ML092870685

Exhibit R - Aermod: a Dispersion Model for Industrial Source Applications. Part II: Model Performance Against 17 Field Study Databases

ML092870685
Person / Time
Site:	Indian Point
Issue date:	10/26/2004
From:	Brode R, Cimorelli A, Richard Lee, Paine R, Perry S, Peters W, Venkatram A, Jenny Weil, Wilson R ENSR International, MACTEC Development Corp, Univ of California, Univ of Colorado, Environmental Protection Agency
To:	Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
SECY RAS
Shared Package
ML092870100	List: ML092870115 ML092870154 ML092870206 ML092870215 ML092870265 ML092870274 ML092870289 ML092870335 ML092870361 ML092870433 ML092870444 ML092870586 ML092870592 ML092870631 ML092870640 ML092870644 ML092870672 ML092870677 ML092870678 ML092870679 ML092870685
References
50-247-LR, 50-286-LR
Download: ML092870685 (4)

Text

Indian Point Nuclear Generatina Units 2 and 3 Docket Nos. 50-247/ 50-286-LR NRC Staff's Response in Opposition to State of New York's Motion for Partial Summary Disposition of NYS Contention 16116A Exhibit R

l O t l l < V A l Of- AI'I'I I t - 1 ) b l k I I - O R 0 1 O < i Y AERMOD: A Dispersion Model for Industrial Soi~rceApplications.

Part 11: Model Performance against 17 Field Study Databases (Milnuscript rcccivctl 21 Jnnuory 20IW. i n f11\;11 ~ L I ~ I?h T ~C)~foh~:l.

2004)

AAS I'HA('1

'l'he perl'orrni~nceol' the Americiiti Melec,rolo!:ic;rl So~.iet! ( AMS) ;ind 1J.S.knvi~.onmenli~l I'rolec~ion Acency (F,i'A) I<rqul;llory Model (AEl<MOl)) Improvenien~('ommilree's ilpplied 1111 d~>persior~ model

~p;~insl 17 field study d;ili~hnaesis deaci,ibrd. AF.RMOI) i> ;I slei~dv-slateplume model ~ l t hhi!!nllic'~nl improbemen~sover commonly applied ~ C ~ L I I I I ~iiodels. I O ~ ~ [ ' h e d

rliib;l<e*are chi~~-i~cler.i~cd. i~ndIhe per-lorm;ince rlieilsul.es i ~ r ede>cr~hecl.En1ph;rsis is pli~ceclon al:iLislics l h i l l demonslr;~leIlir model's i~h~l~ties to I-eproduce [lie upper end ol tlie ~,oncent~.itlion disr~.il>~~lion. 'l'liis i b mosl impol.lirnl I'or ;lpplied rekl,~ll;~lory ni{~delln><. I'lie field Iiie:isuremelil\ ii1.e cli;~ri~cleri~edI>! lli~tirncT complex l e r r i ~ i n ,u~~h;r~i;IIILI 1ur;11 condl-tions. ilntl cli.v;~tctlnncl sur.f;lcc ~elcnscswith nntl witlic,ut b ~ ~ i l c lwakc i ~ l ~ ~:ffcctb.As is ind~cntcdb!. cotii-piirisons r)f nlcldclctl ant1 ohscl.vcd coliccntralio~itlistributionb. wttll few cxcr:ptio~isACRMC)L)'s pcrfo~-

miuicc is supcrir~rto that clt'rtic olllcr ilpl~lied~iic)dcIsICSICCI. T h i is the second of two n~.ticlcs.w i t h 111' first clcscribirig ~ h cr11c)dcl t'orrr~ula~io~is.

plume nioclcl aimed a1 sliorl-ri~ngc[ u p t o 5 0 k m ) clis-pcrsion from stalionary induslrii~l-typc sou~~ccs-llic In lO9I, t l ~ rI!.S. E ~ r v i s n n r r ~ e ~ ~I'~.ntcctio~l tirl Agrrlcy salrle s c e ~ ~ a r i tllat o s are c u r ~ , e l ~ tIl ~y a r ~ d l ehyd tile EI'A'4 (FI'A) irl corljuncriorl with tlie A ~ r l e r i c a ~Meteo1.o- l I n d u s t r i a l S o u r c e C ' o m p l c x SIio1.t-Term nioiicl lop,ical Society (AiVlS) fornled t h e A M S a n d F.I'A (IS('S'1'3) (I.i.S. F , ~ l v i ~ . o n ~ n e r l tI't,otectior~

aI Ap,el~c!,

I<egulatosy Moclel (AF,I<MOl)) I r r l p ~ ~ o v e r l ~ e(:orl~- nt 1 OM).'l'lle rrletGorological ccinclitions are assurrled to he

