ML19208D744

Evaluation of Min Fire Brigade Shift Size

ML19208D744
Person / Time
Site:	Rancho Seco
Issue date:	06/08/1979
From:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
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NUDOCS 7909290467
Download: ML19208D744 (20)

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's # ; i, 4 EVALUATION OF MIN!MU.'1 FIRE BRIGACE SHIFT SIZE JUNE 8. 1979 Fo)T T Lo u

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L EVALUATIC:1 CF 4

MI fil."Uti FIRE 3RIGACE SHIFT SIZE Table of Contents I.

Introduction II.

Background

III.

Discussion A. Cefense-in-Cepth Principle S. Fire 3rigade Performance Objective C. Fire Brigade Acticns D. Typical Response to a Postulated Fire in a

!!uclear Plant IV.

Ccnclusion Accencix A - Staff Respense to Licensee's Ar,cuments

1. Fiscorical Fires

2. Offsite Personnel

3. Availability of Cnsite Persennel D**

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EVALUATICN OF MINI.%M FIRE 3R!GACE SHIFT SIZE I.

INTROCUCTION.

Criterien 3 of the General Design Criteria (GCC) for Nuclear Pcwer Plants ( Appendix A to 10 CFR 50) reads as folicws:

" Fire cratection.

Structures, systems and comocnents important to sare:y snali be designed and located to minimize, consistent with other safety requirements, the probability and effect of fires and explosions.

Nonccmbustibie and heat resistant materials shall be used wherever practical throughou the uni t, particularly in locations such as the containment and centrei rocm.

Fire detecticn and fignting syste's of aporcariate ca:acity and capability shall be provided and designed to minimite tr.e adverse effects of fires en structures, systems and ccmocr.ents imoortant to safety.

Fire fignting systems shall be designed to assure that their ructure or inadvertent oceratica dces not significantly imcair the safety ca: ability Of these structures,

systems, and cc.macnents."

The above mentioned fire fignting systems consist of both automatic part of the manual fire fighting system (gade shift is sn essential and manual systems.

The minimum fire bri i.e., detectors, certacle extinguishers, hose stations and fire brigade) whicn must functicn ta

. " minimize the adverse effects of fires en structures, systems and ccm:cnents important to safety."

This evaluation summari:es the staff's and its consul: ant's evaluation of tne fac: Ors that establish the minimum fire brigade shift size.

We have concluded that all operating plant sites snculd have an ensite fire brigade shif t of at least five members -appreoriately trained for fire fignting.

Tne fi ra brigade shift shculd be cacable of ::erforming a s:ectrum of acticns tnat may oe necessary := cc e with a variety of fire situati:ns. One member should be assigned as fire brigade leader to assess the situation and direct fire fignting activities.

Four members should be available to transoort equipment to the fire, c::erate su eression '-

equi;: ment, or cerform rescue work as required ::y the specific fire.

• I.

BACX3RCUND The need for and the role of the fire brigade as part of tne fire protection cr: gram for coer:rirq plants has been under evaluation by the staff since the 3r:wn's Fert U nc in March 1975.

Following i ts study O' m e's Ferry Fire, the Nuclear tegula:O rj C0missicn's Scecial <

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:crt, dated Feoruary 1975, s:a:ed the need # e an adecs a fi re

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"In additicn to adequate equipment desip, Swcess et.

1. i m fighting requires testing and maintenance of the ecuipment and training and practice as teams under realisti: :::ndi:icns for the ensite and offsite cemannel wna must fignt the fire. Onsite and offsite equipment should be comoatible. Emergency clans shoulc reccgnin the need for fire fighting concurrent with other activities.

They should provide for division of available perscnnel into preassigned, trained teams rescensible for the varicus activities needed with precer utilization of offsite fire-fignters." (MUREG-0050 p.6).

"While the Review Grouc believes that such tasic training is

'a necessary eierent in effective preparation for fire fighting, such training alone dces not assure smcoth oceraticn of fire fighting personnel during a fire.

Emergency plans shcuid recognize tne reed for fire fignting concurrent with other activities. There must be a clear understanding of the duties of :ne onsite personnel, with creassigned and trained teams for each needed function. The degree of dependency ucen trained onsite fire fighting personr:el must be related to tne availability of su;;;:crt ::erscnnei frca professional fire fignting units (city or county fire depart: ents, military fire control units, etc.) or trained cersennel in the licensee's crgani:stien who are available for such emergency service.

