ML092870685
| ML092870685 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Indian Point  |
| Issue date: | 10/26/2004 |
| From: | Brode R, Cimorelli A, Richard Lee, Paine R, Perry S, Peters W, Venkatram A, Jenny Weil, Wilson R ENSR International, MACTEC Development Corp, Univ of California, Univ of Colorado, Environmental Protection Agency |
| To: | Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| SECY RAS | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML092870100 | List: |
| References | |
| 50-247-LR, 50-286-LR | |
| Download: ML092870685 (4) | |
Text
Indian Point Nuclear Generatina Units 2 and 3 Docket Nos. 50-247/ 50-286-LR NRC Staff's Response in Opposition to State of New York's Motion for Partial Summary Disposition of NYS Contention 16116A Exhibit R
l O t l l < V A l Of- AI'I'I I t - 1 ) b l k I I - O R 0 1 O < i Y AERMOD: A Dispersion Model for Industrial Soi~rceApplications.
Part 11: Model Performance against 17 Field Study Databases (Milnuscript rcccivctl 21 Jnnuory 20IW. i n f11\;11 ~ L I ~ I?h T ~C)~foh~:l.
2004)
AAS I'HA('1
'l'he perl'orrni~nceol' the Americiiti Melec,rolo!:ic;rl So~.iet! ( AMS) ;ind 1J.S.knvi~.onmenli~l I'rolec~ion Acency (F,i'A) I<rqul;llory Model (AEl<MOl)) Improvenien~('ommilree's ilpplied 1111 d~>persior~ model
- ~p;~insl 17 field study d;ili~hnaesis deaci,ibrd. AF.RMOI) i> ;I slei~dv-slateplume model ~ l t hhi!!nllic'~nl improbemen~sover commonly applied ~ C ~ L I I I I ~iiodels. I O ~ ~ [ ' h e d
- rliib;l<e*are chi~~-i~cler.i~cd. i~ndIhe per-lorm;ince rlieilsul.es i ~ r ede>cr~hecl.En1ph;rsis is pli~ceclon al:iLislics l h i l l demonslr;~leIlir model's i~h~l~ties to I-eproduce [lie upper end ol tlie ~,oncent~.itlion disr~.il>~~lion. 'l'liis i b mosl impol.lirnl I'or ;lpplied rekl,~ll;~lory ni{~delln><. I'lie field Iiie:isuremelil\ ii1.e cli;~ri~cleri~edI>! lli~tirncT complex l e r r i ~ i n ,u~~h;r~i;IIILI 1ur;11 condl-tions. ilntl cli.v;~tctlnncl sur.f;lcc ~elcnscswith nntl witlic,ut b ~ ~ i l c lwakc i ~ l ~ ~:ffcctb.As is ind~cntcdb!. cotii-piirisons r)f nlcldclctl ant1 ohscl.vcd coliccntralio~itlistributionb. wttll few cxcr:ptio~isACRMC)L)'s pcrfo~-
miuicc is supcrir~rto that clt'rtic olllcr ilpl~lied~iic)dcIsICSICCI. T h i is the second of two n~.ticlcs.w i t h 111' first clcscribirig ~ h cr11c)dcl t'orrr~ula~io~is.
