ML19270H923
| ML19270H923 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000574 |
| Issue date: | 11/28/1979 |
| From: | PHILIPPINES |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8001080384 | |
| Download: ML19270H923 (133) | |
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NCY 28 ED
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RF.PUBLIC CF T!ia pur$Ippm
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.Camisnian on nucker.x.R,sactor Plants .
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.. i In Ra* Inquiry on the Safety f- to the Puolic o:i the
( Bacann riucles: Plant Gor ,txec. Order No. 5's9, June 15, 1979)
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- I. ?REFACE -
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II. THE BATAAN NUCLEAR PI. ANT IIA-1 ,
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A. BASIC .9mm INFORMATION IIA-1 .
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- 3. QUESTICN NO. 1 .
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The Thram-Mika Island - IIB-1 Nucisar Incident
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Safeguards Tsknn Against . j Repetition in the Bataan .. . i Nuclear Plant II3-3 . , l . :
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QUESTICH HO. 2 IIC-1
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- b. QUESTICN NO. 3 . . I.ID=1 * ,
- 5. QUESTICN NO. 4 22-1 .
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'F. QUESTION NO. 8 -
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G. , QUESTION NO. 9 .r. IIG-1 l-
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III. *33 SAFETT. W THE. SIT 3 .
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A. BASIC CUESTICNS, ISSUESf -
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PCSITIC3S AND ANTZCZ:3r725 IIIA-1
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.A.l* Basic Cuest.1cns; IIIA-1 .
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Plant . IIIA-2 -
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j A.3 The Issues IIIA-5 .
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S.. THE STAND C"' THI PROPCNINTS .IIIB-1
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3.3 Cn Tsuna=1s -
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C.2 On Volcanism I23C-2 . *
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C.3 On Tsunamis .
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D. THE EVIDENCI PRESISTZD . IIID-1
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D.2 cn Volcanism IIIs-14
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i ' i E. DISCUS 3ICN OF THE EVIDZNCE III2-1 *
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E.4 Tho opinien of the .
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IV. CCNCLUSICN . "
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- 4. The ANSWERS 70 QUESTICNS. .
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Question No. 1 - IVA-1 .
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The subject of the.present inquiry, the .
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Philippine N"cI==r, Pcwer Plant'1p under construction at Napot Point in th'a umfcipality . ; I
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national Projects n' 7 any for the operator. I The National Pcwer Corporation, ne'Ma* the super =
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1 vision of the Philippine Atemic Energy C m 'asics
= .s as the regulatory body concerned under Republie .
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Act No.' 5207 ai amended and other relatod laws., ( . rules
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.d regulations.
Censtruction commenced in 1977.
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While the
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tha Three-Mile Island Nuclear Plant in Harrisburg, . , I .
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Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on March 28, 1979. , t : Cn' the basis of a latter dated May 10, 1979
.sent to,Ex-Senator Loran =o Tadada by Mr. Augusto'.
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Almeds icpes, a Fildpino resident at Harrisburg, .
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Pennsylvania, former Senator Tadada addressed a { letter cated June 14, 1979 to President Ferdinand
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I E. Marcos asking, among others, for the' suspens10: , of the clonstruction of the Bataan nuclear reactor
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. Plant, alleging that the completion and operation
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of the roactor plant w1n. create ,a . grave a=d pre-I . . . . sent danger to the lives of many Filipinos, and ,
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' urging the creation of a c=mf.i;sion to review the ,
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. I advisability of continuing the construction. ' . l
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l In accordance with the suggestion, President i n-
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Ferdinand 3. Marcos issued Executise order No. . . i
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conduct an inquiry en the safety to.the public of , I l all, nuclear plants in the country ecmposed of -f
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I a former senator Lorenzo Ta5ada as Chai man, with .
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- I Asse=bjymen Ricardo C. Puno (now Minister of f Jcstice) as co-chairman, and such.'other members ,
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w' as the President may later appoint. In his lactac , , , i ; to the resident dated June 20, 1979', Tafiada, .
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hcwever, declined the appointment.. On June 22, -
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1979 President Marcos appointed' two retired . b
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justices from the court of Appeals, Justice ,
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Conrado M. Vasques and Justice Jose G. Bautista, , , as s
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t & . took his cath cf office on June 23, 1979, and , , 1 - .
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Joscles'y Bauti.sta v=s sworn into' office on .. .
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June 2d, 1979. The comission thus formed then ~ l ;'
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cha.irman and Justice Vasquez and hustice Dantista , i . . .
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as members .
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In his Let tar of Instructionp No. 376 issued
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. *1.. What specific safeguards, '
iT any, has been taken against repeti- .' , cion in the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant o'f the Three-Mile Island nuclear inci- . . dent which cccurred in Pennsylvania, U'. S .A . , on March 28, 19797
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- 2. Who aru the pect ~.e hho will
- o perate the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
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- s4mirar to % Three-Mile Island inc1-
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.. . w at resourcas, bcch scientific and dustrial,ars available to prevent cbntaminatz on of the surrounding areas ,
and atmosphere as sell 'as the peopl e e r'sidin'g thereat? Wo will finance and ., . pkovi.de facilitics ho prevent cone. m' ns ~ -
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tion and how much wculd it ccut? Who iTL11' pay for the damsges and . costs? ---
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I 4. Are we exchanging wi.th or *
. .aining information on nuclear safe- ,
(n./ rds from other countries, like the Uni. tad States through fts Nuclear Regu-14<.ory Cr - *sion which originally re- -
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cpamended the establishment of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in 19617 What are the maxtmum and minimum apcaptable categuards to prevent n12 clear contamination? .
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- 5. In case there s.iould be an f- . aarthquake similar to tho one that hit .-
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Mindanac In August 1977, which was '. of 7.2 intansity en the Richter scale, v411 the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant - be able to withstand the shock with- . * *
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oSh leak or spillage resulting in - nuclear contamination? Can.it with- ,
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August 19777 ,
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Plant located in a fault in .the "- earth's
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- 8. Where, how, and by whom will-nuclear vasta be disposed of and what
- arm the rink involved in the* disposal
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W.le Island ineMet on March 28, 1979, -
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- '4hy has not Weistinghouse done so up l
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The Ccwainston started th'e,iMry on June 23, .
- 1379akthePhilippineInternationa'lConvention 0 .
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- Cantarg Roxas Boulevard, Metro Man *1=. The parti- .
I c1 pants who entaied regular and. special appea.~ ,
'ancu al t the initial hearings ..in .'their evn behald '
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- Lorenzo TaBada, Atty. Joker A..wie,., Assemblyman Anton;.o Roman, Jr., Mr. James S. Mo' ore, ,Mr. - tJ.
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l ' gerald R. Carroll., Mr. Waltar Wilg3, Mr _ James.,,,,# z
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Bankows.ky, Mr. D.aniel W. Call., Mr.,,,,Raymond
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Realth Minister Clemente S. Gat' mattan, Dr. Segundo I moxasi Energy Minister Ceronimo Velasco, Dr. . Zoilo M. Bartolome, Dr. Carlito Aleta, Mrs. Nora ,- ,
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Fotines, Assemblynan P.oque de Gu= man, Atty. -
- - ' Doming lo Allena, Engr. Angel Lauro, Jr. , Engr- .
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'Andras 51sca, Engr. Francisco,Lf==ta, Engr.
Virg a calmana, Engr. Matias Arreola and Dr.
. . Salvader Roxas Gonzalas. .
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- its =ssolution of June 23, 1979 the -
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en=ra#ssion gave the participants who had entarmd ,
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regul appearances five (5) days from June 23,. -
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1979 within which to submit their respective - n positi'on papers ccntaining the answers to the . I
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que'sti'ons listed in I.e.tter of Instzuctions No. -
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876, s,erving copies thereof to the other part.1-
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- cipants. In turn, the particip4.uts upon whom ,
I ' the pcsition pape=s had been served, were directed
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to film adverse position papers within five (5) .
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days from' receipt, likewise cen*aining their
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- he participa'ats who suhaitted position I
papers were then grouped into paria'is, thus:
- restinghouse Panal 3 -
- Mr. Jamais"r Cronin, I
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.Mr. Walter W11gus .
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t k Mr. James S. Moore i Mr. Cars 1d R. Carrroll ** . l Mr. James C. h'oeber
.4 r. John D. Hankowe)cy
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Mr. Raynond J. Saro .
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Mr. Willian Mcward A.wid, - Mr. Aurs A. Si==cns .
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Mr. David Yorg .<-
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- Rational Power Corporation. Panel:
- Mr. Gabriel Itchen ..
j . Atty. Marcelino 'Ilmo ", - *
- Mr. Elgino Ibarra -
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- Mr. Jose Torres ,
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l Philippine Atoatic Energy 'C'c=idissicn Panel:
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- Dr.* oilo Bartolome
- Dr. Carlito Alata
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Atty. Gumersindo Maniquiz
- Kr. 3:nesto Medis Mr. Ed11berto Cabalfin' ;
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- Dr. Charles Willis' f '
' Comruission on Volcanology panel: .
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- Dr. Pcuneo Luis
' Mr. Cscar Crispin-
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Ministry of Health Panels
- Former Minister Clementa Ca**attan
; Dra. Celia T. Anatalic Miss Agnetto Peralta
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"23ASC08 Panel: .
Mr. Nor=an Tilford . .
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Mr. James G11more - Mr. Charles Healy **
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- Mr. O*Donell iis Mr. John Holly -
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.- Mr. Indra Gupta *
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- Mr. Garry Stirewalt " , ,_
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. " PAG-ASA* Panel ,. ,
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Mr. Teodoro Macalineag . Mr. Rolari.o valenzuela .
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TJdiada Panal:
- Atty. Lorenzo TaHada ,
Atty. Joker Arroyo *
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Acty. Francisco Rodrigo' Mr. Achilles del callar *
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Mr. Carlito Barril ,
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'~ 3ataan I3P Chapter Paneli ' Atty. Jai:na Guerrero ..
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- Atty. Wilfredo Di=ca , ,
- Nftional Society for'snf E logy
- and Earthquake Engineering of. -
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- NS*m"). Panel: -
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Engr. Angel Lazaro, Jr. Engr. Andram Ht=en .:
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- Sc:sahang Pinika ng Pilihinaa. Panel:
Dr. Saivador Roxas Gonzales t
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While the office of the .Nartfonal Science
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Developsnent Board did not suh=rit any position - I paper,IAtty. Lilian Angeles and'Mr. Marcial
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t ' Segundo V. Roxas, Officer-in-Charge, acd.vely participated in behalf of NSDR ~ '
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June 23, 1379. The. hearings G ~=f.ed on se p
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ember 14, 1979. .
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F.1xty-four (64) witnesses testified befora the c i ission, namely Jose C. Torres, James Moore, Raymond Sero, Gerard ' Carroll, Walter W11gus, D= a 41 call, Will4a= Howard Jb:..old, Alfredo Orquia,
- James Noeber, Tomas Dilig, ' Antonio Cald= bas, Charles ,
- I smaney', David Ferg, 31gino Ibarra, .::oilo Barto1 cme, -
l . - Fr. Romeo Mangatan, Conrado Lisanen, Aura Siwnn, , i Nor: nan Tilford, James Gilmore, Charles Femly, Josue f
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Polintan, Tristan Calasanz, Francisco Ga11=sa, l .
- Gabriel Itchon, Atty. Cristobal, Carl.its Alata, ~
I Charles g Willis, Atty. Gumersindo Maniquis, Ralph .
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31ancof John Healey, Reynaldo de Dies, Edv.ard G' , t
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Denne11, Ed11berto Cabalfin, Ernesto Mejia, Cregorio
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a. Andal, 'Tecdoro Maca11ncag, Roland Valen=uela, Oscar . Crispin, Romeo Luis, Ministar C1&mante Gatsraitan', i
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Dr. Celia T. Anatalio, Agnetta'Peralta, David
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Leeds, Ingr. Andres Simen, Indra Gupta, Salvader
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Rcocas Clonzales, Jaime cuerrero, Sch1Iles del Callar,
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2:= ecto Sonido, Carlito Sar:11, Atty. Jokar Ar..cyo,
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i Atty, Lorenzo Tanada, 011mpio Peda, Atty. .Marcelino *
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Ilao, fxturo Alcara=, Regelio Datuin, Ricardo Pala-
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brica, James Cronin, Jchn D. Hankowsky, Gerry -
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Sti=awalt, and Atty. Wilfredo DL::en. -
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Voluminous documents and'**vh nits'wero pre-
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sented by the participanes as follows: . .
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Winstinghouse International Projects company 23 exhAbits with deveral sub-eshihits.
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- N<ttional Pocar Corpcratii:ht. as licensee, and
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its consultant, 23ASCO 73 - 9dhits with several - i
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sub-*vMbi ts. .
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P lippine Atcmic Energy e~==9sion: 16 main
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i exhibit,s with several sub-exhibits!
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The Ministry of Health: 5 exhibita with C - several sub-exhibits.
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':'? e Bureau of Mines: 14 zEs1 ,chihits with
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several sub-exhibits. .-
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Th e *NSSIIP* pansl: S av%Ik NE with savoral
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sub-ex41 bits. - *
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Thle Batsan I2P chapter: 25 exhibits and several - 1 sub-exhibits. . Thle Ta5ada Panel:92 exhih15St .with as suury
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sub-exhibfts. -
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Be> ides these exhibits snhref eted by the . . .
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partici ants, 14 additional documents werc marked and dancminated as "i spection avh 4 kits. "
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. At; the close of the hearings on September 14,
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. 1979, t:he C*maion gave the partia.2/ participants
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a peri :xt of 30 days, to expird ca . October 15, 1979,
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within which to file si=u.Ltanaeus. memoranda, and
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. up to October 25, 1979 within which to file reply- .
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memoranda. ,
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?<o world-renowned seismoregical and geophysical -- -
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expertj scientists came to the Philippines to assist
. and cou!nsel the Cc 'saica en Nuclear Reac or Plants .
in the technical evaluation of the a k' hits, testi- *
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,. monies , evidences, records and matarials gathered v - by the Commission during its hearings, namely,
,
.Dr. Cinna. I.omni.t=, . head. ~of the. Geephyst.cs Inatia
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tute of the . National Univ.ers.i..ty of Ne.5cico, and
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._.Dr . Jesse Carl.- Stapp of Les Angeles, California,
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Dr. Stttpp arrived en October 20, 1979 followed by -
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. Dr. Imit: en October 22> 19.79. Both left the
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Philippines on November 1, 19.79. Dur1ng that
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Period, they participated in a. series of consulta-
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tive meetings with the Ccmission and conducted *
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- aa ocul ar inspection at tha B=*== plant atta on -
octobez 27, 1979. 'Cn October 31, 1979, they ren-dared pair respective written reports. . I
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Pete a better perspective, we have divided . . l
- the ninie (9) concerns posed by the' President in
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Latter of Instruction No. 876 f.sto,two parts, .
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namely: ,
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I. the nuclear plant co w 47.1on safety
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. design question (Quastions 1 to. 4, ~ 8 and 9) , . .
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II. the safety of the sita f,Cuestions 5, ,
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. II. THE BATAAN NUCL31R PC*dE2 PN .
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. ~ . A. E ASIC BACKGNUND IN70PMATICS' -
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' The Philippine Nuclear Power Plant (PNPP=1)
. v undarscing ccastruction at Napot . Point, Muni-
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...<=. . .i.. .
- i e cipal.1,ty of L %, Province of Sataan and
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a j scheditled for operation in 1982, is a two-loop ,
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- Pressttri=ed Water Reactor System of Westinghouse
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- International Projects Company (WIPCC), suppliar, ,
I l i designer and =anufacturer. It wocid prov1de , t
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ateam to power a turbine generator with a not
. *1 cal output of 620,000 kilowatta., Full' .
I elec'1 construction ;k:. sit was granted My the Phil-
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Eppbel 55:$E e Enere2[ CEsskon to the htational' -
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- - - _ . . . . _ _ _ _ .
j Power Corporation (NP ) , applicant'.and proposed
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! licensee of the one-unit nuclear reactor plant -
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- only oln April . .
_4, 1_979,
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about. seven .(7) days . "
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._.fter the "Th.ree-Mile .I.s.MA I. .n.t-Wat.
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. Westinghouse P:essurt=ed Watar. har-tor (PWR) is
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- l a standard design and all types, be they of the
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three; loop or four-locp kind, haye allegedly
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. the same safeguard systa=s. Tha.only differenca
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lies [n the capacity or not elect =1 cal cutput,
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which s"71y means - the more tha loops, the I
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greater the generating capacity. , . . c
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. Ne now essay a description, ever so
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brief1 , of tha' fundamental operation of the
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questian of safety of the plant. The reactor , I coolant system for the PNpP-1 conslists of a
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reactor and two closed reactor..' coolant loops
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connected in parallel arrangementto the re- ;
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actor vessel, the plant's fur - each Icop -
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-- having a reactor coolant pump ar(,stsam gene .-
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rator. 'Bigh pressure watar M Idhtes through ,
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' the reactor core to remove heati generated by
- the nul clear fission process. The. heated vatar .
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exits frem the reactor vessel and passaa
', throug
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L the coolant loop piping bs the staam . geners-:. ors. Hars it gives up its heat to the ,
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feedwaver to generata stamm for the t u ha
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genera 1::or. Af F.a= the staa:n antars th,e turbine, :
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.it is condensed into feedwater ,and pt=rpad back ,
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to the steam generator to repeat its heat
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transfer cycle. , The condensor is .a large heat *
- exchangler that derives _1ts coolant frca a ence-through flow of seawater providad* by the cir-
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culatirig water system. (Whf hit C = Westinghouse) . '
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Dt=1=g normal operation of the nuclear I power reactor, about 160,000 gall of seawater
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.per minute would be pumped in to -p ide cooling water to the condensers whicN al='imderneath the
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, turbine . the water circulatas and discharges *
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again to the sea, this td:se 12 to .15 degrees , ,
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centigrada above normal temperatur'e. ,
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A large cylindrical structure known as
. the con *M-mt building surro~ i2dAthe u con ~
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4 a.1ssue And a ~ 1- -
=rm vastan. aarv-as as
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- biological shield." This bu11 dins houses the reactor, staam generators and other ma-jor -
.v ,,nc nts. Its walls are 1.49 :neters th.ick .
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and hea vily enforced with enough steel to -
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produce a 6 =:s har 12,500 k11c=eters long.
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The contain:sent buildisq is 52 :neters high, frc:a e ground level, 30 matars in diamatar and con-
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t . . nected with and supported by a concrets found- .. g
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ation =et up to 18 meters below ghuud, level. . .
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. The contaf'2msnt building is daisigned to, -
- t be airtight. ,No amplosion is allegedly possible, I
as hydr l ogen by itself, without oxygen, does .wt
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, explode . To cbtain a pessible ignition, hy- .
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drogen level in the containment build.ing should reach 4 to 8 per cent, and oxygen present should
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be of appre"== te level (p. 13', t.s.n. , June 25, .
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1979 a. a.) . Moreover uraniu:s 2.35, generally used in thermal reactor plants is not =uffi-
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ciently enriched to create nuclec explosion , like a bcmb (p. 13, t.s., June 25, 1979 a.m.). ,
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But the ecmponent jarts of the plan.t, the re- .
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y actor 1.tself, could be bicwn up by a strong
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stesa explosion (p. 1,' t.s.n., June 25, ,1979, _
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'Nhe' contain==at vessel, on tha. _other hand,
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is a steel pressuis vessel '38 usi 'thick. de- .
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signed and constructed to centsin,' any radio-active discharge during nor=al operstion and
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to mairtsin its integrity and function during . and af ter any postulated accident."
- Ad: acent to the containment building is
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- the ae4'fary building complex consisting of n
the "c ntrol building which serves am the nerve '
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~ cantar of the entira facility, tha diesel gene- . . i
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zator in4 w mg M :provides<ame=gency electri-
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1 I ca.1 power in the event of Icas of normal power supply the fuel storage building -fc= the sto-
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rage of new and spent fuel, ther inte M fata
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, t These l buildi.wir and the aux 311ary building."
buMMalgs are being built of heavily rah #cread i .
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! concre- um similar in design to the containment
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+ bailding and would_be supposedly provided with - - . ....-
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amergency safeguard systems and_ auxiliary
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. ment. he addition of a high cooling tower - - -to
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_____. the 3a :aan .Nuc1e'ar~ - -...-..;,,,. Plant'is alleged to be a
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major < support in case of emergency, as this t
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i would assure supply of essential cooling wated e ,'
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to the pr1 ary safety-related facilli:y c=...--
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ponent;s. The needed water would .come fress 13 -
.3 deep wl alls within the nuclear ,ww und ccaplex.
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All structures in the plant are designed to withstand the hori= ental accelerstion of 0.4 -
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times t:he force of gravity or 7.5'intansity ~
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Ah the Richter scale (pp. 11-12, t.s.n., June 25,
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1979 a.m.) A housing area fc= workers and *
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nuclear technicians was constructed in Sagac, ,
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Bataan , about seventeen (17) kile:seters frca .
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the nuclear plant sita. ,,' . During the progress of co ' ' ' ^ #o'n of C . i
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the containment building, h_cneycebs on Block
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t 1_2 we.r,el fir.st _noted. when the for= work was .re-
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move.d, and~the ref.nforcing
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bars were seen shew-
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! ing portiona of t!.a surface of.the ccncrota
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. not fuT,1y ecvered as they should he. The dis-
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covery was reported in tho Inspectors' Repo.. - of Janua..y 31, 1978. Block'12 is a reinforced
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' concrete cylindrical vall, l'.49. meters thick, .
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. *3.69 matters high with an out=.ide Af =~ter of
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' 36.88 meters. It is the second to the last -
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block }.o be poured before the reactcr shield I builms is erected on tcp of the foundation (p. 7SC , Vol. !!!, Rec. ) . The boneyecmbs '
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were 1!aund *at the interior face of the wall
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and not at the exterior face" (p. 695, vol. II,
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Rec.; p. 11, t.s.n.; August 30, 1979, 8:40 a.m.,
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Wh f N t 66-NPC). , h [..
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Tt e existence o'f the honeyecab in Block 12
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does tot appear to have been officially re-i._..
. ported or disclosed by NPC to.tha. P.h114ppine ,
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. Atmaic Energy Comunission '(7AEC) ,. and when ,the ,
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atten*"an of the regulatory body was called
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. . af tar :an.. audit by its regulatory staff cn PNPS-1,
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West 1sghouse. had already scheduled
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the " grouting __ . _ _ _ , , of the bot *--head of the s teel con ** * ="t,
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which vould._essent.ially cover ther honeycomIs.
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so neti:ne in January 1979, a rough eva-l luatic::: report of the 'Concreta Repair Proca-dure for Block 12' was prepared by P. C. L.1u
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of EBASCO Services Corporation (WH'1 bit 13-C, Bataan ISP Panal). Prem a visual.'1nspectica, , ,
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the nn-lor or extensive void ,or honeyecmb areas .'
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I were at the interior phase of 'tha wall and the
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- defectd.ve areas were estimated'to cover . T I
approx:.mataly#30FM%5s'intertor surface in
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the loger half =cr.e of the wal.L of. 31cck 12.
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- The ved ds cau. sed by air entrapment were ex-I .
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tensive . The deepest were found 't:c extend
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approximately 6 to S inches behind the first .
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layer of the ver.tical reinforcement but thera
- was no expcauraofsecondlayebofvertical
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re-ban . Core samples wara + ^aw .at Block 12.
- By order of the Philippine Atcmic Energy ,
Ccamisa ion, NPC was ordered to desist frca . .
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Jagrouthg. the,.bo,Q.hed of the-metal : contain- .
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mant ard pouring concreta. theroed untti app 11-
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cant shall have submitted preefs sa+ d-facto.mf to PAEC, that internal volds do not exist with- , in slo 12 of the reactor concre'ta shield and . thereby :r.aintais the structural integrity of - I the reactor building. Applicant was enjoined % to submlit plans for corrective action for the .
'
C=mmission's evaluation and approval beforo -
.
..y actual corrective work is undertaken (Ex-
- hibit 1 3-D, Bataan '.37). . .
The Philippine Atomic Energy <* - 4aston
- was the 1 officially inferr.ed by NPC of the needed liepair of Block 12 and of the dry pack-
. ' 'ing to be used in tha'31ock 12 repd r. The.~.
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.p r, ocedura for repair
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and..' .the re.pa...i..r i.tself
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were re erred to. .experts _ . ..., an.d later.appro.v.ed
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".by PAEC on June 4,1979, af ter itz ; inspectors
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had visited the completa activity bd submitted
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I their r9 ports (p. 16, t.s.n., Acqu5t 30, 1979,
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9 : 30 a.ml .) . .
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At the hearings before this ccaniss16n,
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' the Sataan/ISP Chaptar Pane
- . . . . . _
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'c'I= M that the
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.repaiz of the extaasive and major internal ,, .
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voids and honeycombs in 31oc_kJ2 !appe.ar_to_ -
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be unprc,._ Manted in the field of nuclear -- re- -- __ _
. . . . = --
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actor - building c.onstruction because. the pro- _ _ _ . . .
.. .,
cedura s failed .to cite any USNRC Cr PAEC ru.le .