In ceneral,.:he onsite personnel should have sufficient training and pra.ctice to hancle all small fires, and to centain larger fires until the offsite units arrive. When it is deered prudent to call in the offsite units,

neir= capabilities should be used to the greatest extent possible.

periodic drills, involving all onsite and offsite organizations which may be expected t0 respond to a fire, should be held to enable 2e grou::s

train as a team, cermit the offsite ;:ersonnel to beccme failar with the plant layout, and to ::ermit evaluaticn of the effectiveness of c:=munication among all these involved. Tnese drills should include cperaticns perscnnel, tacse specifically assigned to fire fighting, any offsite emergency centrol centers incolved in the plan, and all those other organizations that wculd nor nally respend to sucn. emergencies."

(NUREG-0050 p.27).

At Sr:wn's Ferry Nuclear Station, a five man site fire Brigade was estaciisned to fight # ires in any of the three units on this site. To assure :he presence of this fire brigace at all times, a requirement for such a fire Drigade organization was inc::rpcrated into the Fire ?ratection

?r: gram for tnese units.

Subsequently, in furtheraxe of the cojective of GOC.3 the NRC reflec ed :nis need at all plants for an adequate fire brigade in all guidelines issued on fire protection (i.e., Branch Technical

?osition (STP) 9.5-1, Accendix A to STP 9.5-1 and Regulatcry Guide (P..G.

1.120.)

These NRC guidelines gave criteria for determining the si:e of the ' ire b rigade :

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. -'The ;! ant shculd be se!'-suf ficient wi th respect Oc fire fighting activities and rely en public resacnse only for supplenental or backup capacility" (Appendix A p.7).

" Guidance is centained in the folicwing publications :... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 27 - Private Fire Brigades" (Appendix A p.4).

Regarding the size of the fire brigade, NFPA 27 states:

"The equip; rent tna: must be put into service at a fire will detemine the number of Ien required for each ccera ing unit or company into which the brigace is organized and the total number needed in the brigade.

Each ccmaany snould have a leader and each brigade should have a chief." (NFPA p.27-3, Vol.12) (Note that the site fire brigade en each shift corres:enos to the ccmeany of NFPA 27; the organization of all shift fire brigades c0rrescends to the brigade of NFPA 27.)

In Ncvem er 1977, the NRC issued additicnal guidanc2 indicating that the fire brigade size should be detemined :y the functions the fire brigade must perform after censideraticn of several factors:

(1) plant gecretry and sire; (2) quantity and quality of deteccion and supcression systems; (3) fire fignting strategies for postulated fires; (a) fire brigade training; (5) fire brigade ecuipment; and (5) fire 'crigade sucolements by plant persdnnel and local fire depart-ments. At that time, :ne staff estaolished an interim fire-brigace size of five perscns until a site specific review could be ccmpleted.

In Novem er 1977, the NRC sent licensees of operating facilities proposed interim Tecnnical Specificatiens for fire protection whica included the requirement for a five man fire brigade.

The NRC position on Minimum Fire Brigade Shift Size was included with the Safety Evaluation sup crting this recuirement.

The licensees' response on the requirement for a five man fire brigade was divided. Of 70 operating facilicies, 51 accepted a five man brigade and 19 presented arguments for a smaller fire brigade shift size.

To effect expeditious implementatien of interi--

Technical Specifications requirements for fire protection, license amendments were issuec wnich added Fire Protecticn Technical Specifications requiring the minimum # ire brigade shift sire as prooosed by the licensees.

Where the licensee arcocsed a fire brigade of fewer than five persons, the amendments centained the ccndition :nat the staff's evaluation of the licensee's basis for the smaller fire brigade si:e would be included in the site specific review of the licensee's fire protecticn program.

In Acril 1978, tne NRC issued additicnal guidance regarding the sharing of perscnnel required ensite for the puracse of plant oceration, industrial security and fire fignting.

Dese guidelines recogni:ed that:

(1) the plant equires a minimum numcer cf :erscnnel to be en the site :: cc:e with either an cperating, security or fire emergency:

(2) the :r:bability of an event whicn recuires entire minimum shif: of each discipline during the first 30 minutes of :'e event is icw; anc 3)

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as the speci fic emirrgency demands.

