ML073240763

Wildlife Habitat Council - 2003 Recertification Application for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant

ML073240763
Person / Time
Site:	Vogtle
Issue date:	07/31/2003
From:	Southern Nuclear Operating Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
NL-07-2097
Download: ML073240763 (51)

Text

-WILDLIFE HABITAT COUNCIL 2003 Recertification Application for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant 5 Submitted by Southern Nuclear Operating Company Energy to fOur

WILDLIFE HABITAT COUNCIL 2003 RECERTIFICATION APPLICATION for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant Submitted by Southern Company July 2003 SITE OVERVIEW 2 Property History 2 Land Use 2 Area Description 2 Vegetation, 2 Water Bodies 3 Compliance 4 Habitat 4 Other Awards 4 Community Partners 5 PROJECT

SUMMARY

8 Nest Monitoring Program 9 Turkey and Quail Habitat Project 11 Nature Trail Project.12 Wildlife Inventory Project 13 Longleaf Pine Restoration Project..14 Education Outreach Projects 16 WHC Sign Project.17 RECENT PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION 18 MEDIA MATERIALS 27 Company Press Contact..27 Press Contacts 27 Acknolwedgements 28 APPENDIXES A-1 APPENDIX AA-2 APPENDIX B A-13 Property History Vogtle Electric Generating Plant is a nuclear power plant co-owned by Georgia Power Company (a subsidiary of Southern Company), Oglethorpe Power Corporation, Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia, and the City of Dalton, Georgia.Georgia Power Company purchased property for the purpose of constructing Vogtle Electric Generating Plant in 1972.Construction began in 1974 but was not completed until 1987.In 1997, the operating license was transferred from Georgia Power Company to Southern Nuclear Operating Company, also a subsidiary of Southern Company.Land Use The site consists of approximately 3200 acres with approximately 1800 acres available for wildlife/land management.

The remaining acreage contains the generating facility and associated buildings, roads, parking lots, maintenance/construction facilities, and equipment.

About 60 percent of the land area is wooded, with the remainder consisting of uplands, meadows, wetlands, ponds, and the generating plant facility.Considerable acreage is utilized as transmission rights-of-way and access roads.The generating facility and associated physical plant occupy less than one-half of the total site area.Access to the plant site is controlled by a security force, with the plant proper contained in a fenced, limited access area.In addition to the location map, a general site topographic map is included in this section.Area Description Plant Vogtle is located in the eastern portion of Burke County, Georgia, on the western bank of the Savannah River.The site is about 15 miles east of Waynesboro, Georgia, about 34 miles southeast of Augusta, Georgia, and about 115 miles north of Savannah, Georgia.The area surrounding Plant Vogtle is very rural with most of the land utilized for farms and pastures.A location map is included.Vegetation Prior to construction, the land was primarily farmed for cotton.The upland, deep sand soils are nutrient poor and not suitable for many agricultural applications.

The Vogtle site is characterized by low, gently rolling sandy hills, hardwood-dominated stream drainages, gum-cypress floodplains and mixed pine-hardwood stands or pine woods in the upland areas.Scrub oaks (turkey, post, and willow oak)and longleaf pine occur in the upland wooded areas that were not converted to cultivation.

Red oak, water oak, and maple dominate the lowland hardwood areas.Cypress and water tupelo characterize the Savannah River floodplain.

Several open areas, createdduringconstruction, were planted in grasses and sericea lespedeza to prevent erosion.Upland Areas The upland areas are former agricultural lands, cleared areas, and construction sites occurring on well-drained sandy soils.The vegetation in these areas consists of longleaf pine, slash pine, loblolly pine, turkey oak, water oak, hickory, dogwood, hawthorn, black cherry, sweetgum, blackberry, and many grasses and forbs.The upland area habitats are maintained through long rotation timber management (40 to 60 years)and prescribed burning at three-to five-year intervals.

Several areas are 2 being re-established to native longleaf pine and hopefully will become longleaf pine communities, which have become rare in the region.Foodplots for deer and turkey have also been established in these upland areas.Hardwood Areas The hardwood areas cover approximately 515 acres of the site along the stream zones, the Savannah River floodplain, and the adjacent river bluff.The river usually covers the floodplain during the winter for about six to nine weeks.Annual flooding is irregular and results in sparse understory and ground cover under the gum-cypress overstory.

The bluff adjacent to the floodplain is covered with red maple, several species of oak, hickory, ash, yellow poplar, beech, sycamore, and hackberry.

The stream zones have been altered by beaver activity.Red maple, button bush, alder, willow, water gum, and cypress are common in these zones.The hardwood areas associated with the Savannah Riverfloodplain,river bluff, and stream drainages remain protected from burning and timbering.

Some select oak trees are protected to enhance acorn production.

Planted Pine Areas Planted loblolly stands cover approximately 350 acres of lands that have been reclaimed from plant construction.

Major emphasis has been placed on reestablishing the native longleaf pine, as discussed in the Project Summary section.Sericea and a variety of grasses and forbs grow beneath the pines.Sweetgum and persimmon also occur in these areas.Pine plantations are managed through prescribed burning every three to five years, timber thinning after 20 years, and aesthetic cuts after thinning.Burning is limited to 25 to 30 percent of the upland and planted pine acreage each year.Water Bodies There are a few creeks, streams, and man-made ponds located on site.The dominant hydrological feature of Plant Vogtle is the Savannah River, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean some 151 miles downstream.

The plant site is bordered on the east by the Savannah River and on the south by Beaverdam Creek.This provides an excellent riparian environment for wildlife on site.Special care is taken to protect and enhance riparian areas.Both upland and bottomland hardwoods line these areas.The ponds include Mallard's Pond, tworetentionponds, a runoff catch pond, an old process pond, and the Recreation Area pond.The water quality of each body of water is maintained in a safe, environmentally friendly manner.These ponds and associated vegetation are protected from disturbance unless warranted for a specific management practice.Waterfowl management has been the primary focus in aquatic areas.Beaver and alligator are not removed from the ponds unless warranted for safety reasons or potential problems to the structures associated with the ponds (e.g., dam safety, overflow problems).

Mallard's Pond is a five-acre, old pond located in a beautiful, heavy mast producing hardwood cove.The drainage area from Mallard's Pond to the Savannah River is a wetland that has been affected by beaver activity (dams and ponds)for many years.Wood ducks use this area throughout the year but primarily during the winter.Retention Ponds No.1 and NO.2 were developed prior to plant construction to collect sedimentation from runoff leaving the site.Pond No.1 is about six acres, and Pond No.2 is about five acres in size.Both ponds are very scenic with yellow poplar, willow, sweetgum, blackberry, sericea lespedeza, red maple, bahia grass and 3 loblolly pine growing along the margins of both ponds.Beaver activity is obvious at both ponds.The waterfowl habitat is excellent on and along the ponds.A runoff catch pond was formed in a depression left from construction.

This pond is about three acres in size and.retains water throughout the year.The vegetation associated with this pond is willow, cattail, blackberry, sericea lespedeza and oak and pine in the adjacent uplands.The 2-acre process pond was originally constructed as a lined chemical cleaning waste pond.The pond was never used for this purpose and future use by the plant is not anticipated.

The pond is an excellent source of fresh, clean drinking water for deer, birds, and other wildlife.A large earthen ramp extends out into the pond to facilitate wildlife access to the water in the pond.The pond at the Recreation Area is home to alligator, some wading birds, and other'aquatic life.Situated near the picnic and play area, the pond provides a peaceful and calm haven for employees, their families, and community to enjoy.Compliance Plant Vogtle is in compliance with all rules, regulations and permits required by law.There are no habitat enhancement projects associated with regulatory issues.Habitat The habitat requirements for species of interest have been maintained.

