ML19270H923

Philippines Commission on Nuclear Reactor Plants, Rept of Commission Inquiry on Safety to Public of Bataan Nuclear Plant

ML19270H923
Person / Time
Site:	05000574
Issue date:	11/28/1979
From:	PHILIPPINES
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NUDOCS 8001080384
Download: ML19270H923 (133)

Text

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L. '. i~ t I s*59 i ~ l TABI2 OF CCN-SNTS. . e t.. Pae. r I. ?REFACE I-l II. THE BATAAN NUCLEAR PI. ANT IIA-1 A. BASIC.9mm INFORMATION IIA-1 I 1 3. QUESTICN NO. II5-1 i The Thram-Mika Island IIB-1 Nucisar Incident 1 Safeguards Tsknn Against j Repetition in the Bataan i Nuclear Plant II3-3 l D. QUESTICH HO. 2 IIC-1 ' b. QUESTICN NO. 3 I.ID=1

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QUESTICN NO. 4 22-1 'F. QUESTION NO. 8 I 2 15 - 1 ~ G. , QUESTION NO. 9 .r. IIG-1 l-III.

• 33 SAFETT. W THE. SIT 3

( A. BASIC CUESTICNS, ISSUESf PCSITIC3S AND ANTZCZ:3r725 IIIA-1 .A.l* Basic Cuest.1cns; IIIA-1 ~ A.3 Site r.ccation of the " ~ Plant IIIA-2 j A.3 The Issues IIIA-5 ~ A.4 The positions Taken by the Parties IIIA-7 S.. THE STAND C"' THI PROPCNINTS .IIIB-1 s 3.1 On Seismicity III3-1 B.2 Cr. volcanism III3-4 3.3 Cn Tsuna=1s II3-2 0 9 5

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t s o s .. g... 6 9.gaf,8 - C Page c c s.. -.. C.. THE S*?JLHD CP THE CPPOSI'ICRS - IIIC-1 c.1 Cn Seismicity .IIIC-1 C.2 On Volcanism I23C-2. C.3 On Tsunamis IIIC-2 D. THE EVIDENCI PRESISTZD IIID-1 D.1 on seismielty IIIn-1 a

• 9 D.2 cn Volcanism IIIs-14

.i D.3 Cn Tsunamis II2D-17 = i i E. DISCUS 3ICN OF THE EVIDZNCE III2-1 I I-E.1 Cn Seismicity 22I3-1 p E.2 On Volcanism IIII-11 k- , E.3 Cn Tsunamis III2-13 E.4 Tho opinien of the ~ IIIZ-14* Consultants IV. CCNCLUSICN i i i. 4. The ANSWERS 70 QUESTICNS. NCS. 1 tc 9 Question No. 1 IVA-1 j 2 Iva-2 s Iva-s' 4 .Iva-t i. 5 IVA-S 6 IVA.-4 1 7 Iva-4 8 IVA-7 t s Iva-.. d. Suw.x Icn g \\ ,n 'h...- %. ':*I

l 4 C-l'. a.',... W :.: ;; S. '. * ,. ~ g I I l P_ R E F A C_E The subject of the.present inquiry, the l Philippine N"cI==r, Pcwer Plant'1p under construction at Napot Point in th'a umfcipality I of Morong, Sa aan, by the Wes * ;nNume Inter-1 national Projects n' 7 any for the operator. I The National Pcwer Corporation, ne'Ma* the super = 1 vision of the Philippine Atemic Energy C m 'asics .s = as the regulatory body concerned under Republie Act No.' 5207 ai amended and other relatod laws., ( rules .d regulations. Censtruction commenced in 1977. While the I wor.4 was in progress, an accident occurred at I tha Three-Mile Island Nuclear Plant in Harrisburg, I Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on March 28, 1979. t Cn' the basis of a latter dated May 10, 1979 .sent to,Ex-Senator Loran =o Tadada by Mr. Augusto'. Almeds icpes, a Fildpino resident at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, former Senator Tadada addressed a { letter cated June 14, 1979 to President Ferdinand I E. Marcos asking, among others, for the' suspens10: of the clonstruction of the Bataan nuclear reactor ~ I.1 . i. g .'.l. e.;.;q. f r. ' ' '

,s ,.ap?., ( = . Plant, alleging that the completion and operation of the roactor plant w1n. create,a. grave a=d pre-I sent danger to the lives of many Filipinos, and I ' urging the creation of a c=mf.i;sion to review the I advisability of continuing the construction. l l In accordance with the suggestion, President i n-Ferdinand 3. Marcos issued Executise order No. i s I 539 on June 15, 1979 creating a - favion to conduct an inquiry en the safety to.the public of I all, nuclear plants in the country ecmposed of - f l I a former senator Lorenzo Ta5ada as Chai man, with I Asse=bjymen Ricardo C. Puno (now Minister of f Jcstice) as co-chairman, and such.'other members as the President may later appoint. In his lactac w' i ; to the resident dated June 20, 1979', Tafiada, hcwever, declined the appointment.. On June 22, ~ ~ l 1979 President Marcos appointed' two retired b justices from the court of Appeals, Justice f Conrado M. Vasques and Justice Jose G. Bautista, . rs of the ecmndssion. Justice Vasques as s t took his cath cf office on June 23, 1979, and 1 Joscles' Bauti.sta v=s sworn into' office on y June 2d, 1979. The comission thus formed then ~ l c=mmenced its work, vich Assemblymen Puno as y j C I=2 ~- .,1

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-. ~ r kr 5:L .u.. a .. et I, 1 t ... = cha.irman and Justice Vasquez and hustice Dantista i as members In his Let tar of Instructionp No. 376 issued . en Junte 14, IS73, President Marcois directed the ~f -=1ou to obtain answers to the' following - -. ~. ~ quaetions4 s ~

• 1..

What specific safeguards, iT any, has been taken against repeti-cion in the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant o'f the Three-Mile Island nuclear inci-dent which cccurred in Pennsylvania, U'. S.A., on March 28, 19797 C Who aru the pect ~.e hho will 2. o perate the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant . aid what.. ar..s.a:.their qualifications? 3. I2r ' case there is an' accident s4mirar to % Three-Mile Island inc1-d at in the Bataan Nuclear Pcwer Plant, w at resourcas, bcch scientific and dustrial,ars available to prevent cbntaminatz on of the surrounding areas and atmosphere as sell 'as the peopl e r'sidin'g thereat? Wo will finance and e pkovi.de facilitics ho prevent cone. m' ns ~ tion and how much wculd it ccut? Who iTL11' pay for the damsges and. costs? I 4. Are we exchanging wi.th or .aining information on nuclear safe-(n./ rds from other countries, like the Uni. tad States through fts Nuclear Regu-14<.ory Cr - *sion which originally re-cpamended the establishment of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in 19617 What are the maxtmum and minimum apcaptable categuards to prevent n12 clear contamination? .t 5. In case there s.iould be an f-. aarthquake similar to tho one that hit . ~ ~ r-3

s a C 1 ~ Mindanac In August 1977, which was of 7.2 intansity en the Richter scale, v411 the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant be able to withstand the shock with-oSh leak or spillage resulting in nuclear contamination? Can.it with-sund a tsunanti or tidal wave caused by. earthquake of tectonic origin similar t4> the tsunant thar. hit Mindanao in August 19777 6. Is the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant located in a fault in.the earth's surface? + f .7. What is the history of earth-qpakes in the particular sita of the Bataan Nuclear Pcwer Plant?,, 8. Where, how, and by whom will-nuclear vasta be disposed of and what arm the rink involved in the* disposal { v m.du=., - ~ S. About a week after the Three-. W.le Island ineMet on March 28, 1979, I, directed the Ministry of Energy to ri.pquire Westinghouse,to send.. experts- ,,to the Philigd w, that have areassCas.,to explain doubts . pecially.in-the ~ d of t.5m.? resident about the safety 'o the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant. '4hy has not Weistinghouse done so up l f to now?" t l The Ccwainston started th'e,iMry on June 23, 1379akthePhilippineInternationa'lConvention 0 Cantarg Roxas Boulevard, Metro Man *1=. The parti-I c1 pants who entaied regular and. special appea.~ 'ancu al t the initial hearings..in.'their evn behald i ~. .or in 2.he :ucee's7MNyrdacipais ge: Atty, ..w.-2 y- .g. e ...I, e M

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Lorenzo TaBada, Atty. Joker A..wie,., Assemblyman Anton;.o Roman, Jr., Mr. James S. Mo' ore,,Mr. tJ. l gerald R. Carroll., Mr. Waltar Wilg3, Mr _ James.,,,,# z T Cronin.,. Mr. James C. Woeber, Mr. John D. _. g.._ Bankows.ky, Mr. D.aniel W. Call., Mr.,,,,Raymond J. l

• Sero, Energy Deputy Minister Gabriel Y. Itchon, Realth Minister Clemente S. Gat' mattan, Dr. Segundo I

moxasi Energy Minister Ceronimo Velasco, Dr. Zoilo M. Bartolome, Dr. Carlito Aleta, Mrs. Nora,- Fotines, Assemblynan P.oque de Gu= man, Atty. ' Doming lo Allena, Engr. Angel Lauro, Jr., Engr- 'Andras 51sca, Engr. Francisco,Lf==ta, Engr. Virg a calmana, Engr. Matias Arreola and Dr. Salvader Roxas Gonzalas. ~ its =ssolution of June 23, 1979 the [ en=ra#ssion gave the participants who had entarmd ~ regul appearances five (5) days from June 23,. \\ 1979 within which to submit their respective n positi'on papers ccntaining the answers to the I que'sti'ons listed in I.e.tter of Instzuctions No. 876, s,erving copies thereof to the other part.1-l cipants. In turn, the particip4.uts upon whom I the pcsition pape=s had been served, were directed to film adverse position papers within five (5) ~ ..a i'

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, ~. : 3 $ $.* ~ days from' receipt, likewise cen*aining their I the s size htions. ~ . respective ansvers to he participa'ats who suhaitted position papers were then grouped into paria'is, thus: I restinghouse Panal 3 - Mr. Jamais"r Cronin, I i ~ ,/ .Mr. Walter W11gus t Mr. James S. Moore k Mr. Cars 1d R. Carrroll i l Mr. James C. h'oeber . r. John D. Hankowe)cy 4 Mr. Daniel W. Call Mr. Raynond J. Saro Mr. Willian Mcward A.wid, Mr. Aurs A. Si==cns Mr. David Yorg Rational Power Corporation. Panel: Mr. Gabriel Itchen j Atty. Marcelino 'Ilmo ", - Mr. Elgino Ibarra Mr'. Josue Polintan Mr. Jose Torres l Philippine Atoatic Energy 'C'c=idissicn Panel: 1

• Dr.* oilo Bartolome Dr. Carlito Alata Atty. Gumersindo Maniquiz Kr. 3:nesto Medis Mr. Ed11berto Cabalfin' ;

Dr. Charles Willis' f Comruission on Volcanology panel: Dr. Gregorio Andal Burasu of Mines Panels t Dr. Pcuneo Luis Mr. Cscar Crispin- 'l Ministry of Health Panels Former Minister Clementa Ca**attan Dra. Celia T. Anatalic Miss Agnetto Peralta ( i 1-s-I. [ a

~, s-. "23ASC08 Panel: Mr. Nor=an Tilford Mr. James G11more

• • I Mr. Charles Healy Mr. O*Donell iis Mr. John Holly l,'.
• Mr. Indra Gupta Mr. Garry Stirewalt "

" PAG-ASA* Panel Mr. Teodoro Macalineag Mr. Rolari.o valenzuela TJdiada Panal: ~~ Atty. Lorenzo TaHada Atty. Joker Arroyo Acty. Francisco Rodrigo' Mr. Achilles del callar Mr. Carlito Barril 3ataan I3P Chapter Paneli '~ Atty. Jai:na Guerrero Atty. Wilfredo Di=ca, Nftional Society for'snf E logy and Earthquake Engineering of. tie Philippines (

• NS*m"). Panel:

Engr. Angel Lazaro, Jr. Engr. Andram Ht=en Sc:sahang Pinika ng Pilihinaa. Panel: Dr. Saivador Roxas Gonzales t ~. While the office of the.Nartfonal Science Developsnent Board did not suh=rit any position I paper,IAtty. Lilian Angeles and'Mr. Marcial Diamants,underwr1ttenauthorithofMr. t Segundo V. Roxas, Officer-in-Charge, acd.vely participated in behalf of NSDR I ~ The Commission met in session.s beginning g v I=7 u..

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~ ..p. June 23, 1379. The. hearings G ~=f.ed on se p ember 14, 1979. F.1xty-four (64) witnesses testified befora the c i ission, namely Jose C. Torres, James Moore, Raymond Sero, Gerard ' Carroll, Walter W11gus, D= a 41 call, Will4a= Howard Jb:..old, Alfredo Orquia, James Noeber, Tomas Dilig, ' Antonio Cald= bas, Charles I smaney', David Ferg, 31gino Ibarra,.::oilo Barto1 cme, l Fr. Romeo Mangatan, Conrado Lisanen, Aura Siwnn, i Nor: nan Tilford, James Gilmore, Charles Femly, Josue f Polintan, Tristan Calasanz, Francisco Ga11=sa, l Gabriel Itchon, Atty. Cristobal, Carl.its Alata, I ~ Charles Willis, Atty. Gumersindo Maniquis, Ralph g 31ancof John Healey, Reynaldo de Dies, Edv.ard G' t Denne11, Ed11berto Cabalfin, Ernesto Mejia, Cregorio a. Andal, 'Tecdoro Maca11ncag, Roland Valen=uela, Oscar Crispin, Romeo Luis, Ministar C1&mante Gatsraitan', i Dr. Celia T. Anatalio, Agnetta'Peralta, David Leeds, Ingr. Andres Simen, Indra Gupta, Salvader Rcocas Clonzales, Jaime cuerrero, Sch1Iles del Callar, 2:= ecto Sonido, Carlito Sar:11, Atty. Jokar Ar..cyo, i Atty, Lorenzo Tanada, 011mpio Peda, Atty..Marcelino Ilao, fxturo Alcara=, Regelio Datuin, Ricardo Pala-brica, James Cronin, Jchn D. Hankowsky, Gerry C I-- .,. =, *.,h; ~ n.%,.*., * =,

7 Sti=awalt, and Atty. Wilfredo DL::en. ~ i i. Voluminous documents and'**vh nits'wero pre- ~ sented by the participanes as follows: Winstinghouse International Projects company 23 exhAbits with deveral sub-eshihits. N<ttional Pocar Corpcratii:ht. as licensee, and ~., e its consultant, 23ASCO 73 - 9dhits with several i sub-*vMbi ts. P lippine Atcmic Energy e~==9sion: 16 main i exhibit,s with several sub-exhibits! The Ministry of Health: 5 exhibita with C several sub-exhibits. ':'? e Bureau of Mines: 14 zEs1 ,chihits with ~ several sub-exhibits. Th e *NSSIIP* pansl: S av%Ik NE with savoral sub-ex41 bits. Thle Batsan I2P chapter: 25 exhibits and several 1 sub-exhibits. Thle Ta5ada Panel:92 exhih15St.with as suury sub-exhibfts. Be> ides these exhibits snhref eted by the ~ partici ants, 14 additional documents werc marked and dancminated as "i spection avh 4 kits. " s. ? C r y... - g; z.sm,.~.:. : - c..

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f. At; the close of the hearings on September 14,

1979, t:he C*maion gave the partia.2/ participants i

a peri :xt of 30 days, to expird ca. October 15, 1979, ^ within which to file si=u.Ltanaeus. memoranda, and up to October 25, 1979 within which to file reply-memoranda. ~ ?<o world-renowned seismoregical and geophysical expertj scientists came to the Philippines to assist and cou!nsel the Cc 'saica en Nuclear Reac or Plants in the technical evaluation of the a k' hits, testi-monies evidences, records and matarials gathered by the Commission during its hearings, namely, v .Dr. Cinna. I.omni.t=,. head. ~of the. Geephyst.cs Inatia tute of the. National Univ.ers.i..ty of Ne.5cico, and ._.. Jesse Carl.- Stapp of Les Angeles, California, Dr 7 ~ ~ Dr. Stttpp arrived en October 20, 1979 followed by I ~ . Dr. Imit: en October 22> 19.79. Both left the Philippines on November 1, 19.79. Dur1ng that

Period, they participated in a. series of consulta-tive meetings with the Ccmission and conducted aa ocul ar inspection at tha B=*==

plant atta on octobez 27, 1979. 'Cn October 31, 1979, they ren-dared pair respective written reports. I Pete a better perspective, we have divided l the ninie (9) concerns posed by the' President in f* = - la .L- ,e ..-:.. ~. ~.

"%e. e ~ Latter of Instruction No. 876 f.sto,two parts, namely: I. the nuclear plant co w 47.1on safety design question (Quastions 1 to. 4, ~ 8 and 9), and II. the safety of the sita f,Cuestions 5, 6 and 7 f. r- ....u. u

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. = l4 ~. i. .tAA:_.. se-1 11 t I II. THE BATAAN NUCL31R PC*dE2 PN I . r s=....r. - a.g n. ~ n....

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~. A. E ASIC BACKGNUND IN70PMATICS' i The Philippine Nuclear Power Plant (PNPP=1) v undarscing ccastruction at Napot. Point, Muni- ... < =. .i...

• i e cipal.1,ty of L %, Province of Sataan and a

j scheditled for operation in 1982, is a two-loop I Pressttri=ed Water Reactor System of Westinghouse 1 International Projects Company (WIPCC), suppliar, I l i designer and =anufacturer. It wocid prov1de t ateam to power a turbine generator with a not

• 1 cal output of 620,000 kilowatta., Full' I

elec'1 construction ;k:. sit was granted My the Phil-Eppbel 55:$E e Enere2[ CEsskon to the htational' }. Power Corporation (NP ), applicant'.and proposed j licensee of the one-unit nuclear reactor plant only oln April _4, .i _979, about. seven.(7) days. " 1 i ._.fter the "Th.ree-Mile.I.s.MA I. n.t-Wat. " The Westinghouse P:essurt=ed Watar. har-tor (PWR) is l a standard design and all types, be they of the three; loop or four-locp kind, haye allegedly . the same safeguard systa=s. Tha.only differenca lies [n the capacity or not elect =1 cal cutput, which s"71y means - the more tha loops, the I greater the generating capacity., c .s ..a. ~ IIA - 1 ~ .I a...