Since Oc:cber 22, 1975, the NRC fire pectectice review teams : ave visi:ed all operating facilities.

At each site, the staff evaluated the factors icentifiec in its November 1977 guidance.*

III.

OfSCUSSICri

• de found that variations in plant geometry and size were not a determining facter for minimum fire brigade shift size because at all of the clants we fcund ccmcinaticns of hazards, conditions of access, and chysical arrangement of safety related equipment that would require i-: ediate actions by at leas five cersons.

In all but a few plants, the detection and suppression systems and fire brigade strategies, training, equipment, and succlementation by off-shift ;;ersonnel are about ecual because they -et or ccm:.itted to eet staff guidelines.

In sc.e cases, our site evaluation concluced that more than five perscns were recuired for each shif t; hcwever, in these cases, promot modificaticns were made by licensees to reduce the need for the additional manpcwer.

'icne of the clants had succort from local fire decartments which was adequate c reduc 2 the si e of the fire brigade belcw five perscns.

All of the olants had sufficient su::; ort frcm local fire decartment and Of# shif t cersonnel such :na the minimum fire brigace shift size need not be increased above #ive.

'We also fcund tnat the major factors in deter.ining :ne shift size of the fire brigade were (1) the need for leadership of the brigade by a person who is relatively free of other duties, inclucinc activelv ficatinc :ne fire; (2) the equipment to be obtained and usec for fighiinc tne # ire;

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and (3) the acticas to be perfor ed by tne fire brigade for a variety of firit s i tua ti ons.

A.

Defense-In-Cseth The concept of " defense-in-depth" which has been utilized :nroughcu: :ne site specific evaluations contains three major areas of crotection, i.e.,

crevention, detection and suppression.

First, administrative controls are required to limi t the quantity of camoustible and potential igni-icn "5

scurces.

Second, detecticn systems are recuired to inform the plant staff in the event Of a fire. Third, su pression systems, autcmatic and manual, are requirec to extinguish the fire rapidly and successfully.

Functions pertaining to each of these areas requires a minimum level of performance to be accepted, e.g., the # ire brigade must have a minimum acceptable si:e to be given credit f:> :eing acle to perform its frction under a croa: spectrna of condi tions.

The fire brigada is but one element of the" defense-in-decth" fire crotec-tien program wnicn ::ntributes to :ne adequacy of ne fire protection :nat assures :nd :ne cualic heal:n and safety is not endangered due :: Oc ten ti ai c:nsecuences of # ire at an :::erating f acility.

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, precisely defined and that no single echelon of fire cratecMon can be perfect or c mplete in itself.

The demands on t'ne manual fire fignting capability and resources will vary depending en their degree of involvement:

1. If the autcmatic detection and suppression system functions as designed, the comoustibles involved in the fire are limited to these evaluated in the design, and all other conditiens for the fire are the same as for the design evaluatien, the fire will pecbably be centrailed and possibly extinguished oy the installed system.- The fire brigace will be needed to enter the involved area to conduct final " map-uf' acticns and inspection to ensure the fire is comoletely extinguisned.

2. If the fire is of a larger magnituce than the design assumption of the automatic systems or the fire screads beycnd the c:verage of the automatic system because of the detericration of design conditions,

the fire brigade will be required to assist in the extinguishment cperaticn and cassibly in the protection of adjacent safety reia ad equi: ment which may be jeccardized by the fire.

3. If the aut:matic systems co not actuate, the fire brigade will be required to ince:endently c:ntain and extinguish the fire in the involved zone.

Similar action is required in all areas that do not have automatic sucpressicn systems.

When ceter-ining the ninimum fire brigade size, each o'f the atieve three

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levels cf perfor.ance must be consicered and evaluated, with the third level bounding the brigade size since it places tne largest burden on tne team.

Further, the scecific fire brigade actions that will be required will vary from area to area within the plant, and with the ccnstruction, maintenance or ncrmal oceration activities that may be ongoing at the time of the fire.

Because the specific fire brigade actions cannot be precisely defined, the fire brigade must be capable of a spectrum of actions that may be recuired.