plume nioclcl aimed a1 sliorl-ri~ngc[ u p t o 5 0 k m ) clis-pcrsion from stalionary induslrii~l-typc sou~~ccs-llic In lO9I, t l ~ rI!.S. E ~ r v i s n n r r ~ e ~ ~I'~.ntcctio~l tirl Agrrlcy salrle s c e ~ ~ a r i tllat o s are c u r ~ , e l ~ tIl ~y a r ~ d l ehyd tile EI'A'4 (FI'A) irl corljuncriorl with tlie A ~ r l e r i c a ~Meteo1.o- l I n d u s t r i a l S o u r c e C ' o m p l c x SIio1.t-Term nioiicl lop,ical Society (AiVlS) fornled t h e A M S a n d F.I'A (IS('S'1'3) (I.i.S. F , ~ l v i ~ . o n ~ n e r l tI't,otectior~
aI Ap,el~c!,
I<egulatosy Moclel (AF,I<MOl)) I r r l p ~ ~ o v e r l ~ e(:orl~- nt 1 OM).'l'lle rrletGorological ccinclitions are assurrled to he
~nitter:( A t l < M I C ) with the expressed purpose of in- stei~tlvduritip the ~ n o i l e l i ~ lperiocl g (typically 1 ti) arlcl u t t h e current understanclir~gof the planetary I101.i7011tallyhorrlo~erieous.Vt..~.ticalva~,iatiorlsi r ~ the c o ~ . p o ~ .ing I ~ o u ~ ~ d layo1a ~ . y (PHI,) illto a state-of-the-art appliecl I'f31.. however. art: incorporirted illto the t l ~ o d ~ l pre- 's tlispcrsion model. A E R M O D .
diclions. For I'l(.)w in complcx tcl.sain A E R M O D incor-AEKh.ll(:"s w o r k clcasly has bcnefitcd from the
~ O I I ~the ~ Sconcept of ;I iiivicli~igs t ~ e i ~ ~ ~ (Snyder l l i ~ l e ct
~ r ~ o d dcvclopmcnl cl activilics worldwide c.)vcr tlic past al. 1985). T h e modcl consiclcrs thc inl'lue~~ce of btrilcling few ilccailes, especially in tlic par;imcleriznlic,n of m e a n
\\1;1kcs o n plulnc rise il~ldclispc~.sio~i t~sin? the algo-wincls iind P B L Lurbulcnct\. dispersion in [lie C B L . (lie l-illims c.)f tlic P l u m e R i w h l o d c l E n I i ; l n c c r n c n ~ s t r c a t m c ~ i t o f plunicltcl-rain i n t c r i i c t i o n s , p l ~ ~ n i c -
( P R I M E ) 111~)dcl(Schulman e l al. 2000). In i ~ r b a narcas.
building intcrnctic.)~~~. and urban dispcl.sion.
A E R M O D accounts fol- the ilispc~.sivc I I ~ I ~ I I 01 I . Cthe A E R M O D (C'irnc.)relli ct iil. 2003) is a stciliiy-st;~tc "convective like" t ) o u ~ l d a r ylayer tllcit fo~,rllsclu~,ing nipllttinre corlditions t>y enhancing the tul,trule~lcero-suiting from urban heat flux ( O k e 1078. 1982).
This paper is the second of two clescritrir~pthe newlv clevelol>ed AEI<MOI) rrlodelinp system. (:ir~~o~.cIli et al.
(2005. hcreirlafte~~ ['art I) ciescl.it>e the rnodrl fol.nlula-
MAY ?(Mi I'EKKY E I' Al.. 605 TABLE1. Description of ficlil stuilics (without builcling wnkc cffccrs).
D;~tnlr;lsc Dcscsiptio~ro f f i ~ > l tstudy l I ' .'
I S \'el-\, flat. rural iNehr;~sk'l):nonh~lo!li~n~ hingle-polnl \ource: 0.4h-m rrleilsr. 44 di~~il hours. SO, \;rrnpIer\ In i~rcs (SO?) o u l to XtX) m: Ih-rn ~iic~corologici~l lo\\'el-(wind, lu~-l>~~lr~?cc. nlid tempcrilt~~re d i l ~ i l ) :H i l r ; ~ ~(105s) l ;rncl Hilupen (1')SO).
k;lnc;riJ (SF,,) I:lrll. r ~ l r i l l( I l l ~ ~ i o ihi;l,lil\
\). h u o ~ ; ~hinple n ~ stmrce: I ; I I I \!ilck rele;lhr (IS7 m ) : ,375 cliltil hour\: St, h;lmpler\ in ; ~ r c h OLII 10 50 klii. 100-111totver (\\ri~i~l. l ~ ~ r b ~ ~ l; IeI ~ ~ Lte~iipcral~~re);
i~c e ~ 1,1u a ~ i c lbloore (lOX4) ;11ic1 Bo\\:lieP I i l l , (lOS3).
