ML19317G441

Environ Rept for Facility,Dtd Feb 1971

ML19317G441
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	01/25/1970
From:	FLORIDA POWER CORP.
To:
References
ENVR-700125, NUDOCS 8003130888
Download: ML19317G441 (43)

Text

{{#Wiki_filter:i 2 .-s l Regula?ory Cy. _ l p.. , v - a2 i \\ Crystal River nit 3 l 1 1 uclear aenerating Plant Environment"al Report ra p o g ("On"" w l' l' i M s i 1 . l'y - ' ;. ^.. ~ '?' y ,,W E, _ l'. ' +. '.' '( \\_ 4.' -j, i ?.y:, h, ;f ' ~ Riv ~ V.f ~ }.Y k%V:W. ' h ;L @ ' fg,, ff. p ". y m '7;.4*- Q >:'

• l y

L .? m - 1 d, .+ .,-,,,y ,..' y A % e 3. g,, _ c .g ~ -TSY 9.y 23 ,,.,s - U,.,f. f.,Lt %p. p/.r;.p: , c.n, y, e-y ' $e g. ; - ; 1 4* n i.c 3 v.g ' ,.,e. V: r (

- 4,pg*'qe

,(.

9

f. '

.. w pp,... 4,,.. g, ? . L '.' ;. '. '. :.g ? v i l _ .w e, y s o ~. Ie 7. #.[... .%:,..R,: .R }. }?., 3 , ..%r 4 ". , 4, 8. Q'L.. ,,,3, ; l }, J _. ' #... } } j \\. _ ( g, e /.. . N_ /: [ [_

)

jl [_ .p. ^._4 -Q .4 y- .. ? ~,.,.. h,.! 3 "}f &.O'M.'.;,,:,'y - 07 ' I.#, [' Q h.Q }l- -1 J &* ^ 4 ' w-et,n . ? l,' "$ A Wl ' g; ; Y: 5 - l , A'

• n; f,,

N r..* a. .y c bt L. [ W. - Q i-4 ~ L; . ~.. v gif.; ..;., t g. ' Q% g ~ v. .g. A ,.k d %y e =g ..., /r.,.: h& : Q< p '.&,

.,, e '5 gt

• g.", p. 4_..

4-4.,, %n.

• 4, *. g l. 'g

'M "+:][,+ 4 - W. m pg d ,./ k ~

n.,

r r-r%; 2 y >. 2 y ,f *~

-gG

'.3 l$ f..y

• / ss.

_y}if?ps 4, f t i * * ' y.. l ? , (. ] Q .f"

~_-

'.' l \\..' 2 . f.. [-fh 9-? w 'N '2 ? ' py...'-L,..' ~ ., T 7, ' ;,  % I (: Y ,i , e.g. . 3 g. g' p,. e w {. '., i... { f ; l- ' [.' . l [ ' \\., ' j 7 N. '; ' q,' : f,,y... Q j " _ ';,, 4,, g4; 7 v' ~- .y ~.-. p .F- ' ' ' ;%t uf 7g y ,7 e- .p y,,.,,~.,; ?}lj ),,l. jj') ' f l . I. V ~ . _ N, l ^ >(Y ?;3 p y( 9'b45 glQqQQ'4 fQ. %}g gy)p?g#% [ gf ff ,, 4.; . jy ' - e.' s...'& Q# p.. , ' +x ? ;. Q ' #* Y Qfu

a -

4gg .. y d"'t g 44. g' y - Q.; E_..? Y y Q.3 6 % Q L. Q c. k. W'.' J. %. $ g., & t y'. & { f :* C y, C :; f % s. 'fi' ' l f i '+ ,.. " -;}._ '

• r,';m

.. Q I_ 7l$ . Q- ,a* h ~.*[Q,: 'j f..,,'. W ~ g i fL _$. R * .s - 't'- " )- h l% _. b; 4 1 J.. ,, -.,.w A' ,. E J., " g \\ ' ;

• b ' '- y y Q

.p j '..a* '

• z'

)' u, e Ty y ' af }l.l,,_, %. J ' tap'.,l } .E y " ~;,% ^, ' g * ? -' .E y h f'I S p- . ['.. f . I 1 e ., J. ..$ 4., t ;** je.p .t %f;g ps y.. .\\g ?.' i,,,j [ t_ r - y.

• y t

,h,, 2

y.,y.., -..

• +g

.,; W = Y. "... _ e s 3,, A F[' ' y,[.. ' _,. r } Q. y_ 3y ,. ' I.. e af. L f ,1 .y r - n - .i* by b . e, m,s' 3 - : e. 4.n. i ,'g-9 . s

• A

' 4...? 1 ^ l.' -,.;: i. 3, 9 ,,. '

• c,c-g '.

'v. 4- . T ..s -r l t. e x 's i. l. '. 5.,.. ( [.9, 9 - [W [' e 9 r .4g

f.,. ' N......

\\ y../ * \\ 1 .. -.-...... l 'b ,4 .3-

- ~:

g v a'M(g.hin x . + s ...,). M M.S * (,"p' . v.. ' M,%,. pn m t..',*g~. *. i .! -Q"3 J ?e,.. ~... y,,(. q y d, ,. 4a. % - W 8 p .?m v u; y=v.;_ y.; ,.3 .' ~. - ?' -. ;KV.. e. w, pe, 3*.; , - T_; q ' . A.*-- g.g. 5 - - r p.. . p. j...j- 'g ,N. ,v = 5 p'.R. /.R~..,( W. - M' A ..'.c ',.... r.... :g J',. 8 .4 a c '[ k :. ';( ' Q

QgQ

,'I.[:'~4 { s - (c. . " p' i, .q, p. .x., p ~ e s. . kh.. .. h.h. g.w[...hh...., ,g %.$ M y, . \\ .c.( kh . - g s

-c di y

hbkhy.b l

99 ys-CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR PLANT UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FEBRUARY 1971

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. INTRODUCTION 1 1. STATEMENT OF PROJECT I II. PURPOSE I B. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 2 1. PROBABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2 a. General 2 b. Water Quality 2 i. Thermal Effects 2 ii. Chemical Releases 3 c. Radiological Effects 4 d. Mechanical Effects - Alterations to the Aquatic Environment 5 e. Physical Presence 5 i. Aesthetics 5 ii. Noise 6 iii. Regional Development 6 iv. Population and Traffic Patterns 6 v. Recreational Land Use 6 vi. Non-Recreational Land Use 7 vii. Archaeology 7 viii. Historical Landmarks 7 ix. Conclusion 7 11. POSSIBLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 8 III. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PLANT 8 a. Not Providing the Power 8 b. Importing Power 8 u c. Alternatives to Nuclear Power Generation 8 d. Possible Cooling Alternatives 9 e. Alternatives to the Site 10 IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG TERM PRODUCTIVITY 10 V. IRRETRIEVABLE AND 1RREVERSIBLE USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT 10 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 10 a. Aquatic Environmental Studies 10 W i

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) Pace i. Fish and Invertebrate Population Study 11 ii. Power Plant Screenwash Sampling 11 iii. Discharge Canal Monitoring Plant Analysis 1I iv. Trace Metals Analysis in Oysters 12 v. Laboratory Experimentation 12 b. Aquatic Thermal Plume Studies 12 i. Initial Survey 12 ii. Oceanographic Data Acquisition System 13 iii. Model Development and Additional Plume Characteristics 13 iv. Temperature Monitoring After Addition of Unit 3 to Crystal River Plant 14 c. Off-site Radiological Survey 14 d. Site Radiological Survey - Ecological Approach 16 e. Meteorology 18 f. General 18 Vll. POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES WHICH WERE INSTITUTED OR WHICH ARE EXPECTED TO BE INSTITUTED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND SUBSEQUENT OPERATION OF THE FACILITY 19 Vill. RECREATIONAL USES OF THE SITE 19 C. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 20 1. DESCRIFTION OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE 20 a. Location and Access 20 b. Site Activities 20 ~~ c. Demography 20 d. Land Use Characteristics 21 e. Geology 21 f. Hydrology and Groundwater 22 i. Hydrology 22 ii. Groundwater 22 g. Meteorology 23 i. Climate 23 ii. Meteorological Extremes and Severe Weather 23 iii. Monitoring Program 24 h. Seismicity 24 s ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) Page II. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT EFFLUENT AND WASTE SYSTE5IS 25 a. Condenser and Equipment Cooling Water 25 i. Condenser Cooling 25 ii. Equipment Cooling - Secondary Plant 25 iii. Equipment Cooling - Nuclear Plant 26 iv. Condenser Cooling Fossil Units I and 2 26 b. Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems 26 i. General 26 ii. Liquid Waste Disposal 27 iii. Gas Waste Disposal 28 iv. Solid Waste Packaging 28 v. Summary 29 c. Miscellaneous Industrial Wastes 29 i. Chemical and Sanitary Wastes 29 ii. Chlorination 30 iii. Decontamination Shower and Laundry Waste 30 III. LICENSES OR PERMITS REQUIRED FROM FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AGENCIES 31 a. Federal 31 b. State of Florida 31 c. Citrus County 31 s .e~-

4. 4

%5a .6 l iii

A. INTRODUCTION 1. STATEMENT OF PROJECT By an application dated August 10, 1967, and eleven amendments thereto, Florida Power Corporation (FPC) has applied to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for licenses to construct and operate a nuclear power plant on a site in Citrus County, Florida to be known as the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 (Docket No. 50-302). FPC has complete responsibility for the engineering, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3. Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will occupy part of an 4,738 acre site located approximately 7-l/2 miles northwest of Crystal River and 70 miles north of Tampa, Flarida. At the present time, FPC operates a 387 megawatt electric fossil-fueled steam generating Unit I and a 510 megawatt electric fossil-fueled Unit 2 at this plant site. Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will employ a pressurized water reactor to be supplied by the Babcock & Wilcox Company and will have an initial gross electrical capacity of 855 megawatts. Gilbert Associates, Inc., has been retained as the Architect-Engineer. The NUS Corporation has been assisting the FPC engineering staff in the area of environmental and other nuclear related matters. The Florida Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services are being supported financially by FPC in the performance of special environmental studies relating to the Crystal River ;ite. The Universities of Florida and South Florida have also been retained under contract to perform certain environmental studies related to the Crystal River site. The application was reviewed by the regulatory staff of the AEC's Division of Reactor Licensing and by the Commission's independent Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, both of which concluded that "the proposed reactor can be constructed at the Crystal River Site with reasonable assurance that it can be operated without undue risk to the health and safety of the public. After a public hearing was conducted by the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, the AEC authorized construction of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 by permit CPPR-51 on September 25, 1968 in Docket 50-302. Construction of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 is scheduled for completion in time for fuel loading to begin about August,1972 for earliest commercial operation by December,1972 and latest commercial operation by June, 1973. 11. PURPOSE This Environmental Report is submitted in response to a request of the AEC Division of Reactor Licensing in its letter dated July 15, 1970 and in compliance with Florida Power Corporation responsibilities under the National Emironmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). This report provides a summary description of the plant's eaviromnental features and an assessment of the plant's environmental impact. As requested by the AEC, this report discusses the emironmental aspects of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 as set forth in Section 102 (c) of the NEPA. Other pertinent information requested by the AEC in its letter is also included. =g 1 J