The minimum fire brigade and the available manual ecuiprent is the only fire suppression system in many areas of the plant. Thus, the brigade and their equi: ment must satisfy the requirements of the Generai Cesi;n Criteria to minimi:e the adverse effects of fire On systems im;:cr-tant :: safety for these areas as well as orovide its c:ntribution to tne defense-in-depth features in other areas which also have automatic sa:oression

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The fire brigade offers the flexibility to cerform actions to mitigate the consecuences of fires for the event that may exceed tne limits of fixed fire protection sys tems and, with early wtrninc fire detection, to extinguish

1. ires before autcmatic systems actuate.

Tven ~thcugh the #i ra brigade is only cne ascect of the " defense-in-dsotn",

it recuires a minimum ccerating size :: suc:essfully fulfill its perfcr-mance cojer tives as defined in the felicwing section of inis cocument.

To reduce the size elcw the needed level will result in tne loss Of cri; ace #1exibility and tne acte.1tial :nat all ;er#crance ::jectives. ill not te achieved.

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. S. Fire Bricade Perfor-a ice Objectives The perfor ance objectives of the fire brigade at a nuclear power plant are tne same 'as those in any fire situation.

There are three major perfomance objectives: (1) rescue; (2) extinguish; and (3) confine, control and extinguish. 'Which of these cojectives are to be performed depends upcn the specific factors that are present at the fire; however, the orderof performance of these objectives never changes. 'Jhere there is no need for rescue, the first objective can be extinguish".

In all cases, even the most extreme, the final objective always is to extinguish the fire. This is true even wnere it is fic::t necessary to confine the fire, then bring it under control and finally extinguish it.

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rare and unusual circumstances, a fire may be allcwed to burn itself cut as a last resort.

'Je have not endorsed this alternative as the design condition because of the potential celetericus effects on plant operation associated witn the toxic and cerrosive effects of the smoke and additional system failures that may occur.

To achieve any one, or all of the major cbjectives. the fire brigade must perfom several functions.

Some of Onese are:

(a) Locate the fire and ascertain its potential',

(b) Localize the fire, alleviate s7cke and heat conditions, imoreve visibility, and facilitate the advanceW nose lines; (c) Eitinguish the fire by application of a sufficient amount of the correct extinguishing medium; (d) Minimize damage by the judicious use of watar or other extinguishing agent;

• (e) Protect perscnnel, provide ventilation, self-contained breatning equipment and Drotective backuo capability;

• ( f) Coordinate activities through adequate supervision and enmunication.

Tc a[certain the ;;ctantial of eacn specific fire, and to determine tne required functions, there are certain primary factors tnat must be evaluated by the fire brigade leader at that time.

Some of these primary factors are:

life.ha:ard for occu;: ants and for ;;erscnnel, location of fire, extent of fire en arrival, shutdown etui:: ment and fixed su::cression systems in the fire building, construction of fire building, construction of exposures, area of exoosures, proximi y cf ex::csures, s ructural collapse of fire builcing, heat conditions, smcke ccnditions, visibility, exocsure hazard, and class of fire.

'These are cojectives frca the beginning c the end of every fire Iu:::ression 0::eraticn.

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, Some of these factors interact and tne comoination of effects of sucn facters also recaire the consideraticn of the fire origade leacer.

C.

' Fire 3ricade Acticns The actions required of the fire brigade to achieve the~ cerformance objectives depend largely on the comolexity of the firei however, the snif t fire brigade snould be capable of perfor-ing a scectrum of actions for any fire.

If a fire alarm sounds for any area of the plant _tne folicwing actions should be taken by the fire brigade:

(a) The fire brigade leader and all brigade mem ers snould i: mediately respond to the fire area.

(b) The brigade leader should respond cirectly :: the fire area, wi th an extinguisher that he cbtains on the way, and with adequate equi: ment for c:rmunicati:ns and a scr:able hand'ignt.

(c)

The other brigade members should respond to the fire area with a personal self-contained breathing accaratus and a cortable extinguisher.

If en a75/if at the fire area, an incipient fire is in progress, the folicwing acdons should be taken by the fire brigade:

(a)

/.n %ediate attack should be made en the fire in an attempt to extinguish.

(b) Additi:nal extinguishers should be obtained from the i mediate area.

(c) A hose line snculd be stretched to the fire area as a precaution.

(d) Additional self-contained breathing accaratus and spare cylinders shculd be obtained immediately to be ready f:r use if necessary.