. ..,
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or regulation as, guide in the evaluation and . repair of said damage. McVever, the procedura, _
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cutlined above under the supervision s.nd orders -
~ -
-- . .
frem tse Philippine regulatory ecemission a.s
~ g _ ._. - - - - ~
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_ _ _ _ _ _ ,
-
supported by the exhibits (M#%1ts 13-3 to *
,
. . . . . , . - . . . . . - _ _ _ _ . . _
,
13-E, . 5ataan/*3P; Exhibits 68 to 69 and rami- ,
-- . . . __ _ _ . _ _ . - - - .
fications) have not been successfully contra-- -
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_. _ ____.,- -...__
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- dicted .-
,
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.:
The Bataan/ISP Chapter la==nted that PAEC
'"
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- ade : :> 1cr*!.ar i=:;drias as :: 2.e a w a1 susa
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or can ses in the damage of aleck 12; and t.ht .
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.
.
no expLanatdon about the cause or cauces of such a:ctensive~ and major intar=al'. voids and
.
honeyec=bs were offered or disclosed by NPC
"
, when tQe reactor building appears to be the -
,
.
'
most safety-sens'itive structure in the Bata.2n
. .
.
Nuclear l Plant. Oppositors alleged.. t.ht e: sternal . I factors such as the seapage of wat.er into the
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, hardening concreta f:cm 'ari uiwvyd sprong
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unde.mine the foundation of the building as .
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well na affect the stability of the soil on which
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.the building meats.*~ Ezeept for hearsay inforsa .. w
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1
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tion fra:a workers on the ex1 stance of the supposed --
-
- - - - - -
~
_ __
..... ...
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spring, the Sataan/T3P Panel f=f'M to introduca __ _
. .._._ . . competent L evidence on the point (4.:. 2, __ _ . . .-
t.s.n., .
.
, Augusd,30, 1979, 9:20 a.m.).
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B. Oc2STTOM NO. It - W9.T SPECIPrc SAFEOtIAES, IF ANY,1 HAS BEZN TJUCZN AGAINST REPT"ITICN IN THE BA'M" NUr v -' M PC.frR PLANT CF. THE. TE-- MILE ISI.AND NUCLEAR II;CIrENT W.'.,IC3 OCCURRED
- IN PENNSYLVANI.A, U.S.A. ON MAltC3 23, 19797
. .
.
. THE TERE 2-MILE ISLtW NUM.'39.
INCIrEhT .
. .
. . . .
. The subject tru.ident happened at Three- ,
Mile Is;and. Unis : of Babcock and wilecx Re=
'
I actors on Ma.rch 22, 1979 in Harrisburg, Pens- -
.
sylvania, U.0.A. , a few months af ter ialtial
. .
cperation. The cause was attf buted pr1=arily
.
.
tea (1.) 'operater er==r, and (2') malfunE. tion .- -
.
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_ , _ . . -
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and ambiguity of certain c=mponents. - -
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- j r ... . . . }. . . . .
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As tb No. 1, the operators turned off pre- . *
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naturely four (4) large pu=ps which'circulata '
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the reac a ecolant in the roactur3' M acticn *
. ..
damaged <:he nuclear fuel which had formed a sub- j
' '
stantial quantity of hydrogen gas. Furthe=more, .
'
.
'
. the cperators prematurely ta$:ninetad the h.igh .
, . .-
. ;
. Pressure injection flow apparently ccafused by . , -
,
the pressuriser level indication. This led to
'j .
,
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I further reduction in prd$.ary coolant inventory.
.
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Ae to No. 2, the malfune-tion in the e .
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feedwater*. system caused the pu$ pin to trip which,
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, in turn, cassed the ~turhise genaistior to turn ,
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-
of the vatar va5 blocked by a clemed pressurizar
- ;
electrematic relief valve. ' This valve cpened
- -
. . .
,
asdes*Jgned, but failed to close again when - I prese e decreased belcw actuatica. level. The
,
core r%= age had foz:med a substantial quantity
-
of hyd:cl ogen. gas. Efforts ware made 'to step the .
,
-
ine-4ttent gaseous releases by transfering the - i radioactive water into tha prima::y conta #"e="t' *
.
-
I
- bu11 ding - and which water flooded.the. floor of I
this contad.nment structure. Radicactive watar .
-
. . .
"
' was transferred to the nearby =v41
- m build- .-
l . . _
,
ing, and radioact1ve gases escaped.. In the two
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s
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. . . , e....
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.bu11 # ' s and into the at=caphare. - For a time
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.. p 7 ,.
NRC reportad release of radioact.1vity to a level
*
- ** -
'.,
- of 1200 rem above the reactor site. -
. . :
tip be the close of the hearings befera t.m . , -
- -
'
4 '. Ccamiss on on September 14, 1979, or.169 days ,' . : e
.
.
..
.' s .~
after the inWant, no evidence was presentad - .
that thik damage to the plant at T'Lm. . e-Mile
. > ,
,. Island a been rapa. ired. Reports 'frcas. the .
,
.
- -
,
~ ~
senata suelaar Requiation sub-Cca:sittee mantica
'
to repair".d.mak.which h5.ndars clean up
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operations and thraatans further,;ralease of r=A*^=ctive wastas. One million, ga.ticas of ,
. I
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highlp radicactive vatar are ncy stored at the
'
site at TMI. Centaminatad watar Ifrca the d==ged
- - - - . .
. . .
_ _ 4, -.
. . P.lant
. . .
.11 ex.c..e.ed._s..t_orage faci.l.it:y .,and. . capacity
. . . _ . . .
.
.withir 40.dags and. be.Isleased_i.nto .the environ- -
, ,
-
. ment. , , _
tnlans_ steps _ , . - - ar.e taken .soen_.to c.l..e..a. _n. i.t up - . .-..
- -- -
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-. and to find additional means to stere it (Daily
......_t . ... _ - _ _
- t Express, September 30, 1979 frca Washington, .. .
.
U.S.A. ). ,
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- '
. . .i: .
.. . SAFECUARDS "AKZ3 ACAINST REP 2J.riCN
-
IN THE f.ATAAN NUCL3AR PI AI.T OF THE THR.EE-MII.2 IS-ED r. CIDerr
-
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.
In
-- i. ts_,, position papar, Westinghouse ci.a1=m
- .-- . _ .. . . .. .
that h "short..ta=m" .modifica. tic =s. . covering sa.fe r
-
~ . . _ . .. -- .
guards
--
- x x x had already .... .. been - .. inco..rpo.ntad into... .
.
the. Pte, ? -I design.'._m.ren before th.e occurrence of __ . - the TMI incident (p. 155, Vol. I 5tec.) - _.. - We f4nd
; __ . . . . . .
. ..
it.b. are. to believe ... that Wes+ NA..m. s.e.ha.d.. ~long
._ . . . . . -
- g. .
._
anticipated the..d.efi.ciencies
. , , . . . _ . .
- . _
at. the ,, TM'I plant,
, . . .
.
pa ..rticularly in thosa components that wel fune - - .. ._
-
23, 1979 incident. -
.tienedlontheMarch . . ._.. .. -_ .
The Task Force of USNRC reported among others, - -
.
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r
.
that: . . f,*;$' . t'.. -
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.
*z x x. Nt Three-Mile Illand, *
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seme of the safety svstems vers
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challenced to a creatar e:stant er kn 6a diff erent mat:.ner uns.n was antL=
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ci ated in tamir caalgn casts Many
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of the events that occurred were - kn to be possible, but vers not . previonalv Sudced to be surriciently probacle tc :=cuira censicaration on the desian ' asis. ocerster esrcr, extensive core camace, ana.orecuction of 61arce cuantsey of hycroce.n trem the . reaction of 21res.llev clsesine anc steam were foreseen as cessible events, bue were exclucec frem tne cessen basis, since olant safsti =c.sm es - -
. . .
vere provicen to crevent suca occur- . rences." (71 rat Report, p. 10, Exa. 74--Tanada, attached to Mcmorandu:n for Bataan ISP Panel). . .
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It ,would be o.v.er. ly c_andid_and..._ stretching tha
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.3 r' imag1:ud. tion t.o..o_fa.r to believe that the nuclear
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enginee{rs of Westingher*e_ had Sessis".able
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anti to .
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.. afpata *1* such ~Ww==ar== 'th3t- hTz6eened at M .
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and inclo rporate the mechanisms to remedy the then *
.
- .., . _-- .-
unfores'een deficiW' a cfsi In the Amnion of the .
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PNP P-1. l, ,l';, , Witb respect to "[o, . tar:m" W 4 "Ica,tions or .
.. l .
actions: on design modification, all Wastinghouse .
.. .. .. . ..
would aad could say is that thczer .eaM by ,
~
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the U.Sr Adviso:y Cocnission on Reactor Safoguard
'
l (ACRS) and the U.S. National. Regulatory r"-f *sion -
.
(USNRC)' ,are not ident111,ed as . reactor _safegual-ds.
.
We directed Westinghouse to subnit in colu=nar
,
' form the remota causes, the proximate causes of ,
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. the T:C. incidant, tho . _g term w *"icatione '
and the additional safeguards. .. West.inghouse
.
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ccmpi. Led by' submitting Docu::hant.No.14-R-1 and -
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14-B-;t which obviously shcw ?mdas the eclumn l ..
- Modification," the phrase di rone- - ,*1dentifded -
at
--- - l-
- --- -
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present t.ime.' -. Similarly, under 'the column .
,_ .
,,
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" Add 1M = =1 Safegua=ds, . . -
if Any,#:the- . . answer .
- _ . . . . . ~ . . . . _
*
- nostly given is "Nene idan.64 di..e..d A._t Prasant
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Time." mut hew couls these'long'.te=m w **ica- . .
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tions be unidantiftsd when they refer to ":nors .
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fundamental questions in the des,1,gn and opera- ' tien cf nuclear pcwer and in th's licensing .
. .
s_ . . l
. Process" and, grouped 1o64, generni safety -
crite a, system design .6ame'nts, nuclea= l .-
-
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.
power lant operations, and nuclear power plant ..' licens,i1ng
'
(p. 16, First Repos.t of :2C-2 Lassens . . '-
* ~
7enzned Task Force, Exhibit 74-Tafada)? Even ,
- in the USNRC report to Congress pchlished
'
' t January 1979, "savanteen (17) unresc1ved Safety Issues, L addressed by 22 tasks .in the NRC pro-I
-
grc:a vero identified (p. 2, Exh. 90-Ta5ada) . , n .
-
some of the unresolved safety issues relate to I
-
*
. the pressurteed water % actor _ stema senerator _
,
I tube integrity (A-3, . A-4,. A-5) ; reactor vessel
-
material toughness, fracture, toughness of ,
. .
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stanza q-e and zaector: mNe pu=p aueocrts * -
.
g . (A-123, seismic design criteria (A-4.0 ) , etc.
'
A few days lata =, Westinghouse subszittad
.
another docu:nent (Doc unant No. l'4-B-1 and 14-C-1, l s-pp.162-D . to 162-J, Vol.1, Rec'b, but still . , f ' ' ap~ - -*ng under the column "1cag taz:n and short .
.
. .
- t.aza =Md *1 cations" is the usual answex given .
- '
beforel "none identified at present time.' - _ .
- Under {the column "Additienal Safeguards If any,* c
~_ . . .- .. .
it is _ _ _ _ . no..t clear to..the t'r ==d_ssion$ .- nor..did,
- - .
.
Westin house-- explain - whether the answern -- --
. . .. . ,_
given ara ,ad_dttional safeguards, or safeguards
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alrea _ _ , , _ , exi.. ting in t.he design cf..P5PP-1.
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Apparently,_Wastinghouse
, . . .
has. zhs_t ; provided i
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or does not. plan to include _any add.itional safe-
.. . . . ,.
guards because in its finished design all it can
.. .. . . _ . - -
. . _. .. .
assure this Ccamissica 'is that., if required cr.
. . . . . . . . ... . -
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deerned .' nocessary by the USNRC ' or .the _Philippi.ne ' .
-
. . .
. 3. - _
Atc:mic Energy Ccadiss:l,cn, it would. incorporata
- - - - - - -
*
. ... .
_ . , . . . . . . . any adcLitional safeguards so required,
~ - .
wasting-
-
. - . . . . . . . .
house Jd.leges, that, any 2cdification_in their
, _
"
.
present design would be "out of the state of the . art" o beyond the limits of erasent day *achno-
. -. - - -
. . . . _ p logyr that the discovery of the . latest safety device !should ccme fr::n other so'u=ces, not frem
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Westinghansa_. tSus, Ja:ses Moors, 'Westi.p.use ,
.
_ genera $ :nanager on' Nuclear Power Divis1M con-
. t ,
- firmed that Westinghouse would install the
- .
-
. - . ..
latest safety devices that nay be . discovered -
. - . . . . . , .. . . . .
. .
- seven after the signing of the cost =act with the .
,
--- - c. .. .
National Power Corporation of the Philippines '
-
,
I '
- for the Bataan Nuclear Power Plans-(pp. S S** S 9 ,
i .
. t. s . n. , June 23, 1979, p.m.) . ,'..
. Ecv unknowing, unconcerned,Ior unswaro -
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*
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4 . West 1nghouse
.. ...
can be on what are and what
.
- nay ha
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the nature of the. additional, safeguards, .is .. ,
,
... .. ... .... .. . .. .... .
'
indicated in its sweeping yet cateocrical
= =--- - I -
--
- . . . . . . . . .: . ...... .
assumption .of .llability and warranry for the
,
. , - - -
. . . . .. . . . . .
safetyEcf the pisnt, and is well hnst=ated - -
- - .
i ,, . by the ' ollowing portions of the thsti:nony of .. . .
-- .-
_ . . ...,.. .. .
.
. Mr. Aur.a
-
.
g A. S.i =.nons, Vice-President of fiesting
. .. .
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,
. .
**
house International Projects C~-eany: ,
.
. 'MR. TA9ADA. Without kncwing
'
thel ncture of the safeguards to be . reqjuired, you are cer=:Lita d g Weshtney= house into the incorporation of these .
. safieguards to the Bataan Nucisar -
Plant? -
'
.- .
- MR, SIMMONS. For those safa--
-
guards that may be premulgated as a
- raa' u lt of the Three-Mile Island, ih
- nadh a sustament that Westinghousa ~
.
will provide those. . . .
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MR. TASADA. Without at present kneving the natu: s and kind of, those
- saf'equards? .
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.... . IIB - 7. .a
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MR. SIMMCSS., Tes, sir.,
. ..,. .
M1t. TAftADA. suppose the additional .
- safegubras to be requ. ired would need a radit:a1 change of your. plant itself, .
would you still introduce.those safe- . guards? .
-
!
% SIMMONS. I Yes, believe that.that sir.
* *
.
vaa tha statamant. ,
.
,
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MR , tat.ADA: Now suppose the cost of tha a safeguard to be required would be around $50 million, would you in-
-
corperate that? . .
' *
- MR, SUO!CNS. I =ust answer it, . .
yes, 1$ it tcok that much to =ake the
.*
-
Bataani Huclear Plant sada.
, .
.
- MR T.1L1*ADA.
, Thank. you. And at whose expense would that introduction of thcae safegua.Ms be?
MR ; S7MtCNS*/EIn all probability,
- most .cf that expense would be to Westing-
- house pecount ,:: cst if not _a13 *," (pp. 2-3, t.s,n., July 9, 1979, 2T30 p.m.). .
'
i Ts CsA:ssAN. what you are tEying .. to asyiis, if by the time beeween now ,' , and 1943 there shculd be additional ~
-
safe 07! requirements that will 'be_ra- ,
- quired:by the NRC, Westinghcuse would ~'
.
Install them in Sataan? '
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MR o SIMMCNS. Yes_, si.r. _ . . , _ . MR, CHAIW.AN. You are undertaking , that as your responsibility?
- MRo SDOCHS. Part of our responsi- *
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b111ty, yes, sir." (pp. 2-3, t.s.n.,
. July 6, 1979, 8:15 a.m.). - -
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. m.y q . .:'
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Mr, Simmons in his own words admittad that".
*the Sataan Nuclear Plant is not a new design"; , .
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, that * ,t is an existing das,ign c='back fitted -
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-into the system design which'if neces,sa=y they -
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I wi.u be back fitted into the Batsan Nuclear
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1 Plant 21 x x" (p. 8, t.s.n. , Culy 9, 1979,
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2:30 p.m.). .
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_ .v. - . . Mr St e mn has ef tted Wes+<Wuse with
- respect to the future requirements of trDIRC and Acas arm to answer for the necessary ad-just:ments on the lant for sabaty including. h ances due
,- _ . . . . .
to its , ernonstrated failure on qu2d.ity assuranes . .
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I . of ec.Sonents used. , .
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I. "THE CHAIRMAN. Should azperts of b the same qualifications as your good- .
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self 1ccX at the two systezas and, f.ind
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cairtain saf t ty =aasures in Kori '5, 6, - '-
7 8 are added measures, would you ,
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b willing to install the:a in; the - .
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Ba.taan plant? .
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- MR. SDDICES. Yes, sir. ,
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Now, lik55dae,
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M2. ' CSA.I3 MAN.
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as . a scientist you have an open sind .and * ~ it'is said that the more you know, the
- more humble a man beccmes. And. you are '
ochn to the mssibility that what vcu
~
say may not always be che uit.1=.ats trtsth. .. .
.- . .
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, opening our minds to.that con +d'- -
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gency, if in your dissertatica. that al the possible consequences that you ". do not expect =ay arise or there are g.7.,unda to show that they would arf se
, and there are-wafety measures , that are .
- proven to exist, would you. be;w41' 4 "g
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tol .make these adjustments 7 .
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JGL. S2:3tc Es, Z ' vill apAak for. my
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. crsupany and the answer is.yes, sir. .
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- TEE C3AIEMAN. New, would that ba a part of your under** W in connection with this plant? -
,
MR. SDot0NS. Yes , sir. * '(pp. 4-5,
.
**
t a.n. , July 6, 1979 ; S:15 a~m.: also -
.
p ' 3, t.s.n. , July 6, 1979 r y, 9, t.s.n. , J .ly 9, 13 79, 2 : 3 0 p.m. ) . ..' N - .
... s. .
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Once againe Mr. SL: mons far frex sattsfyLug i the ccanissica by presenting c.W.la prcofs or l additictial'safeguseds, under his oath just made , anothe=Iexpress warranty as ahewn by t.he. follow- ,
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, ._..y,.,. '
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ingr.
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. "JUSTICS EAUSTISTA. Now, with respect '
to these puraps that would be used at the '
.
Bat:aan Nullen: Plant, is i't alraady da- , I~ signed and existing as of the presenc ,
-
Lias? .
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MR. SIM MNS. Yes, air. 'All the' -
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, pumps are exsetly the sana in all of ,
the plants. . .
"
- JUSTIC:: 3ACTISTA. Of what vintsge ary these pumps 1:hst woul.1 be,, brought here? 04 what year?
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. MR. SDe*CNS. They are in,manufac- . -
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turing now. I belleve that.. tia shipping
- date from the United States sculd pro-haSly be Noverabar or Decembe.r 1979.
' '
JUSTICZ 3AI??!STA. Ware these pumps . Ine luded in those : anufactured in 19762 . -
. ;. . . . .
MR. SIMNCalS. They ar's like the , pu=zps that vera ~anufactured in 1976. .
- Yad, sir. ,
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L-fyQ~Q-:.D. . _ .
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Ut:373r. . ds--m... I;hav,e read articlas-+ + M zulatad that Westing-
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.hbuse pu:rps! that vara beir.g'. sold to -
Skeden la that year,1976, wara re-
$cted because of lack of quality.
, . Cun you say anythf my to that?
,
3Gt. SIMMONS. Yes, str[$ ME*.* Justica. You are talking about two different sets .
.. C.! Pumps today. . . i,4 .
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, 'JUSTIC3 I AUTISTA. Yes.... Mill you
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ci,arify?< - 5;
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MR. SI::*83fS. . Its have sta=5ad to talk
- during thla w Wabcut tha reacter
'st . are
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ufacthr==r:=L. met:.it:s acdel.. The cPW. !f5stinghouse.. . '."'..ose pu:rps
- that warm refect 3d by the Swedish State .
. 3 card we. s 22:s et.=ging pumps in wtLich .
wq provid.xbs secificaticna to. a vendor a$ bough.t. tica.. .h,_W ve~*% They . 7
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are nce Woo +# , 7- .w i - = " v tured.
= .
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JUSTIC MISTA. Do you mean to - say that these pu::ps that warm rejected
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- wek.s not manufactured by your own ,com-
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. MR. SIMW2is. That is t=ue. -
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JUSTIC3 EAUTISTA. Ecw about the pt=np that you intand to sell for the -
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Bataan Nuclear Plant 1 -
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l MR. SIMMCES. T'as reactor cooling pu:tp for Sataan are designed and :nanu-
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- factured by Westinghousa. ,
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. JU5" ICE BAC""ISTA. These are different from those that were sold to but rejected
.
by13weden? . ,,. .
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MR.~SIM3CNS. Yes, s'ir. They ara
- ~
different pu=ps, diffarent systemas, Mr. :
.
JusCice. . ~ *l$5',_ .~-^
,,.~. . .
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JUSTICE ExUTISTA. 55 culch we 21.nd - that they ara of peer quality,:would .
. Wantinghouse replace the pu=ps?
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. . .% SIMHCES. Wa. h.myn .a.. .synto:n beth
,Restinghouse, NPC and that.r consultanta on quality assuranca that, at any tima
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there is a datact f ca any matter of
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, if'act with cc=penant, that has to be
.
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l remedied. And it is part. of wasting-house respons1h111ty to es:nedy that because we do va== ant worNn=Mp and
- natorialm of all equiposant. . . . .
JUSTTCZ 3AUTISTA. Thas is only in - i nccordanca with what happened in Sweden 1 there Westinghouse rep 1 ;the purmps. . MR. SIMMCNS. That is correct. and i :het is a part of the wa=ranty.
- JUSTICZ 3AUTISTA. ***= T yo u. '
(pp. 5-8, t.s.n., July 16, 2373, . 1:30 p.m.) ,
. . .
.. <
22cm the above. admissien of.v. a.rranty, wc do
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s not afnd . g .. it stran.ge.why Westinghouse
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would new
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insisti
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that the additdonal safeguag.*.a needed are
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already
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incorporated in the facility, and that . . . . . _ _ . . - - . -
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the s t' ieter s + = ~h
- de-=W afte m refer
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to opehating nuciaar plants caly.. we find that . . . . . .
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thealkegationisincorrect. -
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e Task Forca Status Report (2xh. 74- TmW_aj I expressly states that v.he zeer e=andations a== applicable to "x x x pending operating license ,
-(CL) arJd construction pe::mit (CP) applications. "
i The regort also states that:
'
" Actions rat-rreanded by .the L4ssons Laar=ed Task Force and affrroved by the D1:actc= of LGC .
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or the c'* *sion, .as appropr.iste, . will be assigned to the Divisions . of Project Management (DPM) , Systems . Safsty (DSS) , and Operating Raactors (QR) and to the 3 te O Task Force for implementation on pandine lleonse_ aisp11 cations and on eeurs nq o.i. ants.' *
"(p . 2 ) . ,
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Indeed, if operatincy plants are required
.
- more exacting and more severe ca.% would ~ ~-
thah -- ~
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mean th.at the proposed design for.PMPP-1 can ~ ----
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m.fford to b.e .c..ar. eless? . .
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- At the hearings before thi.s, f**asion, the .
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I Westinghouse design of the antaan 5uclear Power , Plant Es attacked as inheruntly Ndak because it 3
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has noE provided for additional safequ.ards, There .:,s truth in this assertion. Dr. Charles Willis, consultant of the Philipp no A emic I
- Energy ICc::: mission, v.'.an interpe11Nted by oppo- .
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sitors, ad:aitted that the re .~. 8=t_ ion con- _
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I m tained jin No. 3 of. .tha Task Force of
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on. ,
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. the !c . incident has not heen included in the .
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design, proposed for_PNPP-1. Thus,. Dr. Willis , ,
,i
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testifded: 7 l , .'
'. "ATTT. kR20TO: Your Eccer, in other words, No. 2 is not fully incor-
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'pdrated in the Bataan plant */ -
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DR. WTT.T.TM: The valves have not
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. been designed or they have not been
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, .bd11t or ordered. They wil.L he incer-pcrated in the PNFP-1 plant. It is
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not clear to na on the basis c2 the a m'terials suhr.ittad that.the'previcca
- tasting would have met this require-mlant, but I r mnt say for sure, but .
.' chrtainly, it being incorporated that the valves would be tasted according -
to the requirement and ree - nda* *n before they are installed in the Pp?P-1* (Page 11, t.s.n. August 14: .
. 1979, 8:45 a.m.) . .
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car. W.1111s apparently rad.ars 'to the crassurizar . -
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to cicsa elEL.<s.atic relief valve whichck, . . S =A .
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_ during the Thren-Mile Island incident. As an additional safr, guard, an interleek . and a cen+=h- - __
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most tiolation signal should be devised as recem- -~
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. mended to prevent the valva f= cat s' y,ing open when
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pressure is decreased below actuadion level or to _
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~~d M...u transfer vhan high radiation exists.. .. _I.n- -
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__ . locked in their correct position. - .
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Wo find therstore. that both Mastinghouse and
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TMI-2 designs do.not have au'=rmatt'c signals to
- g. . _ _ - . . . . . . . . . ,
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' align valves which could be inadvertently left
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in an fncorrect posit 1on. How;can. Westinghouse
. -. . . . . ._. _.__- .; ,
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'now rightly claim that all safety ' measures re- . ,
l quired by NRC short-tar:s re--m**tions have _
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.alrnady been incorporated in thad. nuclear re .
actor design even before the TxI-25' incident?
