND AFFILIATION
. INTERAGENCY /FPC/RESEA3CH MEETING HELD OCTOBER 25, 1973 i INTERAGENCY C0fMITTEE THERMAL ENTRAP!/Etf STUDIES Bruce Reynolds, EPA Samuel C. Snedaker, U of F Charles H. Kaplan, EPA Clay A. Adams, U of F Michael Morford, Interior Robin Van Ti*.te, U of F Donald E. Sells, AEC Michael J. Oesterling, U of F Thomas D. Cain, AEC Gary Evink, U of F William L. Templeton, Battelle-Northwest MODELLING INTERAGENCY COLMITTEE MEMBERS NOT A'ITENDING H. Thomas Odum, U of F f :~~ -
gy' gfg g,, gyg. ~ - - . . - . - *i . g gf . g ,y . . c ,- Lee Tebo, EPA H. McKellar, U o,f F
^
Kneeland McNulty, NOAA M. E. Lehman, U of F Wade Smith, U of F HYDROGRAPHY . Kendall L. Carder, USF 4 Ron Klausewitz, USF ZOOPLANKTON Frank Maturo, Jr., U of F FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Bill Ingram, III, U of F Kenneth Garrison
~
Ray Alden, U of F Joseph T. Johnson John W. Caldwell, U of F
' LAW ENGINEERING PHYTOPLANKTON ; nnn y nnlev
- Robert A. Gibson, USF Rnhavt T_ Tntkey (Bf nmetrician) e i
i - I. L..__ n
~
- LIST OF ATTENDEES AND AFFILIATION
, INTERAGENCY /FPC/RESEARCH MEETING HELD DECEMBER 11, 1973 INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE Donald E. Sells, AEC
. Thomas D. Cain, AEC Michael Morford, Dept. Interior INTERAGEdCY COMMITTEE' MEMBERS NOT ATTENDING Jan Prager, EPA Lee.Tebo, EPA Kneeland McNulty, NOAA William L. Templeton,.Battelle-Northwest FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Joseph T. Johnson LAW ENGINEERING ,
Q2, E. Henley Rnhart T. Lackey (Biometrician) OTHERS ATTENDING Bill Regan, AEC
. Bill Ott, AEC Delbert Hicks, E?A (For Lee Tebo)
( O w e me e e6
i
.s.'- .
LIST OF ATTENDEES AND AFFILIATION 1 INTERAGENCY /FPC/RESEARCH MEETING HELD FEBRUARY 6 and 7, 1974 INTERAGENCY COPJilTTEE Donald E. Sells, AEC, Kensington INTERAGENCY COPHITTEE i; EMBERS NOT ATTENDING Thomas D. Cain, AEC, Kensington William L. Templeton, Battelle-Northwest Michael Morford, Interior, Washington Jan Prager, EPA, Narragansett Lab Le.e Tebo, EPA., Athens. , Kneeland McNulty, NOAA OTHERS ATTENDING FR0l1 FEDERAL AGENCIES Howard Zeller, EPA, Atlanta Delbert Hicks, -(for Mr. Tebo), EPA, Athens W. R. Ott ( for Dr. Cain), AEC, Kinsington . STATE PARTICIPATION D.S. Beaumariage, Florida Dept. of Natural Resources . Brian Barnett, Florida Game & Fish Commission Robin Fletcher, Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund l ' Edward Joyce (second day only, Florida Department l of Natural Resources l I -
. )
-i O
- - ' j[" . . ~ .
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEliS S. C. Snedaker C. A. Adams Robin Van Tine UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, MARINE LAB Frank Maturo John W. Caldwell Raymond W. Alden, III William Ingram, III UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERTNG SCIENCES H. T. Odum Wade Smith Mike Kemp Hank McDellar . Nel Lehman UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, DEPT. OF MARINE SCIENCE Kendall L. Carder Ronald Klausewitz Robert A. Gibson l LAW ENGINEERING nnn E. Henlev ' Rnhert T. l ackev. Va. Polvtechnical Institute & State University FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Kenneth E. Garrison l s Joseph T. Johnson l Quentin B. DuBois . l M4 w &
ATTENDEE LIST 12/10/74 - CRYSTAL RIVER RESEARCH PROGRMI Dan Muller AEC
)
Don Sells AEC Ron Loose AEC Joe Johnson FFC Bill Templeton Battelle N.W. (for AEC) John. Jackson Florida DPC, Orlan'do Jim Hulbert Florida DPC, Orlando Sam Snedaker University of Florida w: Dan Cottrell University of Florida Robin Vantine University of Florida Gary Evink' Un.iversity of Florida t ' ' Mike Oes tierling- ' ' '"Universit'>~6f' Florida- ' ' y Merrily Helgeson St. Pete Times Brian Barnett Florida Game & Fish C. A. Adams University of Florida Frank X. Phillips _ Florida DPC, Tallahassee R.'D. Griffiths 0cala Star-Banner l Frank J. Maturo, Jr. U.F. Marine Lab. l l Ray Alden U.F. Marine Lab. l l 1 Bill Ingram U.F. Marine Lab Robert T. Lackey Virgina Polytechnic Inst. & State University Don E. Henlev Law Ene. Testine Co. Edward M. Morea FPC Engineering Karen Ann Wilson FPC H. T. Odum University of Florida W. M. Kemp University of Florida
.)
l 4
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'ATTENDEk LIST 12/10/74 - CRYSTAL RIVER RESEARCil PROGRMI I-1
, Harold -Wahlquist U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Ga.
Dwight Martin FPC I
; Bruce A. Rodgers USF Marine Science Dept.
Steven L. Palmer USF Marine Science Dept. a
- Lee Tebo EPA - Athens, Ga.
l Charles'Kaplan EPA - Atlanta, Ga. i
' -{
Yates M. Barber, Jr. NMFS - Washington
! Howard Zeller EPA - Atlanta
, ~.
6 Jan C. Prager EPA - Narragansett
-1 i,.
John Wilcox EPA - Atlanta
'l l Ken Garrison FPC 1 ? ,-
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c' RESUME NAME DON E. HENLEY, Ph.D. POSITION Manager of Environmental Sciences Law Engineering Testing Company EDUCATION North Texas State Univ.ersity; B.A., 1965; M.A., 1968; Ph.D., 1970. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1968 - 1970 Federal Water Quality Trainee; teaching assistant and research assistant, North Texas State University; limnological surveys of freshwater environments; laboratory and field investigation in algal physiology, use of biological indicators as a means of
'. .,' -. pollution monitoring; investigations of "'"
' naturally 'occurfilig ta's't'e's and' odors Iof I
microbiological origin in water supplies. 1970 - 1971 Florida Technological University, held joint appointment a* Assistant Professor of Biological Sciances and staff member of Institute of Freshwater Ecology; developed curriculum of freshwater ecology; taught aquatic ecology and limnology at undergraduate level; taught graduate level summer institute of freshwater ecology; co-investigator in , research project to document the biological conditions of a eutrophic chain of lakes in Florida preliminary to drawdown restoration.
~
1971 - 1972 Department Head of Environmental Sciences, Teledyne Brown Engineering. Directed the Ecological Branch and Chemistry and Biology Laboratories Branch. Major projects included investigations to document biological recovery c' an aquatic system following an industrial , wa'ste spill, ecological documentation of a Tidal Zone relative to industrial site expansion and a study of pesticide usage in the South-l eastern United States. 1972 - Present Law Engineering Testing Company, Manager of Environmental Sciences. e w
an.
.~
Don E. Henley ' SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
. Phycological Society of America American Water Works Association International Phycological Society The American Fisheries Society HONORS American Men and Womer of Science, 1972 COMMITTEES ~ Standard Methods Committee, 1972 PUBLICATIONS " Gas Chromatographic Studies on Tastes and Odors in Water", with J.K.G. Silvey, et al.,
JAWWA 61 No. 4, 440, 1968.
"Actinomycetic Tastes and Odors and Water Supplies", First Texas Graduate Student Symposium in Water Supply and Water Pollution Control, Chapter IV. Texas A and M University, March 1968.
" Isolation and Identification of an Odor Compound Produced by a Selected Aquatic Actinomycete", Environ. Sci. Tech., 3 268, 1969. )
" Bottom Fauna' Studies of the Lower Sabine River:, with A. C. Hendricks, et al., Tex.
J. Sci., 21,(2) 172, 1969. .
" Odorous Metabolite and Other Selected Studies of Cyanophyta", Doctoral Dissertation, Depart-ment of Biological Sciences, North Texas State University, Denton, Texas, 1970.
. " Ecological Studies of Orlando Jetport Facility",
with T. L. Chesnut, M. Wanielista, and G. Ventre, ! Environmental Consulting Services' Summary Report to. Aviation Advisory Board, City of Orlando, Florida, June 1971.
" Biological Documentation: Oklawaha River Basin Restoration Project:, Summary Report to Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution l Control, October 1971.
l ( 5 l I l
Don E. Henley . i
" Study of Pesticide Usage in the Southeastern ,
United States and Its Impact on the Aquatic ) Environment", with R. A. Baker, et al., Teledyne < Brown Engineering Summary Report to the Er.viron- ! mental. Protection Agency, December 1971.
" Planktonic Blue-green Algae: " Growth and Odor l Production Studies:, with J.K.G. Silvey, et al . , l JAWWA, 64 35, 1972.
PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS " Arsenic Analysis and Toxicity": A Review, with ! R. A. Baker and M. D. Luh, Science of the total Environ., 1973. TECHNICAL
. R. E P .-
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"An Ecological Study of a Proposed Tidal Zone , Development Site in Eastern Hillsborough Bay",
Florida, Teledyne Brown Engineering, Final report to Cities Service Company, Tampa Agricultural Chemical Operations, February, 1973 (Project , Director). j P I
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April 2,1973 ' ,, f ', .; 1 _ ROBERT T. l.ACKEY Assistant Professor, Fisheries Science Department of fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (703)951-6944 I Fducation DS. Fisheries Science, Califomia State University. Hudoldt,1967 HS Zoology, University of Haine.1968 ' PhD, Fisheries Science (Statistics Minor), Colorado State University,1971 Research interests Fisheries management, bopulation dynamics, aquatic ecology Research and Field Excerience Assistant Professor, Fisheries Science. V.P.T. & S.U. ,1971-present Research Fellow, Colorado state University, 1968-1971 Research Assistant. University of Maine, 1967-1968 Fisheries Assistant, California State University, Humboldt, 1966-1967 Fisheries Aide. Alaska Department of fish and Game, 1965-1956 ; Fisheries Aide. Califamia Department of Fish and Game,1964 j
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i Teachino '_xperience 1 FW 3020 Introduction to Fisheries Science (Fall,1971; Fall. 1972) ' FW S25 Fisheries Theory (Winter.1972; Winter,1973) Professional Affiliation i American Fisheries Society (Certified Fisheries Scientist) - American Society of Limnoloay and Oceanography Fisheries Society of the British Isles The Wildlife Society Il b h.
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,,l Technical Articles t
- 1. Vertical pill nets for studying' depth distribution of small fish. 3 !
1968. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 97(3):296-299. ! i
- 2. Food interrelationships of salmon, trout, alewives, and snelt in l a Maine lake. 1969. Trans. /cer. Fish Soc. 98(4):641-J46. l
- 3. Observations on newly introduced landlocked alewives in F.aine. i 1970. N.Y. Fish and Game Journal. 17(2):110-116.
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- 4. Seasonal depth distributions of landlocked Atlantic salmon, brook I trout. landlocked alewives, and frerican sec1t in a small lake.
{ 1970. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 27(9):1656-1661. j ii S. Use of sugar flotation and dye to sort benthic sarples. 1971. Yrans. Amr. Fish. Soc. 100(4):794-797. (With Bruce E. May) j
- 6. A technique for clininating thermal stratification in lakes. ,
1972. Water Resources Bulletin, J. Amer. Water Resources Assoc. I 8(1):46-49. !
- 7. Evaluation of two rethods of aeration to prevent winterkill. 1972.
Prog... Fish-Culturist." 34(3):175-178e- (With. Donald W.. Holmes). 3 -
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- 8. Response of physical and cher,1 cal parameters to eliminating themal stratification in a reservoir. 1972. Water Resources Bulletin, J.
Arer. Water Pesources Assoc. 8(3):589-599. ,
- 9. Evaluation of diel variation' in androcen levels of rainbow trout, I Saltno pairdneri. 1972. Copeia. 72(4):865-868. (With Carl B. l ScIireck and M. Lloyd Hopwood) !
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- 10. Effects of artificial destratification on zooplankton in Parvin i Lake, Colorado. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 102(2):450-452. -
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- 11. Artificial reservoir destratification effects on phytoplankton. l 1973. J. Water Pollution Contml Federation. 45:(In Press).
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- 12. Plasma oestrogen levels in rainbow trout Salno gairdneri Richardson. l!
1973. J. Fish Biology. 5(1):(InPress). (With' Car 1 ff.' Schreck and
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M. Lloyd Hopwood) l 13. Computer assisted instruction in natural resource manaaement. 1973. ' Proc. Southeastem Assoc. Game and Fish Connissioners. 26:(In Press). i, (With franklin B. Titlow) 1
- 14. Bottom fauna chanaes durina artificial reservoir destratification. !
1973. Water Research (J. Intemational Association of Water ! l Pollution Research) 7:(InPress). / i
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- 15. Potential of channel catfish production in Virginia. 1973. f Virginia J. Scicace. 24:(In Press). (With Vaughn M. Douglass) ,
- 16. Cage culture of channel catfish in Virgini~a. 1973. J. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Soc. (Submitted). (With Donald ti. Holres ,
y and tienry 5. Mosby) [
- 17. Innovative teaching in fisheries science. %'
1973. Trans. Aner. Fish. Soc.102(3):(InPress), i
- 18. Pond culture of channel catfish in Viroinia. 1973. J. Tenn Acad. l Science. (Submitted). (With Donald W. Holres and Vaughn M. Douglass)
- 19. Catfish farrnino in Viroinia. 1973. Vir (Submitted). (With Vaughn M. Douglass) gini- Agricultural Economics. ,
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- 20. Effect of rate of water dischage on phytoplankton in Claytor Lake.