Ne now essay a description, ever so brief1, of tha' fundamental operation of the questian of safety of the plant. The reactor I coolant system for the PNpP-1 conslists of a reactor and two closed reactor..' coolant loops l

• ' ' connected in parallel arrangementto the re-

v actor vessel, the plant's fur - each Icop

~ a reactor coolant pump ar(,stsam gene.- having rator. 'Bigh pressure watar M Idhtes through ' the reactor core to remove heati generated by the nul clear fission process. The. heated vatar l ..g. exits frem the reactor vessel and passaa ', throug the coolant loop piping bs the staam. ~ L geners-:. ors. Hars it gives up its heat to the feedwaver to generata stamm for the t u ha genera 1::or. Af F.a= the staa:n antars th,e turbine, j .it is condensed into feedwater,and pt=rpad back to the steam generator to repeat its heat transfer cycle., The condensor is.a large heat exchangler that derives _1ts coolant frca a ence-through flow of seawater providad by the cir-culatirig water system. (Whf hit C = Westinghouse). Dt=1=g normal operation of the nuclear I power reactor, about 160,000 gall of seawater i .per minute would be pumped in to -p ide cooling water to the condensers whicN al='imderneath the turbine the water circulatas and discharges y. IIA -- 2 ... w x.:;i.:.:] ^

(, ~ again to the sea, this td:se 12 to.15 degrees centigrada above normal temperatur'e. A large cylindrical structure known as . the con *M-mt building surro~ i2dAthe con ~ u ~ 1- =rm vastan. aarv-as as 4 a.1ssue And a ~ biological shield." This bu11 dins houses the reactor, staam generators and other ma-jor .v,,nc nts. Its walls are 1.49 :neters th.ick and hea vily enforced with enough steel to produce a 6 =:s har 12,500 k11c=eters long. The contain:sent buildisq is 52 :neters high, frc:a e ground level, 30 matars in diamatar and con-t nected with and supported by a concrets found-g ation =et up to 18 meters below ghuud, level. The contaf'2msnt building is daisigned to, be airtight. ,No amplosion is allegedly possible, t as hydr l ogen by itself, without oxygen, I does.wt To cbtain a pessible ignition, hy- , explode drogen level in the containment build.ing should reach 4 to 8 per cent, and oxygen present should be of appre"== te level (p. 13', t.s.n., June 25, 1979 a. a.). Moreover uraniu:s 2.35, generally used in thermal reactor plants is not =uffi-ciently enriched to create nuclec explosion like a bcmb (p. 13, t.s., June 25, 1979 a.m.). But the ecmponent jarts of the plan.t, the re-actor 1.tself, could be bicwn up by a strong y <-l s I2.A ,3 .,s T.

stesa explosion (p. 1,' t.s.n., June 25, 1979, 11:10 a.m.). 'Nhe' contain==at vessel, on tha. _other hand, ' hick. de- .is a steel pressuis vessel '38 usi t signed and constructed to centsin,' any radio-active discharge during nor=al operstion and to mairtsin its integrity and function during and af ter any postulated accident."

• Ad: acent to the containment building is the ae4'fary building complex consisting of the "c ntrol building which serves am the nerve n

of the entira facility, tha diesel gene- ~ cantar i mg M :provides<ame=gency electri-zator in4 w 1 ca.1 power in the event of Icas of normal power I supply the fuel storage building fc= the sto-a l e rage of new and spent fuel, ther inte M fata g t t ~ l buildi.wir and the aux 311ary building." These buMMalgs are being built of heavily rah #cread i um similar in design to the containment concre-bailding and would_be supposedly provided with + l amergency safeguard systems and auxiliary, equip-he addition of a high cooling tower to ment. ~ the 3a :aan.Nuc1e'ar~ Plant'is alleged to be a ~ t this major <support in case of emergency, as i .._ g would assure supply of essential cooling wated e n.1 4 ay.".. e. e

C to the pr1 ary safety-related facilli:y c=...-- ~ ponent;s. The needed water would.come fress 13 deep wl alls within the nuclear,ww .3 und ccaplex. ~ All structures in the plant are designed to withstand the hori= ental accelerstion of 0.4 times t:he force of gravity or 7.5'intansity ~ Ah the Richter scale (pp. 11-12, t.s.n., June 25, 1979 a.m.) A housing area fc= workers and nuclear technicians was constructed in Sagac, Bataan, about seventeen (17) kile:seters frca the nuclear plant sita. C During the progress of co ' ' ' ^ #o'n of i the containment building, h_cneycebs on Block 1_2 we.r,el fir.st _noted. when the for= work was.re-t move.d, and~the ref.nforcing bars were seen shew- . ~ _ ing portiona of t!.a surface of.the ccncrota ~.... - _ not fuT,1y ecvered as they should he. The dis-covery was reported in tho Inspectors' Repo.. of Janua..y 31, 1978. Block'12 is a reinforced ' concrete cylindrical vall, l'.49. meters thick,

• 3.69 matters high with an out=.ide Af =~ter of 36.88 meters.

It is the second to the last block }.o be poured before the reactcr shield I builms is erected on tcp of the foundation (p. 7SC, Vol. !!!, Rec. ). The boneyecmbs .s ' - u. 6. ( IIA - 5.- g,

were 1!aund *at the interior face of the wall and not at the exterior face" (p. 695, vol. II, Rec.;

p. 11, t.s.n.; August 30, 1979, 8:40 a.m.,

Wh f N t 66-NPC). h [. ~ Tt e existence o'f the honeyecab in Block 12 does tot appear to have been officially re-i._.. ported or disclosed by NPC to.tha. P.h114ppine . Atmaic Energy Comunission '(7AEC),. and when,the atten*"an of the regulatory body was called g .. ~ _ . af tar :an.. audit by its regulatory staff cn PNPS-1, West 1sghouse. had already scheduled the " grouting of the bot *--head of the s teel con ** * ="t, which vould._essent.ially cover ther honeycomIs. l so neti:ne in January 1979, a rough eva-luatic::: report of the 'Concreta Repair Proca-dure for Block 12' was prepared by P. C. L.1u of EBASCO Services Corporation (WH'1 bit 13-C, Bataan ISP Panal). Prem a visual.'1nspectica, the nn-lor or extensive void,or honeyecmb areas.' I were at the interior phase of 'tha wall and the I defectd.ve areas were estimated'to cover T I approx:.mataly#30FM%5s'intertor surface in 1 the loger half =cr.e of the wal.L of. 31cck 12. The ved ds cau. sed by air entrapment were ex-I tensive The deepest were found 't:c extend approximately 6 to S inches behind the first (, l IIA ,6 i

i-~ L-layer of the ver.tical reinforcement but thera expcauraofsecondlayebofvertical was no re-ban Core samples wara + ^aw.at Block 12. By order of the Philippine Atcmic Energy Ccamisa ion, NPC was ordered to desist frca .r Jagrouthg. the,.bo,Q.hed of the-metal contain- .? mant ard pouring concreta. theroed untti app 11- ~ cant shall have submitted preefs sa+ d-facto.mf to PAEC, that internal volds do not exist with-in slo 12 of the reactor concre'ta shield and thereby :r.aintais the structural integrity of I the reactor building. Applicant was enjoined to submlit plans for corrective action for the C=mmission's evaluation and approval beforo ..y actual corrective work is undertaken (Ex-hibit 1 3-D, Bataan '.37). The Philippine Atomic Energy <* - 4aston was the 1 officially inferr.ed by NPC of the iel pair of Block 12 and of the dry pack-needed ' 'ing to be used in tha'31ock 12 repd r. The .~. . r, ocedura for repair and..'.the re.pa...i..r i.tself p were re erred to experts an.d later.appro.v.ed ".by PAEC on June 4,1979, af ter itz ; inspectors had visited the completa activity bd submitted I their r9 ports (p. 16, t.s.n., Acqu5t 30, 1979, 9 : 30 a.ml.). C .*,..u,. .s..M.b.. ^ J: ;TA - 7

/~ ~- At the hearings before this ccaniss16n, ' the Sataan/ISP Chaptar Pane 'c'I= M that the .repaiz of the extaasive and major internal,, voids and honeycombs in 31oc_kJ2 !appe.ar_to_ - ~ ~ ~ be unprc,._ Manted in the field of nuclear re- .... = actor building c.onstruction because. the pro-cedura s failed.to cite any USNRC Cr PAEC ru.le or regulation as, guide in the evaluation and repair of said damage. McVever, the procedura, cutlined above under the supervision s.nd orders ~ frem tse Philippine regulatory ecemission a.s ~ g _._. - - - - ~ supported by the exhibits (M#%1ts 13-3 to 13-E, 5ataan/*3P; Exhibits 68 to 69 and rami-fications) have not been successfully contra-- dicted The Bataan/ISP Chapter la==nted that PAEC ade : :> 1cr*!.ar i=:;drias as

2.e a w a1 susa or can ses in the damage of aleck 12; and t.ht no expLanatdon about the cause or cauces of such a:ctensive~ and major intar=al'. voids and honeyec=bs were offered or disclosed by NPC when tQe reactor building appears to be the most safety-sens'itive structure in the Bata.2n Nuclear l Plant.

Oppositors alleged.. t.ht e: sternal I factors such as the seapage of wat.er into the I:UL - 8 '.2

hardening concreta f:cm 'ari uiwvyd sprong unde.mine the foundation of the building as well na affect the stability of the soil on which .the building meats.*~ Ezeept for hearsay inforsa.. 1 w- ~ tion fra:a workers on the ex1 stance of the supposed ~ spring, the Sataan/T3P Panel f=f'M to introduca competent evidence on the point (4.:. 2, t.s.n., L Augusd,30, 1979, 9:20 a.m.). ~ ~ ...y.. .... t. O g ! *s.%. ~ e g g 4

• .p.

-.4,:.* A. g.. *

• 6e. p of.

e IIA - 9

s t B. Oc2STTOM NO. It W9.T SPECIPrc SAFEOtIAES, IF ANY,1 HAS BEZN TJUCZN AGAINST REPT"ITICN IN THE BA'M" NUr v -' M PC.frR PLANT CF. THE. TE-- MILE ISI.AND NUCLEAR II;CIrENT W.'.,IC3 OCCURRED IN PENNSYLVANI.A, U.S.A. ON MAltC3 23, 19797 THE TERE 2-MILE ISLtW NUM.'39. INCIrEhT The subject tru.ident happened at Three-Mile Is;and. Unis

of Babcock and wilecx Re=

I actors on Ma.rch 22, 1979 in Harrisburg, Pens-sylvania, U.0.A., a few months af ter ialtial cperation. The cause was attf buted pr1=arily tea (1.) 'operater er==r, and (2') malfunE. tion and ambiguity of certain c=mponents. j }.. r...... As tb No. 1, the operators turned off pre-naturely four (4) large pu=ps which'circulata the reac a ecolant in the roactur3' M acticn damaged <:he nuclear fuel which had formed a sub-j stantial quantity of hydrogen gas. Furthe=more, the cperators prematurely ta$:ninetad the h.igh Pressure injection flow apparently ccafused by I the pressuriser level indication. This led to further reduction in prd$.ary coolant inventory. j Ae to No. 2, the malfune-tion in the e 5 feedwater*. system caused the pu$ pin to trip which, e g g V m._ g ..,,' d *. e % ;e 0 y .-[

,,., ph.d... : , in turn, cassed the ~turhise genaistior to turn ~ of1' anct stop generating electric 1'ty. The flow of the vatar va5 blocked by a clemed pressurizar electrematic relief valve. This valve cpened asdes*J gned, but failed to close again when I prese e decreased belcw actuatica. level. The core r%= age had foz:med a substantial quantity of hyd:cl ogen. gas. Efforts ware made 'to step the ine-4ttent gaseous releases by transfering the i radioactive water into tha prima::y conta #"e="t' I

• bu11 ding - and which water flooded.the. floor of I

this contad.nment structure. Radicactive watar ' was transferred to the nearby =v41

• m build-l ing, and radioact1ve gases escaped.. In the two

e.. s .bu11 # ' s and into the at=caphare. - For a time i p i 7 NRC reportad release of radioact.1vity to a level of 1200 rem above the reactor site. tip be the close of the hearings befera t.m 4 Ccamiss on on September 14, 1979, or.169 days e s.~ after the inWant, no evidence was presentad that thik damage to the plant at T'Lm. e-Mile Island a been rapa. ired. Reports 'frcas. the ~ ~ senata suelaar Requiation sub-Cca:sittee mantica ~ a hard to repair".d.mak.which h5.ndars clean up ' 7.;.,.;. -2

• g s.

E. ~ m.2

4.. a

- e t 3

e. -.

t e s. . ~ rp, operations and thraatans further,;ralease of r=A*^=ctive wastas. One million, ga.ticas of I \\ highlp radicactive vatar are ncy stored at the site at TMI. Centaminatad watar Ifrca the d==ged _ _ 4, P.lant .11 ex.c..e.ed._s..t_orage faci.l.it:y.,and.. capacity .withir 40.dags and. be.Isleased_i.nto.the environ- . ment tnlans steps ar.e taken.soen_.to c.l..e..a. _n. i.t up -..-.. and to find additional means to stere it (Daily ......_t t Express, September 30, 1979 frca Washington, U.S.A. ). i: SAFECUARDS "AKZ3 ACAINST REP 2J.riCN IN THE f.ATAAN NUCL3AR PI AI.T OF THE THR.EE-MII.2 IS-ED r. CIDerr In i. ts_,, position papar, Westinghouse ci.a1=m that h "short..ta=m".modifica. tic =s.. covering sa.fe r ~ guards

• x x x had already been inco..rpo.ntad into.

the. Pte, ? -I design.'._m.ren before th.e occurrence of the TMI incident (p. 155, Vol. I 5tec.) - We f4nd it.b. are. to believe that Wes+ NA..m. s.e.ha.d.. ~long g. anticipated the..d.efi.ciencies at. the TM'I plant, pa..rticularly in thosa components that wel fune - .tienedlontheMarch 23, 1979 incident. The Task Force of USNRC reported among others, .. f,*;$'. t'.. - that: r

• z x x.

Nt Three-Mile Illand, seme of the safety svstems vers w I23 .3 L ;.,....

• 8

~. challenced to a creatar e:stant er kn 6a diff erent mat:.ner uns.n was antL= ci ated in tamir caalgn casts Many of the events that occurred were - kn to be possible, but vers not previonalv Sudced to be surriciently probacle tc :=cuira censicaration on the desian ' asis. ocerster esrcr, extensive core camace, ana.orecuction of 61arce cuantsey of hycroce.n trem the reaction of 21res.llev clsesine anc steam were foreseen as cessible events, bue were exclucec frem tne cessen basis, since olant safsti =c.sm es vere provicen to crevent suca occur-rences." (71 rat Report, p. 10, Exa. 74--Tanada, attached to Mcmorandu:n for Bataan ISP Panel). 4 It,would be o.v.er. ly c_andid_and..._ stretching tha .3 imag1:ud. tion t.o..o_fa.r to believe that the nuclear r' enginee{rs of Westingher*e_ had Sessis".able to L anti. \\ afpata *1* such ~Ww==ar== 'th3t-hTz6eened at M and incl rporate the mechanisms to remedy the then o unfores'een deficiW' cfsi In the Amnion of the a .: 2 PNP P-1. l, ,l';, . ~. _ Witb respect to "[o, . tar:m" W 4 "Ica,tions or. l actions: on design modification, all Wastinghouse would aad could say is that thczer.eaM by ~ the U.Sr Adviso:y Cocnission on Reactor Safoguard ~ l (ACRS) and the U.S. National. Regulatory r"-f *sion (USNRC)',are not ident111,ed as. reactor _safegual-ds. We directed Westinghouse to subnit in colu=nar ' form the remota causes, the proximate causes of C u3 - A. -s 4 .L

a 1 . the T:C. incidant, tho. _g term w *"icatione and the additional safeguards. .. West.inghouse ccmpi.Led by' submitting Docu::hant.No.14-R-1 and 14-B-;t which obviously shcw ?mdas the eclumn l

• Modification," the phrase d rone,*1dentifded at i

--- - l-present t.ime.' Similarly, under 'the column " Add 1M = =1 Safegua=ds, if Any,#:the answer - _..... ~....

nostly given is "Nene idan.64 di..e..d A._t Prasant Time."

mut hew couls these'long'.te=m w **ica-tions be unidantiftsd when they refer to ":nors fundamental questions in the des,1,gn and opera-tien cf nuclear pcwer and in th's licensing l s_ . Process" and, grouped 1o64, generni safety crite a, system design.6ame'nts, nuclea= l power lant operations, and nuclear power plant licens,i 1ng (p. 16, First Repos.t of :2C-2 Lassens ~ 7enzned Task Force, Exhibit 74-Tafada)? Even in the USNRC report to Congress pchlished t January 1979, "savanteen (17) unresc1ved Safety L Issues, addressed by 22 tasks.in the NRC pro-I grc:a vero identified (p. 2, Exh. 90-Ta5ada). n some of the unresolved safety issues relate to I . the pressurteed water % actor _ stema senerator I tube integrity (A-3,. A-4,. A-5) ; reactor vessel material toughness, fracture, toughness of f v II3 ,S e e

c = r- ^ a...-. :a.. (* ...,ggl.>y. m. stanza q-e and zaector: mNe pu=p aueocrts

• g (A-123, seismic design criteria (A-4.0 ), etc.

A few days lata =, Westinghouse subszittad another docu:nent (Doc unant No. l'4-B-1 and 14-C-1, l s-pp.162-D to 162-J, Vol.1, Rec'b, but still f ap~ - -*ng under the column "1cag taz:n and short t.aza =Md *1 cations" is the usual answex given beforel "none identified at present time.'

• Under {the column "Additienal Safeguards If any,* c

~_ it is no..t clear to..the t'r==d_ssion.- nor..did, Westin house explain - whether the answern ,_{ given ara,ad_dttional safeguards, or safeguards alrea exi.. ting in t.he design cf..P5PP-1. ~ Apparently,_Wastinghouse has. zhs_t provided i or does not. plan to include _any add.itional safe-guards because in its finished design all it can this Ccamissica 'is that., if required cr. assure deerned.' nocessary by the USNRC ' or.the _Philippi.ne ' . 3. - Atc:mic Energy Ccadiss:l,cn, it would. incorporata any adcLitional safeguards so required, wasting- ~ -. house Jd.leges, that, any 2cdification_in their present design would be "out of the state of the art" o beyond the limits of erasent day *achno-p logyr that the discovery of the. latest safety device !should ccme fr::n other so'u=ces, not frem e s. j II3 - 6 e .. au.m..

s 3-L_ '? ? .j Westinghansa_. tSus, Ja:ses Moors, 'Westi.p.use _ genera $ :nanager on' Nuclear Power Divis1M con-t firmed that Westinghouse would install the latest safety devices that nay be. discovered seven after the signing of the cost =act with the - c. National Power Corporation of the Philippines I for the Bataan Nuclear Power Plans-(pp. S S** S 9, i

t. s. n.,

June 23, 1979, p.m.). Ecv unknowing, unconcerned,Ior unswaro 4 West 1nghouse can be on what are and what :nay ha the nature of the. additional, safeguards,.is.. indicated in its sweeping yet cateocrical = =--- - I assumption.of.llability and warranry for the safetyEcf the pisnt, and is well hnst=ated i ' ollowing portions of the thsti:nony of.. by the Mr. Aur.a A. S.i =.nons, Vice-President of fiesting g house International Projects C~-eany: 'MR. TA9ADA. Without kncwing thel ncture of the safeguards to be reqjuired, you are cer=:Lita d g Weshtney= house into the incorporation of these safieguards to the Bataan Nucisar Plant? MR, SIMMONS. For those safa-- guards that may be premulgated as a raa' lt of the Three-Mile Island, ih u

nadh a sustament that Westinghousa

~ will provide those. MR. TASADA. Without at present kneving the natu: s and kind of, those saf'equards? L g M ..... IIB - 7.. a

C-MR. SIMMCSS., Tes, sir. M1t. TAftADA. suppose the additional safegubras to be requ. ired would need a radit:a1 change of your. plant itself, would you still introduce.those safe-guards? % SIMMONS. I believe that.that vaa tha statamant. Yes, sir. MR, tat.ADA: Now suppose the cost of tha a safeguard to be required would be around $50 million, would you in-corperate that? MR, SUO!CNS. I =ust answer it,

• yes, 1$ it tcok that much to =ake the Bataani Huclear Plant sada.

