ML19316A113
| ML19316A113 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oconee  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1976 |
| From: | DUKE POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7911280636 | |
| Download: ML19316A113 (50) | |
Text
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DUKE POWER COMPANY OCONEE NUCLEAR STATION 1
l RESPONSE TO APPENDIX A TO BRANCH TECHNICAL POSITION APCSB 9.5-1
" GUIDELINES FOR FIRE PROTECTION FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS DOCKETED PRIOR TO JULY 1,1976"
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RESPONSE TO APPENDIX A TO BRANCH TECHN! CAL POSIT 10N APCSB 9.5-1 "GUIDELitlES FOR FIRE PROTECT 10tl FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS DOCKETED PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1976" a
FOREWORD The following report with regard to the fire protection program at the Oconee Nuclear Station is in response to positions presented in Appendix A to Branch Technical Position APCSB 9.5-1. Responses follow paragraph
. headings as shown in the Position.
A hazards analysis was conducted by operating personnel, an engineer assigned full time duties in the area of fire protection and a fire protection consultant.
1 This team conducted an on site inventory of combustible materials in the Auxiliary and Reactor Buildings and the portion of the Turbine Building which is associated with fire protection and the safe shut-down of the station. The nearby Keowee Hydro Plant was surveyed.
Combustible materials ware considered to be:
- 1. Flammable liquids including lubricants used in motors, pumps and other equipment.
- 2. Combustible portions of pover and control cable used in the plant.
- 3. Other material which was observed during the inventory that would contribute to the combustible loading.
Combustible loadings for each of these were:
- 1. Flammable liquids, lubricants = 16,000 BTU /LB,
- 2. Power / Control Ccble = 10,000 BTU /LB.
- 3. Other materials (Class A) = 8,000 BTU /LB.
Quantities of combustible IIquids and lubricants were obtained from documents and personnel associated with the purchase of equipment.
Estimated quantitles of power and control cable were obtained from computer programs which were used to route cables. Using this infor-mation a BTU contribution was calculated. In each case, the on site Inventory was used to verify the loading conditions.
Drawings in Appendix A identify the estimated combustible loading on each elevation and fire area. These drawings also show the location of hose stations and portable extinguishers.
A summary presented in Appendix 8 outlines those modifications which Duke Power Company intends to perform to reinforce the fire protection program at Oconee Nuclear Station.
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- 2. Deslan Bases The overall fire protection program is based on an analysis of the potential fire hazards in the Auxiliary, Reactor Buildings, and areas of the Turbine Building and the effect of postulated design basis fires relative to maintaining the ability to perform safe shutdown functions and minimize radioactive releases to the environment.
- 3. Backuo Total reliance is not placed on a single fire suppression method. In addition to the hose station locations on Elevations 771+0 and 783+9 of the Auxiliary Building, there are portable extinguishers located throughout the Auxiliary and Reactor Buildings. Drawings attached in Appendix A show locations of portable extinguishers and hose stations at each elevation.
4 Sinole Failure Criterion The High Pressure Service Water System (HPSW) provides water for the fire protection system at Oconee. Two 6,000 GPM (at 117 psig) pumps and one 500 GPM jockey pump (at 117 psig) supply the HPSV System.
The 500 GPM Jockey pump normally operates to maintain the system pressure on the fire protection headers. In the event of a fire, one 6000 GPM pump will provide sufficient water for fire protection service.
The second 6000 GPM pump is considered to be a spare.
Pump suctions are connected to the condenser cooling water (CCW) header in the respective units. Manual isolation valves are provided so that service water may be supplied by either or all inlet headers, if power to the CCW pumps is lost, the emergency discharge to the Keowee hydro tallrace will automatically open and the system would continue to function as an unassisted syphon. CCW normal flow 13 177,000 GPM with each of the twelve (12) pumps.
A 100,000 gallon elevated storage tank provides a back-up supply of water for fire protection.
Power to the Jockey pump is provided from 600V Motor Control Center IXE located at Elevation 775 which is normally fed from 600V load center IX3 located at Elevation 796 with an alternate supply from 600V load center i IX2 at Elevation 796 The Jockey pump is located in Unit 2 along with '
HPEW pump B. Power to HP5W pump B is furnished directly from 4160V Bus No. 1 Unit No. 1.
HPSW Pump A is located in Unit 1 and power is furnished directly from 4160V Sus No. 2 Unit No. 1.
Power to these pumps may be fed from Unit 1, 2 or 3; through the 230 KV and/or 525 KV systems; Unit 1 or 2 of Keowee Hydro Units; or from Combustion Turbines located at Lee Steam Station. These alternate A-2
sources, including the emergency power from Keowee, assure that the fire protection system will have power.
- 5. Fire Sucoression Systems Failure or inadvertent operation of an automatic fire suppression system will not incapacitate redundant safe shutdown systems or functions.
6 Fuel Storace Areas New reactor fuel is stored in the Spent Fuel Pool prior to installation in the reactor. Hazards analysis performed on this area (Spent Fuel Pool Area) revealed an insignificant amount of combustibles ordinarily in the area and no additional fire protection will be afforded.
- 7. Fuel Loadina N/A
- 8. Multiole-Reactor Sites N/A 9 Simul taneous Fires Equipment required for safe shutdown in case of fire is unique to each unit; therefore, simultaneous fires in more than one reactor unit are not considered.