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A more.datsporfcmi Maion' was made 1:sf
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Mr. S r-e whan interpellated by this F==4 a-
. 'sion t: hat Westinghouse _has not adopted, any adai
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tiona L safeguards, thus:' .
.[
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" JUSTICE VASQUES. So you ara Just drawing a conclusion, .there was
- 13o specific finding that. if.certain ,
. 1safegua.%.m uken the' TEEI inci- *
~
s -
.- desan w:m 2,^W,W.W_ed. and theae
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arafeguarszMa W_fied and you could khew that the new designs which you
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have been-adopting all along, they were all incorporated there,and the..n- .
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fare thera is no need of: t?*f"s these -
-
additional safeguards? That was[not only
'
MR. SDe!CNS. 1:he judgement of Westingbouse but it - was also the 3dg:nent at nac. , , ,
. .
JUSTICE VASQUE . I.amIgoing bac3c - to uty original question. Do you have
- any decu:sent that will rsally show that the changes er the diffarences .
3 in your designs ecmply with the safe-- .
,trr.nrds cai3n4 for by the USERC7 ,
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Ct. SDC".CNS. I believe that there . are, Your P.cnor, and we wn i look for
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that, try te submit thmet as docu:nents. .
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. USTIC3 VASCCE3. Now,.zince you *
. .
,gaid all of .the saf eguards. n -**sary ~
to prevent the OfI incidant. frc:2 . happening in Bataan are already built in your. design, the answer. I gather frca your position paper far the . first question is you have not adopted any additional safeguards?. . . .
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. MR. SIMMCNS. That_is correct, -
sir.' (pp. 2-3, t.s.n. , July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.) . . .. .
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As a r.atter of fact when Mr. SI= amens testif.ied
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on shal;r 5,1379, he su:phatically clair.ed that
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the FWP.1...d_es,5gi'is not being. rehiewed _by the
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, USNRC,and.therafcr_,e_,it could not havLrequi. red, westing house to_ retrofit or adjitst its design '.
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to meeg the latest standards of.safetf. 5a .
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far as 1destinghouse is concerned ak,;.,acditional -
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safeguards would be included in. 6.4 design only _
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upon a=s of USNRC, but not on its own initia-
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tive. -. t This is revealed by the following port 4cas -
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, of Mr. Si= mons 8 tastiracny: ,' ." -
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'JUSTIC3 BAUTISTA. Just one or tzt:
e ata"questiens
=tive analysis in addition questions to the of the
'
s . cc::ssission. ,
- It is reportad that th'e' United '
Stfates Ambassador, Richard Humphy, on
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tSe occasion of the Fil-Anerican ,
.
andship Day, said that tha.rsason f the delay in the processing of . the export license for the equ4---at '
-
of} the Sataan plant is that the engi- *
-
.
,
neers of the proposed plant have been
. rehulred to adjust or retrofit their -
design to mest the latest standa:ds *
- oflsafety which have Stewn ocre. severs
.
and higher. My question is, conceding
"
. this state:nent to be correct, what *
.
does Westinghouse intend to do no. that
- it could cca: ply wit.*z these stricter, -
.
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- nora scvare and higher a+aad-mis of '
, safety?
.
MR. SIMMCetS. Mr. Justic ;.I - beMeve that the Ambassadcr was m.ta '
.
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quoted. Ecwaver, assu=1ng that he .
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was not misquoted, then I will say
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he is wrong, for the sia ple reason that the application for t.be export license for the Philippines Bataan *
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. . . - " . * *~.!E Nuclear Plant is not and has not
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been reviewed by the NRC to this d.sy. So hcw can you have retro-fit on a licanse that has not bUen reviewed?" (p. 6, t . s .n. , *
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.s . ., July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.).
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, Dr. William Ecward Arnold,*P:sesirlent of
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- Westinthouse International, tastified that while
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DSNRC As responsible under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
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Act for} issuing export licenses af,ter. consultation
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with o ar government . agencies, the,pracdae safety *
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reviev ,of the plant is not atatuenrily required . .
! i j *
.by the pSNRC and the design of PEPh'-l has not been * *
. approv by the U.S. Regulatory r'--4 balon (pp. S-( _
9, t.s. rs. , June 26, 1979, 1:30-2:00 p.m.). It =ay .
. . . . .- : . fairly**he concluded freas this admission that nuclear' '
. Q:
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, facilities expor*.ed out of the United States to .
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other countries do not undea re.'the ridtd tests *
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. given by CS2TRC to faci 1 ittes c=nstructed in the
.
i U.S. I. we vers to take public notice of con-
- l
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tempera..y events reported in the. U42. press as C- T< - e ~~~ I-
- h *
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t=~=M t, ted here, .it is only new that CsNac would
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( . conductisome sort:of an exas.ination.of the PNPP-1 i design. The general cla=cr has been for an over- ..
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- , haul of it he design for a radical increase in the
'
r' ! 3,. . .- margin of safety. Thus, the U.S. presidentisi
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-commissJ
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en on Three-Hile Island altar public
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- hearings l reccassended f'ine'=ntal e-hanges in the
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')
.
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.
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- II3 - 17
.
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-
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. . . .
.
.
_
.
.
.
-. .
,
.
. .
' - -
-
9e
- k.
. :* .
vay nuclear planta are built, operated and_ .
.
(Sulletin Today, Nv, l:,b: 1, 1979
-
requi . .
!
' citing,A.ssociated Press, Washingtion, Octobe.r .
-
\
..
31/ 1975). .
-
'
-
,
-
.
W.Lth all the .achi.ssio..ns .of-.1.l=wm
..
. . n...-.
ty made
.
, ,
,, *
, .
. ?*
under, uth, Wes*NMusa
. _ . . . . ;- in-itar -- memoranduca
. ;
- - - -
. _ _ . . ,
'
Thus, .
.
(page. 40.) ._would ocer., shirk resp'chsibility. _ _ .
-
,, .
.
,
*
,
Westinghouce noer considers the ch11gatica to '. , provido perf - w vet.ificstion of all rellef Co-9. b L. -
-
#
-
Re.c. . L 1. s..
. and safety valves am "a cc=bined industry effort , .
ratherlthan an individual vendor effort." .
-
.
, ,.-
.
house .w.o._uld to , , .
.
Wes.t.in9
-. . . ~ also _ " .pass
_ . . _ . the.,b..u.c.k.."
.. . .
t ' HPC . stating that..once the . data-- 'N=t.i.on.s of
-- . . _ ,
' av="t= 411 ties of tant facili.ti_es,and.,p=cgraza
-
-
* .
g defiaih. ions are made, WestinghousM.will just - -
,
- _
--
;
- - . . _ _. ._ ..___.
y "x x x advise NPC of a mathed or facilities,
'
av f a to them for verification of the re-e t actor coolant system relief and safety valves."_
. . __..;
-
Tet assin, while Westinghouse does not oppose t.hs USHRC's re-ndation .that a pri- - mary coolant saturation meter be installed to
-
provide online unambigucus indicatica at last saburstica ccnditien, however[ Westingnouse . . _ . ~ states <; bat imp 1~ntation of the suggestad. -
. . j . . .
- . _ . . -.
,
remedy should wait because '. Westinghouse ocaside=s
. . ._ . . _ . .
,
.-
.
. .. . - _. ... ., .
,
. -
. d e
-
.
- l
-
I.I3 - 18 . : .
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-
.
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. . .- :
' ;
.
-
.
. . . ..-
. .
*
.
.
.x
.
*
- . :.
. .- .
that proper operator, guidelines, using existing g_ . _. . .
,
w.. - . - - . . . ins *m[ tation
.
is sutticient for** detez:xintng '
.
-- * -
- .
-
. . . . ..
degree of sub-cooling.'- (Pa - ge__42, memorandum .
,, __ q - .
.
.
for wastinghouse). ..
-
cm w =sfon finds frca ths.- censtantly .
.
- -
..
.- .
. changirg positions of Westinghousin.. that it would ,
'
. ..
l .
. not acWe to ITsarstc's rec-rd-*'an 15 said ,
.
I reccmaendation would. involve a chanse in ita ,
. .
. design. If Westinghouse would ag=ee, it passes ,
.
on the obligation to NPC. Was W g)cuse's revised *
,
' . --
. Positicn! in,.its .wnnor. .and:=a
.
. ,
.. _ _
fo13Mre'e* . ..
.
.t- he enig - . .atic Pattern, ,,,,* x x,x _as , new des.f.gn c=1*-=-+ s ara esta- .
-
. .
.
,
blished, systems wfIl be exa:nined_'Es. de+ =-< n.
- .
. .
.
complialnce and rer -ndations..will' b'e made to_
. . . -.
-
-
.. , ,
MPC for their_ action" (p . ,17umescdandust. for .
. . . .
. 6 - t e-EPC) . On top of all these, shoed 6. EPC de<-ide to ,
. . _ , . _ . .. ,- .---
inccrporl ate any safety for operational 1:ro:c'e --- ..
.
,
- mene.s developed after its initial eperatics,* *
. . . . _ . _ _ _
, ,
=
wastinghouse will be willing to .inatall the ,-
-
same hub always on the basis of prevaillnq ceur- , '. marcial rates (p. 53, Wandum fo_r Westing-- . Souse).' As shown earliar, Westi=g use. r.ade . for the record, enlicit and definita anst= notions of liabi,lity when it ecses to additional safe-
' '
1
, guards even 1" these would cost as *much as_ -
.
,
.
350 =*14*on. These centradictory stands of .
-
. .
.
.
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.- Was**mchduse l
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.c...-
.
itscredibility.
- - ,
.
,.
.
'
y cannot with certainty ans., peace of mind - I
. ~ assure the safety of Westinghouse,'s designed I
. .-- nuciaar plant. The forty-one (413 problems or N % -C +10
-
..
~
A j Gtc..ry A .-
- - 'I
'
unrasolved safety issues sub:nitted in a report by '(.sen. ~~ EG,
,
.6 fd* p. IS) r.o Congress (?xhibits She. 48-A, ':'aHak
.
.
Us mtc ,
. '
*
-
u- , advers< sly affect WestU.nghouse minnfactured nuclear -
,
'
plants , The appe.ndix to said .m. eport describes
-
t_' . .
-
-
some of the problems as investigated by USNRC
-
l .+ expertA as followns. ..i] . , o
"
*:lirassurized water reactor s'a== '
gonarator tube integrity can be. .
-
' degraded by corrosion induced .
- vastage, cracking, reduction;'in
. .',".2
.~.,.. ,"*
?. vibration
.the tube diameter (danting) and induced fatigue cracks.
-'
-
, -
e primary concarn is the capa-
. b 11ty of degraded tubes to male-tain their integrity during norvuil -
,
. ration and undar accident condi-
,t (LCCA or a =ain steam line b sk) with adequate madety sa.rgins. -
--
-
.
'
- Welstinchcuse stcazs generator..' tubes .
*
, b.wa sus:ered degradation dua. to
- -- - -
w astage and stress corresten crack-
. .
" .,5 , . ~. d.; ..,, - in . Both types of degradatioc'havu
'* - '
,
-
.. *Fc-
-
1 n naminally ar=asted, h w, degradation due to denting which inads to primary side stress cor=osion cracks is ' the major p=chle.m at present, .and thD principal focus of this technical '
- activity.' (p. A - 3/1) ,.
*
. .
s'- ?- . *A. Licensee (3) of Westinehouse_ (w) - I.._,..'..,---
*
. Eublear Facil.iaies
. , . . ~. .
.
- -
~
.? -
At present all W planes experiencing
!.: . '
-
tube denting v1T1 he monitored for .
*
- .. .
1 . .
- - . *
.. . .
.
.
. . . .
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s, ~U' , Qe ]$ .
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-
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.
* *
. .
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.
' .
. . . .
the procrass of Anati.%. Each licensee
'
vill s"-t t an analysia. of the ccuse-
-
quences of tube denting on . tube inta-
,grity and demnnstrate'that adequate
.
.
- safety margins exist for continued saf e operation. The ?.2rkey Point and Surry licenseem v111 be cicaely moni-
.
tored relative to steam generator
'
-
replacement." , (p. .A tjJ/9) -
. .
.
"Recent events at d.1 stone 2 Turkay 1
.
.
- Joint 3' and 4, and In U.an Point 2 and '
,
- 3 involving the offsits> mewer avstem-have providad additionaJ. indicarMG
'
that the reliabilitr of the err.f erred rsenne of e sreencar ocwar may oe ']., lL less than what has. been expected._ A study is needed to assess casa matter.' -
* ;
(p. A-35/1) ,
*
. .
*.
** :.
The Turksy Point and Surry plants are Nesting- ,
.
. : 1ouse designed nuclear powek plants. .
- The letter of A. Schwebcar, Chiaf, Operat= '
' * -
. . .s
.
,' . Ing Reactors Branch, Divizica <;>f Cperating Re-
'
actors, Nuciaar Requistory r*-4 salon to Mr.
- f.
- I George T. Berry, General Manager and Chief .
l .
.
2ngineer, Power Authority of the State of New ,
.' Tork dated May 12, 1979 (Whibit 76, TaEad's) ,
. . ..
; . . .
'
i
-
,
*
,
dis like. wise rawmling of..'. the inherent weakness
-- .
. . as to the safety of Westinghouse reactor cese.
'
i
'
*
', knents. In said letter of.Iwh* h is an appraisal s o r review of the licensea's]respenses to Bulletins -
i
'
of'USHRO, the lat'ts ce==manted ' that: i
*
- "The Westinghouse abrice_ is *
,
. prescriptive cn rosettine of the
.
* .
- .
-
.
C.
.
- -
-
II3 . 21
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-
- . .
- . . 1
- 2
.
.
.
-
.
_ -
.
.
- high pressure injectica systa:n and
- inecaplete as to the need for keep-isy b e reacecr, coolant'pu=ps run-
-
~
-
- --
g, n
.
.. .g.
.
'I' x x It' is clear that' there are a
.' . . . .
significant number of t=ehMeal issues
- yet to be resolved for a large nn- %e ,
*
.
_ of Westinghouse operating plants." .
*
'
*
'x x x To resolve the 1.asuas described '
above in a proept and expeditious :sanner, we believe there is a m- ellino need_
-
.
- to es*=hlish an cwner's aroue We expect for Wes-tinchouse coeratina ol2nes_.
*
- that such a group wou.1ds be needed for the remainder of calandar year 1379.*
In the reply-=escranda of Westinghoksse, the -
,
.
.
,
I at:tention of this Oc=:sissionf.1s called to the ' -
.
i - fl et that F.x.hibi:s 76 - 39, inclusive, which have
,
-
-
f b,een attached to the me= cran'a uza of the nataan "
,
i i
-
IBP Panel, were not for: sally sub:nitted, hence, -
, . .
i In this s tu:ns.1d, not be given due' cenaide. ration.
.} ..~ .
.
.
,
r sport, we have nevertheless; taken public notice l
.
of and used Exhibits 76, 98 N d 88-A because i ey are in the nature of public and official l 1' docu:sents. As a fact finding body, this ccm ,
,
. l salon would and shou.1d disregard technicalities E procedure if only to abrib at the truth.
!
- - It will be recalled that as early as Feb- .
.
I l . rtiazf 13, 1978, Daniel P. Ferd, Executive Director
; .
-
i l
; - of the Union of Concerned Scientists wrote Pre-
.
!
.'. .
sident l Yerdinand E. Mar =ce calling the latter's . . .
-
-
-l . - .
. * .
t . . -
' .
-
I= a . - ,1 ... :
-
-
. .
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. .
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e.
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-
.
-
.
'
-
.
'. i . .. -
'-
,. .
h- attantion to an independant.$ review carried out .
.
. . , . . .
- -
by said organizatien on. the.' design of Westing- . .. .
*
.
. . .
-
house of the Sataan Nucisar';PotJer Plant. It is
, 1
. i is considered judgment of the scienti.sts 'that
. C.. ..
<:. ~4
.
-
the Bataan Plant ncy under construction la
. . . .-
p '
'
lagued by poor design a:ia'.:.,#..hasty engineering" .
,
.,
.
' . IP. 24, Ezh. A-1, Wes+f W "). Among the major d e s N.
. !
*
. ' ..
4 g, J ainbjects I reviewed are the. structural integrity of -
' -
- the reactor prasaurs vessel.hnd primary eco14.ng . I stem piping; asercenev .co=s . coolf.acr svstem - -
-
(tCCS) capability; reactor. Snzt unantstion and
,
-
'
.
;
control systams; auxiliary feedwater control b- .
-
'
aratems; steam generator t=bs cracJcing and corro-
'
'
ef
,
.
.cn, critical pc=p and valve perfczmanca capeb1-
.
'1;.cies, and the like.
Atter a rev' iew had been
- - -
.
j-
,
egnducted
-~4 by the U.S., National R_egulatory C:= mats-
,
.
-
sl.cn , it is r..spo.. rt.e.d_ _that US.!GO h.a.s .. ordered. the
, , . _. ..
. _ _ . .
,
temporary clos ure.
, . . .... of all Westin.ghouse plants in
... .
.
the U.S. because it is the only fix:n supplyfng
'
--.-.
..,. . .. . . .
, g .. . - . . - - . . . . . . . - -
-
- nuclear reactcra that does not' hutve adequato . .
' .. l . - - -
...,r-. *~
.
.
ene.rge.ncy.e.. . . . .Ming syst.em (Report No. 857-
....... . . ... . , .
-.
. - - . . ... . . . .
.
79 from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dated.
-
,
.- 5 november 1979). 2. .
.
} .
~
.
..
.
.
.
,. on .the .w. hola...va find. that .. ;w the preponenem
.
- ..
,
.
. .
-
-
have . net sufficiently shown. tha.t .the present
.
.
, .. .. . . . . - .
).,
,
-
design of the Batman Nuclear.-.*.P.ower . Plant can
, , ,
-.
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. .
,
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-;
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. -
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- a - 23 ..
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-
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.
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. . .
-e
_. - - .. - .. . . _ . - . - - . - . _ .
.- .
.
a, ns
- -
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-
- . .
r .
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. -
.
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.
-
.
'
. , . ,g,uarantee
. ~ .-..- - -
ag'ainst repetition,o.f the _ _ _ _ , , ...... Ot3 ac- W u. . Wis Cer=sission must ascertain itself on 'tha 3
*
.
c luestiono[ safety,ina~" as the President
,
' himself stated in his letter to the Chai.w. ,
.
i : bat "x x x this is a rasponsibility squarely
-
. .
' ,
resting on our conscienca, for 'it concerns the - .
.
- .x <
wifare not only of this., generation, : but others
.
.
.
<
- n come*: that "we can not .tafford the inerest -
doubt where the future of as anti,ra nation is 1 concerned" (Document No. 6-A) . -
*
.
.
- 5.-
.
We are, indeed, appellod by the frequency .
.
of accidents in nuclear reactor ecwer plants
-
e
-
neluding those designed bh.- Westinghouse (2xhi- . % bit 21-A, Bataan) . For one, the auclear acci- . dent is 34enaw, Switz adan4. a=umm end frem minilar causes (M' kit 71-A, TsHadN) attributed to the .
.
TMI inciderat. The M 4=sdon canno+ svoid r* W
.
public notice of them. If these nuclear imei- . dents prove anything, they show that nuclear .
.
-
-
- ytants. are not 'fsilurs-safa. Consider the ad- .
*
.
' gmitted fact owned by Westi..ghcuse _
-
_ ~ . . .. that the.
,_
Philippine Bucica: Pcwer Reactor Plant is an
-- - . - __._.. .
. . - - . .
' -
old design;, Westinghouse admits that "x x x
-
l'
-
.
- . . -
for PNPP-1, the code affsctivity date has _.
-
, t.
..
centrset. sally established as October,1973.* 4
.
.
.
,
.
. .
,- .
-
' . z:3 - 24 .
.
e . N-
- . -%C - . ..
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-
lp.11, hrandum for Westinghouse) . If this
- . . .
-
da so, then said das,ign dossi not have the bene- - .
. .
fits as to the latest safety.my.stans of modern ( *b techno1cgy which changes qufta rapidly. A 1973 -
.
nuclear reacter des'Ign, fof"that =atter, would .. .
.
*
. t.
ippear out=cded by 1982 or. 2p' B3, the scheduled
-
. . :
.
, (ate of operation. ,
Another big problen, germans to safsty aris_es
- If and when an actual ameghq should happen in
" *
,
'
the Bataan nuclear plant. Accidents that develop
'
- ! n seconds or in ninutes as did occur in the .
s
.s
! T, tree-Mile Island require inneediata acti=n.
-
l
. 2 ssembling a group of experts frca abroad and. ,-
I '
.
transporting them to the.. PM,tippines will take
. , . - .
s everal dirs,3,'when the M lai. urgently needed
-
,
1a hm . In any event, ws: have to relv en our
.
. gn .
.
fevn team of'ca W i..si". . But we'can not understand
. l
-
_ey the ceabined housine facilities of the .
. ...u. :
slorkars and emolayees ar'e located in Bagae.
-
. .
.' .
- l -
2aenan, seventeen (171 k.ilex=eters awav.
. .
c .. . l The proponents tried to; exp1 min that the , ,
-
; -
. .
~
'
complex housing area was constructed in 3agac, , j - ;. ,- . Baennn because it was origina:lly the sita chosen-l
'
. .
.
.for the Bataan Nuciaar 'Rmactne Power P2. ant;
,
. . . . .
* *
. at since it was already excavated, levelled,
-
. . .
. .
"
'
II3 - 25 I'. -
- s. .
. . .
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Ob .
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and sc=e of the houses were .'itiready constructad,
'
-
. I P .
ItPC would save substantial "dxpenses in not having
% const=uct a new housing area. -
-
. . - The ar A-ation is a poor excuse considar-
.
.
. .
~
*-
f.ng that the safety of the plant is 'of more para- . .
,
. .
"
*
, zount iw'm. Logically, it is prer.aturn to have developed a housing area when the most
' *
-
.
,
.
..
a cceptable site had not yet hn selected. ters i . . ' d a evidence that the pattern both in the . United
.
- g. . .
3 tates and Europa is to c= net:act the houses of .
..
. ,
hey men adjacent to the pcwer . plant. H e purpose
.
- Ca that in case of any inc9at, cones =ted action
- ~.
- can be inada available espeed=11y by the technical
.: ..
-
, experts needed. The tsaan of. t==uble-shooters m2st
.
. .
.
,' ,
*
-
always be on the spot to avo;f.4 a major catast=opha.
'
. 1 La s
.
. . Ttiis/not the situatien in Bataan. ,
. ,
,
f
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*- C. QUESTIes No. 2. wso ARE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL C2ERATE TEZ E.ATAAlf HUCLEAR PLA.NT AND WHA: ARE THEIR QU.U,E*ICATICNS7 .
-
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.
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- n fairness to the proponents, .tt : rust be , -
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,
said that the selection'and training of highly skilled ran pcwer sta=ted since 1976. In - - an
.
open ecmpetitive recruitment er=Ntion, . . .
,
.
1,240 applicants took the initial tests cen-
. . ' ducted by ,the National Pcwer . ; '. -
Corporation of , ,
.
.
.
,
which 812 passed. Aftez other tests conducted .
-
,
by engineers of NPC and'an independent psycho.-
- . .
.
logist-consultant, the ut=mber of 812 aspirants was t=1:nmed down to 173. . C. .'. .
-
Part of the training is the " Pressurized
' Water Reactor Course. The first batch of
- ' operating personnel ec= posed of 39 engineers
'
had undergone both curses.' *n tile further t= sin-ing has been centinuing here at hcme, already a. top manage:oent group of 121 left on June 12, 1979 for the Westinghouse 7.uclear Training
.
Center in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ,
,
In the overall training program, Westinghouse
. vould train 187 trainees in 16 different disci- .
p11nes, The trainees have to ::saster an exceed-
' *
- ingly ccmplex systes run by inst ::sentatica. .
A mcment of inattention can cause enormous da:tage
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For the_ .. - f.i.r..st e.i.ghteen ,(13] =caths of initial
-
.o.2*. ration of the.Bataan Nt2cisar Reactor Plant,
-- - -
.
Whnght:nas.e men with.711thino trained empicyees.
. -
of the NaHT }_ Power. Corporation will man the
.
. . . . .
pMat. Westingbonsa, say, give. an additional ten
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(:.0) nonths period to tra.in .and help the Filipino
.. s . . t.
c:igineers ha#tw= laaving operation of the plant
.
er," aly to Filipino hmnd=- P.cwever, *cnce ,, a .
-
ccnatruction and performance testing are cca- . p eted and PNPP-1 is accepted try NPC, cci=mercial es:eration of'PNPP-1 beconnes the respons1bility of
." (p.11, Memorandum for, Westinghouse) . This
-
pensition of Westinghouse is -=^== unfair. For.
.
- ,
-
ei;;hteen (18) months, the Filipino a .. .. ___ _.
.......-
operators.. weald-
- be under Westinghouse =en. Sappose an incident
,
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- - . . . . .. . . . ..
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..
sh6uld happen due to hunan er=cr of the trainer
-
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- .... . ... .- . . . .- -. . -
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just and equit.abJ e that NPC alone y,puld shoulder .
.
3...........--...... the
.-
responsibility for the ensuing da:nages? p......-. . - . . . _ . . . . . . Should
,
no t Westinghouse be responsible for its training.. ..
. . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . .. - .