MR T.1L1*ADA. Thank. you. And at whose expense would that introduction of thcae safegua.Ms be? MR ; S7MtCNS*/EIn all probability, most.cf that expense would be to Westing-house pecount ,:: cst if not _a13 *," (pp. 2-3, t.s,n., July 9, 1979, 2T30 p.m.). i what you are tEying Ts CsA:ssAN. to asyiis, if by the time beeween now and 1943 there shculd be additional ~ safe 07! requirements that will 'be_ra-quired:by the NRC, Westinghcuse would ~' Install them in Sataan? ' .'~~ MR SIMMCNS. Yes_, si.r. o MR, CHAIW.AN. You are undertaking that as your responsibility? MRo SDOCHS. Part of our responsi-

b111ty, yes, sir."

(pp. 2-3, t.s.n., July 6, 1979, 8:15 a.m.). m.y q :' Mr, Simmons in his own words admittad that".

• the Sataan Nuclear Plant is not a new design";

s. 4 N. - ~ II3 S ,, s. -M t ,5 i

t ~ ( L that *,t is an existing das,ign c='back fitted -into the system design which'if neces,sa=y they I wi.u be back fitted into the Batsan Nuclear 1 Plant 21 x x" (p. 8, t.s.n., Culy 9, 1979, ? 2:30 p.m.). _ v. - Mr St e mn has ef tted Wes+<Wuse with respect to the future requirements of trDIRC and Acas arm to answer for the necessary ad-just:ments on the lant for sabaty including. h ances due to its, ernonstrated failure on qu2d.ity assuranes I of ec.Sonents used. I. "THE CHAIRMAN. Should azperts of b the same qualifications as your good-self 1ccX at the two systezas and, f.ind cairtain saf t ty =aasures in Kori '5, 6, 7 8 are added measures, would you b willing to install the:a in; the - Ba.taan plant? MR. SDDICES. Yes, sir. M2. ' CSA.I3 MAN. Now, lik55dae, as a scientist you have an open sind.and it'is said that the more you know, the ~ more humble a man beccmes. And. you are ' ochn to the mssibility that what vcu say may not always be che uit.1=.ats ~ trtsth. opening our minds to.that con +d'- gency, if in your dissertatica. that al the possible consequences that you do not expect =ay arise or there are g.7.,unda to show that they would arf se and there are-wafety measures, that are proven to exist, would you. be;w41' 4 "g tol.make these adjustments 7. O _s-s. G ~ II3 - ) g i 3 .. h.:

3{ .I ~ C sr2 *. + - JGL. S2:3tc Es, Z ' vill apAak for. my crsupany and the answer is.yes, sir. TEE C3AIEMAN. New, would that ba a part of your under** W in connection with this plant? MR. SDot0NS. Yes, sir. * '(pp. 4-5, t a.n., July 6, 1979 ; S:15 a~m.: also p ' 3, t.s.n., July 6, 1979 r y, 9, t.s.n., J.ly 9, 13 79, 2 : 3 0 p.m. )...' N - ... s. Once againe Mr. SL: mons far frex sattsfyLug ~ i the ccanissica by presenting c.W.la prcofs or l additictial'safeguseds, under his oath just made anothe=Iexpress warranty as ahewn by t.he. follow- ._..y,.,. C-ingr. "JUSTICS EAUSTISTA. Now, with respect to these puraps that would be used at the Bat:aan Nullen: Plant, is i't alraady da-I ~ signed and existing as of the presenc Lias? MR. SIM MNS. Yes, air. 'All the' pumps are exsetly the sana in all of the plants. JUSTIC:: 3ACTISTA. Of what vintsge ary these pumps 1:hst woul.1 be,, brought here? 04 what year? MR. SDe*CNS. They are in,manufac-turing now. I belleve that.. tia shipping date from the United States sculd pro-haSly be Noverabar or Decembe.r 1979. JUSTICZ 3AI??!STA. Ware these pumps Ine luded in those : anufactured in 19762 MR. SIMNCalS. They ar's like the pu=zps that vera ~anufactured in 1976. Yad, sir. r ~ L I 223 - 10 , t,i. l-

.i:L L-fyQ~Q-:.D. Ut:373r.. ds--m... I;hav,e read articlas-+ + M zulatad that Westing- .hbuse pu:rps! that vara beir.g'. sold to Skeden la that year,1976, wara re- $cted because of lack of quality. . Cun you say anythf my to that? Yes, str[$ E*.* Justica. 3Gt. SIMMONS. M You are talking about two different sets C.! Pumps today. .. i,4 'JUSTIC3 I AUTISTA. ci,arify?< - Yes.... Mill you 5; MR. SI::*83fS.. Its have sta=5ad to talk during thla Wabcut tha reacter w ufacthr==r:=L. met:.it:s acdel... '."'..ose are 'st cPW. !f5stinghouse.. The pu:rps that warm refect 3d by the Swedish State 3 card we. s 22:s et.=ging pumps in wtLich wq provid.xbs secificaticna to. a vendor a$ bough.t. tica...h,_W ve~*% They 7 are nce Woo +# 7-.w i - = " v tured. = JUSTIC MISTA. Do you mean to say that these pu::ps that warm rejected wek.s not manufactured by your own,com-pasy7 . MR. SIMW2is. That is t=ue. JUSTIC3 EAUTISTA. Ecw about the pt=np that you intand to sell for the Bataan Nuclear Plant 1 l MR. SIMMCES. T'as reactor cooling pu:tp for Sataan are designed and :nanu-factured by Westinghousa. JU5" ICE BAC""ISTA. These are different from those that were sold to but rejected by13weden? MR.~SIM3CNS. Yes, s'ir. They ara ~ different pu=ps, diffarent systemas, Mr. JusCice. $5',_,,.~.

• l

. ~ - ^ . ~ JUSTICE ExUTISTA. 55 culch we 21.nd that they ara of peer quality,:would Wantinghouse replace the pu=ps? t C m-u. g

.a .% SIMHCES. Wa. h.myn.a...synto:n beth ,Restinghouse, NPC and that.r consultanta on quality assuranca that, at any tima there is a datact f ca any matter of if'act with cc=penant, that has to be l remedied. And it is part. of wasting-house respons1h111ty to es:nedy that because we do va== ant worNn=Mp and

natorialm of all equiposant..

JUSTTCZ 3AUTISTA. Thas is only in nccordanca with what happened in Sweden i there Westinghouse rep 1

the purmps.

1 MR. SIMMCNS. That is correct. and

het is a part of the wa=ranty.

i JUSTICZ 3AUTISTA.

• • • = T yo u. '

(pp. 5-8, t.s.n., July 16, 2373, 1:30 p.m.) 22cm the above. admissien of.v. a.rranty, wc do 3 ~. not afnd it stran.ge.why Westinghouse would new s . g.. ... ~ insisti that the additdonal safeguag.*.a needed are ~...g already incorporated in the facility, and that the s t' ieter s + = ~h

• de-=W afte m refer f

r to opehating nuciaar plants caly.. we find that t ,I thealkegationisincorrect. e Task Forca Status Report (2xh. 74-TmW_aj I expressly states that v.he zeer e=andations a== applicable to "x x x pending operating license -(CL) arJd construction pe::mit (CP) applications. " i The regort also states that: " Actions rat-rreanded by.the L4ssons Laar=ed Task Force and affrroved by the D1:actc= of LGC ? n3 12 l-O . y. -

C. or the c'* *sion,.as appropr.iste, will be assigned to the Divisions of Project Management (DPM), Systems Safsty (DSS), and Operating Raactors (QR) and to the 3 te O Task Force for implementation on pandine lleonse_ aisp11 cations and on eeurs nq o.i. ants.' "(p. 2 ). Indeed, if operatincy plants are required more exacting and more severe ca.% would thah ~ ~- -- ~ mean th.at the proposed design for.PMPP-1 can ~ ---- m.fford to b.e.c..ar. eless?. At the hearings before thi.s, f**asion, the I Westinghouse design of the antaan 5uclear Power Plant Es attacked as inheruntly Ndak because it 3 has noE provided for additional safequ.ards, There.:,s truth in this assertion. Dr. Charles Willis, consultant of the Philipp no A emic I Energy ICc::: mission, v.'.an interpe11Nted by oppo-

sitors, ad:aitted that the re

.~. 8=t_ ion con-I m tained jin No. 3 of..tha Task Force of USNitC on. the !c. incident has not heen included in the design, proposed for_PNPP-1. Thus,. Dr. Willis ,i testifded: 7 l "ATTT. kR20TO: Your Eccer, in other words, No. 2 is not fully incor- 'pdrated in the Bataan plant */ DR. WTT.T.TM: The valves have not been designed or they have not been .bd11t or ordered. They wil.L he incer-pcrated in the PNFP-1 plant. It is C i t ~.. IIS - 13 L.

t ~. o. t not clear to na on the basis c2 the m'terials suhr.ittad that.the'previcca a tasting would have met this require-mlant, but I r mnt say for sure, but chrtainly, it being incorporated that the valves would be tasted according to the requirement and ree - nda* *n before they are installed in the Pp?P-1* (Page 11, t.s.n. August 14: 1979, 8:45 a.m.) !6 I car. W.1111s apparently rad.ars 'to the crassurizar elEL.<s.atic relief valve whichck, S =A to cicsa during the Thren-Mile Island incident. As an additional safr, guard, an interleek. and a cen+=h- .). most tiolation signal should be devised as recem- -~ mended to prevent the valva f= cat s' y,ing open when pressure is decreased below actuadion level or to ~~d M...u transfer vhan high radiation exists.... _I.n ~ ~~~ other vords, it is not in Westinghouse's design. that a valve which used to remove steam be locked in their correct position. Wo find therstore. that both Mastinghouse and TMI-2 designs do.not have au'=rmatt'c signals to

g.. _

' align valves which could be inadvertently left - - - - - - - - - - - - ~. in an fncorrect posit 1on. How;can. Westinghouse 'now rightly claim that all safety ' measures re-l quired by NRC short-tar:s re--m**tions have .alrnady been incorporated in thad. nuclear re actor design even before the TxI-25' incident? 4 d l II3 - 14 _f. e ...:T.A. ". l.:.:.. -..4

^ i* %.G ' .q}i~>. 4.2..*. A more.datsporfcmi Maion' was made 1:sf ~ Mr. S r-e whan interpellated by this F==4 a- 'sion t: hat Westinghouse _has not adopted, any adai tiona L safeguards, thus:' .[ " JUSTICE VASQUES. So you ara Just drawing a conclusion,.there was 13o specific finding that. if.certain 1safegua.%.m uken the' TEEI inci-s .- desan w:m 2,^W,W.W_ed. and theae arafeguarszMa W_fied and you could ~ khew that the new designs which you have been-adopting all along, they were all incorporated there,and the..n-fare thera is no need of: t?*f"s these additional safeguards? MR. SDe!CNS. That was[not only 1:he judgement of Westingbouse but it was also the 3dg:nent at nac. JUSTICE VASQUE. I.amIgoing bac3c to uty original question. Do you have any decu:sent that will rsally show that the changes er the diffarences in your designs ecmply with the safe-- 3 ,trr.nrds cai3n4 for by the USERC7 Ct. SDC".CNS. I believe that there are, Your P.cnor, and we wn i look for that, try te submit thmet as docu:nents. . USTIC3 VASCCE3. Now,.zince you ,gaid all of.the saf eguards. n -**sary ~ to prevent the OfI incidant. frc:2 happening in Bataan are already built in your. design, the answer. I gather frca your position paper far the first question is you have not adopted any additional safeguards? MR. SIMMCNS. That_is correct, sir.' (pp. 2-3, t.s.n., July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.) . =. As a r.atter of fact when Mr. SI= amens testif.ied I\\ IIB - 15 s,g,

t t C. ~ on shal;r 5,1379, he su:phatically clair.ed that the FWP.1...d_es,5gi'is not being. rehiewed _by the USNRC,and.therafcr_,e_,it could not havLrequi. red, house to_ retrofit or adjitst its design westing to meeg the latest standards of.safetf. 5a far as 1destinghouse is concerned ak,;.,acditional safeguards would be included in. 6.4 design only upon a=s of USNRC, but not on its own initia- -. t his is revealed by the following port 4cas - u - --... ..::~:~- ~ ~ ' ~ tive. T of Mr. Si= mons 8 tastiracny: 'JUSTIC3 BAUTISTA. Just one or tzt: ata"questiens in addition to the e =tive analysis questions of the cc::ssission. s It is reportad that th'e' United Stfates Ambassador, Richard Humphy, on tSe occasion of the Fil-Anerican andship Day, said that tha.rsason f the delay in the processing of the export license for the equ4---at of} the Sataan plant is that the engi-neers of the proposed plant have been rehulred to adjust or retrofit their design to mest the latest standa:ds oflsafety which have Stewn ocre. severs and higher. My question is, conceding this state:nent to be correct, what does Westinghouse intend to do no. that it could cca: ply wit.*z these stricter,

nora scvare and higher a+aad-mis of safety?

MR. SIMMCetS. Mr. Justic ;.I beMeve that the Ambassadcr was m.ta quoted. Ecwaver, assu=1ng that he was not misquoted, then I will say he is wrong, for the sia ple reason that the application for t.be export license for the Philippines Bataan M II3 - 16 1. C s O

x .s p ....i,.-....,w. ~ ~... - ". * *~.!E Nuclear Plant is not and has not been reviewed by the NRC to this d.sy. So hcw can you have retro-fit on a licanse that has not bUen reviewed?" (p. 6, t. s.n., * .s .., July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.). ~ :.* * ~ t. I-Dr. William Ecward Arnold,*P:sesirlent of <... W i" '. t Westinthouse International, tastified that while DSNRC As responsible under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 4 ~~ Act for} issuing export licenses af,ter. consultation ~ ,g. with o ar government. agencies, the,pracdae safety t reviev,of the plant is not atatuenrily required. i j .by the pSNRC and the design of PEPh'-l has not been approv by the U.S. Regulatory r'--4 balon (pp. S-( 9, t.s. rs., June 26, 1979, 1:30-2:00 p.m.). It =ay . fairly he concluded freas this admission that nuclear' . Q:

• _.,.

facilities expor*.ed out of the United States to I other countries do not undea re.'the ridtd tests 1 T -- -~ ~~~-- --- . given by CS2TRC to faci 1 ittes c=nstructed in the i 1 U.S. I. we vers to take public notice of con-i l tempera..y events reported in the. U42. press as C-T< - e I- ~ ~ ~ h t=~=M t, ted here,.it is only new that CsNac would I conductisome sort:of an exas.ination.of the PNPP-1 ( i design. The general cla=cr has been for an over-haul of i he design for a radical increase in the t r' 3,.. margin of safety. Thus, the U.S. presidentisi -commissJ en on Three-Hile Island altar public - hearings l reccassended f'ine'=ntal e-hanges in the . '.. ~ - ') 1_- II3 - 17 .. 2rg; .,.:.7 7* b

3 9 e

• k.

vay nuclear planta are built, operated and_ requi (Sulletin Today, Nv, l:,b: 1, 1979 ' citing,A.ssociated Press, Washingtion, Octobe.r \\ 31/ 1975). W.Lth all the.achi.ssio..ns.of-.1.l=wm ty made n...-. ?* under, uth, Wes*NMusa in itar memoranduca (page. 40.)._would ocer., shirk resp'chsibility.

Thus, Westinghouce noer considers the ch11gatica to provido perf - w vet.ificstion of all rellef Co-9. b L.

Re.c.. L 1. s.. and safety valves am "a cc=bined industry effort, ratherlthan an individual vendor effort." Wes.t.in9 ouse.w.o._uld also " pass the.,b..u.c.k.." to h . ~ t HPC. stating that once the. data-- 'N=t.i.on.s of av="t= 411 ties of tant facili.ti_es,and.,p=cgraza g defiaih. ions are made, WestinghousM.will just y "x x x advise NPC of a mathed or facilities, av f a to them for verification of the re-e t actor coolant system relief and safety valves."_ Tet assin, while Westinghouse does not oppose t.hs USHRC's re-ndation.that a pri-mary coolant saturation meter be installed to provide online unambigucus indicatica at last saburstica ccnditien, however[ Westingnouse .. _. ~ states <; bat imp 1~ntation of the suggestad. j remedy should wait because '. Westinghouse ocaside=s d e l I.I3 - 18 1

s l:,

G. >7d.. g ,,,,,.;,p ;..

.x that proper operator, guidelines, using existing ins *m[ w.. g_. _... tation is sutticient for** etez:xintng d degree of sub-cooling.' - ge__42, memorandum (Pa __ q - for wastinghouse). w =sfon finds frca ths.- censtantly cm changirg positions of Westinghousin.. that it would l not acWe to ITsarstc's rec-rd-*'an 15 said I reccmaendation would. involve a chanse in ita . design. If Westinghouse would ag=ee, it passes on the obligation to NPC. Was W g)cuse's revised Positicn! in,.its.wnnor..and:=a fo13Mre'e* he enig.atic .t- ,,,, x x,x _as, ew des.f.gn c=1*-=-+ s ara esta-

Pattern, n

blished, systems wfIl be exa:nined_'Es. de+ =-< n. complialnce and rer -ndations..will' b'e made to_ MPC for their_ action" (p.,17umescdandust. for 6 - t e-EPC). On top of all these, shoed 6. EPC de<-ide to inccrporl ate any safety for operational 1:ro:c'e mene.s developed after its initial eperatics,* wastinghouse will be willing to.inatall the = same hub always on the basis of prevaillnq ceur-marcial rates (p. 53, Wandum fo_r Westing-- Souse).' As shown earliar, Westi=g use. r.ade. for the record, enlicit and definita anst= notions of liabi,lity when it ecses to additional safe-1 , guards even 1" these would cost as *much as_ 350 =*14*on. These centradictory stands of -I I:3 13, =%. = s., e e

• i..

.-.-.. r.. m. Was**mchduse s Q~ _._.. g aet:: itscredibility. l v.. .c...- r.3..... y cannot with certainty ans., peace of mind I ~ assure the safety of Westinghouse,'s designed I .-- nuciaar plant. The forty-one (413 problems or N % -C +10 A j Gtc..ry A.- 'I unrasolved safety issues sub:nitted in a report by '(.sen. ~~ EG, ~ .6 fd p. IS) Us mtc r.o Congress (?xhibits She. 48-A, ':'aHak u-advers<sly affect WestU.nghouse minnfactured nuclear plants The appe.ndix to said.m. eport describes t_ some of the problems as investigated by USNRC l .+ expertA as followns. ..i] o

• lirassurized water reactor s'a==

gonarator tube integrity can be. ' degraded by corrosion induced vastage, cracking, reduction;'in ?..the tube diameter (danting) and ... ~.,.. ',".2 vibration induced fatigue cracks. e primary concarn is the capa-b 11ty of degraded tubes to male-tain their integrity during norvuil ration and undar accident condi- ,t (LCCA or a =ain steam line b sk) with adequate madety sa.rgins. Welstinchcuse stcazs generator..' tubes , b.wa sus:ered degradation dua. to . astage and stress corresten crack-w " 5,. ~. d.;..,, - in Both types of degradatioc'havu 1 n naminally ar=asted, h w,

• Fc-degradation due to denting which inads to primary side stress cor=osion cracks is ' the major p=chle.m at present,.and thD principal focus of this technical activity.'

(p. A - 3/1) s'- ?-

• A.