Virginia. 1973. Proc. Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Corsnissioners. (Submitted). (With Thomas L. Schulte). Beck
- 1. Introduction to fisheries science. 1972. Text for FW 3020. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, VPI & SU. Mimeo. 176 pp. l g
Presented Pa_Ders ;
- 1. Shaping the aquatic environment t'o man's needs. Sixth Annual Short Course in Game and Fish Manageant, Colorado State University. Fort Collins. Colorado, Feb. 9-13, 1970.
- 2. Lake destratification as a fisheries management tool. Fifteenth Annual Suurer Conference. The Wildlife Society, Central Mountain I and Plains Section. Pingree Part, Colorado. August 16-19,1970.
- 3. The new fisheries management. Seventh Annual Western Students Wildlife Conclave. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Colorado.
April 1-3.1971
. 4. Effects of artificial destratification on a lake ecosystem. Sixth Annual Meeting. Colorado-Wyoming Chapter. American Fisheries Society, i Laramfe. Wyoming. April 22-23, 1971. !
- 6. Phytoplankton dynamics during artificial destratification of a montane lake. Forty-Second Annual Meetino, Colorado Academy of Science, Southern Colorado State College, Pueblo. Colorado, April 30-May 1,1971.
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- 6. Effects of artificial destratification on a lake ecosystem. nne di Hundmd and First Annual Meeting. Arerican fisheries Society, Salt !
Lake City. Utah. September 16-18, 1971. I
- 7. Faming channel catfish in Virginia. Virginia Academy of Science, I Lexin 4-5, 1972. Abstract in Virginia Journal of Science.
23(3)gton,May(With
- 110. Vaughn M. Douglass) j
- 8. The use of comuters to teach fisheries science. Virginia Academy .
of Science. Lexington, May 4-5. 1972. Abstract in Virginia Journal j of Science. 23(3):118. (With franklin B. Titlow)
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- 9. Winter mortality of the landlncked alewife. Alosa pseudohamngus. [
in Claytor Lake. Virginia. Viminia Academy Li Science, Lexington, 1 May 4-5, 1972. Abstract in Vir91nta Journal of Science. 23(3):109. l; (With John L. Boaze) !
- 10. Effect of fluctuating reservoir discharge on phytoplankton population in Claytor Lake, Virginia. Virginia Academy of Science, Lexington, ,,
May 4-5, 1972. Abstract in Virginia Journal of Science. 23(3):117. ' (With Thomas L. Schulte) N. ' , 11. Corputer assisted instruction .in. natural resource managernent. . Twenty.
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5 Sixth"Anndal%eting, Southern Divisibn'. '7eerican'fisheffe' " sSociety',~ l Knoxville, Tennessee. October 23-25, 1972. (With Franklin B. Titlow) *
- 12. Innovative teaching in fisheries science. One Hundred and Second 1
( Annual Meeting, Amrican Fisheries Society, Hot Springs, Arkansas, : Septerrber 10-13, 1972. .
- 13. Restocking after fishkills as a fisheries managefent strategy. Tri-State Fisheries Conference, Burr Oak State Park, Glouster. Ohio, :
February 14-16,1973. (With William T. Bryson) _.
- 14. Use of catchability rates in brook, brown, and rainbow trout stocking I programs. Tri-State Fisheries Conference, Burr Oak State Park, Glouster, Ohio, February 14-16, 1973. (W1th Dennis E. Hannond) i a,
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y~ - Rob:rt T. Lackey y*s Popular Articles _
- 1. The landlocked alewife: landlocked salmon fond of the future?
1969. Itaine fish and Game. 11(1):29.
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- 2. Shooting for better water. 1969. Colorado Outdoors. 18(6):40-42.
[ Reprinted: American Fishes and 11.5. Trout News. 1970. 15(1):12-14] l
- 3. The new fishery managenent. 1971. Colcrddo Distdoors. 20(3):2-S. ,
- 4. New life for dying lakes. 1971. Colorado Outdoors. 20(6):36-41.
- 5. Teaching fisheries management: new role for computers. 1972.
Virginia Wildlife. 33(7):14-15. (With Franklin B. Titlow)
- 6. Life beneath the surface. 1973. Colorado Outdoors. 22(1):36-38. !
(With James P. 7ubny) l
- 7. Therval pollution. 1973. Wonderful West Virginia. '
35(12):10-13. (With William T. Bryson)
- 8. E.D.P. and fishery management. 1973. Virginia Wildlife. 34(2):16-18. !
(With James R. Zuboy, Norville S. Prosser, and Rayrnond V. Coming)
- 9. You can judoe a fish by its cover. 1973. Virginia Wildlife.
- 34:(In Press). (With William T. Bryson)
- 10. Channel catfish culture studies in Virginia. 1973. The Catfish farmer. S:(In Press). (With Vaughn H. Douglass) i; I -
- 11. The fish hatchery. 1973. Wonderful West Virginia. 37(2):24-25.
(With Dennis E. Hamond)
- 12. Fam pond management. 1973. V.P.I. A 5.t!. Extension Bulletin.
(Submitted). (With Vaughn 11. Douglass)
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LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY GColeChnical and Materials Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD. S E. / MARlETTA. GEORGIA 3o062 / (404) 971-9005 July 31, 1973 - Florida Power Corporation - Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 320134th. Street, South St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 . Attention: tiessrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson
Reference:
Recc=uendations for statistical control and overview of Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Envircr. rental Research Program to Meet Current Federal Recuirements,
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Gentlemen: In the assigned responsiblity of providing statistical control and overview functions for the above referenced program, Drs. Don E. Henley and Robert Lackey of Law Engineering Testing Cecpcny met with individual principal investigators responsible for detailed program design, imple-mentation and perfonnance. Our preliminary recommendations by phase of programs are based upon our review and interpretation of each proposal as submitted to Florida. Power Corporation and opon oral exchanges which occurred during the course of meeting with each principal investigator. The format used here is to list the phase of program by 'name as a major l topic. This is followed by our interpretation of the various objectives and sub-objectives to be acccmplished and by our recomendation for statistical analysis. Finally, specific constructive cocnonts are offered relative to implementation of statistical design and the importance to be derived i
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I. Statistical c'ntrol . 4 4
.:2-1 A. 20TLANKTON PHASE ,
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- 1. General Objective: To estimate the effect of the power plant on zooplankton in the immediate area..
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- a. Statistical Analysis: Use of multiple regression analysis or covariance analysis is the su,ggested statistical method for use to determine the environmental factors that may effect
.a change in species abundance, biomass and species diversity ovc',' the period of study at a particular station. It may be . necessary to adjust the data to continuous function or trans-form the data.
- b. Comments: The results of the statistical'analysi, will be difficult to relate to the general objective. This may be expected to occur as a result of plankton " patchiness" of the study area. Therefore, sample' size (N) should be resolved by preliminary sampling and as soon as possible.
- c. General Comment: The initial part of the study should be a planning phase to estimate sample size, select exact hypotheses and determine data characteristics.
, B. ENTRAPMENT PHASE
, 1. General Objective: To determine if the fish populations within the ganal are essentially independent or to determine if they are sup-pli.ed by movement of individuals from without. Individuals could possibly come from migratory fish, general inshore movement, randon movement of nearby individuals and combinations thereof. Although the statistical analysis described below are quite reasonable, there does not appear to be a statistically testable hypothesis to answer the above objegtive a.s the specific proposal was written. The key
( problem is with identifying the net flow of fish without a control.
- a. Sub-objective 1: To determine if a directional movement of bottom
fishes occurs. Suggested Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance and/ or multiple linear regression can be applied to the Wyoming 1 4 trap data. Comments: It will be difficult to extract the influence of general fish movements as contributing to canal movements due to lack of control data.
. b. Sub-objective 2: Do the fish populations vary over the length e
of the canal? Suggested Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance.and/ or multiple linear regression could be used to handle coffin trap data. Nonparametric tests (sign and run tests) may have
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,,, ,,, , g Comments: It will be diff,1 cult to interpret significant results due to lack of control data.
- c. Sub-objective 3: To determine if there is a dirc.cional move-ment of mid and top-water fish species within the canal.
Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance and multiple range testing of gill net data. Coments: Interpretation will be difficult because of the lack of control data. A randomization procedure should be ! considered for.ne't placement.
- d. Sub-objective 4: To determine if the composition of the im-pinged fish population is the same as the canal fish population.
1 Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxin's signed rank test with the percentage of a given size of a species (or total number of a species) to be used as raw data. Rank differences in the , percentages from intake screen data to those of the trap fish data from the canal area. Biomass ranking ~may also be
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used if desired. 1 J
Comen ts: Interpretation of results can be easily supple: mented by results from'other statistical tests to clarify the source of differences, if any. C. IMPINGEMENT PHASE
- 1. Objective 1: To detemine if the two screens act in the same manner in order to effect impingement of organisms.
Statistical Analysis: Paired t tests are suggested. Data sets may not have homogeneous variances so transfomation or t test analysis may be necessary. Comments: If there is no significant difference, the screen to be studied should be randomly selected.
- 2. Objective 2: To determine the factors which influence impingement.
Statistical Analysis: Use stepwise multiple linear regression. Some of the independent variables (eg, season, time) will have to be put on a continuous distribution for analysis. D. BENTHIC PHASE - 1.. General objective: To detemine the impact of the themal discharge on the receiving estuary. -
- a. Sub-objective 1: To detemine the themal discharge effect on benthic macrophytes and attached algae.
Statistical Analysis: The comparison of data from the immed-iate discharge areas with data from more distant areas can be accomplished with t tests (or lt tests if variances are uneven). Transformation may be in order, depending upon data chara'cteristics. , Coments: Although the statistical analysis can be conducted , interpretation of significant results will be difficult because of the specified lack of equivalent environments. l
- b. Sub-objective 2: To determine the thermal discharge effect on micro-invertebrates.
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Statitical Analysis: Comparisons of data between discharge and control areas can be made with t tests. Comments: Lack of comparable sample areas will make statis-tical interpretation difficult. ,
- c. Sub-objective 3: To determine the thermal discharge effects on macro-invertebrates and specific vertebrates with the venturi pump.
Statistical Analysis: The key statistical problem is selecting stations which will give comparable results except for the influence of the plume. Once this has been accom-s -
<<.. p. fisha, 't' UbEsn 'be' dtiliked '(6r't!I felt's' ifYa'rian'cei^~
are uneven),
- d. Sub-objective 4: To determine the thermal discharge effects on macro-invertebrates and specific vertebrates with the drop net.
Statistical Analysis: Utilize t tests or tl tests to determine differences between discharge and control areas. Comments: Significant differences may be difficult to inter-pret because the two study areas were expressed to differ in many respects. E. MODELLING - SALT MARSH AtID ItittER BAY PHASES
- 1. General Objective: To determine whether biomass and/or age struc-ture differences exist between the thermally impacted area and non-impacted areas. .
' 8 Statistical Analysis: One way analysis of variance with data for standing crop being (1) biomass of Spartina and juncus (2)andaveragesize. Same statistical design could be used J for decomposition, oxygen production, or similar parameters.
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If significant differences exist, use a multiple range test to identify specific differences.
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Coments: (1) Pre-sampling should be used to estimate sample size to achieve the desired con-fidence interval. (2) It is of paramount importance to select st;ations of essentially identical types, 4 except for influence of thermal discharge. II. Overview Evaluations During the course of reviewing individual contracts for the separate phases of the Crystal River program and during personal meetings with the individual principal investigators several problem areas were identified. These areas by-program title and specific problem description are as follows:
- 1. Zooplankton Phase: There had been no pre-sampling phase to establish a minimum sample size. This is necessary for establishing confi-dence level for statistical evaluation. Recomendations for sta-tistical evaluations have been made in Section I of this report.
- 2. Entrapment phe,s_e: No control studies had been established. With-out this, there will be no way to determine whether or rat the intake canal serves as a diversion or sink for various species of fish. It is recommended that the control area be established in
- such a fashion as to simulate a canal parallel to the actual intake canal with equal duplication of efforts in both area. Recomen-dations for statistical evaluations have been made in Section I of this report. ,
- 3. Benthic phase:Again, control area is not defined. This will make statistical evaluation of effects on thermally impacted area diffi- ,
l_ (. cult. Distribution and abundance mapping of benthos via computer i j methodology utilizes 164 actual data points. The remainder are
interpolated by computer averaging . It has been recomended that several of the actual points be omitted during the computer run. These actual points should then be compared to computer obtained ) values after the run is completed to determine the relative accuracy of this technique. No efforts were planned for correl-ation of percent abundance by species (or biomass) within the canal to that being impinged on screens. This recomendation has been made in Section I of this report. o
- 4. Impingement Phase: Statistical treatment recomendations were made and are as shown in Section I of this report.
- 5. Modelling - Salt liarsh and Inner Bay Phases: This phase will in-corporate into model form much information to be obtained during l performance of work in other specific programs. It was found
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that information was being obtained which should be incorporated into the modelling efforts but no plans for such had been spec-ified. This was due to 1,ack of comunication between project principals. Recommendations for maximum comunications are dis-cussed in Section III of this report. Corx1 unity metabolism studies within the' marsh and inner bay areas had been thought out well. Provisions for statistical evaluations to determine differences between control and impacted areas had been made. Provisions for expressing diversity indices' were discussed. It was recomended that in addition to numbers of ' species per one-thousand individuals as an inder; of diversity, the Shannon-Weiner Function also be utilized in modelling efforts. t III. Overview Recommendations It is recomended that monthly progress reports be made by each principal l l investigator during the yourse of the Crystal River environmental studies pro-gram. These reports should be presented orally from sumarized data in written ~ l
I form. This summarized data should be made available to each principal in-yestigator. In addition, each principal investigator should project next month's activi~ ties. It-is felt that this procedure will accomplish three primary objectives:
- 1. Make possible for early and maximum dissemination of data. Tnis is an important aspect of the program sincs several principal inves-tigators are developing information necessary for integration of the separate phases into a unified whole (modelling efforts).