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B. Administrative Procedures, Controls and Fire Brigade Administrative procedures consistent with the need for maintaining the performance of the fire protection system and personnel have been, or will be, established at the Oconee Nuc1 car Station. These procedures have been established on a general basis at the corporate level in the
" Administrative Policy Manual for Nuclear Stations" and on a more g specific basis at the Oconee Nuclear Station through the use of Station Directives and other station documents. Specific examples and refer-ences to administrative procedures will be given in the following discussion. Guidance incorporated in the following publications has been utill:ed as much as practical:
NFPA Organization for Fi re Services NFPA Industrial Fi re Loss Prevention NFPA Management of Fire Emergencies NFPA Management Responsibility for Effects of Fire on Operations NFPA Private Fire Srigades
- 2. Bulk storage of combustible materials inside or adjacent to safety-related buildings or systems has been prohibited by corporate sdminis-trative policy. Station Directive 3.11.1 has specifically recog-nited the importance of the cable spreading rooms and has prohibited the storage of bulk combustibles in these areas. Reviews of other areas in the station are being conducted and suitable storage locations are being established for the bulk storage of combustibles. Adminis-trative procedures will be developed which will assure that bulk storage of combustibles is eliminated in or adjacent to safety related structures or systems in order to be consistent with inventories used in the fire hazards analysis.
- 3. Reviews are conducted of work requests by the Oconee Planning Section to determine the effects of these activities on station fire barriers or stops. This identification then alerts Maintenance Supervisors to special precautions which must be taken.
i (a) Work involving ignition sources such as welding and burning is performed under closely controlled conditions. Station Directive 5.1.4 has been written to cover these activities in areas which have not been approved specifically by the station safety supervisor.
This directive has been developed by personnel experienced in fire protection to provide guidance and precautions for fire protection when welding or burning. Provisions of the directive require the establishment of clear zones, preparation of floors, considerations
, of the ventilation systems and openings to adjacent rooms. Proper use
! of shielding materials is also required to protect equipment from
( the possibility of stray sparks. Prior to the initiation of welding i or burning, the area must be inspected by a supervisor and written permission must be given. Fire watches trained in the use of fire B-1
fighting equipment, and methods of reporting are stationed during and for thirty minutes after the welding or burning takes place.
The station safety supervisor audits the welding and burning program to assure its proper implementation.
(b) Leak testing and similar procedures such as air flow determination use commercially available aerosol techniques. The only areas in which candles or open flames are permitted are in the search for secondary system condenser vacuum leaks. In this case, open candles are con-sidered acceptable since the areas are sufficiently removed from safety-related equipment and ignition hazards are minimized.
(c) Provisions for the bulk storage of ccmbustible material such as HEPA and charcoal filters and dry Ion exchange resins are described in item B.2 above. Procedures are being developed to control the transient storage of these materials during periods of replacement, and will be consistent with the assumptions used in the fire hazards analysis. The use of wood inside buildings containing safety-related systems or componenets is permitted only when suitable non-combustibles are not available. If wood is required, only fire retardant treated wood is used.
4 The Oconee Nuclear Station organization has been staffed and equipp-d to be self sufficient regarding fire situations which might arise in the protected area. Reliance on the local volunteer fire department only for support to control those fires located outside the site protected area. The local fire departments, however, do receive annual training.
- 5. In order to assure the capability to successfully contain a fire it is necessary to perform testing and maintenance of fire fighting and fire protection equipment, emergency lighting and comnunications equipment.
This is accomplished through the station periodic test program in which the performance of equipment is verified through actual testing as in the case of pumps or Inspection and verification for such items as hoses and fire extinguishers. Testing is not considered necessary for the conmunication system since it also serves as the normal system and is in continuous use. Deficiencies identified as a result of Inspections and use are reported and corrected.
The detailed test procedures for fire protection and fire prevention equipment are administered in the same manner and integrated into the overall station periodic test program. The responsibility for completion of these tests is not assigned to specific individuals but rather are assigned to responsible groups within the station organization to be performed at established frequencies.
A Station Directive has been developed to provide for the reporting and appropriate corrective action to be taken in the event fire prevention and fire protection equipment has been determined to be, or is planned to be made, inoperable. Specific priorities have been established for expediting repairs to this equipment. Additional surveillance is specified as well as other necessary supplementary 8-2
actions. No fire prevention or fire protection equipment will be taken out of service without notifying the station safety supervisor.
(b) The Oconee Fire Brigade organization is addressed by a Station Directive which describes the functions and duties of each position and identifies individuals by title to fill these positions. The organization provides for a Fire Chief, Assistant Fire Chief, Shif t Coverage, and Fire Lieutenants in the maintenance, health physics, and instruments and controls area.
Basic training includes six (two hour) training sessions in the classroom with one practical session. Additionally, training or drill cessions are conducted once a month on a rotating basis for one fire brigade team. At least one unannounced drill will be held annually. Members permanently assigned to the Fire Brigade complete requalification programs at least every two years.
- 6. As discussed in item 5(9, trai ning is provided for the Fire Brigade Members consisting of requalification, monthly training or drill sessions and annual unannounced drills. The shift crew fire fighting organization consists of a-Fire Captain (Shift Supervisor or Assistant Shift Supervisor), Fire Lieutenants (Other Assistant Shift Super-visors) and Brigade members. This crew with backup from off duty sections is capable of responding to fire situations which may exist within the protected area. Training is conducted on an annual basis for the local volunteer fire departrent to describe differences in fire fighting at nuclear power plants as contrasted to fire fighting at conventional industrial facilities.
- 7. Training for the Oconee Nuclear Station Fire Brigade is based uoon NFPA; "Introduct!on to Fire Protection for Business and Industry" and on NFPA's Fire Protection Handbook, 14th Edition.
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C. Quality Assurance Program
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D. General Guidelines for Plant Protection
- 1. Buildino Deslan (a) Plant layout separates safe shutdown systems from unacceptable fi re hazards.
Redundant safe shutdown systems which are subject to damage from a single fire hazard will be protected. Modifications are addressed in Appendix 8.
(b) The fire hazard analysis will be reviewed and updated as necessary.
(c) See Section F.3 for cable room comments.
(d) Interior wall and structural components and radiation shielding are non-combust ible. Coatings are non-combustible with flame spread and fuel contribution of 50 or less.
(e) There is no metal roof deck construction related to safe shutdown systems at Oconee.
(f) Suspended ceilings and their supports are non-combustible.