B. ENVIRON 31 ENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. PROBABLE ENVIRON 5fENTAL IMPACT a. General The Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will have its principal impact on the environment in - the areas listed below. All but the second of these items are common to any large thermal power project. 1. Intake and discharge of cooling water. 2. Controlled release of small amounts of radioactive matter to air and water. 3. Controlled discharge of chemically treated process and sanitary wastes into the water. 4. Physical presence; i.e., structures, traffic, sound. 5. Land use of the site. P The Florida Power Corporation will abide by all applicable State and Federal standhrds related to the protection of the environment. The relationship of the plant to its environment is discussed in general terms below. Detailed descriptions of the site and plant systems are included in Part C of this report, entitled " Background Information." b. Water Quality As stated in the AEC's proposed statements of general policy as published in the Federal I Register on June 3,1970, the Water Quality Improvement Act (WQlA) of 1970 supersedes the morr aneral requirements of NEPA with respect to the water quality aspects of the pro.3 Under the WQlA, FPC is required to provide the AEC with 1 certification from i ' tate of Florida that there is reasonable assurance that the construction cnd operation of Crptal River Plant Unit 3 will be conducted in a manner which will not violate applicable water quality standards. FPC will comply with the requirements of the WQlA. 1. Thermal Effects The operation of the condenser cooling water system is described in Part C, Section 11 of this report. The State of Florida requires that thermal i discharges from the plant should not result in any degradation of the aquatic environment. The Florida Department of Natural Resources has been conducting studies of the effect of Crystal River Plant Units 1 and 2 (Fossil-fueled) operation on the aquatic environment. Studies conducted until now are preliminary in nature and will be used to make continuing evaluations of the facility as it operates in the future. J l L J

r 3 To provide scientific data on the adjacent aquatic environment FPC is supporting additional studies of the local ecology as described in Part B, Section VI. These investigations are currently underway and encompass various physical, chemical, and biological parameters of waters in the Crystal River site area. Post-operational research will examine these same parameters and will continue to determine what effects, if any, have occurred in this area, resulting from the cumulative input of Units 1,2, and-3 to the aquatic environment. It is the contention of FPC that the intake and discharge cf cooling water by Crystal River Plant Unit 3, as well as Units 1 and 2, into the Gulf of hiexico will not adversely affect the fish population and migration patterns, populations of other small aquatic organisms, or any other aspect of the aquatic ecology in the area. The recommendations of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service quoted below from a letter dated February 12, 1968 are to be effected in that FPC will: 1. Cooperate with the Fish and Wildlife Services; the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration; the Florida State Pollution Control Commission and its member agencies which include the r State Board of Conservation, The Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, and the State Board of Health; and other interested State agencies in developing ecological surveys. Initiate these studies at least two years befare reactor operation, and continue on a regular basis or until it has been conclusively L. demonstrated that no significant adverse condition exists. 2. hieet with the above-mentioned Federal and State agencies at intervals to discuss new plans and to evaluate results of existing surveys. 3. hiake such modifications in project structures and operation, including but not limited to facilities for cooling discharge waters, as may be determined necessary by the pre-operational or post-operational surveys to protect the fish and wildlife resources o of the area. ii. Chemical Releases During the operation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3, small amounts of chemicals customar y used in all thermal power plant operations will be released in the plant discharge. These chemicals include chlorine to prevent fouling and corrosion of condenser tubes and the acids and bases for regeneration of demineralizer resins used to maintain the high purity water in the reactor system and other analytical solutions from the chemical laboratory. The liquid volumes associated w%1 the regeneration of demineralizers are collected and processed M arious systems prior to disposal as described in Part C, Sectics. it. Processing of these wastes involves neutralization, filtration, demineralization, and/or evaporation. The liquids discharged from Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will be intermittent and when diluted in the circulating water discharge flow will contain only trace quantities of inorganic salts. 3

e . c.

Radiological Effects The radioactive waste handling facilities for the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 are described in Part C, Section'Il of this report. As described, liquid wastes are processed through filters,' demineralizers, and/or evaporators to reduce the concentration of radioactive g

' constituents such that the activity level will comply with AEC regulations wla.n ' discharged from the plant. The gaseous waste system is designed to provide retention for a minimum of 90 days under normal conditions to permit the decay of radioactive gases prior to filtered release to the environment. Gaseous releases from Unit 3 will be consistent with applicable AEC regulations. Solid wastes wi!) be packaged in appropriate' containers and shipped off-site for disposal at AEC approved storage sites by Department. of Transportation licensed contractors. During - the operation of Unit 3, the raWoactive liquid and gaseous discharge concentrations will be a very small percentage of the tunits as specified in 10 CFR Part 20. The plant operating procedures will be such that radiological releases will be maintained at as low a level as practicable, consistent with safe plant operation. At these low levels, there should be no adverse effects on either the surrounding land or aquatic environments. To provide 'a basis for determining any change in radioactivity levels in the plant site -environment, FPC is providing for an extensive pre-operational program of monitoring radiation levels in the Crystal River site area as described in Part B, Section VI. Samples are taken_ of surface waters, bottom sediments, aquatic biota, air, soil, food crops, milk,~ vegetation, and general background radiation levels. This program will be continued post-operationally to establish changes in radiation levels and/or the degree of environmental effects. Itzis the contention of FPC that no adverse environmental effects will be allowed as a result of Crystal River Plant _ Unit 3 operations and further that the results of the radiological monitoring program will demonstrate this. The recommendations of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service quoted below from a letter dated February 12, 1968, are to be effected in that FPC will: 1. Cooperate with.the Fish and Wildlife Service; the Federal Water Quality t ' Administration; the Florida State Pollution Control Commission and its member agencies, which -include the State Board of Conservation, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, and the State Board ~ of Health; and other interested State agencies in developing plans for radiological surveys. 2. Conduct pre-operational radiological surveys, including studies of selecte1 organisms indigenous to the area that concentrate and store radioactive isotopes, and of the environment including water and sediment samples; and studies to determine current velocities, patterns and temperatures at - various depths. 3. Prepare a report of the pre-operational radiological survey, and provide five copies to the Secretary of the Interior for evaluation prior to project operation. m w 4

4. Make modifications in eoject structures and operations to reduce the discharge of radioactive wastes to acceptable levels if it is determined in .the pre-operational or post-operational surveys that the release of radioactive effluents permitted under Title 10, Part 20, Code of Federal Regulations, would result in harmful concentrations of radioactivity in fish and wildlife. 5. Conduct post-radiological surveys, similar to those specified in recommendation 2 above, analyze the data, and prepare and submit reports every six months thereafter or until it has been conclusively demonstr'ited that no significant adverse conditions exist. Submit five copies of these reports to the Secretary of the Interior for distribution to the appropriate State and Federal agencies for evaluation. d. Mechanical Effects-Alterations to the Aquatic EnWonment The construction of the extensions to the intake an .scharge canals with associated structures for the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will result in a temporary disruption of the aquatic environment in the immediate vicinity of this activity. The intake and discharge canals will require mmor extensions of 545 feet and 565 feet respectively, r each inland from their points of junction with the Unit I condenser intake and discharge. The discharge canal will be widened an additional 50 feet from a point at the bulkhead line inland toward the plant a distance of 7500 feet. Dredged spoil material will be placed on land. The effect on the aquatic environment will be limited due to the short duration of the construction activity and the procedures using all land based digging equipment. The cooling water intake structure is provided with mechanical trash rakes with four inch vertical bar spacings operating between a four inch spaced vertical bar trash rack. Behind this system is a traveling screen with 3/8 inch square screen openings. These screens, combined with a low inlet velocity of less than one fps, remove the possibility of fish and large crustaceans being drawn into the cooling water intake. This design has been used exclusively in all past steam electric plants of FPC with total success. e. Physical Presence i. Aesthetics + Crystal Ri,er Plant Unit 3 occupies an area of FPC's existing site. Prior i to construction, the site was primarily composed of marshland and low-lying areas, scattered with a variety of vegetation ranging from swamp grass to heavily wooded areas. As shown in Exhibit 1, an architectural rendering of the installation, the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 employs a 1 clean, functional design. Because of the lack of bulk fuel storage and handling facilities, Crystal River Plant Unit 3 presents an improved appearance when compared with the existing fossil fueled units. l The transmission lines from Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will utilize the existing transmission corridor and therefore will cause no additional visual impact on the landscape. %me 5 %4 i

p ii. Noise The typical sounds from traffic, heavy equipment, and work accompanying a large construction project would be produced during a period of approximately five years. There are no residents within three miles of the plant site, thus no audible construction or operational disturbances will reach these areas. Operating nuclear power plants are relatively noise free so that only minor noise would be expected from the operation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3. iii. Regional Development The area in the vicinity of the site is primarily agricultural. There is no known conflict between the land use of this site and any regional development plan. The site has been used in an industrial application since Crystal River Plant Unit I went into commercial operation in 1966. The Crystal River Site lends itself to facility expansion, however, FPC has no present plans for further power development of this site in this decade. iv. Population and Traffic Patterns The Crystal River site is located in an area of low population density approximately four miles from any paved public highway. Operation of a nuclear power phnt requires a relatively small plant operating force. These additional people will create no significant change in population trends or character of activities in the immediate area. While the plant is being constructed, a substantial temporary work force is required at the site which is typical of any large construction project. These people do create temporary (1/2-1 hr twice daily) traffic congestion at the time of shift changes at the intersection of U.S. Highway 19 and the plant entrance road. v. Recreational Land Use The land surrounding the site is classified agricultural and primarily devoted to cattle and timber. The streams in the Crystal River area are used for pleasure boating, sport fishing, and other recreational activities, However, due to its remote location, character of the shore line, and low population density, the Crystal River site itself has only marginal (from shore) recreational value. Since Crystal River Plant Units I and 2 have commenced operation, winter sport fishing in the plant canal waters has been enhanced. It is FPC's contention that the installation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will not adversely affect the recreational uses of this area. 6 L

s vi. Non-Recreational Land Use The land in the vicinity of the site is typical Florida hammock and woodland. Springs, lakes, and ponds exist in this section of Florida with the primary use being water supply for cattle and the recreational uses noted above. Water for all public supplies in the area of Crystal River, and most of the water used by municipalities and industries in the area of the Withlacoochee River are obtained from wells drilled in the Floridan Aquifer several miles inland east of the plant. Public water supplies are not affected by water, surface, or underground which has originated or passed through the site aree. ~ The operation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will not permanently effect land use activities in this area. - vii. Archaeology Archaeological activities at the Crystal River site were conducted by r scientists of the Florida State Museum, associated with the University of Florida at Gainesville, during the latter part of 1969. The Florida Power Corporation has given its cooperation and support to the paleontological salvage excavations at the Crystal River site for the purpose of recovering i' such paleontological relics, as a giant sloth, mastodon, beaver, llama and other equally massive creatures dating back 10,000 to 100,000 years. viii. Historical Landmarks The general area of the Crystal River site has been examined for the presence of historic landmarks in accordance with the requirements of the Historic Preservation Act. There are no historical landmarks listed in the National Register of Historic Places within 50 miles of the Crystal River Plant site. The nearest official State listed historic landmark is the Crystal River Historic Memorial Museum located approximately four miles south of the j site. Construction and operation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will in no way interfere with this landmark. ix. Conclusion It is the conclusion of FPC that the physical presence of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will have no permanent adverse effect on the land use of the surrounding area. P 7 s i