Species of interest include bluebirds, wood ducks, wading birds, wild turkey, quail, and gopher tortoise.Nesting boxes are in place for bluebirds and wood ducks.Existing habitat for wading birds is protected.

Planted food plots and prescribed burning enhance habitat for wild turkey, quail, deer and gopher tortoise.Other Awards Southern Company LEAF Award In 2001, Vogtle received a Southern Company LEAF (Leaders in Environmental Action for the Future)Award in recognition of the plant's efforts in restoration of the longleaf pine, extensive recycling program, and community outreach.Each LEAF Award recipient received a monetary prize to be donated to the environmental organizations of their choice.Plant Vogtle chose to distribute the prize between two organizations, Augusta State University Department of Biology and Phinizy Swamp Nature Park.Augusta State University was chosen to help provide additional educational supplies for their voluntary work in assisting Plant Vogtle in updating the species inventory onsite.Phinizy Swamp Nature Park is a 501 (c)3 organization operated by the Southeastern Natural Sciences Academy dedicated to environmental education, research, and public outreach.Plant Vogtle also supported their Earth Day Augusta at the park in 2002 and 2003.Forestry for Wildlife Partnership The Forestry for Wildlife Partnership Program (FWP)was formed by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Wildlife Resources Division (WRD)and corporate forest landowners to develop a formal, comprehensive, wildlife conservation partnership program.Georgia Power Company (GPC), a subsidiary of Southern Company and part owner of Plant Vogtle, became a FWP partner in 1999 4 for building wildlife conservation practices into its forest management programs and has continued to receive partnership status each year.GPC earned this partnership through its education and outreach programs, wildlife management practices, attention to sensitive sites, enhancement of wildlife habitat and outdoor recreation, and work through partnerships with outside organizations.

Plant Vogtle is one of GPC's many sites that contributed to this partnership program.Appendix A contains the 2000-2001 Report for the Forestry for Wildlife Partnership Program.The figures and maps referenced throughout the report are unavailable for this application.

Community Partners Several partners have provided assistance with habitat management projects.Two local colleges, Augusta State University and East Georgia College, provided assistance in updating the site species inventory.

A local Boy Scout troop received merit for their work on the nature trail site at the Recreation Area.Additional nesting habitat was provided at the Burke County School Complex and maintained at Vogtle's adopted school, S-G-A Elementary.

Each project summary provides the applicable community partners and references.

5 6

Site Map 7 Since initially achieving WHC certification in 1993, the Plant Vogtle wildlife program has grown and maintained its initial set of programs.A small group of employees are involved as volunteers.

The program has been enhanced by improvements in bird box activities, food plot and pond maintenance, and land and animal management.

Prescribed burning across the site has enhanced the prairie-like habitat in which species such as the gopher tortoise and indigo snake can thrive, and is also used to further increase the availability of food for birds, deer, and other wildlife.Natural vegetation food plots, such as honeysuckle, bramble, and other browse species, are enhanced by fertilizing native stands.Right-of-ways are generally mowed every three years.The area under each line is cleared in different years to maintain different age plant communities and assure greater habitat diversity.

Sawtooth oaks have been planted and maintained along with longleaf pines in recent years.Several major stands*of hardwoods exist on the site.Hardwoods dominate the floodplain along the Savannah River and across the area around Mallard's Pond.The hardwood bluff and floodplain adjacent to the Savannah River is maintained in its natural state.Other large hardwood stands can be found along River Road, which provides access to the plant site.Wildlife such as squirrels, rabbits, several furbearers, and a number of small mammals prosper at Plant Vogtle.The plant site, through the carefully planned land management practices, provides abundant food and cover for most species commonly found in the region.The benefits of enhanced emphasis on wildlife and habitat development are evident across the entireacre site.Existing and additional projects are described in the following pages.8 Nest Monitoring Program General Project Information Vogtle began both the bluebird and wood duck nest monitoring programs in 1993.Nest boxes were installed to provide additional habitat and help increase these bird populations in the Southeast.

Twenty-three bluebird boxes were constructed and mounted around the site in open meadows and edges of wooded areas with the aid of a Boy Scout group in March 1993.Over time, the number of bluebird boxes has increased from 23 to 40boxesacross the plant site.Nesting boxes are installed at the generating facility, the employee recreation center, and at the training center.Originally, the wood duck program began with 15 boxes, but today provides 26 structures as homes.Wood duck boxes are located on Mallard's Pond, Retention Ponds NO.1 and No.2, the run-off catch pond, and the river boat ramp.All boxes continue to be maintained and monitored by approximately four employees with the nesting success recorded.The nest box program enhances the existing habitat for bluebirds and wood ducks on site through by providing additional cover.Land management practices are incorporated to encourage existing food sources, provide free range, and protect water sources.Native plantings are considered when opportunities arise;however, establishing additional food source is not the primary focus of the nest monitoring program.Plant Vogtle has also used the nest monitoring program as a means of environmental outreach and education in area schools.Additional boxes have been constructed and installed at area schools at various times since the program began.In 1996, Vogtle Electric Generating Plant adopted S-G-A (Sardis-Girard-Alexander)

Elementary School in Sardis, Georgia, for participation in the plant wildlife habitat management program.The school, which opened in 1995, was selected primarily because of its commitment to reclaiming the natural habitat of the area surrounding the school.A nature trail was established; pine seedlings, maples, willows, and other native species were planted;erosion areas were stabilized with grasses;and a footbridge was built.Plant Vogtle placed three bluebird boxes along the nature trail at the school.Students became responsible for maintaining and monitoring the boxes.Two of these boxes were replaced with student assistance in the fall of 2000 due to weathering.

In the spring of 2001, three additional bluebird boxes were installed for a total of six boxes for student monitoring.

Two bluebird boxes were also placed at the new Screven County Elementary School in Sylvania, Georgia.Vogtle also worked with Burke County High School to establish a nest monitoring program.In the fall of 2000, Vogtle donated lumber and provided designs to the industrial technology class to construct bluebird and wood duck nesting structures.

The class presented the finished products to Vogtle employees in the spring of 2001.The wood duck boxes were erected in Macintosh Swamp at the Burke County School Complex, and the bluebird boxes were installed along the perimeter fence of the complex.Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation Bluebird nest box activity has continued to increase at Plant Vogtle through habitat management, the introduction of diverse plant communities, and the provision of cover and abundant food.In 1993 less than half of the boxes were being used.By 1996, eggs were observed in all but two boxes, and at least 30 baby bluebirds survived to fledge.The amount of box use declined in 1997 to 14 boxes used out of 23.Only 13 birds survived to fledge.In 1998, 30 bluebirds survived to fledge from 39 eggs.Forty-three birds survived to fledge from 61 eggs in 1999.Twenty-five new boxes were purchased in 1999 to replace old and weathered boxes and add new homes.The number of fledglings decreased slightly in 2000 to 41, but significantly increased to 89 and 92 in 2001 and 2002 respectively.