Combustibles in this area are minimal.
(g) Transformers installed in buildings containing safety related systems are not oil-filled.
(h) Transformers which are oil-filled and within 50 feet of a building containing safety related systems are separated by a three hour barrier and are protected with an automatic water system.
(I) Floor drains are sized to remove fire protection water in locations where suppression systems are present.
(J) The fire hazard analysis determined that fire barriers provided between fire areas are adequate.
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- 2. Control of Combustibles l
(a) Safe shutdown systems are separated from combustible materials except for those required for operation.
(b) There is no bulk gas storage in areas affecting safe shutdown l equipment.
l (c) Power and control cable at Oconee is covered with a PVC Jacket.
Refer to Section 0.3 (f) for discussion of construction and use of i
table at Oconee.
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{ (d) Storage of flammable liquids comply with NFPA 30, " Flammable and i
Combustible Liquids Code".
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- 3. Electric Cable Cc9st ruction, Cable Trav and Cable Penetrations (a) Cable trays are constructed from non-combustible materials.
(b) See Section F.3 (c) Cable splices in raceways are not permitted; cable trays are not filled above side rails and current carrying capacity in cables is designed at 70 percent of manufacturer recommendation. On this basis, the potential of internally generated faults with ensuing fires is considered remote; therefore, protection of the cable insulation and jacketing from an internally initiated fire is not required.
(d) Penetrations in fire barriers, horizontal' and vertical, have been sealed. Figure 1 on page D-2 explains the detail of construction and materials used.
Mono-Kote is the trade name for a fire protection material developed by Construction Products Olvision, W R Grace and Company. It is a cementitious (plaster), mill-mixed material requiring only the addition of water and applied directly to surfaces requiring fire protection.
Mono-Kote has been fire tested and rated by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL) in accordance with ASTM E-119. Fire ratings of up to 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> have been achieved. Testing in accordance with ASTM E-84 by UL demonstrated Flame Spread - 10; Fuel Contribution - 5; and Smoke developed - 0.
Armstrong Armaflex Sheet Insulation is a low-to-medium temperature insulation with high resistance to transmission of water vapor.
Flame spread - 25 in accordance with ASTM E-84 (e) The fire hazard analysis demonstrated the fire breaks presently provided are adequate at Oconee. Current carrying capability of cables is derated by 30 percent of manufactureds rating es a design .
criterion.
(f) The cable used at Oconee is classified as either power, control or instrumentation. !
The 5 and 8 KV cables are three conductor power cables. The tinned l copper conductors are covered with a semi-conductive extruded strand shield, insulated with ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and wrapped with a tinned copper shield tape.
The three conductors are then twisted with a flame retardant non-hygorscopic filler, bound together with binders tape, encased in a 25 mil galvanized steel interlocked armor jacket and covered with a flame retardant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Jacket. (See Figure 2, page D-4 ).
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The three conductor 2KV power cable, which is used for 600 V systems, is constructed the same as the 8-5KV cable sxcept that a hypalon or neoprene jacket has been applied over the EPR insulation in lieu of the tinned copper shield tape.
Control cables are multi-conductor cables. The tinned copper conductor has EPR insulation with the hypalon or neoprene jacket over the singles; the singles have been twisted with the flame retardant non-hygroscopic fillers and covered with an asbestos mylar binder tape. This is encased in 25 mil galvanized steel interlocked armor with a poly-vinyl-chloride jacket.
Instrumentation cable (outside the conta inment) is single or multi-paired cable consisting of #16 AVG copper conductor with PVC insula-tion. The singles are paired and twisted with an aluminum mylar shield with PVC jacket and overall served wire armor encased in a flame retardant PVC jacket.
Instrumentation (inside containment) is multi-conductor and paired cables consisting of #16 AWG, tinned copper conductors insulated with EPR and hypalon Jacket. This is twisted with flame retardant filters, wrapped with an asbestos mylar binder tape and encased in 25 mil galvanized steel interlocked armor with a flame retardant PVC jacket ove ra l l .
The use of armor on cables ensures they are more resistant to fire, mechanical damage and electrostatic and electromagnetic interferences.
The armor also provides protection from short circuits and overloads.
(g) Any new cable installed at Oconee will be constructed similar to the cable presently used at the station.
(h) Cable trays are used to route cable. There is no piping in cable trays and no cable is run in pipe trenches. Miscellaneous storage is not permitted in the cable trays and the fire hazard analysis determined no additional hazards present in cable tray runs.
(i) The cable rooms, the equipment rooms and the cable shafts are l provided with smoke venting capabilities. Portable purge fans would augment installed equipment.
(J) Only those cables which are required are routed to the control room. Cables entering the control room terminate there. There are no power and control cables in concealed floor and ceiling space; therefore, a fire suppression system is not required in this area.
4 l Ventilation l
1 (a) At Oconee a common ventilation system serves the control, cable and equipment rooms for Unit 1 and Unit 2. In Unit 3, each of these areas has a separate conditioning system.
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POSITIONS A. Overall Requirements of Nuclear Plant Fire Protection Program
- 1. Personnel The Vice President, Steam Production Department has delegq;ed respon-sibility for implementation of the fire protection program through the Manager, Nuclear Production to the Station Manager, Oconee Nuclear Station, in the established station organization, the Station Safety Supe rvisor provides review, approval, expertise, guidance and support in the implementation of the program.
The Vice President, Design Engineering has the responsibility for providing technical expertise and support related to fire protection at Duke Power Company's nuclear stations. The formulation and assur-ance of this program has been delegated to the Chief Engineer, Civil and Environmental Division. Within the Civil-Environmental Division, the responsibility for fire protection has been placed with the Architectural and General Arrangement Group. An Engineer, with the title Fire Protection Engineer, has been assigned to the Architectural and General Arrangement Group full time to assist in the design and selection of equipment and development of the fire protection program.