If the fire is not extinguished in its incipient stage, tne folicwing actions may be required:

(a)

Place the necessary calls for off-site assistance.

(b)

If ladders are required : reach the fire, fire ladders snculd be Octained.

(c)

If :ne # ire involves electrical equi: ment, tne equi: en: sncu'c be de-energized. This action recuires 00crdinaticn witn cerning perscnnel :: assuc? it will not af'ec the c:ntinued safe 0: era:icn of :ne olan.

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If smoke ccaditions are such that visibility is impaired, ventilation may be required either in the form of activaticn of fixed systems or by the use of portable smcke ejec:crs.

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If it beccmes necessary to use water fog, precautions snould be taken to prevent water damage to electrical equip:mnt not involved in the fire.

This may require the use of oratective water shielding.

(f)

If it beccmes nece.ssar

.) use water fcg, a second nose line, frca a standpipe or exterior o._a staticn should be prepared to serve as a back up to the initial hose line.

(g)

If the fire area is cne that centains a s:ecial hazard sucn as a flammable or cc=custible liquids, scme of the brigade members should obtain and precare the special equipment necessary for that tyce of operation, i.e., fcam in 5 gallen cans, pick uo tube, fcam applicator and hose lines.

(h)

If tne fire is in a :cnfined space anc its exact loca. ion : anno:

readily be determined, the fire brigade le er may commit all his perscnnel to the attempt tc locate the lire, but should do so only after all other required preparatory acticns nave been carried out.

(i)

If any of tne briga.de members, who are actively extinguishing the fire or attemoting to locate the fire, beccme trapoed or incacacitated in anyway, etter brigade members would be required ta mscue.

If the injury were such that the injured party were overc:me by smcke or severely injured, at least one of the atner members would be recuirec' tc attenc' the injurad to attemot to safe his life.

(j)

If tne fire has not bean extinguished when offsite assistance arrives at the fire location, the offsite people shculd be divided inte teams to assist the fire fignting operation with eacn taam having a memter of the plant brigade assigned as leader.

For any given area or fire, the initial actions of :ne brigade require sufficient perscnnel :o extinguish the incipient fire and to prepare for the fire that may occur if the incipient fire is not extinguished.

inererare, the brigade shculd be adecuately staffed so tnat the above actions can be perfor ed if required by a parti ular fire.

Table 1 incicates hcw these recuired actions wculd te carried cut by a five member fire origace.

Not all actions assigned to each mercer will necessarily be carriec out for every fire; newever, for 'he scectrum of fires that may reascnably be ex:ectec to occur, the brigace should be caca:le of ;er'crming the actions as shcwn. The five mem er fire brigace is the minimum c:= lement nat can prcvide sufficien cersonnel so nat Onese acticns may be carriac cut.

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Tvcical Resconse -,

> 0s tul a tec rire in a Nuclear pian:

The following. outline cr.. ' ces hcw a brigace wculd rescend to a postulated fire and care /.;t tne actions discussed in tne previous sections.

The outline 11.strates the need for some actions simul taneously and some,e,.,entially.

It also illustrates that tne specific circu--.

ces that cetermines the : ursa of the fire will cetermine the speci' ' actions recuired.

The acticas being perfor ed by the fire or-,4de leader and the fire brigace members are summari:ed in Table 1.

l.

Thu fire bricade !wl ' and all brigade members shoulc initiate their response to ne announced fire area.

2.

Tne fire brigade lead'.e should res:ond directly to the ann 0unced fire area with por:r,:e ccm: unication e';ui: ment. He evaluates the situaticn, and a,:,ises the centrol race and formulates an action plan.

3.

Each memcer of the fire Origade incluaing the fire brigade lea:er obtains a fire extin,;,isner from a loca:icn along the way and bring it to the fire area.

~hese shculd be brcught fr a a remote !ccation to assure :nat suf'icant extinguishers will be avaiiaole.

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the immediate fire arr.a may have been used cy the disccverer of. the fi re.

4.

Each m.emoer of the fir e brigade should also bring a self-contained brea:hing ut.paratus for use by the brigade members.

5.

If condi tiens are :uch that self-c:ntained breathing accara us masks will have to be,vorn by the brigade members, no memcer shculd enter the fire area withcut a ma '.