9 Updated Species Inventory Not Applicable.

Project References Douglas Day Burke County School Superintendent 789 Perimeter Road Waynesboro, GA 30830 Phone: 706-554-5101 Email: cdday@burke.k12.ga.us 10 Turkey and Quail Habitat Project General Project Information Turkey and quail continue to thrive on the Plant Vogtle site.Through a combination of good forest management and the establishment of food plots, these birds have become among the most common on the plant site.Spring plantings of browntop millet, rye, and chufa benefit the turkey, quail, and other birds.Plantings of bicolor lespedeza strips are provided along transmission rights of way as quail food.Prescribed burning and fertilizing have further increased the availability of food and encouraged the birds to stay on the site.Finally, activities at an adjacent State of Georgia wildlife management area have also contributed to increases in the flocks.Land management practices to benefit turkey and quail have been in place since 1983.Two employees maintain approximately 20 acres of food plots spread across the site to provide the essential habitat components of food and space.Native species serving as food sources are also encouraged to flourish where possible.A major native specie being reestablished onsite is the long-leaf pine, which benefits quail and turkey by providing cover.Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation The prescribed burn acreage for 2002-2003 was 350 acres.Previous burns were conducted on 200 acres in 1999, 90 acres in 1996, and earlier.Updated Species Inventory Not available.

Project References Dr.Donna Wear Department of Biology, Augusta State University 2500 Walton Way Augusta, Georgia 30904-2200 Phone (706)737-1539 dwear@aug.edu Dr.Jimmy Wedincamp Assistant Professor of Biology Math/Science Division, East Georgia College 131 College Circle Swainsboro, GA 30401 Phone 478-289-2143 Fax 478-289-2080 wedincamp@ega.peachnet.edu 11 Nature Trail Project General Project Information Construction of a nature trail at the Recreation Area was considered in 2000 for both plant employees and the public to enjoy.The trail would give opportunities for employee recreation and provide a learning environment for school groups of all ages.In the spring of 2001, two employees finalized and marked the location for the nearly 1.5 mile-trail.

In April 2001, a Boy Scout troop from Harlem, Georgia camped onsite and worked for several days to clear almost two-thirds of the trail.Approximately eight scouts plus their Scout masters worked together.Light clearing of the trail was the only work performed on this project, which had a negligible impact on the existing habitat for wildlife.No plantings were performed as part of this project.Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation This project is currently being evaluated for continuation.

Plans to continue development of the trail were placed on hold following the terrorist attacks on September 11,2001 due to security concerns onsite.Updated Species Inventory Not available.

Project References Earl Huddleston Boy Scouts P.O.Box 352 Waynesboro, GA 30830 706-554-2114 earlhuddleston@yahoo.com 12 Wildlife Inventory Project General Project Information In the fall of 2000, Plant Vogtle contacted two area colleges to support updating the site wildlife species inventory.

Augusta State University in Augusta, Georgia and East Georgia College in Swainsboro, Georgia agreed to participate.

This partnership provided an excellent opportunity for students to gain experience in plant and animal specie identification.

The Augusta State participants began to inventory plant and fish species, while the East Georgia College students learned to identify insects.Approximately 30 students and four professors were allowed access to theprotected areas of the site on a mostly unlimited basis.Unfortunately, due to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, all visitors were prohibited from access to the site, except under the supervision of an escort.The species inventory has been postponed indefinitely due to increased security across the site.Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation This project is being evaluated for continuation due to security issues.Updated Species Inventory The plant species inventory was updated and is provided as Appendix B.Project References Dr.Donna Wear Department of Biology, Augusta State University 2500 Walton Way Augusta, Georgia 30904-2200 Phone (706)737-1539 dwear@aug.edu Dr.Jimmy Wedincamp Assistant Professor of Biology Math/Science Division, East Georgia College 131 College Circle Swainsboro, GA 30401 Phone 478-289-2143 Fax 478-289-2080 wedincamp@ega.peachnet.edu 13 Longleaf Pine Restoration Project General Project Information Plant Vogtle represents one of the largest construction projects undertaken in the state of Georgia..Many acres of land were cleared during construction, which required almost 20 years to complete.Southern Nuclear is committed to reclamation of this land.Recognizing the opportunity to playa major role in the reestablishment of a declining native specie, Vogtle incorporated the planting of longleaf pines into the land reclamation plan.Longleaf pines were once vast throughout the Southeast, but dwindled in the region during the last half of the 20 th century.To restore the longleaf pine ecosystem, trees have been planted over 1,400 acres on or near the plant site by employees.

These pines are managed on a long rotation basis, allowing the trees to live from 60 to 100 years.Specific species of animals and plants, such as gopher tortoise and wiregrass, now flourish in this unique ecosystem.

By contributing to the overall restoration of longleaf pine throughout the Southeast, Plant VogUe is demonstrating their commitment to environmental stewardship.

Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation The planting of pines and the maintenance of existing plots will continue.Plans are to reestablish the native longleaf pine and wiregrass-Iongleaf pine communities that have largely been disrupted across the region.Over 700 acres on plant property have been planted since 1990, which may be seen in the map on the following page.Thirty-two acres were planted in 2000 and 52 acres are planned for 2003.Updated Species Inventory Not available.

Project References Mr.Jeff Billups State of Georgia Department of Natural Resources Game Management

.Thompson, Georgia 30824 (706)595-4222 14 Lon<gleaf Pine Areas f..1 Plant Vogtle Boundary Longleaf Pine Areas-717 Acres 15 Education Outreach Projects General Project Information The Environmental Teacher Corps program is designed to educate young people about the importance of clean air, water, and land.The program, which has been well-received since its inception in 1993, involves Southern Company employees from across the state of Georgia, including approximately 40 Plant Vogtle employees.

Through the program, environmental courses are offered for children and for their teachers.A plant employee typically visits the classroom and makes an environmental presentation to the children.Slides, pictures, and/or handouts are utilized as appropriate.

The current courses offered include: Environmental Park (Recycling)

Kindergarten My Friend in the Backyard (Trees)First Grade Water Wise (Water Quality)Second and Third Grades Know Your Resources (Resource Management)

Fourth and Fifth Grades Clean Air Grand Prix (A Study of Electric Vehicles)Sixth Grade Energy and Air (Energy Production and Air Quality)Seventh Grade These courses and the program in general are designed to help teach children about environmental stewardship and wise use of resources.

It is an excellent hands-on tool in education.

Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation Over the last three years, approximately 40 volunteers have given dozens of presentation in five surrounding county schools and science centers.The future of this program is currently unknown.Updated Species Inventory Not available.

Project References Douglas Day Burke County School Superintendent 789 Perimeter Road Waynesboro, GA 30830 Phone: 706-554-5101 Email: cdday@burke.k12.ga.us 16 WHC Sign Project General Project Information It was noticed sometime in 2000 the existing WHC sign had begun to deteriorate.

Plant management takes pride in Vogtle's certification through the WHC Corporate Habitat program.To convey that message, a new sign was ordered.The site Environmental Specialist volunteered his time to design and construct the frame to display the sign.The posts were constructed with cedar lumber and timbers and sealed with a clear coat to provide protection from the weather.Eight employees came together in March 2001 to erect the new sign on the main plant access road.The sign area was later accentuated by planting some low-growing shrubs.Vogtle's environmental commitment and certification will receive excellent visibility as visitors enter the plant.Updated Monitoring and Maintenance Documentation The sign and surrounding area will be maintained in good condition as needed.Updated Species Inventory Not applicable.

Project References Community references not applicable.

17 The following pages contain photographs of recent projects and sightings of wildlife.These pictures are also included on the CD for use by WHC.18 Mike Burke, Environmental Specialist, installs a bluebird box at the Burke County School Complex-April 2001.Photo by Shan Sundaram, Chemistry Supervisor The industrial technology class at Burke County High School presents Shan Sundaram, Chemistry Supervisor, with the finished bluebird boxes-April 2001.Photo by Mike Burke, Environmental Specialist 19 Carlton Chambers, GPC Land Department, installs a wood duck box constructed by the Burke County High School industrial technology class-March 2001.Photo by Mike Burke, Environmental Specialist.

