ML031080009

Letter Transmitting Mit Research Reactor Annual Report to USNRC for Period July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2002

ML031080009
Person / Time
Site:	MIT Nuclear Research Reactor
Issue date:	04/07/2003
From:	Bernard J, Lau E, Newton T Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
To:	Document Control Desk, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML031080009 (30)

Text

NUCLEAR REACTOR LABORATORY AN INTERDEPARTMENTAL CENTER OF MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JOHN A. BERNARD 138 Albany Street. Cambridge, MA 02139-4296 Activation Analysis Director Telefax No. (617) 253-7300 Coolant Chemistry Director of Reactor Operations Tel. No. (617)2534211/4202 Nuclear Medicine Principal Research Engineer Reactor Engineering April 7, 2003 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555 ATTN: Document Control Desk

Subject:

Annual Report, Docket No. 50-20, License R-37, Technical Specification 7.13.5 Gentlemen:

Forwarded herewith is the Annual Report for the MIT Research Reactor for the period July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002, in compliance with paragraph 7.13.5 of the Technical Specifications for Facility Operating License R-37.

Sincerely, Thomas H. wton, Jr., PE Edward S. Lau, NE Reactor Engineer Superintendent MIT Research Reactor MIT Research Reactor A. Bernard, Ph.D.

Director MIT Research Reactor JAB/gw

Enclosure:

As stated cc: USNRC - Senior Project Manager, NRR/ONDD USNRC - Region I - Project Scientist, Effluents Radiation Protection Section (ERPS)

FRSSB/DRSS

I *,

MIT RESEARCH REACTOR NUCLEAR REACTOR LABORATORY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT to United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the Period July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2002 by REACTOR STAFF

Table of Contents Section Page Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 A. Summary of Operating Experience. 3 B. Reactor Operation .10 C. Shutdowns and Scrams .11 D. Major Maintenance .13 E. Section 50.59 Changes, Tests, and Experiments .16 F. Environmental Surveys .20 G. Radiation Exposures and Surveys Within the Facility .21 H. Radioactive Effluents .22 I. Summary of Use of Medical Facility for Human Therapy .26

MIT RESEARCH REACTOR ANNUAL REPORT TO U. S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1. 2001 - JUNE 30. 2002 INTRODUCTION This report has been prepared by the staff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor for submission to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in compliance with the requirements of the Technical Specifications to Facility Operating License No. R-37 (Docket No. 50-20), Paragraph 7.13.5, which requires an annual report following the 30th of June of each year.

The MIT Research Reactor (MuTR), as originally constructed, consisted of a core of MTR-type fuel, enriched in uranium-235 and cooled and moderated by heavy water in a four-foot diameter core tank, surrounded by a graphite reflector. After initial criticality on July 21, 1958, the first year was devoted to startup experiments, calibration, and a gradual rise to one megawatt, the initially licensed maximum power.

Routine three-shift operation (Monday-Friday) commenced in July 1959. The authorized power level was increased to two megawatts in 1962 and to five megawatts (the design power level) in 1965.

Studies of an improved design were first undertaken in 1967. The concept which was finally adopted consisted of a more compact core, cooled by light water, and surrounded laterally and at the bottom by a heavy water reflector. It is under-moderated for the purpose of maximizing the peak of thermal neutrons in the heavy water at the ends of the beam port re-entrant thimbles and for enhancement of the neutron flux, particularly the fast component, at in-core irradiation facilities. The core is hexagonal in shape, 15 inches across, and utilizes fuel elements which are rhomboidal in cross section and which contain UALX intermetallic fuel in the form of plates clad in aluminum and fully enriched in uranium-235. Much of the original facility, e.g., graphite reflector, biological and thermal shields, secondary cooling systems, containment, etc., has been retained.

After Construction Permit No. CPRR-1 18 was issued by the former U.S.

Atomic Energy Commission in April 1973, major components for the modified reactor were procured and the MITR-I completed its mission on May 24, 1974, having logged 250,445 megawatt hours during nearly 16 years of operation.

The old core tank, associated piping, top shielding, control rods and drives, and some experimental facilities were disassembled, removed, and subsequently replaced with new equipment. After preoperational tests were conducted on all systems, the

2 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued Amendment No. 10 to Facility Operating License No. R-37 on July 23, 1975. After initial criticality for MITR-1[ on August 14, 1975, and several months of startup testing, power was raised to 2.5 MW in December. Routine 5-MW operation was achieved in December 1976. Three shift operation, Monday through Friday, was continued through 1995 when a gradual transition to continuous operation (24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> per day, 7 days per week with a shutdown for maintenance every 4-5 weeks) was initiated. The current operating mode is continuous operation at full power.

In July 1999, an application to relicense the reactor for twenty years and to upgrade its power level to 6 MW was submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. That request is now being processed. In December 2000, a fission converter medical facility was commissioned. This facility generates the best epithermal beam in the world for use in the treatment of certain types of cancer.

This is the twenty-seventh annual report required by the Technical Specifications, and it covers the period July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002. Previous reports, along with the "MITR-ll Startup Report" (Report No. MITNE-198, February 14, 1977) have covered the startup testing period and the transition to routine reactor operation. This report covers the twenty-fifth full year of routine reactor operation at the 5-MW licensed power level. It was another year in which the safety and reliability of reactor operation met and exceeded requirements and expectations.

A summary of operating experience and other activities and related statistical data are provided in Sections A through I of this report.