- 2. Trouble areas can be identified quickly and remedial efforts taken early to solve them.
- 3. Make possible for .aximum utility of the statistical control and overview functions provided for in the program.
- If there are any questions relative to this report , please contact Dr.
Don E. Henley. , Very truly yours, LAW ENGIflEERING TESTING COMPANY hJ 5. k s Don E. Henley, Ph. Manager, Environmental Science Services
- l Jack T. Parker, P.E.
Branch Manager
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- Geotechnical and Matenals Engineers 2749 CELK ROAD. S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404' 971-9005 August 1, 1973
. Florida Power Corporation Environcental Affa:rs P. O. Box 14042 3201 34th. Street, South St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Mr. Ken Garrison
Reference:
Proposal to provide statistical control and o'ferview function to Florida Power Corporation Crystal River
' ' ' . ' ' , ' . ., . . Environmental. Ragearch Program..to. meet.. Current . fed,eral, ,
Re'quirements, June 11, 1973. ' LETCO Proposal number S15-SA ,
Dear Ken:
In response to your request, the Environmental Science Services Group of Law Engineering Testing Company is pleased to submit a pro-posal on tne work referenced above. We suggest a monthly progress meeting be held at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. This meeting .111 be for the purpose of each principal investigator presenting orally his findings from the previous month and to project next month's activities. . A written summary of' data should also be supplied by each principal investigator for pur-poses of statistical and overview evaluation. As in the past, we will coordinate closely with your staff during the project performance. I. Scope of Activities . The following scope of activities will be performed: A. lieview program data conthly and advise Florida Power Corporation of progress in the areas of:
- 1. Statistical control.
- 2. Program objectives and direction (overview)
B. A monthly status report relative to part A will be supplied to Florida Power Corporation.
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l l'.5 LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geotechnical anct Matenals Engineers 2740 oELK ROAD S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404) 971-0005 October 8, 1973 Florida Power Corp. ration Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Messrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson Re: Monthly meeting with principal investigators on Crystal River Environmental Research Program, October 4, 1973 - Overview Function Report No. 1 Gentlemen: , As discussed during the first monthly meeting of the project rdfer-enced above and in accordance with the assigned responsibility of over-view function to Law Engineering Testing Company, the following comments are directed toward potential problem areas. Program Potential Problem
- 1. Water quality Total nitrogen values may be difficult to determine due to unusually large sample
, volumes of water required.
- 2. Hydrology Calculation of circulation coefficients within the 30 mile by 30 mile plant area for purposes of developing a general model for. incorporation into Odum's phase of the program.
- 3. Zooplankton Difficulty in correlation of data obtained to date by net and venturri pump, respec-tively. It was suggested that the pump intake (3" dia.) may be too small. Other Suggestions for correlation of data were:
- 1. Use of a Clarke-Bumpus sampler for sampling at depth.
- 2. Rigging the net to the boat for sam-L pling at depth. )
l~ 4. Entrapment Lack of control . program for the canal area ; that would demonstrate v.hether or not the intake canal serves as a migratory sink A-. . m n-m ~
. for migrating species. Discussions re-lative to the difficulty of this ensued and were generally:
- 1. Lack of any habitat homogeneity between !
the intake canal and areds south of the intake canal per Dr. Sam Snedaker.
- 2. Lack of trawl data differences between the above two areas per Dr. Sam Snedaker.
Henley and Odum discussed briefly the poss-ibility of placing a net across the intake canal cut during incoming and outgoing tides to determine migratory species and relative abundances entering and leaving the canal. It is recommended that this type control pro-gram be given further consideration for imple-mentation at Crystal River.
- 5. Phytoplankton Primar productivity data obtained by the carbon {4method is likely to be high compared with those that Odum's group is obtaining by
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. .. .s,e .the dissolved..o.xygens method. .This.poss . .
_. n,.,.,.,. ibility will arise if photo-oxidation occurs and, therefore, may not correlate well with Odum's net primary production results. In addition, another problem will involve time of incubation. A sufficient number of replicate determination must be run over differing time intervals to allow establish-ment of a plateau for C l4 fixation. Dr. Odum discussed these points with Mr. Bob Gibson.
- 6. Plankton ATP Variable time of chlorination within the plant was cited as a problem and could lead to variable results in this program.
- 7. Ecosystem Modelling 1. Lack of information on eddy currents within the area of plant influence. This data is required for predictive modelling efforts.
- 2. Creel census information on comercial and sport fisheries within and near the plant-im-pacted area is needed for comparison to similar information available on other areas of.the Florida Gulf Coast. This information is needed for input into predictive model efforts. In addition, could be very informative to the various federal agencies concerned, t 3. It is suggested that efforts be made to ob- i tain creel information as discussed in No. 2 i above, as soon as possible. Shouldadeouatecree.)
census data be unavailable, then sonar studies for plant-impacted area vs. non-impacted areas ! l O
should be given consideration. Sonar studies data could serve as useful canal control support data. If there are any points that are unclear or if we can be of assistance in any way relative to this comunication, please don't hesitate to call upon us. Very truly yours, LAW EtlGillEERItiG TESTItiG COMPAtlY b ef. 8 6-Don E. Henley,4 D. Manager Environmental Science Services M h Jack T. Parker, P.E. Manager DEH/JTP/jbs , l LAW ENGINEER 0866 TESTisso CORAPANY
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LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geo'echnical and f.fatenals Enginects 2749 DELK ROAD S E / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404) 971-9005 November 15, 1973 Florida Power Corporation Environmental. Affairs Post Office Box 14042 3201 34th. Street, Scuth St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attn: Hessrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson Re: Interagency Meeting Report to F.P.C. : Provision of Overview and Statistical Control to Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Research Program to Meet Current Federal Requirements, June,1973. LETC0 Job Number SA-724 -
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Gentlemen: In the contracted responsibility of providing third party overview and ! statistical control function as referenced above, representatives of Law Engineering (Drs. Don E. Henley and, Robert T. Lackey) attended the inter-agency meeting in Gainesville, Florida on October 25, 1973. This evaluation is based upon oral presentation of individual principal investigators by phase of program, comments by interagency comittee members and written sumaries as provided by Florida Power Corporation on the day of the meeting. The format used 'herein is to list the phase of the program as presented at the meeting and to coment on the apparent status relative to accomplishing l the intended objectives, to indicate potential problems, to make recommen-l dations if pertinent and to comment on statistical treatment which individual
- investigators are applying to data on their respective phase of the program.
I. Impingement - This program appears to be going well. The data indicate that there are differences in numbers and species of fish being impinged on the west and east screens as indicated respectively below:
- 1. Eighty-eight percent of the fish impinged are on the west screen and are predominantly finfish and squid- (motile forms).
- 2. 'There is a 50-50 relationship between numbers of: immotile forms being l impinged on east and west screens.
l Dye studies in front of the intake screens were reported to indicate that the impingement differences, as indicated in number 1 above, may be the result of fish response to velocity gradients, i.e., they may congregate in the slack , water or a localized entrapment zone nearest tne west screen from which they , ) cannot escape and eventually become impinged on the screen. e L
There are other possibilities: For example, tra: h basket disposal in the area toward the front and side of the west screens may contribute, in part, to this result
- This is to infer that many of the fish showing up on the screens may have already been impinged one or more times before collection from the screen. In addition, weak and dead fish and other biota disposal into this area may serve as attractant or bait for predatory and scavenger species in the canal and subsequently become impinged on the west screens. In addition, the predatory species may chase prey species into the screens. Some evidence for the former was indicated by the preliminary blue crab trapping data. Most of the blue crabs trapped thus far in the canal have been obtained from areas in front of the screens.
. At this time, it is impossible to determine which factor above is respon-sible for differeners in observed numbers of fish being impinged on the east and west screens; perhaps all are to an extent. This should be determined by realizing the various possibilities and incorporating additional scope into the program at this point. Consideration should be given to:
Recommendations:
- 1. Cross sectional velocity profiling in frcnt of the screens - As will be recalled, this was suggested by E.P.A. and A.E.C. for the entire intake canal during presentation of the hydrology program. Incluced (see Appendix 1) is a figure example of the type velocity profiling which should be considered. ,
- 2. Trash disposal could be diverted from or collected orior to' discharge into the canal near tne area of tne west screen. Scavenger ano predator.
populations should diminish if attracted by disposed fish and other biota.
- 3. It is emphasized that impingement has been related to such factors as screen approach velocities, presence and activities of predators and scavenger species in areas near the intake screens, time of day, seison, etc. Therefore, close coordination between groups developing biological data and physical (hydrological) data are suggested.
Mr. Charles H. Kaplan of E.P.A. suggested that the impingement program schedule should be changed from a diurnal collection run every 7 days to one every 4 days. He also suggested that during non-sampling periods the screens be monitored by plant personnel, and that upon termination of the 1 year sam-pling program that spot (periodic) assessment of impingement be carried out through 1974. II. Canal studies - These studies have' not been initiated in detail since equipment has not yet been obtained. Ill. Crab studies This is a good addition to the overall program at Crystal River. Data is preliminary at this point in time. However, certain potential problems may ( be anticipated. These are:
- 1. Tag loss within the blue crab population needs to be quantified, if possible. One such possibility for this would be to simultaneously wo
3 mark any tagged specimer. with'a more permanent mark (such as injection of dye or ink under an area of the chitinous exoskeleton in the ab-dominal region). Recapture of ink-marked specimen numbers without the tag c,ould then be related to original number of tag-marked specimen, s
- 2. Emigration - Immigration of blue crabs may become a problem in + erns of estimating the total population.
- 3. Jolly estimator (as proposed) will be difficult to employ per Robert T. Lackey. Review of this analytical method has been submitted to Dr. Snedaker by R. T. Lackey.
IV. Tidal Creek Fisheries study . This program should be a good addition to the overall program also. The information being developed in the control and thermally affected creeks may offer support information to other peripheral studies such as canal movement studies, spawning studies and migratory species behavior. Concern was expressed over not obtaining data on young-of-the-year specimen. V. Benthic studies These studie', and mapping of abundances appear to be going rather smoothiy. _,..( , z VI. ...
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The project pertinent, however:design and data development look good. Some questions are
- 1. How much variation is there in respiration data?
2. How much error is associated with transfer functions in the model and how se'nsitive is the model to errors of the various transfer functions? This question applies to all other modelling.
- 3. There should be clear identification of modelling data and statistical data.
VIII. ' Oyster Bar Mocelling This work appears to be going well. ,
, IX. Outer Bay Modelling
- Study appears to be going well. Statistics are good.
l X. Inner Bay Modelling , g Study looks good. i XI. Canals as Interfaces l l This work has only recently gotten underway and data is very preliminary. XII. Dispersion Modelling and Nature of Flow in the Area of the Intake Channel ) This study presentation was poorly organized. The data obtained to date
appears to be fine but not sufficient to answer hydrological and certain related ecological (impingement, canal population, zooplankton, and pnytoplankton; questions of interest to the interagency ccamittee. The deficiency was the
- lack of combined water velocity, salinity and temoerature graaient profiling in the intake canal (see 11. A. p. 53, and 11. E. 2. and 3. p. 55), Florida Power Corporation Prcaram to Meet C~urrent Fede.al Recuirenents, June 11, 1973.
The same applies to tne discnarge thermal plume area (see 111. D. 2. p. 56). Concern was expressed by interagency committee members over lack of develop-ment of this data. The interagency committee stated that horizontal and vertical profiling of stations within the intake canal should be initiated as soon as possible. The stations should be 4 in number. These stations should be located as follows:
- 1. In front of intake screens with at least 3 horizontal points.
- 2. At the bend (constriction) of the canal.
- 3. Midway in distance toward west end of the canal (oceanward).
- 4. West end of the canal, ,
Profiling is to be accomplished over a complete tidal cycle per the inter-agency committee. XIII. Phytoplankton Data development from this program is very preliminary. However, no statement has been made at this time as to what statistical comparisons are to be made. XIV. Zooplankton
- This study is just getting underway well. There is no apparent problem in data workup and statistical treatment. There were questions by Mr. Michael Morford of Department of the Interior. Mr. Morford's concern is that the sampling. methodology m ' ay be inadequate to sample the "true population" within the bay. In other words, he is concerned that the 0.5 M and 1.0 M nets and the pump may sample too selectively. He stressed net evasion characteristic of certain. zooplankton and larval fish species. He suggested evaluation of purse seine as an alternate method of sampling. He also suggested literature relative to this. This suggested literature has been communicated to Mr. Joe Johnson of F.P.C. staff by Law Engineering staff for evaluation. Other questions con-cerned means of determining biomass of larval and juvenile fish mechanically '
destroyed upon passage through condenser tubes and methods of sampling those - populations of "small fish" which locate themselves very close to the canal wall. No concrete methods were offered by the interagency committee. If there are any questions. relative to this report, please feel free to contact me. : Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY k aAN / Ny Robert T. Lackey, Ph.D. Bio tatisti a Consultant [ Don E. H ley, .D. Manager. Environmental Science Services
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- 6t% *1/ s(c5 December 3, 1973 Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 3201 34th. Street, South St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Mr. Joe Johnson Re: Summary of Mdeting on Statistical Treatment of Data from benthic, impingement, canal and zooplankton programs at the Crystal River Site.
LETCO Job Number SA-724
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Please find enclosed, comments made by Dr. Lackey relative to the above referenced programs. The only area of study which could not be evai-uated as you requested, was that of determining whether the intake canal serves as a sink for migratory and other papulations of fish. This is due to the fact that attempts to obtain data with the present program design have been unsuccessful. If you have any questions, please feel f.ree to contact Law Engineering. Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING' TESTING COMPANY
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' Don E. Henley, PhjD.
Manager Environmental Science Services DEH:jbs - Enclosure i ) e I 9
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RESUME OF 1 CollT1?iUED UORK ON COOLING WATER SOURCE
.PERFORfED DURING THE SUMMER OF 1973 In further support of[the . work done for Technical Report #213-extensive dye releases and STD (salinity, temperature, and li '
- depth) studies.were ' performed in. the. area of the intake Channel.