Licensee (3) of Westinehouse_ (w) I.._,..'..,--- Eublear Facil.iaies .,.. ~. .? ~ At present all W planes experiencing tube denting v1T1 he monitored for 1 , 1,, E ~U' Qe ]$ s, ,=- L. ~ ~ y. s. .A a

~ i ( Each licensee the procrass of Anati.%. vill s"-t t an analysia. of the ccuse-quences of tube denting on. tube inta- ,grity and demnnstrate'that adequate safety margins exist for continued saf e operation. The ?.2rkey Point and Surry licenseem v111 be cicaely moni-tored relative to steam generator replacement.", (p..A tjJ/9) "Recent events at d.1 stone 2 Turkay Joint 3' and 4, and In U.an Point 2 and 1 3 involving the offsits> mewer avstem-have providad additionaJ. indicarMG that the reliabilitr of the err.f erred '] lL rsenne of e sreencar ocwar may oe less than what has. been expected._ A study is needed to assess casa matter.' (p. A-35/1) The Turksy Point and Surry plants are Nesting-1ouse designed nuclear powek plants. The letter of A. Schwebcar, Chiaf, Operat= .s Ing Reactors Branch, Divizica <;>f Cperating Re-actors, Nuciaar Requistory r*-4 salon to Mr. I f George T. Berry, General Manager and Chief l 2ngineer, Power Authority of the State of New Tork dated May 12, 1979 (Whibit 76, TaEad's), dis like. wise rawmling of..'. the inherent weakness i as to the safety of Westinghouse reactor cese. i knents. In said letter of.Iwh* h is an appraisal r review of the licensea's]respenses to Bulletins s o of'USHRO, the lat'ts ce==manted ' that: i i "The Westinghouse abrice_ is prescriptive cn rosettine of the C. II3. 21 g 3 ~ t

1 2 high pressure injectica systa:n and inecaplete as to the need for keep-isy b e reacecr, coolant'pu=ps run- ~ g, n .g. ' 'I' x x It' is clear that' there are a significant number of t=ehMeal issues yet to be resolved for a large nn- %e of Westinghouse operating plants." 'x x x To resolve the 1.asuas described above in a proept and expeditious :sanner, we believe there is a m-ellino need_ for Wes-to es*=hlish an cwner's aroue tinchouse coeratina ol2nes_. We expect that such a group wou.1ds be needed for the remainder of calandar year 1379.* In the reply-=escranda of Westinghoksse, the I at:tention of this Oc=:sissionf.1s called to the fl et that F.x.hibi:s 76 - 39, inclusive, which have i f b,een attached to the me= cran' uza of the nataan a iIBP Panel, were not for: sally sub:nitted, hence, i i tu:ns.1d, not be given due' cenaide. ration. In this s .} .. ~ we have nevertheless; taken public notice r sport, l of and used Exhibits 76, 98 N d 88-A because ey are in the nature of public and official i l docu:sents. As a fact finding body, this ccm, 1 l salon would and shou.1d disregard technicalities E procedure if only to abrib at the truth. It will be recalled that as early as Feb-l I Daniel P. Ferd, Executive Director . rtiazf 13, 1978, l of the Union of Concerned Scientists wrote Pre-i l sident Yerdinand E. Mar =ce calling the latter's -l. - t I= a. -,1... : I r '== e .l e.

i e (~ ~. '. i. h-attantion to an independant.$ review carried out by said organizatien on. the.' design of Westing-. house of the Sataan Nucisar';PotJer Plant. It is 1 is considered judgment of the scienti.sts 'that i C.. the Bataan Plant ncy under construction la <:. ~4 lagued by poor design a:ia'.:., hasty engineering" p IP. 24, Ezh. A-1, Wes+f W "). Among the major d e s N. 4 g, J ainbjects reviewed are the. structural integrity of I the reactor prasaurs vessel.hnd primary eco14.ng I stem piping; asercenev.co=s. coolf.acr svstem (tCCS) capability; reactor. Snzt unantstion and control systams; auxiliary feedwater control b-aratems; steam generator t=bs cracJcing and corro-ef.cn, critical pc=p and valve perfczmanca capeb1- '1;.cies, and the like. Atter a rev' iew had been j-egnducted by the U.S., National R_egulatory C:= mats- -~4 sl.cn it is r..spo.. rt.e.d_ _that US.!GO h.a.s.. ordered. the temporary clos ure. of all Westin.ghouse plants in the U.S. because it is the only fix:n supplyfng g... nuclear reactcra that does not' hutve adequato.. .. l. ...,r-.

• ~

ene.rge.ncy.e.. Ming syst.em (Report No. 857-79 from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dated. 5 november 1979). } 2. on.the.w. hola...va find that the preponenem ~ ... ;w hav e. net sufficiently shown. tha.t.the present )., design of the Batman Nuclear.-.*.P.ower. Plant can ,g. '.Y.!* !5 5 I .h.,.x

a - 23

.;:G,.L u&. -e

a, n s r L uarantee ag'ainst repetition,o.f the Ot3 ac-W u. ,g ., ~.-..- - - Wis Cer=sission must ascertain itself on 'tha 3 luestiono[ safety,ina~" as the President c himself stated in his letter to the Chai.w.

bat "x x x this is a rasponsibility squarely i

resting on our conscienca, for 'it concerns the .x < wifare not only of this., generation, but others

n come*: that "we can not afford the inerest

.t doubt where the future of as anti,ra nation is 1concerned" (Document No. 6-A).

5.-

We are, indeed, appellod by the frequency of accidents in nuclear reactor ecwer plants neluding those designed bh Westinghouse (2xhi-e bit 21-A, Bataan). For one, the auclear acci-dent is 34enaw, Switz adan4. a=umm end frem minilar (M' kit 71-A, TsHadN) attributed to the causes The M 4=sdon canno+ svoid r* W TMI inciderat. public notice of them. If these nuclear imei-dents prove anything, they show that nuclear Consider the ad-ytants. are not 'fsilurs-safa. gmitted fact owned by Westi..ghcuse that the. _ ~.... Philippine Bucica: Pcwer Reactor Plant is an old design;, Westinghouse admits that "x x x l' for PNPP-1, the code affsctivity date has t. centrset. sally established as October,1973.* 4 z:3 - 24 N-e .. -%C - , y- . t '.

t

r..,

L ~ lp.11, hrandum for Westinghouse). If this da so, then said das,ign dossi not have the bene-fits as to the latest safety.my.stans of modern (

• b techno1cgy which changes qufta rapidly.

A 1973 nuclear reacter des'Ign, fof"that =atter, would ippear out=cded by 1982 or. 2p' B3, the scheduled t. (ate of operation. Another big problen, germans to safsty aris_es If and when an actual ameghq should happen in the Bataan nuclear plant. Accidents that develop

! n seconds or in ninutes as did occur in the s

.s T, tree-Mile Island require inneediata acti=n. l 2 ssembling a group of experts frca abroad and. I transporting them to the PM,tippines will take everal dirs,3,'when the M lai. urgently needed s 1a hm. In any event, ws: have to relv en our . gn. fevn team of'ca W i..si". But we'can not understand l _ey the ceabined housine facilities of the. slorkars and emolayees ar'e located in Bagae. ...u. l 2aenan, seventeen (171 k.ilex=eters awav. c l The proponents tried to; exp1 min that the ~ complex housing area was constructed in 3agac, j Baennn because it was origina:lly the sita chosen-l .for the Bataan Nuciaar 'Rmactne Power P2. ant; at since it was already excavated, levelled, II3 - 25 I'. s. p g Ob g g

I e g ~ and sc=e of the houses were.'itiready constructad, I P ItPC would save substantial "dxpenses in not having % const=uct a new housing area. The ar A-ation is a poor excuse considar-f.ng that the safety of the plant is 'of more para- ~ zount iw'm. Logically, it is prer.aturn to have developed a housing area when the most cceptable site had not yet hn selected. ters a i d a evidence that the pattern both in the. United g. 3 tates and Europa is to c= net:act the houses of hey men adjacent to the pcwer. plant. H e purpose

Ca that in case of any inc9at, cones =ted action

~. can be inada available espeed=11y by the technical experts needed. The tsaan of. t==uble-shooters m2st always be on the spot to avo;f.4 a major catast=opha. 1 La s Ttiis/not the situatien in Bataan. f p.* -

• . ~.

6 L t- ~ .{. . i,

• 1 j

t g g g 4

• ~

~- I:3 - 26 ~

• d'.

1

.. s C C. QUESTIes No. 2. wso ARE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL C2ERATE TEZ E.ATAAlf HUCLEAR PLA.NT AND WHA: ARE THEIR QU.U,E*ICATICNS7 ~

n fairness to the proponents,.tt : rust be,

said that the selection'and training of highly skilled ran pcwer sta=ted since 1976. In an open ecmpetitive recruitment er=Ntion, 1,240 applicants took the initial tests cen- ' ducted by,the National Pcwer Corporation of which 812 passed. Aftez other tests conducted by engineers of NPC and'an independent psycho.- logist-consultant, the ut=mber of 812 aspirants C. was t=1:nmed down to 173. Part of the training is the " Pressurized ' Water Reactor Course. The first batch of ' operating personnel ec= posed of 39 engineers had undergone both curses.'

• tile further t= sin-n ing has been centinuing here at hcme, already a.

top manage:oent group of 121 left on June 12, 1979 for the Westinghouse 7.uclear Training Center in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the overall training program, Westinghouse vould train 187 trainees in 16 different disci-

p11nes, The trainees have to ::saster an exceed-ingly ccmplex systes run by inst ::sentatica.

A mcment of inattention can cause enormous da:tage IIC. - 1. 1 g =

e. ~ C. to persons and property. [; ~ For the_ f.i.r..st e.i.ghteen,(13] =caths of initial .o.2*. ration of the.Bataan Nt2cisar Reactor Plant, Whnght:nas.e men with.711thino trained empicyees. of the NaHT }_ Power. Corporation will man the pMat. Westingbonsa, say, give. an additional ten .~ (:.0) nonths period to tra.in.and help the Filipino s.. t. c:igineers ha#tw= laaving operation of the plant er," aly to Filipino hmnd=- P.cwever, *cnce a ccnatruction and performance testing are cca-p eted and PNPP-1 is accepted try NPC, cci=mercial es:eration of'PNPP-1 beconnes the respons1bility of (p.11, Memorandum for, Westinghouse). This pensition of Westinghouse is -=^== unfair. For. ei;;hteen (18) months, the Filipino operators.. weald a.. be under Westinghouse =en. Sappose an incident.c,t sh6uld happen due to hunan er=cr of the trainer j -5_..-. and not the Filipino trainee.would it then 'he . 3... just and equit.abJ e that NPC alone y,puld shoulder 3...........--...... the responsibility for the ensuing da:nages? Should p......-. t Westinghouse be responsible for its training.... no sumff? The Philippine Atcmic Ena.937 Ccestission (PAEC) has assured us that it would carry out .i I its plan to station at the plant round-the-c.icek C - L_., uc - 2

• .W=

-f, ^1.

• l ee

= =

~ C. ~ t.

rained axperts of the regulatory body.

The reguIetion would permit ytplation of the ~ ~ trols of a facility only by persons holaing nn operator's permit _ at that-fac411ty. Only f tar passing a written av=htien and operat:- a t> .ing test prescribed by 'P2xc =h=" an cperator i 1:e issued a.licasse. Unlike in the United States where high school, graduates may be-i supervisors and/cr operstars, those in the NPC undergoing tralaing abroad are all Bachelor. Iof Science in Engineering,gradustes. Extra I assuranca is thus given tha 'Batsan Nuclear Re-l actor Plant' of battar cualified operators with d Lverse ranges of required expertise in power generation, environmental protect 3.cn, engineering i and cons L..:.ica' and of quality assurance in m.nnagement and administratica. It is not correct to say that the 7111pino arigineers WM3ia~t:ained.caly in simulators . ' r,;. ..L s 1 ard not in actual operation of nuclear. reacter p.lants. This C:maission 'I.nquitred into this ~ matter and found that while the trainess would indeed iniM=?b train on s % W.cs.3, thoseafter w'ould be. ad to pass cert. ads testa I and av=Maticas and ebtain a license in the United States. With the resqui=sd licensef 6 hey C . - -%e&A '- i zzc.~ 3 o.am .-.e.p.

s . ~ . s. Would than he allowed under.- dn.ited Stat es laws to work.in a nacisar reactor p1 Ant. It t6ua aults that the people who 'will operats the Bataan Nuclear Pcwcr.' Plant would not cnly be trainees but would have been duly licensed i. tr=4Ma s W aters in the UM W States. .a 6 = 0 p. e ', = ,I. .3 V. g b .4. g O O . P., e f .8 -'*e 4 i-J. e 8 O ' 7. /.. s..: 4 4 e m% g e 6 11C - 4...- O e g 8 6. . m

g .. :L s.*:. '; : u '.r. ~~wA v - s.a..v.~~ .~1. .. sr_ +., udE.sd Qi 30. 3. Di C%SD um 15 AN D r N'r'TDENT SE1ILAR ':0 n.s TEEE-* TILE ISLAND IMC10:01T IN T.::::; BATJLLN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, W.AT ICSCU_ -<, SOTH .r SCIZhT:O'IC NID I:TUU m.IAL..b'12 AVAIT-ARLP TO P!C.V"IT CONT 2. 17"'"ICN OF THE SURROUNDrJG APEAS MiD AT.OSPEERE AS_ WTL AS TR2 F**,CPLE r.~.Z31CII~.G THIRZAT7 WHO WT'L Poll 2iC3 /C..P.Jsv J ;E FACILITIES TO PR'rYENT C-.J.htIidis. TICS NTD HOW MUCH hCULD IT COST? IiRO leTT L PAY FOR THE DAMAczS. AND COSTS 7

g...

The Philippha 1Wc Energy Ccm=ission ex uld uquire the Ra*' M Power.,I ,,cra+ dan to incer-r orate in its Final Safstr Aeslysi.s Report pricz. p Ito the issuance of the license to~ operate, an l amargency action plan. Mind =u:n regnL-amants for v 6 sdchemergencyplanshouldincludes a) organization for cepirsg with rad.iat1on r;. energencias, b) p'recedures for notifying the public and. other protective seasures, I c) emergency first aid and personal decon-

• ='"= tion p=ncedures, and di provision for' training employees.

In the position paper of the Etnistry of He sith, an cr-s*" =tiona!. ~pahta=n of the action - -I?..W?.P plan is deWo6.is% D* wg of the Radiatica v.a y He m.lth Offica'~c= sated under PD 480 is the head of all coordinati=g tsans with the Chief Radiation .yI"sp!: y ..4.. =.. *. W I IID - 1,

t C .u. Patectimercitirm who voeid act in the absence '{.... ~ of the Directer, Each. Health Physd.cist Team isi composed of one Sanier health physicist, or . health physics technicia.n and an sida. A r.edical su is also provided for 'w:O.1 ':h.their duties enu=.. ta ? ? 'Aside from medical marated in the. action plan. e-t- - W Vgists, the. Bio-Medical Engineering Team .... o.. and Liaison officers,.the. plan,would entirely Inlvolve the 2arangay Cap *=f n= 'The Ministry of Eenith would be acting in close collaboration with i ..-~..

• the Philippine Atcmic Energy C

' =sion and, c4 I course, the National Pcwer Corporation, t$e ('~- l operator of the Nuclear Planh, to carry out an I evacuation plan and relative energency procedures. t I fos areas s u ea ding the Bataan Nuclear Potrer Plant. All these agencies are preparing their, o i respective budgetary layouts for such emergencies. This f** =slen finds. the plans ah m ticusa noteworthy. But it must be said in passing that at. the Three-Mile Island Incident, hundreds of the be:st scientists and experts esmo from the large number of peopla in the 115enI5ee(* crganizntion, thin state ed P.ennsylvania; the. NRC, other Fedaral, and Stata, agencies, and 1.**+_- y v.wsps. Col-p lectively, they triad to maintain and 1.amve the _.3-( Im-2 -- m.. h w h-

4 ~,,. esnditions in the armas affected. Can we say that at 1 -......n. p resent.

• yy.% hs..cczne, we can have

r.h extenslve variety of resources, and the depth s'

aad breadth of A=arican tech = ology? It behooves l N:t and PAP.C to mai:itain tha. highest degree of eW a m-= and dedicatics in.;1ts ampicyaes for this perious and delicate tazic. i. In case of nuclea= a'ecidents, the *= ages and sts will be shouldered by SPd.. ?cm this purpose, co N2C has been organising a Ph511ppina Muclear Insu. =mes Tool with, the Govermeent'. Sc.vice Insurames l ,9 Sfstem as lead insurar. It La P = M to naks T

• g,.

es insur nc.,ouci.s edrectiv.,rio= en ts. m arrival of the fuel assa lf== in the Philippines set for Feb. w. 1982. ..l,.,' 8 Cn the limitation of liabd11ty of the instal-lation operator, our law (Sec. 42, Republic Act Mc. 5207, as amended by PJ. N.1484, provides, tbat. 'the 1#'m f ty of the ins11 at1cn cpebtor for nuclear damage under this Act shall be limited to an amount in Philippine pesos which is equivalent to five million' dollars, 'Cnited states cu:-rency, for anyone nuelaar _ incident,

1usive of interest er cesth which may be ex.

arded by tNa Court in acticus for 7nsation i aw i ~ of. such nuclear damage.' l v e e IID ,1,' .<.nw..... .y=, = u

~~ f ' Y.-,%,. f

4. =

i n + lisi.larly, the lla II1ty of'the Republic of f the Philippines on N <ty Ag:deenents with contracters or suppliers of. goods or services I for <us atemic energy facility. has been limited .s. l to us$120 =f111on. This is contained in, Pre-- .i. l tial Decree No.1484 which'.took effect on side: June 11, 1978. Said decree in part amends see- ,...c. 52 of Repub11ch'.Wo. 5207. and which reads 2 i tien /section 5. Section 52 is hereby i a amended by the addition of a new paragraph which shall read as fol-lows: t c

• THE REPUsLIC CF TEE. PHEIPPINES fCTING THROUGH SCCH CFFICSR AS MAY BE pSSICNATED BY THE PRESIC' NT" SHALL ENTER LINTO AGRNS OF INUS:5IFICATION WIT.E ICONTRACTORS OR SUPPLIS35 CF'. GOODS OR

%ERVIC FOR AN ATCHIC "mW FACILITT, CWNED CR OPZ3ATOD BT TH3 GCWESIN. ITS AGENCIZS, INST 3CMENTALITIES OF COR-lPCRATIONS CWNED OR CChTRCLLSD BT N GCVERNMENT PURSUAsT To WEICS THE GOVERN- - m AGREES 20. hW.ITY AND HOLD SUCH CONTRACTORS CR, m. N EA3MLESS FRCM ANY LCSS CR ? "*M ARISING CUT OR IN RELATICN TCL A SCCLEAT I3CI~'.NT OCCURRING Is THE PhTrEP""'J INTN OF THE YIILD CF THE INSU3tANCS OR CT322 N HE3EIN -V DCr2EVER, THAT SUCH SET FORTE,JP h - 1 INDEMNITT SHALL I:s NO' CASE Z%CZZD THE AMCCNT OF PRILIPPI3tE PESCS WHICH IS zouIVAI a : To Czz-w m ~ w nu-L I C M U. S. D C L Z d Gt 5,,* n Even before the plan for 15surance pool shall c matahalized,1nsuranced trend in the U.S. is have wed obserring. Mr. 51:sens of Westinghouse r l admitted that hemeevners' policies bar clafss L l IIn - 4. [

1 t. r** .q. s s. .g g .a ... p. s ~. .. tx .... Le,: ..,a.s.,... - ..h . ~ ... w..;... ..e i fo e nucisar m -44=ats.. Mix.a.L da= ages sustained P.- .y is a single nuclear r.edd*"t bould be tan tisas 'e .s N. mo re than the limited 1#=W 4ty of $560 ~#11 fen . ;p..