This area near the boat ramp is prepared for the planting of longleaf pines-March 2003.Photo by Amy Greene, Engineer.20 Prescribed burning enhances habitat for wild turkey-February 2003.Photo by Jason Redd, Engineer.Plant Vogtle presents the LEAF award prize check to the AugustaStateUniversity Biology Department

-December 2001.Photo by Ellie Daniel, Communications Specialist.

21 Employees prepare to erect the new WHC sign-March 2001.Photo by Mike Burke, Environmental Specialist.

The new WHC sign greatly enhances the plant entrance and conveys Vogtle's strong commitment to the environment

-March 2001.Photo by Mike Burke, Environmental Specialist.

22 Anhinga are abundant at the Recreation Area pond-Spring 2000.Photo courtesy of C.Emory Moody, Customer Service Analyst.Alligator also make the Recreation Area pond home-Summer 2000.Photo Courtesy of C.Emory Moody, Customer Service Analyst.23 Carolina wren 2000.Photo courtesy of C.Emory Moody, Customer Service Analyst.Mockingbird

-Spring 2001.Photo courtesy of C.Emory Moody, Customer Service Analyst.24 A turtle basks in the sun at the Recreation Area pond-March 2003.Photo by Amy Greene, Engineer.Slider turtles are common on the Vogtle site-February 2003.Photo by Jason Redd, Engineer.25 Green anole-September 2002.Jason Redd, Engineer.26 Company Press Contact Regina Waller Southern Nuclear Operating Company P.O.Box 1295 Birmingham, Alabama 35201 Phone: (205)992-5780 Fax: (205)992-5363 Press Contacts WAGT 905 Broad Street Augusta, Georgia 30901 Fax: (706)826-0026 The True Citizen P.O.Box 948 Waynesboro, Georgia 30830 Fax: (706)554-2111 WRDW P.O.Box 1212 Augusta, Georgia 30903 Fax: (706)278-1212 27 WJBF 1001 Reynolds Street Augusta, Georgia 30901 Fax: (706)722-6664 The Augusta Chronicle P.O.Box 4689 Augusta, Georgia 30903 Fax: (706)724-0851 Acknolwedgements Mr.W.Carlton Chambers Georgia Power Company Land Department Mr.C.Emory Moody Southern Company Services Customer Service Analyst 28

FORESTRY FOR WILDLIFE PARTNERSHIP REPORT A-2 GEORGIA POWER COMPANY FORESTRY FOR WILDLIFE PARTNERSHIP 2000-2001 PROGRAM REPORT INTRODUCTION Georgia Power Company (GPC)is an investor owned utility serving customers in 57,000 of the state's 59,000 square miles.Georgia Power owns and manages approximately 74,000 acres of land reserved for watershed protection, future utility use, and natural buffers for our generation plant sites.The Land Management Section of the Land Department and its foresters manage these lands under three basic guidelines:

l)Protection of assets and the environment.

2)Promote the use of company forestlands and lakes for the public good.3)Wise use and utilization of our renewable natural resources to generate revenue and opportunities for outdoor recreation.

Other departments in GPC also contribute to and promote wildlife awareness through various programs.The Forestry For Wildlife Partnership Program (FWP)matches well with GPC's past and present land management goals and objectives to blend wildlife and timber management on these company lands.The following report describes activities conducted by GPC in 2000/200 I that enhanced, promoted or otherwise benefited wildlife Education and Outreach GPC foresters and wildlife biologist developed management goals and objectives using the FWP as a guide.All contract personnel are informed of the importance of following our FWP objectives and recommendations.

The GPC land department has an exhibit display focusing on forestry, wildlife management and outdoor recreation to help educate internal and external customers of GPC's commitment to forestry and wildlife management.

Brochures are also available describing company owned parks, lakes, and wildlife management areas.The exhibit and brochures were used at events such as the Georgia Wildlife Federation's annual meeting, Fish-a-rama and Buck-a-rama, the Georgia Forestry Association Convention, and the Georgia National State Fair.The WMA brochure is also made available to the public at company owned WMAs.During 2000-200 l, approxilJ.lately 95 GPC employees participated in the Environmental Teachers Corps that made environmental presentations at schools across the state.These presentations reached over 37,400 students.In the Plant Vogtle area, a nature trail was developed to be used by children on school field trips as well as by employees and their families.Donations were made to the Phinizy Swamp Nature Park and to the Augusta State University Biology Department for environmental education and research.At Plant Scherer, GPC partnered with the DNR to provide a quail demonstration area using quail habitat management practices to educate private landowners in this matter.A-3 Foresters have worked with scout groups to assist with merit badge awards for tree and wildlife identification and coordinate other scout groups on nature walks.GPC assisted with hunter education on the Oconee Wildlife Management Area and provided signage for the dove field at Rum Creek.GPC has provided lands, modified timber management plans, and supported the development of wildlife education trails at Blanton Creek, Rum Creek and Oconee WMAs.These trails provide opportunities for wildlife viewing and hiking.Several GPC employees have attended the Partners-in-Flight Bird Boot camps and participated in neotropical bird counts at Plant Hatch, Cartecay and at McGrau Ford WMA's.At Oconee WMA, GPC cooperated with the DNR to install 10 test plots for the Partners-in-Flight Program.GPC also sponsored and assisted with the Weekend for Wildlife to provide funding and support for the Ga.DNR non-game programs.GPC also used bill inserts to advertise the Wildlife Tag program in support of the non-game program.GPC and the NWTF co-sponsored a J.A.K.E.S.

Program for kids at the Charlie Elliott Wildlife Education Center.GPC employees also cooked and served food at the event.Project G.R.E.E.N.

began in 1995 as a land ownership assistance program which GPC was a partner with the Georgia Forestry Commission to administer our carbon sequestration program to plant trees in Georgia.During 2000, 126 landowners were assisted in planting 2,507,863 trees on 3,883 acres.Over the next 35 years, 270,000 tons of carbon (in the form of C02)will be removed from the atmosphere due to this planting.The following is a list of programs supported by GPC as an outreach for wildlife: Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper

-GPC printed the brochure for the third annual Riverkeeper Golf Tournament and is a member of the organizing steering committee.

Printed their River Revival fundraiser invitations for three years.Park Pride-Provided program support, printed brochures and served on the Board, Executive Board, President Elect and served as Co-Chair of First Annual Parks Leadership Conference.

Cool Communities-Serve on the steering committee and printed brochures, financial support.Chattahoochee Nature Center-Provided financial support.Printed for several years their invitations to their annual fundraiser.

The Environmental Resource Network (T.E.R.N.)-Serve on board of directors, chair foundation solicitation committee, and assisted with annual fund-raising at Week-End for Wildlife.Georgia Regional Transportation Authority-Serve on Citizen's Academy (Performance Measures Committee).

The Clean Air Campaign-Serve on Task Force that monitors outreach coordinator.

Metro Atlanta Telecommuting Advisory Council (MATAC)-Serve on board as Past President.

Provide educational information to encourage fewer vehicles on highway.Izaak Walton League-Provided financial support for water quality workshops.

The workshops were designed to tie the importance of water quality to its impact on aquatic life.Georgia Council-Attended their annual legislative reception.

Quail Unlimited-Provide items for silent auction at annual fund-raiser.

US Fish and Wildlife Service-Sponsor the Ga.Jr.Duck Stamp Art Competition.

A-4 Wildlife Management Practices GPC foresters evaluate and manage each tract independently to identify the best methods of management to benefit timber production, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, sensitive areas and the water resources of the site.Long term forest management plans that blend wildlife and timber management objectives have been written on many of our project lands.Some of the older plans were written using DNR recommendations and guidelines that exceeds today's FWP management guidelines.