e IL POSSIBLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS The Federal and State regulations applicable to the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 are designed to protect and enhance the environment Unit 3 is designed and constructed to comply with and will continue to comply with such regulations. No adverse environmental effects are expected to result from the operation of Unit 3. 'If, however, any adverse effects attributable to the operation of Umt 3 were to become evident, as determined by the environmental monitoring programs discussed previously, appropriate corrective action will be initiated by FPC. III. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PLANT 4 a. Not Providing the Power The public service laws of the State of Florida, under which FPC operates as a public '~ utility, require that FPC supply quality electric service in the quantity required by its customers. Because of the lead times necessary in the planning and construction of any major power facility, FPC has no option but to base its generation expansion programs on long range electrical load demand forecasts. In order to maintain its required reasonable reserve, it is essential that additional generating facilities be timed r to oprate ahead of the increasing load demand to the minimal extent of the reserve requirement. Electric power users in the FPC system have not, to date, been subjected to any major power interruption and/or voltage reduction - as a result of insufficient generating reserve. As a matter of a continuing effort to provide adequate and reliable electric service with the necessary reserve :apacity, FPC has no option but to make firm provisions for this additional generating capability. It is this requirement which the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 raust satisfy. b. Importing Power Purchasing power from other utilities in the amounts necessary to satisfy, or even L. partially satisfy, the need for the C ystal River Plant Unit 3 is not a practical alternative because: (1) the utility systems upon which FPC might conceivably draw for such a purpose are at least equally hard pressed, themselves, to stay abreast of their system demands; (2) purchased power is _ uneconomical - priced at the suppliers top cost increment; and ' (3) oi pnysical transmission limitations. FPC cooperates with neighboring electric utilities for the interchange of power under emergency and other i temporary conditions such as forced outages on generating equipment. L c. Alternatives to Nuclear Power Generation The only reasonable alternative to nuclear-fueled power generation at the Crystal River m Plant is fossil-fueled power generation in a similarly sized central station power plant. Hydroelectric plants in peninsule Florida are not physically feasible for the production of electricity in the quantities to match the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 due to the lack of suitable river flews and elesations for water impoundment. he w 8 r %s u

r 1. i Of the fossil-fueled generation alternatives, natural gas, although the best fossil fuel from an environmental standpoint, cannot today provide fuel for any additional generating capability due to its lack of availability. Residual oil fuels (either regular or low sulfur content) are difficult and/or impossible to obtain in sufficient quantities to assure meeting the increasing demand. Coat of adequate quality is difficult to obtain and expensive in Florida as well as having inherent greater impact on the environment. It is concluded that, from an environmental impact point of view, a nuclear power plant is the most favorable alternative for FPC and for Florida. d. Possible Cooling Alternatives Steam-electric generating plants require large quantities of water in the plant condensers for the condensing of steam. The joint use of intake and discharge canals by the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 and the two existing fossil units is the means for using the Gulf of Mexico as the source of cooling water and as the receiving body for water discharged from the plant. Several cooling alternatives at the Crystal River Site are dilution, the use of evaporative [ cooling towers, and cooling ponds. Fresh water in the quantities required for a closed system of cooling is not available. Any means of cooling water discharge and subsequent t dispersion of waste heat must necessarily include salt water. At present, there are no wet cooling tower installations which use salt water as makeup of the size needed t to cool a plant such as Crystal River Plant Unit 3. The basic reasons for this are the enormous amounts of salt and salt spray which would be released to the surrounding area due to the tower operation and the extensive corrosion and contamination problems which would result. Impoundments created for either salt or fresh water cooling could upset the delicate balance of the fresh-sea water interface of the tidal coastal area and close off several thousand acres of marshland. Dilution of the heated [ salt water from the plant condensers is a possible means of lowering temperature increases, but at the same time this will disperse heated water over a wider area and increase water velocity thru the area affected by such a discharge. The use of dry cooling towers as a means of releasing heat diree ; to the atmosphere d does not appear feasible due to the undeveloped technology, enormous cost involved { and undesirable aesthetic considerations. The 'once-through cooling water scheme used for the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 is presently being employed at the Crystal River site. Unit I has been in service since L 1966 and Unit 2 since 1969. The only other reasonable cooling alternative for the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 is dilution of the heated water discharge as discussed previously. There is little indication at this time that dilution is a worthwhile addition to Unit 3. However, this alternative is possible at a later date after Unit 3 operation, should environmental studies indicate need. u-L_ 9 I u

e. Alternatives to the Site In the course of selecting a site for the Crystal River Plant Unit 3, FPC considered twenty-four different locations. The list of sites was narrowed to six locations for more intensive study. The Crystal River site was chosen after considering such factors as water, handling of bulk fuel supply, availability of cooling water, transmission capability, planning, service area growth pattern, nuclear plant criteria, and environmental considerations. IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT TER31 USES OF 31AN'S ENVIRON 5 TENT AND ENHANCE 31ENT OF LONG TER31 PRODUCTIVITY Maintaining man's long term productivity requires that an adequate supply of electricity be available to promote the health, welfare, safety, and economy of the residents of the State of Florida. To this end FPC has committed the short term use of our environment and natural resources. The local short term effects on the environment would be those associated with the construction of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 and once in operation, those associated with thermal and low level radioactivity releases from the plant. In order to provide assurance that the local short term effects from the operation of Crystal River Plant Unit 3 do not lead to long term detrimental effects on the environment, FPC has established its environme) I program discussed in Part B, Section VI. Continuous action will be taken to protect and ensure the long tenn productivity of the environment in the vicinity of this plant. The Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will, by such local short term use of the environmental resources, cause no signiiicant decrease in the long term productivity of the area surrounding the plant but instead enhance the long term total productivity. V. IRRETRIEVABLE AND IRREVERSIBLE USES OF THE ENVIRON 51ENT The construction and operation of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 willinvolve the commitment and use of the following natural resources: (a) land; (b) air; (c) water; (d) materials d construction; (e) nuclear fuel. The only resource that may truly be considered irretrievable or lost for the use by future generations is the portion of the nuclear fuel consumed during plant operations. The operation of the plant will require the short time use of certain amounts of air and water, however, these resources will still be available for other types of activities for both present and future generations. Since H useful life of a nuclear power plant of the Crystal River u type is expected to be in excess of 40 years, the ultimate disposition of the plant buildings and equipment cannot be predicted at this time. It should, therefore, be assumed that both land and construction materials are irreversibly committed to power generation. The commitment of this site for the generation of electricity for an indefinite period should not be considered as a loss o' resources today but one of productive use for future generations. VI. ENVIRON 5tENTAL STUDIES s_ a. Aquatic Environmental Studies A study of the effects of heated water discharged from the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 was begun in January,1969. This study, consisting of marine organism sampling, marine growth rates, and subsequent analysis of changes and effects on the aquatic w \\ ~ 10 l L

P' r environment, is being conducted by the Florida Department of Natural Resources. i Special laboratory studies of heated water effects on special members of the me:ine ecosystem (primarily oysters) are taking place in this effort at the Marine Research 1.aboratory of the Florida Department of Natural Resources in St. Petersburg, Florida. This research program consists of the following general categories of work: ~ i. Fish and Invertebrate Population Study Trawling (sampling) takes place at a frequency of once a month at twenty-one stations in the Gulf of Mexico varying from the near vicinity of the discharge canal to well away from the influence of the power plant complex. The fish and major invertebrates are identified, appropriat? i parameters measured, and catalogued for analysis. This technique providec the information necessary to detect changes in age and growth, species composition, spawning and other characteristics. All benthic algae, unidentified fish, and invertebrates are preserved for later study. At each of the twenty-one trawl stations, and at certain locations in the discharge canal, surface and bottom temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen are determined during each sampling period. ii. Power Plant Screenwash Sampling Condenser intake water from the Gulf of Mexico is filtered with a series of screens and rakes to prevent relatively large sized solid material, including marine life, from passing to and through the condensers. The design of these systems in three units at the Crystal River Plant allows rather complete sampling of that material stopped by this system. Once a month, a twenty-four hour sample is taken with a six-foot long bag net. This procedure represents another technique for determining area marine population distributions. iii. Discharge Canal Monitoring Plant Analysis Five steel pipe structures are Iscated in the discharge canal at approximately 500 yard intervals proceeding from the Crystal River Plant cooling water outfalls into the Gulf of Mexico. From each structure is L suspended: (1) Oyster Strings - provided for the purpose of measuring oyster growth and attachment characteristics in the influence of power plant heated water. The oyster strings consist of plastic clothes line hanging vertically tovfard the discharge canal bottom attached with alternating dead oyster shells and pieces of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tubing. (2) Fish llolding Pens - provided for the purpose of continuously exposing various fishes such as pin fish to the heated water from 1 the plants. The pens are constructed of standard gauge galvanized cloth.- 11 i s

E ~ p .i (3) Oyster Baskets provided for the purpose of studying oyster viability and growth under the influence of heated water from the plants. The baskets are constructed of chicken wire. _iv.. Trace Metals Analysis in Oysters [ Oyster meats are analyzed for copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, ~ '. zinc, and iron.' Sampling stations are located in the intake and discharge canals. v. Laboratory Experimentation Oysters are subjecte' d to various perturbations of the natural marine y environment including changes in temperature, salinity, light, oxygen 4 content, parasites, chemical contaminants, and certain combinations of these. -All aspects of the oyster are analyzed carefully for physiological F changes.. Similar experimentation with other aquati: soecies such as shrimp will _ be performed. The combined efforts of on-site investigation and supporting laboratory work by the Florida Department of Natural Resources will continue after the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 goes into commercial operation, until there is sound and complete understanding of the heated water effect on the marine environment. Any determination of undesirable or degrading effects on the environment from plant heated water discharge i. will be accompanied by cooperation from FPC in initiating suitable and acceptable corrective action. b. Aquatic Thermal Plume Studies Detailed understanding of the physical characteristics and extent ofinfluence of heated water discharges from the Crystal River Plant under varying seasonal, tidal, meteorological, and other natural conditions is required for the proper evaluation of both the aquatic and radiological environmental studies. The Marine Science Institute of the University of South Florida began an in-depth research study of the heated water discharge plume characteristics at the Crystal River Plant in May of 1970. The objectives of this program are to document the size and position of thermal plumes with respect to time and also to develop a theoretical model of the plume which -{ will accurately respond to simulated environmental conditions. Earlier modeling and . thermal photographic mapping was considered insufficient to the total understanding of the plant heated water discharge geographical characteristics. Details of the thermal I. plume research program at the Crystal River site, are as follows: i.~ Initial Survey .In June,1970, a survey was made of the physical location and extent of an existing thermal plume. This survey included temperature and salinity measurements in three dime.nsions in order to obtain the density field ' of the plume and the' surrounding waters. The survey was taken 'of Units 1 and 2 during periods of maximum thermal output and during high and low tide conditions in order to establish the extent of the plume and an appropriate measurement grid spacing to be used for future surveys. These preliminary measurements were made with portable instrumentation a via a small power boat. Future temperature measurements will be made via the Oceanographic Data Acquisition System. 12 y

r ii. Oceanographic Data Acquisition System The Oceanographic Data Acquisition System (ODAS) utilizes a series of 12 to 15 sonic bueys anchored in the vicinity of the heated water discharge. The buoys can be repositioned or moved to a different environmental location when necessary. Each buoy is capable of accurately monitoring water temperature at various depths at its location. The information is transmitted automatically by radio signal to a central shore station at any desired frequency of time for immediate compilation and. analysis. ODAS will provide automatic monitoring of the physical extent of the discharge plume. In addition, this system will provide (a) permanent temperature records, (b) minimum lag between data acquisition and display, (c) instantaneous plume location sensing for correlation with other physical measurements, and (d) fixed data - acquisition stations for L additional physical measurements (optical, particle, salinity, chemical, etc.). iii. Model Development and Additional Plume Characteristics in order to better understand the dispersion characteristics of heated discharges at the Crystal River site, a mathematical model will be developed which will be used to accurately predict the effects of the plume on various environmental conditions as well as predicting the effects of adding thermal i generating units to the facility. To develop this theoretical model will require the collection and analysis of meteorological, ocean current, tidal, salinity, and temperature data. The plume characteristics to be investigated are as follows: (1) Diffusion studies and flushing rates (a) Water Temperature (b) Water Salinity (c) Water Density L (d) Water Currents (e) Water Turbidity (f) Water Wave Heights (turbulence generators) (2) Optics (a) Water color (b) Light scattering by suspended particles (c) Particle size analysis (d) Light attenuation by water turbidity E 13 w 'w-y

