ML19224C154

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Testimony Before Subcommittee on Natural Resources & Environ of House Science & Technology Committee on 790602. W/Supporting Maps,Charts & Tables
ML19224C154
Person / Time
Site: Crane 
Issue date: 06/02/1979
From: Mudge J
Metropolitan Edison Co
To:
References
NUDOCS 7906290194
Download: ML19224C154 (20)


Text

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4 TESTI}IONY BEFORE SUBCO2LMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES AMD E"VIRON!iENT OF HOUSE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COM31ITTEE By James E. IIudge Supervisor-Radiation Safety and Environmental Engineering Metropolitan Edison Company June 2,1979

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4 My name is James E. Mudge.

I am c= ployed as the Supervisor-Radiation Safety and Environ = ental Engineering for Metropolitan Edison Cocpany.

In this capacity I am responsit;a for implementation of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station (TMINS) radiological environmental conitoring program (REMP) by Met-Ed's consultants, Teledyne Isotopes (TI), Radiation Managecent Corporation (RMC) and Porter-Gert: Consultants (PGC).

In ny testi=ony I will briefly describe the scope of the REMP performed in the vicinity of TMINS, both before and after the TMI-2 accident on March 28, 1979.

A radiological environcental conitoring program (REMP) for Three Mile Island Nuclear Station (TMINS) has been conducted by Metropolitan Edison Company since June 1969. The REMP has a preoperational program and an opera-tional program. Unit I achieved initial criticality on June 5, 1974, which

=arked the beginning of the operational phase of the REMP ror Unit 1.

The Operational REMP for Unit 2 began on March 28, 1978, when this unit achieved initial criticality.

In the operational phase of the REMP, radicanalytical data are collected for co=parison to that generated in the preoperational phase. Differences between these two periods are cocpared to determine whether any station effects exist based on the magnitude and fluctuations of radioactivity levels determined in the preoperational phase.

The objectives of the operational radiological environmental program tre:

1 To determine whether any statistically significant increases occur in the concentration of radionuclides in critical pathways; 256 246

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4 2.

To detect any buildup of long-J ied radionuclides in the environment; 3.

To detect any change in ambient gamma radiation levels; 4.

To verify that radioactive releases are within allowable limits and that TMINS operation has nct detrimental effects on the health and safety of the public or on the environment; a: d 5.

To fulfill the obligations of the Radiological Environ =eatal Surveillance sections of the Environmental Technical Specifications.

In order to meet the stated objectives, samples for the operational REMP are taken from the aquatic, accospheric, and terrestrial environ =ents.

Samples of various cedia are selected to obtain data for the evaluation of the radiation dose to man and important organisms. Sample types are based on (1) established critical pathways for the transfer cf radionuclides through the environment to man (Figure 1), and (2) experience g ined during the preoperational and earlier operational phases.

Sampling locata ns are determined from site meterology, Susquehanna River hydrology, local demography and land uses.

Sampling locations are divided into two classes--indicator and control.

Indicator stations are those which are expected to show station effects, if any exist; control sarnles are collected at locations which are believed to be unaffected by staticr. operations. Fluctuations in the levels of radionuclides and direct radiation at indicator stations are evaluated with respect to anal-ogous fluctuations at control stations, which are unrelated to station operations.

Indicator station data are also evaluated relative to background characteristics established prior to station operation. Additional samples beyond those required by the Environmental Technical Specifications are collected, analyzed Pqe 2 256 20

and designated as management audit samples.

The analysis of sa=ples and the analytical data generated during the progra= are reutinely evaluated by the TI project leader who is the liaison with Metropolitan Edison Company personnel.

Table i summarizes information on the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station operational REMP.

Appendix A explains the saeple coding system which specifies sampie type and relative locations at a glance. Table A-1 gives the pertinent inforcation on individual sampling locaticns, prior to the TMI-2 accident, while Maps A-1, 2, and 3 show their geographic locations.

On March 29, 1979 an Emergency REMP was icplemented.

The E=ergency REMP requires, in addition to all normal operational REMP procedures, an increased sampling and analysis frequency and the addition of new sampling stations. From Table 2, specific examples of the increased intensity are:

(1) surface and drinking water, which prior to the accident were composited on a conthly and/or quarterly basis at seven locations, after the accident were collected daily at nine locations; (2) the thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), which prior to the accident were placed at twenty locations every quarter, af ter the accident were collected and replaced every three days; (3) milk samples, radiciodine analyses, which prior to the accident were collected on a biconthly or monthly frequency, after the accident were collected daily; (4) air carticulate, gross beta analyses, which prior to the accident were done weekly, after the accident sare increased to at least once every three days; (5) air iodine analyses, which prior to the accident were done weekly at four locations, af ter the accident were performed every three days at eight locations; and (6) fishes. acuatic seditent and aauatic plants, which prior to the accideat uere sampled on a semiannual f re-quency, af ter the accident were sampled weekly. Two days ago, for the first time since the accident occurred, we reduced the intensity of the ecergency Page 3 256 248 3

REMP conitoring to the levels set in Table 3; however, if at any time the sample results exceed action levels spec _t in Table 3, the Emergency REMP will be reinstated.