I I ~ ~ I I ~ I I Flat.
I url>,lri (Ilidinnn).h i ~ 1 1 I yhuoy;r~lrrclcnsc (84 nr): 170 clatn hou1.s: SF,,.jamplclh 111 arch out to I ? km: l.Jlhan
[SF<,) tower (U4 m): 10-ni suhurhan i~nrlruri11 Ii~wc~s (wind. tllrblllcncc, a n d tcrnllc~.'iture):Murray and lli>a.nc(IOSX).
Klnc;llil (SO,) Flat. rurill (Illinnis). liiylily huo);.illt a i l i ~ l c\nu!-cc; t;~ll >tack ri:le,iac (1x7 ni): 4614 cl;lt;i hours: 30 a.lrnp1cl.s out to 20 km: l(K)-m tvwcr (wincl. turhulslicc. a n d tcliipcrnturc);Liu nntl %loorc(19x4) a ~ i dDownc cr al. (1983).
Lovctt (SO?) IIilly. rur<iI(Ncrv York), higlily buoyant rclcnsc (145 111):12 ~iionitorsout 3 krn: I y r of ~ l a t : ~l;( X ) - ~ i i(\vlncl.
ru~.hulcticc.:inti tcmpcrature); Pnuniicr ct al. (10iJ2).
Baldwin ( S O , ) Fl;lt. rurirl (Illinois):thrcc highly I>unyalit st,icks (1x4 m): 10 fixed scinipl~,rsout to 10 kni: I yr of J,II,I:100-rn (wind and tcmpcrnturc darn): Ilnlinii c i ~ i rC'liang l (1093).
C'lifty C'rcck Morlcrntcly hilly, rural (Inrlinnn): t1il.e~highly tiuoy:lnr stack\ (cnc.11208 m): sin fixcd silml~li:~.s 1,111 lo I5 kln:
(SO,) 1 y1 of data: 60-m tower on rienrby latenu nu. 11.5 m ahvw stack base (wind ancl trmper;lturc clnta).
1 1 i 1 ri e Hilly. r11r:lI(l'e~i~is!~l\~il~iii~): rnul~iplehi$:hly tiuoy;~nlrrlr:rses ( 1 27-1x3 ni): I yr 01' d;lr;l: seven l'ixed \;~rnplerso u t (SO,) to X k111: 10-rn \o\rrr plus su11;rr (wind. (urhulence. and lemperi\ture d;ll:l).
ll1esr\itc(> Hilly. i , ~ ~ r : r(hf;~r!I;~nd):
l hiphlv h u o y : ~ n tsrirck (IS3 m): I I I~.;t.cl \ i ~ m p l e l so u l l o 3 km: I y r oI'd;rli~.I \ \ < > .'*(I-m (SO,) lo\\'ers: IOO-m toner (\vlntl. lurbulence. on11 te~nper,~ture d:~r:l):Sl~rrn;r~tis eL :I]. (11)S7).
' ~ S ty , Alounr;l~no~~s. rural (Nev,tJ;~): ~ ~ i ~ d e l - i ~h~u oe vl !i l.~ i ls~ilck( 0 1 n l ) : 12s I1 01' cI;11;1.SFo \i~~iil~lc~.\ OLII 10 fl hni.
150-111ko\+er(\\,i~icl,~urbuletice:~ticlte~iiprr;l~~~~-e ~ I ~ I L1e~Iie1.\01itle
'IJ: ternpel;r~u~es: i ~ c < ~ i \o~~~icIc~r.