To provide additional multi-discipline review of the Company fire protection program a Fire Protection Task Force has been formed with membership from the Design Engineering, Construction, Steam Production, Electrical Maintenance and Constructing, Safety, Purchasing and Insurance Departments. This task force is responsible for reviewing policies and methods used to implement the Company fire protection p rog ram. The Task Force Chairman is the Group Head, Architectural and General Arrangenent Group.
To assist the Fire Protection Engineer and Task Force a registered fire orotection engineer has been engaged on a consulting basis. The consulting engineer has twenty five (25) years experience in the field of industrial fire protection. A copy of the resume for the consultant is included in Appendix C of this report.
in placing responsibility of fire protection with the Civil-Environmental Division, The Architectural and General Arrangement Group of the Civil-Environmental Division has responsibility for building layout and coordination of equipment and system location. With completion of fire hazard analysis, the layout of fire zones will be accomplished within this group.
The Fire Protection Engineer will review the design, layout and installation of the fire detection and suppression systems. The Fire Protection Engineer will have the Fire Protection Task Force as well as the Consultant at his disposal during these review periods.
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In Units 1 and 2 pressurizing and vent ilation air is brought from the outside, sent through one of the two redundant fan and filter units after which it mixes with return air. The mixed air is then conditioned and conveyed to the control cable and equipment rooms.
A connecting cable shaft between the cable and equipnent rooms is used to convey cool air to the equipment rooms.
Approximately 1800 CFM passes from the Unit i equipment room to Unit 2 equipment room to maintain air balance conditions.
A purge fan is located in the wall of Unit 2 equipment room to purge air to the Auxiliary Building corridor where it would be transported by the Auxiliary Building HVAC equipment, monitored and exhausted through the unit vent, in Unit 3, two purge exhaust ducts are furnished for the equipment room and kitchen area of the control room. These exhaust ducts enable the equipment room, cable room and the control room to be purged in the event of a fire.
The equipment and cable rooms of Unit 3 are equipped with individual air handling units and are balanced. In the event of purging, the cable shaft would be used to carry smoke from the cable room to the equipment room.
The fan for purging Unit 3 is located on Elevation 338+0 with HVAC equipnent and would exhaust to that area enabling the Auxiliary Building System to pick up, monitor and discharge products of combustion through the unit vent. The Unit I and Unit 2 control room would be purged with equipment.
The Reactor Building's ventilation systems ans designed to remove normal heat loss from equipment and to purge the containment with fresh air when circumstances dictate. The purge equipnent for the areas, except for interior ducts, is located outside the Reactor Building. The discharge is monitored and alarmed to prevent releases exceeding acceptable limits.
(b) in Units 1 and 2 the purge fan is located in the Unit 2 equipnent room waII. This 3500 CFM fan is available to purge smoke to the Auxiliary Building corridor where it can be-exhausted by the Auxiliary Building HVAC system. This purge fan would remove smoke from the Unit I and 2 cable rooms and Unit 1 and 2 equipment rooms.
The Unit 3 purge fan is designed to remove smoke from the control room through the kitchen and from the equipment room. This smoke would be exhausted to the HVAC level of the Auxiliary Building and handled by the HVAC system at that point.
Neither a single failure nor an inadvertent operation of the purge systems would adversely affect plant operations. A single failure
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would require portable equipnent be used to purge individual areas.
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The Reactor Building purge system is monitored and alarmed in the control room to prevent discharge to the atmosphere in the event of an inadvertent operation; therefore, the protection of the public would be maintained.
(c) The power and controls for the HVAC units serving the control rooms, cable rooms and equipment rooms are located at the air handling units and will be raparated from the areas with a three-hour fire barrier. %
(d) Redundant fans, cross connected piping and locked open filter inlet valves render incredible the loss of cont ing air to the filters.
An analysis showed at least five heurs between loss of air flow until charcoal ignition temperature is reached. This is ample time to start the stand-by fan and restore air flow.
Adequate instrumentation is provided to detect icss of air flow through filters. Reduction in air flow belew the preset minimum would cause an alarm in the control room.
(e) The fresh air intakes for che air handling units are located on the Auxiliary Building roof. The outside air is used only to make-up lost air in the system in that return air is circulated to cool areas.
(f) Escape and access routes will be established by pre-fire plan and practiced in drills by operating and fire brigade personnel.
(g) Due to construction arrangement and discharge limitations, smoke and heat vents are not applicable.
(h) Self-contained breathing apparatus, using full face positive pressure masks, approved by either NIOSH or US Bureau of Mines are provided for fire brigade, damage control and control room personnel.
Air for refilling the air packs is provided from a dual cascade system. Two banks of three 3600 cubic foot air cylinders are centrally located for a reserve air supply.
(i) Not Applicable
- 5. Lighting and Communication in addition to the normal ac lighting system, for each unit two separate emergency lighting systems are provided. These are an emergency 250V de lighting system and a separate engineered safe-guards 208Y/120 volt ac lighting system. These two systems are separate and distinct.
(a) Fixed emergency de lighting is fed from batteries that supply power for approximately one hour.
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Since two ac lighting systems and one de emergency lighting system are provided this is considered adequate.
The engineered safeguards lighting system (ac), which is normally de-energized, provides lighting in the Auxiliary Building to enable personnel to leave or enter as necessary. Power is provided from two engineered safeguards 600 volt ac control centers through two 600/208Y/120 volt ac dry type transformers which in turn feed each of two panel boards located in the equipment room area. The engineered safeguard lighting is energized automatically by undervoltage sensing relays monitoring the normal 600 volt ac feeder voltage.
The 250 volt dc ;Ighting system, which is normally de-energized, provides operating level lighting in the control room and lighting at selected stairs and corridors in the Auxiliary, Turbine ard Reactor Buildings. The emergency lighting is energized automatically by an undervoltage sensing relay mounted on Individual panel boards located in their associated areas. Control power for the under-voltage transfer circuit is provided from the 250 voit de station batteries. A test button is also provided at each panelboard to test the operability of the system without affecting normal lighting.