3 A.

SUMMARY

OF OPERATING EXPERIENCE

1. General The MIT Research Reactor, IITR-ll, is operated to facilitate experiments and research including medical studies and clinical trials, bulk material irradiation damage studies, and neutron activation analysis. It is also used for student laboratory exercises and student operator training, and accommodates the medical program on boron neutron capture therapy for cancer-treatment studies. When operating, the reactor is normally maintained at a nominal 5 MW. For much of this reporting period, the reactor was maintained at full power almost continuously (168 hour0.00194 days <br />0.0467 hours <br />2.777778e-4 weeks <br />6.3924e-5 months <br />s/week) for four weeks. It was then shut down for half a day to five days for maintenance and other necessary outage activities, and then started up to full power and maintained there for another four to five weeks. The period covered by this report is the twenty-fifth full year of normal operation for MITR-ll.

The reactor averaged 127.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> per week at power compared to 140.1 hours1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> per week for the previous year and 101.8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> per week two years ago. The higher number of average full power hours per week for FY2002 and FY2001 was because the scheduled reactor downtime in FY2000 for replacement of the reactor's cooling tower and installation of the Fission Converter Medical Facility was no longer required.

The reactor was operated throughout the year with 24 elements in the core.

The remaining three positions were occupied by solid aluminum dummies. During FY2002, compensation for reactivity lost due to burnup was provided by four refuelings. These followed standard MITR practice which is to introduce fresh fuel to the inner portion of the core (the A- and B-Rings) where peaking is least and to place partially spent fuel in the outer portion of the core (the C-Ring). In addition, elements were inverted and rotated so as to achieve more uniform burnup gradients in those elements. Eight new elements were introduced into the reactor core during FY2002.

The MITR-11 fuel management program remains quite successful. All of the original MITR-ll elements (445 grams U-235) have been permanently discharged. The overall burnup for the discharged elements was 42%. (Note: One element was removed prematurely because of excess outgassing.) The maximum overall bumup achieved was 48%. A total of one hundred thirty-six of the newer, MITR-ll elements (506 grams U-235) have been introduced to the core. Of these, seventy-five have attained the maximum allowed fission density and were discharged from the reactor core to the spent fuel storage pool. However, some of these may be reused if that limit is increased as would seem warranted based on metallurgical studies by DOE. Seven elements have been identified as showing excess outgassing and two are suspected of this. All nine have been removed from service and returned to an off-site DOE storage facility. The other fifty-two are either currently in the reactor core, in the fission converter tank, or have been partially depleted and are in the wet storage ring awaiting reuse. During the period of FY2002, sixteen spent elements were returned to an off-

4 site DOE facility. Details regarding shipment of spent fuel are discussed in section A.7 of this report.

Protective system surveillance tests are conducted whenever the reactor is scheduled to be shut down.

As in previous years, the reactor was operated throughout the period without the fixed hafnium absorbers, which were designed to achieve a maximum peaking of the thermal neutron flux in the heavy water reflector beneath the core. These had been removed in November 1976 in order to gain the reactivity necessary to support more in-core experiment facilities.

2. Experiments The MITR-II was used throughout the year for experiments and irradiations in support of research, training and education programs at MIT and elsewhere.

Experiments and irradiations of the following types were conducted:

a) Neutron activation analyses were performed on over 200 samples to study and quantify new decontamination methods for Dr. Kaiser for a DOE Superfund Cleanup program.

b) Activation of yttrium foils for a DOE Clinical trial at the Massachusetts General Hospital for spinal cord cancer removal therapy.

c) Production of gold-198, iridium-192, and copper-64 seeds for DOE clinical trials/medical research.

d) Production of iodine-125 seeds in xenated silicon chips and vascular stents with activated iridium-192 for DOE clinical trials at the Massachusetts General Hospital for medical research.

e) Study of BPA drug uptake and distribution pattern in live animals using the reactor's 4DHI, 4DH3 and Thermal Beam facilities. These analyses support neutron capture therapy and studies of radiation synovectomy for treatment of arthritis.

f) Neutron activation of scintillator detection medium in support of national and international projects on neutrino measurement.

g) Activation of uranium foils for detector calibration at the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico.

h) Activation of ammonium hydroxide liquid for a precipitation study at General Electric.

5 i) Activation of micro-scandium particles for internal radiotherapy studies at Washington University at St. Louis.

j) Autism studies using neutron activation analysis to detect trace mercury in human hair and tissue samples.

k) Activation of thulium on nucleopore filters for marine biology studies at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.

1) Measurements of leakage neutron energy spectrum to determine reactor temperature using a mechanical chopper in the 4DHl radial beam port facility.

Measurement of neutron wavelength by Bragg reflection permits demonstration of the DeBroglie relationship for physics courses at MIT and other universities. Time-of-flight measurements are also performed by students from the MIT Nuclear Engineering Department.

m) Gamma irradiation of seeds and vegetation for demonstration of radiation effects on plants and organic substances.

n) Microdosimetry study using the Thermal Beam Facility on cultured cells, and to determine radiation effects on organs.

o) Gamma irradiation of PLGA-coated alumina fibers for medical research and applications.

p) Activation of regional wood specimens for hardening studies.

q) Gamma irradiation of cyanate ester resins for stability analyses of materials used as thermal insulator in plasma fusion machine high-power magnets.

r) Use of the reactor's 3GV facility at low power to perform track-etch analyses of brain tissues treated with a boron-containing drug for microdosimetry study.

s) Neutron activation analysis of sludge-mud samples taken from regional sewage treatment plants to determine contents and re-concentration of heavy metals.

t) Irradiation of geological materials to determine quantities and distribution of fissile materials using solid state nuclear track detectors.

u) Hot cell and SEM analyses of post-in-core-irradiated ceramics for use as fuel cladding material.

v) Activation of enriched calcium-44 on polymer nanoskin for internal radiotherapy studies.