Since the TMI-2 accident, samples have been collected, transported, analyzed, and reported per Figure 2.

The sample collector initiates the precess of sample collectica in accordance with applicable procedures and the collection / receipt sheet (Table 4).

Upon receipt of the sample (s) at the analytical laboratory other pertinent information (e.g. laboratory identification number, recipient, date) is recorded and copies are sent to the Acting REMP program director, the data center, the Radiation Protection Supervisor at TMI and the sample collector.

The samples are analyzed in accordance with the consultant laboratory procedures. As soon as analysis results ')ecome availabla from the laboratory, the consultant program director reviews the data (e.g. Table 5), and checks for anocalous values which may be reportable in accordance with the Environmental Technical Specifications. After consultant review, the data.are sent to Met-Ed's REMP data center and the Acting REMP director.

Several environcental samples (duplicate and/or split samples) are supplied to an independent laboratory (i.e. RMC) for quality assurance analyses. These samples comprise approxicately 10% of the normal REHP program, however emphasis and therefore sacple number may be shifted by the REMP director to areas where additional QA analysis may be required while relaxing normal routines.

Sample collection is in accordance with the Procedures for the collection of Quality Assurance and Management Audit samples.

On a daily basis, REMP Data Center personnel receive, review in concert with the REMP director and distribute all data.

The data is sent directly from Page 4 256 249 2

4

S the REMP Data center to bcth the TMI Effluent / Environmental Assessment Group and the Pennsylvania Bureau of Radiological Health.

These groups are immediately advised by telephone of any significant results.

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r wu e THREE MILE ISIEID NUCLEAR SI'ATION RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAi, MONITORING PROGRAM (REMP)

DATA FLOW

" Porter:G ert z._ Consultants {

Porter-Gert2 Consultants 8

Acting REMP Director Sample Collector 6

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!!ETRCPOLITAN EDISON CC!MN TABLE 1 SYMOPSIS OF litt 01'fl%TIO!!AL RAD 10lfGICAL ENVIROMC.7AL )CNITORINO PRCCRAH FCR TMINS JANUARY 1 11tROUQp CECUt3ER 31,1978 hu:3f.R OF ANALYSIS FLJV3ER Cr S A.Y/ L5 COLLECTION SAWI.!!!G TYPE FREQUENCY IKMIOtri SAWt 1 COLLECTED TYPE TREQUENCY S M 7 L' A*:ALYSED Surface 't.ter/

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MC al Drinking Water G:ena f ',C 01 11-3 MC 51 Sr-89 QC 16 S r-30 QC

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8 Sr-89 SA 3

S S r-90 SA Ca.m a SA 3

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Sr-90 SA 6

G 2r.:22 SA 6

Air Particulates W

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295 G a.-:c a MC 24 Gar.m a QC 32 Alphs QC 8

QC.

S Sr-SL Sr-93 QC 8

Air lodine W

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TABLE 1 (cont.)

SYt:01' SIS OF 111f. OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL UNIRChEENTAL MONITORINC TROGRN4 FOR TifINS JAM.!AltY 1 111RCUCl! DECDfCER 31, 1978 SAMPLE COLLECTION SA)IPLING hu!BER OF ANALYSIS htHEER OF TYPE FREQUENCY 1.(k:AT t 0fl0 SMirLES Cb;LECTED TYPE FREQ'JESCY SAPPLES ANALYSED Hilk 6

94 I-131 H, bi-H 92 Ca=na

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QC 23 Sr-90 QC 23 6

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TABLE 2 The E=ergency RE"? requires, in addition to all operational REfB proce-dures, an increased sampling and anal / sis frequency and the addition of new analyses and sampling locations.. The table belov describes the Emergency PE'?