, _.. .
sumff? *
-
,
.
.
The Philippine Atcmic Ena.937 Ccestission
.
(PAEC) has assured us that it would carry out
.i .
I its plan to station at the plant round-the-c.icek
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- rained axperts of the regulatory body. The
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reguIetion would permit ytplation of the ~
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trols of a facility only by persons holaing
,
. . . nn operator's permit _ at that- fac411ty. Only a f tar passing a written av=htien and operat:- -
._. t> .
.
*
'
.ing test prescribed by 'P2xc =h=" an cperator i
1:e issued a.licasse. Unlike in the United States where high school, graduates may be- , i supervisors and/cr operstars, those in the NPC undergoing tralaing abroad are all Bachelor. I of Science in Engineering,gradustes. Extra . I assuranca is thus given tha 'Batsan Nuclear Re-l actor Plant' of battar cualified operators with d Lverse ranges of required expertise in power generation, i environmental protect 3.cn, engineering
.
and cons L ..:.ica' , and of quality assurance in ,
'
-
m.nnagement and administratica.
. . .
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-
It is not correct to say that the 7111pino
.
<. arigineers WM3ia~t:ained.caly in simulators s
.
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. 1 ard not in actual operation of nuclear. reacter
*
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. p.lants. This C:maission 'I.nquitred into this
.
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matter and found that while the trainess would indeed iniM=?b train on s % W.cs.3, thoseafter
,,
w'ould be . ad to pass cert. ads testa I and av=Maticas and ebtain a license in the
-
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United States. With the resqui=sd licensef 6 hey C . .
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Would
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than he allowed under.- dn.ited Stat es laws
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to work.in a nacisar reactor p1 Ant. It t6ua
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aults that the people who 'will operats the .
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Bataan Nuclear Pcwcr.' Plant would not cnly be . trainees but would have been duly licensed _
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N'r'TDENT SE1ILAR ':0 n.s TEEE-* TILE ISLAND IMC10:01T IN T.::::; BATJLLN NUCLEAR
.r POWER PLANT, W.AT ICSCU_ -<, SOTH
-
- SCIZhT:O'IC NID I:TUU m.IAL. .b'12 AVAIT- '
ARLP TO P!C.V"IT CONT 2. 17"'"ICN OF THE
.
- SURROUNDrJG APEAS MiD AT.OSPEERE AS_
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WTL AS TR2 F**,CPLE r.~.Z31CII~.G THIRZAT7
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WHO WT'L Poll 2iC3 /C..P.Jsv J ;E FACILITIES
-
- TO PR'rYENT C-.J.htIidis. TICS NTD HOW MUCH
.
hCULD IT COST? IiRO leTT L PAY FOR THE .
- DAMAczS. AND COSTS 7 g. . . .
.
.-
The Philippha 1Wc Energy Ccm=ission ex uld
.." . .. '
ruquire the Ra*' M Power.,I ,,cra+ dan to incer-
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porate in its Final Safstr Aeslysi.s Report pricz.
.
.
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to the issuance of the license to~ operate, an I
.
.
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l Mind =u:n regnL-amants for v
-
amargency action plan. .
- 6 sdchemergencyplanshouldincludes .
.
.
.
a) organization for cepirsg with rad.iat1on -
.
.
.
.
energencias, .
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b) p'recedures for notifying the public and.
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other protective seasures, ,
,
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I c) emergency first aid and personal decon-
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*='"= tion p=ncedures, and : '. ' , *
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di provision for' training employees. -
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.
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In the position paper of the Etnistry of , He sith, an cr-s*" =tiona!. ~pahta=n of the action -
'
*
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D* wg of the Radiatica . He m.lth Offica'~c= sated under PD 480 is the head of all coordinati=g tsans with the Chief Radiation
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Patectimercitirm who voeid act in the absence
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of the Directer, Each. Health Physd.cist Team
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isi composed of one Sanier health physicist, or
. .
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. health physics technicia.n and an sida. A r.edical *
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ta su is also provided for 'w:O.1 ':h.their duties enu= ..
.
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marated in the. action plan. 'Aside from medical
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t- - W Vgists, the. Bio-Medical Engineering Team .
.
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and Liaison officers,.the. plan,would entirely
"
Inlvolve the 2arangay Cap *=f n= 'The Ministry of , Eenith would be acting in close collaboration with- - i ..-~..
- the Philippine Atcmic Energy C ' =sion and, c4 I
course, the National Pcwer Corporation, t$e ('~-
.
l operator of the Nuclear Planh, to carry out an . I evacuation plan and relative energency procedures . . t I fos areas s u ea ding the Bataan Nuclear Potrer Plant. All these agencies are preparing their , o i respective budgetary layouts for such emergencies.
. .
,
This f** =slen finds. the plans ah m ticusa
-
noteworthy. But it must be said in passing that .
. - -
.
-
at. the Three-Mile Island Incident, hundreds of the ,
. .
be:st scientists and experts esmo from the large number of peopla in the 115enI5ee(* crganizntion, < .
,
.
. thin state ed P.ennsylvania; the. NRC, other Fedaral ,
, _ , . . .
, . , . . . . . . .
and Stata , agencies, and 1.**+_- y v.wsps.
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Col- . p . lectively, they triad to maintain and 1.amve the ,
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esnditions in the armas affected. Can we say that at
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p resent. *yy.% hs..cczne, we can have
-
s' :r.h extenslve variety of resources, and the depth aad breadth of A=arican tech = ology?
-
It behooves
. l
. N:t and PAP.C to mai:itain tha. highest degree of ,
.
eW a m-= and dedicatics in.;1ts ampicyaes for
.. ,
this perious and delicate tazic.
. -
- i. ..
In case of nuclea= a'ecidents, the *= ages and
,
co sts will be shouldered by SPd.. ?cm this purpose, N2C has been organising a Ph511ppina Muclear Insu.
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- =mes Tool with, the Govermeent'. Sc.vice Insurames *
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Sfstem as lead insurar. It La PT = M to naks
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m es insur nc. ,ouci.s edrectiv. ,rio= en ts.
.
arrival of the fuel assa lf== in the Philippines
. . ... "
. .
set for Feb. w. 1982. 8
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-
Cn the limitation of liabd11ty of the instal-
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-
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lation operator, our law (Sec. 42, Republic Act Mc. 5207, as amended by PJ. N.1484 , provides,
. tbat. 'the 1#'m f ty of the ins11 at1cn cpebtor
. .
. .. .
for nuclear damage under this Act shall be limited to an amount in Philippine pesos which
.. is equivalent to five million' dollars, 'Cnited * , , * *.
- states cu:-rency, for anyone nuelaar _ incident,
-
-
ex. ::1usive of interest er cesth which may be -
, ..
i - aw arded by tNa Court in acticus for 7nsation
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f lisi.larly, the lla II1ty of'the Republic of
<ty Ag:deenents with
-
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the Philippines on N .
.
- contracters or suppliers of. goods or services -
'
for <us I atemic energy facility. has been limited
. ' .
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.
to us$120 =f111on.
.
This is contained - in, Pre-- :
- .
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- side: tial Decree No.1484 which'.took effect on .,
. .. .
11, 1978. Said decree in part amends see-
. .
June ,...c. . .
.
tien 52 of Repub11ch'.Wo. 5207.; and which reads 2 . . , i
- .
i Section 52 is hereby
/section amended5. by the addition of a new a -
paragraph which shall read as fol- .
.
' lows: t c . . . .
*THE REPUsLIC CF TEE. PHEIPPINES -
-
fCTING THROUGH SCCH CFFICSR AS MAY BE pSSICNATED BY THE PRESIC' NT" SHALL ENTER
'
LINTO AGRNS OF INUS:5IFICATION WIT.E . ICONTRACTORS OR SUPPLIS35 CF'. GOODS OR
%ERVIC FOR AN ATCHIC "mW FACILITT , .
CWNED CR OPZ3ATOD BT TH3 GCWESIN. ITS AGENCIZS, INST 3CMENTALITIES OF COR- - lPCRATIONS CWNED OR CChTRCLLSD BT N
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.
, GCVERNMENT PURSUAsT To WEICS THE GOVERN- -
-
. .- m AGREES 20. hW .ITY AND HOLD SUCH .
! CONTRACTORS CR, m . N EA3MLESS FRCM
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ANY LCSS CR ? "*M ARISING CUT OR IN RELATICN TCL A SCCLEAT I3CI~'.NT OCCURRING
-
Is THE PhTrEP""'J INTN OF THE YIILD .
.
. CF THE INSU3tANCS -V DCr2EVER,OR CT322 THAT N HE3EIN SUCH 1 SET FORTE,JP h - -
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INDEMNITT SHALL I:s NO' CASE Z%CZZD THE
! AMCCNT OF PRILIPPI3tE PESCS WHICH IS .
zouIVAI a : To Czz- w m ~ w nu- - -
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- Even before the plan for 15surance pool shall - .
c have matahalized,1nsuranced trend in the U.S. is
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- wed obserring.
.
Mr. 51:sens of Westinghouse . L , l admitted that hemeevners' policies bar clafss .
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N. mo re than the limited 1#=W 4ty of $560 ~#11 fen . .
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Insurers feared tlat'damags claims could h="ir'upt
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in'::rsase,. it is because'of. tha'mora 22um 100
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1 nn::loar plants new operating.* and veuld hereafter , .
- operata. The Price-Anderson 1ct, as a - Mad, 1
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,@,y .7 al . the. -"M. of. $560 *4'14en to inersaae as -
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also increases. Each utilityTwith, an operating ". .
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re.sctor zust' pledge $5 =d 1 Hon U.S. to cover
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. / Tf . yatantial liability c1='~ by. the puh11e dus to .. 1:". , :,':
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accident .at any one siaciaa7 plant (Exhibit M-
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S- in'ersase liability coverage in favor of .potestini l- ,'- -
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-with a view to iscrease this ccversge is thus
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CUES?TCN MO. 4. ARE WE EXCHANGING WITH
.
'
E. OR OBTAINING IM70RMATION C3 NUCIEAR SAFE- .
. GUARDS FRCM OW.ZR COUN'i'"'.IM_LIKE THE
** UN.ITED STNI""S TH200GE I':S 1.'.X*. IZAR REwLA= .
'
TCRY CO.'CtISSION C2 m I:r:*nNATIONAL A'ICMIC E!w sii CC' '*.ISSIC t %HICH OR E W LT - PP%'tMENDED TE3 ESTABLISH."121T OF THE
- BATAAlf NUM
- u PCW2R 7LAAT IN 19617 WHAT ARE THE MA.XIMUM AliD MINIMUM ACCEPT-ABLE SAFZGUARDS TO PRZVENT ' KUCI. EAR CON =
- TAMINATION7_
.
i.
.
.
,
- In its position paper, the Philippine Atossic .
Energy --af salon admitted thai: it is receivi.ng , .
- inf or: nation on nucisar energy mattars, parti-
, cul arly cn health and ' safety pichlems related ,
-
- to power reactor. Under the 1968 Bilateral k .
,
Agrsement between the Repchlic. of the Philippines
'
and the U.S. Gevermment, exchange of information ~ I
-
.i. *
- on'the. civil ases of nuclear anergy and related .
-
ma ars is provided for. The USNRC has been ~ fm-%1shing PAEC through the U.S. E:hbassy in
. .
la, ceptes of its builatin. and day-to-day Isauances on develocements regarding the "2tI inci-
.
der't . PAEC also used . to_ recafve from USNRC infor- ,
'
- mation or news releases ca' Regulatory Guides and .
.y . . ... g. . ,
. , -
- coe,as . : . .' . .'M ' .-
'
--
. . . } ..' '
. ',
As :ne:nbeE country of the' International Atomic Eno rgy Agency, the PhilippiseN' through PAEC haa
. .
'
'
. . . .
, ~
been a recipient of IAEA Bulletins, technical '
,.
11 cations including these on nuclear energy.
.
. *
- II2 = 1. ,.
. . .
.
. . .
,
.
.
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.A.d.d..it.-.ionally, .
.Westi. . . .
.ngho..u..s.e. has been droviding .
PAEl:,, topical,, reports, to aldr it,in understanding.
.
- the
~ . ,
design _and. analysis. of westinghouse ... pressurized .
, ;
watar_ reactors. Safety "updatss' by experts i
-
7 invslved with licensing U.S. plants are also pro-
,
.
-
. < ;. g. .
-
vided by Westinghouse,to give s.P. M opportunity to < dis =uss licensing problems is' the U.S. ':'hase state- , I ments of PA2C and Westinghouse on the obtaining ,
*
.
.
- s. .
of linformation on nuclear safeguards have not been , , I disputed by the other parties /. ., participants.
.
..
.
,.
- On part 2 of question No.14, as to maximum
.
and4 mini =um acceptable standards to prevent nuclear -
'
. .
con bamination, all PAEC. couB. Say in a general way ,
' ._ x . a , . . . . .-. -
-
is that.. y ama designed on a defense-
'
in .tepth, mult1 barrier concept, hence, there would , , I l be an extramely Icw probability of any radioactive.
. rel ease frem happening; and th_at:, the design is .
,
- i. .n .
accordance with acceptsSle,~ standards, codes and . ,
*
, . . .
..g.
-
_ ,
* *
- reg 11atory guides. . .
.
' -
. .
,
On its pa22,..a.. the Ministry' of Health, .as herato'-
.. . ..
.- .
fors stated, has . set, up azi. orga::nizational plan . 9 , ..
- whi ::h shall be carried out' by l th Radiaticn Health cff Lee ot' the Ministry of Health in coordiantion
.
witA PAEC. On the limitation o. f activity releases, .
;
' the Ministry of Health sutzmitz'.that: 1) an agreed *
*
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desa , limits shall be respectied[ and 2) all ,' . doses should be kspt as low as.is readily ,
,
evable; that an acuta ' radiation injury
. . .
. ,
is tot caused unless the radiatiica dose excceds
- . ..
.- some hundred rads in a single diose, .and much
'
. . .:
.
higliar values if tha ccposura 1's' prelenged over . a period of years. The Ministr!y of Health then
'
,
ata s that 'inasa:uch as the pc aihility that , l expc sures might be received,,unc5er a much wider . I variety of conditions and cirear. stances, it is I i
,
impcsalble to iay down any re-~9ation for *
,
.
'
action levels that would genera 11y be applicable. .
.
- Ttina , except for the organizational plan outlined by the Ministry of Health, NPC ,and PAEC, no deft.
I nita standards, maximum or afhfiin::n, have been * *
.
'
shown to prevent nuclear conh =fration. The
-
I *
- reason can also very well be as aptly stated 2.y
.
.
. .n .
.
U.S. secretary of Health Josepen,A. Calipano, Jr.
. . .,..
'
during the investigation of the Three-Mile .Taland
.;
.
incident before the U.S. Senata Ccomittee on . .
- Heal'th 'and Scientific Research; .
.
.
'
*Even when the facts of radiation .
-
- exposure seest clear, the significance of those facts is often hard to deter- *
-
mine for scientific thee..y about radia- ,
,
tion is also bedeviled by uncertninty.* - .
'
Scientist aF yet, do not know precisely - how dangercus exposure to low level
- -
radiacion is. -
,
-
'
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- 9. WHERE. ECW, AND BY WRCM
*
- F. Cur 5TICM 190. -
WILL NUCLEAR WASTE SE DISPOSED OF AND
. WHAT ARE THE RISKS INVOLVED IN TtfE Disposal Psoccuaz?
.
.
' Anti-nuclear adherents base their strongest '
. .
are mt against nacinar reactorr power plants
.
en the problems of nucisar waste disposal.,
.
-
Sewral stacas have passed" laws prohibiting .
-
tr ansportation er disposal' of " radioactive wasta
.
wi@in the Stata borders (2xhibit 65-B, Tanada). . Even thcae f=cas the Pacific Islaruta reportadly ,
,
'
I refused to allow their ocean floors to be the . I - dumping ground of nuclear wasta.
-
. .
?
.
In the design for PNPP-1',a. provision has been -
*
- made for temporary secrage 'ohiy of used fuel ar.d
*
' ot ser nuclear wasta classified into:
- 1) the low-level wants which consists of bulky, slightly coots:sinated materials, such,as
-
rags,
-
e thing, industrial tissh, sweepings,
- l paper, gloves, with or 13 weak radioactivity; *
- 2) the zasdiu:a oc higliar level radwasta < , ,
cc lnsisting primarily of' process materials like
- re siss, filters and afficenti; and -
.
- 3) high level radwasts whicts consists of
.
radioa-tive elements contain.ed in the used or - l spent fuel rods. . - .
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The 1c4 to mediu:s level radwaste' will be
- redaced in volume, mixed with cement and binder, n.
and t. hen placed in 55-g=1 W steel .
-
.y -
drums. This
.
.
,
.
process would be done at greet'[erpense and Amni-I
- nent hazard to the personniel.',l'These
,
'.- , . :. . .. '. staal con- -
.
tai sers are then transferred to the storage build . . ing in the site "for _about a w before be.ing
.
- ..
shi pped to an .off-site stcragerfacility" (Doc. .
.
. . V . t
*
] operations,tha
'
,
.
.'.t. 16-A EPC). 'N W ,
Bat. san Nuclear Pcwer Plast would produce in one
"
f year alone from 800 to 1000 d b s' of 55-sellons s .
- of Low and medium level waste'. (p. 6, t.s.n., June
. !
29, 1979, 2:25 p.m.). Consifdaring that NPC has not. provided for an off-site storage facility. ,
-
'
,
for Icw-level waste, the crue;th'I-problem of . was/:e disposal will arisa after only a year of '
. t .
*
- normal operation. ac .
'
. z ,. ,
-
.
.
, '. .. . r.. .. . t.' . i .
.
- In the case of the'high-1sv41 waste .o.tr -
spent
-
,,. .
'
fue,L, the same is stored in the used fuel storage
'
building in the site. As,destyned, the spent
*
,
.
. .
fuel sterzga water pool for the Sataan Nuclear
, .. , , -
- Plant is 8 meters wide by 115.5.' meters long by
- f .
12.5 meters deep. The pit can allegedly accca- ,
. . . . . . ,. . .
- med ta storage of at least.15 to 20 years of ,
.. -
. .
;
/ soent fuel. According to Westpaghouse exporta, L . :7 . .
-
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277 - 2 .
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each spentfaalelementweighsjap'p.roximatai.y
-
'
*
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1,240 pounds and forty such element.s are re- 't
- .
. ,,.
.
. noved frca the. plant every 13 months. The total ,
. . ,
-
-
we14ht of the spmst fuel for one refueling in
,
i
"
24 u: ens. Thus, on the evargage', -hare weuld tie
.
- 16 ltons of spent fuel to be stored each year.
.' .
-
,) . *
. ':he spent fumi may also be. shipped to a re- ,
proceasing facility abroad foi" recovery of uranium -
- and plutonium and the tra." 1 of the high-level radvaste. Incidentally, the only reprocessing ll
~
- P ant in upstate New York ;'la .
acer
.y closed (Exh. 26-A,
,
Taf' ada). Ehren if reprocW
- the high level wasta -
.:.- .
produced fremt the reprocessing-are then compacted
- inin solid fern in glass or ceramics and returned f
from the reprocessing centar to the Philicpines
'
whers I the final burial or repositerf .. of thim .
'
- rw n=r-tive wasta vould be located I
.
- q in a salt or .
greits for:sation. It is not denied i... that nuclear
'
vai ste re=h= radioactive for thousand of vears.
.
. . . .- .
... . .
.
y. If not *mp
' ~
") 'the'*sperit fuel could
-=C.-
*
'
g remain in tho Nuel storage pit. If alrea&I filled, - l according to .Mr. 5%ns, another pit may be c=ststructed I adjacent thereto,' good foe use for i
- another 10 years, and still another for the ,
- -
*
.
next 10 years, until the MM l
.
m duration of a .
.
.
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TIF - 3 . ' . . . . .
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.py . . V. o J. e'. ca.}uk wlre.pd c -.4-: - .~l t
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.
. ,t. s.4,. O :e. ha a-nue Lear power ~ plant shall have'! lapsed.
'! / ,
~
The sta+a==nt is incorrect.' As stated above, - besides 'the high 1sval .vasta (the spent fuel) , ,
.
the re is the prcblem of icw and mediu:n level wasta
'
.
. .
whic must be transferred to ak'off-site storage afta one year. For one year alone, about 1000 , drums of 55 gallons have to be!' disposed of.' If ,
- . .
not disposed.of, the storage building would not be l :apable of storing the procImmed low level *
.
radioactive waste altar 4 years according to the
, c' .- -
F ' Wes':inghouse position paper (Doc No.14-A, pp. (.. 160-l161. Vol. I, Rec.).. EPC'edains that the *
. . . ,
.. : < . .,. -
-
-
sataan planti f's~'diapable of . hand 11.w low to medica
.
... .
d m d solid wastes for only."five years interim
-
'
J
-
,storace" (Exh. No. 16-A, p4 211, Vol. I, Rec. ) . .
-
-
- ,.
. . .q;.
.
.
-
. .
But this is not all. .
-
- : .
-
'
. : -
'
'DuetothedangeroushadfMandfrequent -
transfers alone of these icw, ~mediusa and high
,
1 eve ll waste, the plant s vulnershility to acci-
-
8
, ,
den::s cannot bu't be overemphasimod. ".here is riod of
**
con <rincing evidence that the longest
. sea 8b c
- L..
storage of high level waste isIfive (5) years, and
-
thisI spent fuel'would have to Se' solidified (Zzh.
"
l * ' 44 *adada) at enormous expense;ar:d deposited in *
'
.-
'
v scme other places. Where to. 18c' ate its final.
-
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rap <: sitory is uncertain. . .
-
.
'
. With raspect to high leve .wasta,' cur atten-
- s. - .
-
...,.
,tiot has been called to .an A3C. regu1stion in the Uni States that requiredI tl i2f:* high-level wastes
-
l . . .
- be solidified aftar 5 years' storage and shipped
. !.
to a federal rapository within 10 years. Said l
-
repository does not acw exist In he United $tstda (2r.h. 44-A, Tadada). Inthe.pblippines,oud* , I l' predicament is even more acuta 'as v113. fhh. he . show}n below.
' *
,
,
.
,
. *; *
.-
'
Since Sepes=har 1, 1976, the Pras1 dent by ,
,
'
- Administrative ' Order 'No. 389 created the Intar-
. h.' .
Agency Consmittae ccmposed of thi '*-f asiener of -
. .
- the hilippine Atomic Energy C=ismi.ssion or his ,
representative, as chad -* ant thN chs1.w. ,
"
Nati anal Se-4 anne.Devoicpeent Board or his rapte.
-
,
J
. . .
. sentstive, members the cc saiseloner of the Budget .
Or hLa representative, -Mr ',be Sacratary of
-
Indu.stry or his representat va me=bery and the
-
Director General, National Em7 c1 and Develop- ,
.
ment Authority or his representative, member. Af ter more than three years , ' this Inter- Agency Cem:n etee has not yet chosen the site or exact 1.mLon in the ,h111pp1mes vs re es. nuclear . I , waste may be storad.
..
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,
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- Nuciaag vaste cannot just be dumped at the
.
. . . . .
.
,
bott om o.f the see or buried deep.in.the land. The
. repcsitories must be of salt c= granite for: nation that, are self-sealing in the- svent of an earthquaka..
. . . . .; .
.
.. . '.' -
. 'According to the IAZA.Tacha hai Reports series
> .
. . ,
No. 177, appended to the Memorandum of NPC a3 4ttach-
..
ment , (d), there are two princip,al, reasons for con-
. .
,
sidering cartain geological formations as suitable . distcaable sites for radicactive wastee, r e ly- .
.
*i
'
(1) "They have existed irr an undisturbed form over very extended periods of
. time, up to many nillions of years. .. .
. There is a vary high .d.egree of pro- ,
bability that, among" thes, scoe will remain stable.in thes future
, for sw h- periods cit ti uz;
.
.
(2) " Locally, they can have large vol=: metric masses with no er negligible amounts of migrating groundwatar." (at pages 19-30).
-
.
*t
*
."ha'r e is adecuata proef
- t5:h"t for laek of .
* *
-
.- -
Q storage _of nuclear waste, ' the Esquia torv - Cc-mis- .
.
stor banned the operation of nacierg.: plants in
'
Louz tates of the United States (Pfxh , 13-A, *
,
Tadada). ,,
"he Philippine Atomid herVY C-4asion had de admissions thac 'x z :d the count" f being ~
.. .e '
sitvated in a volcasic belt, we cannot ensure .
. ,
- long-ter:n stability of the geo ic structures *;
.
- that "there is no known stable salt-rock. for:na.- ..
.
.
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.
-
ties in any of the islanda*h that,"for this rea-
!
.
son , our hopes for long tarz storage and ultimata dis posal of nuclear wastaa w.' il.1 be on the establish-
-
men b of an international burdal site" (Prospects
. .. ..
.
*and Problems of Nuclear Pcwer.I.n the Philippines by r. D. Ibe and C. E. Alata, Philippine Atomic
~
Energy Cc= mission, Exh. 25-Tanada). Cbviously, .
'
the eroblem of nuclear wasta manage =ent as "far as
..
the 3ataan clant is cencerned- ha's not ves bean .
,oLa.
'
-
1 -
,
.
., .
.
.
NPC would want to sidplify the serious prc~
,
.
blem of waste disposal by adv b ing bo'the IAEA-Te cal Reportu Series No. N7'which enumerates
;
l several, geologic forr.ations other than rock salt - I also auttable for disposal of solid high-leval .