6 w) Neutron activation study and long-term irradiation effect study on wax samples with an array of colors and heavy metal contents to determine temperature sensitivity of wax used in detector designs for the MIT Chemical Engineering Department and Draper Laboratory.

x) Neutron activation of thorium foils to study neutron transmutation properties of long-lived radioactive waste.

y) Neutron activation of aluminum specimens to determine iron oxide contamination for Harvard University.

z) Use of the reactor facility for training of MIT student reactor operators and for nuclear engineering classes.

In addition to the above list, the MIT reactor has been used to provide fission-spectrum neutron irradiation in the core for dose reduction studies for the light-water nuclear power industry, beginning in 1989 after much planning and out-of-core evaluation. These studies entail installing experimental cooling loops in the reactor core to investigate the chemistry of corrosion and the transport of radioactive crud.

Loops that replicate both pressurized (PWR) and boiling water reactors (BWR) were built. The PWR loop has been operational since August 1989. The BWR loop became operational in October 1990. A third loop, one for the study of irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC), became operational in June 1994. A fourth one, also for the study of crack growth, began operation in April 1995. An experiment using the IASCC thimble was installed in-core in February 1999 to study cross-corrosion behaviors of various metal specimens placed in close proximity (shadowing). The first of these experiments was successfully completed in June 1999.

Another in-core experiment re-using the IASCC thimble was conducted throughout September and October 2000, irradiating and investigating behavior of new materials for cladding of power reactor fuel. The post-irradiation study of these cladding ceramics was performed at the reactor facility during 2001.

Another major research effort that was ongoing during the period of FY2002 is the Fission Converter Project. This project is expected to make extensive use of the reactor's fission converter facility for FDA Phase I / II boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) clinical trials for treatment of glioblastoma (brain cancer) and melanoma (skin cancer). Funding for these clinical trials is currently provided by the National Institute of Health. The fission converter facility was funded by DOE, and construction by NRL personnel was completed in autumn 2000. Major peripheral equipment installation was completed in FY2001. In FY2002, it was used primarily for beam and drug studies by national and international groups. Many of the beam studies were performed as preparation for the BNCT clinical trials. The clinical trials are a collaborative effort with the Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center which is affiliated with the Harvard Medical School.

As part of the BNCT project, the epithermal neutron beam at the reactor basement's original medical facility was converted into a thermal beam during

7 FY2002. Much effort was also made to install Ricorad shielding along the inner wall of this facility adjacent to the reactor's equipment room, in order to improve shielding to minimize radiation interference in the Thermal Beam room during operation of the fission converter. A full-size control console was also constructed to replace the original beam control panel, and new lighting was installed inside the medical room.

See Section I for more details on the BNCT clinical trial program.

3. Changes to Facility Design Except for minor changes reported in Section E, no changes in the facility design were made during the year. As indicated in past reports the uranium loading of MITR-ll fuel was increased from 29.7 grams of U-235 per plate and 445 grams per element (as made by Gulf United Nuclear Fuels, Inc., Connecticut) to a nominal 34 and 510 grams respectively (made originally by the Atomics International Division of Rockwell International, California, now by BWX Technologies, Inc., Virginia). With the exception of seven elements (one Gulf, six Al) that were found to be outgassing excessively, performance of these fuel elements has been good. (Please see Reportable Occurrence Reports Nos. 50-20/794, 50-20/83-2, 50-20/85-2, 50-20/86-1, 50-20/86-2, 50-20/88-1, and 50-20/91-1.) The heavier loading results in 41.2 w/o U in the core, based on 7% voids, and corresponds to the maximum loading in Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) fuel. Atomics International completed the production of forty-one of the more highly loaded elements in 1982. Of the forty elements that were used to some degree, thirty-two with about 40% burnup have been discharged because they have attained the fission density limit. Of the other eight, six were, as previously reported to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, removed from service because of excess outgassing and two were removed because of suspected excess outgassing.

Ninety-six elements fabricated by BWXT have been received, fifty-two of which remain in use. One has been removed because of suspected excess outgassing and forty-three have been discharged because they have attained the fission density limit.

The MITR staff has been following with interest the work of the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) Program at Argonne National Laboratory, particularly the development of advanced fuels that will permit uranium loadings up to several times the recent upper limit of 1.6 grams total uranium/cubic centimeter. Consideration of the thermal-hydraulics and reactor physics of the MITR-II core design show that conversion of MYTR-ll fuel to lower enrichment must await the successful demonstration of the proposed advanced fuels.

4. Changes in Performance Characteristics Performance characteristics of the MITR-ll were reported in the "MITR-Il Startup Report." Minor changes have been described in previous reports. There were no changes during the past year. Performance characteristics of the Fission Converter Facility were reported in the "Fission Converter Facility Startup Report".