~ > ~ i c lIi('rlh1t)l:1ro
' 1 1 (1985).
tion. while this pirpcr provides an overview of the 1110~1- itidcl~unclcntlyi~pplicdto the developed motlcl code.
el's performance i~gainsl the conccnlration cibscrva- The first fciur building \virkc datab;lses in Tilblc 7- wcrc tions irt 17 field studv dutilbascs. The studies include each subtlivicicd to provide data for both ~nodcliievel-sites with flat ant! co~nplcxterrain. urban and ruriil con- o p n c n t and c v i ~ l u i ~ t i of o ~ ithe F'RIME builcling tiown-ditions. and clcvi~tcdrind S U I ~ ~ I Crclc;~scs C with iind was11 wlgorithms. lIo\vever. ill1 of the datir frunl the without buildi~ipwake effects. The evaluation mcijsllrcs seven building wake diitabascs were uscit in the pcrfo~.-
are focused on those tliat are relevant to regu1atol.y Illance ~.esultsdescribed in this papel..
applications, tliat is, ernl>Iiasis on ability of the model to simulate the upper er~clof the concentration ciistrihu-tinrls. AE~UVLOIIestirnotes have I>eeu co~nparzdwitli 3. Performance nieaswres thost. of otlie~.applied models. irlclucling 1skS.1'3 (I.!.S.
E~lvi~.orlrnzntal Protectio~i Apzricy 1095). the HyI31.icl Altli(>~tgh the 111odc1~vill~ilIi011 e~illlliricdthe 411i1lity I'lu~ne IIispersiorl Modzl (HPIIM) (Harlrla ancl Paint. of tlic predictions relative tu thc model physics. t11c 1989). the liough 'I'errain IIiffusioll Model (Ii'l'lIM) rcsi~ltsreported here arc focused pri~narilyon answer-(Painc and Egan 1987). and Ihc C'o~nplexTerriiin Dis- ing the questions: how well cloes A E l i M O l I ~ ) r e ~ l itlre ct persion Modcl Plus Algc)~.ithmsCor Unstable Situations higl.1-end, g~,ound-levelco~lcentrationsthat are pencr-(C:TDMPLUS) (Perry 1992). ally usecl to assess compliance with air c l u i l l i t v regula-tions: arid is AEIIMOlI's perfnr~na~lce distirljiuisllnhly I~etterthan that of r , t l ~ e ~ opl~lied
. rlloclels for this l>ur-
- 2. Model evaluation field studies pose? '1'0 answer Ilit.se quzstions tlie a~lalysesof the
~noclel's~)el.fo~,tlla~lce ~1tili7e~l ill1 of tllc ~.elevarltilrl>ut O f the 17 datat>ases that were conside~.zd,10 were data tliat are ~ivailablewith eacll dutaset. 'l'lie l~erfor-dcsignecl tu cc.)llcct dala lor overall ~ n o d c lpcrCormunce mirnccs o f ci~rlicrversions oC A E R M O D wcl-c csilln-whcrc building wakes were not ;in issue. while the re- incrl with reductions in thc numhcr of height Icvcls i n maining 7 were specifically focused on buil~linginrllr- tlic mcasurcii profiles of F'RL vilriilblcs (c.9.. \kind. tern-cnccs. Tllc stuiiics arc surn~iiiirizcdill Tirblcs I and 2. ~xri11111'c). fl;lillc (200.3) I'o1111tI1Ilill tllc pcrf(.)r~n;i~ice of h.lill>>of the various sites can he lound in Painc el al. tlic ~ n ~ ) t l icnded el lo ciqraiic ;IS Inorc a n d ~morclevels (1998. 2003). The fi~.slfive ~i;rlirhascslisted in Tahlc I of iii~tawcrt: rcmovcd from Ihc irnalysis. In general. tlic
\vcrc useil during Ilic A G R M O D dcvclopment proccss lnoiicl prcciictions ttlndcll to\vard hi~lict~conccntraticins to iderltify major p~,ot>lerrls witli the inodel algo~.lthrlls a ~ ~ c thus, l. ~)~.ovidecl 1riol.e corlserviltive results when hut gelierally were rlot usccl to set enlpirical parallirters conllx~rzdto the obse~.vedcoticerlt~.atio~ls.