GPC foresters continue to follow these written plans.and its harvest schedule as outlined.GPC foresters received Arcview GIS training and have adopted its many applications.

All tracts with existing forest management plans and those that were written in 2000-200 I have all been digitally mapped with its related roads, natural feahlres and stand types for building our GIS database.During this report period, McGrau Ford WMA (2,430 acres)located in north Georgia, had a forest management plan written with a 30-year harvest schedule.This plan incorporated wildlife management practices that exceed FWP guidelines.

A forest management plan was also ,written at our Plant Vogtle site (3,200 acres)near Waynesboro, Georgia.This plan included a 20-year harvest schedule.Plant Branch located near Milledgeville, Ga.also had a forest management plan written with a 38-year harvest schedule.At our Plant Yates site (2,350 acres)near Newnan, Georgia, a forest management plan was also written that included a 38-year harvest schedule.On our Goat Rock Lake project (2,517 acres)near Columbus, Ga., a forest management plan was also written with a 38-year harvest schedule.This plan includes protecting two eagle nests and some endangered and threatened species of rare plants using recommendations by the DNR.GIS tract maps of these areas have been attached to this report in Appendix A to visually describe our overall efforts in meeting our goals.Arcview GIS provides foresters, plant personnel, wildlife biologist, and the user public valuable information, especially the extensive mapping capabilities it provides.Listed below is a summary of the practices and associated key factors that was implemented in our silvicultural methods for 2000-2001 which will enhance habitat diversity within the site and across the landscape.

A.Site Preparation:

GPC foresters prescribe various site preparation methods depending on site conditions and objectives.

Due to the diverse nature of our tracts and the stands within those tracts, we must be flexible in how we site prepare these areas.In addition to chemical site preparation, we incorporate mechanical site preparation methods such as mowing, disking, subsoiling, rake and pile, etc.On a limited basis, we have incorporated intensive subsoiling methods on cutover sites.This benefits both wildlife and tree seedlings.

For chemical site preparation, we use different methods of application such as aerial broadcast, backpack foliar applications, and spot soil application of herbicides.

Aerial applications of Arsenal and Accord herbicides are often used on rough cutover sites.Timing of this application occurs A-5 most often in late summer and early fall.In 2000-2001, approximately 665 acres received chemical site preparation.

Another 284 acres received mechanical site preparation.

A total of 949 acres were site prepared during 2000-2001.

B.Regeneration:

During 2000-2001, 1,378 total acres were artificially regenerated averaging 35 acres on 39 different sites that ranged from a low of 4 acres to the largest of 76 acres.Natural regeneration was used on two sites that totaled 160 acres.The following is a break down of species by acres planted: Loblolly Pine Longleaf Pine 1246 acres 228 acres Slash Pine Oak 32 acres 32 acres The stand adjacency requirement is given priority when scheduling harvest cuts.In most cases, our management plans will allow a greater difference in ages between adjacent stands, using seven or eleven years as a guide.In 2000-2001, 97%of the newly established stands met the adjacency requirement.

Due to these smaller sites that are being regenerated, it is very difficult to fully incorporate the other recommended practices as outlined below.These smaller sites are also irregular in shape and create much edge in relation to their size.c.Herbaceous and/or Woody Competition Control Herbicides are a very useful tool in forestry in controlling herbaceous and woody competition in newly established stands.Different methods of application are used depending on the sites.Broadcast application of herbicides for release is seldom used on company lands.However, broadcast applications of UL W herbicide have been recently used for release in young longleaf stands to control the woody competition needed for longleaf survival.On other sites and on most WMAs, band or spot applications of herbicides are used on both site preparation and release.In 2000-2001, a total of907 acres were treated chemically for herbaceous and/or woody competition control.Approximately 407 acres were released using broadcast methods for woody competition..

Approximately 419 acres were banded or spot treated for woody competition control in a release application.

Approximately 55 acres were banded or spot treated for herbaceous competition control in open fields while 26 acres were treated with a broadcast application to control herbaceous competition.

Most all release applications for woody competition are performed in late summer and early fall.Wildlife friendly timing of chemical applications was prevalent on newly established stands.In some cases, tank mixes of herbicides for broadcast applications are altered on WMAs to make a treatment more wildlife friendly.Due to the irregular shape and small size of these newly established stands, the recommended 30'foot untreated buffers were not preserved in these stands.Prescribed Burning GPC foresters help coordinate and assist DNR personnel with prescribed burning activities on company owned WMAs.These areas managed for wildlife and public use are generally given more priority than other company lands when planning A-6 annual burning activities.

Emphasis is also given to those longleaf pine stands on company tracts in the coastal plain and on all stands that have been thinned.In2001, a total of 8,906 acres of company forestlands were prescribed burned.Site preparation bums accounted for 8%.Approximately 72%of the total acres burned were on thinned stands of pine timber, leaving 20%in unthinned stands.E.Thinning Thinning timber stands is a major component of our forest management plans and harvest schedules.

This is especially true when managing for long-term rotations as GPC does on most of its tracts.It allows us to utilize the timber resources while benefiting wildlife.Thinning enhances quail habitat as well as other game andgame species.In 2000-2001, timber stand improvement thinnings accounted for 70%of total acres harvested for a total of 1,330 acres.In our management plans, pine stands are given thinning schedules, which are shown in the Harvest Schedule Report.With current timber market conditions and decreased availability of loggers, it will be a challenge in the future to adhere to our thinning plans.Thinning will continue to playa large role in our forest management activities.

Opening Management In 2000-2001, 59%of our newly established stands contained wildlife friendly openings either associated with access roads, loading decks, or other openings in natural vegetation.

In addition to those types of opening management, approximately 424 acres are planted annually and maintained for wildlife food plots.Wheat, rye and clover mix, sunflowers, bahia grass and browntop millet are frequently used in our management plans for openings along with disking some old.fields and way.G.Riparian Areas The management of these areas has and will continue to have a major impact on GPC land management activities since the majority of our land is associated with rivers, lakes and their tributaries.

Special care is taken to protect priority riparian areas and streamside management zones (SMZs).In 2000-2001,74%

of the newly established stands exceeded BMP recommendations, while 26%met BMP guidelines.

In many cases, the priority riparian areas and SMZs are often enhanced by including other bottomland and upland hardwood types to enlarge those areas for wildlife.These areas are defined and marked on the ground before harvesting begins.Any harvesting done in these areas are trees selectively marked and cut with 50%or more canopy cover maintained.

The attached tract maps shown in Exhibit A should better describe our past and present protection of SMZs and bottomland hardwoods and its associated upland hardwood components that are often used to enhance BMPs.In the Goat Rock Lake forest management plan, Georgia Power Company and MeadWestvaco formed a partnership to protect and maintain a minimum of 100'foot SMZ on the lake shoreline and major creeks entering the reservoir.

This plan, along with other forest management plans written for GPC, will enhance and exceed most recommended BMPs.A-7 Snags and Hardwood Clumps In 2000-2001, 82%of the newly established stands contained either recommended snags or hardwood clumps where it was feasible to do so.Many snags are created after aerial application of herbicides.

On some sites, individual trees greater than 10 inches in diameter are left uncut to create recruitment snags.These trees are either marked or discussed with logger at time of harvest.Approximately 24%of newly established stands retained hardwood clumps and 29%retained individual live trees.Snags and hardwood clumps may not be a priority in regeneration of small pine stands especially where ample edge has been created from such an irregular harvest cut in relation to the size of the site.I.Dead or Down Woody Debris On sites that contained windrows, 16%of those stands established in 2000-2001 contained unburned windrows.Unburned slash piles existed on 27%of newly established stands while 33%contained unburned logging debris.On rough cutover sites, site preparation burning is prescribed to facilitate both machine and hand planting methods.Some sites also require a good bum to insure adequate stocking.The degree of bum can be manipulated by weather conditions and season of the year.Burning later in the year usually results in more woody debris left unburned.Most of our site preparation burning does occur late in the year due to late herbicide applications.