For reference of, areas of' origin of entrained waters, sco Figure 1 of Technical Report #2. 1i On June 6th, an ebb t'ide- profile STD of the Intake Channel was f
' performed from markers 25-26 (boat cut through north intake) to screens. ~ Figures 29 and ' 30" in' the April - September,1973, Environmental Report for Crystal River, show the results of l
that survey. Higher temperature, lower salinity (comparatively, l also lower density), water (characteristic of the- transition-waters (area 2)2 is on top Low t,emperature, high salinity
' water characteristic of the orrshore " waters (areau 3) is: below.
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l This pattern is consistent 'with' ' observations published in Technical l
' \
Report #2 and' substantiates the conclusion that no substantial amounts (.105)' of~ the entrained water originates in the near-- shore (area 1,).' . 1 "Picliminary ' Data on the Nature of Flow 1n the Area or fthe ., Intake Gnannel of the. Crystal' River Power Plant", Carder, Klausewitz, Rodgers ' 2
) See also Figure 9 and 10, Ebb Tide STD's Surveys performed In the Crystal Day, June 10, 1973 1 '
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/~l Dye and drogue . releases on July 27 (cbb tide) and July 29 (flood tido) presented in the April - September,1973, Environmental Report, (Figures 43 and 45) also substantiate that to the depth .
of the dyc and drogue penetration (5-6 ft.) surrace waters are not entrained by the channel in substantial quantities. Dye i and drogues placed mid-channel on flood tide moved out of the channel and progressed toward shore. On ebb tide, dye placed alon6 the tip and Juut south of the south intake spoil moved into the channel and were drawn out toward the Gulf and did not turn into the plant. Dye placed just inside the mouth of the channel stalled and spun. This again supports Technical Report #2 and indicates that water taken into the plant is not drat , from water leaving Area 1 (near chore) or Arca 2 (tranultion), but is drawn directly from the water confined to the f.ntake
- canal between the plant and the terminus of the southern 30011. i Also, that the majority of the irdake water, (80 - 90'J ) Ic water drawn from five feet and below. ,
. Channel profiles on cbb and flood tide, August 26, 1973, supported previous work in Technical Report f2 and June 6th above.
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v ; (< . , i Susesty of Mcet,i_ng-yove b_er_ 19, 1973 fL ,
$ Creek F .es Study (Sncdaker) h Statir.tical analysis is proposed for data on biomass by species, f '
( abundance by species, and diversity. Nonparacetric ranking procedures j are contemplated for dsts analysis sud this appears to be a fessible
; approsch. Results of this study will be particularly useful in -
i f interpreting statistical analyses in other studies. ~ I* . f Blue Crab Study (Snedaker) .
?: . '[ 1here are a ausber of different approaches to the statistica.I.
ig tteatment of the data. The simplest would involve comparing . r' indices between sc1ceted areas. This vould also be the least desirable because of the, difficulty of reducing variance. Population estinators,
. auch as single and multiple census and multiple recapture, would r more fully utiliae f.he kind of dats being genersted. These three L estimators are not mutually exclusive in terms of data demands. Data
~
{ could be treated by esch of the above approaches befors selecting the r final method. T Fishes in Thermal Plume Study _ (Snedaker) l f' The' statistical problem revolves around whether schooling fishes should be allocated over blocks or the whole sempling area. : A csse can be made for both viewpoints. Data could easily bel treated
, both ways to det, ermine if one approach changes the interpretation substantially. If there is a difference. then one method could be arbitrarily selected or both seta et numbers could be presented in the results.
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Impingement study (snedaker) About 65% of the variation in the lepingement record can be accounted for by week, season, barge size. and a barge-low tide interaction. The key data missing are those reisting to hydrographic variables. , Plankton Study (Haturo) The basic statistical analysis is as previously described except
. that so::e analyses have been made and the method for handling discrctc data has bcen finalized. Use of dummy variables has been well developed.
i Interpretation of results seens to be the only potential problem at
. this point and this cannot be ascertained this early in the program. -
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LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geotochnical and ?.fatonals Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD. S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 '(40@ 971-9005 December 19, 1973 Florida Power Corporation -- Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Messrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson Re: Interagency meeting held at AEC, Bethesda, Maryland on December 11, 1973 relative to Florida Power Corporation, Crystal River Environmental Research Program - Statistical Control. LETCO Job Number SA-724 Gentlemen: This report is in reference to the above referenced meeting and in compliance with the contracted responsibility to provide outside overview and statistical control to the Crystal River Environmental Research Program. The format employed herein, corresponds to the order of program cover-age at the meeting referenced above and in agreement with the technical coverage in reports submitted by Law Engineering Testing Company on July 31, November 15 and December 3,1973 to Florida Power Corporation. A. Benthic The general objectives and sub-objectives of this program were stated and Law Engineering's recommendations for statistical analyses presented. Due to the initially expressed differences and ecosystem dynamics in the control areas and thermally impacted areas and evaluation of the first quarter of data by the principal investigator on this program, Law Engineering is of the opinion, that it will be difficult to place any degree of confidence in the statis-tical results even if statistically significant differences were , found between data of these two areas. This was expressed to tha ' Connittee. 1 l The committee realized that the final results from these studies may not be of great quantitative value but stated that 1 they should be continued. The reasons are as follows:
- 1. Results of data analyses from other programs underway at
-Crystal River may offer supplemental interpretative v ass'istance to the benthic program and that perhaps the consnittee could make further reconvrrendation on this program at a later time. .
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Messrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson December 19, 1973 Page 2
- 2. The benthic inforhation is necessary for the committee's T evaluation even if their conclusions are based on judgement.
Law Engineering is of the opinion that reason number two (2) above is adequate reason for re-evaluation of the present project scope. He have suggested in the past, that Florida Power Corporation evaluate the use of artificial substrates as a possible alternative or supplement to this pro-gram (personal cormunication from Don E. Henley to Joe Johnson of Florida Power Corporation on August 8, 1973). This possibility was not, however, discussed at this interagency meeting. B. Zooplankton Program The general objectives were stated together with our recommen-dations for statistical analysis. The committee was informed that this program appears to be going well i.e. , that minimum sample l size had been established, the statistical design had been formulated and that some analyses had already been made using the design. Zooplankton sampling, however, may continue to be questioned. The. questions are likely to revolve around sampling depths, especially. if'statioh ' data (station'in front 'of intake sc~reens)' diffets sitf "' "" nificantly from other sampling stations where surface depths only are considered. These stations theoretically are representative of off-shore waters which enter the canal and eventually pass through the plant. We would like to emphasize again, the need for close coordination of all intake-canal related programs. C. Entrapment Program Implementation of the fish entrapment program has been unsuccess-ful to date. This is primarily a result of conflicts between the sampling methodology and unpredictability of barge traffic in the canal which has resulted in concomitant loss of sampling gear. Therefore, no statistical comments were needed. Law Engineering suggested that the blue crab population studies underway at present within the intake canal may offer a great deal of potential in so far as a future sampling solution to this problem. That is, the blue crab results may indicate areas of the canal that populations can move into and out of at will and other areas which offer no escape. At that time, sampling methodology such as selective gill netting, trapping, trawling, etc., could be employed within these zones and species abundance data correlated with impingement and, as suggested by Mr. Don Sells of AEC, possibly correlated with north-south migration data.
- D. Blue-Crab Program I 1
l This program is going well and as stated in the report dated ! December 3, 1973, statistical analysis should not present a problem, l providing that a significant population is tagged and recaptured. ) l l I
Messrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson December 19, 1973
> Page 3 E. Tidal Creek Fisheries Pro' gram Statistical analyses on data obtained from this study is as reported on December 3, 1973. No problem is anticipated at this point.
F. Impingement This program has gone well but only 55% of the variance has been accounted for by week, season, bcrge size and barge movement-low tide interaction. It is possible chat the remaining variance may be due to factors associated with canal hydrology. This infor-mation was the same as reported to Florida Power Corporation on December 3, 1973. The interagency committee r'equested that the impingement program be continued through the spring,1974 peri.od. This was. requested in order to establish whether the impinged population pattern, as observed the previous year, repeated itself within the same seasonal period. G. Modelling(marsh, production,etc.) Statistical design for data being obtained in these studies are straight forward. The com:nittee stated that modelled information was of limited use to them, at least presently, in overall project evaluation. It was stated that this could change in the future. H. Cooling Tower Alternatives
- Mr. Sells emphasized that studies to evaluate cooling tower alternatives should be initiated.
I. Second Progress Report - Interagency Meeting Tentatively this meeting was established for February 11 and 12 at 9:00 A.M. in Gainesville, at the University of Florida Student
. Union Building. However, the date was later changed to February 6 and 7.
In regard to this.above progress report and interagency meeting, Law Engineerin'g again recommends that a discreet format be followed. The format that we have verbally suggested is detailed below: I. Introduction Florida Power Corporation II. Project Phase Presentation by each principal investigator as exemplified below: w A. Zooplankton Project - Frank Maturo
Messrs. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson . December 19, 1973 Page 4 T
- 1. Objectives - stated in a statistically testable format or clearly identified as something else, i.e. baseline data collecting, mapping, etc.
Each objective or sub-objective should be stated separately.
- 2. Experimental design
- a. State hypothesis
- b. Depict stations (Florida Power should develop a slide or other visual aid to illustrate the general work areas, thermally impacted, control areas, zooplankton stations, to which each principal can refer).
- c. Proposed statistical analyses and tests to be performed on data.
- 3. Problems 6 + ~. - v. >
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g.. project experimental design, if any.
- 5. Future quarter work plan
. Brief statement of projected work for the ne) t quarter should be delineated and proposed solution to any problems experienced during previous quarter.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Law Engineering. Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY TL!
. Don E. Henley, P .
Manager Environmental Science Services DEH:jbs I _.___,____g,
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LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Gcotechnical and Matenals Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD. S E. / MAR;ETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404) 971-9005 Feb'ruary 20, 1974 Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 , St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Mr. Ken Garrison Re: Second Crystal River Environmental Progress Report Review to the Interagency Research Advisory Committee LETCo Job number SA-724
Dear Ken:
This report is in reference to the<above meeting and in compliance with the contracted responsibility to provide out-side overview and statistical control recommendations on various phases of the Crystal River Research Program. The format er. ployed, as in the past, follows the sequence of presentations, as made during.the Progress Review Conference held in Gainesviile, Florida on February 6 and 7, 1974. Our comments are based upon the following:
- 1. A review of the written document referenced above.
- 2. Oral presentations by various project principal in-vestigators, and subsequent questions and discussions relative to each presentation.
. 3. Informal discussions with selected investigators.
4, Overall objectives of NY4 Crystal River Environmental - Research Program as cefined by Florida Power Corpor-ation Crystal River Environmental Research Program to Meet Federal Requirements, June 11, 1973, page 1. If there are any questions concerning this evaluation O k I
Mr. Ken Garrison Page 2 February 20, 1974
)
report, please don't hesitate to contact Law Engineering. Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING TESTING CO. Don E. Henley Ph.D. Manager
. Environmental Science Service DEH:jbs Enclosure-
-cca R. T. Lackey, Ph.D.
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Overview and Statistical Evaluation I. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (Dr. Kendall L. Carder and Ronald H. Klansewitz) The purpose of this study is to determine the source of cooling water which is drawn into the plant for cooling purposes via the intake canal. The source or sources are to be allocated to areas 1, 2 and 3. Results of this program will be especially useful in the interpretation of data ob-tained and assessment of operational impact in other phases of the program, including those listed below:
- 1. Impingement
- 2. Entrainment
- 3. Phytoplankton
- 4. Zooplankton
- 5. Canal fisheries 5
Allocating ~ the source' water to areas 1, 2 and 3 is'not a - statistical problem but rather one of obtaining good field data. According to the presentation, field data will enable the in-vestigators to provide fairly good estimates of the source of intake water. Modeling could perhaps be used to supplement the above approach, especially in accounting for the influence of tide. Since the results of this phase of the program will be crucial to assessing environmental impact, we encourage every effort to provide definitive results by the earliest possible date. The Interagency Committee suggested that pro-filing.be accomplished once again but in the summer season. II. PHYTOPLANKTON (presented by Robert A. Gibson) A. Canal Study We assume the objectives of this overall program l is to determine species being entrained, quantities, ! condition and fate. A survey of the phytoplankton (chlorophyll) was well coordinated with the previous study (physical ocean-ography). Samples.were taken at the surface and 12 ft. (5 subsamples each). Surface chlorophyll values were significantly higher f/= 0.01) than those at 12 ft. at stations 3 and 4 (flood tide only). A t test was used to test chlorophyll differences. This. design 1 appears to be a sound approach. We suggest that by the next meeting this research activity be presented on the
- ~ basis of: (1) hypothesis; (2) experimental design; ' (3) data summary; (4) statistical analysis; and (5) conclusion.
j
1 B. General Study j
)
The general objective of this study is to estimate ; power plant impact or predation on phytoplankton. The previous section is specifically concerned with canal i phytoplankton while this section deals with adjacent areas. It is apparent from the presentation and re-port that substantial data are being generated. A data tabulation and computer cataloguing program is being developed to facilitate data handling. In our opinion, this project is likely to generate more data than can possibly be dealt with effectively. It is suggested that the principal concentrate on the more prevalent species in terms of numbers and biomass as presently the case.with the zooplankton program.