to inll>~'ovcthe ~riodel ~.rsults.An exception is fourld 111 the abserlce of ~noclelfot.~nulatitrn~ I . I , O I . S ;tr~dsto-with the use of tlie I'rairie Gt'ass Experi~neritdata to chastic var,iations, the lnajor ~ ~ a s o for n s deviations be-specifically develop the fasnlulatior~for the luleral dis- tweell lnotlel estilnates ancl oI>servations al,e e1.l.ol.s i l l pel.sic>n para~rleter.'I'lle ~.e~rlainillg fivz clatahases were tlie ~noclzlinputs, arrd the c o ~ ~ c e n t ~ . a tol)se~.votior~s io~l
T h i s servccl t o h i g h l i g h t t h c s c n s i l i ~ i ~ofy clispcrsion l o ~ l ~ i r ~the i r ~hi:$[
p ~>crfo~'~llinn air L I I I ; I I I I ~ \ I I I ~ L I ~ ~111odc!1 I I I ( . I IAI-
~
loci11 n i c t c o r o l o g i c u l b c l i i ~ v i o ra n d t h c g e o m e t r y of t h c I/IIJ\.L.'JIVII.~III., 24A. 3.X7 23'Ji.
b i ~ i l d i n gw i ~ k c sa n d cilvitics. C)verall. t h e model f o u n d I)i('~isLc)t'irro.1). (.., 1). (;. Str1111'11tis.H. I<. (ireen. I< 1, F',IIII'I~-
tino. A. Venk;~tri~m. 1). A. (ionden. 'I'. F. I.<rvert.irncl H. A t h e r c p l . e s e n l a t i v e h i g h - e n d c o n c c n t r i ~ t i o n s(i.e.. RIIC:) F p t n . 1085: EPA conipleu Ierrain model cievelol>rne~lt.FiI'tll w i t h i n ii f a c t o r o f 2 or b e t t e r . A l t h o u g h it s e e m s r a t h e r rnileslone report-1085. IJ.S. Environmenti~l I'rc)~ec\~on o b v i c l ~ i s ,t h e r e s u l t s h c r c s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t tlial s p c c i f i - Al!"icy Ilep. EPA-600/.~-85-OhO.277 pp.
c a t i o n of t l i c c a v i t y c s t c n t a n d p l u m e m a I c r i ; i l l i c i g h l E~lpinccrinpScic:ncc. 1080: Field \~illiil;~tiunof iir~nosplrcr~c tila-a n d s p l ' e n d ( n e a r t h e b u i l d i ~ i g )is c r i t i c a l to a p p r o p r i - p c ~ \ i v ~~nodr*ls l for n;~turi~l gas i:orrlprcssion Etiltlilllh. P ~ c -
p;rred lor the American ( ; > I S Abb~ciillioli l<el>.I'll-17.;. 151 a t e l y s i ~ n u l a t i n pt h e d o w ~ i w n s he f f e c t .
PI'.
A F . I \ M O l ) (l'arl I ) ~.ep~.rl.sents m a n y f o l m u l a t i o ~ iin)- Ciiffo~tl.F. A.. llJfrI: I.lhes of 10111irlemctiorolopicnl ohherv;rrions
~ w o v e l n e n t so v e c~ o n ~ r r l o ~ l al yp p l i e d repula1o1.y n l o d e l s t'o~cstimnl~rlpirtnrnsplicric disper\ion. ,Nric.l Strf.. 2, 1 7 51.
s u c h a s ISC7S'1'3. 111 model-to-~nociel c o n i p a r i s o n s . (;uenther. A . . irnd K. (;. I.amh. IOc)0: Auilohpher~cdispersion in A E 1 I M C ) l l ' s p e ~ . f o ~ , m a r is ~ ccel e a ~ , l ys u p e ~ . i o t~o. t h u t o f tlie Arctic: \\'inter-lime hound,^^,\ lilyel nle:lsurenlenlh.