Sensitive Sites and Special Concerns This category has been and will be a major concern to GPC in all land activities.

At l,east 9 known federally listed threatened or endangered species inhabit GPC lands.Prior to timber harvest operations, all planned timber sales are surveyed for sensitive sites and/or threatened or endangered species.In 2000/200 I, GPC worked with the Ga.DNR Heritage group to exchange information and manage endangered species located on GPC transmission rights-of-ways.

This information is used to identify locations of endangered species on GPC rights-of-way.

Endangered species will be identified on the ground, marked and will be managed in an appropriate manner to benefit the species.Management may include burning, mowing, hand clearing or other techniques.

As a part of GPC's forest management activities, there are many opportunities for preservation or restoration of sensitive areas.A few of the preservation areas to date are the Savannah River Bluff near Plant Vogtle, the Altamaha River corridor near Plant Hatch, a Great Blue Heron rookery at Plant Hatch, all pure hardwood stands, wetland areas, and primary zones around Bald Eagle nests.All priority riparian areas and SMZs are also marked and protected during harvesting operations.

GPC is cooperating with the Ga.Natural Heritage Program to protect and maintain areas along the Flint River including Pigeon Creek, Nichols and Sprewell Bluff tracts.The Tallulah Gorge and Sprewell Bluff areas are leased to the state for state parks.GPC has signed agreements with South Carolina and Georgia to manage and protect A-8 populations of persistenttrillium.GPC has located and protected areas around eight Bald Eagle nests located on or adjacent to company lands.All forestry activities in the primary and secondary zones of a Bald Eagle nest are planned according to the DNR recommendations and approvals.

Gopher tortoise burrows are identified and protected on many GPC forestlands and transmission corridors.

GPC has also restored longleaf pine to over 900 acres of former habitat, which will be managed on long term rotations.

Many hardwood bottoms are being replanted in hardwoods.

Many of our pine stands will be managed on long rotations while balancing age class distributions on our largest tracts of land.GPC has been active in Partners-in-Flight.Monitoring occurs on the Plant Hatch site, Rum Creek WMA, and Oconee WMA, McGrau Ford WMA and Cartecay WMA.Wildlife Recreation Georgia Power Company is the largest private provider of public use land in Georgia.Approximately 33,000 acres (45%)of our company lands are leased and managed by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR)for Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs)and state parks to enhance wildlife habitat and provide outdoor recreation to the public.GPC foresters cooperate and coordinate with the DNR wildlife biologists and technicians to provide habitat management improvements and other forest management activities.

Activities such as prescribed burning, road maintenance and construction, providing wildlife openings and nature trails are just a few activities that GPC supports that offset DNR cost on these areas.Many recreational opportunities are available to the public on these WMAs.Across the state, GPC annually leases approximately 7,381 acres to 31 different private hunting clubs.GPC foresters allow these clubs to manage open areas for wildlife.Efforts are also made to inform and educate these clubs on hunting safety and ethics along with proper management of wildlife.Annually, approximately 343 hunting pernlits were issued on approximately 4,700 acres.Hunting opportunities are also available to company employees on generation plant sites.Most plant sites are limited to bow hunting only.GPC foresters have some input on making recommendations for hunting on these plant sites.GPC is committed to providing and enhancing company lands for public outdoor recreation.

The GPC land department is responsible for providing and maintaining company owned recreational sites around the state for the general public.Approximately 8 recreational parks associated with our hydroelectric projects are available for camping, boating, fishing, hiking, and bird watching.Several day use area parks are also available for lake and river access and fishing.The GPC land management staff meets annually with the DNR Law Enforcement Division to discuss issues concerning public use of company owned lakes.The recreation specialists in our land management offices also present boating safety programs at area schools.The company's wildlife biologist and fishery biologist are also available to provide assistance and recommendations to enhance wildlife recreation on all GPC lands.A-9 Partnerships Partnerships with outside organizations and agencies have been a priority in accomplishing our goals and commitments to support wildlife.Thesepartnerships create opportunities to communicate with those wildlife organizations and the public in building relations of cooperation and understanding of forestry and wildlife management.

During 2000/200 I, GPC worked with Zoo Atlanta to find and provide river cane for the Pandas to eat.GPC also worked with DNR to manage some of the available creek bottoms for river cane to provide habitat for the Swanson's warbler.At Plant Scherer, GPC has worked with DNR on awarmseason grass project to benefit the Partners In Flight program.Also at Plant Scherer forest management practices have been modified on 80 acres to create a quail demonstration area.Included in this management was thinning to 40-50 basal area and creating wildlife openings.GPC has formal agreements with Georgia and South Carolina to manage company land as wildlife management areas.Currently there are seven WMAs on GPC lands.Most timber management activities on these WMAs are conducted with an equal emphasis on wildlifemanagementwith long-term plans in place.Another formal agreement with Georgia and South Carolina is to manage and protect the endangered persistent trillium.Long-term studies are ongoing to assist in the recovery of the plant and protect the existing populations.

Plants V ogtle and Hatch are members of the Wildlife Habitat Council.This group certifies each plant for actively managing the sites for wildlife and environmental education.

Details of what activities were conducted at each site are detailed in other sections of this report.GPC has written agreements with the National Wild Turkey Federation, Quail Unlimited, and Ducks Unlimited and holds membership in the Longleaf Alliance.GPC is a member of the National Bluebird Society and is active in Partners in Flight.GPC is a partner in the Georgia Piedmont Natural Resource Cooperative, which is an effort to benefit wildlife management and environmental stewardship on a landscape scale.GPC has supported and will continue to support the Forestry For Wildlife Partnership program.GPC has an ongoing partnership with the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society (BASS)to manage our reservoirs for a productive fishery.Our Christmas tree program provides needed fish habitat and involves clubs across the state in this cooperative effort.GPC has an agreement with the DNR that provides land for state parks at Tallulah Gorge and Sprewell Bluff.GPC's Project WINGS (Wildlife Incentives for Non-game and Game Species)is a partnership between GPC and Two Rivers RC&D Council in which groups or individuals who own or lease land that have GPC transmission lines may receive cash grants if they follow wildlife management techniques within the rights-of-way.

Grant recipients have a three-year obligation to follow wildlife management plans developed from a menu, which might include brush control, permanent wildlife plantings or annual wildlife plantings.

The DNR Wildlife Resources Division and the USDA NRCS developed the menu.Quail Unlimited, the National Wild Turkey Federation, Quality Deer Management Association, Audubon Society-Atlanta Chapter, Georgia Wildlife Federation, The Georgia Conservancy and the soil and water conservation districts endorse the program.Quail Unlimited is partnering with GPC to playa more active role in the future.In 2000, the program was expanded to include the entire state and currently has contracts with the public for approximately

'S,600 acres for wildlife enhancement.

Georgia Power has won several A-10 environmental awards for the program including a national award from American Cyanamid in the utility category.The following information is a summary of forestry field data collected during the 2000-2001 program years that describes the amount of diversity in habitat created at the stand level and across the landscape.