,
l ' wastas (p. G-I-9, vol. 1, NPC')6ercrandt=n), NPC 4 . . . l ,
.- also places its relianca oc. the dissertation of
,
.
.
. Er::mato N. Media.cf 2AZC, ehmi - n of the "Intar- -
'
.
f - .?; ~
. .
-
A. gency (*r-ww=4 ttee on Radwesta F,acilit.y Siting.
. .. . .
- - p. .. . 4
.
.
*
.
Mr. Mefia claims that the coamittee . .,..
.
has found -
"
podsible sites in Palawan, ytm'm o, Karanglan, ,
-
l .
'
. Nueva Ecija, and in Aritsw, Dueva Viscaya, but ,
;
- thelse places should yet lie sub'jected to seismolo-
,
' g1 cal examination (p. 19, t.s.n. , August 29, 1979, - I :. - 3: 40 a.m.). -
-
. . .
. .
*
. .
II? - 7 .
.. .
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4
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.
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"
The totality of the evidence on the site ,
~
of <:he' waste repository does not prove that a si s.itable place has been found. Even Mr.
. 1
.'. Mejda admitte'd on interpellartida.that there
*
* - .
-
.
is no solution in sight to a pez:nanent disposal
- ..
. plan of auclear vastas, but he' is optimistio . .
' *
.
t.ha <: tachnology will develop a ' solution to ths ,
.
.
.
problem (pp . 13-14. t.s.n. , August 19, 1979, ,
... .
. 8:40 a.m.). In the light of the above admission .
and the damsging statenants of Dr. Aleta and Dr.
. Iba of PAEC, it is only fitting and proper that acontinuing study be furt!uar mada of possible , ,
j.
.
.
. . -; . .. .
mitas of nuclear waste in any of_our more than -
,
..
l , seven thousand (7,000) isbods. [,, -
.
,- = . . .- .
. 's. - .
9
+... -
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C. CUEst; tWao. %- risoet,yA rt'E
. ..
- ':.t.K AFTER THE
.
,
THREE MILE J ISLA'ID INCIDIr.% ON MARCH 23, *
- 1979, I or!CCTED THE MI:1ICTRY CP E:iERGY -
TO RECUIRE cSTINGHCCSE M SINO EX?IRTS TO THE PRILI? PINES TO 2XPLAIN DOUSTS Tv.AT BAVE ARIS.'*N ESPECIALLY IN THE MIND OF THE
-
' PRESID C2T ASCUT T.93 SAF2TT OF THE BATAAN *
-
NUCLEAR PC".dZR PLANT. CHY -EAS NOT WESTING-
.
HOUSE DCNE So UP To NOWt ..
-
, ,
-
. .
.
.
'
t According to the westinghouse Panel, Mr.
- Cordon C. Hurlbert, President (of Westlnghouse, , ,
.
received the 1sttar of Ministar Geronimo Velasco .
*
.
- dated April 11, 1979, requesting clarificatica ,
,
and assurance from Westinghou$e. Mr. Hurlbert
*
.
- sert the reply by lettar datect April 27, 1979
*
. an'd directed' tha Westinghouse experts to pecceed ~
.
.. .., .1 -
-
to the Philippines. It' tras only on June 22, 1979 -
,
-
tha t westinghcuse sent its panel of experts, Mealers. Moore, Sero, Call and 9.arro11, long aftar ,
,
,
the President of the Philippines had already .
,
- ereated this ccamiaaion by vM' ue of E:xacutive
*
*
. '.
,
Or No. 539 dated June 15, 1979. They
- pre-
. .
.,
ser ed the TMI-PNPP-1 informat$cn to the President on Friday, 22 June 1979* (p. 102, Vol. I, Rec.) . l
-
. .
.
- e. .
p.a,above facts have not been contested, g ,
. .
de=ccat=ste unwarranted delay. und lack of immediate -
'
-
. l concern over the safety of the- Bataan Bucicar Pcwer i *
- Plant under construction.
--
.
. .
.
,
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.
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. THE'SAFTFf 0F THE SI"3 . . ... .
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_
. . -:,t -
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- A. BASIC CCTSTTOWS, ISSUES, unDNS A.W
-
. Arn:czoeris . . .
-
T:.- ..
-
-
. s.
.
. .
- A.1 SASIC CU2STIONS . .
-
.
.
-
. . .
'5. In. case thera should u an earthquake .
.
.; . .
si::d lar to the one that hit WW-a in August . .
,
,.
1977 , which was of 7.2* Intassity on the Richter
?
sca] e, will the Bataan Nuclear Tower
- Plant be
~
.
*
'
ablai to withstand the shock wit:hout leak or ~.
.
.
- .
. spillage resulting in nuclear con +==4 nation?
. z..
.
,
. Can it withstand a.JF4. -
.. aiinami cr* n.#4^ml vava caused . .
.
' by earthquake of tactonic criqin sd="T** to the ,
,
tsun ami that h' i t M'aA'- is. August 19777 ,.
,
.
,
"6. Is the ,Bataan Kccioad Power Plant . , .
- a
... .
located in a fault-:Es5'Buhrh*is surface? ,. -
.-
. .
l
*7. What is the histerf of earthquakes .
-
in ' e pa. rticular site of f.he Bataan ; .. Nuclear -
'.
Power Plant?" st..
.. i. . .
-
'
- - ., ,.
i "
.
The above qrseted questions. 'fs Lattar of -
.,
.
.
Instruction No. 876, which the C-4 =sion has
'
been directed to obtain ansvers.to, all deal ..
-
,
'
with the safety of the si' a selected for the
"
,
-
.
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.
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..s..
.
..s., .
.. ... a ....;
.
construction of the Bataan Ndelaar. n .
. . . . - - - - . . -- - - Power Plant -
solely from the point of view '.of seismicity.
^ -- -- -
-
, -4 y .:. - . . . -, .
Cugstion No. 5 asks if the Bataan Nuclear Power
-
.
*
.
- Plant can withstand an ea:Ehquake, of 7.2 inten-- ,
.
sit y on the Richter scals. ', T!ie second sente[ race of the same question refars to a +1d=1 wave or
'
-
.
, , .
tsunami that can he caused by such an earthquake ,
. ..
'
l ,
-
of tectonic origin. While Question No. 6 refers
- .
i .
'
!
-
to the probable axistence of a fault in the earth . I *
.* : ..
surface, the estaria11ty of sinch finding is only
- with respect to fanits it being the most natural
. setree of earthquake. Question No. 7 expresses l a '
.
; cor cern about the probability'of earthquakes in
-
.
I -
'
Bataan am dea ntaA from s4 =" events-in the -
.. ,
i
. l - -
past. ,
.
.
-
- ..
l .
-
,
I ,
- Consi.tering that Executive Orde No. 539 ,
' _
.
- *' - *
! - dizocts the Commission to .cctaduct as inquiry
- i . '
j
'
on the safety to the publ4c of the pnpesed -
.
'
i ne1==* plant *, the Coamsismica looked into other
. . .
I factors that could affect t. tie suitability of the
.
m. l [ . site of the plant i' rem the; point of view of ,
'
-
;.
i - safety considerations. - It recalved evidence
- -
-
., s. .
-
.I . not only on the aattd: of the'effect of 'carth- .
,
, ' t *
. .
j quakes at or near the plant, but also on related . .
-
. IIIA .2 , h . .
- .
- -
- -
- . .
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-
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. :; -~- As . .
, .
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V mat- .ars,suchas,thegeo1Nicarfeaturesofthe
.
-
.
. .
.
.
plant site, its nearness to popula. tion.centurs,.
.. '. and the danger pose.d.by. nearby volcances.
s
-
.,
,
.
,e m . . . .,
~
.
A.2 THE SITE LOCATTON OF-lTHT BATAAN NUCLZAR POAZRrPLANT .
-
* -
.
w.
': y
.b .
-
.
.
. ..
' Aftar an extensive analytical investig'ation '
.
by @e agencies involved, it van decidad by them -
.~.- '
'
-
to nst=uct the nuclear plant.at Napot Point,
.. ,
.
a small peninsula about n kilcaster long and 4tJO
.
to 100 meters wide, located on' the West Coast of
.
Bataan province, and within ,thE jurisdiction of .
.
the town of Morong. There ara.]two major volcanic
' s.
'.
.
conurs nearby, Mt. Natib voicisnic cestplex about -
. .
.. .
- 4
.
9 loss . northeast of the s'ite, and Mt. Mariveles, -
-
.
.
,
l
. approximately 22 )c::s. to the southeast. After '
.
Napot Point was graded frets its original height ,
'
of ,about 35 meters above.mean ses level, the sits i .-
'
area is now la meters above mean ses level. i
.
. . ;
The selection of Napot Point was arrived at * .
'
after a process of allmination: among several sites . .
,
in .'u::en, it being the intention to build one or , two nuclear power plants near wanfla to supplament
-
. g. . ,
,
the Luzon Grid. rhe salactionjproc=ss started in 1965 when the Philippine A*=ff Energy f*&fssion - .
.
.. . .
IIIA - } ,
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. .
. .
. .
- .
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'
. (PAm) . w1eh the assistance of '.'an'. advisory pansi -
'
e ta of the International Atomic Energy
,
of w ,
. .
.:
.
.
Asescy (IAEA), considered several candidata mitas ,
.
,
_ whi&h included Bagac and Limay in Bataan paninsula,' ,
.
and Acimonan and Padre Burgos'in Quezon province.
. . . 1
'
Two other candidate sitss, .af 8 sit, San Juan in ,
.
.
-t
*
. Batangas and Ternata in Cavitalvera later included
$* .
in to evaluation. Even as of .that time, it was - '
..l. L
. consid= red that thc most critical and iWhant . 8
.
,
.
paraumatar in the selection of ,the ' site. for a nuclear -
,
plant in I.uzon was the questioE of seis:sicity. c't .
. .
the candidata sites mentioned,.ithe -
.:. -
Bagac area was
.
rated as the most f avorable.' o
'it was, howevere re-
,
Wad that affects should 'Se' undertaken to
' '
- *
'
rssN1ve .its remaining saismological uncertainties - -
. ,
.- and that further studies be made on the matter of -
. .. . .
geo:.ogic fsulting potential and volcanism.
- 1 In September, 1974, the National Power'Cor- .
.
'
poration (NPC) engaged the services of EBASCO .
~ SEWICES 'INC. of New York, U.S A. for the lattar
"
to provide consulting services associated.with ,
-
. '
the siting of the Bataan Nuclear Plant. Based on
'
the report of pricr 1Nestigatidens, the sagac area
-
was detarmised by ESASCO to be. the most desirable,
. . .: *
- and si.x specific sitas in the said area vers
.
.
1?.
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. .
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.
.
. , ,
'
-
sufjected to a siting analysiar. ,cn'the basis
,
. af the seversi factors' considered in said sittag , ,
. .. . . ', .
.
.
inisatigation Napot Point was adjudged to be . .
,
.
,..
- the most acceptable. -
.
.
.
At the time "apot Poi 5t.1 ts definitely : chcsen to be the plant site, 'the development of , , the housing a=sa naar the town of Bagac, scata
.. . f,
-
19 k:ss. away by road frem Rapot Point was well
'
- underway. This was because original site .
.
.
was intended to be at a place flocated ~near the
.
*N .
town of Bagac, but it was latinc *
=h=ahned due to
.
. ,, ..
.
its being vulnerable to f.loods and high tida. the , housing arma of the personnel. to man and operate *
-
, :
-
.
the plant la accordingly situarted scene 19 k:ss.
. . a.
, away by road frc.m the pl' ant. site itself.
.
- A.3 THE ISSUES INVOLV2D IM CUESTICNS -
-
Nos. 5, o cund 7 , ,
.
* ,i.
, ,. 7 .,
"
As stated earlier, the pr1ncipal issue ,
-
.
. r= W by Questions No. 5,.6 and 7 of Lor No.'
*
. .. ,
, ..
.876 is. on the affact of ea. as on.the
'
.- nuc lear plant in Napot Point.
- Earthqnahn . .
.
being of varying intensities and magnitudes.. - ,
,
Question No. S postuistes an .m .. hquaka of 7.2.
.
-
, ,
~
*irtensity" (should be 'magnituda") on the Richter
.
'
'- . .
.
. ..
*
'. IIIA a.5 t . .
-
. ..... .
. .g a . . . ~ . .'...g.:.
.... .
-
-
.
*
. . ..;;
,. ,c . g. ,.y . , i.
.
*
* . ' * * *,:%.;
-*
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'
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-- -. - .... .
-
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,
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fs
.
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.
.
. .
, .
,
. -
.
....
.
.
. .
. .
.
,
. -
i
.
. .
.
. . - ..r- .
...w.
h.- i . sca La or similar to the one that' hit Mindanao
.
.' '
. . .
-
- s. +1n, hoe = al -
. .. in aoyu.t ., 1 m . .
zh. ,1a
.- w- *
.
legedly designed to withstand % shock of the
,
. . .
.
.
- 1argest possible earthquaka that can affect , _
.
- Napot Point, the 1saue arisesE,'as
- .
... .. .. . . .
to whether .
. !. -
the danign value aJ, M ~in th,m.const=uction
.
,
.
. .
,
of the plant was adequata Mhh to withstand . - It being an
-
,
the effect of such'an carth. . t. . .
-
.
-
ad:sitted f act that earthq"aw., are generally
' .
r .
'
*
, f. produced by the movement of the earth crust in l ;
'
geological features known as faults, it further 2 .>, * , l hec lomes necessary to inquirs'tehether there are i " i ,* faults at or near the plant' which are. active or i
.
..
ca< pable of producing large magnitude earthque%s, .
'
. It being also achmitted that earthquaka may occur ,
'
on any area unrelated to a....c . known fault, in which
.
.
case it iM callad a .* floating' on randes* earth-l Is there a
.
quaks, ' the further question 112- - r . l
. passibility of a large magnitude random earth-
,
ew. . ' ake to occur at or near the plant atta? The
. .
.. ...
.
qu qt, estics of tidal waves or tsunamis is int.f.zataly .
. 1 -
..
#
re lated to the presence of fstilts and occurrene.s
.
J od! earthquakes; they being usually generated by
. .
earthquake activity.
.
. . r.
.;t is also nrv'anied thEklea.%akes -
can
.1:. a . .e .
.
* - . .
IIIA - . G'
.
..
..
.
-
. '
g
~
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. . m. . .r.w
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t . .
- . c'.n *. *: .Mr ...-
-
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.;r ,' gg",._5 ; ,,
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. ' - -
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,
... . _ _ _ _ . . .. . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. -- _ . _ _ _ . . .
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,
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.
. . .
.
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.
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.. - ; ,{:*
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. . .
, ,
-
. :
.- *
. y . .
,
-
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r
'
.
% caused by volcanic eruption. Aside freus.such, ,
an earthquake, it is further conceded that.a vol-
"' card.c avant can cause ground shaking, tilting, ,
.
-
as well' as othed volcanic hazards, such as, lava .,
.
flew, andf2cw, lahars, and ashfall.
-
. -
,
h 9
'
- We accordisq1y formula.to the underlying iss uns raised by Questions Nos. 5, 6 and 7 in ,
-.
- -
the folicwing manner: . s
.
i .
.
s - (1) Is the "occurence of "a large earth-quake of at least 7.'2 magnitude on ' the Richtar scale a credible event at or near the plant' site, whether associated with a fault or not,
.
-
and if so, how wenid'it affect the *
*
- Plant? - . .- --,{-
.
(2) In the affi:=ative case,'would the ,
'
seismic design of the plant be suffi-
-
cient to withscand the effect of -
- such an earthquaka?e
~ -
(3) Is there any possib'ility or proba=
'
-
-
- bility of volcanic sruption fresa either Mt. Natih or 2f.t. Marivales;*
. and, if so, what wcnald be its .
_- effact on the plant? _
- t .
. (4) If a tidal wave or tsunami caused
-
by an carthquake similar to. the ~ one that hit Mindanao in August, " 1977 would occur at Napot Point, can the plant withstand its effects?
'
,.
_
-
. . .A.4 THE POST" IONS TAKEN.BY "HE
.
- PAR *IZS-PARTICIPAN"5 -
*
.
.
. ,
* *
. .
-
All the major parties-participants that
~
.- appeared before the Cce.=1ssion s"'
- 4 ttad post-
-
.
, .
.
- g
.
-
- -
. .
I2 ;a. ..
. 7
.. .
,
*
* * . .
. .,
* . . .
.
.. ... -
. -_ . ...-. - .
-
> 1. -
;
. . .. .
.
g
. . . y. . ,
*
,
I. .
....
.
- - .
.
. ..- ,
'- .
.
, ,
* -
.
.
. . . . , : .
- .t & .
-
.
. .
*
. . .
.
vol<-aM == . namely, the National PCwer Corpora-
,
. .
the
. ,
ticaandtisconsnitantESASCO[ServicesInc.r
. .,. ,
.
Phi.Lippine Atomic Energy , Commission (PAEC); , Wes':inghouses the Commission on volcanology .
, -
,
s .
. .
l
-
.(CCMVOL) s, ,the Philippine. Atmospheric Coophysical - .
'
and Astronomical Service 7Mnistration (PAGASA); _
. _
.
-
tne sureau or Miness - une Tattada ransar i::= s.sr.aan
. 's Chapter of the Integrated Bar of.the philippines ,
,3 Panely and the National' Society for Seismo. logy .
-
and Earthquaka Engineering of the Philippines .
.
(NS,5EEP). The said parties -pa:iticipants toc 0c well-
. . - t '
def Ened posi't:sSar'isti the aforementioned issues.
'
. ..
.
They may be roughly classified',into two groups:
.
- oce , responding to the said : . . , . . .
1/, r. sanner to allay fears frem earthqmw a5d E. volcanic eruptiens. .
'
-
(wh ch we shall hereinafter refer to as the. Pro-- I ponents); and the other, contending the exis't nce -
.
,.. of the hazards arising fress wei:thquakes and vol-
- canAc 5ctivity that. can "serfeusly' affect the planc
,
and cause nuclear accidents (pch.weshallhere-
. .
.-
inafter refer to as the cppositors). The p_m po-
?
l nents include the Nations 1 Power Corporaticft,
. .
-
Ebanlco, Westinghouse and pAEC.! The oppositors ara
- .-
.
t ccmposed of the TaAada panel, . the Bataan panel, .
.
. .
.
and the NSSEEP. The rese of ,the partied that
...+
s. act:1vely participated in the issues of seisreicity
.
-
.
.
.. .
n u - r;.. .n
. .
.
.
.
. v, m:n . A g. . -:.
- . . .
-
- .
.
.
-- - -- - - - - - .. .
_ . _ _ _ . ._ _
> 1 .
. .
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. .
,
, .
. . .
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and vole =M==. n-1y," Bu.reau .hf Mines, 'COMvon
.
and PAGASA, have t2.kan a neutral attitude and .
-
*
. .
the::. views were selectively Mf_obted by the pro- *
.
t.
'
.
porsents and the oppositors innefar as they appear F
. to. be consistant with their own respective post- -
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'
- I 3.1 On Seismicitk .
.
.
.
*
.
w- k. .
'
t. The proponents' position.pn seismicity was
.
.
.L
,
-
defaad=d ma4a1y by EBASCO which was the consult-
- ing firm that gave the go-stM for the siting
.of the plant at'Napot Point. The ' rest of the pro- .
ponents rely principally on E3ASCO's view on the - ~ I question of seismicity. . l .
.
. .
-
.
. . r.
In brief, the proponents.'!contand that a Largo,
- nagnitude earthquake, or specifically one with a magnitude higher than 7 on theR.' Richter scals, is
. .: .. . ,
an c.nlikely event in Napet Point. . They base ch.is
- comel=sion maixily on the z.asumption that there ,
,
-
,
are no active faults frers which such aarthquakas- .
.
can originate which are close enough to taa plant
-
site. They advert to the fasti that Jiataan is .. .. '
.
locsted in the area called '"C."iirTRAL LU ow Tzc-
'
l TONIC PRCVINCE*, a tectenic,, plate bounded en the
., nor th and east by 'SE PS.ilipp15e Paulf. which. lles
,
.- somewhere north of Pangasinan going southeastward, l
. . ': .
'
.
towards the alcol peninsular. en the west by the ' I so alled ' MANILA TR2NCH* located about a 100-)ca. . was b of :ambales and Batman peninsular and on . the south by the Taal Fracturs Zone which cuts .
-
.>-..{. .
-
.
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*
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-
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.- --
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.. * * ?- 2-
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. ....... ,
- 4. .
.
. . . . . . , , .
. .
.
..
fram the northwestern tip of' Mindoro going r, rth- .
'
Using ea: stward until it joins the Philippine Fault. as ' basis the lengths of Uie~ aiLid fau.lts, .and assuming
.
. *
.
..
th e 'rupturn of the same to',beU40% which is consi- ,
*
-
da ted conservative enough,' is is a.rgued that the
- ,
,. -
hi ghest calculated earthquakeimagnitude fross said ,
-
.
4 ' fa , tits could only be 7.9, and this is ther one , The Manila
- orLginating from the Manila ph. .
Trsuch being the vest boun'd$ h of the tectonic -
.
. .,
plata known as the centra 2, tusen Tactonic Province; it has a subducting zone t$at.- oes beneath Br.6.aan
.
Pertinsula, at an, angle es # ed ti:o be around 45
'
,
-
\
- , < m .. . : ;+.: .i .:t . -=>= of magnitude 8
.
'
.
degrees 'D.C- . - - . A s.. h..:M. ,.
.
,
,
.
-
,
ed the subdudting zone, .and
- ,-.;.
&pkf,g into account .
- '
that fact that the nearest difstance of the subduc*J- .. .,
.
inlg zone to the plant sits'is,'abcut 70 k.ilometers, ' maximum hori ental acceleh ation that can be
,
e
- produced by such an earthquaNr at Napot Poi $t was
.
ra ted only as 0.359 Thfs.is! what is known as the -
~
. . f.
danign value- of the plant.or ,%h. s, e
- safe shutdown '
l earthquaka" O@i which is supposed to mean the
.
' *
.
.
kind of earthquake that cou14. .s permit the plant i 3.- to be shutdown without dangee of causing an acel-
,
. dent.) If t .ere will b[ a mercemant on a 6'00-los.
I segment of the Philippine 7ault, and the same 'will
. . .
.
,
.
..
,
III5 - 2 ~/. . .
.
.
.
.
h
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,
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. :
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. . . . . . . . . _ .- - . .- . .. . . .
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.
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.
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f.,.... . 7 .
~'.*.?f'h . . y *.
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-
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. ., .
,
produce"an earthquaka with a_.: 4magni,tude of 8.4, , ,
.
its effect at Napot Point wouN only produce .
, ,
an accalaration value of 0.189, inar.nuch' as the ,
* '
nearest distance to the site of the Philippine -
. .
1..
. Fau.:,2 is 1GO kae away. Wik
....h so.s.pect to earth.:-
. . . .
.
.
- L.
quaJme that may be gecerated f=ca t$e othar
~
.P .. .
known fanits withis the Cantral Lu=on Tectonic i .
.-
Province, such.as,' the Iba F1acture zone, the '
,. ,
. .. .i.. .
San Antonio Fracturs sone add the Manila ',ay .
,
.s..... ,.
,
. . ,
. : . .
, il .
. Frace soned.as well tbs.as east Luzon Trecgh,
.i.
' it J s not deemed. probable that thay would be of
*
~ . Y
. . e.ffd cient magnitude in view of-- their short
.
.
, .
. .
.f laniths, such that, even if a Jc0% rupture is ,' .
*
- .
.
.y..
assu:aad in those faults, the acceleration va.lue at .,he plant Nuld be 1ase M#d.35g.
~
Although, ,
-
theolretically, the West Luzon Trough (situated -
,
30 kms. west of Napot Point) c'an p=oduce an 3 -
'
-
. . .
- magmitude eart W h , so.2 eveat. would only be '
- -
l ~...s.- .
-
- possible if there would be a'100% or total wwe .
i :. . . . . . .
.
. :,' of the entira length of said,fanit, which is.
.
,
.
.,
l
.. .: -
- dec:ned unlikely. ; .
. . .
.
. The proponents' discount' the possibility of
. > . .
. , , .
- 1arge magnitude randers or fT4Q~;' earthquakes
. i-l .
at or near the plant sita, it being alleged. ,by - s . ' them that all the s!.gnificant earthquakem *Jzat " .
.
-
-
.
"
. t .
'
,
.
- p=.3 - 3 -
. .
,
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.
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-
have affneted the area were traceable ,g. . to one of
.
-
. - i.
- the afcrementioned known active ;.
fmults. The pro- _
,
, ,
-
ponents further contend that' a study of the -
-
.
-
.
l ,
,
eatalogues prepared by local experts, as well as
'.- I .
-
..
indornation os earthquake datst ccm: piled by the $
.
,.
-
U.s . wa* h=*1 oceanic and' Atmospheric ? M M etra- ' .
.
,
'
tien, would abow that, histor.thally, only one . ,
- . .- .
.
earhts.saka was recorded to have been , felt exclu- -
.
-
. .
, eively in Sataan and it was & ;1ight intensity ' = .
- eszthquake of short duration .tocated at Balanga .
.
'
wh.1,ch occ tzredon August 9,1MI at 1:00 A.M. '
.' . '..+.
-
-
. .
.. . '
-
'
Proponents point out that, although the design
- t. .