Hori~ri/.-l.rrr;c,rMi*/eor... 49. 750-300.
ISC'S'1'3. Models s u c h a s HI'IIM i111llC'I'I)Ml'I,IIS p e r - . . clnd E. Allwine, IVSU: Butlding u ' ; I ~ L , tlisllc:~'sior~at nri fol.rn sirnila1.1y to AEKMOI) i n t h e s e l e c t e t l c i r c u n l - Arctic ir~ilustrinl sitc: F ~ c l dtr;lccr i ~ h ~ c ~ ~ ~i~rlct ~ ~plumetio~l\
s t a n c e s f o r w h i c h t h c s e m o d e l s w e r e d e s i g n e d . T h i s is model e ~ i ~ l u i ~ l i o,.\rn~o.\.
ns. EIIIrrorr.. 24:\, 2320-2347.
n o t s u r p r i s i n g b r c a ~ ~ sme a n y of I h c f o r m u l a l i o n s o f I l a r ~ n a .S. R., and R. J. Painc. IOXlJ: Ilyhritl P l u ~ n iD ~ s p c r s i o ~ ~
A E R M O D i t r e b a s e d . to somc e x t e n t , o n e i j r l i c r w o r k Motlcl ( I l P D M ) dc\,elopn~cnt;~ntlc \ ~ , ~ l u n ~ i uJ.r i,-L[)/I/ . :Ate-rrmor.,28, 200 -224.
b y o t h e r s in d e v e l o p i n g t h e s e a n d o t h e r motlcls. . i~niiJ. S. ('Iiilnp. 1007: H y h r ~ dI'lume I)~sperhion hI(1Je1 IHPI)M), improvemen1s ;rnd testing ;II three field a l t r . , \ I -
/ I c ~ k r l o ~ ~ ~ I ~ d , yWe ~ l ot rhli~~. l~~t.hke I n a n y s c i e n t i s t s w h o ~ I I O ,E\ .I I I ' I ~ ~ 27A1 J I ~ . .1401-IS08
~ w o v i d c dc v n l u ; ~ l i o nc l ; ~ t e b a s e sand c o n d u c t e d peer r c - . U. (2. Ep"ri. J Pur-durn. <111dJ. \4';1pl~,r.IOVLJ: l l v r ~ l u i l t ~ ofo r ~
v i e w s ; ~ n d b e t a t e s t ir~gt l ~ r o ~ ~ g h ot huet l ) e ~ , i o do f t h e IS<':l, AERMC)D. < ~ r l <!\L)MS l tIi\pcrs~(,n~ ~ i o d uwith l* oh\i.~-
v;rtions T~.orn f ~ v efield \ ~ ~ e H:~nn;c s. ( ' o n ~ ~ l t i ~ nIlcp.
ts AEIIMOI) c l e v e l o l ~ ~ n z n t'l'his . p a p e r h a s bee11 1.e- 1'O~t)I)ll. I 0 pp.
v i e w e d in ~ I C C O I . ~ Z wit11 I ~ C Ct h e I1.S. E n v i s o n r l l e ~ l t a lP r o - . nrld . YkIO: ('ornpilrihon of AERUOC).
t e c t i o ~ lA p e n c y ' s peel r e v i e w a n d a d ~ n i n i s t r a t i v er e v i e w ISC'.1. nntl A D M S moclcl lpcrfol.n~:~ncc\+ith five, t'icld tlata pr)licies f o ~ a p p ~ . o v t ~f ol r p r e s e r l t a t i o r l a r ~ dp u b l i c a t i o n . scts. Prcpl.i~~ts. A\b'.blA , ~ I I I I I I,l.lc'c,ro~~.