LANDSCAPE LEVEL SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES Acres Harvested 1.complete-576 2.partial (thinned)-1330 Acres Regenerated 1.natural-160 2.artificial-1378 Acres Site Prepared 1.chemical-665 2.mechanical-284 3.total-949 Acres Released 1.herbaceous a.banded or spot-55 b.broadcast-26 2.woody a.banded-419 b.broadcast-407 Acres Prescribed Burned 1.site preparation 689 2.intermediate a.thinned-6,388 b.unthinned-1,829 Sil VICUl TURAl ASSESSMENT FOR NEWLY ESTABLISHED STANDS A.Adjacency 97%of newly established stands adjacent to stands with a minimum of 3 growing seasons or>1 0'average height.A-11 B.Buffers 1.Streamside Management Zones 26%adequate (meets BMPs)74%enhanced (exceeds BMPs)2.Shrub Edge Structure Q%of total sites with a shrub buffer a minimum of30'in average width adjacent to wetlands, SMZs, and other forest stands.C.Snags/Recruitment Trees 82%of total sites that avg.>1 snag/acre>

10" dbh (hardwoods in clumps preferred)D.Woody Debris Percent of total sites with: lQ0A, unburned windrows when applicable 27%slash piles 33%unburned logging debris E.Openings 59%sites with roads, roadsides, log decks and stream crossings stabilized with native vegetation or wildlife friendly plantings (plantings other than fescue, Bermuda grass, sericea lespedeza, and weeping love grass)F.Hardwood Leave Trees Percent of sites with: 24%hardwood clumps 29%live cull trees G.Corridors of Mature Trees Percent of sites with: 72%upland corridorspriority riparian corridors A-12 Updated Plant Species Inventory A-13 acan Dyschoriste oblongifolia aspi Thelypteris palustris acan Justicia amencana aspl Asplenium platyneuron acer Acer negundo ast Ambrosia artemisiifo lia acer Acer rubrum ast Antennaria plantaginifolia acer Acer saccharinum ast Aster concolor acer Acer saccharum ast Aster dumosus agav Agave virginica ast Aster linariifolius alis Sagittaria latifolia ast Aster pilosus amar Froelichia floridana ast Aster tortifolius amar Froelichia gracilis ast Aster undulatus anac Rhus copallina ast Aster VImIneus ann Asimina p arvi flora ast Bidens bipinnata apIa Angelica venenosa ast Bidens discoidea apIa Chaerophyllum tainturieri ast Bidens tripartita apia Cicuta maculata ast Cacalia atriplicifolia apIa Cryptotaenia canadensis ast Chrysogonum virginianum apia Daucus pusillus ast Cirsium nuttallii apia Eryngium yuccifolium ast Cirsium repandum apia Hydrocotyle verticillata ast Coreopsis lanceolata apia Ptilimnium capillaceum ast Coreopsis major apia Sanicula canadensis ast Eelipta alba apia Sanicula gregaria ast Elephantopus carolinianus apia Spermolepis divaricata ast Elephantopus nudatus apIa Spermolepis echinata ast Erechtites hieracifolia apia Thaspium barbinode ast Erigeron strigosus apIa Thaspium trifoliatum ast Eupatorium aromaticum apIa Trepocarpus aethusae ast Eupatorium coelestinum aqui Hex ambigua ast Eupatorium compositifolium aquI Hex decidua ast Eupatorium cuneifolium aqui Hex glabra ast Eupatorium recurvans aquI Hex opaca ast Eupatorium rugosum aqui Hex verticillata ast Facelis retusa arac Arisaema triphyllum ast Gnaphalium obtusifolium arac Peltandra vIrgInIca ast Gnaphalium purpureum arec Sabal mInor ast Haplopappus divaricatus asel Aselepias amplexicaulis ast Helianthus hirsutus asel Aselepias humistrata ast Helianthus laetiflorus asel Aselepias rubra ast Heliopsis helianthoides asel Asclepias tuberosa ast Heterotheca gossypina asel Asclepias verticillata ast Heterotheca graminifolia asel Matalea carolinensis ast Heterotheca mariana aspi Athyrium asplenioides ast Heterotheca subaxillaris aspI Onoelea sensibilis ast Hieracium gronovii aspI Polystichum acrosticoides ast Hymenopappus scabiosaeus A-14 ast Hypochoeris elata ast Krigia virginiana ast Kuhnia eupatorioides ast Lactuca canadensis ast Lactuca graminifolia ast Liatris asp era ast Liatris earlii ast Liatris elegans ast Liatris tenuifolia ast Melanthera hastata ast Mikania scandens ast Pyrrhopappus carolinianus ast Rudbeckia hirta ast Rudbeckia laciniata ast Senecio glabellum ast Senecio smallii ast Silphium compositum ast Silphium dentatum ast Solidago caeSIa ast Solidago gigantea ast Solidago nemoralis ast Solidago odora ast Solidago petiolaris ast Solidago tenuifolia ast Sonchus asper ast Spilanthes americana ast Tetragonotheca helianthoides ast Verbesina occidentalis ast Verbesina virginica ast Verbesina walteri ast Vernonia altissima ast Vernonia angustifolia bals Impatiens capensis berb Podophyllum peltatum bet Alnus serrulata bet Carpinus caroliniana bet Ostrya virginiana bign Anisostichuscapreolata bign Campsis radicans bign Catalpa speciosa blec Woodwardiaareolata blec Woodwardia virginica bor Lithospermum carolinense bor Lithospermum caroliniense A-15 ast Hypochoeris glabra brassArabidopsisthaliana brass Arabis canadensis brass Cardamine pensylvanica brass Lepidium virginicum brom Tillandsia usneoides cact Opuntia humifusa camp Campanula divaricata camp Lobelia puberula camp Specularia perfoliata camp Wahlenbergia marginata capr Lonicera japonica capr Lonicera sempervirens capr Sambucus canadensis capr Viburnum dentatum cary Arenaria caroliniana cary Arenaria serpyllifolia cary Paronychia americana cary Silene stellata cary Silene vlfglnlca cary Stipulicida setacea cela Euonymus americanus chen Chenopodium album chen Chenopodium ambrosioides cist Helianthemumcanadense cist Helianthemumcarolinianum cist Helianthemumrosmarinifolium cist Lechea leggettii cist Lechea villosa elus Hypericum gentianoides elus Hypericum gymnanthum elus Hypericum hypericoides elus Hypericum mutilum elus Hypericum pseudomaculatum elusHypericumpunctatum elus Hypericum walteri com Commelina diffusa com Commelina erecta com Commelina virginica com Tradescantia ohiensis com Tradescantia rosea com Tradescantia roseolens com Tradescantia virginiana cony Bonamia patens cony Ipomea COCClnea corn Comus florida cony Ipomea pandurata corn Comus stricta cuc Cayaponia boykinii euph Euphorbia ipecacuanhae cuc Citrullus vulgaris euph Euphorbia suplna cyp Bulbostylis ciliatifolia euph Phyllanthus amarus cyp Carex albo lutescens euph Stillingia sylvatica cyp Carex festucacea euph Tragia urens cyp Carex intumescens fab Amorpha fruiticosa cyp Carex lupulina fab Apios amencana cyp Carex lurida fab Astragalus michauxii cyp Carex tenax fab Baptisia lanceolata cyp Carex tribuloides fab Baptisia pendula cyp Carex typhina fab Baptisia perfoliata cyp Cyperus filiculmis fab Cassia fasciculata cyp Cyperus ovularis fab Cassia nlctltans cyp Cyperus plukenetii fab Centrosema virginianum cyp Cyperus refractus fab Cercis canadensis cyp Cyperus retrofractus fab Clitoria manana cyp Cyperus