(3) - Bottom Spectral Irradiance iv. Temperature Monitoring After Addition of Unit 3 to Crystal River Plant (1) Check predicted model by temperature monitoring P -(2) Modify model (3) Predict - future location and extent of plume under various environmental conditions The specific goals of this effort are to (1) provide detailed infctmation of the plume extent to all Crystal River Plant ecology researchers for better execution of their programs (2) predict with accuracy the changes and ultimate geographic extent of .the thermal plume by addition of Crystal River Plant Unit 3, prior to its commercial operation (3) through modeling techniques generate the capability to analyze various other potential sites for power plants as to the extent of heated water from proposed i plants, prior to site selection. This program will be continued after Crystal River Plant Unit 3 goes into commercial operation, and thereafter as needed by the other r research programs. . c. Off-site Radiological Survey The State of Florida, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Division of Health, Radiological Health Section initiated a preoperational survey of radioactivity 'in the Crystal River environment in May of 1969. This effort is concentrating its radiological monitoring efforts from near the Crystal River Plant site boundary to tbout 30 miles from the plant. The types of samples and analyses are listed below: Terrestrial Vegetation . Silage Palmeto leaves Spanish bayonnet Roughage - Corn Squash Castor bean. Okra Sugar cane Tomatoes Orange Grap? fruit Malanga (Cuban Dry feed Hay j potatoes) L Leafy vegetation Citrus Millet Sunflower White ' potatoes - Sedge i Bermuda grass Green beans Mushroom Collard greens Lemon Grass Cabbage palm leaves Spanish moss Castor bean-bean Elderberry Sweet potatoes Sorghum - Strawgrass Papaya Lime Aquatic Vegetation Sawgrass - Aquatic vegetation Seaweed Mermaid's cup ~ Merman's shaving -Halimeda incrassata Caulerpa sp. ' brush-Caulerpa racemosa Galaxaura sp. Mangrove leaves - Batophora oerstrdi Turtle grass Sargassum

pteropleuron Dasya _ sp.

e 14 n

I' Fish and Shellfish Oysters Snook Mangrove snapper Fish Lobster (spiny) Mullet Barracuda Redfish Shrimp Crayfish Speckled trout Pinfish Crab (blue) Miscellaneous I Milk Surface water Standards Seawater Precipitation Silt Racoon meat Well water Soil Minerals Air sampler filters Sponge Deer meat SAMPLE ANALYSIS 1. All water samples will be analyzed for tritium (113) utilizing liquid scintillation techniques. A gross alpha and beta deter.. 'aation will be made of dissolved solids and of undissolved solids in water. ii. Radioshemical separation of Strontium 89 and Strontium 90 in milk with determination of levels per liter. iii. Gamma spectroscopy of milk samples for Cesium 137, Iodine 131, Barium 140 and Potassium 40. iv. Radiochemical separation of Cobalt 58, Cobalt 60 and Iron 55 with determination of levels. Analysis of Strontium 90 and Phosphorous 32 in selected seafood samples v. by liquid scintillation techniques. vi. Gamma analysis by spectroscopy of all media for the following nuclides: Cerium 144 lodine 131 Ruthenium 106 Cesium 137 Zirconium 95 Manganese 54 Zinc 65 Barium 140 Potassium 40 This program is expected to continue throughout.he life of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3. Any undesirable effects of radioactivity discharges from the plant will result in suitable and reasonable corrective action. h h# 15

e d. Site Radiological Survey - Ecological Approach The University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering began an extensive study of the Crystal River radiological environment in September,1970. The study is concentrating on the Crystal River site and nearby environs, and is intended to mutually overlap with the State of Florida offsite survey.. The objectives of this program are as follows: (1) To gather extensive and accurate information on the pre-operational levels of radiation and radioactivity existing in the environment. This information is essential in interpreting the operational surveys after the start-up of Crystal River Plant Unit 3. (2) To obtain information on the critical nuclides, critical pathways and critical biological groups asmciated with uptake of radioactivity into r the human food chain. This information is to be used in designing the operational survey. It will also provide a basis from which project personnel can interpret the results in terms of the actual or potential exposure to man. (3) To the extent possible, estimate exposure levels. (4) To test and exercise the methods and procedures that will be used in later operational radiological surveys. (5) To gather baseline data that will provide a basis for comparison with future levels of radioactivity in the environment. (6) To provide FPC with experience, training, and confidence in the area of environmental monitoring. The radiological survey at the Crystal River site utilizes an ecological approach l developed at the University of Florida.1 Basically, in this approach certain nuclides l and pathways are established to be critical mechanisms through which released radionuclides may cause exposure to plant life, animals, and ultimately man. Specifically, the objectives of the radiological survey will be attained using the principles of ecological systems analysis. In this analysis, the ecosystem is resolved into defined compartments and pathways through which energy flows and material is cycled. In terms of element cycling, the analysis is mathematically rigorous and is limited only f by the level of sophistication in field sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. The rigor results from the precise mathematical functions which describe compartment and pathway dynamics. 1 i 1. "An Ecological Approach to Environmental Surveillance" presented at the Health Physics Society Midyear Symposium in November,1970 in Idaho Falls, Idaho. 16 9 -c

I k Ecologists, by studying ecosystems, attempt to elucidate the relationships existing among organisms and their environment. The non-living or abiotic components of an ecosystem consist of various elements along with and in combinations as compounds. Living components of an ecosystem may be placed into seven groups which are determined on the basis of eating habits. All complete ecosystems, be they terrestrial, aquatic or marine, have organisms which are shown in the diagram below: Granivores lierbivores Producers I Abiotic Omnivores Carnivores Resources ( 1, 2 and 3 y v, p Detritivores Decomposers There are three principal ecosystems in the vicinity of the Crystal River site. The 1-marine ecosystem will be defined as that portion of the gulf which comes under the influence of the discharge and intake of the cooling water. The second ecosystem is terrestrial, located in the land areas around the Crystal River site. This ecosystem will be analyzed by watershed areas. In between these two ecosystems lies a third which will be called the marshland ecosystem. Marshlands form an interface between the marine and terrestrial environments. Here many of the important coupling pathways occur. For the radiological survey, the food-chain concept is particularly pertinent, due to the phenomena of biological concentration. The water birds and other occasionally marine-feeding birds, animals, and numerous invertebrates are able to exist in both primary ecosystems. Organisms to be sampled will be selected because they comprise a link in the food chain which ultimately leads to man. The diet of each organism, l directly fed upon by man, will be considered. Should that diet be living, the diet L. of that organism is likewise considered, and so on down the food chain until the green plants or primary producers are reached. The mixing of food webs (in the salt marsh) which have their origins in contiguous ecosystems will be given special attention. In def' ing ecosystem components to be investigated in the site radiological survey, m the following aspects will be considered: s IL 17

Et n - (1) The location and age distribution of. potentially-exposed groups. (2) Dietary habits; especially foodstuffs peculiar to the area or exported ~ from the area. (3) Special occupation.il habits, such as fishing. (4) The ecological foodwebs that exist in nature that may lead to biological concentration of nuclides in certain foods. r -(5) The nue' des to be released, their activity, their physical and j chemical form, and the method and route of release. (6). The existing or expected presence of these nuclides from other sources. ~ (7) The behavior of the released nuclides in the environment. (8) Natural features of the environment which affect the behavior of. r released nuclides,~ e.g., climate, topography, pedology, geology, hydrology, and hydrography, and vegetative cover. ~ 9) Man-made features of the environment which affect the behavior ( of released nuclides, e.g., reservoirs, regulated streams or rivers and harbor installations. F (10) The utilization of the environment for agriculture, fisheries, water f and. food supplies, industry and recreation. This research program will continue after Crystal River Plant Unit 3 goes into i commercial operation and until suitable understanding of radioactivity in the Crystal River environment-is obtained. e. Meteorology A weather station was installed on the Crystal River site in August,1968 at a height - of 150 feet. The system includes a wind. variance computer and resulting data has been used in all aspects of. nuclear plant. safety analysis. In July,1970 a second ^ station was installed on the same tower at the 30 foot height in order to verify that meteorology at the two heights is similar and that any variations are understood. Tids weather data ~ are being distributed to the other environmental researchers as a requirement of their program activity. The program will continue indefinitely. f. General In each of these studies, particularly those by the universities, technical publication - of research activities and results is encouraged. Faculty member participants and graduate' students may use any data collected for scholarly publications. Student e l 9 L L I' ?~. l 18 4 s

involvement is greatly encouraged so that future leaders will have a more thorough understanding of the ecology and the means to solve related problems. Nine graduate student assistantships are an important part of these research activities. Semi-annual meetings are being held so that the researchers, regulators, and FPC can review, discuss, and refine the total ecological effort at the Crystal River Plant in the spirit of the " Fish and Wildlife" letter, program goals and ability of the total effort to provide _ necessary answers to the environmental concerns. Vll. POLLUTION CONTROL SIEASURES WHICH WERE INSTITUTED OR WHICH ARE EXPECTED TO BE INSTITUTED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND SUBSEQUENT OPERATION OF THE FACILITY During the construction of Crystal River Plant Unit 3, portable septic systems will be used to control sanitary waste. Excavated and dredged material from the extension of the intake and discharge canals will be deposited on land owned by FPC. During operation of the plant, radioactive, chemical, and sanitary wastes will be treated and disposed of as described in Part C, Section II. The design and operation of these waste systems will reduce to a minimum the amount of pollutants released to the environment. t Vill. RECREATIONAL USES OF THE SITE The Crystal River site is located in a remote rural region with a very low population density and consequently is considered to have only marginal recreation potential. Should local interest develop for enhancing the recreational use of this general area, FPC will cooperate with interested local and/or state agencies. k 19

C. BACKGROUND INFORhlATION I. DESCRIPTION OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE a. Location and Access The site of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3 is located on the Gulf of hiexico approximately 71/2 miles northwest of the Crystal River and 70 miles north of Tampa in Citrus County, Florida. The site is situated between the mouths of the Withlacoochee and Crystal Rivers and is primarily composed of salt water marshland and low-lying areas scattered with a variety of vegetation from saw grass to heavily wooded hammock. Its location with respect to the surrounding topography is indicated on Exhibit 2. The site coordinates are approximately 28 57' north latitude and 820 42' west longitude. An aerial view of the site showing the location of plant buildings and the character l of the immediate surroundings is shown on Exhibit 3. The site property consists of 4,738 acres owned and controlled by the Florida Power Corporation including a 1/4 mile wide access strip, provided for railroad, road and transmission line right-of-way which extends from the plant to U. S. Ilighway No.19. The access strip is crossed by Old U. S. liighway 19 at a distance of 951 feet west of U. S. No.19 and 2,224 feet east of the plant guardhouse and entrance. The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Co. serves the Crystal River site over land and on tracks owned by the Florida Power Corporatior. Barge access to the site is accomplished via the intake canal from the Golf of hiexico. F b. Site Activities At present, the Florida Power Corporation operates a 387 51We fossil fueled generating Unit I and a 510 h1We fossil fueled Unit 2 at the Crystal River Plant site. These plants are presently staffed with 78 people. A spur railroad track connects with the FPC track approximately 31/2 miles east of the plant to serve a small dolomite mining and processing operation located approximately 4 miles east of the plant. Site activities are under the ownership control of the Florida Power Corporation. c. Demography ..I The Crystal River site is located in a region of very low population density. Exhibit 4 shows estimates of the 1967, and projected (2015) population in 16 (22-1/2 degree) sectors for 0 - 5 and 0 - 50 miles radii around the site. The population distribution within 5 miles is mainly in the northeast quadrant with no known residents within a 3-1/2 mile radius. A large portion of the land between the north bettndary of the site and the Cross State Barge Canal is under lease to a pulp and paper producer for use as a tree farm until the year 2002. The area within 3 miles south and east of the site is mostly woodland, uninhabited and is expected to remain so through 2015. m. 20 t m.