8

5. Changes in Operating Procedures With respect to operating procedures subject only to MITR internal review and approval, a summary is given below of those changes implemented during the past year. Those changes related to safety and subject to additional review and approval are discussed in Section E of this report.

a) SAR Appendix 13B, "Physical Security Plan," was updated for current equipment and practices, following biennial review. Because the changes (subject to inspection to confirm) did not decrease the effectiveness of the plan, NRC stated that no NRC approval was required. (SR#-O-O1-6) b) PM 3.16.{various} et al., "Procedures for BNCT Using the Fission Converter,"

established new procedures based on PM 3.14 boron neutron capture therapy procedures for human subjects, updated for use with the instrumentation and techniques available for the fission converter facility. (SR#-0-02-1)

6. Surveillance Tests and Inspections There are many written procedures in use for surveillance tests and inspections required by the Technical Specifications. These procedures provide a detailed method for conducting each test or inspection and specify an acceptance criterion which must be met in order for the equipment or system to comply with the requirements of the Technical Specifications. The tests and inspections are scheduled throughout the year with a frequency at least equal to that required by the Technical Specifications. Thirty such tests and calibrations are conducted on an annual, semi-annual, or quarterly basis.

Other surveillance tests are done each time before startup of the reactor if shut down for more than 16 hours1.851852e-4 days <br />0.00444 hours <br />2.645503e-5 weeks <br />6.088e-6 months <br />, before startup if a channel has been repaired or de-energized, and at least monthly; a few are on different schedules. Procedures for such surveillance are incorporated into daily or weekly startup, shutdown or other checklists.

During the reporting period, the surveillance frequency has been at least equal to that required by the Technical Specification, and the results of tests and inspections were satisfactory throughout the year for Facility Operating License No. R-37.

9

7. Status of Spent Fuel Shipment Pursuant to Amendment No. 29 to Facility Operating License No. R-37, paragraph 2.B.(2) subparagraph (b), reported herewith is the status of the establishment of a shipping capability for spent fuel and other activities relevant to the temporary increase in the possession limit. (Note: Amendment No. 29 expired on August 8, 1999. The MITR is in compliance with the original possession limit.)

In FY2002, two shipments were completed. The U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission are currently preparing new guidelines for future shipments.

10 B. REACTOR OPERATION Information on energy generated and on reactor operating hours is tabulated below:

Quarter 1 2 l 3 l 4 Total I I1. Energy Generated (MWD):

a) MITR-ll 335.5 256.6 386.0 347.0 1325.1 (MIT FY2002)

(normally at 4.9 MW) b) MITR-1I 21,341.3 (MIT FY1976-2001) c) MITR-I 10,435.2 (MIT FY1959-1974) d) Cumulative, 33,101.6 MITR-I & MITR-ll L2. MITR-ll Operation (hours):

(MIT FY2002) a) At Power

(>0.5-MW) for 1707.5 1485.6 1925.2 1817.3 6935.6 Research b) Low Power

(<0.5-MW) for 48.0 90.3 15.5 42.8 196.6 Training(1 ) and Test c) Total Critical 1755.5 1575.9 1940.6 1860.2 7132.2 (1) These hours do not include reactor operator and other training conducted while the reactor is at full power for research purposes (spectrometer, etc.) or for isotope production. Such hours are included in the previous line.

11 C. SHUTDOWNS AND SCRAMS During the period of this report there were 8 inadvertent scrams and 35 unscheduled shutdowns.

The term "scram" refers to shutting down of the reactor through protective system action when the reactor is at power or at least critical, while the term "shutdown" refers to an unscheduled power reduction to subcritical by the reactor operator in response to an abnormal condition indication. Rod drops and electric power loss without protective system action are included in unscheduled shutdowns.

The following summary of scrams and shutdowns is provided in approximately the same format as for previous years in order to facilitate a comparison.

1. Nuclear Safety System Scrams Total a) High level Channel #4 trip as result of electronic component failure. 2 b) Period channel level offscale trip during transient to very low power in preparation for rod calibration procedure. 1 Subtotal 3

2. Process System Scrams a) Low flow secondary trip on failure of cooling tower sump level controller. 1 b) Low flow primary trip due to operator error while changing recorder chart. 1 c) Basement personnel airlock gaskets deflated trip as result of two persons entering simultaneously from opposite sides. 1 d) Fission converter trip as result of fault in interlock logic. 1 e) Fission converter trip due to experimenter error while testing. I Subtotal 5

12

3. Unscheduled Shutdowns a) Shutdown due to loss of offsite electricity. 9 b) Shutdown due to drops of shim blades (#1 & #5). 2 c) Shutdown due to NTD Silicon machine malfunctions. 2 d) Shutdown due to circuit L21AL22 voltage transients.(') 22 Subtotal 35 Total 43 Note (1): The circuit L21/L22 voltage transients were caused by a fault in the cooling tower fan circuitry, which interacted with the withdraw permit circuit and Safety System Channel #4. These transients all occurred very fast and took substantial time to identify and repair.

As a result there were a number of these shutdowns; however they had no safety significance.

4. Experience during recent years has been as follows:

Fiscal Year Scrams 1997 8 1998 5 1999 11 2000 18 2001 17 2002 8

13 D. MAJOR MAINTENANCE Major maintenance projects performed during FY2002 are described in this Section. Much maintenance was performed to continue the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the MIT Research Reactor, and to complete conversion of the basement medical room epithermal neutron beam into a thermal beam facility for advanced BNCT drug studies, and certain types of BNCT human clinical trials.

The repair and maintenance of machinery and computer control and monitoring software and hardware for neutron transmutation doping of silicon (NTD Si) also required much continued support. This machinery, installed in two of the reactor through-ports, includes two twenty-foot tubes for each port, rotating and pushing mechanisms, billet handling and storage conveyors, electronics, and associated microprocessor-based controllers and computer tracking systems. It was constantly operating whenever the reactor was at power throughout this fiscal year.