~nitter:( A t l < M I C ) with the expressed purpose of in- stei~tlvduritip the ~ n o i l e l i ~ lperiocl g (typically 1 ti) arlcl u t t h e current understanclir~gof the planetary I101.i7011tallyhorrlo~erieous.Vt..~.ticalva~,iatiorlsi r ~ the c o ~ . p o ~ .ing I ~ o u ~ ~ d layo1a ~ . y (PHI,) illto a state-of-the-art appliecl I'f31.. however. art: incorporirted illto the t l ~ o d ~ l pre- 's tlispcrsion model. A E R M O D .

diclions. For I'l(.)w in complcx tcl.sain A E R M O D incor-AEKh.ll(:"s w o r k clcasly has bcnefitcd from the

~ O I I ~the ~ Sconcept of ;I iiivicli~igs t ~ e i ~ ~ ~ (Snyder l l i ~ l e ct

~ r ~ o d dcvclopmcnl cl activilics worldwide c.)vcr tlic past al. 1985). T h e modcl consiclcrs thc inl'lue~~ce of btrilcling few ilccailes, especially in tlic par;imcleriznlic,n of m e a n

\\1;1kcs o n plulnc rise il~ldclispc~.sio~i t~sin? the algo-wincls iind P B L Lurbulcnct\. dispersion in [lie C B L . (lie l-illims c.)f tlic P l u m e R i w h l o d c l E n I i ; l n c c r n c n ~ s t r c a t m c ~ i t o f plunicltcl-rain i n t c r i i c t i o n s , p l ~ ~ n i c -

( P R I M E ) 111~)dcl(Schulman e l al. 2000). In i ~ r b a narcas.

building intcrnctic.)~~~. and urban dispcl.sion.

A E R M O D accounts fol- the ilispc~.sivc I I ~ I ~ I I 01 I . Cthe A E R M O D (C'irnc.)relli ct iil. 2003) is a stciliiy-st;~tc "convective like" t ) o u ~ l d a r ylayer tllcit fo~,rllsclu~,ing nipllttinre corlditions t>y enhancing the tul,trule~lcero-suiting from urban heat flux ( O k e 1078. 1982).

This paper is the second of two clescritrir~pthe newlv clevelol>ed AEI<MOI) rrlodelinp system. (:ir~~o~.cIli et al.

(2005. hcreirlafte~~ ['art I) ciescl.it>e the rnodrl fol.nlula-

MAY ?(Mi I'EKKY E I' Al.. 605 TABLE1. Description of ficlil stuilics (without builcling wnkc cffccrs).

D;~tnlr;lsc Dcscsiptio~ro f f i ~ > l tstudy l I ' .'

I S \'el-\, flat. rural iNehr;~sk'l):nonh~lo!li~n~ hingle-polnl \ource: 0.4h-m rrleilsr. 44 di~~il hours. SO, \;rrnpIer\ In i~rcs (SO?) o u l to XtX) m: Ih-rn ~iic~corologici~l lo\\'el-(wind, lu~-l>~~lr~?cc. nlid tempcrilt~~re d i l ~ i l ) :H i l r ; ~ ~(105s) l ;rncl Hilupen (1')SO).

k;lnc;riJ (SF,,) I:lrll. r ~ l r i l l( I l l ~ ~ i o ihi;l,lil\

\). h u o ~ ; ~hinple n ~ stmrce: I ; I I I \!ilck rele;lhr (IS7 m ) : ,375 cliltil hour\: St, h;lmpler\ in ; ~ r c h OLII 10 50 klii. 100-111totver (\\ri~i~l. l ~ ~ r b ~ ~ l; IeI ~ ~ Lte~iipcral~~re);

i~c e ~ 1,1u a ~ i c lbloore (lOX4) ;11ic1 Bo\\:lieP I i l l , (lOS3).

I I ~ ~ I I ~ I I Flat.

I url>,lri (Ilidinnn).h i ~ 1 1 I yhuoy;r~lrrclcnsc (84 nr): 170 clatn hou1.s: SF,,.jamplclh 111 arch out to I ? km: l.Jlhan

[SF<,) tower (U4 m): 10-ni suhurhan i~nrlruri11 Ii~wc~s (wind. tllrblllcncc, a n d tcrnllc~.'iture):Murray and lli>a.nc(IOSX).