Associated lighting units are Incandescent.
(c) Sealed beam portable lights are provided for fire brigade personnel, i (c) The primary method of communication is a Bell Telephone Dimension l system with outside as well as in-plant connections. In conjunction with the telephone, a page system is used for calls throughout the l plant. Each tele,..one is marked with emergency numbers for the control rooms, Safety Supervisor, Health Physics and instructions
! for using the page system.
j Sound powered telephones are available throughout the plant in addition
! to the Bell telephone-page system.
(d) Radio communication is available with base stations in the Unit 1/2 control room and the security office. Portable radios are available at each of these locations.
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E. Fire Detection and Sucoression
- 1. Fire Detection (a) Deviations from NFPA 72D are identified and justified by paragrcph number per National Fire Code, 1976:
1212 - Automatic logging device which records date and time of alarm is not provided. This function is part of the operator's responsibility.
1221, 1223 - At Oconee, the alarm comes into the control room. The operator then notifies plant personnel of the fire loca tion .
1231 - Alarms on the control board are tested on each 8-hour shif t by operator procedures.
1232 - Procedures require annual testing of transmitters and water-flow actuated devices. Mulsifyra systems are tested on a semi-annual basis.
2110 - The Oconee fire detection system is cabled using aluminum-sheathed #16 AWG cable for signal transmission. This coole meets -
t or exceeds the requirements for physical and electrical protection as defined in NEC, Article 760 2222, 2223 - The fire detection system at Oconee is powered from a battery-backed power supply through a static inverter to provide 240/120 VAC. These batteries are considered Non-Class lE and are continuously charged from normal station power. On loss of normal s tation power, the system is designed to provide power to the fire detection system for one hour. In addition, a transfer switch is provided for transferring the inverter loads to regulated normal station AC power should a malfunction of the battery inverter supply occur.
2521 - The annunciator audible alert at Ocenee serves the fire detection system as well as other plant systems. The visual Indicator provided by the visual display prevents operator confusion regarding source of the alarm.
(b) The fire detection system provides an audible and visual alarm and annunciation in the control room. Local audible alarms do not sound at the location of the fire. The operator receives the alarm in the control room, dispatches plant personnel to the location of the alarm to ascertain the local conditions and then,1f necessary, summons the fire brigade by the PA system. By using the PA system, the chance of misinterpretation of the alarm is minimized.
(c) As stated in (b) above, with the use of the PA system, the possibility of confusion of the fire alarm with any other plant system alarms is negilgible.
(d) The fire detection system is powered f rom a battery-backed power supply through a static inverter to provide 240/120 VAC.
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f These batteries are considered Non-Class IE and are continuously charged from normal station power. If normal station power is lost the system is designed to provide power to the detection system for one hour. in addition, a transfer switch is provided for transfer-ring the inverter loads to regulated normal station AC power should a malfunction of the battery / inverter supply occur. This system design provides a power supply as dependable as the emergency power source.
Locations of detection devices are shown in Table 1, page E-3.
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TABLE"1 DETECTION DEVICES Auxillary Building: Elev. 771+0 Room 119: 3 Detectors for MCC IXL, IXN, 2XL, 2XN and Gas Analyzer Panel 159: 2 Detectors for MCC 3XL, 3XN Auxiliary Buildine: Elev. 796+6 i
Room 310: 6 Detectors for Equipment Room, Unit I l 311: 6 Detectors for Equipment Room, Unit 2 '
1 354: 5 Detectors for Equipment Room, Uni t 3 Reactor Building: Elev. 796+6 (For Each Unit) 4 Detectors above peaetrations 4 Detectors above RC Pumps 3 Detectors near air flew streams for RB Coolant Units Auxillary Building: Elev. 809+3 1
I Room 400: 2 Detectors for Unit i Battery Room l 402: 3 Detectors for Unit 1 Penetration Room MCC IXH, IXI, IXJ, IXK i
403: 4 Detectors for Unit I Cable Room 4 04: 4 Detectors for Unit 2 Cable Room 407: 3 Detectors for Unit 2 Penetration Room MCC 2XH, 2XI, 2XJ, 2XK 408: 2 Detectors for Unit 2 Battery Room 450: 6 Detectors for Unit 3 Cable Room 452: 3 Detectors for Unit 3 Penetration Room MCC 3XH, 3XI, 3XJ. 3XK 455: 2 Detectors for Uni t 3 Ventilation equipment Auxiliary Building: Elev. 822+0 Room 506: 4 Detectors for Unit i Penetration Room above penetrations 510: 5 Detectors for Unit 1/2 Control Room 519: 4 Detectors for Unit 2 Penetration Room above penetrations 550: 3 Detectors for Unit 3 Contro; Room 562: 4 Detectors for Unit 3 Penetration Room above penetrations Cable Shaft: Detectors located in Cable Shaf t for each Unit E-3
- 2. Fire Protection Water Sucoly Svstems (a) An underground fire loop (16" cement-lined, ductile Iron pipe) is provided around the perimeter of the plant site as shown on Drawing 0FP-1 in Appendix A. Post indicator valves are provided and will be scaled and locked open to reduce inadvertant closing of valves required open for fire protection. Weekly recorded inspections of fire protection valves and key control procedures will back up the availability of water for fire protection. Post indicator valves are arranged to provide isolation to portions of the main for maintenance or repair without shutting off the complete system.
Valves will allow other servico water systems to be removed from the HPSW system without compromising the. fire protection system.
(b) As Indicated in 3.2(a), a 16" loop is provided around the perimeter of the plant. Connections from this header to the units are redundant. Headers for E1. 771+0 and E1. 783+9 are fed f rom the 16" line coming f rom the Turbine Building (one source from each elevation header with the Elevation 771+0 header supplying five hose stations and the Elevation 783+9 header supplying six hose s ta tions . )
(c) Two 6000 gpm and one 500 gpm (Jockey) high pressure service water pumps supply the HPSW system.