- vaLas of the ss2 assigned "to the n = *'m = Nuclear Plant .
-
was only 0.35g, Westinghouse designed the plant
'
*
-
on the basis of 0.4g 552 s.s a , measure of conserva - tism and added safety factor. , It la clained that
,
-
. no earthquake can occur at the sita or be felt ,
' ~
'
-
-
therein thaa could produce an, acceleration value .
,
,
h1 rher than o.359 . 1. 4
~. . . .
.
*
. .- -
- n -
on volm4=n. H .,.. .- . ;
-
.. .
- 5.2 .! - * .
m .
-
.:. -
~.- .
. . m..
_p -
. . . . . .
- - -
.
.. . .
,
-
,Feepc c..ts give thg' assurshca ~ that theru in ,
. no threat to the safety of. the, -F plant arising fres the presence of nearby volcanoes, particularly
.
-
.. .
.
' x . Natih which is just 9 2na:. away f.cm the
-
- . . .: . pinnt site. It is c1=# M that Mt. Nat15, aa
. .
-
. ,p .
3 e .
.-
.
.I1-ll3- -s4 .
-
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* - .: r ; - =.+ ~ .
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.- -. .- .-
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'
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< Q .4k %..
wel L as Mt. Martvelas7 a M aiready. extinct, their largo .
-
act.Lvity, as determined $ry the' age of the volcanic e roc;cs in the vicinity being oveir 70,000 years ago, ,
. It.'tas further opined by E3ASCQ that shculd there . . . . .
.
c
-
- be <my activity of Mt. Natib or. Mt. Martvelas, such
.
- ::
"
-
are tt'ons would occur o'nly"6d he eastern flank; ,
.. - ,
. .
3
.
of Sataan Peninsula, there being, no historical ,. .
- avidence of any activity on the westa.n flank for
.
l It' g. yd'ir further clai:ned that,. severs 1 hundred years
'
}
- even if Mt. Natib shall erupt. ,,the plant would 4 c.:::t . . . .
not be affected by rec 3c probed.11es nor by lava - .
- ..
-
- ficar because of the distancia; _sor of mudflow and
- .
., . : .
lah,Lr because of the natural harriers that would *
* -
.
!. .
8 protect the plant site frcus, ths sames and that , 1
-
.i .
with respect to ashfall, it,1.s.not expected that
- .: . . 1.. .
l .
'
. it irculd be 7f such intenst.ty ~cr . thick:namn as to- ,.
'
damage the plant. [
.. :.5 . :
-
.
= M .
. .
-
. . .
'
n.3 ' on Tsunaamis .- ,
*.'
. .
.
.
.
..
. Proponents. allege.that, even if a ta m '=f
,,
. .
. , . . n.. , .
'
'
.' sianlar to the'*casFesused by the earthquake in -
.. . .
M1.~P=m of' August,1977 shall, occur at Napot ' ,
. ,
":' -
Poiat, the same would not damage the plant.
. Ms.l is beesuse the plant s1'es';is 19 meters above ,
.
. . . -4 ,,
,
-
'
sea level, and the records shcw that the tsunami
.
,
produced by the Mindanao earthquake had been esti-
.
*W
_ ., 4.: .
.
*
*
. .~.?MS : 5
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. .
e.m . . . mated as havii...ng' m f=nm bei i ~ _ of between 7 to ,
-
,
. .
- g. .
17 meters only. . ;. .
. .
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*
' C. THE S*AND CF THE OPPOSITORS - -
-
'
. . .
I*- .
- C.1 on Seismicity ," .
.
*
. . ..W
-
.
,
It is the contantici c3 & oppositors that lar;u magnitudie earthquakaa..~ css. occur at 'o= near -
-. .h . :
. the plant site. This conclusion is deduced. f=ca
-
i several factors, namely, (1) the. histcry of earth- -
. . . .
qua.ces in' Bataan shows thatr'.thA'.said province had-
~
' -
-
.
-
.
..
..
, .&~ . . . -
*
.
.
besa hit by .several-large earthquakes in the pasty,,
'
(2) there are several faults at or near the plant whii::h can cause larga magnituda. earthquakes, the ] existence ,of scee of which are[ admitted by the ', l
,
proponents, while the others he've not been sub- t
~
-
jacued to sufdicient invest:fgaM.
.
s .on to M .f7 whe-
.
.
. ,
..- r.-
.
'
-
'
ther or not' they are faults orj.whether they are . seislmogenic faults: (3) the coeurance of rww
.. or, dioat.ing earthquakes. at or maar .
.
the plant - .
*
~s ito may not be sususarily dismissed due to the laeJ: of adequate study made on! the mattars -
-
.
t (4) .th.e. de. sign value or SSE of 'O.4g i.s c=roneous,
' *
-
. -
. . . . __ . . ..
, .
- i,n, adequa.te and. not.: .consarv. ative. .e.nough, the same
-
having been derived. by consf h-tag minienA
- m . . . . . . . ,.
,
data and inappcicable facti::cs: , and (5) even
,, _
-
if the earthquake t: hat can be felt at the plant
.
-
sitei would not be large enough .to exceed the *
. .
. .
- ssz, it can seriously damage the plant and itz.
-
.
. . .
.
* *
- '
- 22c - 1 .
.
' . . .
-
,. . . p . .
-
e . . . , . . . 73. .e 4
. ,
.
*
.m e.
-e.e..e
-
t 4 15
,
I# ,.
.
..
- ,
- .- .
.,
(~ -
,
-
.
.
.
.-
' *
- . . .
,
,,
.
. . ~ .2.=4
. a.
- .
~~
. ,a.
..
.
~ de1Leate smochanism, especially: if the tremor is . .
of rustained duration, and thereby cause a nucisar
. ,
.
,.
'
~Mant. - .
~v
.
-
t .
-
On voldsnism
" .
C.2
-
. ,
-
.
.
.Oppositors expresses be view that Mt. Natib
" ~
- cor stitutas a constant threat'to the safety of nas '1sar plant at Napot Point. '.The said volcano .
.
l Oppo . I is not extinct or dead, .but maraly dor:nant
-
! ' sitors likewise disagree with the opinion cf ERAsco- .
- l
,'
.
that voimauactivity < frt:na the two volcanic cca- .
.
.
,
-
.
,
plexast in Bataan Peninsula su[ caly occur in the . _ i - oant flank de away frcat Napet
- Point. ,
-
{ .e
-
- , ,. ,
.
. .
- - . .. ; -
. \
.
-
C. ) on Tsunamis - - ! i .
- g. .
. ...
- oppositors contand that even if the tidal *
.
waws that can hit the shoras of Mapot Point will
-
,
.
-
no t: rise MWe than the 15-emear elevation of .
.
the plant site, a possible dangar arising freni q.
.
.
-
a' tsunmai could arise in the' event of Stithdrawal* of thetidalwavetotheseanhwhicheventscu15 . azpose the pipes whleh are inicanded to draw ahnzt
' '
.
'
. 20 million gallons of sea watam per minute as' .
-
~
part of the cooling system of the plant. -It sa . az gued, that, if tha said pipes. shall fail to drama ( va, tar, serious injury may result to the operatien ,
*
-
c:l' the plant. ,
.
.,.- .
'
.- NIC = 2 '-
- - . .
.
, _
_ _ v q. [
. **
-
.
.
.
>
. . . -
-
--
.
-
-
.:t-
-
. .
.
. .
.
.
.- .
*
. . . .
'
..&;a ..
' -
,
. .
.
-
D. THf f ETDENCE PRZ5ESr"25 SY Ttm
~'
-
,
PARTIES ,.
.
.
- l. .
.
'
> . . ,e. . ~
~
, D.1 .on seismicity -
- e
- -
The safety of the plant site, from the point of v Law of saismicity, has been the i pekme concars
*
. .
of a,L1 of those involved is the; said project sur
,
-
_ _. since its inception. The IAEA Siting Mission,
- whic had been requested by PAEC to conduct a
'
feas ility study for a nucisar; plant is Luzon,. 1 had$tzprar 4ed de view ht *2e met important '
. . , .
- ' -
'
and i:risical parameter in the siting and design of tJte nuclear plar.t in Luzon vds seismicity" '
,
I (Exhibit 16-NPC, p.3) . The said Siting Missice,
. .
- further observed "that it couldbe prudent to ,'
-
I consider possible ground failuras in the conclu--
-
sion of a nuclear power plant unless investiga- , .
'
'
tional. are carries out whose ranults would exclude - '
- r. . .
~
-
this danger" (Zhid, p. 5) }
.
. ,...
.
. The' subsequent feasthility study w and ,
-
i by the Siting Mission, as conducted by NPC-naMQ resultad ,in the ' choice of the. ahgae micrc-r--?M
-
(which included Napot Point] . The said micro-l *
-
regica was considerad most favorable allagedly
} .
,
-
*because no faults had been fcund in that area .
' desp te ongoing intsnsive inw.stigations in th~s .
-
.
* .
,
. .
,I22Df.. 1,
. .
.
.
. : _g -
-
.
- .. ,. .
, .
_. _
.- . .... - - . - . _ _ _ _ . ..
. . 2,
.-
. . . . . :
.
*
-
.. . .
~ . .
-
r
-
~- . 4 .
'
}'N:.
*
,
9s-- ~- ..
' -
.
..
~
91cLaity of Bagac; and that Bataan Peninsula *
-
. -
. .
- has an area of ' low seismic activity in compar1.-
. . . :p . , . .
. son to other regiand._..is the y ppinas" (Ibid, .
. .
- pp. 17, 13).
.
. 'i .
.
t..
. su . .:. '
Not satisfied with said (f.ad*=r, PAEC re-
-
. .
,
.
, .;
quasited the IAEA to send R Safety Mission to
- r-
- the Philippines to, review the yeological and 9eotechnical aspects of the. sita and its environ- ,
ment . Thia Mission visited the Philippines frca
,
.
May 1 to 9, 1978 and met in Vienna fr:: a July 3 .
.h*.
, to 7, 1978. In its Report (Document No. 12 15), the Safaty Mission sapressed the view that,
.
.5 ,
uposL a review of the data ecti+=4 w in the PSAR, ,
, ,
"certain of the postulated ==v' y earthqua.kas ,
shotid be more conservatively "intarpretad. It . , was opined that a magnitude,,.7.5, to 7.8 earthquaka
. .: .
-r- .can ressenbely.-be postulates tp occur in the San
.
'
Antcnio Fracture zone. A magn 11inda S earthquake can also be r==hty postniatund to occur directly.on the top of the subencting slab at its closest approach to the site in a depth of
' '
. 50 to 70 kms... contrary to the;Tiew expressed.in.
9: . . the PSAR that a magnitude 7.9 avant can occur only at a distance of 100 kas., west of the site
,
o r ,' approximately, where tho' Manila Trench is loca ted. It was further averred by the Safety
.. .
..
.
*
.
I:23. 2 *
,
.
.. .
.....N,'
'
. .
*
. . &.'.I '
*
. .
_
.
. *
.
s e . . .
,
-
, ,
'
-
.
. . ,
. _ _
- .
.
* -
- .
'
.
. t.
. ,4- .
.
. ; . .w. ,
,,
-
l
-
Misston that a 7.5 magnitude om.rchquake could ,
-
reasonably be postulated to denied on the Manila .
*
,
. .
.- ,
Say Fracture zone. It was acco.rdingly recem- .
.
== Med that additional work should be done to.
*
,
1 .Y de*==4as particularly the o.ccu.rence . A of the ,
#
postulated earthquake beneath the site on the -
. . . . .
subducting slab of the Manila Tranch which goes beneath Bataan peninsula and which might control .
'
the earthquake design basis for the plant. The
,
Safety Mission disagrees with tihe opinion of .
.
CO that a ficating' aarthquaka of a magni-
~
,
- toda greater than 4.5 may not cs.*Er at the plant . ,
.,
Bite ( At 9, . 4.?.2 .. ,; . :E,.
..
.
'.
'
. ,. . ,:. -
-
Se Safety Miss4.on %-i-:p made reference
,
to disce.asions with Dr. Er=esto Sonido, the PAEC . l
.
ccm=1 tant on geology, who expressed the possi-
'
hild, of a shore parallel fault system appro-
.
- .. ..
l
-
ximaltely 15 to 20 kne. offshors' the plant,'which ,
'
- faul , in the opinion of the'. Safety Mission, -
t
-
=hu be taken as a source of a invf=nn ea. th- ,
-
quakal in developing the seimsic design basis for
"
- the plant (Ibid, p. 61. .The Safisty Mission ,
'
observed out additional effort. should have been anda to study the micro-earthquakes in the region ,
-
r . as well as in the assessment of faults and over- . L all seismic riaks, citing as partic tlar examples
,
.
':u
.
. .
.
. .
.
IIID .= 3 ;
.
3 . .- ,
.
. ..* * .
* *
-
, ,, ,
___ _ ,
_ . . . .__.
. ,, .. . _ . . ' ~ .
5 1
...
-
.
,
.
.
*
.
.. .
.
,
.
- n .
- . .
- ..
,
- v. . . . .*' . ..
. , . . . . .
., . i ,. u. .
# ... .
', ,
,
.
.
=N bl inves'tigatdans of summs of the ifnames.
,
.
- ' the
'
as well as +hamal springs in' the ' area. ,
- ..
-
Aftar' studying the IAE3. safety Mission Report - and its .==__ >=tions, several ocasultative
.
-
meet ings isare held betwees FA3d and NPC regarding . the concerns expressed by the p aty Misaton. The issues were defined to.be on the vibratory
-i ground motion, randem shalicar ~serthquakes, and
- I fourdation angineering as well as that concerning ,
.
volcanism. Evaluating the rastonses i of NPC on ' the concerns azpressed by the' Safety Mission, it '
. *
-
was concluded that the said'cencerns had been . ,
.
sattsfactorily addressed by NPC and that PAEC r o. *
- fee:.s reasonably assured tdari: the 0.4g SSE value
. .;, . [ could be adangpaam .CDocument No112-C) . ,
,
The oc M ,e= - - of earthquakapthat will be
.
.
"
,
feli; at the plant afte is not . disputed. It is a , generally known fact that t5e Philippines lies .
. .
. .
in a region of high ,selmaicity, it 9'ag on the
.
.
-
.
'
'
direct lina or the so-called "CXMwi-PACIFIC '
,
.
.
.
"'
BAL% CF FI21* 1s'aich . bad beecLethis source cf des-
.
i tructive'earthquaksrin the.'wese coast of Sout$
-
and NorthAnsart$s,NorthernbaNfic,' I Japan,and down to the Philippines. Dr. Alcarn,cf HPC has_ - (
~
opinled that, esistively speaking, the Philippinas
.. .
'
.
,
,
m -4: ' *:.* E
*
* .
,
!s *
.
,
.
,* .
' o -
*
-
. . g. ,
.
,
. . ,
-
.-
--- - - - - . - - .. . - - - . - . . - - _ . - . _ - . - -
.
< . 1
'
. ,
,
.
-
.
*
.
' . .
. , . ,
,
e ~
..
- .
- .
'
. -
*
.:{
-
.
.
w- .
. g.. g;, ~. .:7 .
.
. . ,
-aus the higheas~hdIty among{the ten countries
~
,
-
m . r14 m t .i.it.d w a p . d in, the .L9th centu=y Otzhibit '36-Tanada) . The con- . trom arc [eonthispointiswhetherahighmagni- ,
'
-
tude earthquake can occur or be. :c fait at the plant
-
.> . .
site and damage the plane and its camponents,
~
.
desp Lte its having been designed to withstand an ..
,
- aart2 quake with a maxt:stma 5criscatal accalaration . . .
-
f. It is the opposttarsP[positten that
- i .
'of 0.4g. . .
4
- as earthquake is a cred1 bis event dua to the
-
such probable az1 stance of capabis faults near or.at the site, as well at the possibility of, earthquakee ,
..
' originating front a subduction slab just beneath
-
,
the plant site, as well as the probability of
~
'
randem oir fL-4g earthauakas 'in the area of the . I sits. It is not denied that aar+ W s ars -
!
generally generated by the mmrament of active fau2 and that'they can sino N' occasioned by *
. the E. .- >~t of a subduction slab. Neither is
-
. .
.
it d imputed that earthquakes may not be asso-cia ed with.any fault or tectoitic feature, in .
-
which event it is called a *randon* or 'floa+'7*
- ,
*
'
' ear J hquake. .
..
,
*
.. .
.., '
'
h oppositors danne to the claim of the ,
,
.'.
propenents that the only lar;<a 'magnittado earth- -
.
.
\. quakes that can affect Bataan ......; pah=ula are ..
-
',
'
~ - .. . ; ..
, ,
,
IIID - 5 .
.
a.
.
. *
.' .
_:
-
.
.
. . . .
._ .
.
_ _ . . _ _ _ _ __ _ . . _, __ . _ . . . _ . . _ . . _ . . .
,
. s ..
*
.
- - . . .. . .
,
,
. ,
,
.
- . ,..- .
-
.. . . .
- .
.
.
. .
-
-
.
.
.":: n-p - . , ,
-
- s. . . -
,
a ..
.
.
.q- q ..
,
thooe originaVing from the fauIts constituting - tha 2hias of. the CentrM, bu n Tectonic
-
.* .g . . .
Prtrrince, namely, the Philippias . Fault, the
- .
Man.Lla Trench, and'the Te.ar Yrseture sone. They
-
.
....- .
~
con".end that the other faults within the Central Landan Tectonic Provines, the s h esicity of ,
.
'
whi :h is minimized by the proydzeants, may $tist
-
' (
as well produce large earthqn n es, namely, the
.
Iba Fracture tone, the San Antonio Fractura "one,. - . . and the Manila Bay Practurs Sons (Exhibit 3-NTC) . In addition, thers is a 40Nkilczneter fault running ne th to south along the' ecstarn part of Zambalse
'
Mountain to M4-A m and passimT just 25 kza. asst , of.the plant sita. This fanit was not censidered
- . , , ,
.
at. all by ESASCO and is not amationed in the PSAR
-
propared by it. Its existance is deduced frost
- 1 the pubi4ewad studies of Dr. Artum. Alcaras, femar
>
l head of ccMycL and who is'prssently a consultant .
'
of WPC. In. the articia entitled "MMOR STICCTtDtAL ' ,
-
LI1 tES M T517EILIPPDutS* published in the FH LIP-
- PI:EE GZCIcGIST, issue of March 1947, Dr. Alcaras lilstad among ene said meJw. e ! t.uzal 1<-== w
, .,
I I MM IS - .
-
ad) #__
- +' ;y
_
. . ,
"I.ine E-E* on the map, Extribit 36-c-tadada. In -
6 thle same article, Dr. Alcazar stated that a major - s ctural line is one along 'which major diaspi. hie
.. . .
-
.
-
. 2m - . . .
.
, . _ .
'
-
,
.. . ..,'c M. . T .'- : -
- ._
- ..
-
. ,
. s
-
.
' ~ ~
.
. . .
l. r
-
.
.
. .
.
.- - ~~ : .
.
,, ,:
*:
,
-
,
. . .: .-
..- 4.r.. -:%.E,%y; - -. %
a u+- ~..+
.
.. ', ~ -
.. .
- e. -
i.o, i.ena 3.e.:==-sa.
-
- d. y. ret ocem
. and that .
,
the Philippinas is ' seismically active", having - expe rienced in the past both minor and destructed
.
eart.hquakes and will do so in the future, the
-
Phi: ,ippines being crisscrossed'by many planes of .
.
weahnesses along which faultint,has occurred or .
'
.
,
may occur, ,,
.
-
- .
With respect to the existence of faults at
... _ . _ , _ -
the plant sita itself'i the opposite:s advert en'
.- .
,
the showing made by th's 2nraau?of Mines in its .
-
- pos I. tion paper.(Document No.22f., which ravaaled
..:
the exiscance of three *H naammamts* traversing ,
- Napot Point. While it is t N 'that 14"**mants'
. -t,
-
do 'rset necessarily show the.e.ciscance of an active
. ,
-
a-
. fault, itissisoabdittedthayitisamanifesta-
~
ticas of such a fault. , This skicion is heightaned
-
by a noticeshks.fisease in.a pc= tion of Napon Point .
..
-
- . m;. . : -. . : _ :. -
- idasstified satoutcrop *28, and 'a' *silickenrida" .
. . . .
in 'si r' - identified da. Cintc=op *A" located
-
.
'
just 100 meters from the planti sits. A *alickan-
.
site
- man 1fests movement of t$ie pM and is tech- '
- 1
. .
nicl ally a fault although, by itself, r =-t be
-
.
,
coraidered an active fault that< can produce earth- .
-
.
. qua Ass. ,
- .
.
Ballance was further placed by the oppositors { , on the position paper of the PAGASA . be. (Doc =nent'No. ,
-
- ., . ,
.
.
,
-
IIID - 7 .
.. . ... - . - - ,
. ,
.
g- -
.
* . .
,.. .
e o-
. ~ .
-- ,
; .* , <
-
G
. . . . . . . .
'
.
. . ,
-
.,,. .
P -
.
-
.
.
- .
-
. ,.
.
*
- i,.
**
,,.. s
.
.
- .. .
*
- 20) which . listed 17 eszthqu'akes felt in Ntaan .
J. .
.
since Movember 30, 1965 up tp, April 7,197C with -
.
... u .
intnosittas ranging from 4 to 10. 'Of the first
'
7 enlzthquakes listad, which had been rated with intansities of 8 to 10, the epicenters were not -
. . .- ,
,
identified nor the felt ihtsheity in sataan spe- '
.
ciff,ed due to the lack o'f instrumentation when 1 those earthquakaa 5 Incurred. 'Se isst F.0 earth-quaJr.as, the first of which was 3n 1937, had the
*
- I '
benefit of instnumantation and the corresponding
- l
'
-
magnitudes at the epicantars were : . stated, as well s as <:.h'eir affacts or intanalties. in Bataan. The .
.
listing shows that the aarthqdaka in Alabat Island - , in 1937 with a magnitude of 7.5 on the Richter
. .
.
'
se&Las the Verda Island" earthquake of April 3
. .
194 w1th a -Wtuda of 7.7. iuid the casign an . . .
-
sarcquake of Auguist 2 1968 with a magnitude, of 7.3 gzeduced intensity 6 in'.Bataan Province, witJs respect to the earthquakaief Sep+*% 16, ' r
,./ ISS,t which affected Manila , Miacant proviness and was assigned Intensity 5, .the #~me produe.d .
. -
in 3ataan was cm W A=rabla , Itr.,zuined the church
'
. . .
.
and the pari e house of Crani .fwith the tower -
.s .
'
completely A-H =%d, and produced astensive _ I damage in the churches and parish houses of Abacay, ,. .. v
- L.imly a and Balanga. ' A rsc.er2 af.the same sisc,
. . . .
.
~ '
.
* -
..: ..y IN - S
.
. .
,
. '
-
".... .=
.
..
'
. , '
-
- -
. -.
,
. . .
. .
-
. .
.
*
. -
.
. .
. .
~- -
. .. .
. cfim4.t ' ..
** '
revu aled that an' Island in schic Bay sunk as. .
'
-
a result of that earthquake. ,
-
, ,
.
-
-emme us t.atinonies '6 ita rport wet- '
ases, x,. navia 2. u.d. and.a. zrn..t. v. -
.
-
-
.
.
Sontdo, the oppositors sought to confir:a the , e:cintsnoen of geological featu'resj both cashore - and offshore Bataan Panfnaula,~which are indica-
~
t1ve of the procabla existance;of active faulta . at~ or near the plant sita. No definite conclusion , could, however, be dedr. :.ad 2 to the actuality of
'
}
. those features being active or capable faults, such .
~
a6starisination bein4 only')cesibla~after's thi:rrough
- I and , extensive investitjation'.of.the
-_. - .
matter which . _. ha4 not been.suff1,ciastly bean,inda=takan. , .
. *
. . .
y
.
...
,
On the questior whether the plant at'its .-
.
. site could withstand an earthquoJr.s with a hort-
-
acclaration f arce.of 0.49, the oppositors I
.
avail of the posit.ica papac' and the tastimony stvan
. . .
,by capt. Andres 0. Tison of the NSSEEP who expressed the view that the sita design valus is inaccurate
.
.
.
'
and inadequata. His principal' reasons for this conclusion are that the maquitude of the eaM as f - that can occur at the plant site is much higher I than the one utilised by the proponents in cal-
'
culating the design valoe:I that the magnituda of ,. ,
.
'
-
. ,
- IIID'- 9
- . .
. .
. .
.
.
9 t
* , e f
* . ,
.
-
.
-
i .
,
. .
o i
. .
.
. .
;:
.
-
v .y.' -
, .
the pc.i.. lated earthquake is incorrect, ! a= =M .
- 1 . .
as the MicManao earthquake of. August 1977 was of
.
-
Mag tude B and not Magnituda 7:.2, in which case
.
i
;
- if the computation was based.ca. Magnitude 8, the
, ,
. . ;. ,
design value would at laaat'be ,0.85gr and that , , the foreta used in arriving air.t tSa design value
.
of C .4g is inapplicable to the hilippines, it
'
bei: q hased'on conditions
~
- =4da*+ng in Eastern ,
!
United states, instead of thess' ob" 4 fng in cali -
'
I
- fortla and Japan which are more analogous to the ,
l
,
- Ph1J 1ppinas. Capt. Elaon further declared that
.
- 1 be 1svised a for:nula for arriving at the accalera-
-
! .
l tiori talue in colloboration with 1tri Sergid Su of .