Major maintenance items performed in FY2002 were as follows:

1) Shim blade #1 and #6 magnets were replaced as a preventive maintenance measure. Their drive mechanisms were also rebuilt during the magnet change-out operation.

2) Five prototype shim blade magnets were designed and fabricated to improve water-tightness and electromagnetic performance. Two prototype proximity switch tubes were designed and fabricated, also to improve water-tightness and reliability.

3) Twelve titanium rabbits were designed and fabricated for long-term irradiations in the reactor's two-inch pneumatic tube facility. Titanium was selected after tests of various low cross-section metals for the design.

4) Shielding design for two existing one-inch pneumatic tube facilities (1PH2 and 1PH4 in the primary chemistry room) was modified to allow handling of higher level activities. Fabrication began in FY2002 and is ongoing. This work will accommodate increased volume of neutron activation analysis work at the reactor.

5) Replacement and testing of all cabling, underground electrodes, controls, and instrumentation for the reactor containment's cathodic protection system were completed.

6) The back engineering lab garage door's weather guard was completely replaced to improve dust control in the lab.

7) The reactor's radiochemistry hot laboratory was refurbished to improve cleanliness, maintainability, and lighting. The main blower was replaced to improve air flow through the three laboratory hoods. The aging blower for the lab's automatic transfer pneumatic tube was also replaced.

14

8) Service and cleaning was performed on all water cascade honeycombs in the reactor cooling towers.

9) The left and right sides of the control room SCAM panel were replaced with new annunciator panels. The new panels were funded by the DOE as part of an integral plan to replace the control room SCAM panel that was aging, lacking available replacement parts, and had no capacity for expansion.

10) Secondary system water monitor valves and piping were replaced, as were flow switches and water monitor filter assemblies, for improved circulation, filtration, and ease of routine service.

11) The two waste tank high level alarm probes were serviced and tested. These probes are not routinely accessed.

12) New instrumentation racks were fabricated to allow installation of the new nuclear safety channels in the control room console panels. These safety system chassis were manufactured by GammaMetrics and funded by DOE as part of a plan to upgrade control room instrumentation.

13) A new and special Pb and Ricorad shielding combination was build to provide additional shielding around the water monitor detectors to minimize radiation interference with the system during operation of the fission converter facility.

14) All reactor catwalk and reactor top handrails were covered with Plexiglas panels to reduce drop hazards and to improve personnel safety.

15) The primary chemistry room hood was completely refurbished, including new blower, filter, beta shield panel, and lighting, to accommodate higher radioactivity work.

16) The 6TH1 rotating tube for the NTD Silicon facility was replaced in its entirety.

This major effort was required when the previous tube failed after eight years of mostly continuous operation.

17) The water trap at the base of the D2 0 reflector helium cover gas piping was replaced in its entirety.

18) All battery-powered emergency lights inside the reactor's containment building were replaced as preventive measures. All these units had been in place for more than five years and had shown signs of aging. Additional units were also added in new strategic locations in the equipment room and at doorways.

19) Stack blower #1 and stack blower #2 were replaced with oil-less units. All associated tubing was replaced due to aging.

15

20) Asbestos floor tiling was removed outside the main airlock and at the entry to the physics laboratory, and new tiles were installed.

21) Major pressure gages in all main reactor coolant systems were replaced as preventive maintenance. Pressure snubbers to reduce "chattering" in MP-6 and MP-6A pressure gages were also replaced, tested and calibrated as per approved procedures.

22) Reactor floor Hot Cell ventilation flow and air-tightness was improved in preparation for use for new experiments. Hot Cell #1 was also thoroughly decontaminated both before and after the use for in-core loop experiments.

23) A heavy-duty hard rubber guard was fabricated and installed around the reactor floor D2 0 piping to protect it against the traffic of medical clinical trial activities.

24) A new N-16 detector was installed at a new location (equipment room primary piping) to replace a similar unit that was damaged during fission converter facility installation.

25) A new elevated concrete pad was installed in the reactor back yard to accommodate storage of heavy items. The previous pad had been demolished for installation under the yard of steam piping from the MIT Cogeneration Facility for space heating.

26) A majority of the old unused cables inside the control room console were removed and disposed, to make room for better cooling air circulation and installation of cables for new equipment.

27) A new key switch was installed to control operation of the truck lock inner door.

28) A new air compressor was installed and piped in to the reactor's main compressed air supply. Compressor CM-2 in the utility room returned to its previous function as a backup in this fiscal year.

29) The core purge blower fan belt and the D2 0 helium recombiner blower fan belt were replaced. The fan belt for the primary chemistry room hood blower was also replaced.

30) The primary coolant cleanup system and spent fuel pool cleanup system ion columns and filters were replaced. All core purge system filters were replaced.

Primary and D2 0 storage tank blow-out patches were also replaced.

Many other routine maintenance and preventive maintenance items were scheduled and completed throughout the fiscal year. Major effort was also made towards physical security improvements at the facility.

16 E. SECTION 50.59 CHANGES, TESTS, AND EXPERIMENTS This section contains a description of each change to the facility or procedures and of the conduct of tests and experiments carried out under the conditions of Section 50.59 of 10 CFR 50, together with a summary of the safety evaluation in each case.