V The nearest population center of 25,000 or more is Gainesville which is located 55 miles nor:h northeast of the site. Population centers of 25,000 or more within 100 miles of the site are tabu'e -i beloc with their corresponding 1970 census population: '^ Dista..ce (miles) Population From 1970 Preliminary Center Crystal River Site Census Population Gainesville 55 63,818 Clearwater 73 50,787 Tampa 75 277,767 Lakeland 82 41,146 St. Petersburg 87 213,189 Orlando 88 97,500 Daytona Beach 100 45,327 5 d. Land Use Characteristics v. The area in the vicinity of the Crystal River siteis classed as agricultural. Currently, more than 90 percent of the area is devoted to agriculture, primarily cattle and timber. Little of the available land is involved in crop production. Woodland constitutes 59 percent of the total acreage surrounding the site and improved pasture and range i constitutes slightly less than 20 percent. A major part of the woodland is also used for grazing. r e. Geology The Crystal River area is one of very low relief (originally two to five feet above mean sea level) and is located within the Terraced Coastal Lowlands of the Coastal Plain of West Florida. The upper 3 to 5 feet beneath the present ground surface consists' of surface fill. Below the surface fill is a layer of natural soil cover of variable thickness but averaging approximately 4 feet and censists of recent deposits of thinly laminated organic sandy silts and clays interspersed with a Pleistocene marine deposit known as the Pamlico Terrace Formation. Beneath these soils is the residual limy soil unit derived from the decomposition of the underlying bedrock. No faulting ccurs at the plant site. The nearest faulting has been mapped 3 miles to the east of the site by the Florida Geologic Survey. ~. Solution of limestone has occurred within the Inglis Formation, along fractures (joints), and in parucular at bedding-plane-fracture intersections, forming a network of essentially /ertical solution channels which have been secondarily infilled with very fine quartz sands, organic silts and clays, and shells. These channels have been closed by the grouting process employed at the site; thus, decreasing the permeability of the rock mass and thereby reducing the exposure of the limestone to potential solvent groundwater. 21

i-f Hydrology and Groundwater Hydrology i The major streams in' the general vicinity of the site are the Withlacoochee River and the Crystal River. The Withlacoochee is the larger stream, having a drainage area at its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico of approximately 2,000 square miles. The discharge of the Withlacoochee due to rain runoff is augmented by a base flow of groundwater runoff and artesian spring discharges. The Crystal River is much smaller than the Withlacoochee River, with its major discharge consisting of artesian spring discharges. The plant site is located on the Gulf of Mexico approximately 4.8 miles southeast of the mouth of the Withlacoochee and about 2.2 miles north of of the mouth of the Crystal River. The average flow of the Withlacoochee River at its mouth is approximately 1820 cfs, with a maximum and minimum flow of 9,130 cfs and 830 cfs, respectively. The average flow of the Crystal River is approximately 600 cfs. The natural stream Dows in the vicinity of the plant site have a high mineral content. The Withlacoochee River is regular in its flow chaucteristics, as evidenced by the following summary of recorded data taken at the gaging station near Holder, where the drainage area is 1,710 square miles. Minimum daily flow 113 cfs Average annual discharge 1,170 cfs ~, Average runoff per square mile 0.68 cfs Mean annual flood 3,500 cfs Maximum flood of record 8,640 cfs .i The river has' a high base runoff from storage in lakes, ponds, swamps, and spring discharges from underground aquifers. Considering the magnitudes of stream flows involved, both on a low-flow and flood basis, the streams in the vicinity will have little, if any, effect upon the site. ii. Groundwater T I l L The site is located in.an area on the west coast of Florida where groundwater exists under water table conditions, as opposed to quite j general artesian conditions throughout most of the state. The groundwater table occurs at a depth of approximately 8 to 9 feet below ground surface in the area investigated, or at a plant elevation of approximately 90 feet (mean low water 88 feet). Groundwater levels observed in drill holes were recorded to rise approximately 1.5 feet at peaks of high tides. Differential lags in groundwater fluctuations in drill holes in response to tidal changes indicate variable transmissibilities of the limestone.

7. 7

,~ l Ifigh interstitial or primary permeabilities as determined by laboratory testing, which are augmented by vertical jointing of limestone, permits consideration that infiltration of surface water into the groundwater table will occur almost instantly. After infiltration, a westward sloping hydraulic gradient exists so that site originated waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico. g. Meteorology 4 i. Climate The climate in the region of the Crystal River Plant site is subtropical, characterized by relatively dry winters, rainy summers, high humidity, a high annual percentage of sunshine and a long growing season. The frost-free growing season is in excess of 320 days per year. Rainfall averages about 55 inches per year. Fifty percent of the rainfall occurs during the summer months. Temperature seldom exceeds 90 F or drops below 32 F. Prevailing winds are from the easterly direction, but the coastal area experiences frequent local circulations caused by land-sea interactions that differ from the large scale circulation of the lower '~ atmosphere. ii. Meteorological Extremes and Severe Weather The U. S. Weather Bureau records in the area of the site indicate the highest and lowest temperatures recorded were 104 and 15 F respectively. Maximum monthly rainfall was 20.6 inches occurring at Tampa and the maximum 24 hour rainfall was 38.7 inches occurring at Yankeetown. Since 1871, when more complete weather record keeping commenced, a total of 56 tropical storms or hurricane centers have passed within fifty miles of the Crystal River Plant site. After 1885, weather records C'ferentiated between tropical.torms (winds x 73 mph) and hurricanes (winds > 7' mph). Since 1886, there have been 44 passages of tropical storms of which a maximum of 13 hurricanes were experienced within i 50 miles of the site. Of these, the most destructive was probably the hurricane of October 19,1944. However, relatively few storms nave moved j inland on Florida's west coast between Cedar Keys and Fort Meyers in L, the past 80 years. Most tropical sWms have a tendency to recurve north and northeasterly off the Florida east coast, move northward pam!!el to (- the west coast, or move on a northwaterly course across the gulf. The highest frequency of tropical storms in the site area occurs in October, with September the month of second highest frequency. in the period 1948-1958, more than 50 percent of the waterspouts reported throughout the coastal states of the United States were reported in Florida. Of the 723 reported occurrences in Florida from 1948 through 1969,355 of these were observed on Florida's west coast. Waterspouts have occasionally caused considerable damage to shipping, and have also, when crossing from water to land, become destructive tornadoes. 23

f In the period 1916-1969, a total of 590 tornadoes have been reported in the state of Florida. An approximate total of 66 of these tornadoes were associated with the passage of tropical storms. In the years 1953 through 1969, there have been 15 tornadoes reported in the one degree square in which the' site is located, yielding a mean frequency of 0.9 tornadoes per year. The probability of a tornado striking the site has a mean recurrence interval of 1232 years with a range between 820 and 2500 years. iii. Monitoring Program The meteorological monitoring program was initiated in September 1968. The meteorology facility at the Crystal River site consists of a Bendix Aerovane Wind transmitter mounted on top of a 150 foot tower which places the sensor at the same elevation at the top of the containment structure. The transmitted data is recorded on a Bendix chart recorder system and also independently reduced to 15 minute averages of wind speed, direction, and directional variance on a wind variance computer. In July,1970,.a second station was installed on the same tower at the 30 ft height in order to verify that the meteorology at the two heights is similar. This program is continuing. Analysis of the site meteorological data for the period from August,1968 through July,1970 indicates that dispersion conditions at the Crystal River site are quite favorable. The average wind speed is 11.4 mph and calm conditions occur less than one percent of the time annually. Winds blow offshore 48.55 percent of the time and thus would transport any possible radioactive release to unpopulated areas during these wind direction i conditions. Although stable atmospheric conditions occur 59.65 percent of the time, the average wind speed associated with these conditions exceeds 12 mph and results in favorable diffusion. h. Seismicity The State of Florida is an area which is considered seismically inactive. In a 300-year history, only eie.ht earthquakes of Intensity IV (Modified Mercalli) or greater have had their epicenters located within the state. No earthquake is known to have occurred within 50 miles of the plant site. Only one tsunami, or seismic sea wave, has ever been noted along the gulf coast of the United States. This wave was caused by the Puerto Rican earthquake of October 11, 1918, and was very small as recorded on j the tide gauge at Galveston, Texas. There is no record of a tsunami or seismic sea wave ever having affected the Crystal River area. ~ The two strongest earthquakes to have affected the site area in north central Florida, were the Northern Florida earthquake of January 12,1879, listed as Modified Mercalli VI; and the Charleston, South Carolina earthquake of 1885 which had an epic ntral Intensity X, Modified Mercalli. There is no evidence that seismic activ;ty in the southern Appalachiansor in the Greater Antilles Islands of the West Indies had any affect on the Crystal River site. p.. 24 i b m -