~J/ S;ilt Lclkc (-'~ty.I IT.
h ~ l e n t i o nof t ~ , a c l en a m e s o r c o n l n l e ~ , c i a lp r c > d u c t s d o e s Air arid Waste M;r~~ngcrncnt A s s o c ~ a t ~ n Ir ~14. .
tlilupen. D. A,. IOS1): I'rojecl Prairie ( i r ; ~ s \ .A I'I~IJ jiro!!rirrll i l l n o t c o n s t i t u t e e n d o r s e ~ n e n to r ~ ~ e c o r n n ~ e n c l a t ifor. on ciiI'l~~\ir~n. \'ol. [II. <;eophysicirl Rese;~rc.hI'ilper 9 1 . Air Force
<';~~nht.iJ~!e Kesei~rcli ('enter Rep. AF('l<('- I'Il-$X-21S. 430 PI'.
Irwin. J . S.. I). ( h r r ~ ~ l h e r .I.s . Stocker. and 1. I ' ; ~ l ~ r n i 2003 r ~ , Ap-plis;~tionof AS'I'M I)fiSXY to evi~lu;~te d ~ s p e r s ~ omodel n per-for111;111cr,I I Z ~.I. . E~rviroi~. P I ~ / / I I I20,
. , 4-10.
Bilerentsen. J. 11.. ;~nclR. Bcrkuwicz. l'J8-1: V l o ~ ~ C':~rln tc simuln- Llu. M . K.. nrld (I;. 11. Moore, 19x4: L)i;lpnc~st~c viilidat~onof plumc tiori of p l u n ~ cdispcrsiori in the cc~nvectivcboundary I ; - I ~ ~ L nlodels i l l ;I plains sitc. Elcctric Pw\c:r. Research Inhtitutc A~IIIIJT, f31riri111, 18, 701 71 2. Rep. EA-.3077. R r ~ e a r c hProject IOl(r-9. 4(Nl pp.
H;II-;rd. M. I... IOiX: I'rojrct I'r'ti~.ie ( i r . : ~ ~A. Field I'rok~,r;rm in Melbourne. LV. H.. and .I 'l'i~ylor.Ic104: W i ~ i dtunnel studies ol 1)il'fusion. \!(>Is. 1 and 11. (ieol>h~sic:~l Ilese;~rchP;~peraNo. plume dispersion l'rt)m the I,ee I'o\r.el I'lanr I'okver Stiltion.
SO, Air F13rcc (',irnh~iclgcRess:~rch C'cnter Rep. AFC'RC'- Illcctric Power Rcs~.arclrI n \ t ~ t u t cR L , ~TR-1.;5274. ). 277 pp.
TR-5s-235. 439 pp. h1urr:ry. I). I<.. and N. F . Ho\\,ne. 1088. 11li;ln poivel pli~nlplume H O H ~ I 1.. S . and A. J. Anderson. IO81: An ev;llu;ltion stud\ I'or tlie st~~ciies, Electric l'ower liese:~rch Instrt~rte Ilell, l-,b..54f"S.
Indus~ri;~l Source ('ompleu (IS(') dihper\ion nod el. I-nviron- 1lese:rrch I'rolect 2736- I . 236 pp.
ment;rl 1'1.olection Agency Ofl'ice of Air Q u ; I ~ I II'l;rnnin!! \' ; ~ n d (:)kc. T . R., 1')78: Llo~~rrrlrrr\, LII\,L,~ ('lrr~l~rrc~.~. John \V~lcyc ~ ~S ~( ~cI Il \ .
St'~nd<rrd\Rep. EPA-45014-Sl-(U)2. 52 pp. 372 pp.
How~le.N. I;.. K. .I. I.onder:!i~n. I). I<. MLII-ril!. and H S. Ht>ren- -. 1082: 'I'he energetic hasis of the ~rrhanhei~risl;~nci.C)lrorr .I.
stein. IOX3: Overview. resulla, and conclusion\ for the t.l'Rl Ho\,.:W(jrci~r.S ~ I . .108. . I -24.