If necessary One or more, depending on the-need, b ri gade i.~....

ehculd be sent to obtain additional :ei r-contained breathing apparatus,in sufficie-:

num:er so that eacn belgade memcer and the fire brigade leader will have a unit.

At least one man snculd be sent to obtain scare air cylinders, a-least one per self-cott:ained breathing accaratus being used.

(NOTE:

Recent tes:s at 3/ev.r;e Fire Dept. Training Academy snowed - a:

the 1/2 hcur rated m r.x, pressure demand :yce, was brea:ned d:wn in as little as 7 :u 15 minutes during fire fignting activities).

6.

If :Me brigade memc-r will pass by the :ersonnel cretective :!: nin:

storage area, they '.h mid ob:ain their ' ire #ignting gear and br'r g i:

to the fire scene.

Ir sucn clo:ning is neeced out is not brouen to the stere, a-la r.t one man shculd be sent to cotain sucn :!c nim.

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If tne source of tne fire or srcke can be readily de:3-m nec, ne brigade leader snculd order the follcuing simultaneous actions:

(a) At 3 east two (2) man to begin a direct attack on the fire with suitable extinguishers and, (b) the remaining two (2) cen to prepare to assist with additional extinguishers and/or to stretch at least one 1-1/2" standpice hose line to be used as a back up to tne extinguishers.

If the fire is readily extinguished by the initial extinguisne-applicaticn, the brigade leader shculd make a careful excmina-tion of tne fire area to insure that the fire has been completely extinguished ano to try to determine the coint of origin and the cause of tne fire. He wou!d be assis:ed by at least cne brigade emeer.

Consideration should be given for the need for a fire watch in the area for a period of uc to 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.

The remaining brigade embers would be directed to return the fire fignting ecui; men-brought t: de # ire loca:icn to i:s proper storage area ensuring that. it is in ?rccer working order and in readiness for another fire.

A critique of the fire fighting Operation shoulc be held immeciately after the fire to evaluate the pre-fire strategies for the fire area and to determine the ef#iciency of the fire brigade and tne effectiveness of the operation.

8.

If the smoke conditions art such nat the location of the source of tne fire and smoke cannot readily be deternined, tne brigade leader should order the folicwing simultaneous acticns:

(a)

The centrol room to notify the off-site fire department and plant on-call cersennel.

(b)

Two brigade members and the leader to cut on self-containec breathing accaratus, take suitacle extinguitners and enter the fire area to attempt to locate tne fire.

(c)

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(d) After the hose line is stretched and ready to be ocerated, D

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at least ene emeer shou'd remain with the line wni!e One i g other(s) go :: Ob:3in addi-ional ecui; ment usca as smcke dub ejectors, ladders if necessary, scare air cylincers, ::rt active i ;1 1I ' i NI

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would be of need in the fire and dacace ::ntral ef#:rt.

( + 01 tiia:U i (e)

1. anile -he accve activi ty is goir; :n-tre # ire s urce is Iccated Oy ne leader and :ne :wo Oricade embe#s trey wculd i-- eci s e!,. 2: em:- c extinguisn re # ire si n :ne'-

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9.

If :he fire is " reaci'j ex:inguisnad :y the use af exti gu s ers,

he folicwing actions sncuid te under:aken by ne fire brigace as orcerec Oy the fire rigade leader.

(a) the 1-1/2" hose line that has been stretchad as a pre-cauthionary measure should be advanced into tne fire area by at least two brigade members and; (b) The remaining brigade memoers should simultaneously s. retch en additional 1-1/2" nose line frca the closes: available stand;f ce location to the area im: ediately cuts'ce or adjacent to the fire area and be cre::ared o use this line to crevide protective scray and/or as a backu: attack line i f tnn fire severity demands.

(.10TE :

It is likely hat.he second 1-1/2" hose line will have to have adcitional hose added c reach tne fire area).

(c) One? :he second line is readied for use and if its imediate use is not requirec, the fire brigade leader may direct One or mo-e of One back uo en tc take ste:s :: 3rc-vide protaction for electri. cal equipment or to set uc portacle ventilation eoui mert to evacuate smcke and neat, or to obtain additicnal scecial equipment tnat may be recuired if One fire is not controlled and extinguished in a shor' time.

(c)

If the brigade leader and the men at ack ng the fire with the 1-1/2" hose line are successful in extinguishing the fire, the steos subsequent to extinguishment contained in 7 accve should be follcwed.