. The preliminary results indicated that surface !
water phytoplankton populations in the area of the plant 4 are more closely related to those of the Cross Florida l Barge Canal discharge than, thought would be the case earlier, j A suggestion advanced by the investigator was to delete sampling at station A and develop a new station c: " ., '
.near"the mouth ~of7 Crystal. River.- We suggest that att "o- - '.
i the earliest date, the followin'g questions be addressed: (1) Whate Are the exact (statistical) questions, being addressed? (2) What experimental design (s) is being used? (3) What sample size will provide the desired degree of accuracy? .(4) How will the results of this study interface with others (especially physical ocean-ography)? The same questions should be addressed in correlating phytoplankton abundance with environmental tactors,as well as stating, what environmental factors are to be addressed? We recommend that every effort be made to ensure that incoming data are proc'essed, statistically analyzed, and interpreted on a frequent basis to assure providing agency personnel with satisfactory phyto-plankton data by the project deadline. III. ZOOPLANKTON (presented by Frank J. Maturo, John W. Caldwell, William Ingram, and Ray Alden)
-A. General Survey The quarterly report reflects the substantial pro-gress of the zooplankton group in meeting their study objectives. Alth6 ugh ' zooplankton sampling problems are formidable, there are clearly stated objectives and
-statistical analyses, and in our opinion these objectives should be realized within the project time frame. The
. zooplankton group expressed concern in the results of the physical oceanography group in assessing the source of
. intake water. We encourage the physical oceanography -
group to make all results available at the earliest date since these may affect the validity of the current zoo-
)
plankton sampling scheme. .
-i-
The statistical design described in previous - reports appears adequate, although larger quantities of data must be analyzed to be entirely sure. Sample size required for statistical analysis has been cal-culated and is being realized in practice. B. Copepod Entrainment This study is closel'y related to the previous one ' and attempts to ascertain effects of power plant entrain-ment on various copepod species. Although not explicitly stated in the quarterly report, the statistical anal-ysis is apparently a reoression analysis with an arcsin transformation of percentage data. This study appears to be well conceived, well implemented, and should provide useful data in assessing the impact of power plant modifications. IV. BENTHOS (presented by Samuel C. Snedaker) A. Changes in Macroalgae, Seagrass Distribution and Substrate (Robin vanTine and Dan Cotierre)
"The objectives ~of' thi's project hav'e benn previously stated by Florida Power Corporation to be:
(1) The assessment of thermally-affected and non-affected portions of the study area. (2) The measurements of abundance and distribution of benthic macrophytes and periphyton, microinvertebrates. (3) The quantification of per-unit-area and total l area ecosystem components. l (4) The preparation of base' maps of the ecosystem ' by season. l (5) The preparation of map overlays of physical ! and biological parameters. l As presented in the Second Quarterly Report, this i study is primarily aimed at collecting baseline data I to ascertai'n changes in plant distribution in the inner bay on the discharge side and in the inner bay on the in-take side. Analysis of variance between bays and between discharge and intake areas (using taxonomic groupings) is proposed, but statistical interpretations will re-quire making some questionable assumptions concerning similarity of treatment areas. 1
,- We recognize this program to be extremely impor-
% tant in future evaluation of cooling alternatives at Crystal River and in,the establishment of the environ-
' mental impact of unit 3 when it goes on line. Therefore, s
. _ ~_ - - _ _
meaningful baseline information and existing relationships should be developed. It is' also recognized that intake and discharge area ecological components will be difficult to compare by any predetermined statistical model due to express.ed gross differences between the ) two systems but we feel that certain elements are worthy of more consideration. This will becomo especially im-portant relative to follow-on monitoring. For exemple, we determined from the raw data presented, that statis-tically significant relationships k= .01) did exist in the discharge' area within mud substrates for vegetation biomass and macroinvertebrate biomass'. A statistically significant relationship Lt= .05) also existed within the' Inner Bay south of the intake area on rock substrates for vegetation biomass and macroinvertebrate biomass. l It is possible that other relationships existed but sample numbers or missing data would not allow testing. With.this in mind, we suggest that carefily conceived
- stratification of sampling effort in defined substrate areas may be fruitful in future quarterly efforts. This would require more coordination of the macrophyte studies, macroinvertebrate studies, substrate studies and other
. physical programs within the inner bay, especially bathymmetry and light penetration.
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B. Invertebrate Study (Gary L. Evink) This study is closely related to the previous one in terms of sampling activity. As presented in the Second Quarterly Report, we, view anticipated results as being of particular use as baseline data for monitoring future changes due to alternatives in plant operation. V.
- IMPINGEMENT / ENTRAPMENT (presented by Samuel C. Snedaker)
A .* Impingement and Entrainment The status of this phase of the research program is largely unchanged from last quarter. About 60% of the l variation in impingement data can be accounted for by multiple linear regression analysis. A new apparatus for sampling fish in the 3 to 15 mm. range that are entrained was presented and will be placed in use soon. 1 I B. Entrapment - ' _The status of this phase has also not changed sub- l stantially, excep't that several new pieces of sampling 1 gear.did not work in the intake canali It is apparent that useable results will be extremely difficult to ob-tain for this phase. Results from this phase and from other phases will allow some inferences on entrapment to be made, but they will be far from definitive. We
, do not see any ready solutions to these sampling problems.
VI. FISHES / CRABS - (presented by Samuel C. Snedaker)
) :
l A. - Fish Populations .( Michael J. Oesterling) _4_
h The basic question involves describing movement
- patterns of fishes to assess the current impact of the
. pownr plant (and the dikes) and any future changes in the power plant and dikes. Gillnets and Wyoming traps will be deployed to determine movement through the
" fish gap" (North-South) and along the dike. We see
-the results of this phase to be of a descriptive nature.
B. Blue Crabs (Michael J. Osterling) The purpose of this study is to determine the movement of blue crabs in the vicinity of Crystal River. Deter-mination of population level will be exceedingly difficult since the crab population cannot be regarded as being from a closed system and emigration and immigration cannot be quantified. From preliminary data, it appears tnat females tend to move north along the coast, but few have been taken from the intake screens. A statistical analysis was not proposed in the second Quarterly Report, nor do we see the necessity for such an analysis at this time. We recommend that the question of movement into the power plant be better resolved by more intensive ob-servation of the intake screens for marked crabs. In
- terms of north -south- movement, :we -recommend .(1)" adver .
tising the tagging program in all areas where crabs could conceivably be found (both north and sou";h) , and (2) additional tagging in the area south of Crystal-River. C. Benthic Fishes (Samuel C. Snedaker) As presented in the Second Quarterly Report, the re- ' sults of this study will mainly serve as baseline data for assessing impacts of future changes in the power plant.. Since areas on.the intake and discharge sides are apparently not equivalent, statistical comparisons between " control" and " treatment" are of questionable validity. D. Fish Tagging (Samuel C. Snedaker) This project was initiated to describe movement of fishes by tagging (jaw, ring, and Floy tags) . Actual tagging will commence soon. An experimental design was not proposed in the Second Quarterly Report, and we re-commend that this be addressed as soon as preliminary data are available. We anticipate that the results of this study can~be of particular use to the Interagency Comm-ittee in assessing environmental impact of proposed power plant modifications. E. Tidal Creek Fishes (Clay A. Adams) Proposed statistical analysis involves a ranking
- x. procedure, a nonparametric method. he recommend that pre-liminary statistical analysis be implemented at the earliest date to test the utility of the proposed method. It is difficult at this point to accurately predict the actual s -5 ,
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importance of the results in assessing power plant impact, but we do feel that the rerults will warrant the effort. VII. MODELING (by Howard T. Odum) There are four specific aspects that must be addressed in this project: . A. Do the present and future modeling activities inte-grate all data currently being collected and other pertinent data? We see this activity as one of digesting large volumes of data into an understandable por-trayal of the system. We view this activity as a necessary and highly useful component of the total environmental program at Crystal River. B. Is the modeling ef fort fulfilling the role of iden-tifying critical data areas which must be ehhanced? If, in assessing the environmental impact of power plant modifications, critical data are
>. '. . .e found to'be , unavailable,irit-may be too late to" * "-
resolve the problem within the existing time frame. We wish to stress that every effort be made to identify such areas at an early enough date to allow for field investigation. C. Will the modeling activities be useful in predicting
- effects on the environment of possible changes in the power plant?
rectly This is perhaps relevant questionthe most to the important Comm Interagency and di,ittee . It is our feeling that a well designed computer simulator can be useful in predicting the impact of proposed power plant changes. We suggest that Florida Power Corporation personnel work closely with those involved in modeling as soon as various potential cooling alternatives are identified to insure that each alternative can l be tested with the simulator. l D. Is the energy cost / benefit method a reasonable approach l to assessing environmental impact? i We see this question to be of much less impor-tance to the Interagency Committee than accur-ately predicting the impact of various power
, plant modifications. Research along the energy C/B line should very definitely continue, but the greatest use of modeling activities at Crystal s River, as we view it, will be in providing sound /
estimates of environmental conditions due to power plant changes, i
)
l ' Cllbt LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geotochnical and t.fatenals Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD. S E. / MARIETTA GECRGIA 3CC62 / (404) 9719005 April 9, 1974 Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention : Mr. Joe Johnson Re: Environmental Consultation with personnel from University of South Florida on Phytoplankton Program at Crystal River Site. -
Dear. Joe:
As discussed during our telephone conversation Frida'/, April 5, 1.974, Law Engineering Testing Company's personnel will ~ confer wit.h Mr. Rober t Gibaun on work referenced aLuve as requested by you. IIowever, it will be necessary for Mr. Gibson to meet with us in the Marietta, Georgia Branch Of fice. Charges for these services were not included in our original cor. tract but invcices will carry the same Law Engineer-ing contract number SA-724. We appreciate this opportunity to be of continued service to Florida Power Corporation. Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY
. /
pt;!ft" ' Don E. !!enley Ph.D. Manager Environmental Science Services DE!!:jbs (
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t D l LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geotochnical and Materials Engineers 2743 DELK ROAD. S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404) 971-9005 April 19, 1974 Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 3201 34th. Street, South St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Attention: Mr. Joe Johnson . Re: Statistical Consultation with Principal on Crystal River Phytoplankton Project Job # SA-724
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Dear Joe:
As requested by Florida Power Corporation, representatives of Law Engineering Testing Company met with Mr. Robert Gibson from the University of South Florida on April 11, 1974. This consultation meeting was for purposes of discussing statistical design and data handling status of the project, " Impact of Orystal River Plant Operation on Phytoplankton Populations".- Based upon our discrssions.with the principal on this pro-ject, the following suggestions were offered:
- 1. The principal investigator should finalize prior to the next interagency meeting the exact questions being addressed and the experimental design being used. Based on our understanding of the data being generated, we believe that selected parred comparisons can be made to answer most relevant environmental questions per-
- taining to effects on phytoplankton. Multivariate l analysis may also be used to analyze any effects of physical an.d chemical parameters.
. 2. A standard coding form should be develooed along with a j data tabulation program. We suggest t.he following sequence j
of developmental steps: a) Finalize a standard coding form in conjunction with a computer programmer and project personnel (e.g. , see attached) . b) Write a first-pass version of the program to read in . data and with an option to output raw data.
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Once data are being taken, coded, and computer inputed with minimal time lag, various tab-ulation and anal to the program. yses options should be added Very truly yours, LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPMY 10e/. ' .1< Don E. Henley, D. Manager Environmental Science Services DEH:jbs
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FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION THIRD QUARTERLY REPORT REVIEW Computer Simulation Stu 'ies (Howard T. Odum, et al) The greatest use of these studies, in the hmnediate future, will be integrating and organizing data from a very complex system. Modeling forces organization and generalization. He would stress that other investigators at Crystal River are in the best position to evaluate their appropriate sections of each model. Evaluation and active interchange should be encouraged between modelers and specific discipline research teams. The modeling approach and
" philosophy" presented, is, in our view, reasonable within the context within which it is presented.
Sponge F'auna Study (Robert H. YockEy) The Third Quarterly Report rev$ews preliminary analysis of data covering 6 months. Several data comparisons between intake and discharge areas are also reviewed. Although not stated, we assume the objective of this study is to assess the impact of the plant on the sponge fauna. To meet this objective, an experimental design must be developed which isolates non-plant error. Other-wise, results may primarily serve as baseline data for future monitoring. Invertebrate Study (Gary L. Evink) l-( Activities continued as described in previous progress reports. A statistical design was not suggested, nor is a reasonable design s
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. . 1 LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY Geotechnical and Matenats Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30062 / (404) 971-9005
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June 26, 1974 Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, rlorida 33753 Attention: Mes es. Ken Garrison and Joe Johnson Re: Third Crystal River Environmental Progress Report Review LETCo Job No. SA-724 Gentlemen: We have" reviewed'the'rbport refere~nced above. 'Our commen'ts " '- follow the same sequence as presented in the report. We feel that this entire program is proceeding smootlily with only a few questions which we have raised in the attached . review. If you have any questions concerning our comments, please don't hesitate to contact us. Very truly yours, LAW' ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY hst)$. be u Don E. Henle Ph.D. Manager
. Environmental Science Services DEH:jbs Enclosure 1
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readily apparent. As presented in the Third Quarterly Report, We view the anticipated results as baseline data which will be of particular use for future monitoring comparison. According to this Quarterly Report, the benthic macroinvertebrate study at Crystal River will be finished upon completion of the spring sampling and we encourage t[le investigators to make a final re-port available to other investigators as soon thereaf ter as possible. . l Blue Crab Study (Michael J. Osterling) I
' We recommend that this study should provide interested parties with the impact of impingement on affected blue crab
~ . - - '
population (s) . Data on' the dynamics of the blue crab population, especially movement characteristics, will be necessary to access l impingement impact. From the, Third Quarterly Report it is nod i apparent whether a satisfactory blue crab impingement impact assessment can be made by late summer. We feel that a preliminary + impact assessment', based on data collected to date, would be of pse to interested parties and allow for a review of the method- , .ological approach well before submission of the final report..