9. '. (pW-E-7, t.s.'n., My 9,.1579, 3 : 30 p.:s. ).

-g,w. Insurers feared tlat'damags claims could h="ir'upt thlss. Hence,. they ti*use nova to provide full e. ( If 1+ MHey coverage in the U.S. will coverags. ? .r '6 i ' in'::rsase,. it is because'of. tha'mora 22um 100

• -e.

1 nn::loar plants new operating.* and veuld hereafter

• operata.

The Price-Anderson 1ct, as a - Mad, 1 -. cJ. F . the. -"M. of. $560 *4'14en to inersaae as ,@,y.7 al i.- ~ . tha number of, cpe= sting nuc1'sar plants in thsi U.S. j:;., ..~..1 ~ -..,.p. also increases. Each utilityTwith, an operating e V re.sctor zust' pledge $5 =d 1 Hon U.S. to cover \\ .s'.],. ..~. ~. .. \\ Tf. yatantial liability c1='~ by. the puh11e dus to .. 1:"., :,': / . #}. ~ ident.at any one siaciaa7 plant (Exhibit M- 'J'.;? t ~.n;t. ,.an acc ~ '. '? We .ghouse] With only one nucluar plant pro '...' l

r.,s

$,,.s. ;.. posed for the P<' *ynas g.ye.;;cannot dmprove c:c- .~ l S-in'ersase liability coverage in favor of.potestini l-,'- .a ' '. .9. ,11shility c1 =d-="ts.. Purtherr at=dy on this matts * -'..' '. !

• f' '

-with a view to iscrease this ccversge is thus ,.s 8, ' he reby recassended. .~ v,- .. s . :F... ..i = l a.. .~ m.,g. .e. . 4:',.? 1...:W.. -;+: .i .. l.,.... :C.. ..t.R,..i, ..i'

4 M f. ( i ,_g. >1-2. .l. CUES?TCN MO. 4. ARE WE EXCHANGING WITH E. OR OBTAINING IM70RMATION C3 NUCIEAR SAFE-GUARDS FRCM OW.ZR COUN'i'"'.IM_LIKE THE UN.ITED STNI""S TH200GE I':S 1.'.X*. IZAR REwLA= TCRY CO.'CtISSION C2 m I:r:*nNATIONAL A'ICMIC E!w sii CC' '*.ISSIC t %HICH OR E W LT PP%'tMENDED TE3 ESTABLISH."121T OF THE BATAAlf NUM

• u PCW2R 7LAAT IN 19617 WHAT ARE THE MA.XIMUM AliD MINIMUM ACCEPT-ABLE SAFZGUARDS TO PRZVENT ' KUCI. EAR CON =

TAMINATION7_ i. In its position paper, the Philippine Atossic --af salon admitted thai: it is receivi.ng, Energy inf or: nation on nucisar energy mattars, parti-arly cn health and ' safety pichlems related cul to power reactor. Under the 1968 Bilateral k Agrsement between the Repchlic. of the Philippines and the U.S. Gevermment, exchange of information ~ I .i. on'the. civil ases of nuclear anergy and related ma ars is provided for. The USNRC has been ~ fm-%1shing PAEC through the U.S. E:hbassy in la, ceptes of its builatin. and day-to-day Isauances on develocements regarding the "2tI inci-der't. PAEC also used. to_ recafve from USNRC infor-mation or news releases ca' Regulatory Guides and .y g. coe,as.

..'..'M '

}..' As :ne:nbeE country of the' International Atomic rgy Agency, the PhilippiseN' through PAEC haa Eno ~ been a recipient of IAEA Bulletins, technical 11 cations including these on nuclear energy. II2 = 1.

( .. e .A.d.d..it. ionally,.Westi..ngho..u..s.e. has been droviding PAEl:,, topical,, reports, to aldr it,in understanding. the design _and. analysis. of westinghouse pressurized ~., watar_ reactors. Safety "updatss' by experts 7 i invslved with licensing U.S. plants are also pro- < ;. g. vided by Westinghouse,to give P. M opportunity to s. dis =uss licensing problems is' the U.S. ':'hase state-I ments of PA2C and Westinghouse on the obtaining of linformation on nuclear safeguards have not been, s. I disputed by the other parties /. participants. On part 2 of question No.14, as to maximum and4 mini =um acceptable standards to prevent nuclear con bamination, all PAEC. couB. Say in a general way ._ x. a,. is that.. y ama designed on a defense-in.tepth, mult1 barrier concept, hence, there would I l be an extramely Icw probability of any radioactive. rel ease frem happening; and th_at:, the design is.

i..n.accordance with acceptsSle,~ standards, codes and.

..g. reg 11atory guides. On its pa22, the Ministry' of Health,.as herato'- ..a.. fors stated, has. set, up azi. orga::nizational plan 9,.. whi ::h shall be carried out' by th Radiaticn Health l cff Lee ot' the Ministry of Health in coordiantion witA PAEC. On the limitation o. f activity releases, the Ministry of Health sutzmitz'.that:

1) an agreed III - 2...

. bidi-

,,.{, e w s. , limits shall be respectied[ and

2) all desa doses should be kspt as low as.is readily evable; that an acuta ' radiation injury is tot caused unless the radiatiica dose excceds some hundred rads in a single diose,.and much higliar values if tha ccposura 1's' prelenged over a period of years.

The Ministr!y of Health then ata s that 'inasa:uch as the pc aihility that lsures might be received,,unc5er a much wider expc I variety of conditions and cirear. stances, it is I impcsalble to iay down any re-~9ation for i action levels that would genera 11y be applicable. Ttina, except for the organizational plan outlined by the Ministry of Health, NPC,and PAEC, no deft. I nita standards, maximum or afhfiin::n, have been shown to prevent nuclear conh =fration. The I reason can also very well be as aptly stated 2.y ..n U.S. secretary of Health Josepen,A. Calipano, Jr. during the investigation of the Three-Mile.Taland incident before the U.S. Senata Ccomittee on Heal'th 'and Scientific Research;

• Even when the facts of radiation exposure seest clear, the significance of those facts is often hard to deter-mine for scientific thee..y about radia-tion is also bedeviled by uncertninty.*

Scientist aF yet, do not know precisely how dangercus exposure to low level radiacion is. HE-3 q", -..w - H a

s 1 . Y $~~ ~. - *... '.'. F. Cur 5TICM 190. 9. WHERE. ECW, AND BY WRCM WILL NUCLEAR WASTE SE DISPOSED OF AND WHAT ARE THE RISKS INVOLVED IN TtfE Disposal Psoccuaz? ' Anti-nuclear adherents base their strongest ' mt against nacinar reactor power plants are r the problems of nucisar waste disposal., en Sewral stacas have passed" laws prohibiting ansportation er disposal' of " radioactive wasta tr wi@in the Stata borders (2xhibit 65-B, Tanada). Even thcae f=cas the Pacific Islaruta reportadly I refused to allow their ocean floors to be the I dumping ground of nuclear wasta. ? In the design for PNPP-1', provision has been - a. made for temporary secrage 'ohiy of used fuel ar.d ' ot ser nuclear wasta classified into: 1) the low-level wants which consists of bulky, slightly coots:sinated materials, such,as thing, industrial tissh, sweepings,

rags, e

l paper, gloves, with or 13 weak radioactivity; 2) the zasdiu:a oc higliar level radwasta < lnsisting primarily of' process materials like cc siss, filters and afficenti; and re 3) high level radwasts whicts consists of radioa-tive elements contain.ed in the used or l spent fuel rods. IIlr 1 e g O I

s .no

z.,,

ee ~ o g ,...'e.%. - e.

s..%.,.

y. The 1c4 to mediu:s level radwaste' will be redaced in volume, mixed with cement and binder, n. and t. hen placed in 55-g=1 W steel drums. This .y - process would be done at greet'[erpense and Amni-I nent hazard to the personniel.',l'These staal con-tai sers are then transferred to the storage build. ing in the site "for _about a w before be.ing shi pped to an.off-site stcragerfacility" (Doc. V t .'.t. 16-A EPC). 'N W ] operations,tha Bat. san Nuclear Pcwer Plast would produce in one f year alone from 800 to 1000 d b s' of 55-sellons s of Low and medium level waste'. (p. 6, t.s.n., June 29, 1979, 2:25 p.m.). Consifdaring that NPC has not. provided for an off-site storage facility. for Icw-level waste, the crue;th'I-problem of was/:e disposal will arisa after only a year of ' t normal operation. ac. . z,. '.... r.... t.'. i In the case of the'high-1sv41 waste.o.tr spent fue,L, the same is stored in the used fuel storage building in the site. As,destyned, the spent fuel sterzga water pool for the Sataan Nuclear Plant is 8 meters wide by 115.5.' meters long by f 12.5 meters deep. The pit can allegedly accca-med ta storage of at least.15 to 20 years of / soent fuel. According to Westpaghouse exporta, L

7 277 - 2

• ..'.T

.r #

e.. e...

i .i 9 C i .4 spentfaalelementweighsjap'p.roximatai.y each 't 1,240 pounds and forty such element.s are re-The total noved frca the. plant every 13 months. we14ht of the spmst fuel for one refueling in i 24 u: ens.

Thus, on the evargage', -hare weuld tie l

16 tons of spent fuel to be stored each year. ,) ':he spent fumi may also be. shipped to a re-proceasing facility abroad foi" recovery of uranium - and plutonium and the tra." 1 of the high-level radvaste. Incidentally, the only reprocessing ll ~ P ant in upstate New York 'la acer closed (Exh. 26-A, .y Taf' ada). Ehren if reprocW

• the high level wasta duced fremt the reprocessing-are then compacted pro inin solid fern in glass or ceramics and returned f

from the reprocessing centar to the Philicpines I whers the final burial or repositerf of thim n=r-tive wasta vould be located in a salt or rw I

q greits for:sation.

It is not denied that nuclear i... ste re=h= radioactive for thousand of vears. vai y. If not *mp ~ ") 'the'*sperit fuel could -=C.- g remain in tho Nuel storage pit. If alrea&I filled, l according to.Mr. 5%ns, another pit may be I c=ststructed adjacent thereto,' good foe use for i another 10 years, and still another for the l next 10 years, until the MM duration of a m L. TIF - 3. '..

.y p.

~ .i .. g. ..a .. V. o J. e'. ca.}uk wlre.pd .py - : - .~ t ,t. s.4,. O :e. ha a-l c .4-nue Lear power ~ plant shall have'! lapsed. / The sta+a==nt is incorrect.' As stated above, ~ besides 'the high 1sval.vasta (the spent fuel), the re is the prcblem of icw and mediu:n level wasta whic must be transferred to ak'off-site storage afta one year. For one year alone, about 1000 drums of 55 gallons have to be!' disposed of.' If not disposed.of, the storage building would not

apable of storing the procImmed low level be l

radioactive waste altar 4 years according to the , c'.- F Wes':inghouse position paper (Doc No.14-A, pp. (.. 160-l161. Vol. I, Rec.).. EPC'edains that the sataan planti f's~'diapable of. hand 11.w low to medica d m d solid wastes for only."five years interim J ,storace" (Exh. No. 16-A, p4 211, Vol. I, Rec. ). .q;. But this is not all. 'DuetothedangeroushadfMandfrequent transfers alone of these icw, ~mediusa and high 1 eve ll waste, the plant s vulnershility to acci-8 den::s cannot bu't be overemphasimod. ".here is con <rincing evidence that the longest riod of sea L.. 8b c

• storage of high level waste isIfive (5) years, and I

this spent fuel'would have to Se' solidified (Zzh. l 44 *adada) at enormous expense;ar:d deposited in scme other places. Where to 18c' ate its final. v 117 - 4

s ~

i.,,,

.t rap <: sitory is uncertain. With raspect to high leve.wasta,' cur atten-

s. -

,tiot has been called to.an A3C. regu1stion in the States that requiredI i2f:* high-level wastes Uni tl l be solidified aftar 5 years' storage and shipped to a federal rapository within 10 years. Said l repository does not acw exist In he United $tstda (2r.h. 44-A, Tadada). Inthe.pblippines,oud* I l' predicament is even more acuta 'as v113. fhh. he show}n below. Since Sepes=har 1, 1976, the Pras1 dent by Administrative ' Order 'No. 389 created the Intar-h.' Agency Consmittae ccmposed of thi '*-f asiener of the hilippine Atomic Energy C=ismi.ssion or his representative, as chad -* ant thN chs1.w., Nati anal Se-4 anne.Devoicpeent Board or his rapte. J sentstive, members the cc saiseloner of the Budget Or hLa representative, -Mr ',be Sacratary of Indu.stry or his representat va me=bery and the 1 Director General, National Em7 c and Develop-ment Authority or his representative, member. Af ter more than three years, ' this Inter-Agency Cem:n etee has not yet chosen the site or exact 1.mLon in the,h111pp1mes vs re es. nuclear I waste may be storad. IIF.- 5', - r...

5 ~. e . - ;...,.C.... - .... - =. Nuciaag vaste cannot just be dumped at the bott om o.f the see or buried deep.in.the land. The repcsitories must be of salt c= granite for: nation that, are self-sealing in the-svent of an earthquaka.. 'According to the IAZA.Tacha hai Reports series No. 177, appended to the Memorandum of NPC a3 4ttach-ment (d), there are two princip,al, reasons for con-sidering cartain geological formations as suitable. distcaable sites for radicactive wastee, r e ly-

• i (1)

"They have existed irr an undisturbed form over very extended periods of time, up to many nillions of years. There is a vary high.d.egree of pro-bability that, among" thes, scoe will remain stable.in thes future for sw h-periods cit ti uz; (2) " Locally, they can have large vol=: metric masses with no er negligible amounts of migrating groundwatar." (at pages 19-30).

• t

."ha' e is adecuata proef

• t5:h"t for laek of r

Q storage _of nuclear waste, ' the Esquia torv - Cc-mis-stor banned the operation of nacierg.: plants in Louz tates of the United States (Pfxh, 13-A, Tadada). "he Philippine Atomid herVY C-4asion had de admissions thac 'x z :d the count f being ~ .e sitvated in a volcasic belt, we cannot ensure long-ter:n stability of the geo ic structures *; that "there is no known stable salt-rock. for:na.- se. II7 - 6 ..r. p

r y A r p. r L. .....j.L .e ,4 l. . 4:<. ties in any of the islanda*h that,"for this rea- , our hopes for long tarz storage and ultimata son posal of nuclear wastaa.' il.1 be on the establish-w dis men b of an international burdal site" (Prospects

• and Problems of Nuclear Pcwer.I.n the Philippines by

r. D.

Ibe and C. E. Alata, Philippine Atomic ~ Energy Cc= mission, Exh. 25-Tanada). Cbviously, the eroblem of nuclear wasta manage =ent as "far as the 3ataan clant is cencerned-ha's not ves bean ,oLa. 1 NPC would want to sidplify the serious prc~ blem of waste disposal by adv b ing bo'the IAEA-Te cal Reportu Series No. N7'which enumerates l several, geologic forr.ations other than rock salt I also auttable for disposal of solid high-leval l wastas (p. G-I-9, vol. 1, NPC')6ercrandt=n), NPC l 4 also places its relianca oc. the dissertation of Er::mato N. Media.cf 2AZC, ehmi - n of the "Intar-f -.?; ~ A. gency (*r-ww=4 ttee on Radwesta F,acilit.y Siting.

p...

4 Mr. Mefia claims that the coamittee has found podsible sites in Palawan, ytm'm o, Karanglan, l Nueva Ecija, and in Aritsw, Dueva Viscaya, but thelse places should yet lie sub'jected to seismolo-g1 cal examination (p. 19, t.s.n., August 29, 1979, I 3: 40 a.m.). II? - 7 4

h. 7 *.. *.

~

s t ..e .s. v ra'Al.c %m '. ".:=-;..*.'-~ ..., 7:... .s > :.. The totality of the evidence on the site ~ of <:he' waste repository does not prove that s.itable place has been found. Even Mr. a si 1 .'. Mejda admitte'd on interpellartida.that there is no solution in sight to a pez:nanent disposal plan of auclear vastas, but he' is optimistio t.ha <: tachnology will develop a ' solution to ths problem (pp. 13-14. t.s.n., August 19, 1979, 8:40 a.m.). In the light of the above admission and the damsging statenants of Dr. Aleta and Dr. Iba of PAEC, it is only fitting and proper that acontinuing study be furt!uar mada of possible j. mitas of nuclear waste in any of_our more than l seven thousand (7,000) isbods. [,, 's. =...-. 9 +... d ~;. {.. i. 5 +. c' .i. .... n. r z. ny. s

1 9 w tv. 5 y.t.. .w..-. ..s...z,. m m. CUEst; tWao. %- risoet,y r :':.t. C. A t'E K AFTER THE J THREE MILE ISLA'ID INCIDIr.% ON MARCH 23, 1979, I or!CCTED THE MI:1ICTRY CP E:iERGY TO RECUIRE cSTINGHCCSE M SINO EX?IRTS TO THE PRILI? PINES TO 2XPLAIN DOUSTS Tv.AT BAVE ARIS.'*N ESPECIALLY IN THE MIND OF THE ' PRESID C2T ASCUT T.93 SAF2TT OF THE BATAAN NUCLEAR PC".dZR PLANT. CHY -EAS NOT WESTING-HOUSE DCNE So UP To NOWt t According to the westinghouse Panel, Mr.

• Cordon C. Hurlbert, President (of Westlnghouse,

. received the 1sttar of Ministar Geronimo Velasco dated April 11, 1979, requesting clarificatica assurance from Westinghou$e. Mr. Hurlbert and sert the reply by lettar datect April 27, 1979 . an'd directed' tha Westinghouse experts to pecceed ~ ..,.1 to the Philippines. It' tras only on June 22, 1979 tha t westinghcuse sent its panel of experts, Mealers. Moore, Sero, Call and 9.arro11, long aftar the President of the Philippines had already ereated this ccamiaaion by vM' ue of E:xacutive Or No. 539 dated June 15, 1979. They

• pre-ser ed the TMI-PNPP-1 informat$cn to the President on Friday, 22 June 1979* (p. 102, Vol. I, Rec.).

l e. p.a,above facts have not been contested, g de=ccat=ste unwarranted delay. und lack of immediate l . concern over the safety of the-Bataan Bucicar Pcwer i Plant under construction. IIG - r? : ,f

.-:; g,g..' ' ' **. ~ -

..g. 3.. ?.. .: ;.. *;. p

• 2

4..s

.gzz 4. THE'SAFTFf 0F THE SI"3 ..,..i._. :,t - . ~.. ~ - A. BASIC CCTSTTOWS, ISSUES, unDNS A.W Arn:czoeris ..T:.- s. A.1 SASIC CU2STIONS '5. In. case thera should u an earthquake si::d lar to the one that hit WW-a in August 1977, which was of 7.2* Intassity on the Richter ? sca] e, will the Bataan Nuclear Tower

• Plant be

~ ablai to withstand the shock wit:hout leak or ~. . spillage resulting in nuclear con +==4 nation? . z.. it withstand a.JF4. aiinami cr* n.#4^ml vava caused Can ' by earthquake of tactonic criqin sd="T** to the ami that h' t M'aA'- is. August 19777 i tsun "6. Is the,Bataan Kccioad Power Plant a located in a fault-:Es5'Buhrh*is surface? l

• 7.

What is the histerf of earthquakes in ' e pa. rticular site of f.he Bataan Nuclear

..st..