10.

If the fire is not extinguisned by tne attack witn 1-1/2" Mcse lines, the area may beccme untenable as a result cf either heat or smoxe er both.

In this situation the fire brigade leader snould order the failcwing actions by the fire bricade.

(a) All persennel should back out of the fire area and take positions where they can either kee: the # ire c ntainec by the use of tne hose lines frem tne perimeter ccenings cr (b)

The area shculd be sealed of#, i# possible, by closing :ne fire dcors and One hose lines should be used oy brigace members to attempt to '<eec the fire fecm cassing througn any penetrations or ducts or fire dcors or the exterior walls by spraying water on the po entially dangerous areas to keep it cocied down.

(c)

!# the situation develcas :: this exten; i, : rei 1:i seiy short time :eriod (less : nan 15-20 min,utes; i ay te necessarv fer :ne bricace leader c dirac :na; cne indivi:uai,cic :ne 9Tq-D l-1/2" hose'line f-en a suitacie braced :csi ticn anile : e :mer 7 bmt

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The fire fighting cojective would now bec:me a ratter cf confine, control and extinguish (or alicw to burn out). v,nen this oc:urs there will be a very sericus Oreblem of smoke and heat removal wnich will require tne efforts of all availa:ie personnel as they arrive from off-site.

(e)

Cecisions will nave to be made regarding the direction the smoke and heat is to be routed with serinus consideration given ::

the possible damage the smoke and/or heat might cause to equipment -hat is relatively remote frem -he fire.

IV, CONCLUSION On the basis of its onsite evaluations of the fire protection program for 70 operating facilities, the NRC staff has found that:

1.

The specitic actions for the control and extinguisnment of potential ' ires vary greatly from area : area within a giver olan::

2.

The soecific actions which the fire brigade may be recuirec cannot be recisely defined Orior to the ' ire; 3.

Althougn the fire fign:ing actions as cescribed previously in :nis report may not be applicable to eacn and every plan-area, all plants contain areas important to plant safety wnich reouire :ansideration of these fire fighting actions.

A.

Abncemai events cannot be precluced for each and every Octen-ial fire situation, some margin in brigade size is warranted o ccmcensate for the cotential unanticicated events such as:

a.

Failure of detection systems to cr:motly aler: plant

ersonnel of the anset of a fire condition.

. ailure of automatic su::ression systems to actuate to b.

limi- #i re damage.

c.

Personnel injury in the act of fire fignting.

d.

Failure of administrative controls of ccmbus-icle materials in situations which ;culd impact systems im00rtant 50 safety.

5.

The minimu.m #i re brigade sni ft si:e cannot be based crl;. ;;cn the Octentiai # ire consecuences.nc their accarent imcac; :n the caaacility o safely snutdcar because Onis is centracic Or to botn me Onil:so:ny of defense-in-decth and ine ger. erd des ign' cri terien -equirement to minimize the acverse ef'ac::

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3.

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APP'NCIX A rm

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STAFF RESPONSE TO SELECTED LICENSEE'S A?I@ENTS Ju J & du yb 1.

Historical Fi res Some licensee,s argue that the majority of his ?.orical fires in nuclear power plants were either self-extinguished cr +ere extinguished y a small response force.

Further, a large numbar of these fires :ccurred during the constructicn pr se of the plants.

The NRC does not deem the sin of histori:al fires a significant factor in determining the si:e of the minimum fire brigade.

he small fires that self-extinguish or the fires that are easily extinguisned present little, if any, threat to pub. ic nealth and sa FCy.

Furtner, the circumstances that lead to fires in the construction phase are not precluded after the plant goes into :eration. New construction at the site, major plant mocificati:ns and maintanance activities procuce similar circumstances at an erating plant.

It is ne fires that :: not self-extinguish because of " ff-cesign" conditions or are ot promptly extinguishec at Ocerating pian:

sites which may present a threat to the plants cacacility to achieve and maintain safe shu:Cown conditions.

For excm'.le, a :esocrary breakdown in the administrative controls over the use of com:ustibles and ignition source, a failure to detect a fire early, or adverse unanticicated events wnich either delay promet extinguishment or lead to rapid fire develecment may lead tcward the development of a severe fire.