strigosus fab Crotalaria angulata cyp Eleocharis mlcrocarpa fab Desmodium ciliare cyp Fimbristylis autumnalis fab Desmodium femaldii cyp Rhynchospora glomerata fab Desmodium glabellum cyp Rhynchospora miliacea fab Desmodium glutinosum cyp Scirpus cyperinus fab Desmodium marilandicum cyp Scirpus divaricatus fab Desmodium nuttallii cyp Seleria ciliata fab Desmodium strictum dios Dioscorea villosa fab Desmodium viridiflorum eben Diospyros virginiana fab Galactia macreel eric Chimaphila maculata fab Galactia regularis eric Gaylussacia dumosa fab Galactia volubilis enc Lyonia ligustrina fab Glottidium veSlcanum eric Lyonia manana fab Indigofera caro liniana eric Rhododendronnudiflorum fab Lespedeza bicolor enc Vaccinium arboreum fab Lespedeza cuneata enc Vaccinium corymbosum fab Lespedeza hirta enc Vaccinium elliottii fab Lespedeza intermedia eric Vaccinium stamineum fab Lespedeza repens enc Vaccinium tenellum fab Lespedeza stipulacea euph Acalypha gracilens fab Lespedeza violacea euph Acalypha rhomboidea fab Lupinus diffusus euph Cnidoscolus stimulosus fab Medicago lupulina euph Croton glandulosus fab Melilotus alba euph Euphorbia cordifolia fab Petalostemum pinnatum euph Euphorbia corollata fab Phaseolus polystachios A-16 fab Psoralea canescens fab Rhynchosia diffonnis fab RhYfichosia renifonnis fab Stylosanthes biflora fab Tephrosia spicata fab Tephrosia virginiana fab Trifolium arvense fab Trifolium campestre fab Vida angustifolia fab Zornia bracteata faga Castanea pumila faga Quercus alba faga Quercus falcata faga Quercus inc ana faga Quercus laevis faga Quercus laurifo lia faga Quercus margaretta faga Quercus marilandica faga Quercus pagoda faga Quercus.phellos faga Quercus stellata faga Quercus velutina gent Sabatia calycina ger Geranium carolinianum ham Hamamelis virginiana hipp Aesculus pavia hydg Decumaria barbara irid SisYfhynchium atlanticum jugl Carya ovalis jugl Carya pallida jugl Carya tomentosa junc Juncus conaceus junc Juncus dichotomus junc Juncus effUsus junc Juncus marginatus junc Juncus platyphyllus junc Luzula sp.lam Hedeoma pulegioides lam L ycopus vlrglnlcus lam Monarda punctata lam Pycanathemum incanum lam Salvia azurea lam Salvia lyrata lam Scutellaria integrifolia A-17 fab Rhynchosia tomentosa fab Schrankia microphylla fab Strophostyles umbellata lam Scutellaria lateriflora lam Scutellaria mellichampii lam Trichostema dichotomum lam Trichostema setaceum laur Sassafras albidum IiI Amianthium muscaetoxicum IiI Nolina georgiana IiI Smilax bona-nox IiI Smilax pumila IiI Smilax rotundifolia IiI Smilax smallii lil Smilax walteri IiI Yucca filamentosa log Cynoctonummitreola log Gelsemium sempervirens log Po lypremum procumbens log Spigelia marilandica lyth Decodon verticillatus magnLiriodendron tulipifera malv Hibiscus militaris malv Sida rhombifolia mela Rhexia manana mela Rhexia nashii moll Mollugo vertic i llata myr Myrica cerifera nyss Nyssa sylvatica olea Chionanthus virginicus olea Fraxinus pennsylvanica onag Gaura filipes onag Ludwigia alternifolia onag Ludwigia leptocarpa onag Oenothera laciniata oph Botrychium biternatum orch Corallorhiza wisteriana orch Goodyera pubescens orch Spiranthes vernalis orch Spiranthes praecox orob Conopholis americana oxal Oxalis dillenii oxal Oxalis stricta pap Sanguinaria canadensis pass Passiflora incamata pgal Polygala grandiflora pgal Polygala lutea phyt Phytolacca amencana plant Plantago virginica plyp Polypodium polypodioides poac Agrostis hyemalis poac Agrostis perennans poac Andropogon gerardii poac Andropogon scoparius poac Andropogon temarius poac Andropogon virginicus poac Anthaenantia villosa poac Aristida purpurascens poac Aristida stricta poac Aristida tuberculosa poac Briza mInor poac Bromus catharticus poac Cenchrus incertus poac Cinna arundinacea poac Cynodon dactyl on poac Dactyloctenium aegyptium poac Danthonia sericea poac Digitaria filiformis poac Digitaria sanguinalis poac Eragrostis hirsuta poac Eragrostis refracta poac Erianthus alopecuroides poac Erianthus contortus poac Erianthus giganteus poac F estuca octo flora poac Glyceria striata poac Gymnopogon ambiguus poac Hordeum pusillum poac Hordeum vulgare poac Leersia lenticularis poac Leersia oryzoides poac Lolium multiflorum poac Melica mutica poac Muhlenbergia capillaris poac Panicum virgatum poac Panicum spp.poac Paspalum boscianum poac Paspalum notatum A-18 pIn Pinus echinata pin Pinus taeda plant Plantago aristata plant Plantago hookeriana poac Paspalum setaceum poac Paspalum urvillei poac Setaria corrugata poac Sorghum halepense poac Stipa avenacea poac Tridens flavus poac Uniola latifolia poac Uniola laxa poac Uniola sessiliflora pole Phlox amoena poly Brunnichia cirrhosa poly Eriogonum tomentosum poly Polygonella americana polyPolygonumpensylvanicum poly Polygonum punctatum poly Polygonum sagittatum poly Polygonum scandens poly Polygonum setaceum poly Rumex hastatulus poly Tovara virginiana prim Samolus parviflorus pter Pteridium aquilinum ran Clematis reticulata ran Delphinium carolinianum ran Hepatica americana rham Ceanothus americanus ros Agrimonia pubescens ros Amelanchierarborea ros Amelanchiercanadensis ros Chrysobalanusoblongifolius ros Crategus flava ros Crategus punctata ros Crategus spathulata ros Potentilla canadensis ros Prunus alabamensis ros Prunus angustifolia ros Prunus serotina ros Prunus umbellata ros Rosa bracteata ros Rosa carolina ros Rubus cuneifolius ros Rubus trivialis rub Cephalanthus occidentalis rub Diodia teres rub Galium circaezans rub Galium hispidulum rub Houstonia longifolia rub Mitchella rep ens rub Richardia brasiliensis saur Saururus cemuus sax Heuchera amencana sax Itea virginica sax Penthorum sedoides sax Saxifraga virginiensis scr Agalinis tenella scr Aureolaria pectinata scr Aureolaria vIrgInIa scr Gratiola vIrgInIana scr Linaria canadensis scr Mimulus alatus scr Penstemon australis scr Verbascum thapsus scr Veronica peregrina sol Physalis virginiana sol Solanum amencanum sol Solanum carolinense spar Sparganium americanum styr Halesia carolina symp Symplocos tinctoria tum Piriqueta caroliniana typh Typha latifolia ulm Celtis occidentalis ulm Ulmus amencana ulm Ulmus rubra uft Boehmeria cylindrica uft Pilea pumila val Valerianella sp.verb Callicarpa americana verb Verbena brasiliensis verb Verbena camea verb Verbena halei verb Verbena rigida viol Viola affinis viol Viola palmata A-19 rub Galium rub Galium rub Galium rub Galium obtusum pilosum tinctorum uniflorum vitAmpelopsisarborea vit Ampelopsis cordata vit Parthenocissus quinquefolia vit Vitis aestivalis vit Vitis labrusca vit Vitis rotundifolia xyr Xyris platylepis A-20