Power Plant?" .. i.. i The above qrseted questions. 'fs Lattar of Instruction No. 876, which the C-4 =sion has been directed to obtain ansvers.to, all deal with the safety of the si' a selected for the IIIA - 1 t ~ \\..

c..~,

i r w r. p* - 4.. ~ . t'.~ ~]. . e.m a....;..s.. ..s., construction of the Bataan Ndelaar. Power Plant n solely from the point of view '.of seismicity. ^ -- -4 y.:. Cugstion No. 5 asks if the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant can withstand an ea:Ehquake, of 7.2 inten-- y on the Richter scals. ', T!ie second sente[ race sit of the same question refars to a +1d=1 wave or tsunami that can he caused by such an earthquake l of tectonic origin. While Question No. 6 refers i to the probable axistence of a fault in the earth I surface, the estaria11ty of sinch finding is only with respect to fanits it being the most natural setree of earthquake. Question No. 7 expresses l a cern about the probability'of earthquakes in cor I Bataan am de ntaA from s4 =" events-in the a l i past. l I Consi.tering that Executive Orde No. 539 dizocts the Commission to.cctaduct as inquiry i the safety to the publ4c of the pnpesed on j i ne1==* plant *, the Coamsismica looked into other I factors that could affect t. tie suitability of the l m. [ site of the plant i' rem the; point of view of i safety considerations. It recalved evidence s. .I not only on the aattd: of the'effect of 'carth-t j quakes at or near the plant, but also on related . IIIA .2, h a' . :; -~- As a..

e ' ~ ~., .~ .X.~. V .ars,suchas,thegeo1Nicarfeaturesofthe mat-plant site, its nearness to popula. tion.centurs,. '. and the danger pose.d.by. nearby volcances. s ,e m ~ A.2 THE SITE LOCATTON OF-lTHT BATAAN NUCLZAR POAZRrPLANT

w.. b

': y Aftar an extensive analytical investig'ation by @e agencies involved, it van decidad by them . ~. - to nst=uct the nuclear plant.at Napot Point, a small peninsula about n kilcaster long and 4tJO . to 100 meters wide, located on' the West Coast of Bataan province, and within,thE jurisdiction of the town of Morong. There ara.]two major volcanic ' s. conurs nearby, Mt. Natib voicisnic cestplex about 4 9 loss. northeast of the s'ite, and Mt. Mariveles, l approximately 22 )c::s. to the southeast. After Napot Point was graded frets its original height of,about 35 meters above.mean ses level, the sits i area is now la meters above mean ses level. i The selection of Napot Point was arrived at

• after a process of allmination: among several sites in.'u::en, it being the intention to build one or two nuclear power plants near wanfla to supplament

. g.. the Luzon Grid. rhe salactionjproc=ss started in 1965 when the Philippine A*=ff Energy f*&fssion IIIA - } p. .g, -vgg,r:,. ~ ?.i

u f s. t ,8 ... -u (PAm). w1eh the assistance of '.'an'. advisory pansi ' e ta of the International Atomic Energy of w Asescy (IAEA), considered several candidata mitas, whi&h included Bagac and Limay in Bataan paninsula,' and Acimonan and Padre Burgos'in Quezon province. 1 Two other candidate sitss,.af 8 sit, San Juan in -t Batangas and Ternata in Cavitalvera later included in to evaluation. Even as of.that time, it was ..l. L consid= red that thc most critical and iWhant 8 paraumatar in the selection of,the ' site. for a nuclear - plant in I.uzon was the questioE of seis:sicity. c't the candidata sites mentioned,.ithe Bagac area was rated as the most f avorable.' 'it was, howevere re-o Wad that affects should 'Se' undertaken to rssN1ve.its remaining saismological uncertainties and that further studies be made on the matter of geo:.ogic fsulting potential and volcanism. 1 In September, 1974, the National Power'Cor-poration (NPC) engaged the services of EBASCO ~ SEWICES 'INC. of New York, U.S A. for the lattar to provide consulting services associated.with the siting of the Bataan Nuclear Plant. Based on report of pricr 1Nestigatidens, the sagac area the detarmised by ESASCO to be. the most desirable, was and si.x specific sitas in the said area vers 1?. .IIIA. e .e e. ,g

..V

^ .-p '.'. p. g

s s w g sufjected to a siting analysiar. ,cn'the basis af the seversi factors' considered in said sittag inisatigation Napot Point was adjudged to be the most acceptable. At the time "apot Poi 5t.1 ts definitely chcsen to be the plant site, 'the development of the housing a=sa naar the town of Bagac, scata . f, 19 k:ss. away by road frem Rapot Point was well underway. This was because original site was intended to be at a place flocated ~near the

• N town of Bagac, but it was latinc =h=ahned due to its being vulnerable to f.loods and high tida.

the housing arma of the personnel. to man and operate the plant la accordingly situarted scene 19 k:ss. a. , away by road frc.m the pl' ant. site itself. A.3 THE ISSUES INVOLV2D IM CUESTICNS Nos. 5, o cund 7 ,i. 7., As stated earlier, the pr1ncipal issue W by Questions No. 5,.6 and 7 of Lor No.' r= .876 is. on the affact of ea. as on.the nuc lear plant in Napot Point.

• Earthqnahn being of varying intensities and magnitudes.. -

Question No. S postuistes an.m hquaka of 7.2 ~

• irtensity" (should be 'magnituda") on the Richter IIIA a.5 t

..g a... ~...... '...g.:. ,c. g.,.y., i. 4.s

• e

~

y w .~.s.. v..f.A.... f s i ..r- ...w. h.- i La or similar to the one that' hit Mindanao sca + l .. in aoyu.t., 1 m. zh.,1a

s. 1n, hoe = a -

.- w-legedly designed to withstand % shock of the 1argest possible earthquaka that can affect Napot Point, the 1saue arisesE,'as to whether danign value aJ, M ~in th,m.const=uction the the plant was adequata Mhh to withstand of effect of such'an carth. It being an the . t. ad:sitted f act that earthq"aw are generally r f. produced by the movement of the earth crust in l geological features known as faults, it further hec lomes necessary to inquirs'tehether there are 2.>, l i i "ults at or near the plant' which are. active or i fa pable of producing large magnitude earthque%s, ca< being also achmitted that earthquaka may occur It in which any area unrelated to a known fault, on ....c case it iM callad a.* floating' on randes* earth-l Is there a quaks, the further question 112-r l passibility of a large magnitude random earth-ew.. ake to occur at or near the plant atta? The qu estics of tidal waves or tsunamis is int.f.zataly qt, 1 lated to the presence of fstilts and occurrene.s J re od! earthquakes; they being usually generated by arthquake activity. e . r. .;t is also nrv'anied thEklea.%akes can .1:. a. .e IIIA -. G' . g ...w :. c'.n *. Mr...- ~ .. m. r t. .;r,' gg",._5 ;

0 i ~ r \\ 4 A.. '. u. .. - ;,{:* y r caused by volcanic eruption. Aside freus.such, an earthquake, it is further conceded that.a vol-card.c avant can cause ground shaking, tilting, well' as othed volcanic hazards, such as, lava as flew, andf2cw, lahars, and ashfall. h 9 We accordisq1y formula.to the underlying iss uns raised by Questions Nos. 5, 6 and 7 in the folicwing manner: i s s (1) Is the "occurence of "a large earth-quake of at least 7.'2 magnitude on the Richtar scale a credible event at or near the plant' site, whether associated with a fault or not, and if so, how wenid'it affect the Plant? .. - {- (2) In the affi:=ative case,'would the seismic design of the plant be suffi-cient to withscand the effect of such an earthquaka?e (3) Is there any possib'ility or proba= ~ bility of volcanic sruption fresa either Mt. Natih or 2f.t. Marivales;* and, if so, what wcnald be its effact on the plant? t (4) If a tidal wave or tsunami caused by an carthquake similar to. the ~ one that hit Mindanao in August, 1977 would occur at Napot Point, can the plant withstand its effects? .A.4 THE POST" IONS TAKEN.BY "HE PAR *IZS-PARTICIPAN"5 All the major parties-participants that appeared before the Cce.=1ssion s"' 4 ttad post- ~.- g I2 ;a.. 7

1. g y. I .t vol<-aM==. namely, the National PCwer Corpora-ticaandtisconsnitantESASCO[ServicesInc.r the Phi.Lippine Atomic Energy, Commission (PAEC); Wes':inghouses the Commission on volcanology s. l .(CCMVOL) s,,the Philippine. Atmospheric Coophysical and Astronomical Service 7Mnistration (PAGASA); tne sureau or Miness une Tattada ransar i::= s.sr.aan 's Chapter of the Integrated Bar of.the philippines Panely and the National' Society for Seismo. logy ,3 and Earthquaka Engineering of the Philippines (NS,5EEP). The said parties -pa:iticipants toc 0c well-t def Ened posi't:sSar'isti the aforementioned issues. They may be roughly classified',into two groups: oce, responding to the said : 1/, r. sanner to allay fears frem earthqmw a5d volcanic eruptiens. E. (wh ch we shall hereinafter refer to as the. Pro-- I and the other, contending the exis't nce ponents); of the hazards arising fress wei:thquakes and vol-canAc 5ctivity that. can "serfeusly' affect the planc and cause nuclear accidents (pch.weshallhere-inafter refer to as the cppositors). The p_m po-l ? nents include the Nations 1 Power Corporaticft, Ebanlco, Westinghouse and pAEC.! The oppositors ara t ccmposed of the TaAada panel, the Bataan panel, and the NSSEEP. The rese of,the partied that ... + act:1vely participated in the issues of seisreicity s. n u - r;.. .n . v, m:n. A g.. -:.

1

t..?..

w e .j. .....o-and vole =M==. n-1y," Bu.reau.hf Mines, 'COMvon and PAGASA, have t2.kan a neutral attitude and. the::. views were selectively Mf_obted by the pro-t. porsents and the oppositors innefar as they appear F to. be consistant with their own respective post-g .tiorus. e, g g . l, - .g e J' t[ 3* i. 5 .a. 8 I .... h.. = .n g 9 I e ^ g

• ,y g.

e a. O 'l. .4... IIIA - 9 .. -.s* 'r. 1 ~ e f hW U e g l-e

t i. ..1 . ]> .o a- . s.; 4 -6 ,.. -. 3 ~- -,. a. Tur stun or Tsz PacPenna I 3.1 On Seismicitk w-k. t. The proponents' position.pn seismicity was .L defaad=d ma4a1y by EBASCO which was the consult-firm that gave the go-stM for the siting ing .of the plant at'Napot Point. The ' rest of the pro-ponents rely principally on E3ASCO's view on the - I ~ question of seismicity. l . r. In brief, the proponents.'!contand that a Largo,

nagnitude earthquake, or specifically one with a magnitude higher than 7 on theR.' Richter scals, is an c.nlikely event in Napet Point.. They base ch.is comel=sion maixily on the z.asumption that there are no active faults frers which such aarthquakas-originate which are close enough to taa plant can site.

They advert to the fasti that Jiataan is locsted in the area called '"C."iirTRAL LU ow Tzc-l TONIC PRCVINCE*, a tectenic,, plate bounded en the th and east by 'SE PS.ilipp15e Paulf. which. lles nor somewhere north of Pangasinan going southeastward, l towards the alcol peninsular. en the west by the I so alled ' MANILA TR2NCH* located about a 100-)ca. was b of :ambales and Batman peninsular and on the south by the Taal Fracturs Zone which cuts .>-..{.

• IIIB - I' e-g

.. g.....p-,

t 1 -l

• ?-

2-

• 4..

am the northwestern tip of' Mindoro going r, rth-fr stward until it joins the Philippine Fault. Using ea: ' basis the lengths of Uie~ aiLid fau.lts,.and assuming as e 'rupturn of the same to',beU40% which is consi-th ted conservative enough,' is is a.rgued that the da ghest calculated earthquakeimagnitude fross said hi 4 fa, tits could only be 7.9, and this is ther one orLginating from the Manila ph. The Manila Trsuch being the vest boun'd$ h of the tectonic plata known as the centra 2, tusen Tactonic Province; has a subducting zone t$at.- oes beneath Br.6.aan it Pertinsula, at an, angle es # ed ti:o be around 45 , < m... : ;+.:.i.:t. - \\ =>= of magnitude 8 degrees 'D.C-A s.. h..:M.,. ed the subdudting zone,.and &pkf,g into account that fact that the nearest difstance of the subduc*J-inlg zone to the plant sits'is,'abcut 70 k.ilometers, maximum hori ental acceleh ation that can be e produced by such an earthquaNr at Napot Poi $t was ted only as 0.359 Thfs.is! what is known as the ra .. f. danign value-of the plant.or,%h. e

• safe shutdown

~ s, l earthquaka" O@i which is supposed to mean the kind of earthquake that cou14. permit the plant 3.- .s i be shutdown without dangee of causing an acel-to If t.ere will b[ a mercemant on a 6'00-los. dent.) I segment of the Philippine 7ault, and the same 'will III5 - 2 ~/. h o

• . t.p'.*

i 4 ., j.. r I w .4 7 f.,.... ~ ?f'h y *. produce"an earthquaka with a : magni,tude of 8.4, _. 4 its effect at Napot Point wouN only produce an accalaration value of 0.189, inar.nuch' as the nearest distance to the site of the Philippine 1.. ....h so.s.pect to earth.:- Wik . Fau.:,2 is 1GO kae away. L. .P quaJme that may be gecerated f=ca t$e othar ~ known fanits withis the Cantral Lu=on Tectonic i Province, such.as,' the Iba F1acture zone, the .i.. San Antonio Fracturs sone add the Manila ',ay

.s.....

, il Frace soned.as well tbs.as east Luzon Trecgh, .i. it J s not deemed. probable that thay would be of ~ Y e.ffd cient magnitude in view of their short .f laniths, such that, even if a Jc0% rupture is .y.. assu:aad in those faults, the acceleration va.lue at.,he plant Nuld be 1ase M#d.35g.

Although,

~ theolretically, the West Luzon Trough (situated 30 kms. west of Napot Point) c'an p=oduce an 3 - magmitude eart W h, so.2 eveat. would only be l ~...s.- possible if there would be a'100% or total wwe i of the entira length of said,fanit, which is. l dec:ned unlikely. The proponents' discount' the possibility of 1arge magnitude randers or fT4Q~;' earthquakes l i-at or near the plant sita, it being alleged.,by s them that all the s!.gnificant earthquakem *Jzat " . t

p=.3 - 3

.. c, m ' ~< f..?... ...z.- nis.5- ~ .~

i --a-.E C }'** L a 1 *. j have affneted the area were traceable to one of ,g. i. the afcrementioned known active fmults. The pro-ponents further contend that' a study of the l eatalogues prepared by local experts, as well as I indornation os earthquake datst ccm: piled by the U.s. wa* h=*1 oceanic and' Atmospheric ? M M etra- ' tien, would abow that, histor.thally, only one earhts.saka was recorded to have been, felt exclu- , eively in Sataan and it was & ;1ight intensity ' = eszthquake of short duration.tocated at Balanga wh.1,ch occ tzredon August 9,1MI at 1:00 A.M. '.. +. Proponents point out that, although the design

t..

vaLas of the ss2 assigned "to the n = *'m = Nuclear Plant only 0.35g, Westinghouse designed the plant was the basis of 0.4g 552 s.s a, measure of conserva - on tism and added safety factor., It la clained that earthquake can occur at the sita or be felt no ~ therein thaa could produce an, acceleration value h1 rher than o.359

1. ~.

4

n -

H.,... ; 5.2 on volm4=n. m ~. - .. m.. _p - ,Feepc c..ts give thg' assurshca ~ that theru in threat to the safety of. the, plant arising fres no -F the presence of nearby volcanoes, particularly x. Natih which is just 9 2na:. away f.cm the pinnt site. It is c1=# M that Mt. Nat15, aa 3 ,p e .I1-ll3 s4 -.: r ; - =.+ ~

6 i +.

t s.

< Q.4k %.. wel L as Mt. Martvelas7 a M aiready. extinct, their largo act.Lvity, as determined $ry the' age of the volcanic e roc;cs in the vicinity being oveir 70,000 years ago, It.'tas further opined by E3ASCQ that shculd there c be <my activity of Mt. Natib or. Mt. Martvelas, such tt'ons would occur o'nly"6d he eastern flank; are 3 of Sataan Peninsula, there being, no historical avidence of any activity on the westa.n flank for l It' g. yd'ir further clai:ned that,. severs 1 hundred years } even if Mt. Natib shall erupt.,,the plant would 4 c.:::t. be affected by rec 3c probed.11es nor by lava - not ficar because of the distancia; _sor of mudflow and lah,Lr because of the natural harriers that would protect the plant site frcus, ths sames and that 8 1 .i with respect to ashfall, it,1.s.not expected that l 1... it irculd be 7f such intenst.ty ~cr. thick:namn as to-damage the plant. [

.5 M

= n.3 ' on Tsunaamis Proponents. allege.that, even if a ta m '=f ,.. n.., .' sianlar to the'*casFesused by the earthquake in M1.~P=m of' August,1977 shall, occur at Napot ', Poiat, the same would not damage the plant. l Ms. is beesuse the plant s1'es';is 19 meters above . -4 sea level, and the records shcw that the tsunami produced by the Mindanao earthquake had been esti-

• W 4.:.

.~.?MS

5

..-:.u.. ~~ =

• -u.

-..>==.

s

a. g

.s . n.. . I.. + e.m. mated as havii...ng' m f=nm bei ~ of between 7 to i g. 17 meters only. . f. sg. .t p. 't s i.. i t.. a. .u -.w. ~.. f ..z.. .m.. 4 e III.3 - 6

• r

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7..,.

e

-.i 6 u.....- . =,,,. 7. ,..g j +,,... .g q.- @, w. ' C. THE S*AND CF THE OPPOSITORS I*- C.1 on Seismicity ..W It is the contantici c3 & oppositors that lar;u magnitudie earthquakaa..~ css. occur at 'o= near -..h the plant site. This conclusion is deduced. f=ca i several factors, namely, (1) the. histcry of earth-qua.ces in' Bataan shows thatr'.thA'.said province had- ~ ,. ~... - besa hit by.several-large earthquakes in the pasty (2) there are several faults at or near the plant whii::h can cause larga magnituda. earthquakes, the ] existence,of scee of which are[ admitted by the l proponents, while the others he've not been sub-t s ~ jacued to sufdicient invest:fgaM..on to M.f7 whe-r.- ther or not' they are faults orj.whether they are seislmogenic faults: (3) the coeurance of rww or, dioat.ing earthquakes. at or maar the plant - ~ ito may not be sususarily dismissed due to the s of adequate study made on! the mattars laeJ: t (4).th.e. de. sign value or SSE of 'O.4g i.s c=roneous, i,n, adequa.te and. not.:.consarv. ative..e.nough, the same having been derived. by consf h-tag minienA

• m data and inappcicable facti::cs:, and (5) even if the earthquake t: hat can be felt at the plant sitei would not be large enough.to exceed the

ssz, it can seriously damage the plant and itz.

22c - 1 p

e 73. .e 4 e. -e.e..e .m

t 4 15 I# (~ . ~.2.=4 ~~ .,a. a. de1Leate smochanism, especially: if the tremor is ~ of rustained duration, and thereby cause a nucisar ~Mant. ~v t C.2 On voldsnism .Oppositors expresses be view that Mt. Natib ~ stitutas a constant threat'to the safety of cor '1sar plant at Napot Point. '.The said volcano nas l I is not extinct or dead,.but maraly dor:nant Oppo. sitors likewise disagree with the opinion cf ERAsco-l that voimauactivity frt:na the two volcanic cca-plexast in Bataan Peninsula su[ caly occur in the i oant flank de away frcat Napet

• Point.