Klnc;llil (SO,) Flat. rurill (Illinnis). liiylily huo);.illt a i l i ~ l c\nu!-cc; t;~ll >tack ri:le,iac (1x7 ni): 4614 cl;lt;i hours: 30 a.lrnp1cl.s out to 20 km: l(K)-m tvwcr (wincl. turhulslicc. a n d tcliipcrnturc);Liu nntl %loorc(19x4) a ~ i dDownc cr al. (1983).

Lovctt (SO?) IIilly. rur<iI(Ncrv York), higlily buoyant rclcnsc (145 111):12 ~iionitorsout 3 krn: I y r of ~ l a t : ~l;( X ) - ~ i i(\vlncl.

ru~.hulcticc.:inti tcmpcrature); Pnuniicr ct al. (10iJ2).

Baldwin ( S O , ) Fl;lt. rurirl (Illinois):thrcc highly I>unyalit st,icks (1x4 m): 10 fixed scinipl~,rsout to 10 kni: I yr of J,II,I:100-rn (wind and tcmpcrnturc darn): Ilnlinii c i ~ i rC'liang l (1093).

C'lifty C'rcck Morlcrntcly hilly, rural (Inrlinnn): t1il.e~highly tiuoy:lnr stack\ (cnc.11208 m): sin fixcd silml~li:~.s 1,111 lo I5 kln:

(SO,) 1 y1 of data: 60-m tower on rienrby latenu nu. 11.5 m ahvw stack base (wind ancl trmper;lturc clnta).

1 1 i 1 ri e Hilly. r11r:lI(l'e~i~is!~l\~il~iii~): rnul~iplehi$:hly tiuoy;~nlrrlr:rses ( 1 27-1x3 ni): I yr 01' d;lr;l: seven l'ixed \;~rnplerso u t (SO,) to X k111: 10-rn \o\rrr plus su11;rr (wind. (urhulence. and lemperi\ture d;ll:l).

ll1esr\itc(> Hilly. i , ~ ~ r : r(hf;~r!I;~nd):

l hiphlv h u o y : ~ n tsrirck (IS3 m): I I I~.;t.cl \ i ~ m p l e l so u l l o 3 km: I y r oI'd;rli~.I \ \ < > .'*(I-m (SO,) lo\\'ers: IOO-m toner (\vlntl. lurbulence. on11 te~nper,~ture d:~r:l):Sl~rrn;r~tis eL :I]. (11)S7).

' ~ S ty , Alounr;l~no~~s. rural (Nev,tJ;~): ~ ~ i ~ d e l - i ~h~u oe vl !i l.~ i ls~ilck( 0 1 n l ) : 12s I1 01' cI;11;1.SFo \i~~iil~lc~.\ OLII 10 fl hni.

150-111ko\+er(\\,i~icl,~urbuletice:~ticlte~iiprr;l~~~~-e ~ I ~ I L1e~Iie1.\01itle

'IJ: ternpel;r~u~es: i ~ c < ~ i \o~~~icIc~r.

~ > ~ i c lIi('rlh1t)l:1ro

' 1 1 (1985).

tion. while this pirpcr provides an overview of the 1110~1- itidcl~unclcntlyi~pplicdto the developed motlcl code.

el's performance i~gainsl the conccnlration cibscrva- The first fciur building \virkc datab;lses in Tilblc 7- wcrc tions irt 17 field studv dutilbascs. The studies include each subtlivicicd to provide data for both ~nodcliievel-sites with flat ant! co~nplcxterrain. urban and ruriil con- o p n c n t and c v i ~ l u i ~ t i of o ~ ithe F'RIME builcling tiown-ditions. and clcvi~tcdrind S U I ~ ~ I Crclc;~scs C with iind was11 wlgorithms. lIo\vever. ill1 of the datir frunl the without buildi~ipwake effects. The evaluation mcijsllrcs seven building wake diitabascs were uscit in the pcrfo~.-

are focused on those tliat are relevant to regu1atol.y Illance ~.esultsdescribed in this papel..

applications, tliat is, ernl>Iiasis on ability of the model to simulate the upper er~clof the concentration ciistrihu-tinrls. AE~UVLOIIestirnotes have I>eeu co~nparzdwitli 3. Performance nieaswres thost. of otlie~.applied models. irlclucling 1skS.1'3 (I.!.S.