The review and approval of changes in the facility and in the procedures as described in the SAR are documented in the MITR records by means of "Safety Review Forms." These have been paraphrased for this report and are identified on the following pages for ready reference if further information should be required with regard to any item. Pertinent pages in the SAR have been or are being revised to reflect these changes, and they either have or will be forwarded to the Document Control Desk, USNRC.

The conduct of tests and experiments on the reactor are normally documented in the experiments and irradiation files. For experiments carried out under the provisions of 10 CFR 50.59, the review and approval is documented by means of the Safety Review Form. All other experiments have been done in accordance with the descriptions provided in Section 10 of the SAR, "Experimental Facilities."

17 Experiments Related to Neutron Capture Therapy SR#0-89-4 (01/23/89), #0-89-8 (03/01/89), #0-91-7 (05/06/91), #0-91-17 (03/06/92),

1. 0-92-3 (03/06/92), #0-92-4 (03/02/92), #M-92-2 (05/14/92), #0-93-5 (05/28/93),

1. 0-93-9 (07/13/93), #0-93-20 (11/30/93), #0-94-19 (12/02/94), #0-96-5 (05/03/96),

1. 0-97-2 (02/18/97), #0-97-11 (08/14/97), #0-97-13 (09/23/97), #0-97-14 (10/03/97),

1. M-98-1 (01/30/98), #0-98-5 (06/24/99) #0-99-7 (02/02/00), #M-00-1 (03/29/00),

1. 0-00-7 (07/28/00), #0-01-1 (02/16/01), #M-01-1 (03/28/01), #0-01-8 (Pending NRC approval), #0-02-1 (10/22/02) #0-02-2 (02/01/02)

In conjunction with the Tufts - New England Medical Center (NEMC) and with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, MIT has designed an epithermal neutron beam for the treatment of brain cancer (glioblastoma). Thermal beams have been used successfully for this treatment in Japan. The reason for designing an epithermal beam is to allow tumor treatment without having to subject the patient to surgery involving removal of a portion of the skull. Also, an epithermal beam gives greater penetration. In October 1991, MIT hosted an international workshop for the purpose of reviewing proposed beam designs and dosimetry. Subsequent to the receipt of advice from the workshop panel members, a final design was selected for the epithermal filter for the MIT Research Reactor's Medical Therapy Facility beam.

Approvals of the protocol for the conduct of patient trials were received from all requisite MIT and NEMC Committees as well as from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Also, a license amendment and quality management plan for use of the MIT Research Reactor's Medical Therapy Facility was issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission as License Amendment No. 27 on February 16, 1993.

Subsequent to the receipt of that license amendment and a similar one in August 1993 for our medical partner, the Tufts - New England Medical Center, procedures for performing BNCT and a preoperational test package were prepared.

The latter was completed during FY94.

Patient trials were initiated in September 1994 as part of a Phase I effort that is required by the FDA. In December 1994, changes were issued to certain of the procedures that had been prepared for conduct of the irradiations. These changes were intended to reduce the signature burden on senior personnel during the trials so that their full attention could be given to the human subject.

Three subjects were irradiated in FY95. One more was done in FY96 in conjunction with NEMC. A change of medical partners then occurred, after which a second irradiation was done in FY96. The new program was a joint effort between MIT and the New England Deaconess Hospital (NEDH), which was affiliated with the Harvard Medical School. This change necessitated an amendment to the NEDH's license for radioactive materials and their use, as well as to the various internal approvals. Subsequent to receipt of these licenses/approvals, the Phase I trial for melanoma was continued. Also, a separate Phase I protocol for glioblastoma multiforme was approved. Patient trials under that protocol were initiated in July

18 1996. In FY97, New England Deaconess Hospital merged with the Beth Israel Hospital. The resulting organization is Beth Israel - Deaconess Medical Center, which is now also a major teaching hospital for the Harvard Medical School. Under the new partnership, a total of twenty-two human subjects were irradiated through April 1999 up to a dose level of 1420 RBE-cGy.

Technical Specification #6.5, "Generation of Medical Therapy Facility Beam for Human Therapy," and its associated BNCT Quality Management Program were updated in FY97. The change was purely administrative in nature. No substantive changes of any type resulted. The language update in the two documents was to reflect transition from NRC regulation to State regulation of medical use licensees, and thereby to prevent any possible subsequent disruption of the ongoing BNCT research program due to such administrative shift. The change allows MIT to conduct BNCT on human subjects from both NRC and Agreement State (the Commonwealth of Massachusetts) medical use licensees whose licenses contain BNCT-specific conditions and commitments for BNCT clinical trials on human subjects conducted at the MIT reactor. The change was approved by the NRC on April 3, 1997.

On October 3, 1997, a Safety Evaluation Report and associated Technical Specifications were submitted to NRC for the design and construction of a new Medical Therapy Facility utilizing a Fission Converter. Approval for operation of the new facility was received in December 1999. Fuel was loaded into the facility in April 2000 and startup testing was completed by August 2000. This new facility provides MIT with the best epithermal neutron beam for BNCT in the world. Approval to use this beam for patient irradiations was received from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission on April 2, 2001. Clinical trials of BNCT for both deep-seated melanoma and glioblastoma that use the new beam are scheduled to begin by fall of 2002 under the auspices of the National Institutes of Health.