.
.
.
the Manila observatory based on Philippines
- cond1=
s ,
.
.
! tions, pursuant to which, the design value or .safa -
.
- -
l
- shutdown earthquaka (s52) would be much higher than
- i . .
'
, ,
0.49 . t ,
-
i . u .
.
,
oppositors cits a M by four American authors
; . ent: .'tled "G2CIlXIICAI. HAEARDS* to ahow that weak,
, . .
! =~ 1=%n is not'.necessarily:deWant on the ,
- - . . .
. ,
magnitude of the aarthqua',ce, ,as exammlified in , the 1972 earthquaka in the San Andreas fault JCali-
,
'
for:sta) , which had a magnituda of only 4.7 but ,
- yie lded a ground acesleration of 0.69g.10 k:na.
I
.
frca the sourcup and by the earthquake in Arizona,- . Ita y with a magnitude of 4.5 but gave a reco5ded -
. .. . .., .. .
.
, ,....,. 'g '. 2 =:r 10 - -
- -
-
.
. . ,. .
. . . . . . .
* - .. ,
e
-
.
-
, , .
8
.
.
. .
. . ... . _ ,
, ,
' -
.
.
* -
. . .
. .
- -
,
-
.
.
'. ; ..
. . .
'
" peak acceleration of 0.69 (Mf 5b 67, 47-E, ,
.. . .
.
\ .
.
Ta5ada) . It was further pointed' or.t that in , estimating the design earthquake.value, it is not
-
enous a to consider maximum accelbration alone, but a Lao the duration of strong @^4my (Ibidl.
-
,
'the c:sputations nada by the proponents on the -
,
design value do not appear to have taken into account the duration of earthquakas felt in '-
- l -
Bataan, such factor not having been -
-4M in
.
any .o:' the catalogues of esethqualas in tha
. Philippines presented before the f*-4=alen. . .
_ . As against the claim of the'preponents that actaan is *ase4 == L " and that no . . lasge,"ecorded r i
.
earthquaks had its epicentar in the said province, the o positors presented a map prepared by the offica of the International Decade of Conan Explcra= tions of the National Science Foundation (1978)
-
. c.
of the geophysical aspects of the' East and South-l : east Asian seas (Exhibit 55-Tanada) which shows among :others, that an ea=+W had been recorded
-
-
. ;
to be with its epicentar in Bataan peninsula, 2xhi=
-
.
.,.
-
.
-
' hit 50-A-Tanada.' This was confiammi in anothel * -
.
. ,
,
amp presented by. Dr. J5caido (h*11h4t 63-Tanada) ,
.:.. .
which shows' f.hes'a$iE" earthquake epicenter in - Bataar; peninsula to be with magnf,tude of between , , ,
- 4.5 to S.S. with, a depth of 70 to 150 k:ss. ,
.
mD-h
'
-
.
-
.
- -
.- . .
.. . . . ._ ..
. .
I
. -
.
~
. _ - .
*
. .. .
. . .
, , ,
, , ,
.
*
. .
. . .
,
. .
.
.
-
.
.
-
. -
/
Atty. Jat:me Guerrero of the Bataan chapter ' of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, one of
'
the oppositors, declared' that when he acccmpanied *
'
Day 1d J. I.eads to Napot Point on August 15, 1379 in the company of some officials of the NPC, he
' ,
not: .ced several disturbing features about the There ,
.
sitability of the ground. in the site area. I , ceing a typhoon on that day, thers vers several
- A one-I landslides which caused some fatalities.
- r be are land in sagac sank.by raasen cd an ear *h quake'that hit Morong on August 10, 1979. Napot
'
Po t itself was isolated due to the road leading
!
to it having been washed awaye -="=4mr a 20-meter *
, .
. *
.
' chan which the party of Atty. Guerraro had to
-
!
cross l by going up and down stdff cliffs. He .
-
fur lthec declared that Grande Island in Subio Bay l
- I whbchusedtobeveryciceedtothemainlandand
.
.
cci ald be r* mand by wading carabaos is new about
'
a k11cessar away frem the mainland.
.
. . .
I The seismicity of the plant site is sought to be belittled by the proponents by shcwing that
.
'
- E.SASCO conducted an axtensive investigation of
. .
- st a site arsa, which investigation resulted in the . finding that no cm.pable fault exists at or
.
.
'
I near Napot Point. It was ackscwledged that they
*
*
, .
II23 - 12 .
.
.
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.
. - - - .... _ .. g . _ .
, .
. -
. se, -
.. . assoountered signs of possible faulting and, for
'
-
this esason, to ascertain ' the actudlity of such -
"
-
,4
. possibility, several tranches e dug as well as
.
'
ottwr procedures adopted, all of."which failed to
*
- 3..'
show the existance of a e= M ,P fault at the .
-
plant site. The burden of the pr'oponents' evi- . dances on the probable occurrence of a large - _
.
'
.
.
... .
,c earth lquaka that cocid seriously affect the plant cpinica which.'tanded to show
*
-
. consists in ,-
. .
*
-
that such an event is improbablesand incredible. '
.
.
-
It la theerized by the proponents that large w
- earthquakes could only occur cin tha k=wnm capable ,
-
.
"-
.- l P faults which lie on the had=7 of the central-
.. .
I I4tzen Toctonic Province and whtich are far enough, such that the effectz of such earthe'=k==.at the plant sits would already be clearly reducedt that
- . . .
if e .hquakes occur outside of .the central Iazan .%, ..... , . Tactanic Provinee', their force would be attannated
. _ .. . . ,. .~ .. .= ,
upon reaching the aforamentidnad.bo=2M =d ess' that
~
~ ' .' -
.
#
,. .. .
ut:11a. ee.6s :say be ph. in the =Nr
.
... . .
'
faults 1ccated within the tactenic ' province, they are , t expected. to be of a magn.itada that corald .
.
.
.'
*
-
'
Samage the plant with its design values and that
. .s . . -
the probabilltf of floating or randcas earthquakas .
. on tie site area or in a nesrby regica is rameta, ,
.
,. :. . . monsJ dering the history of earthquakes in Bataan
. -
. . .
.' .
.' - . .
- I12D - 1.3
. . ~ .-
.' -
.
. m..
-
...
.. - _.
. .
,
. i
*
.
.
'
. -- . . .
. . ,
- .
-
. ,
,. -
. .
'
;-af ==ulawhichshowedthatalljefthelarge ,
'
*
. eart1 quakes that affected Bataan c6uld be assigned -
l to ofse of the known capable faulta surrounding t'4 *
-
.
. I.uso s Tactonic Province. -
,
-
-
. .
. .
- D.2 on vocanism e
. 4 .
.
. .- ,
- The oppositors presented no evidence of their
. own on the possible danger arising frcnt the pro-
- sence of volcanoes naar Napot PE.Lat. They rely -
l
==faiy on the fia**==a's expresE A by CCNYCL that
- it 'nhares the view of the rAri Safety Mission that the danger posed by * ' a ranewed volcanic activity of Mt. Natib voiranic complex exists"
.
(Document No. 17) . k,- ,
. .
.
As against the clads of 23ASCO that any ,
.
volcanic activity in the peninsula would onif , ,
,
I be on the east flank of Mt. Natib, . or away f= cat , 1 " the plant, CONVOL expressed the belief "that .
-
i erup1 ten form any of tha et~aie complexes in ,
- -
*
, the axes is possible act only from the presently observed craters and vents, but ,vh.rtually from ,
.
.,
l any point in the pesinnula, Bata'an having for:ned
*
,
'
by the coalition of two der:sant ,volca-* - Mt.
,
~ ' '
.
Natib and Mt. Marivelas*. -
-
-
.
, ,
Further reliance is placed by tie cypesitors - . .
. -
,
CD - 14 ,
.
.
- -
.
.
- e
-
,
s.. .; s. , ~ . - ,
. . .
.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _.__ _ . - . .- __-_-
t , f
, . .. . ..
.
. .. . ... .
.
-
.
,
.
.
j .
.
; .
~
es @ e IAZA 5 kty Mission MpGzt. (Document No. ' 12-3) which made the observation that the irapot l sito 1s " unique" to the nuclear industry with
'
. . respect to risks associated wit.h volcanoes, it .
being the only nucisar power. Diant located 9 kna.
'
- l. -
.
and that;the only modern
'
away frca a volcamor noci,sar plant which had been deisigned to account' for volcanic eruption being the Pebble Springs
.
.. . .
.
-
P1artt in tha' .+.. -United States locatad 123 kne. from
'
the naarmat volcano. While the Mission chserved that E3ASCO'hed'done a credif2h'Im work in the , inn stigation of the voir maf =nt issue, it also .
.
believes that there is still a' great deal of ( - uncertainty as to the renewed volcanic activity
. l of Mt. Nat1h, and that tha fousertion of a new I
volcanic cantar on the vest flank of Mt. Natib l . is tot considered to be incraddble. It was con-t cluded by the Mission that the hama@ associated
,
with such as eruptica, such as,. ashfall, inspect
.
of vol-= f - eject lw, flow of av=1 =arh==, everflowing
~
gas, ash emissions and gas ace"=rt1ation, as well as
'
. , . . !
laharie.ned2WWM ,,; . 4 - be dakaum into account. .
.. . . . .,
"
- The ep M ~ tors, through the tastimony of
--
s . .
*
. Atty. Coerrero, also showed that a ther:nal spring
-
lies at' the fcct; of Mt. Natib which, as ad:sittad s_ .
.. .' .
* *
*
*
.
.
22:3 15 .
*
-
. . *
,
. .
*
.
.
-
.- . . .
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*
. . -
.
.
.
. i. .
-
-
. .
.
. ..
.
.
.
. .
.
- -
,
. .
by c:3tvcL, is a sign that th's sa'id volcano is not .
. extimet. The existance of said the'rmal ' spring
'
has also been notad by, the IAEA Safoty Mi.ssion ,
} .-
Aaport and the PSAR. .
. ;
.
.
- The danger posed by W -= 4-g does not seema , i to be denied by the proponents. 'In the Psam, ,
.
, , it was stated that over two do'seh volcanic , -
l cantars had been identified wi+5's the boundarias ~ - of Caatral Luzon Tectonic P: 3vind:n. However, it , is claimed that, azcapt for Taal Sanahaw, and . ' m San C$1stnbal,.all ar1 inactive kacl"A* ag Mt. Eatib ,
,
. .
. . and Ma. ?:arivales. IR. La further claimed t. hat, .
-
t
$udginlg by the av==1mation of the,samp. led volcanic
! i-products in the ragica, it is theorized that 12 -
,
.
any volcanic eruption vill cccur .in Sataan penin-- , e sula, it will be towards the eastern side, or
,
'
, . farther away feca Napet Point whi5h is on the west *
,
coast of sataan Peninsula.
-
It is admitted, however,
'
that." kin view of the peczialty of' the Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Martveles and Mt. Nat'Ab val bc cuasuplear.as to '
.'the si ta, and the volcanic activi~ty at Taal, the .
I pctantial effects of possible volcanic activity , *
,
-
anzst tie considered" (PSAR, vol. 3, p. 2.5.1-38) . . ,
,
-
Althoulgh it is admitted that earthquake can be .
'j .
caused by volcanic eruption, it is c1= N that .
. .
n ,
-
*
*
.
IIID 16 *
.
-
'
. .
. .
.
. . .. .
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..
.. .- .
-
e *
. .. .. ..
, .
,
. . s.
,
.
.
. -
. .
.
. . ,
-
.
'
. .
'
. .
. . . .. . . .
. . o.y
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.
..
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1
.. 9 ' . I
.
8 *
. ,
,
. . .
, .
they are ruim*dW amall not avMfM magnitudes
*
-
4 t: 5, and would affect only a 11altad arme.- ,t_. . I
- - ids > concluded 'that volcanic earthquakes are un.likely
% g -- - - _ _ _ . . _ _ - . . . . . - . _ . .
.
to 15e. 'a hamseds (Ibid, p. 2.5.1-41) .
.
. .
. . . - .
....
_ _ . . _ p.' .
*
..
*
.......:8. ..
-
'
.}. . , 0. 3 Sn Tsne =4= . a
.;.
, ,
. ,.-{. .p.9
-
.. .
.
, -.-- - . . .
. . ,
. .
41,s The proponents presented evd>"a_n N to show that _
.
- the h Lghest tsunaal produced by, the August, 1977 ., ,
M1 M= ~ eerthquake did net reach a level equiva= . . lent to 13 matar above usan sea' level which is _ the elevation of the plant sita. . Photographs wars .
.
..
.. - prassated to show that houses of 'dght materia 1= ,
-
l .
.
-
2 cated along the s.ashores affect.d by tae.tsdas . l wave were not seriously damaged by the same. the ,
-
.
l . oppositars falled to presant any proof that could . . show <: hat the tsuna=1 produced by an earthquake ,
'
near Bataan can affect the plant %4 its stated * -
'
-
. -
. .
elevadon. Nor was any eveldence presented to sus-
-
.
tain 1:he fear that the withdrawal of the tidal .
'
wave would f=na h the funct4 = dag of the pipes ., I laid out in the sea to draw water therefrem as - part of the plant cooling systare.' , ,
.
= . ,
W=" *
.
.
. -
~
*
*
, . IIID - 17
-
. .
.
.
.
*
*
. . .
* * *
. . . .
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.
..
. . .
i .
.
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.
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.
. . .
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'
.
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. p.
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.y3.;. i : ...=*2.[ '
.
-
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.
.
-
E. DISCUSSTON OF "RE EvtDENc3 *
-
. ,
.
*
' I,,1 Ots Seismicity
'*
. . . .
.. ~
- .
.
The concarn voiced by the oppositors as to ,
, .
the safaty of the plant situ ham' evoked the need _.
.
. .
.
.,.
for a ,noticulous 'inqu1ry into 'tasi e?=11ty of
-v .
.
the hazards posed earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
,
. .
and ts<anants on the plant site. The Commsission was *
;
confresated by a : mass of evidence,;both testimccial .'
! .
and doc l umentary, which, quits .ecpectedly, are es
'
-
cuantra ctory as the positions taken by the pro-I - poo.ntm and the oppositors vt .any au the ,
~ .. *
,
.
. . a u . ..
questiens saked in LCZ No.' 875. M ons expert.
. . .
puts in, the whole enestion befim deem en er w of
.
~
- credib.:11tv. l - '
.
.
. . .
,
.
The oppositors maintain that the plant can
.
.
be ser:.ously affacted by a large earthquake with
.
. r .
-
. a magudtude of 7 er 3 on the Richter scale that I
can occruz at the plant site.. This clain la dia-
,
-
*
. pated by the proponents for the reasca that their
{
- studiesi. and investigations have failed to reveal ,
the extstence of a seismogenic fault within 10 kam.
- l of Napot Point from which such an earthquaka -can
. . .
origina to, and there is no hista.i. of. even a ,
*
.
*
.
22:3 - 1 .
-
.
. . . . * ....
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. , - . :
mediusr-sized earthquake that had . occurred in the ,
,
area. The root question has become .a detemM-
"
z.BT tion of whether or not there.are.aetive faults
. .
.
3
.
close ' encuch to the plant alte ficat which a .
-
_ .
',
larm inacnitude earthquake can bet produced.
' ' -
. t
. . ., ,
. ,
, ... y ,. .
There is no issue as to the existence of the , faults which had been identified.and admitted'by
.
I
both parties, to wit, the Philippine Fault, the . Min 11a Trench, and the Taal Fracture Ecne which
*
- const tute the boundaries cf the tactonic plate .
' - known as the "Cantral Lnzen Tectonic Province".
' Within the said tactonic plata, the preponents ,
-
>::- admit the existenes of other,f,asd~ts, known as the
.. *
,
Iba Fracture Zone, the San Antonic Fracture kne.. the la Bay rasatsre zone, and the West Laison
. ~
Trougla. ?rcponents,. however, cc5tand that, con-
. .
1 _ sidering the distance of the,said... faults to Napot
*
. ..
j . ,
~
.
. .
- Point,.the nearset M efiE:dt is a6 cut 30 kms. away, -
'
~, - x ..
- and the short lengths of the same, it is not . -
-
! ,
,.imaginled that they could produced large mac3nitude I
.
.aarthquakes to_sericualy affect.- the plant sita. . .
.
-
.
.
-.
. ,.
,
The appositors, on the other head, haveg
.- - epined that, in addition to the faulf.s mentioned
- above , there ars still unknown faults at the plant
.,
. . .
.
III2i - 2 .
. .
- dp
_
'
-
i
;
.
.
+- -
.
.
- -
. a ,g.:... ; y: *
.
.
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.
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= . .
.
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. . .
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.
. .
.
. . .
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.
.
g .
*
. . . .
; *
-
.s.
, .- ,
..p.
' '
site [ lose to the same which eenid be th e -
-
.
,
. poter#ial source of large earthquakes. .
.
, , i- -
. .~> #. .... .
The presence of visible. manifestations of .
.
. .
geolomical features which could be signs of the , f
. .
.
existance of a fault has been, admitted by the -
-
.. .
.
l . swyvuonts. EBASCO had accordingly conducted an
.
.
l
===4Mtion not. only of the km wn faults but also of thle postulated ones and the lineaman_ts within .
l
- a radius of 200 kms. frca the plant site. They
.
l
*1 dant *1fied the linear features by landsat laagery, aerial photography and by other sophiacated methods,
- aftst which, field investigations conaisting of
-
mappiaq, trenching, exploratory borings and other l The *z;esult of said
-
procedures weru. conducted. .
.
.es=' na* dan. is reflected in sekral volumes..of the . .
PSAR. The study came up with the conclusion that
.
-
there are no active faults withih 10 1cas, fr .m
. .
.
. '
the plane. site. , ,
.-
-
*
. .
. On the questien of the ' existence of the
,
. postulated faut.ts, the Cermuission sees no convin-
'
-
-
cinq proof to warrant a cateocrieal findine. .
-
.
,
' ~
The itopuldzerslyrelyongeolcgical
- featuras which could be a manifestation of the.
.
existence of a fault, such .a's, lineaments and ' slichensides. It is conceded, hcvever, that .
*
.
.. . c'. .
' *
*
,
IIIB ,3 .
* .
' *
*
* *
. . : a, a." .. .
- - -
. _ . ._. ._ __ _ . _ ._. .
_ , . _ . , -
' .- .
t c - .
. . .
!
.
. '. . .
. .
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
-
.
*
- .a .
-
-
. c.
. % . . .
- .
i- . . ..
-
. they are not neessaarily 1M'c=*#ve -
of the ' exist-
'
~
~
ence of fanita, sruch less os ~aN.ive or seisamlogic ,
.
faults, unissa proper investigation and analysis shall have been coMnet' d to s *y their true
. i .. .
,
nature. Such study has not beian undertaken by . .
-
any of the oppositors. On the other hand, a
. .
vari.fication of the supposed faults had been
-
1 done by EEA.BCO for a pericd of about two years .
.
.
. has involved six U.S. geologises and an ,
*
,
number of Philippine counterpart geologists. .
.
g
. Between one who merely susW=- or postulates, and another who had actua1Iy veriflind the existance or -
,
6 .-
,
. non .existance of the supeosed faults, the choice - -
.g
-
is not hard to ==> .
~ ~ ~
.
. . . . . . .
oppositorscapitaliza on the showing sada by
,
. ., .. .
. the Burman of Jtineec.as .to,the existance of certain j 'lineamants* a't Napot Point ,as' de+=M"*A by l .. .
satellita pho % = A . A photo:. 14n- - t is said
. . .
to 'any line on aartal' photographs that is stw. - -
. .
.
.
l turad.ly controlled, including any al.ig= ment of .
-
.
l separata photographic images, such as, stream beds,
, .
l ' trees or bush'~s e that are ao Nntrolled*. The
'l investigations and analysis of oald lineamenta had .
I s beeni previously undeftaken by ESASCO and the . l
.
result of such study is contafi:ad in the PSE4.
'
*
. ; .. .
- f .
Q x. c.w ?.kr.M .
- ;
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.
_.
;.
_ _ _ . _ . . _ ___ _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ . . _ . . .
, ,
. .
,
.
,
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.
-
. ..
-- -
.,
~
,
-
.
'
-
. . .
,
-
. .
. .
. -
..
.
. . .
..
.-
.
!. .
. . .
~~- -
. .
,
.
%e su:rsau of Mines, bene,ver,(zalled attention ,
-
.
.
to two other geological features which could L . -a ..
be imlications of fan 1 ting, which it had iden
. .
' , tifisct as outcrop "A* and oute. op *B* in separate-
.
. . .
placen at Napot Point whers a fissure and a slickunaide had 'been noticed, 'raspectively. To verify thier' true nature, a field inspection was conducted by PAEC and NPC-ESASCO. In their doint .
- report , it was stated that neither of tho two .
.
outererps could be censidered a saiamogende or ,
,
tectord.c fauler they being very s'inali in size and do not: continua at depth. Mr. D4Nid J. Leeda', -
.
'
.-
". . .s.
. . p, . w.e "mpert wtha== presented by the oppositors who
.. , .
,
also inspected the said featursa ,during his visit to Nasot Point, -has admittad in tila maaorandum , that neither of the two outcrops appem=s to be
-
I a seismic threat to the,, site. .
,.
~
.
, ,
,
.
. .
.
- v. .
' ' y- . .. ; , ,
-
'With respect to the 'l ins =mant ce structural ,
. . . . . . t. .
,
line d '-h m-sesculaton-by-nr. '11~~as in his paper published .in 1947 and identir.ed by h1ra , as Line "H-E" strating frca Lipga*/ m Culf going . . l
.
southawt on the eastern fla:Oc of. n=ha7es Moun-
.
' c . .
'
.'. ,'
. . .
tain to Cavita, Satangas, Minders'and up to
' '
Tablas Island, it had been explained by Dr. -
-
. .
Alcaras that his further st$dib on the zacter .
.
.
M . .
- M-5 -
. .
~
~f g. .
*
. w. *
.
.
9
- . _ _ - . - _ . . . . - . . - - -. .. . . . . . -
.- , <
-
.
<
, , - . . . -
,
-
n- y. .
-
an
.
t -
.
. .
-
.
,
convfneed hiz about the errof in his previous theory
-
( . ^ .:
. .
-
. ragazding the same. Moreovar, said structural
,
~
line as postulated some 30 years ago when geo-> logists were unaware of the 'tranch system which would maka it impossible for such a struccaral line.
.
to c=mse known faults, like the San Azitonio Frac-tore ne and the Manila Bay Fracture ' Sone. . ,
. .. .
On the assumption that there are no known
,
.
- active faults at the plant aite,:the only possi-
.I bili l c- ' an earthquake located. thereat would be
- what is know as a " floating
- or 'randem" earth-
_uake. q No evidence was $rasented before the hdston to show that such a 3iind. of earthquaka -
-
. .
, ,
with a magnitude that can produca an accalaration higher than 0.4g has ever occurred at the sita. l Cn the,_cen_trary, all the large and medium-sized ,
- I earthquakas that had affected Bataan peninsula . ,
,
,
h lab sen.. ad t _as having originated frem one of trap
, the known faults aforamentioned..
.
-
. .:.-
Asaforestated,thelargeEtearthquakathat
.
..-
can occur from a,known active fault that can affect .
~
... . .
.
- the p Lant sita 'is thd ene originating fr:st the .
-
'
- :,
subduction acne of tM Manila.T=sach which, at . . . .
,
i its nearest point, is 70 kas., balow Napot Point. .
.
l ,. A magnitude 8 earthquaka from t.liis source has been - _
. . % *g. .,
UU * $..
.
..
, ,
. .
1;
. .
. . . .
.. .
- .
~'- * -
_ _ _ _ .__ _._ ___ ._
.. . s
;
. . . . .
. .
.
~
..'
~
.
.
. .
-
.
.
postulated in the cesputation of the SSE. The
. earl & quakes that can originate from the other' .
fau[,tswillbeauchweakerashelt*at the plant site, either because of their distance or the
.
reintiialy loor capability of the faulta of origin. , The possibil.ity of sazt.hquakes occurring at ,
,
or affecting the plart site does not necessarily
"
. meart that a nuclear power planti may not be ,
ceru tructed thereat. Thara are-severs 1 nuclear 1 .
- .
plarkts which had been estabLrshed in places where
.
earthquakes are a ccm.cn occurrancs, such as these - in capan, Mexico, and California, U.S.A. What -
,
_ matters is whether the plant is' designed to , ,
- witfstand the effects of tha laigest possible
.
. .
.
marthquake that can occur at the plant site. A i
-
nuclear poeter plant is supposad to be designed _ I . to vithste .d, among others, ' the pressures that
-
can be produced by earthquakes. It As assigned .
-
. .
- an earthquake design valua otherwise known as the .
- l i .
*
"5AFX satPTCWN EA.RTHQt2AX2" (533)y .which is said to te the kind of aanbquake that, would permit , ,
'
the plant to be shutdown without_ damage to its ,
. wg swat partir useit'in its normal operation.,
,
The peak accaleratica as the plant site was
.c .
determined by Z3ASCO to be 0.339 As an W M -
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safety factor.' Westinghous*A-isased the desigra t -
.
t .. value to 0.4g. The sufficisacy of this des 4=n -
,
volo,e was sought to be questioned by the oppo- *
'
;
. si. toleswho claimed that.it shoul.d have been
,
.' .