which started on March 29, 1979 No. of Go. of Indicator

Background

Sampling y

edia Locations Locations Frequency Analyses 2

ir Particulates 5

3 Every 3 days Gr beta, gn-,

spec 2

hery 3 days Radiciodine ir Iodine 5

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3 Gross beta, radiciodi:

urface/ Drinking Water 5

2 Dailyg ffluent Water 1

0 Daily Tritium, gn a spec.

5 recipitation 2

2 As Available Gn--n spec.

(rain water) inhes 1

1 Weekly Gn-a spec, strontium quatic Plants 2

1 Weekly (if available)

Gne-n spec.

quatic Sediment 2

1 eekly Gn--a spec, strontiu=

6 ilk b

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egetation h

1 Monthly Radiciodine, gan=a sp.

oil h

1 Monthly Gn-a spec.

7 1sc. Foodstuffs 1

1 As Available Gne-n spec.

2 LD 15 5

Every 3 days Dose rate u

The listed ane. lyses are perfor ed on each sanple and are additional to those performed in the operational REMP.

Sa=pling periods were fro: 3/29-3/31, 3/31-h/3, and every three days thereafter-until h/2h/79 As of h/24/79 sa=ples are collected weekl,.

An indicator location was added on h/22/79 Sampling was done on 3/29, 3/31, and daily thereafter.

Precipitation was collected on 3/31, h/5 and h/27 Milk Is not always availabic frc= a goat farm due to its use by newborn goats.

Includes poultry, beef, eggs, pork, and ga=e if available.

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TABLE 3 Off-Site Emergency Radiolacical Environmental Monitoring Procram As of May 31, 1979_'

Collection Analyses Action Medis Freauency Analyses Frecuency Level

.ir Particulates Weekly Gross Beta Ecch Sample Indicator >10X Background.

lr Iodine Weekly Radioiodine Each Sample 0.9 pCi/=,

urface/ Drinking Daily Radiciodine Each Sample 2 pC1/1 Jater Gross Beta Weekly Composite Indicator >10X Backgrou=d

. eekly Co=posite 20,000 pCi/1 W

Tritiu=

Ga--a Spec Weekly Cc=posite Indicator >10X Backgrou=d

ffluent Water Daily Radiciodine Each Sa=ple Gross Beta Tritiu=

Ga--a Spec

'recipitation Monthly Radioiodine Monthly 2 pCi/1 Gross Beta Indicator 210X Background Tritiu=

20,000 pCi/1 Ga==a Spec Indicator >10X Background ishes Se=i-Strontium Each Sample Indicator >10X Background Annually (July & October)

Ga==a Spec Indicator 710X Background iquatic Plants Semi-Ga==a Spec Each Sample Indicator 710X Bachground Annually (July & October)

\\quatic Semi-Ga==a Spec Each Sample Indicator >10X Background Sediment Annually (July & October) t'llk Weekly Radiciodi 0 Each Sample 5 pC1/1 Ga==a Spec Each Sample Indicator >10X Background disc. Food Stuffs As Available Ga==a Spec Each Sample T* D Monthly Dose Rate Each Sample Indicator >10X Background s

Samples are collected only if available.

2 This level, if exceeded, by confirmed analyses, results in the i=plementation of the more intense surveillance progra; for that media and location as described in Table 2, until the radioacti.ity levels are below the action level for three succencive samples.

3 One milk location (goat far= at IB1) is in excess of the action level and will be sa= pled daily if sufficient milk is available, i,

The normal operational Radiological Environmental Monitoring Progr1= required by the ETS continues to be maintained per Table 1.

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APPENDIX

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Sampling Locations

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a Senole Identification Metropolitan Edison identifies samples by a thrge-part codo..' The first two letters are the power station identification code, in this case TM.

The next one to three letters are for 'the media sampled.

"J Green Leafy Vegetab?cs Air Iodine FPL

=

AI

=

lemersion Dose (TLD)

Air Particulates ID

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AP

=

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=

AQF

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E

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Fruit MG

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D FPF

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The last four symbols are a location code based on directiori and

J distance from the H.te.

Of the lasti four sy=bols, th first two. represent each of the sixteen angular sectors of 22h degrees centered about the reactor site.

Sector one is divided evenly by the north axis and the other sectors are numbered in a clockwise direction; i.e.,

2 = NNE, 3 =

NE, 4 = ENE, 5 = E, etc.

The next digit is a letter which represents the radial distance fron the plant:

,,I a-d 4-5 miles off-site On-site location E

S

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=

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A

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l B

10-20 miles off-site 1-2 ciles off-site G

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20 miles off-site 3-4 =iles off-site H

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..g sector and :One; e.;.,

1, 2,

,j The locatir r:rtions of these co'es (i. e. IS1, 3A1, etc.) are shown in the attair.[d table along with more detailed information and a na: coordine-a

- er used to designate the individual sampics.

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