E~lvi~.orlrnzntal Protectio~i Apzricy 1095). the HyI31.icl Altli(>~tgh the 111odc1~vill~ilIi011 e~illlliricdthe 411i1lity I'lu~ne IIispersiorl Modzl (HPIIM) (Harlrla ancl Paint. of tlic predictions relative tu thc model physics. t11c 1989). the liough 'I'errain IIiffusioll Model (Ii'l'lIM) rcsi~ltsreported here arc focused pri~narilyon answer-(Painc and Egan 1987). and Ihc C'o~nplexTerriiin Dis- ing the questions: how well cloes A E l i M O l I ~ ) r e ~ l itlre ct persion Modcl Plus Algc)~.ithmsCor Unstable Situations higl.1-end, g~,ound-levelco~lcentrationsthat are pencr-(C:TDMPLUS) (Perry 1992). ally usecl to assess compliance with air c l u i l l i t v regula-tions: arid is AEIIMOlI's perfnr~na~lce distirljiuisllnhly I~etterthan that of r , t l ~ e ~ opl~lied

. rlloclels for this l>ur-

2. Model evaluation field studies pose? '1'0 answer Ilit.se quzstions tlie a~lalysesof the

~noclel's~)el.fo~,tlla~lce ~1tili7e~l ill1 of tllc ~.elevarltilrl>ut O f the 17 datat>ases that were conside~.zd,10 were data tliat are ~ivailablewith eacll dutaset. 'l'lie l~erfor-dcsignecl tu cc.)llcct dala lor overall ~ n o d c lpcrCormunce mirnccs o f ci~rlicrversions oC A E R M O D wcl-c csilln-whcrc building wakes were not ;in issue. while the re- incrl with reductions in thc numhcr of height Icvcls i n maining 7 were specifically focused on buil~linginrllr- tlic mcasurcii profiles of F'RL vilriilblcs (c.9.. \kind. tern-cnccs. Tllc stuiiics arc surn~iiiirizcdill Tirblcs I and 2. ~xri11111'c). fl;lillc (200.3) I'o1111tI1Ilill tllc pcrf(.)r~n;i~ice of h.lill>>of the various sites can he lound in Painc el al. tlic ~ n ~ ) t l icnded el lo ciqraiic ;IS Inorc a n d ~morclevels (1998. 2003). The fi~.slfive ~i;rlirhascslisted in Tahlc I of iii~tawcrt: rcmovcd from Ihc irnalysis. In general. tlic

\vcrc useil during Ilic A G R M O D dcvclopment proccss lnoiicl prcciictions ttlndcll to\vard hi~lict~conccntraticins to iderltify major p~,ot>lerrls witli the inodel algo~.lthrlls a ~ ~ c thus, l. ~)~.ovidecl 1riol.e corlserviltive results when hut gelierally were rlot usccl to set enlpirical parallirters conllx~rzdto the obse~.vedcoticerlt~.atio~ls.

to inll>~'ovcthe ~riodel ~.rsults.An exception is fourld 111 the abserlce of ~noclelfot.~nulatitrn~ I . I , O I . S ;tr~dsto-with the use of tlie I'rairie Gt'ass Experi~neritdata to chastic var,iations, the lnajor ~ ~ a s o for n s deviations be-specifically develop the fasnlulatior~for the luleral dis- tweell lnotlel estilnates ancl oI>servations al,e e1.l.ol.s i l l pel.sic>n para~rleter.'I'lle ~.e~rlainillg fivz clatahases were tlie ~noclzlinputs, arrd the c o ~ ~ c e n t ~ . a tol)se~.votior~s io~l

T h i s servccl t o h i g h l i g h t t h c s c n s i l i ~ i ~ofy clispcrsion l o ~ l ~ i r ~the i r ~hi:$[

p ~>crfo~'~llinn air L I I I ; I I I I ~ \ I I I ~ L I ~ ~111odc!1 I I I ( . I IAI-

~

loci11 n i c t c o r o l o g i c u l b c l i i ~ v i o ra n d t h c g e o m e t r y of t h c I/IIJ\.L.'JIVII.~III., 24A. 3.X7 23'Ji.