. Zooplankton Study (Frank J. Maturo, John W. Caldwell, and William Ingram)
The zooplankton program is a complex and high sophisticated 4
.. effort to meet several formidable objectives. : The experimental and statistical design has been previously prese.nted and appears at this point to be adequate. The problem of interpreting many
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m analyses is of concern, and it has been addressed by the inves-tigators. W e stress, however, that care be taken not to over-interpret analyses. For the next Quarterly Report, we suggest that preliminary estimates of (1) power plant predation and efficiency, (2) the impact of the power plant on diversity and production, and (3) the source of entrained zooplankton be pro-vided for review. Copepod Entrainment (Frank J. Maturo, John W. Caldwell, and William Ingram) There are a number of questions that must be addressed about the experimental design. Specifically, it cannot be determined from .the report.that the discharge sample actually is represen,tative of the discharge or if it is part of a' resident population within the discharge canal. The graph shown-on p. 1067 indicates a possible thermal-mechanical antagonism e.g. , when heat injury to a given biological process is reversed by pressure, the process or processes are assumed to be one in which the enzyme of the
, limiting reaction under consideration'is denatured with an in-dease in volume (see graph below tr. ken from literature) .
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11= ~Je= bi . . p f** p o o, 20 . a 0 .0 m. B LDeGTH OF TiWC MATED AT .S*.C. (MINUTES) Fig.19. A. Denaturation of globular and 6bses .
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, proteins. (From Cantarow and Schepartz: B ochem. l inery.) 5. Degree of precipitsuon of protem at 65* C when subjected to various p risesres. (From Johnsmo and Campheu: J. BioL Chem 163:N4.1946.). .
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l LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY ) Gootechnical and Matenals Engineers 2749 DELK ROAD. S E. / MARIETTA. GEORGIA 30002 / (4041971-9005 l' October 14, 1974 l Florida Power Corporation Environmental Affairs P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 , Attention: fir. Joe Johnson Re: Statistical Control and Overview Function Crystal River Environmential Research Program to Meet Current Federal Requirements LETCo Job No. SA-724
Dear Joe:
Please find appended, the summary of Law Engineering Testing Company's responsibilities which you requested for incorporation into the final environmental report on Crystal River. I feel perhaps the best way to handle Law Engineering 's input in the report would be to place the summary of respon-
.sibilities near the front and reference the individual reports which were supplied to you during the course of the project.
If you have any questions or need additional copies of these individual reports, please contact me personally. Very truly yours , LAW ENGINEERING TESTING COMPANY [ Don E. Henley, Ph.D. Manager Environmental Science Services DEH:jbs ! Enclosure
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Although difficult to determine at this point, the data indicates this possibility which seems' reasonable in view of demonstration 3
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of such effects on cell free biological systems in laboratory studies. This indicates that thermal' effects could be gree.ter if mechanical pressure was reduced. Entrainment may kell be a key consideration in environmental decisions and the importance of sound conclusions cannot be over-emphasized. O
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/- m i I WATER QUALIT'Y CRYSTAL RIVER STATION A DATE P04-P NO3-N NH3-N Sf02-Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million ppm ppb ppm 11/6/73 28.206 0.17, 0.063 0.615 1.3 5.8 710.0 .
11/20/73 27.758 0.13. 0.059 0.16 0.622 1.0 6.9 12/3/73 27.441 0.35-) 0.223 0.58 0.795 i.0 4.92 12/18/73 25.418 0.19' :'. 0.035 0.0 0.499 0.6 3.04 1/3/74 22.591 0.052
- 0. 22.l ( .05 0.256 1.8 4.56 1/14/74 20.837 0.i0. 0.042 0.06 0.883 1.7 5.90 1/28/74 21.724 0.054 0.26 0.968 0.6 6.90 0.44{
2/12/74 22.368 0.39': 0.009 0.30 0.689 0.3 6.0 2/27/74 20.917 0.06'8 ' 0.012 0.379 0.458 1.2 8.4 3/13/74 24.158 ,0.090 0.045 0.124 0.446 0.3 No Data 3/26/74 19.555 0.14.. 0.036 . 0.87 0.947 1.2 5.1 . 4/9/74 18.878 0.19," 0.053 2.64 1.043 0.9 8.2 4/24/74 22.576 0.10[. 0.004 0.40 0.969 0.8 8.7 5/7/74 25.752 0.14', 0.059 0.43 0.691 0.9 7.4 i ; 5/2E/74 25.211 0.16e 0.050 0.42 1.19 1.4 7.8 i . 6/4/74 25.223 0. 5 5.'. 0.010 0.45 1.07 0.5 7.3
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6/21/74 26.714 0.38-'- 0.091 0.47 1.248 3.4 4.4 1. 7/3/74 19.459 ( .01 1.057 2.36 1.394* 0.7 5.2
. .7/19/74 24.90 (.01. 0.678 3.66 1.350 0.6 6.0 l 7/31/74 18.9 4.23' 1.254 4.80 1.504 0.1 10.3 .
8/16/74 21.2 4.64' 2.492 9.11 1.815 0.7 13.1 8/28/74 25.0 0.14 '- 0.12 0.27 1.909 ( 1 7.4 i 4 9/13/74 25.0 0.14 0.34' O.266 11.0 ' s- m. + ' -n 0.25i n 41 *
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WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION B DATE PO4 -F NO3 -N . Nd3 -N SiO2 -Si NO2 -N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73 28.135 0.17 0.023 1.34 0.645 0.6 2.9 11/20/73 30.08 0.07 0.022 0.11 0.225 0.4 5.9 12/3/73 27.566 0.28 0.078 0.35 0.747 U.9 2.92 12/18/73 23.537 0.17 0.061 0.06 0.652 0.9 3.12 1/3/74 25.020 0.62 0.033 (0105 0.142 0.5 6.02 1/14/74 23.640 0.09 0.025 0.06 0.553 0.5 2.75 1/28/74 29.091 0.428 0.007 0 31 0.169 0.2 7.08 2/12/74 24.595 0.38 0.014 0'.31 0.516 0.0 6.9 2/27/74 20.917 0.068 0.012 0.379 0.458 1.2 8.4 3/13/74 27.663 0.149 0.043 0.174 0.102 0.4 No Data 3/26/74 22.613 0.13 0.016 - 0.78 0.634 0.4 6.5 . 4/9/74 24.747 0.19 0.007 0.41 0.635 0.9 6.' 7
~
4/24/74 25.170 0.11 ( 0.01 0.42 0.663 1.2 7.5 5/7/74 27.403 0.11 0.007 0.43 0.387 0.5 3.9 t 5/22/74 28.038 0.15 0.005 0.38 0.314 0.2 7.0 6/4/74 25.076 2.00 0.025 0.46 1.09 0.3 6.9 6/21/74 28.735 0.2 0.117 0553 1.142 1.5 3.2
, 7/3/74 23.686 ( .01 0.749 No Data 0.308* (0.1 4.2 7/19/74 25.40 0.911 0;57 0.738 0.1 4.9
(.01 I 23.4 7/31/74 5.69 1.254 07,70 0.160 0.1 8.0 8/16/74 25.8 ?.52 2.034 1_.38 1.-143 0.3 8.0 l I 8/28/74 27.7 0.33 0.09 0.23 0.147 g1 6.3 j
- 9/1'1/74 97 o n on n ,a n is n occ / , ,,
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I WATER QUA TY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION C DATE P0a' P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si N02 -N Organic C SALINITY PARTS per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 Willion 10 million 10 million opm ppb bpm 11/6/73 29.967 0,14 0.110 0,289 0.5 5.8 (.05 i 2.5 5.5 11/20/73 30.90 0.09 0.028 0.10 0.155 12/3/73 29.098 0.30 0.1 30 0.27 0.495 15.7 2.75 12/18/73 24.968 0.18 0.058 0.02 0,604 0.6. 4.45 1/3/74 28.518 0.26 0.045 0.05 0.093 3.9 5.88 1/14/74 27.730 0.1'4 0.016 0.07 0,266 0.3 2,29 1/28/74 25.945 0.440 0.002 0.26 0.068 0.1 4.82 2/12/74 25.303 0.17 0.014 0.37 0.323 0.2 5.6 2/27/74 22.495 0.034 0.010 0.196 0.288 0.9 8.3 3/13/ 74 28.203 0.131 0.066 0.540 0.079 0.6 No Data
~
3/26/74 26.302 0.15 0.052 0.75 0.143 * '0.8 8.1 4/9/74 24.533 0.16 0.004 0.43 0.485 1.8 7.6 4/24/74 28.049 0.13 0.007 0.38 0.332 1.1 8.2 5/7/74 28.842 0.14 0.013 0.44 0.2 31 0.6 5.0 5/22/74 '30.699 0.20 , 0.008 0.40 0.106 0.3 7.6
; 6/4/74 29.834 0.29 0.01 7 0.46' O.149 0.5 6.0 6/21/74 29.041 0.55 0.036 0.54 0.750 0.6 5.6 l 7/3/74 25.268 .<0.01 0.532 0.437 0.079 (0.1 11.4 7/19/74 28.40 (0.0.1 0.641 0.41 0.272 <0.1 4.5 7/31/74 25.8 11.'92 0 . 3 31 0.41 0.295 (J.1 10.1 8/16/74 IJ.4 5.41 1.068 0.61 0.528 0.2 6.2 8/28/74 30.0 0.57 0.11 0.36 0.150 ( .1 5.9 9/1 3/74 32.2 0.08 0.13 0.28 0.089 f1
- 6.6 ,
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[ s . . WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION D DATE P04-P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si- NO2 -N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per pp 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm pob ppm 11/6/73 28.117 0.19 0.103 (0.05 0.591 1.0 3.7 11/20/73 29.25 0.08 0.021 0.45 0.367 0.5 6.4 12/3/73 27.627 0.24 0.106 d.36 0.736 7.9 3.15 12/18/73 25.587 .0.34 0.066 0.03 0.509 0.8 3.41 1/3/74 ' 22.158 0.18 0.044 0.52 0.295 1.4 4.39 1/14/74 23.873 0.10 0.012 0.05 0.563 0.3 2.87 1/28/74 23.207 0.481 0.008 0.26 0.737 0.2 5.63 2/12/74 23.418 0.14 0.029 0_.37 0.755 0.3 6.6 2/27/74 20.563 0.023 No data b,.19 0.377 1.0 6.9 3/13/74 26.484 0.113 0.057 d.56 0.280 0.3 No Data 3/26/74 20.075 0.09 0.004 0' 68 0.850 .No Data 6.3 4/9/74 23.121 0.14 0.012 0.44 1.012 0.9 7.6
, 4/24/74 24.040 0.28 ( 0.001 0.38 0.805 0.8 12.3 5/7/74 26.046 0.14 0.006 0.43 0.757 0.4 4.9 5/22/74 26.060 0.18 0.022 0.36 1.01 0.3 7.3
, 6/4/74 25.189 0.21 0.037 0.53 0.966 0.1 6.9 6/21/74 27.627 0.33 0.046 0,35 1.283 0.7 5.9
, 7/3/74 20.342 (0.01 0.662 1;94 1.252 (0.1 6.3 7/19/74 24.60 '(0.01 0.478 d.25 1.522 (0.1 4.9 7/31/74 21.0 12.02 0.630 0.90 0.659 (0.1 8.0 8/16/74 23.8 5.12 0.482 0.51 1.145 <0.1 7.1 8/28/74 25.6 1. 71 0.11 0.34 0.410 (1 5.7 4 9/13/74 25.8 0.18 0.08 d.22 0.184 (1 5.1 .
s
/
' WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION E DATE P04 -P NO3 -N NH3-N SiO2 -Si N07 -N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million ppm ppb ppm 11/6/73 27.947 0.12 0.047 ( 0.05 0.671 1.3 4.0 11/20/73 29.26 0.09 0.035 0.12 0.344 0.6 5.1 12/3/73 27.585 0.21 0.087 0.23 0.849 5.3 3.31 12/18/73 26.242 0. 2'O 0.046 0.11 0.483 0.8 3.51 1/3/74 23.731 0.23 0.023 (0.05 0.218 0.5 4.00 1/14/74 26.182 0.13 0.15, 0.05 0.393 0.4 2.56 1/28/74 24.772 0.5'37 0.063 0.34 0.546 0.4 5.62
, 2/12/74 23.887 0. 2'O 0.020 0.29 0.710 0.1 7.0 2/27/74 21.305 0.08 0.041 0.237 0.434 1.5 6,3 3/13/74 25.506 0.2'26 0.034 0.248 0.257 0.5 No Data
. 3/26/74 21.053 0.10 0.014 - 1.25 0.744 0.6 5.8 .
4/9/74 21.351 0.15 0.034 0.55 1.153 1.5 10.0 4/24/74 23.832 0.11 0.009 1.96 0.844 1.2 8.2 5/7/74 25.673 0.13 0.032 0.42 0.777 1.4 6.7 5/22/74 26.892 0.17 0.009 0.36 0.672 0.4 9.7
, 6/4/74 25.245 0.29 0.010 0.62 0.852 0.7 6.7 6/21/74 26.971 0.92 0.095 0.64 i. 96 1.2 5.4
, , 7/3/74 19.761 0.0.1 0.499 O.38 1.339 (0.1 3.8 7/19/74 23.30 (0.01 0.467 0.26 1.310 (0.1 5.3
~
7/31/74 20.8 10.83 0.847 0.54 0.800 (0.1 7.3 8/16/74 25.8 3.16 0.709 0.50 1.300 0.2 8.6 8/28/74 26.5 1. 71 0.11 0.34 0.410 (1 9.1 4 9/13/74 26.7 0.17 0.12 0.28 0.204 (1- 7. 2 ' .