The 500 gpm pump will normally operate to keep pressure on the fire headers. In the event of a fire, one full size pump provides adequate capacity for fire protection service. The second full size pump is considered to be a spare.
A 100,000 gallon elevated storage tank provides a back-up supply of water for fire protection.
Each pump has a motor with power taken from separate sources, Ie:
)
HPSW Pump A powe r f rom Bus No. 2 Un i t No . 1 ; H PSW Pump B powe r f rom '
Bus No. 1, Uni t No. 1. !
Since both HPSW pumps are powered directly from the 4160 V Buses which are interconnected between Units 1, 2 and 3 and to the emergency power f rom Keowee Hydro, adequate backup power is provided.
The HPSW pumps are located in separate concrete block structures l with power cable to the motors being embedded in concrete floor.
Separation is by three-hour fire walls.
Alarms for pumps operation, failure to start, system pressure, elevated storage tank water level and availability are provided to the control room.
(d) Water is supplied to the HPSW pumps from the CCW system piping.
Intake for this water is through the twelve pumps located at the intake structure. Even if power is lost to the CCW pumps, the system can continue to function as a syphon and water would be available to the fire protection system.
E-4
[
intake for the HPSW pumps is located at the CCW cross-connect header in Unit I for HPSW pump B and Unit 2 for HPSV pump A and the Jockey pump. The CCW headers are connected between Units 1, 2 and 3 to allow flow from either or all units as required.
A 100,000 gallon elevated storage tank is also provided for water for fire protection.
(e) The total water supply using one 6000 gpm pump for two hours is 720,000 gallons.
The greatest demand for fire protection water is based on 1000 GPM for fire hose plus 2571 GPM (all sprinkler heads opened and flowing in the largest fire area in the Turbine Building) or 3571 G PM .
(f) Water for the fire protection system is provided from Lake Keowee. Full pond elevation is 800+0 with maximum drawdown at elevation 775+0.
Between elevation 800+0 (tuli pond) and elevation 775+0 (maximum drawdown) there are 391,679 acre-feet of water available.
(g) Fire hydrants are installed at a maximum of every 300 feet.
Hose supplies are adequate to provide fire protection to all perimeter areas. Post Indicator valves are provided and sections of the fire loop can be Isolated for maintenance or repairs. Hose houses are located at several yard hydrants and are equipped with at least 200 feet of li" hose, 200 feet of 29' hose, two - 29' to it' reducers, 1 - It' ABC nozzle and I - It' variable nozzle.
- 3. Water Sorinklers and Hose Standoice Systems (a) Each automatic sprinkler system and hose station header has an independent connection to the plant HPSW System.
(b) Valves for the HPSV system are not electrically supervised. A program will be adopted at the station which will require fire protection valves to be sealed and locked in the normal open position. A periodic recorded inspection will be conducted to ensure that there has been no tampering with the fire protection valves.
(c) The automatic sprinkler systems were designed to conform to requirements of appropriate NFPA Standards.
(d) Hose stations installations are equipped with a maximum of 75 feet of li Inch woven Jacket - lined fire hose with an adjustable nozzle.
Hose stations are located on the first and second levels (Elevation 771+0 and 783+9) in the Auxiliary Building as shown on Drawings 0FP-3 and -4 in Appendix A. No hose stations are located in the Reactor Building.
E-5
'l
I h (e) Adjustable nozzles are provided on hoses for fighting fires.
These nozzles are appropriate for the type fires which might occur.
(f) There are no fire suppression systems at Oconee which use aqueous film forming foam.
- 4. Halon Suopression System M/A
- 5. carbon Dioxide suooression system N/A
- 6. Portable Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers are provided in accordance with NFPA 10 and 10A, " Portable Fire Extinguishers, Maintenance and Use."
l i
I E-6 m
-4
F. Guidelines for Specific Plant Areas
- 1. Primary and Secondarv Containment (a) The Reactor Coolant Pumps, which are not required for safe shut-down, have been modified to prevent oil spillage reaching areas which may be above the flash point of the lubricating oil. The upper and lower oil pots have been modified with a shield to catch oil and carry it to a tank to reduce fire potential.
The cable used at Oconee is constructed such that internal faults will not be a source of ignition. The cable construction was discussed previously in Section 0.3 (f) .
Charcoal filters are treated as described in Section D.4 (d). Portable extinguishers are available in the area in case a fire should start.
(b) During refueling and maintenance periods, an excess of materials and personnel are in areas which are normally clear (le work areas outside personnel hatches) . During these periods, security personnel are on duty 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> at the personnel hatch entrance and are in a position to observe maintenance activities.
Station Directives require permits for any welding and cutting operations and ensure that proper supervision is present and conscious of additional fire and safety hazards.
Portable fire extinguishers are provided within the containment. In the event of a fire, fire brigade personnel would bring additional fire extinguishers to the area for fire fighting.
Scott Air-Paks are provided for the fire brigade personnel and additional air supply is available on site as previously described.
- 2. Control Room The control room is isolated from other areas of the plant by three hour fire barriers. There are two doors to stairways with li hour rated doors, but fire hazards analysis indicated that lihourdoors are adequate.
Fire hazard's analysis indicated a requirement for providing additional detection devices inside cabinets and console, but combustible loading in the general area is such that there is limited exposure from this source. Hose stations are located adjacent to each control room area with portable extinguishers provided in and around the general area.
Guidance will be provided for the fire brigade concerning use of water in the control room.
Nozzles used on the hose stations in the area are the adjustable type which would cope with actual fire fighting needs, satisfy electrical safety and minimize physical damage to electrical equipment from hose stream impingement.
F-1 e
Fire detection is provided in the control room. The ionization detectors alarm on the control panel along with alarms from other areas of the plant. In addition to adding detectors in the cabinets and consoles, the location of several detectors will be modified in accordance with applicable NFPA Standard to provide effective coverage.