19 Fission Converter SR#0-97-14 (10/03/97), #M-98-1 (01/30/98), #0-98-5 (06/24/99), #0-99-7 (02/02/00),

1. M-00-1 (03/29/00), #0-00-7 (07/28/00), #0-01-1 (02/16/01), #M-01-1 (03/28/01),

1. 0-01-8 (Pending NRC Approval), #0-02-1 (10/22/02), #0-02-2 (02/01/02)

The safety evaluation report and technical specifications for the fission converter were submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission on October 3, 1997. Approval was received on 21 December 1999. A startup report was submitted on 1 September 2000. Requests for minor changes to some of the test and calibrations of the associated process systems are currently being reviewed by NRC.

In-Core Irradiation of Fissile Materials SR#0-01-1 1, #0-01-12, #0-02-8 (Pending)

Technical Specifications for fueled experiments were submitted to the U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission on August 22, 2002. Approval is expected by early 2003. A safety evaluation report has been prepared for the first such experiment. It is currently being reviewed by the M1TR Staff.

20 F. ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS Environmental monitoring is performed using continuous radiation monitors and dosimetry devices. The radiation monitoring system consists of G-M detectors and associated electronics at each remote site with data transmitted continuously to the Reactor Radiation Protection Office and recorded on strip chart recorders. The remote sites are located within a quarter mile radius of the facility. The detectable radiation levels per sector, due primarily to Ar-41, are presented below. Units located at east and south sector were inoperable periodically during the reporting period due to site renovations. These values are adjusted for the period(s) the sites were not operational.

Site Exposure (07/01/01 - 06/30/02)

North 0.21 mrem East 0.19 mrem South 0.54 mrem West 0.37 mrem Green (east) 0.27 mrem Fiscal Year Averages 2002 0.3 mrem 2001 0.4 mrem 2000 0.2 mrem 1999 0.2 mrem 1998 0.4 mrem 1997 0.2 mrem

21 G. RADIATION EXPOSURE AND SURVEYS WITHIN THE FACILITY A summary of radiation exposures received by facility personnel and experimenters is given below:

July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2002 Whole Body Exposure Range (reins) Number of Personnel No measurable ......................................................... 82 Measurable - <0.1 . ......................................................... 32 0.1 - 0.25 .......................................................................................... 15 0.25 - 0.5 .......................................................................................... 8 0.5 - 0.75 .......................................................................................... 0 0.75 - 1.00 .................................................... 1 1.00 - 1.25 .......................................................................................... 2 Total Person Rem = 9.44 Total Number of Personnel = 140 From July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002, the Reactor Radiation Protection Office provided radiation protection services for the facility which included power and non-power operational surveillance (performed on daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and other frequencies as required), maintenance activities, and experimental project support. Specific examples of these activities included, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Collection and analysis of air samples taken within the containment building and in the exhaust/ventilation systems.

2. Collection and analysis of water samples taken from the secondary, D2 0, primary, shield coolant, liquid waste, and experimental systems, and fuel storage pool.

3. Performance of radiation and contamination surveys, radioactive waste collection and shipping, calibration of area radiation monitors, calibration of effluent and process radiation monitors, calibration of radiation protection/survey instrumentation, and establishing/posting radiological control areas.

4. Provision of radiation protection services during fuel movements, in-core experiments, sample irradiations, beam port use, ion column removal, and fission converter beam installation and testing, etc.

The results of all surveys and surveillances conducted have been within the guidelines established for the facility.

22 H. RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS This section summarizes the nature and amount of liquid, gaseous, and solid radioactive wastes released or discharged from the facility.

1. Liquid Waste Liquid radioactive wastes generated at the facility are discharged only to the sanitary sewer serving the facility. The possible sources of such wastes during the year include cooling tower blowdown, the liquid waste storage tanks, and various sinks.

All of the liquid volumes are measured, by far the largest being the 28,770,146 liters discharged during FY2002 from the cooling towers. (Other large quantities of non-radioactive waste water are discharged to the sanitary sewer system by other parts of MIT, but no credit for such dilution is taken because the volume is not routinely measured.)

Total activity less tritium in the liquid effluents (cooling tower blowdown, waste storage tank discharges, and engineering lab sink discharges) amounted to 2.31 E-5 Ci for FY2002. The total tritium was 2.64 E-1 Ci. The total effluent water volume was 28,797,873 liters, giving an average tritium concentration of 9.17 E-6 ACi/ml.

The above liquid waste discharges are provided on a monthly basis in the following Table H-3.

All releases were in accordance with Technical Specification 3.8-1, including Part 20, Title 20, Code of Federal Regulations. All activities were substantially below the limits specified in 10 CFR 20.2003. Nevertheless, the monthly tritium releases are reported in Table H-3.

2. Gaseous Waste Gaseous radioactivity is discharged to the atmosphere from the containment building exhaust stack. All gaseous releases likewise were in accordance with the Technical Specifications and 10 CFR 20.1302, and all nuclides were substantially below the limits after the authorized dilution factor of 3000 with the exception of Ar-41, which is reported in the following Table H-i. The 1,110.74 Ci of Ar-41 was released at an average concentration of 2.91 E-9 pCi/ml. This represents 29.1% of EC (Effluent Concentration (lx 10-8 pCi/ml)).

3. Solid Waste No shipments of solid waste were made during the year. The information pertaining to these shipments is provided in Table H-2.