I'lunir Model Vi~liJi~tion and T)eveloprnent I'roject: I'lnina I'i~ine. I<. J.. i ~ n dH . A. I ; ~ ; l n .IOS7: l ~ s e r ' s::u~de l o the Ilou~:h sitc. Electric Power Rcscarcli Institute Rep. EA-3074. Pro;- '\'el-I-i~in I)ilfusion Model (11'I'l)M)-Rev 3.20. FNSIl t l l ' l '
eel 1010 - 1 , 2.34 p11. I>oc, 1'1)-535-585. 260 pp.
(.'hil~nhcrs,J . M.. W. S. C'lcvcl;~ncl.B. Kleiner. and J , A. Tukcy. ,RI~ ( ~J' l o n ~ ~ t hcited
( ~ r s .1008: Mi1dr:l cvalu;ltiun rr:sult\ f i ~ rAER-108.3: ( ~ ~ ) n l p d r ic1'1t<1
~ i s c l i s t r ~ l ? ~ ~ t i c( ;)r~r~~s/ .) / ~ i (.\tct//r~~i/.\
,~i/ ,/i~r MOL). E I I \ , ~ ~ ~ ~ I I IProtecti(>n I L ! I I I ; ~ ~Agcncv. lAviiil~it>lco111111c .I[
Llrirrr A~IcI!\'>Is (L~c//Lii00r111or1('>).W a d s w o ~ t hI ~ l t e ~ . n n t i i ~ n ~ l l lirtl~:;~wurw.i:l>n.p~~v/sc~~iim0O I /, J C i r o ~ ~;~nel p D u x h u ~ yP~esh.47 73. irntt ('o,iu~ho~.r. 200.:: AEIIMOI). L ;lle\t l i ~ ~ u ri r~sn ev;~lu- J C'imolelli. A. J.. S. Ci. Pel-I-y.A . Vcr~k;itrn~n. J . C'.Wcil, R . J. P n i ~ ~ e . illion rrsults. I'reprinla, VOflr ,1111111111:W~('I~II,<, :11r iiriil \Vir.rr('
R. B. Wila~rn.R. F. L'c. ; ~ r l c tW. D . Fct~:rs.2003: AERhI(:)D .Mn~rrrgr~~l(~rrr A\.ri1~1ii/io11.Sill1 I ) ~ e g o .( ' A . Air and lVwste Jcscrip~ionof rnoclcl formulntiorr. 1I.S. En\,irnnmcntal PICI- Milnngcrncnt A\socia~i~,n,I 35.
tection Ak1.t.n~~Rep. El'A 4.5llll-03-002d. SS pp. I';~\cl~~ill. F.. 1061. 'l'he estim;ilion ~ >the f tlisprrs~on~ i I ' \ v i n d h o ~ n e
-. : I I I (~- o i ~ u t h o ~2ol)S:
\. Al-IiklOl): A di.;pe.rs~o~lmodel I'or m:~terii~l. Mr~rirr.:\lo,y.. YO, 73-40.
incIu~1r1irlqource i ~ p ~ > l ~ c i ~ lI1>1rt i o ~ iI s; ,(;enera1 ~>i(?clel IOIIIILI- I',runiier. J. 0 . .S. c;. Perry. and 1). I B L I T I ~1002. \ . ("1 I ~ ~ l l ' l . l l S .
lalion ;inel I ? ~ L I I I ~ ~ ; layer I ~ \ c~lii11t1e1cr1/:1tion, .I.,\/I/)/. ,i,!(,~i,or, A tl~sperh~on 111ociet for sourceh 11e:ir c o ~ ~ i ] > ltt~llo!~.~~;~phy, r\
- 44. hS?-hU? 1';rrl 11: I'error!ii:ince c l i i ~ r ; ~ c l e r ~ ~ ~ i,\/I[I/ c s . /\lclvor. 31.
('ox, \V.. ;IIILI .I. .l'ik\,:~rt~ 1000: A st:ltis1ic:11 procedure 101- deter- (iJh-t160.