Breathing apparatus for control room operators is provided for each control room. Two Scott Air-Paks are provided in each complex with additional air supply available as described in Section D.4 (h) .
Control room walls, floors, ceiling and supporting structures are designated as three hour barriers with the exceptial of the doors leading to stairways adjacent to the contol room which have li hour ratings.
Power znd control cables are not located in concealed floor and ceiling space and cables entering the control room terminate there.
- 3. Cable Soreadino Room (a) The cable rooms at Oconee have ionization detectors and portable ext inguishers available. Refer to Appendix 8 for modifications.
Manual hose stations are located in the area and, with additional hose, could be used in the cable rooms. Portable extinguishers are provided.
Cable rooms are separated from other plant areas by three hour fire barriers and have at least two remote and separate entrances to provide access by fire brigade personnel. ,
(b) Refer to Appendix 8 for modification to the cable shaft connect-Ing equipment room and cable room for each unit.
4 Plant Comouter Room Each control room has a computer room adjoining it. These computers are not control computers and perform no safety functions. Refe r to Appendix B for modifications.
- 5. Switchgear Rooms Equipment rooms at Oconee are separated from other plant areas by adequate barriers. Automatic fire detection alarms and annunciates in the control room. Fire hose stations and portable extinguishers are readily available. Switchgear for equipment is located in the Turbine Building at Elevation 796+6 Detectors are provided which alarm and annunciate in tie control room.
Refer to Appendix B for modification I
F-2 -
wai
- 6. Remote Safety Related Panels Combustible materials are not located in the area of the remote shutdown panels. Hose stations and portable extinguishers are available.
- 7. Station Batterv Rooms Battery rooms are separated from other areas by 3-hour walls with li hour doors. The hazard analysis performed Indicated that I hour barriers are sufficient. Ventilation systems in the battery rooms are designed to maintain the hydrogen concentration below the two percent volume concentration. Portable fire extinguishers are provided in each battery room in addition to extra extinguishers in adjacent areas.
~
- 8. Turbine L'ubricatIen and Control' Oil Storace and Use Area The main turbine oi1 tanks are located on the Mezzanine Floor (Ele-vation 796+6). Each tank and distribution system is protected by an ionization detector and an automatic deluge sprinkler system.
- 9. Diesel Generator Area Emergency power for Oconee is the Keowee Hydro Statlan; therefore, there are no diesel generators at the station.
Keowee is a two-unit hydro plant with a combined output of 175,000 KVA which is connected to Oconee's 230 KV switching station through a single circuit overhead transmission line and to the Oconee startup transformers through : a single circuit 13.8 KV underground line.
Transformers at Keowee are protected by an automatic deluge system and the station is equipped with detection which alarms and annunciates in the Keowee and Oconee control rooms.
- 10. Diesel Fuel Oil Storage A reas Not Applicable
- 11. Safety Related Pumps (a) High Pressure injection Pumps: Located in the Auxiliary Building at Elevation 758+0. A fire would not incapacitate redundant pumps according to the fire hazard analysis. Refer to Appendix 8 for modificati on.
(b) Low Pressure injection Pumps: See (a) above.
(c) Low Pressure Service Water Pumps: Located in the Turbine Building at Elevation 775+0.
(d) Emergency Feedwater Pump: Located in thtTurbine Building at-Elevation 775+0. Detection which alarms and annunciates in the control room is provided in addition to an automatic sprinkler system.
F-3
- 12. New Fuel Area At the present time new fuel is put into the spent fuel pool prior to installation in the reactor. No specific area has been designated as new fuel area. The spent fuel pool area is protected by portable extinguishers and the fire hazard analysis demonstrated that this is sufficient.
- 13. Soent Fuel Pool Area See comment 12.
14 Radwaste Buildino At Oconee, the Radwaste Building is a separate building. Fire hydrants and portable extinguishers are located in and around the Radwaste Building. An operator is on duty when the Radwaste Buildirg is being utilized.
- 15. Decontamination Area Flammable liquids are not stored in the Decontamination Area.
- 16. Safety Related Water Tanks Storage tanks supplying water for safe shutdown are protected by fire rated walls from the effects of fire. Portable extinguishers are provided in the area.
- 17. coolina Towers Not Applicable
- 18. Miscellaneous Arees Records storage areas, shops, warehouses and auxiliary boIIers are located such that if a fire occurs in this area it will not affect the safe shutdown equipment. The fuel oil tank for the auxiliary boiler is buried.
. 9 F-4
G. SPECI AL PROTECTION GUIDELINES
. 1. Welding and Cuttina, Acetylene - Oxvaen Fuel Gas Systems Stations procedures cover storage and use of this equipment in accordance with NFPA 51 and 518. A parmit system is required to utilize this equipment.
- 2. Storage Areas for O rv lon Exchance Resins The fire hazard analysis results demonstrated present storage methods to be adequate.
- 3. Hazardous Chemicals Not Applicable 4 Materials Containing Radioactivity Materials are stored in appropriate containers away from ignition sources and fire involvement.
l G-1 t
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APPENDlX B - I l l 3
1 Appendix B Modifications to the Oconee Nuclear Station Fire Protection Procram The fire hazard analysis was conducted using the criteria: Class A combustibles generate 8,000 STU/LB. Control and Instrumentation cable generate 10,000 BTU /LB. Lubricants generate 16,000 BTU /LB. Af ter the total combustible loading for an area was detarmined, the present fire protection, including barriers, was surveyed to determine i f it of fe red adequate protection according to the following: 2 Aloadingoflessthan2LB/FT was considered light 2 loading; from 2 LS/FT2 to 20 LB/FT , moderate loeding; and over 20 LB/FT , heavy loading. As a result of this analysis, the following modifications will be implemented at the Oconee Nuclear Station:
- 1. Elevation 758+0 (a) Smoke detectors will be provided for LP and HP Injection Pumps in accordance wIth applicable standards.