An attenuation curve of earthquake intensity with distance for the Atlantic and Gulf ~ Coastal Plains indicate a rather slow attenuation of intensity with distance, due apparently to the deep Cretaceous sediment areas of the Coastal Plain regions. Based upon this attenuation data, the Florida earthquake of 1879 would have produced an intensity no higher than the Modified Mercalli IV at the site; and the Charleston earthquake of 1886 would have had an intensity no higher than V at the Crystal River site. Based upon the relationship between earthquake intensity and ground acceleration given in Nuclear Reactors and Earthquakes TID-7024, United States Atomic Energy Commission, the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake would have resulted in a ground acceleration of approximately.025g at the site. A value of.05g, or double the estimated acceleration from the history of the site, has been utilized in the design of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3. II. DESCRIFTION OF PLANT EFFLUENT AND WASTE SYSTEMS a. Condenser and Equipment Cooling Water P i. Condenser Cooling Crystal River Plaat Ur.it 3 utilizes once-thru sea water from the Gulf of Mexico to dissipate the heat from the plant steam cycle. All latent heat from the turbine exhaust steam condensat'on is conveyed to the gulf by the sea water of the circulating water sy, tem. Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will rei e about 600,000 gallons per minute of sea water for cond coolirg i arposes. It will be drawn through an intake channel and abou 40,000 feet long with a bottom width of 150 feet and depth or 15 feet below mean lo v water. Protective rock jetties extend 10,000 feet beyond the shore lir,' on either side of the I channel. The intake water is conveyed at velocie less than one foot per second to a reinforced concrete intake structure. This structure contains four main circulating water pumps nominally rated at 160,000 gpm located in separate bays, each equipped with a coarse trash rack and i a traveling water screen with 3/8 inch clear openings. j Exhibit 5 illustrates schematic +'!y the condenser circulating water system. The circulating water is pumped into the circulating water piping system, l through the condenser, and returned in undiminished quantity to the gulf through the discharge canal. The discharge canal is 13,000 feet long,125 feet wide, and 10 feet deep at mean low water. During full load operation at rated conditions, the water temperature increase across as the condenser is approximately 18 F. The total amount of heat discharged is estimated at approximately 5.53 x 109 Btt /hr. 1 l 25 m

ii. Equipment Cooling - Secondary Plant The circulating water system is also utilized to remove the heat from those heat exchangers serving the secondary plant equipment. The secondary service heat exchangers (sea water to closed cycle cooling water) operate in parallel with the main condenser circulating water system to affect heat removal. The secondary plant requires approximately 26,000 gpm for equipment cooling purposes. iii. Equipment Cooling - Nuclear Plant Separate once-through sea water circulating systems are installed to convey the heat removed from the nuclear se' "e cooling system and the decay heat cooling system. The nuclear servi sea water system requires about 11,000 gpm for normal operation. The temperature rise across this system is about 10 F. An industrial cooler of the evaporative type is also installed to provide, under normal operating conditions, cooling of the containment i. atmosphere. iv. Condenser Cooling-Fossil Units I and 2 ~ Crystal River Plant Units I and 2 require 310,000 gpm and 324,000 gpm, respectively, for condenser cooling purposes. During full load operation, the water temperature increase across these condensers is approximately 11 F. The total amount of heat discharged as a result of fullload operation s of Units 1 and 2 is approximately 1.7 x 109 Btu /hr and 1.78 x 109 Btu /hr respectively, ~~ b. Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems i. General All radioactive waste holdup and processing equipment for liquid, gaseous, t and solid wastes is located within thick walled, reinforced concrete Class I structures which are designed to withstand the maximum hypothetimal earthquake postulated for the location of the olant, tornadoes, and tornado j_ driven missiles. The individual items of waste holdup and processing . equipment are designed, fabricated, and erected in conformance with all codes and standards applicable to equipment containing radioactive materials and are located in thick-walled, reinforced concrete rooms. Each 7' room is provided with its own floor and equipment drain which routes, C, any liquid leakage te below grade, stainless steel lined sumps. Fresh outside air is co atinuously supplied to the structures indicated above. This air flows from the normally occupied areas of the buildings, throt d c the rooms containirg the equipment holding or processing radioac. e wastes, to a ventilation exhaust discharge system. This system consists of fans, roughing :md HEPA particulate filters, and charcoal filters for the removal of iodine. The discharge of this system is routed to the '~ +. - vent past a gas and particulate radiation monitor which will automatically 26 ~ c 3O --L,-,,-_

e-- 5 shut down the ventilation system in the event its set-point is exceeded. The capacity of the exhaust ventilation system is high'er than that of the fresh air supply system so that the air pressure inside the buildings is slightly below that of the environment, thus preventing any inadvertent " leak" of building air to the environment. Those tanks and processing equipment containing liquids, which might release radioactive gases, are served by a common waste gas vent header system to prevent radioactive gases from escaping to the building amosphere. Other tanks and equipment are vented to the atmosphere of the room in which they are located. ii. Liquid Waste Disposal The radioactive liquid waste disposal system has been designed to collect, store, and process, for disposal or reuse, all radioactive liquid wastes. In addition, this system provides operating; service functions to the primary system. The components of the radwaste system consists of tanks, coolers, demineralizers, evaporatcrs, floor and equipment drains and sumps, pumps, r valves, and piping. The system has been designed for the recovery of concentrated boric acid and purified water resulting from the cleanup of primary coolant and refueling water. Recycle capability has been provided in order to minimize the total activity disposed to the environment from the plant during its serv'ce life. Tanks with ample storage capacity have been provided to ensure dat the letdown of primary coolant, packaging of waste, or the disposai of wastes to the environment may be accomplished in a convenient ad timely manner. The system has been designed such that the collection and processing of the liquid wastes is divided into two separate chains, dependent upon the quality of the waste. The primary chain is used to process the high purity wastes which are reactor coolant, refueling water, and spent fuel water. The second (miscellaneous) chain is used to process the miscellaneous wastes from (a) radioactive laboratory drains, (b) building and equipment drains and sump, (c) regeneration solution from deborating demineralizers, (d) demineralizer backwash, and (e) radioactive laundry and shower drains. i[, The system piping is arranged such that all liquids collected must be routed through an evaporator and condensate (mixed-bed) demineralizers prior to coiketion in the condensate storage tank for reuse or disposal. Any liquids stored in the evaporator condensate storage tanks, concentrated radioactive waste storage tanks, or the concentrated boric acid tanks may be reprocessed through the evaporator for further decontamination or concentration, if this is required. The release of liquid wastes from the radwaste system are controlled by ' strict administrative procedures backed up by a radiation monitor which F is capable of terminating any inadvertent release of radioactive liquids. Reclaimed liquids will be re-used, as required, or released from the . evaporator condensate storage tank to the nu. lear services seawater system and then into the discharge canal. 27 S' s

e-i: n L -Liquid wastes will be released from the plant on a batch basis. Prior to release, each batch will be sampled to determine the activity content, Based upon the activity analysis, the flow rate from the nuclear services seawater system and the condenser circulating water system, a maximum flow rate for the batch discharge and the setpoint for the activity monitor are established. The release of liquid wastes to the effluent of the nuclear !. rvices seawater system will be automatically terminated unless at least one nuclear services seawater pump is in operation (nominal flow 11,000 gpm). Additional dilution of the activity released is accomplished in the discharge t canal where the liquid wastes mix with the circulating water discharge from Crystal River Plant Units 1, 2, and 3. The total circulating water flow availabh. is 1,300,000 gpm when Units 1,2, and 3 are in operation. . iii. Gus Waste Disposal l The m waste disposal system consists, in part, of the gas spaces of the liquW holdup tanks and processing equipment that are served by the common waste gas vent header system. The gases collected by the vent header system are routed to the suction of two rotary, water sealed gat comptessors which sequentially compress the gases collected into three waste gas decay tanks. These tanks provide a minimum 90 day holdup time for 'he decay of the radioactive constituents in the gases occupying i them. After a waste gas decay tank is filled, its contents are sampled and analyzed. Based on the gas analysis, the contents of the tank may be used as makeup to the low pressure waste gas vent header system or raay be released under controlled and monitored conditions to the environment r-after a suitable delay period for the decay of radioactive constituents. If the gas is recycled, the effect is to increase the time for decay of its radioactive constituents. If the contents of a waste gas decay tank are to be discharged to the atmosphere, a sample is taken and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the waste gaws are discharged through charcoal and HEPA filters at a L. controllej and monitored rate to th; inlet of the building exhaust ventilatica system. The activity level of tUs gas disdarge is continuously monitored, both at its point of release fem the vaste gas decay tanks and in the mixture of building ventilation ;.'. and waste gases being discharged from the stack. In the event the set-points of either radiation monitor and/or the waste gas flow monitor are exceeded, the discharge will be automatically terminated and an alarm will warn the operator to initiate corrective action prior to re-initiating the release. iv. Solid Waste Packaging The solid waste packaging system has been designed to process four types of radioactive solid wastes: (1) dry wastes including filters, rags, clothing, and equipment parts; (2) evaporator concentrates; (3) spent resins; and (4) spent filter cartridges.. 28 L-

e l The dry wastes which are compressible will be compacted into 55 gallon drums. A waste drumming area has been provided to process these radioactive solids in a safe and convenient manner. Within this area provisions have been made for receiving, drumming, solidifying, storing, and shipping of the radioactive solid wastes produced during plant operations. Packaged containers will be appropriately sealed and shielded to protect plant personnel and the general public from radiation exposure. The containers used for packaging of the radioactive solid wastes will be i Department of Transportation approved. Transportation of these containers off site will be in accordance with DOT regulations by a licensed carrier to an AEC licensed burial ground. v. Summary F Double barriers, in the form of high integrity equipment and high integrity building structures in which this equipment is located, ensure against accidental releases of radioactive liquids or gases from the radioactive waste processing systems. Redundant and high reliability radioactive liquid waste processing equipment, coupled with generous storage capacity, ensure extremely low liquid activity releases. Basically, all radioactive liquid discharges are in the form of distilled water that has been demineralized. Generous waste gas storage capacity coupled with the ability to recycle r waste gases to the vent header system minimize radioactive gas activity discharges to the environment by providing long hold-up times for radioactive decay prior to release. i-Strict administrative procedures and the monitoring of all routine releases of radioactive liquids and gases will ensure that all such releases will not exceed the allowable limits and will result in the minimum practicable release of radioactivity to the environment. c. Miscellaneous Industrial Wastes i. Chemical and Sanitary Wastes I During the operation of the Crystal River Plant Unit 3, acid (H,SO ) 4 L and caustic (NaOH) will be used to regenerate expended resins En the Condensate Polishing and Cycle Makeup System demineralizers. Following each regeneration of the condensate polishing demineralizers approximately ' 54,500 gallons of neutralized regeneration effluent containing 1750 pounds of H SO,1100 pounds of NaOH, and 150 pounds of ammonia (NH ) 3 4 3 will tie produced. Regeneration of the condensate polishing demineralizers will be required once every six days. The regeneration solution will be collected, sampled, and neutrdlized to a pH of 6 to' 8 prior to disposal. 7 ) 29 1

I F 1 e-In the cycle makeup system, the cation and anion units require regeneration every 24 hours whereas the mixed bed unit requires regeneration once a week Regeneration of the cation and anion units together will result in 26.500 gallons of neutralized effluent containing 600 pounds of H SO4 and, 500 pounds of NaOH. Once a week. 2 regeneration of the cation, atuori, and mixed bed demineralizers together will result in 30,000 gallons of neutralized effluent containing 650 pounds of H SO4 and 650 pounds of NaOH 2 Disposal of the chemical wastes will be achieved by pumping them into the circulating water system to achieve a controlled rate of discharge for which chemical and volumetric.onditions will be measured and controlled. The neutralized regenerates from the makeup demineralizers will be discharged into the intake canal and the neutralized regenerates from the condensate polishing demineralizers will be released into the discharge canal by way of the nuclear services seawater system. Sanitary wastes will be pumped through a drainage system to an existing sewage plant for treatment prior to disposal. This sewage plant is presently used for Units 1 and 2 wastes. It is estimated that Crystal River Plant Unit 3 will produce approximately 2500 gallons of sanitary wastes per day. ii. Chlorinaiion t -Use of salt water containing a variety of marine organisms for condenser { cooling water purposes results in fouling, corrosion, and erosion of condenser tubes. The most practical means of minimizing these effects, which amount to a serious threat to plant reliability, is to inject chlorine intermittently to the cooling water from the Gulf of Mexico-Residual chlorine, at the point of condenser outfall after mixing in the discharge canal, is estimated to be essentially zero Drinking water from municipal water supplies usually contains 0.2 - 0 5 ppm chlorine. Similar conder. er cooling water treatment is taking place in the Crystal River fossil units. An ecological survey and analysis is taking place to evaluate any effects of chlonne in the immediate aquatic environment, from Units I and 2. l This survey will include Crystal River Plant Unit 3 when the plant goes y into commercial operation. iii. Decontamination Shower and Laundry Waste Liquid waste from the decontamination shower and laundry will be collected in the laundry and shower sump tank Prior to disposal, the contents of the tank will be tested for radioactivity. The release of this waste is normally to the discharge canal via the nuclear services seawater system provided the activity in the tanks, as sampled, satisfies the disposal requirements-In the event the activity in this tank is greater than the 3 i disposal limits, the contents will be pumped to the miscellaneous processing chain of the radioactive waste disposal system for normal processing and disposition. 1 i $..w .l 30 l g l l