23 TABLE H-1 ARGON-41 STACK RELEASES FISCAL YEAR 2002 Ar-41 Average Discharged Concentration(l)

(Curies) (ItCi/ml)

July 2001 57.49 1.99 E-9 August 87.46 2.42 E-9 September 75.72 2.62 E-9 October 56.29 1.95 E-9 November 244.63 6.77 E-9 December 29.17 1.01 E-9 January 2002 47.16 1.63 E-9 February 95.62 3.31 E-9 March 123.03 3.40 E-9 April 94.53 3.27 E-9 May 49.71 1.38 E-9 June 149.93 5.19 E-9 Totals (12 Months) 1,110.74 2.91 E-9 EC (Table II, Column I) ] x 10-8

% EC 29.1%

(Note: Average concentrations do not vary linearly with curies discharged because of differing monthly dilution volumes.)

24 TABLE H-2

SUMMARY

OF MITR-ll RADIOACTIVE SOLID WASTE SHIPMENTS FISCAL YEAR 2002 Description Shipment 1 Volume 0 ft 3 Weight 0 lbs. (0 kg)

Activity(l) 0 Ci (O MBq)

Date of shipment N/A Disposition to licensee for burial N/A Waste broker N/A No shipments of solid radioactive waste were made for Fiscal Year 2002.

Notes: (1) Radioactive waste includes dry active waste comprised of contaminated and/or irradiated items and dewatered resin. The principal radionuclides are activation and fission products such as 60 Co, 58 Co, 5ICr, 65 Zn, 187 W, 125 Sb, 95 Zr, 9 5 Nb, 3 H, 46Sc, 103 Ru, 137 Cs, 55 Fe, 63 Ni, 1291, 9 9 Tc, 14C, IlOmAg, 5 4 Mn, 144Ce and 14 1Ce.

25 TABLE H-3 LIQUID EFFLUENT DISCHARGES FISCAL YEAR 2002 Total Total Volume Average Activity Tritium of Effluent Tritium Less Tritium Activity Water(l) Concentration (x10-6 Ci) (mCi) (x10 4 liters) (x1O- 6 gCi/ml)

July 2001 3.66 9.21 199.5 4.62 Aug. 1.54 9.41 190.2 4.95 Sept. NDA 37.1 381.9 9.71 Oct. NDA 2.02 229.9 8.79 Nov. 8.73 8.52 92.4 9.22 Dec. NDA 0.327 270.8 0.121 Jan.2002 13.0 4.10 27.9 14.7 Feb. 4.90 3.20 136.0 2.35 Mar. NDA 162 824.8 19.6 Apr. NDA 5.63 404.6 1.39 May NDA 21.9 40.7 53.8 June NDA 1.11 81.1 1.37 12 months 31.83 264.53 28,797,873 9.19 (1) Volume of effluent from cooling towers, waste tanks, and NW12-139 Engineering Lab sink. Does not include other diluent from MIT estimated at 2.7 million gallons/day.

(2) No Detectable Activity (NDA); less than 1.26x10-6 pCi/ml beta for each sample.

(3) Figure reflects absence of diluent because of cooling tower shutdown.

26 I.

SUMMARY

OF USE OF MEDICAL FACILITY FOR HUMAN THERAPY The use of the medical therapy facility for human therapy is summarized here pursuant to Technical Specification No. 7.13.5(i).

1. Investigative Studies During FY2002, the major BNCT effort was on the continuation of Phase I trials for glioblastoma as well as final completion and pre-operational tests of the Fission Converter Facility for future clinical trials. Phase I studies are required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of these studies is to investigate the toxicity (or lack thereof) of a proposed therapy. No benefit is expected to those participating in these studies. Three Phase I trials have been performed. Each is summarized in the following.

a) Original Phase I Melanoma Study with Tufts New England Medical Center (NEMC)

This study began in September 1994. The approach used for this protocol implementation was for the subject to be given an oral test dose (400 mg/kg) of the boron-containing drug (BPA). Blood and punch biopsy samples were then taken in order to determine the biodistribution of the boron in both healthy tissue and tumor over time. This was necessary because the uptake of boron in tumor varies markedly from one person to another. The irradiations themselves were done in four fractions.

For each, the subject was orally given 400 mg/kg of BPA and a limited number of blood/biopsy samples were taken to confirm the previously measured uptake curve.

The starting point in the Phase I protocol was a total dose to healthy tissue of 1000 RBE-cGy. After the third subject, this was increased to 1250 RBE-cGy. Four subjects participated during 1994 and 1995, and a summary of their responses was given in our annual reports for FY95 and FY96.

This Phase I protocol was continued under the sponsorship of the Beth Israel -

Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC).

b) Phase I Melanoma Study with New England Deaconess Hospital (NEDH)

The protocol adopted here was the same as that used for the NEMC study except that: (i) the boronated drug (BPA) was introduced intravenously (IV) and the total dose 1250 RBE-cGy was delivered in one fraction. The use of IV BPA greatly increases boron uptake and hence dose to tumor. One subject was irradiated under this protocol, as summarized in the annual report for FY96.

NEDH became part of BIDMC in FY97.

27 c) Phase I Glioblastoma Study with Beth Israel - Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)

This protocol is similar to the NEDH melanoma study in that it uses IV BPA.

The total dose is delivered in multiple fractions via calculated, intersecting beam paths. Eight subjects participated in FY97, six in FY98, and eight in FY99 as summarized in our annual reports for those years. During this reporting period, no subjects were irradiated.

2. Human Therapy None.

3. Status of Clinical Trials The Phase I glioblastoma and melanoma trials with BIDMC have been closed because they used the original epithermal beam in the basement medical therapy room.

A new beam that is superior in both flux and quality is now available from the Fission Converter Facility and new Phase I / Phase II trials (melanoma and glioblastoma) are now being planned for use with that beam.