{ .e \\ C. ) on Tsunamis g. i oppositors contand that even if the tidal ws that can hit the shoras of Mapot Point will wa rise MWe than the 15-emear elevation of no t: the plant site, a possible dangar arising freni q. a' tsunmai could arise in the' event of Stithdrawal* thetidalwavetotheseanhwhicheventscu15 of azpose the pipes whleh are inicanded to draw ahnzt 20 million gallons of sea watam per minute as' -It sa part of the cooling system of the plant. ~ gued, that, if tha said pipes. shall fail to drama az ( va, tar, serious injury may result to the operatien c:l' the plant. NIC = 2 '-

v q. [ .:t ..&;a D. THf f ETDENCE PRZ5ESr"25 SY Ttm ~' PARTIES l. >..,e.. ~ ~ D.1 .on seismicity e The safety of the plant site, from the point of v Law of saismicity, has been the pekme concars i of a,L1 of those involved is the; said project sur since its inception. The IAEA Siting Mission, whic had been requested by PAEC to conduct a feas ility study for a nucisar; plant is Luzon,. 1 had$tzprar 4ed de view ht *2e met important and i:risical parameter in the siting and design of tJte nuclear plar.t in Luzon vds seismicity" I (Exhibit 16-NPC, p.3). The said Siting Missice, further observed "that it couldbe prudent to I consider possible ground failuras in the conclu-- sion of a nuclear power plant unless investiga-tional. are carries out whose ranults would exclude r. this danger" (Zhid, p. 5) } ~ The' subsequent feasthility study w and i by the Siting Mission, as conducted by NPC-naMQ resultad,in the ' choice of the. ahgae micrc-r--?M (which included Napot Point]. The said micro-l regica was considerad most favorable allagedly }

• because no faults had been fcund in that area desp te ongoing intsnsive inw.stigations in th~s

,I22Df.. 1, _g -

2, ~ r ~- 4 }'N:. 9s-- ~- 91cLaity of Bagac; and that Bataan Peninsula ~ has an area of ' low seismic activity in compar1.- ... :p. to other regiand._..is the y ppinas" (Ibid, son pp. 17, 13). 'i t.. su Not satisfied with said (f.ad*=r, PAEC re-quasited the IAEA to send R Safety Mission to

r-the Philippines to, review the yeological and 9eotechnical aspects of the. sita and its environ-ment Thia Mission visited the Philippines frca May 1 to 9, 1978 and met in Vienna fr:: a July 3

.h*. 1 to 7, 1978. In its Report (Document No. 12 5), the Safaty Mission sapressed the view that, .5 uposL a review of the data ecti+=4 w in the PSAR, "certain of the postulated==v' y earthqua.kas shotid be more conservatively "intarpretad. It opined that a magnitude,,.7.5, to 7.8 earthquaka was -r- .can ressenbely.-be postulates tp occur in the San Antcnio Fracture zone. A magn 11inda S earthquake can also be r==hty postniatund to occur directly.on the top of the subencting slab at its closest approach to the site in a depth of . 50 to 70 kms... contrary to the;Tiew expressed.in. 9: the PSAR that a magnitude 7.9 avant can occur only at a distance of 100 kas., west of the site o r,' approximately, where tho' Manila Trench is loca ted. It was further averred by the Safety I:23. 2 .....N, .. &.'.I '

s e t. .,4- .w. l Misston that a 7.5 magnitude om.rchquake could reasonably be postulated to denied on the Manila Say Fracture zone. It was acco.rdingly recem-

== Med that additional work should be done to. 1 .Y de*==4as particularly the o.ccu.rence of the A postulated earthquake beneath the site on the subducting slab of the Manila Tranch which goes beneath Bataan peninsula and which might control the earthquake design basis for the plant. The Safety Mission disagrees with tihe opinion of CO that a ficating' aarthquaka of a magni- ~ greater than 4.5 may not cs.*Er at the plant toda Bite ( At 9, 4.?.2 ..,;. :E,. Se Safety Miss4.on %-i-:p made reference to disce.asions with Dr. Er=esto Sonido, the PAEC l ccm=1 tant on geology, who expressed the possi-

hild, of a shore parallel fault system appro-l ximaltely 15 to 20 kne. offshors' the plant,'which faul

, in the opinion of the'. Safety Mission, t =hu be taken as a source of a invf=nn ea. th-quakal in developing the seimsic design basis for the plant (Ibid, p. 61..The Safisty Mission observed out additional effort. should have been anda to study the micro-earthquakes in the region as well as in the assessment of faults and over-r L all seismic riaks, citing as partic tlar examples ':u IIID.= 3 ; 3

5 ~ 1 n v. .,. i,. u.. ' the =N bl inves'tigatdans of summs of the ifnames. as well as +hamal springs in' the ' area. Aftar' studying the IAE3. safety Mission Report and its.==__ >=tions, several ocasultative ings isare held betwees FA3d and NPC regarding meet the concerns expressed by the p aty Misaton. The issues were defined to.be on the vibratory - i ground motion, randem shalicar ~serthquakes, and I fourdation angineering as well as that concerning Evaluating the rastonses of NPC on volcanism. i the concerns azpressed by the' Safety Mission, it was concluded that the said'cencerns had been sattsfactorily addressed by NPC and that PAEC r o. fee:.s reasonably assured tdari: the 0.4g SSE value [ could be adangpaam.CDocument No112-C). The oc M,e= of earthquakapthat will be feli; at the plant afte is not. disputed. It is a generally known fact that t5e Philippines lies .in a region of high,selmaicity, it 9'ag on the direct lina or the so-called "CXMwi-PACIFIC BAL% CF FI21* 1s'aich. bad beecLethis source cf des-i tructive'earthquaksrin the.'wese coast of Sout$ NorthAnsart$s,NorthernbaNfic,' Japan,and and I down to the Philippines. Dr. Alcarn,cf HPC has_ ( opinled that, esistively speaking, the Philippinas ~ m -4: E !s o . g.

1 e ~ .:{ . g.. g;, ~..:7. w- -aus the higheas~hdIty among{the ten countries ~ m r14 m t.i.it.d w a p. d in, the.L9th centu=y Otzhibit '36-Tanada). The con-arc [eonthispointiswhetherahighmagni-trom tude earthquake can occur or be. fait at the plant

c site and damage the plane and its camponents,

~ desp Lte its having been designed to withstand an aart2 quake with a maxt:stma 5criscatal accalaration f. 'of 0.4g. It is the opposttarsP[positten that i 4 such as earthquake is a cred1 bis event dua to the probable az1 stance of capabis faults near or.at the site, as well at the possibility of, earthquakee .. ' originating front a subduction slab just beneath the plant site, as well as the probability of ~ randem oir fL-4g earthauakas 'in the area of the. I sits. It is not denied that aar+ W s ars generally generated by the mmrament of active and that'they can sino N' occasioned by fau2 the E..- >~t of a subduction slab. Neither is imputed that earthquakes may not be asso-it d cia ed with.any fault or tectoitic feature, in which event it is called a *randon* or 'floa+'7* J ' ear hquake. h oppositors danne to the claim of the propenents that the only lar;<a 'magnittado earth-quakes that can affect Bataan pah=ula are \\. ~ IIID - 5 a.

s .":: n-p - s. a .q-q.. thooe originaVing from the fauIts constituting tha 2hias of. the CentrM, bu n Tectonic .*.g... Prtrrince, namely, the Philippias. Fault, the Man.Lla Trench, and'the Te.ar Yrseture sone. They ".end that the other faults within the Central ~ con Landan Tectonic Provines, the s h esicity of whi :h is minimized by the proydzeants, may $tist ( well produce large earthqn n es, namely, the as Iba Fracture tone, the San Antonio Fractura "one,. -. and the Manila Bay Practurs Sons (Exhibit 3-NTC). addition, thers is a 40Nkilczneter fault running In ne th to south along the' ecstarn part of Zambalse Mountain to M4-A m and passimT just 25 kza. asst of.the plant sita. This fanit was not censidered at. all by ESASCO and is not amationed in the PSAR propared by it. Its existance is deduced frost 1 the pubi4ewad studies of Dr. Artum. Alcaras, femar l head of ccMycL and who is'prssently a consultant of WPC. In. the articia entitled "MMOR STICCTtDtAL ' tES M T517EILIPPDutS* published in the FH LIP-LI1 PI:EE GZCIcGIST, issue of March 1947, Dr. Alcaras e t.uzal 1<-== w lilstad among ene said meJw. I I M M IS ad)

1. __ : +' ;y "I.ine E-E* on the map, Extribit 36-c-tadada.

In thle same article, Dr. Alcazar stated that a major 6 ctural line is one along 'which major diaspi. hie s 2m -. ...,'c M.. T.'- :

s ~ ~ l r ~~ :. ..- 4.r -:%.E,%y;. ~ a u+- ~..+ e. i.o, i.ena 3.e.:==-sa. d.

y. ret ocem and that the Philippinas is ' seismically active", having rienced in the past both minor and destructed expe eart.hquakes and will do so in the future, the

,ippines being crisscrossed'by many planes of Phi: weahnesses along which faultint,has occurred or may occur, With respect to the existence of faults at the plant sita itself'i the opposite:s advert en the showing made by th's 2nraau?of Mines in its I. tion paper.(Document No.22f., which ravaaled pos the exiscance of three *H naammamts* traversing Napot Point. While it is t N 'that 14"**mants' -t, do 'rset necessarily show the.e.ciscance of an active a-itissisoabdittedthayitisamanifesta-

fault, ticas of such a fault., This skicion is heightaned

~ by a noticeshks.fisease in.a pc= tion of Napon Point. m;.. : -.. : _ idasstified satoutcrop *28, and 'a' *silickenrida" in 'si r' - identified da. Cintc=op *A" located just 100 meters from the planti sits. A *alickan-site

• man 1fests movement of t$ie pM and is tech-1 nicl ally a fault although, by itself, r =-t be coraidered an active fault that can produce earth-quaAss.

Ballance was further placed by the oppositors { the position paper of the PAGASA (Doc =nent'No. on . be. IIID - 7 g-e o-

~ G P

• i, s

20) which. listed 17 eszthqu'akes felt in Ntaan J.

since Movember 30, 1965 up tp, April 7,197C with ... u. intnosittas ranging from 4 to 10. 'Of the first 7 enlzthquakes listad, which had been rated with intansities of 8 to 10, the epicenters were not identified nor the felt ihtsheity in sataan spe-ciff,ed due to the lack o'f instrumentation when 1 those earthquakaa 5 Incurred. 'Se isst F. earth-0 quaJr.as, the first of which was 3n 1937, had the I benefit of instnumantation and the corresponding l magnitudes at the epicantars were stated, as well s as <:.h'eir affacts or intanalties. in Bataan. The listing shows that the aarthqdaka in Alabat Island - in 1937 with a magnitude of 7.5 on the Richter se&Las the Verda Island" earthquake of April 3 194 w1th a -Wtuda of 7.7. iuid the casign an sarcquake of Auguist 2 1968 with a magnitude, of 7.3 gzeduced intensity 6 in'.Bataan Province, witJs respect to the earthquakaief Sep+*% 16, r ,./ ISS,t which affected Manila, Miacant proviness and was assigned Intensity 5,.the #~me produe.d in 3ataan was cm W A=rabla, Itr.,zuined the church and the pari e house of Crani.fwith the tower .s completely A-H =%d, and produced astensive I damage in the churches and parish houses of Abacay, L.imly and Balanga. ' A rsc.er2 af.the same sisc, a v ~ ..:..y IN - S .=

~- cfim4.t ' aled that an' Island in schic Bay sunk as. revu a result of that earthquake. -emme us t.atinonies '6 ita rport wet-ases, x,. navia 2. u.d. and.a. zrn..t. v. Sontdo, the oppositors sought to confir:a the e:cintsnoen of geological featu'resj both cashore and offshore Bataan Panfnaula,~which are indica- ~ t1ve of the procabla existance;of active faulta at~ or near the plant sita. No definite conclusion could, however, be dedr. :.ad 2 to the actuality of } those features being active or capable faults, such a6starisination bein4 only')cesibla~after's thi:rrough ~ I and, extensive investitjation'.of.the matter which ha4 not been.suff1,ciastly bean,inda=takan. y On the questior whether the plant at'its site could withstand an earthquoJr.s with a hort-acclaration f arce.of 0.49, the oppositors I avail of the posit.ica papac' and the tastimony stvan ,by capt. Andres 0. Tison of the NSSEEP who expressed the view that the sita design valus is inaccurate and inadequata. His principal' reasons for this conclusion are that the maquitude of the eaMas f that can occur at the plant site is much higher I than the one utilised by the proponents in cal-culating the design valoe:I that the magnituda of

• IIID'- 9 9

t

f e i i o v.y.'- the pc.i.. lated earthquake is incorrect, ! a= =M 1 as the MicManao earthquake of. August 1977 was of Mag tude B and not Magnituda 7:.2, in which case i if the computation was based.ca. Magnitude 8, the design value would at laaat'be,0.85gr and that foreta used in arriving air.t tSa design value the of C.4g is inapplicable to the hilippines, it bei: q hased'on conditions =4da*+ng in Eastern ~ United states, instead of thess' ob" 4 fng in cali I l fortla and Japan which are more analogous to the Ph1J 1ppinas. Capt. Elaon further declared that 1 be 1svised a for:nula for arriving at the accalera-l tiori talue in colloboration with 1tri Sergid Su of the Manila observatory based on Philippines

• cond1=

s tions, pursuant to which, the design value or.safa l shutdown earthquaka (s52) would be much higher than i 0.49. t i u oppositors cits a M by four American authors 'tled "G2CIlXIICAI. HAEARDS* to ahow that weak, ent: 1=%n is not'.necessarily:deWant on the =~ magnitude of the aarthqua',ce,,as exammlified in the 1972 earthquaka in the San Andreas fault JCali-for:sta), which had a magnituda of only 4.7 but yie lded a ground acesleration of 0.69g.10 k:na. I frca the sourcup and by the earthquake in Arizona,- Ita y with a magnitude of 4.5 but gave a reco5ded 'g '. 2 =:r 10 e

8 " peak acceleration of 0.69 (Mf 5b 67, 47-E, \\ Ta5ada). It was further pointed' or.t that in estimating the design earthquake.value, it is not a to consider maximum accelbration alone, enous but a Lao the duration of strong @^4my (Ibidl. 'the c:sputations nada by the proponents on the design value do not appear to have taken into account the duration of earthquakas felt in '- l Bataan, such factor not having been -4M in any.o:' the catalogues of esethqualas in tha Philippines presented before the f*-4=alen. As against the claim of the'preponents that actaan is *ase4== L " and that no lasge,"ecorded r i earthquaks had its epicentar in the said province, the o positors presented a map prepared by the offica of the International Decade of Conan Explcra= tions of the National Science Foundation (1978) c. of the geophysical aspects of the' East and South-l east Asian seas (Exhibit 55-Tanada) which shows among :others, that an ea=+W had been recorded to be with its epicentar in Bataan peninsula, 2xhi= .,.' hit 50-A-Tanada.' This was confiammi in anothel

• amp presented by. Dr. J5caido (h*11h4t 63-Tanada) which shows' f.hes'a$iE" earthquake epicenter in Bataar; peninsula to be with magnf,tude of between 4.5 to S.S. with, a depth of 70 to 150 k:ss.

mD-h

I ~ Atty. Jat:me Guerrero of the Bataan chapter / of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, one of oppositors, declared' that when he acccmpanied

• the Day 1d J. I.eads to Napot Point on August 15, 1379 he company of some officials of the NPC, he in t

.ced several disturbing features about the not: There sitability of the ground. in the site area. I ceing a typhoon on that day, thers vers several A one-landslides which caused some fatalities. I be are land in sagac sank.by raasen cd an ear *h r 1979. Napot quake'that hit Morong on August 10, t itself was isolated due to the road leading Po it having been washed awaye -="=4mr a 20-meter to chan which the party of Atty. Guerraro had to l He cross by going up and down stdff cliffs. fur lthec declared that Grande Island in Subio Bay l bchusedtobeveryciceedtothemainlandand I wh ald be r* mand by wading carabaos is new about cci k11cessar away frem the mainland. a The seismicity of the plant site is sought to I belittled by the proponents by shcwing that be E.SASCO conducted an axtensive investigation of a site arsa, which investigation resulted in st the. finding that no cm.pable fault exists at or I near Napot Point. It was ackscwledged that they II23 - 12

/ f i f ~ .s . r. _.. g.

• -: y..

se, ... assoountered signs of possible faulting and, for this esason, to ascertain ' the actudlity of such - ,4 possibility, several tranches e dug as well as ottwr procedures adopted, all of."which failed to 3.. ' show the existance of a e= M,P fault at the plant site. The burden of the pr'oponents' evi-dances on the probable occurrence of a large - earth lquaka that cocid seriously affect the plant ,c consists in cpinica which.'tanded to show that such an event is improbablesand incredible. It la theerized by the proponents that large w earthquakes could only occur cin tha k=wnm capable l P faults which lie on the had=7 of the central-I I4tzen Toctonic Province and whtich are far enough, such that the effectz of such earthe'=k==.at the plant sits would already be clearly reducedt that if e .hquakes occur outside of.the central Iazan Tactanic Provinee', their force would be attannated ~ .= ,..~ ~ ' upon reaching the aforamentidnad.bo=2M =d ess' that ut:11a. ee.6s :say be ph. in the =Nr faults 1ccated within the tactenic ' province, they t expected. to be of a magn.itada that corald are Samage the plant with its design values and that .s.. the probabilltf of floating or randcas earthquakas on tie site area or in a nesrby regica is rameta, monsJ dering the history of earthquakes in Bataan I12D - 1.3 .. ~.- . m..

i

-af==ulawhichshowedthatalljefthelarge eart1 quakes that affected Bataan c6uld be assigned l

to ofse of the known capable faulta surrounding t'4 . I.uso s Tactonic Province. D.2 on vocanism 4 e The oppositors presented no evidence of their own on the possible danger arising frcnt the pro-sence of volcanoes naar Napot PE.Lat. They rely l

==faiy on the fia**==a's expresE A by CCNYCL that it 'nhares the view of the rAri Safety Mission that the danger posed by * ' a ranewed volcanic activity of Mt. Natib voiranic complex exists" (Document No. 17). k,- As against the clads of 23ASCO that any volcanic activity in the peninsula would onif I be on the east flank of Mt. Natib,. or away f= cat 1 the plant, CONVOL expressed the belief "that i erup1 ten form any of tha et~aie complexes in the axes is possible act only from the presently observed craters and vents, but,vh.rtually from l any point in the pesinnula, Bata'an having for:ned by the coalition of two der:sant,volca-* - Mt. ~ Natib and Mt. Marivelas*. Further reliance is placed by tie cypesitors CD - 14 e .; s., ~. - s..

t f j kty Mission MpGzt. (Document No. ~ es @ e IAZA 5 12-3) which made the observation that the irapot l sito 1s " unique" to the nuclear industry with respect to risks associated wit.h volcanoes, it being the only nucisar power. Diant located 9 kna. l. away frca a volcamor and that;the only modern noci,sar plant which had been deisigned to account' for volcanic eruption being the Pebble Springs P1artt in tha'.+.. -United States locatad 123 kne. from the naarmat volcano. While the Mission chserved that E3ASCO'hed'done a credif2h'Im work in the inn stigation of the voir maf =nt issue, it also believes that there is still a' great deal of ( uncertainty as to the renewed volcanic activity l of Mt. Nat1h, and that tha fousertion of a new I volcanic cantar on the vest flank of Mt. Natib l is tot considered to be incraddble. It was con-t cluded by the Mission that the hama@ associated with such as eruptica, such as,. ashfall, inspect of vol-= f - eject lw, flow of av=1 =arh==, everflowing ~

gas, ash emissions and gas ace"=rt1ation, as well as laharie.ned2WWM be dakaum into account.