b i ~ i l d i n gw i ~ k c sa n d cilvitics. C)verall. t h e model f o u n d I)i('~isLc)t'irro.1). (.., 1). (;. Str1111'11tis.H. I<. (ireen. I< 1, F',IIII'I~-

tino. A. Venk;~tri~m. 1). A. (ionden. 'I'. F. I.<rvert.irncl H. A t h e r c p l . e s e n l a t i v e h i g h - e n d c o n c c n t r i ~ t i o n s(i.e.. RIIC:) F p t n . 1085: EPA conipleu Ierrain model cievelol>rne~lt.FiI'tll w i t h i n ii f a c t o r o f 2 or b e t t e r . A l t h o u g h it s e e m s r a t h e r rnileslone report-1085. IJ.S. Environmenti~l I'rc)~ec\~on o b v i c l ~ i s ,t h e r e s u l t s h c r c s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t tlial s p c c i f i - Al!"icy Ilep. EPA-600/.~-85-OhO.277 pp.

c a t i o n of t l i c c a v i t y c s t c n t a n d p l u m e m a I c r i ; i l l i c i g h l E~lpinccrinpScic:ncc. 1080: Field \~illiil;~tiunof iir~nosplrcr~c tila-a n d s p l ' e n d ( n e a r t h e b u i l d i ~ i g )is c r i t i c a l to a p p r o p r i - p c ~ \ i v ~~nodr*ls l for n;~turi~l gas i:orrlprcssion Etiltlilllh. P ~ c -

p;rred lor the American ( ; > I S Abb~ciillioli l<el>.I'll-17.;. 151 a t e l y s i ~ n u l a t i n pt h e d o w ~ i w n s he f f e c t .

PI'.

A F . I \ M O l ) (l'arl I ) ~.ep~.rl.sents m a n y f o l m u l a t i o ~ iin)- Ciiffo~tl.F. A.. llJfrI: I.lhes of 10111irlemctiorolopicnl ohherv;rrions

~ w o v e l n e n t so v e c~ o n ~ r r l o ~ l al yp p l i e d repula1o1.y n l o d e l s t'o~cstimnl~rlpirtnrnsplicric disper\ion. ,Nric.l Strf.. 2, 1 7 51.

s u c h a s ISC7S'1'3. 111 model-to-~nociel c o n i p a r i s o n s . (;uenther. A . . irnd K. (;. I.amh. IOc)0: Auilohpher~cdispersion in A E 1 I M C ) l l ' s p e ~ . f o ~ , m a r is ~ ccel e a ~ , l ys u p e ~ . i o t~o. t h u t o f tlie Arctic: \\'inter-lime hound,^^,\ lilyel nle:lsurenlenlh.

Hori~ri/.-l.rrr;c,rMi*/eor... 49. 750-300.

ISC'S'1'3. Models s u c h a s HI'IIM i111llC'I'I)Ml'I,IIS p e r - . . clnd E. Allwine, IVSU: Butlding u ' ; I ~ L , tlisllc:~'sior~at nri fol.rn sirnila1.1y to AEKMOI) i n t h e s e l e c t e t l c i r c u n l - Arctic ir~ilustrinl sitc: F ~ c l dtr;lccr i ~ h ~ c ~ ~ ~i~rlct ~ ~plumetio~l\

s t a n c e s f o r w h i c h t h c s e m o d e l s w e r e d e s i g n e d . T h i s is model e ~ i ~ l u i ~ l i o,.\rn~o.\.

ns. EIIIrrorr.. 24:\, 2320-2347.

n o t s u r p r i s i n g b r c a ~ ~ sme a n y of I h c f o r m u l a l i o n s o f I l a r ~ n a .S. R., and R. J. Painc. IOXlJ: Ilyhritl P l u ~ n iD ~ s p c r s i o ~ ~

A E R M O D i t r e b a s e d . to somc e x t e n t , o n e i j r l i c r w o r k Motlcl ( I l P D M ) dc\,elopn~cnt;~ntlc \ ~ , ~ l u n ~ i uJ.r i,-L[)/I/ . :Ate-rrmor.,28, 200 -224.

b y o t h e r s in d e v e l o p i n g t h e s e a n d o t h e r motlcls. . i~niiJ. S. ('Iiilnp. 1007: H y h r ~ dI'lume I)~sperhion hI(1Je1 IHPI)M), improvemen1s ;rnd testing ;II three field a l t r . , \ I -

/ I c ~ k r l o ~ ~ ~ I ~ d , yWe ~ l ot rhli~~. l~~t.hke I n a n y s c i e n t i s t s w h o ~ I I O ,E\ .I I I ' I ~ ~ 27A1 J I ~ . .1401-IS08