-
raised to at leas 0.65g. P e, difference of l
. opinion on this matter is due to the use of diff tformulasorattenuac1AncurvesLa
, . .
arri r1=q 4t such andel~eration value. -The Comunis-
- _
-
. ..i
-
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- sionn has not bean suffied*T 17 convinced that
-
._. .
. . . - -
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,,the acceleration value used in the design of the
- . . . - _.. - . . . . .
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plan t. was not adequata or conservative enough,
.- -. .
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_ . _
,
It i s an admitted fact that.by raising the design , l 3 valuu of the plant would man an additional out-
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lay ol f several tens of thousanda of dollara which . .
.,. ~ couliprovetotallyunnecessary[andwouldonlymaks
'
the plant to be overdesigned. 1
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There is no historical record of a significant 2 . eart.bquake that had occurred in'Napot Point.
,
The
.
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evidance presented by the partise would tend to - t show"that ene or two earthq"=y== had been opt -
'
. oastared in Bataan Province, buti they are of medituu
.
. . . .
mag tude estimated to be around 4.5 on the Richtar scale. The oppositors presanted a recorded adcount of anl eartixpsake that affected Manila and su==ound- .
.
ing provinces otr sept-hee 16,1852 which caused ,
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cumstrable dansage in Nnnf Tm .and, with respect .
-
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. o the' province of Bataan).resu1*N if. the
'
-
t . 1
. churches and parish houses of; Abacay, Limay ,
.. . . ..
*
-
Mariveiss, and Balanga.to sustain b idarable i - damage, and in Zambales resulted in the sinking .
~
of a h1 in subic say. There was no account
' '
of the affect of the su earthquale in Morong -
.or in anl y other town in the western side of Bataan
-
- I provinen. Neither was chora proof of the location. ,
-
- of the ,picentar or the said earthquaka, apperently due to the lack of instamtation which did not
'
- become kva11able in the Philippines until the ,
~
1 early years of the American occupation. Oppost , I
. tors further raly ca a map of' the.ihilipp h
*
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l .u
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* -
prepa..a4 by Fathar"Thdara.Easo of the Phi.lippf.no' weather Bureau, published by the Bureau of Censum - in 1904r showing the volcanone and seismic centars ,
-
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in the 7h111ppinas, whersin it is indicated that
.antaan is in the region atare earthquakes were r
" wary f:,.equent*. The accuracy N this map is
-
.
-
readily open to question in the light of subse
.
quant f. Ladings
,
that earthquaksa,in the Ph111ppinas
'
had concentrated along the Phhippine Fault I and other known faults. The said'any creatas - the sis.'sading impression that there were mars
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,
I earthqua):us in Bataan Provines than in the places - . .
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-traversed by the l'hilippine Fault. Even the map .
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1
.identi fied by Dr. Ernesto Sonido of the U.P. Depart-ment o.t Geology, who was presented.as witness by .
'
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,.. '
the cp positors, shows that only che earthquake
.
- of magnitude 4.6 epi.c.e.n,.tkred in Sataan
;
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penine'ala. ', '
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. 3.2 o,1 volcanism .
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- The only unrsst posed by. volcanism is a .
Possib Le eruption of Mt. Nati.S located just 9 * ' . kms f rom the plant sita. Initsferig1nalpost- , tion paper, the Ce aton on volcano.% had . expremiad the view that the danger posed by a - renewed volcanic activity of Mt. Batib exists. ,
.
'
In its asacrandds:, however, CCBGC , gave. the
' ~
ansdifiiad view that, while it admits the possi- , hility of an a:uption of Mt. Netd , *the prebe- ,
. hility of such an event to happen is very low".
. Ityt2mo expressed its concurrecan N th the view '
. .
y of NPC -ESASCO that the probability of such
~
eruption on the west flank of Mt. 3atib is much lower bhan for such ~an event to take pl. ace in ,
,
the east flank of said volcanal The part14e arin , egr 2d' that even if an eruptian of the main
~
crater of Mt. Natib shall occur, there are sufft-I efent natural barriers t.c protect the plant site freve t. e direct affsets of py eplastic flows .
.
- . . . . ..
,
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,g16 wing avalanches, lava flows and!di. rect impact
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.of volcanic ejects. No evidence was presented
~
, dispute the c1afe of the proponents that the lavu activity of Mt. Natib oc w M at least 70,000
-
*
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I . l . . years ago. '
.
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The only possible adverve ahfset of a volcante
. eruptioni of ht. NaH h won 1A be ashfall and volcani
.
l tremore. Neither avant is believed significant enough to seriously da==ge the plant. It is to be - I red ehae,.n m . m .a eat esq me *
-
can occur without waMag, a vo1-=4" aruption is .
,
>
pree d-d by signs before it actually happens. It has bee ln said that the shortsst period for a volcano" -
l to maaMast activity is three (3) amys prior to the
- actual eruption. It is arpected, this being one of the corditions I
imposed for the licensing of the nucles: plant, that a monitoring system be installed
"
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for the ym g e of predicting voidanic activities.
'
within the period thus alleved, pz=per safeguards could be taken to prevent the disastrous conse= 1 quences of a nucisar accident. ,
.
. .
.
2.3 co'=sunamis , ,
.
It is not dented that tsunamis may hit' the
-
sherslina on which the plant is located. This is
*
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b . I:23 - 11 .
-
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g e' >
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._
. . . . . - . . . -- . . . - . . .--. . - - - .- . - - .
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because the presence of the Maa M.e Trench lying -
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para 11m1 to the west coast of. Bataan p==f ==ula
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. . l a hundred kilometers away which is an active faulk .
,
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and which could generate a.large-efsed tsunant. . ..
-
- Eowou , if the tsuassi will only be as high as the ene caused by the Mindanao ea2N:hquake of August
- 1977, ich was estimated to be savan (71 meters .
.
.
high, would not affset the plan't' inasmuch as -
.,
. -
the pimat site is on an elevation of 13 meters above - - l mean sea level. . The computation made by '"" as to the site of the postulated tsunami that can .
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his zapot Point was a osschstas of it tS meters based .
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en the 'l argest possible earthquakehet the Man 11st : . . Trench. Such a tsunami is beliaN WfV*13 to affectiba plant at its stated sievation. It , was e pointed out that, Napet Poist'being
,
a narrow , r4 MS,=, 4* f 4 M out tato the , sea, . -
-
~. m-: .
the ts"_"M_ d p __ M the tip of'the said*. ,
.
- peninsu la where tSe plant is located as hard as
-
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,.
l the shcres of the -4*iand where its force would . 1, - s... s
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be 61.- ~
.
- f, :.*f.:.'
... ,m.
...-;.
. .
-
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.
44 THE OPT 32CW OF TME w euLY3NTS
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It has been realized that the issue of seis-sicity deserves maximca attention on the part of - (% ' -
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tbs commision with a view to arriving at a satis- . g -
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factory resolution of the concer's, rharding: the , same. In the face of the.eanteting theories- _ - . . . hi** snaexpres_ sed,,bythepartiehparticipants,
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. . . . . .
- and r ecognising. that the said hasse_a-aduires his '
scient:ific and tea 4mi -knowledgefnot p -. within the --
-- . , : ' -
.. -- . . -
1- - f--- peculiar competence of the assbers - - ... ,:.._ of the - e - f=sion, ,
..
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- 3. . _ l ----- - , - - .. _
_ , , _
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it hah been decidad to avail of the services of - -
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l internationau f recogni .d authorities on the . I subject of seismology and geophysics. Inasmuch I as they ao not represent any .of. ;the parties and r have therefore no partisan. intarast to subserve, '
, .
-
it it assumed that their opea4aa= on said issues '
' -
would carry the weight of ersdihility borne of
~
iality and"neatrality. Frtsa a 11st of tirelve -
*
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- experts, the competsnce of eve.w of whcm is un-
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,
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disptzad, the Nf =Aion directed the partiss 3:o
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f 84 =to their respective choices for inclusion h
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La ar L advisory panel of four or five hn. By
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commac e a p_ :-'t of the parties', five names wara
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sel'ented, all of "whcma were extended invitations ,
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by th e teamission%" serve in' an advisory capacity. .
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- Although all of the five exp chosen by the . '
part. ;as expressed willingness to favor the invita- '
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tion, only two wara abic to . cme to the' Philippines, -
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the others having been unable to come for.one. reason - % .w - .
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W-M Those who warm able to.make . . it were
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Dr. 7. Carl Stepp and Dr. Mmtm Icanits. Dr
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stepp holds the degress of S.5. Geology, M.S. in' Geophysics, and Ph. D. in Geophysics. En was .
,
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with the USNBC. fztm '1973 to - - . ^. 1379; as **=* of its
,
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_3, Geos anos Eramals and la presently con C I with *
- M , INC., a fizza of consulting engineers and
-
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- geolo\ gists based.in Long Seach,'p. California. -
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., . "
i . Dr. r~tts is presently ';p prod'assor of sa - ,
- Es mology at the Waaional University of mecico.
.- was armerly a director of the Institute of Geo-physics of the University of Chile and latar Asse-1
. ciats Ramsarch Geologist of. the .
N.aiversity of Cali-
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*
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.
forad a. .,
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. :'i Aftar, going over the rea' sed of the prc-:::iiacs ,
condtcted by the h4 **1on, 'Mw'4 av the trans-
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,
cript a of the tas*dwa4ms of thm. ' witnesses, and a review
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of tha pertinent valames of Pea % the two. afore- _ . moned oned consultants expressed their con:currance
.
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ti e fladtags of the hf asion' set
- forth above I
- in ~
on t2 e issues of seismietty, vole ==4 = and tsunamis.
'har va'a th* 9"...**** th* M '=1== ** 8 9 .
-
,
.
is etinsarvative enough, and that the nataan Woclase
. -. . , . . *
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..
g Plan 1, As designed can safely withstand,the es.rth .
,
--
,- gu.ake s reasonably expectsd to occur in the sita. --
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,, arsa . 24 is.,also their opintom..that the overall .
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~
evidence, both geological and geopa.f 11 cal, strongly .
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r sups: orts the interpretation of lack of tect$nic .
- a -
.
act3vity in the vicinity of Madot. Point during ". thepasttaasofthousandsof3 rears. They support -
.
,
- the opinion exprassed by @% that the out-
,
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aros s referred to ,by the 3ursau of Minas, which they investigated during a trip made to the sita arst, do not show the existence of active faulting."
.
.- ... ,- .6 They also. aggies.qu@ttw _m. and COMTOL that any
.
. .
. .possible activity of Mt. Eatih ,would be on the east side and not on the west flank where the . .
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;' ,
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' "' ' i plaz;t is located. .
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The consultants express satisfaction over
-
- .m -
the at+=*mure'mr curves used by E3ASCO .t:a deter-
-- zw.=; en &--e - mes.m .em .
-
.
. . . . . ._
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been based on dada derived front h and Western '
. . .
. Unifmi Statse w'hich have more ass the same corw L1tions as those' gbtaining in the Philippines.
wh.il,e bo.th of. .them vers.. .not...espec. ially. impressed
* '
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,
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by N.he methodology used by, ERASCC_which they bel: .eved could stand improvement,, they ara %. f ,.
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opinion that the eenclusions arrived at a:th
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the . .. ,
,-
Thev are of the bellaf that, if gre'a ter *
,
b- e. r r e c.t . g
. erofessionalism was shewn in the svaluationer made
,
. .
.
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- by E3ASCO, the resuit would have been a leerer
*
- acceleration value than 0. 35g. ,
3
.. - - -. .-.. . . ...... , g .. .
. .. .
. .
Or t.aunamis, the consultants find that the
. . .
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.
- coagmtation made by ESASCO of a*==v4 - height *
.
, .
. of 10.5 meters for the tsunami run-up at thin
.
plann site appears.to be', conservative. In abort, ,
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they do not foresee any i5 anger from this event.
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A. THF. ANSWERS TO QCESTICNS'NCS. l' E 9:
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Confor:nably to the above discussion, the - . . g , cmunissf.!on submits the following answers to the
- question ls powed by Letter of Instabens No. -
.. ;- -
876. -t-
*f:n .
.
7-' - ,
+
Questier No. 1: . .. ,
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> .
. 3 ) The Bataan Nucisar Reactor Plant GMPP- 1) has beer,found with inadequate safeguards and could .
,
be a potential hazard to the healtS and safety of , the public. It is admittadly not a new danign. _ By 1982, data of scheduled initial eparat.icn of PNPP=1, the desigri (1973) is airsady much ouM*4
.
A. .
,
Ilestinghouse wuld not p2cvi3e additional *
-
l amfeguard.s until ordered by tiba en5 tad states - -
-
Nuclear Regulatory e * =sion. Wcatinghouse further
'
'
almtme, albeit arroneously, that the strictar stand-ards Amamm d ed by the United Statas Nuclear Regulatory
. . .. .
- Causmiss:,ca af ter the L_; "J.le Zs.1armi incident, *
. s
'
- sferred to operating plants only, not to 75PP-1.
,
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l As far as westinghouse is concerned, the Naticnal ' l Power Corporation aust have 'to accept the design of
'
l s- the Sataan Plant for what it is. ' , . .
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,.[
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The categorical =M raion of iiability by top o icials of Westinghouse in the event
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e radical and fundmeental changes should be done ,
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in the design of the Bataan nuclear plant .
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stranchens the conclusion that. no additional , I safeguards on the PNPP-1 design had indeed been
' i
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incor;cratad, as they had themselves also ada.ittad.
. .
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Corstrary to the contantion of' Festinghouse, ,. the sesrentaen (17) unresolved safaty issues
-
addresl sed by tstenty-two (22) tasks la the USNRCI * * - , . . . . l program and the, forty-one (413 proh7 === or un , ,
. .
resol safety issues submittad in a report by , l - the USNRC to Congress were indentified and should
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have blen e p M ded for. Scme of the unresolved
,
issuesI or problema relats to the pressurized
'
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reacto r steam generator tube integrity, reactor-
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vessel, toughness, eseetor coolant pump supports,
'
' toughness of steams generator, seismic design i
eriteria, etc. .
. .
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,
Tha frequency of sceidents is{naciasr reacter plants , not --ch@t5ose dee'igned by westdag
- house, ' ara caminous signals tha$ sifaty is not assured and therefera additional safeguards ara
~
' l impera tive. Depress warranty on the part of the . w
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T7A = 2
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suppli c as to the safety of the plant including , all its vital ccamponent should be required. ,
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- Quest 1on No. - 2 .
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- 2) westinghouse men with Fi'14My trainee ,
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- maployees of the National Power Corporation will
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. man the plant temporarily. The Filipino hands will be coarposed of engineers in the different disciplJ.nes trained in the Westinghouse Nuclear ,
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Field Centar in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Train-twy staated since 1975. After a 11ttia over a
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year,.the operation of the 34taan nuclear plant . will be left en*4 aly to the F111p'1'no angineers. - .
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- These ,F L11pino eagtseers would be , duly iteensed _
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' l trainee operators in operating auclear plants
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in the United Statas and not only 'on simulators.
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Constion No. 3
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- 3) The Phi 1 M ine Atzmic Energy Censmizaton, . .
the Nat i.onal Power Corporation
- and Minist.7 of -
5ealth < mach prepared .smergancy plans for coping
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with radiation - 1g M es. The plan'would
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Lavolve, all government related agencies includi.ug the barr}io captains. l
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[ Nat onal Power Crrporatick Sill shoulder the , '- . .
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damages and costs in case of'mosiaar accidents. . I isational Pows: corporation will'organima a Ph11f.ppine Nuclear Insurance Pool with the ,
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M t Service Insurance Systus, as lead I ' insurer. Liability of the inst.allation operator
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La bol wever limited to five atti.- U' US dollars -
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l for any one nuclear accident pursuant to Republic . I '
- Act lio. 5207, section 42. This law was amended -
l ..- by Presidential Decree No. 1484; which id"*ta be . 11abr.11ty of the Republic of the Philippines in - 1 indesmity agreements with contractors or suppliars , I - of goods or services for an atoalc energy facility or controlled by the gevannment to one hun-
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dred twenty millica US dollars., , _
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Question No. 4 t. .
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. 4) Onder the 1363 Bilatarzl $greement b.i.e.Es the Esgublic of the Philippines and the United i
states Govertseest szchange of ,information . on the
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cit, uses of nuclear energy and related matte:ts is pa dad for. Cur Philippine A*= u Energy.' . e = = _: -M m a w =ag zaxc.zas-
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$100 08 DuC1Sar Safeguar d a With'IthG UnitSd States
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Nucisar Regulato=y (* ==f usion through the United - I States Embassy in* Manila. "2s Philippines is -
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"also ===ha v- country of the.' Int'rnational a Atomic Energy 7,gency and has been receiving IAZA Bulletins. .
cn part 2 of Question No. 4, no_ definite
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s+= 4 M s, ==v4 = or minimum, h~ ave been shown
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to prevenn nuclear contamination becau.se of the poss'ht'+ty that expsours might 5 received under
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a va ety of conditions and circumstsacess hence,
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it is impossible to lay dcwn reccamendations for .
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action levels that would be generally applicehla. '. I nowever, the PAEC, NPC and the Ministry of Health
'I have introduced organizational plans to prevent nucletr contamination. .
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Cuase.Lon No. 5: - *
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5a The occurrence of an eathquake sia11a to tha one that hit Mindanac in August 1377
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(estirsated to be 7.8 magnituda on the Richte:
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scale (isamass P4 ev.ent et 'Napot Point. ~ An earthquake of that magnitude may originata from the known active faults surrounding the
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Central Luzon Tactenic Rzovince ut:1ch are the '
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.Philigpine Fault, the Taal Fracture Zone, and a the Ma nila Trench, only an earthquake from the subdugston zcne of the Manila Trench at its near- .
I esa pctnt of about 70 kms. below Napot Point can u -
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produce .ignificant ground acce2eration ah the
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plant site. That kind of an earthtuake, as well
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- originating from the San Antonio'Fractura ,
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zone, had been&ly considered IA*' ,i rriving at
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the anemieration value of 0.35g. anch a desigs value or 5s2 is believed to be conservative ,
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enough, particularly so when it was increased to O . 4 rg :.n the plant design. Thare is, thereford, ,
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a russMis assurance that the largest postulated ,
. I earthquakes that can be felt at.the plant site ,
would not result in leakage or spillage resulting
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' in nuclear contamination,
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No a Ad. M abla evi= .
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. dance had been found to indicata,that.a red m ,
or f1ciating earthquake which couM not be traced
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- ko onal of the known faults will Mccur at the
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plant site. .
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Ctesidering the elevation of the plant site
- which is 18 meters above :nean. sedlevel, the plant would be safe free a tsunami or t'idal wave re-
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saltirs from an eart.*x;uake of tectonic origin
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i .. similar to the one that hit Mindanao in August 1977,
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it having been shown that the said tsunami had
- I the anximum height of caly 7 meteras. ,
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Questton No. 6: .
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. 6 There is no convincing evidence that the
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Batama Nuclear Power Plant is loEsated on an active or se ;smogenic fault. Scme' geological features, ,
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such as, lineaments, fissures and slickenaides had , been ahown to exist, but all i'avastigations and
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analyses so far conducted have yisided no posi-
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tivo algn that they are active fau.1En, ,
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Quest;.on_we. 7: ,.. .
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. 71 Thers is no record of thh history of earth =
quakes at Napot Point. The rE..d of historical.
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i marthepakes as kept in churca archives could only '
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s t.a c.e the general area where the ' earthquake had
- been felt and the effects thereof. Madr i a the - .
p instruments vers precured ,the spicenters of historical earthquakes could NoE. be ' identified I nor t?cir magnitudes sacerts.ined." PAGASA has a
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. record of same earthquakas that had been felt in sataan during the Spanish period, namely, the
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1 earthc;uakes of November 30, 1645, Decarber 7, 1677, November 5, 1796, september 16, 1952,
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June .1 , 1863, Octcher 1, 1869, and July 18, 1880.
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' The said record does not reveal the epicancars of l said marthquakes nor the c?aznage caused by ths
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9 . . . same in Moring or any other portion of Western ,
. sataan. Since 1900, only.'com earthcruake had been j ' .
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. instrmsentally determined to lunNs its epicentar
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in Ba.t.aan Peninsula and it was of a magnitude
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esti ted to be between 4 and'4.4 on the Richt.ar ,
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scale, or auch below the SSE or flesign value of the taan Nuclear Power Plant. ,
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- Question No. 8: ,
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8 > There is as yet no stable rock formatica -
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in any of our islands which could serve as a par. . manen t: burial aits for nuclear wasta. -
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The Intar- .
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agency Ccommittee created under 'M"iatrative Order No. 389 has non yet chosen the sits or ,
. exact location LA the Philippine [where the ".
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- nuclear waste may be stored. : .
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T'se low level waste will be uced in ,
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w1ame and placed in fitty steel gallons sealed , drums then transferred to the storage W w ng. .
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a Attar one year they will be transfarred to an .
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n+ off-site storage facility, whichiham not. as yet. , m.. L m te1y 1 cat.d. . .
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rhe high level wasta or spent fuel is si:nrad I ' in the fuel storage building in the sita. After l ' '
,four or five years, this spent fuel has to be
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so1Ldified and ' deposited at its final repository,
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the place of which is still uncertain. The .
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daa; era in the handling and fragnant transfers . of Jow, medium and high level wastes cannot be but over-escphasized and a very,nigh degree of ' competence arsd' cars sust be exerc'ised by the
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l . operator. ,. ., ,
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Cuention No. 9.: -
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- 9) westinghouse officials, notwiths amnding
' w the request of the President iz $ s l' attar datad , April 11,197f , have not made any clarification
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on doubts that arose abcut the safety of the
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Bataln a Muclear Power Plant tinos,the T. h M11e 3
, Islanld incident of March 25, 1579. It Was only I .. .
on June 22, 1979, that Weatinghecas sent ita , panel of experts to see the President, long aftar the President had already created the Commaission on Waclear Reactor Plants by vigtne of Executive t Orde; No. 539 dated June 15, 1379. This obviously I .
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danchstratas unwarranted delay and lack. of imme-I diate concern over the safety of the plant .
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- 3. SUMMATION
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.1 3 . The Bataan Nuclear'Pland as designed is
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not safe. Admittedly, it is an old dasign - , , , pl with unresolved safety tasues like othar ,
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West:cnghouse designs under review by usNRC. , .
. Thus, it is a potentdal hasard to~the health
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and safety of the public. .
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- 2. The Bataan Nuclear Plant design needs .
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fundamental changes and additional safeguards. , It ap pears that Westinghouse nuciaar reactors do .
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not have, among others, adaquata amargency core-
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coolig systems. .- .* , - -
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3 . The frequency of aM%dki"in nuclear power reactor plants, of which thei Ccummission takes public I notica, is an omiinous sign that safaty 1.s not-i assured.. It is imperative that the requisita
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safety devices be installed if it is decided to contisue with the nuclear plant. , ,
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The crucial problem of nacisar wasta
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disposal has not been solved, as the Intar-Agency comm19 tee charged with finding a, final rapository b 'f for these vastas has yet to locata a suitable
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placee An international burial sita as ennaioned by the Philippine Atomic 2nargy c' # =sion has
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yet to be located and its establishment is not
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la sight. This is a universal problem.
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- 5. On the question of whether the plant .
can withstand the effects af eehcr'*==, vol-1 . canitt eruptions and tsunamis that may hit or ,
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occur at the plant sita, the C=ummission finds that there is reasonable assurance that any
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.occurrenes of such events, by itself, will not *
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causo leakage or spillage resulting in nuclear v contamination. .
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- The seismic' design of.the. plant (0.4g $32)
- bas ta3cen Anto acccunt the strongest earthquakam
, that may be expected to occur er be felt at the plant sita. Some experts, including our consult- ,
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ants expressed thr. view that said design value
- is ist fact over-conservative. -
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An eruption of Mt. Natib is within th3 realm ,
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of pr@=h'11ty but is considered rancte, since , I it is virtually extinct and had 'not shown activity
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. in clie last 70,000 years. Shoudi it erupe, the 2
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only likaly sigfifficant hazard that it could cause I to t!ie plant would be uhfall. ' , The plant site appears to be safe fress khe
, ~ effe<m.s of tsunamis due to its elevation r.
of 18 matara
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abova mean saa level. The tsu5 amis caused by
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the dvaA=am earthquake of August 1977 had a.
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- run-up of only 7 matars. , ,
The suspected or post:llatEfaults have , not been proved to be real faults, much less . active or seismaganic ones, as shcwn by the investigations and studies conducted regarding eh.js .
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The commission is a W 1y of the view , . tnat , ennetdering partinent matters as they , presently stand, it is to the best intarest of clur ccuntry and people that the project may
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. j cont.inua only if Westinghouse agree to rene- )
I, ' gotiate its contract with WPC. . Such a course l
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of qaction should remedy the' isd:gu'1tous and onarcus .
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sti tions of the contract, provide reasonable
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- assurance of the safety of the nuclear plant,
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f i assure supply of uraniu:n' fuel, 'and allay the -
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fears of the people about its possible harm *. '
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i Moro importantly, Westinghouse should, in that ! I eves,t, manifest and demonstrats that it shares . . b - - guard the welfare of our people ecosistant with
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the ever-pressing need for additional acurces
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Manila, November 13, 1979. -
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(Sqd.) RICARDO C. PUNO Chai.- san -
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- (5gd.) CCMht M. VASCUZ3 (S9d J JOSE G. PM.3".i 3tember anamher'
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T3tDE CCPT November 16, 1973 .
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