- 2. Elevation 771+0 (a) Fire hazard analysis indicated fire protection program is adequate except the hose station header for E1. 771+0 will be connected to hose station header for El 783+9 to have dual feeding capability.
- 3. Elevation 783+9 (a) Smoke detectors will be provided in Storage Areas 204, 224 and 264 Detection is sufficient since storage areas are not in vicinity of safe shutdown equipment.
4 Elevation 796+6 (a) Smoke detectors will be provided in the following areas and are adequate for reasons stated in 3 (a). (1) Work Areas 300, 347, 376 (2) Laundry Storage Areas 337, 338, 339. (3) Janitor / Towel Storage Areas 313, 314, 357, 365, 365. (4) Protective Clothing Areas 322, 36c. (5) Laboratory Areas 329, 330, 333, 334, 3.5, 369A, B, C. (b) Modifications.to Equipment Rooms 310, 311, 354 I
Appendix 8 (1) Spray cables with fire retardant coating. (2) Close opening in cable shaft with fire barrier to separate from equipment room. (3) Replace door to HVAC equipment room witn three-hour rated door.
- 5. Elevation 809+3 (a) Modifications to penetration rooms 402, 407, 409, 410, 452, 456.
(1) Spray cable with fire retardant coating in accordance with applicable standards. (b) Modification to cable rooms 403, 404, 450. (1) Same as 5 (a) . (2) Close opening in cable shaft with fire barrier to separate from cable room. (3) Replace door to HVAC equipment room with three-hour rated door. (4) Spray cable with fire retardant coating. (c) Spray cable in connecting cable shafts with flame retardant coating. (d) Smoke detectors will be provided in accordance with applicable standards for the Unit 3 battery room.
- 6. Elevation 822+0 (a)~ Modifications to control room areas 510, 552.
(1) Smoke detection wi!1 be provided in electrical maintt 1ance, kitchen and computer rooms. 't (2) Lower the smoke detectors from above the ceiling panels and expose them to the room envi ronment. (3) Place smoke detectors in cabinets and consoles in accordance with applicable standards.
- 7. Elevation 838+0 (a) Modifications to storage and protective clothing areas 611, 658.
(1) Smoke detectors will be provided in accordance with applicable standards. 4 2
e O ( l APPENDIX C e t
l RESUME OF FIRE PROTECTION CONSULTANT APPENDIX C Mr. N A Allen is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of North and South Carolina with over twenty-five (25) years of experience in fire and life safety engineering. He is a graduate of the University
, of South Carolina with a BS Degree in Civil Engineering. Upon graduation, he commenced work with Factory Mutual Engineering Association and remained with them for over twenty (20) years, advancing from Trainee to Senior Supervising Engineer in their Charlotte District Office. After basic training with Factory Mutual, his work, until 1950, involved inspecting various industrial properties throughout Southeast United States and Puerto Rico as a Field Representative.
The purpose of these inspections was to detect weaknesses in construction, occupancy and protection and to make these known through reports to management. These reports included descriptions and recommendations for the purpose of property conservation, including safeguarding life. As a Resident Representative in Columbia, South Carolina, work during the period 1950 until 1961 followed much the same pattern as above but was in more depth from an engineering standpoint. The territory included South Carolina, Georgia and parts of Florida. In addition to field inspections of existing facilities, consultation was provided to Professional Engineers, Architects and Plant Engineering Staffs in the various requirements needed to comply with recognized standards. Such advise was needed especially in connection with design of new plants or additions to existing plants. The design advise provided included three basic categories, namely, construction, occupancy and protect ion. Construction design advise concerns the most suitable type of construction for the application. The design and acceptability of fire walls, as well as the acceptability of structures from a windstorm and collapse standpoint was included. The occupancy phase includes advise on safe arrangements of hazardous processes in con-junction with the need for design of explosion venting, fire cutoffs, ventilation rates, drainage and electrical equipment. The protec-tion phase i ncludes design such as establishing fire protection water demands and layouts for the most practical and economical ways of accomplishment. This often include < hydraulic analysis of automatic sprinkler systems, yard mains and public water systems. As Senior Supervising Engineer in the Charlotte Factory Mutual Engineering Office, work during the period 1961 to 1971 included supervision and training of field and staff personnel, as well as handling particular assignments of special fire protection engineering problems. One special assignment entailed a six months trip to England, Belgium and Germany, in which advice was given to Consulting Engineers and to the engineering staff of an industrial firm (Ford of Europe) in design of fire protection for approximately twenty-five (25) large plants. The problem encountered on this assignment were quite unique since their codes and philosophy vary from ours. However, this experience is considered beneficial as it helps provide a more well rounded
, engineering background. He also acted as Special Account Representative for several large industrial firms (Drexel Furniture, Broyhill Furniture, Beaunit Textiles and Springs Mills) in North and South Carolina to 1
provide coordinated and consistent consultation advise on loss prevention. This involved working together on engineedng matters with the engineering staffs of these firms and with their management. Mr. Allen's work with McNeary insurance Consulting Services, Inc., over the past five years, includes review and design of fire protection for industrial, commercial and institutional properties. This work entails design of fire protection systems of water supplies, gravity tanks, pressure tanks, fire pumps, underground mains, hydrant systems, automatic sprinkler systems, special extinguishing systems, smoke detection, alarm systems, ventilation and communications sys-tems. Consulting work is done in conjunction with architectural and engineering firms. A major client is the member hospitals of the North Carolina and South Carolina Hospital Associations which includes evaluations of hospitals from the fire and safety standpoint to determine where deficiencies exist with recommendations for improvement, when necessary, in conjunction with accreditation and licensing. He is a member of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers, serving as Vice President of the Carolinas Chapter. His work involves keeping abreast of and pnoviding input for NFPA Standards, as well as the North Carolina State Building Code. 2}}