~ w o v i d c dc v n l u ; ~ l i o nc l ; ~ t e b a s e sand c o n d u c t e d peer r c - . U. (2. Ep"ri. J Pur-durn. <111dJ. \4';1pl~,r.IOVLJ: l l v r ~ l u i l t ~ ofo r ~

v i e w s ; ~ n d b e t a t e s t ir~gt l ~ r o ~ ~ g h ot huet l ) e ~ , i o do f t h e IS<':l, AERMC)D. < ~ r l <!\L)MS l tIi\pcrs~(,n~ ~ i o d uwith l* oh\i.~-

v;rtions T~.orn f ~ v efield \ ~ ~ e H:~nn;c s. ( ' o n ~ ~ l t i ~ nIlcp.

ts AEIIMOI) c l e v e l o l ~ ~ n z n t'l'his . p a p e r h a s bee11 1.e- 1'O~t)I)ll. I 0 pp.

v i e w e d in ~ I C C O I . ~ Z wit11 I ~ C Ct h e I1.S. E n v i s o n r l l e ~ l t a lP r o - . nrld . YkIO: ('ornpilrihon of AERUOC).

t e c t i o ~ lA p e n c y ' s peel r e v i e w a n d a d ~ n i n i s t r a t i v er e v i e w ISC'.1. nntl A D M S moclcl lpcrfol.n~:~ncc\+ith five, t'icld tlata pr)licies f o ~ a p p ~ . o v t ~f ol r p r e s e r l t a t i o r l a r ~ dp u b l i c a t i o n . scts. Prcpl.i~~ts. A\b'.blA , ~ I I I I I I,l.lc'c,ro~~.

~J/ S;ilt Lclkc (-'~ty.I IT.

h ~ l e n t i o nof t ~ , a c l en a m e s o r c o n l n l e ~ , c i a lp r c > d u c t s d o e s Air arid Waste M;r~~ngcrncnt A s s o c ~ a t ~ n Ir ~14. .

tlilupen. D. A,. IOS1): I'rojecl Prairie ( i r ; ~ s \ .A I'I~IJ jiro!!rirrll i l l n o t c o n s t i t u t e e n d o r s e ~ n e n to r ~ ~ e c o r n n ~ e n c l a t ifor. on ciiI'l~~\ir~n. \'ol. [II. <;eophysicirl Rese;~rc.hI'ilper 9 1 . Air Force

<';~~nht.iJ~!e Kesei~rcli ('enter Rep. AF('l<('- I'Il-$X-21S. 430 PI'.

Irwin. J . S.. I). ( h r r ~ ~ l h e r .I.s . Stocker. and 1. I ' ; ~ l ~ r n i 2003 r ~ , Ap-plis;~tionof AS'I'M I)fiSXY to evi~lu;~te d ~ s p e r s ~ omodel n per-for111;111cr,I I Z ~.I. . E~rviroi~. P I ~ / / I I I20,

. , 4-10.

Bilerentsen. J. 11.. ;~nclR. Bcrkuwicz. l'J8-1: V l o ~ ~ C':~rln tc simuln- Llu. M . K.. nrld (I;. 11. Moore, 19x4: L)i;lpnc~st~c viilidat~onof plumc tiori of p l u n ~ cdispcrsiori in the cc~nvectivcboundary I ; - I ~ ~ L nlodels i l l ;I plains sitc. Elcctric Pw\c:r. Research Inhtitutc A~IIIIJT, f31riri111, 18, 701 71 2. Rep. EA-.3077. R r ~ e a r c hProject IOl(r-9. 4(Nl pp.

H;II-;rd. M. I... IOiX: I'rojrct I'r'ti~.ie ( i r . : ~ ~A. Field I'rok~,r;rm in Melbourne. LV. H.. and .I 'l'i~ylor.Ic104: W i ~ i dtunnel studies ol 1)il'fusion. \!(>Is. 1 and 11. (ieol>h~sic:~l Ilese;~rchP;~peraNo. plume dispersion l'rt)m the I,ee I'o\r.el I'lanr I'okver Stiltion.

SO, Air F13rcc (',irnh~iclgcRess:~rch C'cnter Rep. AFC'RC'- Illcctric Power Rcs~.arclrI n \ t ~ t u t cR L , ~TR-1.;5274. ). 277 pp.

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stein. IOX3: Overview. resulla, and conclusion\ for the t.l'Rl Ho\,.:W(jrci~r.S ~ I . .108. . I -24.

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