III. LICENSES OR PERMITS REQUIRED FROM FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AGENCIES a. Federal Atomic Energy Commission - Nuclear Plant U. S Army Corps of Engineers - Cooling water intake and discharge canals and channels b. State cf Florida Florida Department of A> and Water Pollution Control - State certification. for construction Florida Trustees of the Internti Improvement Fund - Permit for movement ni submerged land k c. Citrus County None required - Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services - Regional approval in lieu of Citrus County Health Department is required for sanitary waste systems and water supply. L i P 5 1 b - l i l 31

We f f 9 f EXHIBITS e i s-1 i t. s. a~ l i-1 i

g I .r ?_ ^ Y u. C y: se =. o gw . a, o } \\ ~ 'Mm "toJ / ^ cud n s,. 4 '%w q _9 r~. g r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c: " "?fG9 "3 (5 ED L 1r;;. Tb ' mI L-m'i t YW E03E3 c ARCHITECTURAL RENDERING CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 = EXHIBIT 1 =. - c-

/ o 5 ) (($. ii.}? NffC h .5- ' } y & &f W'* El ? c_ j'$. 'f 3 '.-v- .,c*f:,- U 3. b3 go, J hI i ~ 1 ., T,, - - &=-*f. mp .h S.-p'

• 7

/ EM.2 : m i hl. .t e U j n. Ej*. 4,*- s-4 V %n;. .e C+- l w <a r x o

• k

( ,1 -Y~~ .s."..; = y g v. ~w e p .. g e.~ -y /. n . p- \\ by ~.

1. ,s Q u

l ......).., m,,- g5: .3,. u h. n n, ,g F' - p-l- ' .J h 1 r~1gy ' q*,u., u 7 r-j ,u ) v. c. <o p[M. h..h..E;... ic b4 . i._ . <.gs ..i. .!h.~ 5 - k.. i t s .n .n. ~

• * * * =

I e .~%w%.y: < %g. : _ \\ ..G. -L' s . nun.

a j w,

v,n t m.s 'n .. t,.ff '. - .

• t.g t

G /.f s ~ ~ o ~ fi*o n. J. ; I, h ~ ~ cT[ .3N$,_h ~f;[ 2:g; \\'j L c ~ ; ; s e ! $.p %... s , j :n ..ML ~ .,f ,.e c 4 - [',,

• '1 1

g (. 'T h......q,y a e.w3hN. h ' ~.I~h I k $ ' f.f 8 h c ~ r cW -.n e g -s . 'h.

1) '

>\\ e m e some ._W c ys W s t 9, yr.na_ gW.: 3 +yg s_. s e mesa sa u... W @ 7.n,. .m c ve..w wess, c. 4 . Ig,th. g% 4. j,.- ., x/.t.e DD..D ELo* s ) l O9 1 d rr 'hI d, CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 L () gi SITE TOPOORAPHY = EXHIBIT 2

== oaa'~

f e * - ** }( / w -e ~ s "$.4* -+., [ v e =r % <, * :...x c

• e

,%;)D. ~% g: s-h . f, N., -', r,4 9 .ff ns-" Y y b e p. t w -))) e t l' ' s e y, , 9; ,y) s,

,. j *e

.y . s* 'a .J g s* s. s ,3 0

• .,1,.s, s

J j p ' f) 2 - '. ] 7'., ~ ~ ~ O

s a

I5 , l.. f, './j) I, e . -;/ n = *. * ,,>y m-t -y x..^! ,1 ; 9 ..',,a*#p, y** ., - - ~ ,/ p't.: h.e - s a ~ , % ~ r ';l 6,, * ', %.ik '= ')'. _ >. f(,fK, p'**O ,,4 s - e ,o 4 g *i - l V y.s..Y'..,r,.. -,,..P. '. e.,,. r

• ...<. /

s. ..~ *-_-- .\\ ( a,,4, ,e . ?,,y-t.. e e 1. ~, ./. g, ea N -(<_ .(

e. j I

4 4 ,q \\ 6 - .. mJ. * [ g' ,N. r s' y s ,s.',' " 5 \\ t (- w j,, c, p e t n p [ t, .,1 ? s'

• g.

t r.e -. g *. - a ,s p {- ~ a ,<f,. {

• s

's ( ~ ' a,. 'e-

• r

( u >.). e \\ j, p. s 't - %,*'1. a),.' ) **. ~ c' y k, 4L.i~ g (

• \\

6 ..-.,)..,.. e , i. ,., ~. N., V, -.is ; 6

w' y;

1 9 / rj - t 't, _A_ .?s. s!, l ', 9'd

• C..

O,. (. ',. J ' ' van.,e c r. s I I

• Y..J

,c 3/ 4 ) ,a.j. '} 3 ~ g. r i,. .'n c=1 s ql. r ej,* * * ~ 4 ? bg i t,,. . f' 1 .. t(,,, --- x .c-1 i. s., c m. ; .. rp. ~ ,%~<'- <a. . + \\ ' <* l . b ;k > i. s e V i - h, = 's sw 'is, -. t ,f f %'g- +

p.

) e i t ,'/ ' + y A, 1,.. ..,c .x ,a, j' ' + 4 s >,y. s t T b.L, e + F'. "e '/ A e e d. s Ts l l.' ~ .m q s 9, ".p, ' \\; fer% e e

• i s

,e 1

• s9

+. **.j e *. 2 6 < '.,'t 3:..-.-.- y < q,/ 4 a ) 9 c ' f ~i. ' o a' , s g h' T ' i. a '1 g .= s j 1, v.- "J e y. }. i 4.<e < se p. .,s _,C. ) e ' ' ~ ~

• • • 5*-*

1 . h l

.s

• w

~ v. .( i , l.. /r, *,,: Q' f.[. t.',A, j' v.,.1),. w e $e..[.,., ,.r- . g ,d, e, -e e -g n. "'i,. s C' 'i s. .,.. e (f , f.;3 *., ' - ,p'***,,,,-y', _f l.*. 'y 3; O\\ {,

• )

J e f . f,' ,} l', ' li. ',% ;/j?'- f y~1 k.)./

• Y W-. )

.. k.j %.i% (.,.,, j; %,s..i 'r os j' ,t .r e ^% a a e F i >.] .J , ~ / "'3 . f ., ' g . %) f' y% c' .) f hj

t.

4t y jf 4'. r* s .s ~* s'.f['c=% .4 ' i's e'I 1 , ' 'd 3 - .) T. / -( f ^ a s ,r s..

..

- > A...

.n., r. .j -1 s,j - s v. ;.. F.

e

.p.n ,-Q, y. s. a .t q. n er . +. r.. p _- ~. 4 .f n s

• R ',,,/.4,.,.,,..

( ..e - s -, s.. ;* ,r. -% ia 4* 4 l.,2+. t'- +, n ; r. ,. c ~ 'i c, - c. r.g 3s <f .,.,<,N a-e .S,, .;; a,., -t,. q t 3 4, f r,. a c s:.;- ..s r' e, s s y .,.,) - .., F,s g.. tq ;* ;,' p. h g o g ' t *2, .g g lA ; g ~ 9.'..

"; > [., Q, ur,

.g6.' .3...Cp...p. .-.n o,,. s t ..s t p., ,.. c a .... u..,m; s

u., s..

,pe . 4 .c. ..s3.s,, .., s,a c., ... <<:,( e v.; m% -Q ' ff, 0a,<-1.- .,fa.,...s,(; 1 t: 7 .,m. .m. e, e ..~ , n.. ul.., u- ,. a , 3 < :,3 s. .*y (? '.;:q $ g n, ;z,,',. H ~**5.,,'. k! Qs' ' '.;. *a,., R. u., . ~ ql'..': ;,3,'l.., l _.,~ V h p wi p,e. s ,.} -:,,. i :.?, e <, ! fin 7 V;,n gsd,~. Ji ', -t. &' ' f ~ T Q' W J ^ L ; L' ...7, i. .4<s L

• r.3.

."r:~. n.c ;

4. t a u,,

3, %q.. = l1 ,)- ( * <s.,,. s .,t. 6 s* ,..,8 8.~

m,.,

f, t c.,; 'e..t : < _,4 1:s <d r y 't .y: .e,, u.... + g.. /., bw.,,.. s,g.- o;* .s ..c ,o ....i,,% ,y, . e _.m.6 .f. c %.. ..,4. '* f,, s 9,..u -".J,a. ~W. v,,....9 ' 4 4 f.-* r

• S' e-

>. n s r@,fy,. .~

e..w

• t,a. n, >.. *J.".6,@ ~1,/

r -.....s < a (.- 3.. + 4 f,.. ,8 ,C, d W.-.*- 9 7 %. /. Q 3 #.. .- y,j ) p, i r - f'.-.)6, g *, Q } gj .'f ?,,* T, ~., l,, ~ .*;[ . s h., y 4,j s. y3 Q - n.; *, tay ,,.., ;.., g ', 2,. ..e _ n.,- - %.. e. ,1 ,.... 4,, s,c.a.. .c gJ.,, :- ..r, ; ; r, og_. n

• rf v.,23.

.'r. s.:<. y. , -. n. 2 ,r,. 7,. r ..t. .s. q.

g.,

.u a y.>, ,i. f,;. ..,> y. s .\\ , C G.u =,4 s .*, } 2 p ;i. '. b.M ',,f,;i. ,,. ~., 4,*.. . 2 ;3., s

r... p n...

e. ^

, s n.,. 4, .A. .., r. g.,.. ~ n.wt a ~ p. a,,. 4.~s4 3..

f 2

. A... ...7..

w..

s .A.~a[.,. i.".... ' \\~~..i (. ? l, ' ? ',,.' i. $. (.- ?..i ? ;.," Y..h*t y.l n': Q. &. c,-,Y f,*, $. 4 m ml t,... o..;. y.... i, y;.,., ~.u. '. . m,.. q.. a.; r.. r. ..,.e-'+.a E. -- ra. .~. u ; _ q Cu-A - { u J., p) ei) y~. 5..' /. % q -.>,, 3;.3 &: a<,, i* e-s.,. , ; l. , m..x. _,,..1;.>t.,;w ) - ;.. f o e:m. - < s, n. .y - o s. c.a,..-. e .,C,i..gh._;%- k w.~ t .;__-~..., ~_.; 4 3, y _m lq L ',3,'3lf-ll K :{

• .?

r ',,1=.)J M.e'r: h ' f. QS%. g j.),. y, ,'.Q,. Q:.a ..pgj-1,. <.. g -.pg s f -.~., f, o_ vwm w 4 g -9. n:;9.. - fc.., -f,4

n., ' %n.:c. f. g.d ?. @s,m4 4..