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P . WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION F DATE PO4 -P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73 28.147 0.13 0.056 (045 0.655 1.6 3.9
'11/20/73 29.63 0.11 0.044 0)18 0.361 1.0 5.4 12/3/73 27.718 0 . 31 0.178 0.36 0.8 81 2.2 2.70 12/18/73 26.336 0.21 0.057 NQ Data 0.494 1.2 9.53 1/3/74 24.844 0.22 0.045 (0.05 0.307 1.2 7.78 1/14/74 26.293 0.15 0.008 0.;06 0.441 0.6 3.14 1/28/74 25.742 0.507 0.057 0.41 0.423 0.6 5.85 2/12/74 24.068 0.36 d.024 0. 31 0.719 0.7 6.6 2/27/74 21.642 0.023 0.017 0'.172 0.362 1.1 6.3 3/13/74 25.820 0.113 0.032 0/275 0'.252 0.5 No Data 3/26/74 21.977 0.09 0.025 1.07 0.718 0.8 5.8 4/9/74 21.811 0.14 0.009 0.59 ~ 1.112 1.0 9.9 4/24/74 24.302 0.30 0.052 0.51 0.829 1.7 9.0 5/7/74 26.099 0.16 0.035 0.53 0.698 1.3 5.6 5/22/74 27.604 0.17 0.015 0.42 0.522 0.6 8.7 6/4/74 26.208 0.26 0.260 0.54 0.130 0.1 5.7 0.68 1.3 6/21/74 27.810 1.00 0.215 1.143 7.2
, 7/3/74 22.343 (0.01 0.984 l'44 1.439 0.4 6.4 7/19/74 24.80 (0.01 0.894 0.31 1.086 0.2 4.9 I 7/31/74 22.0 9.76 0.851 0.47 0.691 0.1 5.7 8/16/74 25.8 4.23 2.841 l.27 1.221 0.5 7. 4
- 8/28/74 27.7 1.29 0.07 Qi23 0.489 (1 8.3 4 9/13/74 27.9 0.15 0.07 0',34 0.213 (1 6.2 .
m
' WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION G I
DATE P04 - P NO3 -N NH3 -N Sfo2-Si N02 -N ORGANIC C
, SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per o/oo 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73 27.666 0.12 0.106 0.05 0.699 2.1 6.3 11/20/73 29.13 0.11 0.052 0.17 0.328 0.7 5.7 12/3/73 27.73 0.23 1.38 0.44 0.861 .8 2.87 12/18/73 23.508 0.17 0.202 0.45 0.694 2.2 2.90 1/3/74 25.820 0.48 0.067 0.05 0.193 0.8 3.60 1/14/74 26.485 0.14 0.028 0.13 0.380 0.7 2.37 1/28/74 24.909 0.458 0.037 0.35 0.527 0.3 6.43 2/12/74 23.'848 0.40 0.033 0.30 0.720 0.5 7.3 2/27/74 21.664 0.085 0.033 0.243 0.427 3.8 7.0 3/13/74 25.885 0.173 0.043 0.288 0.259 0.7 No Data 3/26/74 21.457 0.08 0.036 . 1.14 0.762 No Data 4.7
, 4/9/74 21.458 0.12 0.012 0.48 1.114 0.5 7.8 4 4/24/74 23.947 0.12 0.041 0.69 0.850 1.8 8.2 5/7/74 26.163 0.15 0.098 0.69 0.701 1.1 7.3
, 5/22/74 26.911 0.16 0.025 0.45 0.701 0.8 9.2 6/4/74 26.005 0.29 0.127 0.69 0.968 6.7 5.2 6/21/74 27.673 1.22 0.167 0.70 1.242 1.6 5.2
, 7/3/74 22.132 (0.01 1.067 0.57 0.917 0.3 3.2 7/19/74 19.20 (0.01 1.171 0.45 1.161 0.7 5.3 I 0.43 7/31/74 22.80 7.99 0.774 0.612 0.2 6.6 8/16/74 26.0 5.16 1.292 0.92 1.305 0.6 6.3 8/28/74 27.5 0.57 0.12 0.46 0.548 (1 7.1 4 9/13/74 27.7 0.33 0.n5 0.23 0.430 (1 8.0 -
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'0aTrn nelALITY CRYSTAL.' RIVER STATION H DATE . P04 -P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si NO2 -N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per o/oo 10 million 10 million 10 millf or, ppm' pob ppm-11/6/73 24.989 0.11 0.048 (0.'05 0.802 2.4 3.4 ,
11/20/74 26.59 0.14 0.024 0110 0.427 1.0 7;2 12/3/73 24.994 0.32 0.222 Oh58 0.915 6.4 4.29 12/18/73 18.179 0.17 0.443 0:12 1.09 2.3 .1. 6 1/3.74 24.833 0.15 0.079 (0;05 0.251 3.0 3.33 1/14/74 26.197 0.14 0.037 0.11 0.448 1.3 2.83 1/28/74 25.348 0.452 0.043 0'.32 0.486 0.4 4.94
. 2/12/74 21.353 0.12 0.010 0.33 0.878 0.4 7.0 2/27/74 20.705 0.057 0.006 0.237 0.413 1.8 6.6 3/13/74 24.941 0.119 0.054 0l168 0.393 0.4 No Data . 3/26/74 21.977 0.08 0.284 - 0.53 0.726 No Data 4.7 4/9/74 20.938 0.09 0.035 0'.66 1.114 0.5 7.8 4/24/74 23.791 0.17 0.054 0 46 0.204 2.0 7.9 5/7/74 22.847 0.12 0.020 0.144 0.921 1.0 6.5 5/22/74 26.627 0.16 0.021 0.40 0.701 0.9 8.2 6/4/74 25.163 0.29 0.111 0.64 1.023 0.8 6.4 1
6/21/74 28.019 0.44 0.141 0.74 1.210 1.8 5.0 j 7/3/74 21.726 (0.01 2.463 Oj77 1.331 1.9 4.0 7/19/74 23.80 D.01 1.549 0.34 1.200 1.5 6.0 7/31/74 20.00 3.40 1.21 3 0*.48 1.344 2.0 8.3 8/16/74 22.5 3.97 1.587 1(75 1.708 1.5 9.4 8/28/74 23.6 0.44 0.07 0'.20
~
1.626 (1 10.8
- 9/13.74 23.8 0.17 0.11 0.31 0.431 (1 9.6 '
WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION I DATE PO4-P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per o/oo 10 million 10 million 10 million ppm ppb ppm 11/6/73 26.960 0.18 0.023 0.05 0.464 0.3 4.2 11/20/73 28.12 0.10 0.014 0,07 0,21 4 0.4 5,7 12/3/73 24.451 , 0.21 0.244 0.56 1.13 16.7 4.11 12/18/73 19.317 0. l'5 0.247 0.40 0.969 1.4 2.57 1/3/74 26.854 0.32 0.097 0.19 0.119 5.2 3.55 1/14/74 , 22.774 0.09 0.011 0.05 0.726 0.8 4.36 1/28/74 27.390 0.458 0.012 0.26 0.190 0.2 5.03 2/12/74 21.068 0.16 i).060 0.57 0.741 0.8 6,6 2/27/74 19.771 0.074 0.008 0.261 0.566 1.5 8.2 3/13/74 24.110 0.102 0.060 0.754 0.340 0.2 No Data 3/26/74 23.219 0.10 0.120 0.69 0.292 No Data 8.2 4/9/74 19.652 0.09 0.020 0.42 1.241 0.5 7.8 .
~
4/24/74 20.039 0.15 0.023 0.56 1.206 1.4 10.4 5/7/74 24.941 0.19 0.008 0.52 1.03 0.4 6.9 5/22/74 26.937 0.27 0.031 0.56 0.586 0.5 10.4 6/4/74 26.911 0.27 0.002 0.51 0.58d 43.9 6.3 6/21/74 23.653 0.43 0.078 0.57 1.350 0.5 5.6
, 7/3/74 23.690 (.01 0.863 0.40 0.43T ( .1 5.8 7/19/74 15.3 0.01 0.516 0.36 1.490 6.8
(.1 7/31/74 20.9 3.61 0.568 0.34 1.142 0.2 11.7 8/16/74 21.6 1.67 1.331 0.45 1.934 1.0 8.4 8/20/7 21.4 0.61 0.14 0.57 1.419 (1 10.2 ._,m,. 4 9/13/74 21.6 0.59 0.22
.o 1.50 0.431 (1 - -
12.0 y n-
T' s . 4 nlATER QAULITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION J DATE PO4 -P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73
~
11/20/73 -31 .39 0.09 0.016 0.11 0.132 0.6 5.2 12/3/73 12/18/73 28.964 0.23 0.081 No Data 0.329 0.8 2.73 1/3/74 1/14/74 25.572 0.11 0.005 0.05 0.475 0.5 10.63 1/28/74 2/12/74 24.982 0.18 0.018 0.34 0.516 0.4 6.5 2/27/74 3/13/74 28.718 0.155 0.044 0.184 0.054 0.4 No Data 3/26/74 4/9/74 26.396 0.16 0.024 0.53 0.079 0.6 8. 4 4/24/74 5/7/74 29.374 0.12 0.007 0.38 0.220 0.3 5.0 5/22/74 6/4/74 29.603 0.27 0.003 U.54 0.112 1.7 6.1 6/21/74
~
- 7/3/74 7/19/74 7/31/74 28.6 3.18 0.412 0.15 0.123 0.1 5.4 8/16/74 8/28/74 31.0 0.38 0.09 0.40 0.128 (1 5.4 a .
r m t
' WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION K DATE P04-P NO3 -N NH3 -N SiO2 -Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY Parts per Parts per Parts per 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73 11/20/73 12/3/73 13.193 0.07 0.088 0.32 1,50 F.0 5.49 12/18/73 1/3/74 19.557 0.10 0.116 0.05 0.429 0.8 3.53 1/14/74 1/28/74 10.199 0.452 0.154 0.64 1.358 0.4 8,86 2/12/74 2/27/74 7.799 0.040 0.036 No Data 1.773 1.8 7.9 3/13/74 l 3/26/74 8.769 0.04 0.050 .
- 0. 71 1.497 No Data 8.1 4/9/74 4/24/74 13.623 0.21 0.01 0.39 2.044 0.9 10.0 5/7/74 5/22/74 18.436 0.27 0.025 0.58 0.720 1.0 11.6 6/4/74 6/21/74 15.951 0.16 0.206 0.56 1.984 3.0 6.6 1/3/74 7/19/74 4.70 0.16 3.656 0.34 2.882 1.1 10.2 7/31/74 ,
8/16/74 3.00 0.88 1.822 1.22 2.690 1.9 16.2 8/28/74 e-
.a ' 9/13/74 3.12 1.42 0.93 1.24 2.464 (1 15.7 -
- . ~ - - . -
D ,, . WATER QUALITY CRYSTAL RIVER STATION L DATE PO4-P N03-N NH~3 -N SiO2 -Si N02-N ORGANIC C SALINITY . Parts per Parts pe.r . 0/00 10 million 10 million 10 million opm ppb ppm 11/6/73 11/20/73 . 12/3/73 , 12/18/73 1/3/74 1/14/74 1/28/74 ", 2/12/74 2/27/74 3.483 0.091 0.002 0.136 1.536 1.7 5.0 3/13/74 3/26/74 5.500 0.16 0.062 . .79 No Data 0.4 7'l 4 / 9 / 74
~
4/24/74 6.581 0.05 (.01 0.45 2.241 0.8 7.1 5/7/74 5/22/74 11.629 0.23 0.050 0.46 2.01 0.6 9.5 6/4/74 6/21/74 10.243 0.57 0.134 0.62 2.155 1.2 6.8
, 7/3/74 7/19/74 3.50 0.56 0.924'. 4.18 2.000 0.1 3.6 7/31/74 8/16/74 .3.61 0.40 1.238 0.29 1.965 0.1 5.3 8/28/74 4 '9/13/74 4.0 0.54 0.12 'd.45 2.201 (1.0 7.6 -
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J' j e cATTACHMENT 5 ' a . *
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- Synopsis of Research Publications of the -
Hydrography Study -
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1 .. Synopsis of nascarch Publications s
' Independent Environmental Study of Thermal Effects' of Power Plant Dischargo Principal Investigator Dr. Kendall L. Carder
., University of South Florida, Department of Marine Science Office of Crystal River Research .
Founded June, 1970 St. Petersburg, Florida
.. ~
N_ E '. . .n
~ .
)
t University of South Florida, Department of 11arine Science
, Independent Environmental Study of Thermal Effects
, of Power Plant Discharge Research efforts by the University of South Florida's
~
Office of Crystal River Ecscarch, have been quite wide spread
, since the. initiation of the project in June,1970. It is not the intent of this paper to list and reference all of the accomplishments, but only those pertaining to the development and verification of the computer model. A reference list of Data Reports and Technical Reports published during the project, will be footnoted throughout this paper, to guide the reader to the proper publication, once the subject matter and it's application to the project are kno m.
O e e i
)
9 _C
~
e
. Part Is Model Development .,
A. numerical simulation (Crystal River model) of fluid flow and heat dispersion in the estuary (discharge basin) adjacent to the Crystal River power generating plant was first developed by Klausewitz (1973) . Compariso'ss of the Crystal River model results and conditions as mer.sured in the field were used as a verification technique. At high tide Klausewitz's predicted acreage having a temperature enrichment AT > 1*C was 5% less than that of the acreage found in the field. At low tide the predi~cted acreage with AT > l'c was 0.9% greater than the actual field acreage. The hig'her temperature " contours were in greater error than were the lower ones. This resulted partly from the relatively lower spatial resolution of the field data than the resolution produced in model simulation, and partly from nurr.arical dispersion. The positions of the predicted plumes were nearly coincident with the positions of the measured plumes (e.g. Figures 1 and 2) verifying , the hydraulic program. , since the development of Klausewitz's model a number of modifications have been made to improve calculation speed and accuracy. Errors due to numerical dispersion have been reduced by modifying the heat input algorithm and changing from Klausewitz's explicit scheme to'a semi-implicit scheme developed by Palmer
. (in preparation). Below is an outline of Palmer's approach:
I. Approach A. Hydrodynamic Model
% ~ .
- 1. Explicit; after,Reid and Bodine (1968) i e
;+ ,,
e
)
- a. Coriolis acceleration thrms added to Reid and Bodine's equations
- b. Imposes courant stability requirements (1. e.
AT < AX / T2gD where AT E time step and AXE grid size)
- 2. Blockage program; after Klausewitz (1973)
- 3. Friction
- a. Surface (win:1); after Reid and Bodine '(1968)
- b. Bottoms after Leendertse (1970)
- 4. Local sources and sinks
- a. Tide ,
- 1. Fixed amplitude periodic function *
- 2. M2 tide (12.42 hr. period.)