Because af ne pcssibility of these fires, the staf' deems it crudent to maintain a site fire brigade wnich can prceptly extinguish such fires in safety relatec areas with sufficient margin in size tc account for adverse conditicns and events.

2.

Of'si e Assistance Scre licensees argue tna: :he minimum fire brigade may be less than #4 ve persons because of substantial offsite assistance.

The NRC concludes that the celay in Orcret fire extinguishmen; incurred by reliance upon succort fe n offsite fire cecarrents or the call back :f clant personnel dces not provide an acce :able al:ernative to meeting tne minimum manocwer recuirements for an crsi e fire brigade.

Offsi e # ire deparrents ::uid be co ritted :: #ign ing # ire elsewi ere wnen a call goes u: for :neir assistance.

- -ary areas wea:ne' conditions : uit dela;. One "esponse f

1. 1. site # ire departments as aeli as ::erating perscncei ca Ied 03 k #cc acci-icnt' ass's~an:2.

While

~"e 12C #eCO Si es *ne #ma:rtaate Of a precl annec ;.i 'i:1:i cn O f Of fsi ke #i re caca r*-*en'.s an: call :ack ce"sc""el, suCn assis!arce d:es ac Justi#y a reCbO!i "

1. an adecua*e Onsi *e #i re ":*i gade :: ;rovi e in i T adi3*.S '

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3.

Availability of Cnsite ?=rsonnel t.

Scme licensees argue tnat the pot =ntial for '# re is greater during times when there is more than the m.inimum ccm limert :f clant ocerating personnel, on ensite.

In general, Onis is tne period fr:m acout a to 5 on nor al work days.

It is during these periods during which normal maintenance operations are perfor ed.

While the NRC recognizes the greater potential for fire during such time, this does not alleviate the need for an adequate fire brigade on the other shif ts.

It appears that there are sufficient personnel on site en all shi'ts t: pr. vide a five ran fire brigade.

In its pcsition paper on " Manpower Requic2:ents for C: era-ing React:es

the NRC addressed the sharing of available ensite cersonnel such as the securi ty forces as 'a means of meeting One ' a. pcwer recuire.

9 ments for a five man fire brigade. The issue is not the availacility of onsite personnel who could be utilized to ccmcat fires; but rather the effective utilizaticn of mancower rescurces to esta:lish a trained team that res=onds to a fire and effectively :erfor s those action which are essential :: 'i re #i gn-i g.

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ATTACHMENT 2 Df[D O

STAFF POSITION rm nfn;,',l,l O

! oil:

MIMIMUM FIRE BRIGADE TRAINING ilf1 i,

W L!u b (Ud J Uu uL-'

CONCERN Ouring cur evaluation of the training given to fire brigade members, tfie issue of waether all members of a five man fire brigade need be givan itentical training has been considered.

In several instances licensees These have proposed two levels of training for fire brigade memoers.

evaluations have established the minimum acceptable level of trainin,g.

STAFF POSITICN We orefer that all fire brigade rembers receive training in accordance

~

Fira Protection with the staff guidelines set forth in Nuclear Plan:

Functional Rescensibilities, Administrative Concrois and Quality Assurance, June 14, 1977:.

Fire Protec:icn Organi:ation Attach' ment 2.

Fire Brigade Training At acnment 5.

Fire Fignting Procedar=s (Note: Cecies of these attach: encs are enclosed)

Where the five man fire brigade has two levels of training, at least three members shall have training whicn fully confor:.s to tre staff guidelines; hcwever, two members may be excepted fr:a the training recuire-ments listed belcw:

1. :

1.0a (5) The direction and coordination of the fire figncing activi ti es.

1.0a (9) Detailed review of fire fighting precedures and procedure changes.*

1.0a (10)

Review of latest plant ecdificaticns and changes in fira

. fighting plans.

The excepted perscnnel should nave general training in these sut:jects.

'The cnly portien of this item exceoted is thac associated with the fire fignting stra:egies which have been deieloped tc conforn with attachment 5, "Se strategies establisned for fignting fires in all safety-i tem d.

related areas and areas presenting a ha:are. to safety-related ecui:-

ment."

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"?luclear Plant Fire Protection Functional Responsibilities, Ae.inistrative Controls, and Quality Assurance" (June la, 19'/1-Fire Protection Organi:ation.

Fire Brigade Training Attacncent 5.

Fire Fighting Procedures e

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