. icu %, g. -,.g, 3;.<>..p,..,., .. r i.. 's. p w, ;.. w w t, - c 3 x 'm !r 4

1.,.

..a.. -t m. m <. s a. a r.....r,. -yjs r .. y,s. S '9<* a m.e,7: g. p.,,<.,. \\.gn 4 . 3 g. ..; *,.,, ;.~ e.,:. -: ; y . g g., w c,4,. c.. .n .s

y. t 'a. <.,

/.,. s j. -. u y,/, '.;,,,T.,3 y.. y, &,.. _. M. e.,.5. %c7. i. w.%. . c? p s j - 1,

m., ;..

.c W, c 4. e.,. \\ c sqt. .s e-E'&g.3., ; 3,.M.. 's. h..; 9.,8 j j .i*h: &. q~g' t 2, ,. >t-/,.Y,f: c m-m s g. ;,, f I< ^ p d.m',s.fGrR3(f, ..-I ' f.' * ~~ jYl._.}.:' - lV., t.p.. *y @.,-. w : w 4-s ~ ::.,,,. .n. a_ o..,..,.w.-- g % @r. w.p; w>,;r.., vp' ~. 'h;, -.....?, ty-4 ~ s,.,.. L - 1 se.. n.. - ;.,,...+ e, i. . ;:.u.~.4..,.. m., g*w,4 v$ > i. -d... 7 . c, .J 9 c - :.- 3 s .%.,.,*.r.g'ac p., W y' x.~ e' (.f.* > r. . n.. g 1 ~

v

- 4.

' 3.m e .. * ~, e . w ; w. ,...- ;.. cn g, v4,. 7..r w*, n ,+ o, -}: r. ., ep e .n. 4 ,,. e p u.

s. My n.,w.

p p :., g. t., .2. nf,,.. }$;..s,,,m,,y,. a, .f-n3 p; e, ,4..w.~u s e ...t 4,., y - - s,? , m m, .o, f. Y,. s /, ) 6q .,a. t., ,5-x .. 'g, ...w ' h,c., J-v/., m;.M,s a. w. '. _ 4., w, } g % y. 1.,N. A].. .,,.e;.[, g 2 4 ',*s. ,4 - ,c g e .,t. 31 -j v. N s 3 W n .s, , j y & f*,,' J..J'A' a.'s. v.W ~ L ) g'3 4 y* O .C. '" A. 's.,, "t e. 3 ';,1 Ma*. fp 3

• )8

(, = g j- ,., N% c N, dj,,f t,. ;}Kcjcy o " ~. .s -:.,. r a Q 3

.l.

~ h ~,

s.., % -

.9,.R$.,ly,, ...y.. \\ p,. h. r ' q f. g,.,,g,. p>,.y.. +..,g s ) as o' a y.n9 r..y R y.. . /_ q,,,,:= 6.i g, ~;a ,< y,..

e. s,. x,,

zn= . - 4 A p..r '. y.,.\\,.t..,.+c,,4,... y, s. o,.- O'k..[,h.' <,.. f.x.. h '[O.;.L.. y [w...O.r.,. f .s . s o .a, ,s s'.g

h. ' y A.

,.,b.[... m?,, y ];~ g( %. [.-.N ' [. .t. 13~Js .... g J.3.Q;...,Q.. q o. fg s i v<, t 9,; f ; .e. as ,y / ~ -,, j t. x + ..i W.;q ,',g' 1 b " yl f{%:' - pg!'A, -gny/'.r aV/ ~ < hM,y ' g,.- g ;, j;' ': + L :!'y - %, ,, 4,k ;h3 ? ; g~.' l, gvy,i) M.s (.'.'.j. p_ .. >, jg y, y., Nc' Q,j M, Q. G., y.. .f.7 " j ...p.f',,, ' Q, ;fs.,F. a' .wn g ;.,. 1, - q.,. e - ' ~g L", , J8 n,s n, G, ~ a, d:i:~-- -,, Q

l. ~,

w ~,, e. pi ~. v. (l.,, pt, '; &.. w. N.. l .,..m. ., pa<,. r.. .{,p 3 ,s 1 e,.gu m., \\ n. t <QK ^ _ q.j, h yp.'l[.~f y it s t fw... c. t y e-o - -+a -. n j 'gi. _c s . w..- v: W.1 y s.2 - }$. q'y ~:::: - Gyb, % ;.3'

• & e

.,, n.- ,,c. p< A< \\s,m ,.;t. y-A: l / o m e-

,r:.:

x, a 'r ,. _, -, w n er.,.I. t a 2

• • . he d

k*, LeL,.. s' W s s ts...-w.'..r4 j,s i - %, l., ["

e. a,

...,,J_,

Lyg, g

AERIAL PHOTCGRAPH CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 M v.- EXHIBlT 3 .D fP P P4 - n - - 'M gy o pn q j,J lJ i a

\\ e 5. A e. 77 4F - ~s N s g/

1. @'g y

.P+. g l /4-G O YE h,%"' R *0 f*f. @+O 5

== %*E 78

• 9 Ag 33 8#

+f a g,*p.,#</ $f ss E6 ,"^?'\\

1. 4

,q

1. .s';#

1.s-Q s o i4 ,e 0**h,# O C 3 -d n x: E? 9 9 15-T11 f >% 5 / go 9 s

1. s ".p'.#

S ,e = M

1. a,%.g' 12 E?.

gA ~ o e 8 m / s NO h N .S'I 8 @' - 4,s:,9 l.,s % o $$,* o 2015. f 2015 11.160 39 2015-15.300 1947 t290 s 1967. I e 2015440 1947 9044 015 2450 1947 145 g" c = 12 % e e ~e 300 1947 1442 3.a1 = = j

its D

o o E r,,l'70dl !s, S o o h %e so 0 50g J 4 I94 4

• too toy

/,'?.O # l'6l*s t /,4 Y '#4s y5 'o 231 "S'$ '94l,'is,# t ry o h, ' << 47,

b b

/4 U% $,b '% .k 44 Q 4 .f ?? 't+ /.

3

'%)% 3 ,,g's,

• 5 5;

$4 . 't6%, e e 's 46 b 5 6 sls CS Qs, s,$V sss

"s.

~" ~ "o's jy ,e .s s es;;:

• TOTA fUDE hg.&

0 70 3 y, g' ~uur,cn e .h

• 0 TO 50 MILES DISTRIBUTION i

L_ _

72 03 N d s' v-a': Yy " ~ ~ N Q 7* 4 i

• ~ '

4 ~_ s**E 8 + o9 o b3 AZ %gf %E k! 'A = ~

1. s s

3 og y, u 11 ,p j

• E

~ 9 9 ?o OO 24 .so / aE # 5 sp.' @ p.0 o 313. no s 3 go .o tot s-too 9g, 2) 9 2015 20 g,67 21 2015 10 ,,7.o O d a a 2015 0 967 0 W w W .J a . d -- d_ d 1961 0 5 3 2 1 2 M m n

• ~

20ss., \\ 1967.g 2p y, o 'o,#'s., f,015-o l J, ,'o 10 tot 5 l*67.ff .% 15 9 E7 f ~ } E, p, t,>'s* 194y ~* T b o; 1y t a bo t / .g .a A, '*e, 's N o b 'o ~ p

g x

s, 'o,<, >J'o <o pfl E 23 b g ? 4 's &6 ,4 l g Q \\ O F 00 4k. 66 l

1. .a "4

i f. 8% 6g g, f 'o # s8 ? S =5 l kk I ? :'i .e 19 O TO 5 MILES DISTRIBUTION POPULAT10!I Dl5TRIBUTION CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 M Lh;.m EXillBIT 4 e yg r 7

1 DC 9 4 ci*7-Qa* s

• n N

24 T. R '% e+. ++*

• 4*

v gg 9 ,M 1 ~, o '.

n. S 1

S, il yd O' #' ts n

• /

- s

== as s @.e. %,S e c. 6 'o ' gtO f o 29 ?: 34,9 $;s f,h p-l.$$' e 1: n, ,4 i y, 0 O* p%' 60 I 2g)S.15.500 967 1290 j

• D y

i %Y 2015 860 967 9066 015 2450 967 135 4 w e a e w w w w w 12 % }'. 3 1 1 1 K i

• * 67*1462 d

d d ___d _d 1 l m stoo /s 1967,7 2013, f-o E ? 4 pg 0 13 4043 gy 4 g g 'o ' gy,#,)p !*g83 y EOI3 ?3, '*!6223 Nl$. s,'o, 20

• s.

ls, U61. O 2 Q $ sh,# 0o 'sl's,

• 0lll-i

=, t 'I h$ s,'o O s, h. %l'.* bl'.

• g g

e% s =. * / .,[. U$

1. • - '4

.1'

~

f*

• • o,

'R

*k$

M h# s.G. ,3 = = 4* g8{p $b I ~#a 4 = 3 J 5# us 4 PC S

S

,anj ,k* -f .

• TOT AL5 tNCLUDE 1

0 TO 5 MILES POPULATION goe h 1 8

• b

] O TO $0 MILES Ol5TRIBUTION iI i 3 1 !+ h i k, )k-

f-) SS' 72: .Q N g'j f* Nyg o e o h$ h /e~- ,, = = ?. 5 RE YP $*g

• 4s4

+ ,9 o. U.+ d O =; 04 M ?. RE p b

• l

+l0

• 9 ";-

.?. ? + + e' 6 3$ .f 5. no 9,324 @o *' 2o15' "

• w67 21
• o -

2015-20 96725 20 0 u67 8 20 0 ', u 67-0 g. g g g 1 . s> d a y y d 1 1 .1 1 1 m x soIS-0 sn ,e es ce

• ~

K 1967.o 2a gg.y s /o l'e r-o zo ls.o /'e,'n ? leer.o zo rg. l'er.[l 201 ', os vt02

nS s,,

'o

p,5 15 (s 17 p

93 'o 'o,, g

• II a

o o o ~- 'O s, o,9, 6,1,'s t4 i <.P s e o v - Q

S

'o -e o Lo s,'o,

1. 0 e

so 4 %l. 9 5? 4 o o a s, 'd, o 1 W [ 4k.- e. o Ssy sst 7 -s % 9 S 99 o a o e 0 TO 5 MfLES DISTRIBUTION b POPULATION D15TRIBUT10N. CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 f;q; - EXHIBIT 4 44 t

GULF OF C:EXICO w _---___---e l 1 I I I l u l tl t d a s iu <v u 1 SECONDARY SERVICE HEAT EXCHANGER 3B Q l I I i INTAKE STRUCTURE JL / f i l ( CONDENSER m s*m j / - l 3B \\ / { e m l { 4 M i m / CONDENSER r / 3A DISCHARGE VERTICAL C W PUMPS STRUCTURE

• 90" CONCRETE PlPES SECONDARY SERVICE HEAT EXCHANGER 3A t

l CONDENSER CIRCULATlHG WATER SYSTEM CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 = EXHIBIT 5 = ca.o.- s 9 -}}