- b. River - vard able discharge *
- B. Dispersion Model ,
- 1. Semi-implicit (Palmer, 'in preparation); stability requirement less restrictive than Courant condition
+ longer time steps 2.. Diffusion coefficients; after Klausewitz (1973) ,
l
- 3. Iocal sources and sinks ,
- a. Plant inputu
- b. Meteorological exchange ( e. g. solar heating)
- c. Heat budget influence of salt marshes
- d. Heat budget influence of rivers (and Cross -
Florida Bary1 Canal) " II. Current Model Status
)
~
l l
~
e A. Adapted to Crystal River discharge basin B. Adapted to Anclote Anchorage 1 After a 40 hour run using the Anclote Model as a basis for simulation, Palmer's model developed less than 2s error due
, to numerical dispersion. This compares with numerical dispersion errors on the order of los for application of Klausewitz's model at Anclote. These values were determined by calculating initial heat residing in the basin and the total heat input to the system during the 40 hour run minus the heat lost 'to the atmosphere, and the total heat present in the basin after 40 hours. The primary regiona whare accuracy was i=preved usi:.g ralr.ar's r., del were Ome where the higher temperature gradients were found, such as near .
the discharge canal. This was expected since regions of high . gradients (water velocity and heat) near boundaries usually are areas providing' the greatest potential of error due to numerical dispersion. l For the Crystal River Plant the area modeled has been l extended to include the Cross - Florida Barge Canal. This extension provides simulation of the water and heat storage of the canal (see Fig.3) . This will allow us to simulate the natural heat and water input to the dis k e basin from the Cross - Florida Barge Canal during various sta'ges of the tide. ~ l'. The Anclote model is the same computational model as the
' , Crystal River taodel but applied to the estuary adjacent to the Anclot'e River power generating plant.
..e V.
1
. i G- J
e
-)
Using the above modifications, we plan to make a 7aw series of model verification runs for the Crystal River plant and to predict the thermal plume expected from addition of the nuclear unit. These runs are expected to be available in four to six weeks. Verification at Anclote will be made this sumner when the first summer plant operation will occur, since the Anclote model has already been successfully run for summer conditions. e i 0 o
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. e Part It References
).
Klausewitz, R. H., 1973, Diffusion model for a shallow, barricaded estuary, M. ,A. Thesis, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, 71 numb. leaves.- Imedertse, J. J., 1970, A Water - Quality Simulation Model for Well - Mixed Estuaries' and Coastal Seas Vol. I, Principles of Caputation, Rand Corporation, PM - 6220 - RC, February, 1970, 71 pp. Palmer, S. L., A semi-implicit dispersion model for shallow, barricaded estuaries, M'. A. Thesis, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, in preparation.
. Reid, R. O., and B. R. Bodine, 1968. Numerical model for storm surges in Galveston Bay, Journal g the Waterways End Harbors Division, 94 (WWl) , 33-57.
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9
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Part II: Model Calibration and Verification I. Basin Characteristic , A. Bathymetry: reference numbers, 3, 5, 6, 9, 13 and 15. F B. Oyster Bar Heights: reference numbers, 5 and 15. o C. Acrial Photography: reference numbers, 4, 8, and 13.
- 1. Boundary studies
- 2. Salt march studies D. Bottom Types: reference number 15.
II. Calibration:
, A. Oyster Bar Heights: roforence numbers, 5, 11 and 15.
B. Bottom Friction: reference nuraber 15. C. Heat Budget: reference numbers, 7, 8, 10 end 13. III. Variable Inputs
'A . Heat Budget: reference numbers, 7,'8, 10 and 13.
B. Current Surveys: referen'ce numbers, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 16.
- 1. Dye studiis*
- 2. Drogue studies C.. Tidal Surveys reference numbers, 4, 8, 10 and 13.
- 1. Phase lag studies: underway
. 2. Wave speed measurements: underway D. Wind Velocity: data made available by. Florida Power Corporation, but not cited in any particular publications.
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IV. Verification , A. Heat Dudgets reference. numbers, 7, 8, 10 and 13. B. Sallrhity - Temperature Surveys reference numbers, 1, 2, 3,' 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
. C. Current Surveys reference numbers, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 16.
.l. Dye studies
- 2. Drogue studios D. Hydraulics Models reference number 19.'
E. Heat Dispersion liede*1: reference nur:.bor 19. 0 5
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Part II: References
- 1. University of South Florida Research, Florida Power Corporation ,
o Environmental Status Report, April - June, 1970.
- 2. Data Report Number 001, Indcoendent Environmental _ Study
.of Thomal Ef fect of Power Plant Dircharne, by K. L.
Cardor. Florida Power Corporatir.1 Environnental Status Report, July - September, 1970.
- 3. Data Report Number 002, Independent Environmental' Study o_f,f Themal Ef t'cet g Power Plant Discharoc, by K. L.
Carder, Ronald H. Klausewitz, and Frederick C. Schicactor II. , Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, October - December,1970. ,
- 4. Data Report Number 003, Independent Environmental Studg o_f, f Themal Ef fect g Powcr Plant Discharoc, by K. L.
Carder, Ronald H. Klausewitz, and Frederick C. Schlcmmer II. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, January - March, 1971.
- 5. Data Report Number 004, Indeoendent Environmental Study
,o_f, f Themal Effect of Power Plant Dischargo, by K. L.
Carder, Ronald H. Klausewitz, Frederick '. C Schlemmer II. and Bruce A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, April - Juno, 1971.
. 'a
. n_ _
h
. 3
- 6. Data Report Number 005, indenc-ndant Envirormental Study e
of Thomal Effect of Power Plant Discharco, by K. L. Carder, Ronald II. Klausewitz, Steven L. Palmer and
- Bruco A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, July - December, 1971.
- 7. Data Report Number 006, Independent Environmental study of Thomal Effcet of Power Plant Discherce, by K. L.
Carder and Ronald H. Klausewitz. Florida Power Corporation
- Environmental Status Report, January - June,1972.
- 8. Data Report Numht'r 007, Trelenendent Envirc: cnt:1 Study 3f, Themal Ef fect g P_ower Plant Discharoc, by K. L.
Carder, Ronald H.' Klausewitz, and Bruce A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, July - September, 1972. .
- 9. Data Report Number 008, Independent Envirotunental Study of, Themal Effect of Power Plant Dischargo, by K. L.
Carder,. Ronald H. Klausewitz and Bruce A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Environnental Status Report,
' October - March, 1972 - 1973.
- 10. Data Report Number 009, Independent Environmental Study of Thomal Effect of Power Plant Discharhe, by K. L.
)
f- .k$, , -
Carder, Ronald H. Klausewitz pnd Druce A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Envirottacntal Status Report,
~
April - September, 1973. O
. 11. Technical Report Number 1, Prcliminary Results of the Dispersion Model for the Crystal River Power Plant, by Ponald H. Klausewitz. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, April - September, 1973.
- 12. Technical Raport Number 2, Priliminary Data on the nature of Plo*.r in the Area of the Intake Cannel of the Crystal River Power Plaht, by Mendall L. Carder, Ronald II.
Klausewitz and Druce A. Rodgers. Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report, April - September,1973.
- 13. Technical Report Number 3, Natural Heating of f Salt Marsh Waters in the Area of the {rv g River Power Plant, by achald II. klauseWitte $toven L. Palmer, Bruce A.
Rodgers, and kendall L. Carder. Crystal River Power Plant 1:nvironmental Consideration, Final Report to the Interagency Research Advisory Cc:cdttee, October 1974, volume III.
- 14. Technical Rcpert Number 4, Rosultc of Intake Canal, Curront, salinity, Temperature, hud Depth Stu?.y, by Kendall L, s
9 L.
. #I
S Carder, Ronald H. Klausevitz, and Bruco A. Rodgers. 9 February, 1974. Addctdum I to the Second Florida Pouer Corporation Crystal River Envirormental Progress Report to the Federal Interagency Research Advisory Committee, y March 26, 1974.
- 15. Technical Report Number 5, Results on Bathymetry and Bottom M Analysis g the Crystal River Power Plant Discharce Basin, by Bruce A. Rodgers, Rorald H. Klausewitz, and Thomas J. Keller. Crystal River ' Power Plant Environmental Consideration, Fin il Report to the Interagency Research Advisory Coraittee, October 1974. Volume TTT.
~
- 16. Technical Report Number 6, Results on Circulation and Flushing g the Area Immediately Surrounding the Crystal -
River
- Pot:cr Plant Discharce, by Bruce A. Rodgers,
, Ronald H. Klausewitz, and Thomas J. Keller. University of South Florida, Department of Marine Science.
January, 1975.
, 17. Technical Report Number 7, Results o,n, n IoncTshore Drift in the Gulf Coastal faters Adjacent to the Crystal' River Power Plant, by Ronald H. Klausewitz and Bruce A. Rodgers, University of South Florida, Department of Marine Science.
In press.
)
4 Ob
- v. ,
- 18. Technical Report Number 8, Result's on Water' Color Analysis e
of the_Discharoe Basin for the Crystal River Pouer Plant, by Bruce A. Rodgers and Thomas J. Keller. University -
, of South Florida, Department of Marine Science. In press.
- 19. Technical Report Nunber 9, Diffusion Model for_ a Shallou,
- Barricaded Estuary, Ronald 1r. Klausewitz,
~
M.-S. thesis,
. University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, 1973, 71 numbered leaves.
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. I DIFFUSION MODEL FOR A I
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SILU.L0ii, 3A?2ICADED ESTUARY ' !
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by , 1
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'. Ronald Harry KlauseW.itz !
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- , A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the '
requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Marine Science ~
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in The' University of South Florida Thesis supervisor: Dr. Kendall L. Carder r
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CERTIFICATE OF A? PROVAL ! I i !
,I i MASTER'S THESIS
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This is to certify that the Master's Thesis of
.' .e .u Ronald H. Klausewitz '
with a major'in Marine Science has been approved
~
' by the Examining Co=sittee as satisfactory for the thesis requirement for the Master of Arts
,. degree at the convocation of. June 1973. ,
Thesis cor=ritteep 'M ~ - PM i Thesis supervisor ;
;I e! -r 7tA n ll' He=ber 8
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, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE CE?.TIFICATE OF THESIS APPROVAL Submitted by ~
Ronald H. Klausewitz - - e for the degree
' ~
Master of Arts ' i
~
Graduate Coamittee -
'.' Dr. Kendall L. Carder Wb.'$ Wo
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. Advisor _ _ - . Signature
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Committee Member ,
/ Signature / ~, s,.u-e--, rDste .
$7 /f /f73
- .: rDr." Bernard C. R ss Cot =sittee Me=ber
'I / / O'70 /7. /[8 Signature j/' Date ' :. ,
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.Dr. Ronald r'. Baird h
- Com:sittee Member -
Date Academic Department and College Dr. Harold J. Hu~n . A- . m. -w /y7 *!/7 /f73 l
. Chairman, /Signatureg// ' / Date i
. .. Department of Marine Science ,
l
.Dr. Theodore A. Ashford Dean, Signature*
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J 0 Dath
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.- Col lege of Natural Sciences
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TABLE OF CONTENTS i' 1 l Page . t LIST OF FIGU2ES. . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . 5
. . . . . . v i
. 1 INTRODL'CTION . I
. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . s.. . . . . . . . 1 j Problem . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . ."
* . . . . . . . . . 1 f.
PREVIOUS k'ORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 i Model Origins . e
. . . . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 i Errors'in Linearizing . . . ... . . . . ., . . . . .. . . . . 8
- 11 Implicit Solutions.
.. ... ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . 9 2 1
Explicit Solutions. I
. . .. . .. . . . , . .. . . . . . . . . . 10 ' :
{
}.
Diffusion of Conservative and Non-Conservative
- Constituents'. . . ... . . .~ . . . . , . . . . . .. . . . 11 ls Calibration Techniques. . a J
.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 -
(. Easin Shape .'. . . . . ... ... .
- t
)
15
, .. . . . . . . .. . . .. i Botton Friction . . . . ..... .. . . . . i'
(
. .- .. . . . . . . 16 , '
Current Magnitude and Direction .
. . . . . . ... .. . . . . . 16 '
i
'Advection Pattern . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 17 '
. Grid Size and Orientation . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 Assumptions and Limitations .
.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 EXPERD1ENIAL PROGRAM . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~
22 Hydraulic Model Schematization. .. .' S
. . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ;
Blockages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... , 23 -i. Bottom Friccion . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . '. *
. 30 !
Diffusion Model Calculations. . . . . .'. . . . . .
. . . .. 31
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. 9
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, 8,9
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f. l j I RESULTS . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ' 33 I Calculated Results for Crystal River Discharge Basin . . . . 33 . Discussion. . . . . ... . . . . '. . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . 37 I i i* Calibration arid Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 37 .
. t I.
Sourecs of Flou into the Crystal River Discharge easin . . . 50 l 1 Thermal Budget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /. . . . . . 55 ! Further Applications and Usefulness. . . . . . '.. . . . . . 66 f e - Future Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 >
. t
*BIEMOCREN. . . -
. . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . .. . . . . . 69 - li -
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page
- 1. Loc cion.of the Crystal River power discharge basin. .. 2
,2, ' Crystal River power plant discharge basin. . T.. ... 4
- 3. Model grid with oyster bar configuration . , .' . . .... 24
.4. Eathymetry of the Crystal River plant discharge basin.
Depths shown in feet below mean sea level. . . . . . . . . 25
- 5. Blockage subroutine forculation. . . . . . . ...... .
27
- 6. Co-tidal lines on ebb flow without blockages . . . . . . 28
- 7. Co-tidal lines on abb flow with blockages. . ...... 29
- 8. Calculated.isotherns fo: present generating units at ,
high water . . . . .. .... . . . . . . .. ...... 35
- 9. Calculated isother=s for present generating units at .
low water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
=
.0. Currentvectors..fromEodelonebbflow......... .
40
- 11. ' Current vectors fred codel on flood flow . . . . . . . ..
4 '. o -
- 12. Tidal records for field data days '. . . . . ...... .
42
- 13. Field current study at ebb flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43}}