,,;. 4 - The ep M ~ tors, through the tastimony of s Atty. Coerrero, also showed that a ther:nal spring lies at' the fcct; of Mt. Natib which, as ad:sittad s_ 22:3 15

i. by c:3tvcL, is a sign that th's sa'id volcano is not extimet. The existance of said the'rmal ' spring has also been notad by, the IAEA Safoty Mi.ssion } Aaport and the PSAR. The danger posed by W -= 4-g does not seema i to be denied by the proponents. 'In the Psam, it was stated that over two do'seh volcanic, l cantars had been identified wi+5's the boundarias ~ of Caatral Luzon Tectonic P: 3vind:n. However, it is claimed that, azcapt for Taal Sanahaw, and San C$1stnbal,.all ar1 inactive kacl"A* ag Mt. Eatib m and Ma. ?:arivales. IR. La further claimed t. hat, $udginlg by the av==1mation of the,samp. led volcanic t i-products in the ragica, it is theorized that 12 any volcanic eruption vill cccur.in Sataan penin-- e sula, it will be towards the eastern side, or farther away feca Napet Point whi5h is on the west of sataan Peninsula. It is admitted, however, coast that." kin view of the peczialty of' the Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Martveles and Mt. Nat' b val bc cuasuplear.as to A .'the si ta, and the volcanic activi~ty at Taal, the I pctantial effects of possible volcanic activity, anzst tie considered" (PSAR, vol. 3, p. 2.5.1-38). Althoulgh it is admitted that earthquake can be 'j caused by volcanic eruption, it is c1= N that n IIID 16 e

s. .. o.y 1 9 '. I 8 they are ruim*dW amall not avMfM magnitudes 4 t: 5, and would affect only a 11altad arme.- I,t_. - - ids > concluded 'that volcanic earthquakes are un.likely % g -- - - to 15e. 'a hamseds (Ibid, p. 2.5.1-41). .....:8. '. .}.., 0. 3 Sn Tsne =4= p. a .,.-{..p.9 41,s The proponents presented evd>"a_n N to show that the h Lghest tsunaal produced by, the August, 1977 M1 M= ~ eerthquake did net reach a level equiva=. lent to 13 matar above usan sea' level which is the elevation of the plant sita.. Photographs wars - prassated to show that houses of 'dght materia 1= l 2 cated along the s.ashores affect.d by tae.tsdas l wave were not seriously damaged by the same. the l oppositars falled to presant any proof that could. show <: hat the tsuna=1 produced by an earthquake near Bataan can affect the plant %4 its stated

• elevadon.

Nor was any eveldence presented to sus-tain 1:he fear that the withdrawal of the tidal. wave would f=na h the funct4 = dag of the pipes I laid out in the sea to draw water therefrem as part of the plant cooling systare.' W=" = ~ IIID - 17

i k . p. .y3.;. i :...=*2.[ ' E. DISCUSSTON OF "RE EvtDENc3 ' I,,1 Ots Seismicity ~ The concarn voiced by the oppositors as to the safaty of the plant situ ham' evoked the need ,noticulous 'inqu1ry into 'tasi e?=11ty of for a -v the hazards posed earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and ts<anants on the plant site. The Commsission was confresated by a : mass of evidence,;both testimccial and doc l umentary, which, quits.ecpectedly, are es cuantra ctory as the positions taken by the pro-I poo.ntm and the oppositors vt.any au the ~ a u... questiens saked in LCZ No.' 875. M ons expert. puts in, the whole enestion befim deem en er w of ~ credib.:11tv. l The oppositors maintain that the plant can be ser:.ously affacted by a large earthquake with r a magudtude of 7 er 3 on the Richter scale that I can occruz at the plant site.. This clain la dia-pated by the proponents for the reasca that their { studiesi. and investigations have failed to reveal the extstence of a seismogenic fault within 10 kam. l of Napot Point from which such an earthquaka -can origina to, and there is no hista.i. of. even a 22:3 - 1 j .. w...- ^ " "; "s *

~ t

w. '

t--

l mediusr-sized earthquake that had. occurred in the The root question has become.a detemM-area. z.BT tion of whether or not there.are.aetive faults 3 close ' encuch to the plant alte ficat which a larm inacnitude earthquake can bet produced. t ... y,. There is no issue as to the existence of the faults which had been identified.and admitted'by I both parties, to wit, the Philippine Fault, the Min 11a Trench, and the Taal Fracture Ecne which const tute the boundaries cf the tactonic plate known as the "Cantral Lnzen Tectonic Province". Within the said tactonic plata, the preponents >::- admit the existenes of other,f,asd~ts, known as the Iba Fracture Zone, the San Antonic Fracture kne.. the la Bay rasatsre zone, and the West Laison Trougla. ?rcponents,. however, cc5tand that, con- ~ 1 sidering the distance of the,said. faults to Napot j Point,.the nearset M efiE:dt is a6 cut 30 kms. away, ~ x ~, - and the short lengths of the same, it is not. ,.imaginled that they could produced large mac3nitude I .aarthquakes to_sericualy affect the plant sita. The appositors, on the other head, haveg epined that, in addition to the faulf.s mentioned above, there ars still unknown faults at the plant III2i - 2 dp . a,g.:... ; y:

• i

+- = G

6 T 1 g ..p. .s. site [ lose to the same which eenid be th e poter#ial source of large earthquakes. i- . ~ > The presence of visible. manifestations of geolomical features which could be signs of the f existance of a fault has been, admitted by the l swyvuonts. EBASCO had accordingly conducted an l

===4Mtion not. only of the km wn faults but also of thle postulated ones and the lineaman_ts within l a radius of 200 kms. frca the plant site. They l

• 1 dant *1fied the linear features by landsat laagery, aerial photography and by other sophiacated

methods, aftst which, field investigations conaisting of mappiaq, trenching, exploratory borings and other l

procedures weru. conducted. The *z;esult of said .es=' na* dan. is reflected in sekral volumes..of the PSAR. The study came up with the conclusion that there are no active faults withih 10 1cas, fr.m the plane. site. On the questien of the ' existence of the . postulated faut.ts, the Cermuission sees no convin-cinq proof to warrant a cateocrieal findine. itopuldzerslyrelyongeolcgical ' ~ The featuras which could be a manifestation of the. existence of a fault, such.a's, lineaments and slichensides. It is conceded, hcvever, that c'. IIIB ,3 a, a."..

t c .a . c. i-they are not neessaarily 1M'c=*#ve of the ' exist-of fanita, sruch less os ~aN.ive or seisamlogic ~ ~ ence faults, unissa proper investigation and analysis shall have been coMnet' d to s

• y their true i

nature. Such study has not beian undertaken by any of the oppositors. On the other hand, a vari.fication of the supposed faults had been 1 done by EEA.BCO for a pericd of about two years has involved six U.S. geologises and an number of Philippine counterpart geologists. g Between one who merely susW=- or postulates, and another who had actua1Iy veriflind the existance or 6 . non.existance of the supeosed faults, the choice .g is not hard to==>. ~ ~ ~ oppositorscapitaliza on the showing sada by the Burman of Jtineec.as.to,the existance of certain 'lineamants* a't Napot Point,as' de+=M"*A by j l satellita pho % = A. A photo:. 14n- - t is said to 'any line on aartal' photographs that is stw. l turad.ly controlled, including any al.ig= ment of l separata photographic images, such as, stream beds, l trees or bush'~s that are ao Nntrolled*. The e 'l investigations and analysis of oald lineamenta had I beeni previously undeftaken by ESASCO and the s l result of such study is contafi:ad in the PSE4. f Q x. c.w ?.kr.M zm - 4 j

~ ~ ~ - %e su:rsau of Mines, bene,ver,(zalled attention to two other geological features which could L. -a be imlications of fan 1 ting, which it had iden ', tifisct as outcrop "A* and oute. op *B* in separate-placen at Napot Point whers a fissure and a slickunaide had 'been noticed, 'raspectively. To verify thier' true nature, a field inspection was conducted by PAEC and NPC-ESASCO. In their doint it was stated that neither of tho two report outererps could be censidered a saiamogende or tectord.c fauler they being very s'inali in size and do not: continua at depth. Mr. D4Nid J. Leeda', .s. p,. w.e "mpert wtha== presented by the oppositors who also inspected the said featursa,during his visit to Nasot Point, -has admittad in tila maaorandum that neither of the two outcrops appem=s to be I a seismic threat to the,, site. ~ v. ' ' y-... ;, 'With respect to the ' ins =mant ce structural l t. line d '-h m-sesculaton-by-nr. '11~~as in his paper published.in 1947 and identir.ed by h1ra as Line "H-E" strating frca Lipga*/ m Culf going l southawt on the eastern fla:Oc of. n=ha7es Moun-c tain to Cavita, Satangas, Minders'and up to Tablas Island, it had been explained by Dr. Alcaras that his further st$dib on the zacter M M-5 ~ ~f g. w. 9

n-y. an t convfneed hiz about the errof in his previous theory ( ^.: ragazding the same.

Moreovar, said structural

~ line as postulated some 30 years ago when geo-> logists were unaware of the 'tranch system which would maka it impossible for such a struccaral line. to c=mse known faults, like the San Azitonio Frac-tore ne and the Manila Bay Fracture ' Sone. On the assumption that there are no known active faults at the plant aite,:the only possi-bili l .I c- ' an earthquake located. thereat would be what is know as a " floating

• or 'randem" earth-

_uake. No evidence was $rasented before the q hdston to show that such a 3iind. of earthquaka with a magnitude that can produca an accalaration higher than 0.4g has ever occurred at the sita. l Cn the,_cen_trary, all the large and medium-sized I

• earthquakas that had affected Bataan peninsula.

h lab ad sen.. trap t _as having originated frem one of the known faults aforamentioned.. Asaforestated,thelargeEtearthquakathat can occur from a,known active fault that can affect ~ the p Lant sita 'is thd ene originating fr:st the. subduction acne of tM Manila.T=sach which, at i its nearest point, is 70 kas., balow Napot Point. l A magnitude 8 earthquaka from t.liis source has been

• g.

UU * $.. 1; ~ ' -

s ~ ~ postulated in the cesputation of the SSE. The earl& quakes that can originate from the other' fau[,tswillbeauchweakerashelt*at the plant site, either because of their distance or the reintiialy loor capability of the faulta of origin. The possibil.ity of sazt.hquakes occurring at or affecting the plart site does not necessarily meart that a nuclear power planti may not be ceru tructed thereat. Thara are-severs 1 nuclear 1 plarkts which had been estabLrshed in places where earthquakes are a ccm.cn occurrancs, such as these in capan, Mexico, and California, U.S.A. What matters is whether the plant is' designed to witfstand the effects of tha laigest possible marthquake that can occur at the plant site. A i nuclear poeter plant is supposad to be designed I to vithste.d, among others, ' the pressures that can be produced by earthquakes. It As assigned an earthquake design valua otherwise known as the l i "5AFX satPTCWN EA.RTHQt2AX2" (533)y.which is said to te the kind of aanbquake that, would permit, the plant to be shutdown without_ damage to its swat partir useit'in its normal operation., wg The peak accaleratica as the plant site was .c determined by Z3ASCO to be 0.339 As an W M ~ IIIZ - 7 ..g.

.r i. I '-~* ~" ~~

• W:7;.

w.. a~"="". n. n--~=-- , ;;u., 3-_.-:.~..--- [_^"iil" -- $..N 3. -- '^~ --~].$~~ ' -- - ..... 5 u _..:. 7 safety factor.' Westinghous*A-isased the desigra t t value to 0.4g. The sufficisacy of this des 4=n volo,e was sought to be questioned by the oppo-si. toleswho claimed that.it shoul.d have been raised to at leas 0.65g. P e, difference of l . opinion on this matter is due to the use of diff tformulasorattenuac1AncurvesLa arri r1=q 4t such andel~eration value. -The Comunis- ..i sionn has not bean suffied*T 17 convinced that ,,the acceleration value used in the design of the

t. was not adequata or conservative enough, plan It i s an admitted fact that.by raising the design l

3 valuu of the plant would man an additional out-lay ol f several tens of thousanda of dollara which ~ couliprovetotallyunnecessary[andwouldonlymaks 1 the plant to be overdesigned. There is no historical record of a significant 2 eart.bquake that had occurred in'Napot Point. The evidance presented by the partise would tend to t show"that ene or two earthq"=y== had been opt - oastared in Bataan Province, buti they are of medituu mag tude estimated to be around 4.5 on the Richtar scale. The oppositors presanted a recorded adcount of anl eartixpsake that affected Manila and su==ound-ing provinces otr sept-hee 16,1852 which caused III2 - 8

5 t 3 ..w ....;,.....,.g., . t... cumstrable dansage in Nnnf Tm.and, with respect 1 . o the'province of Bataan).resu1*N if. the t 1 churches and parish houses of; Abacay, Limay Mariveiss, and Balanga.to sustain b idarable i

damage, and in Zambales resulted in the sinking

~ of a h1 in subic say. There was no account of the affect of the su earthquale in Morong - .or in anl y other town in the western side of Bataan I provinen. Neither was chora proof of the location. of the,picentar or the said earthquaka, apperently due to the lack of instamtation which did not become kva11able in the Philippines until the 1 ~ early years of the American occupation. Oppost, I . tors further raly ca a map of' the.ihilipp h l .u prepa..a4 by Fathar"Thdara.Easo of the Phi.lippf.no' weather Bureau, published by the Bureau of Censum in 1904r showing the volcanone and seismic centars in the 7h111ppinas, whersin it is indicated that .antaan is in the region atare earthquakes were r " wary f:,.equent*. The accuracy N this map is readily open to question in the light of subse quant f.Ladings that earthquaksa,in the Ph111ppinas had concentrated along the Phhippine Fault I and other known faults. The said'any creatas - the sis.'sading impression that there were mars I earthqua):us in Bataan Provines than in the places ~ mz _9 ,og;.;3. ---

i, 1 t 1 8.. -traversed by the l'hilippine Fault. Even the map 1 .identi fied by Dr. Ernesto Sonido of the U.P. Depart-ment o.t Geology, who was presented.as witness by the cp positors, shows that only che earthquake epi.c.e.n,.tkred in Sataan of magnitude 4.6 penine'ala. 3.2 o,1 volcanism The only unrsst posed by. volcanism is a Possib Le eruption of Mt. Nati.S located just 9 kms f rom the plant sita. Initsferig1nalpost-tion paper, the Ce aton on volcano.% had expremiad the view that the danger posed by a renewed volcanic activity of Mt. Batib exists. In its asacrandds:, however, CCBGC, gave. the ~ ansdifiiad view that, while it admits the possi-hility of an a:uption of Mt. Netd, *the prebe-hility of such an event to happen is very low". Ityt2mo expressed its concurrecan N th the view ' y of NPC -ESASCO that the probability of such ~ eruption on the west flank of Mt. 3atib is much lower bhan for such ~an event to take pl. ace in the east flank of said volcanal The part14e arin egr 2d' that even if an eruptian of the main ~ crater of Mt. Natib shall occur, there are sufft-I efent natural barriers t.c protect the plant site freve t. e direct affsets of py eplastic flows. 2:23 - 10 .s.

4.....

i i 1 s, ,-- l.:99- '.. l ,g16 wing avalanches, lava flows and!di. rect impact .of volcanic ejects. No evidence was presented ~ , dispute the c1afe of the proponents that the lavu activity of Mt. Natib oc w M at least 70,000 I l years ago. The only possible adverve ahfset of a volcante i eruption of ht. NaH h won 1A be ashfall and volcani l Neither avant is believed significant tremore. enough to seriously da==ge the plant. It is to be I esq me red ehae,.n m. m.a eat can occur without waMag, a vo1-=4" aruption is It pree d-d by signs before it actually happens. has bee ln said that the shortsst period for a volcano" l to maaMast activity is three (3) amys prior to the actual eruption. It is arpected, this being one of I the corditions imposed for the licensing of the nucles: plant, that a monitoring system be installed for the ym g e of predicting voidanic activities. within the period thus alleved, pz=per safeguards could be taken to prevent the disastrous conse= 1 quences of a nucisar accident. 2.3 co'=sunamis It is not dented that tsunamis may hit' the This is sherslina on which the plant is located. b I:23 - 11 g e '

e.r +

t. ;.s,-

the presence of the Maa M.e .?. Trench lying because para 11m1 to the west coast of. Bataan p==f==ula ~ l a hundred kilometers away which is an active faulk and which could generate a.large-efsed tsunant. , if the tsuassi will only be as high as the Eowou ene caused by the Mindanao ea2N:hquake of August

1977, ich was estimated to be savan (71 meters would not affset the plan't' inasmuch as

high, the pimat site is on an elevation of 13 meters above l

mean sea level.. The computation made by '"" as to the site of the postulated tsunami that can his zapot Point was a osschstas of it S meters based t ' argest possible earthquakehet the Man 11st :.. l en the Such a tsunami is beliaN WfV*13 to Trench. affectiba plant at its stated sievation. It e pointed out that, Napet Poist'being was a narrow, r4 MS,=, 4 f 4 M out tato the, sea, ~. m-: the ts"_"M_ d p __ M the tip of'the said*. la where tSe plant is located as hard as peninsu l ~ the shcres of the -4*iand where its force would 1, s... s be 61.-

f, :.*f.:.'...-;.

~ ,m. 44 THE OPT 32CW OF TME w euLY3NTS It has been realized that the issue of seis-sicity deserves maximca attention on the part of - ( ~. 2223 Jn

tbs commision with a view to arriving at a satis-g factory resolution of the concer's, rharding: the ~ In the face of the.eanteting theories-same. snaexpres_ sed,,bythepartiehparticipants, hi** ecognising. that the said hasse_a-aduires his and r scient:ific and tea 4mi knowledgefnot within the p -. 1- - f--- peculiar competence of the assbers of the e - f=sion,,

3.. _ l ----- -, - -

it hah been decidad to avail of the services of - l internationau f recogni.d authorities on the I Inasmuch subject of seismology and geophysics. I as they ao not represent any.of. ;the parties and rtherefore no partisan. intarast to subserve, have it it assumed that their opea4aa= on said issues would carry the weight of ersdihility borne of iality and"neatrality. Frtsa a 11st of tirelve ~ experts, the competsnce of eve.w of whcm is un-disptzad, the Nf =Aion directed the partiss 3:o h=to their respective choices for inclusion f 84 L advisory panel of four or five hn. By La ar e a p_ :-'t of the parties', five names wara commac sel'ented, all of "whcma were extended invitations e e teamission%" serve in' an advisory capacity. by th Although all of the five exp chosen by the.

as expressed willingness to favor the invita-part.

only two wara abic to. cme to the' Philippines,

tion, others having been unable to come for.one. reason the

.w -. .~.,0

33..

1. ~..

,a i i W-M Those who warm able to.make it were Dr Dr. 7. Carl Stepp and Dr. Mmtm Icanits. ~ holds the degress of S.5. Geology, M.S. stepp En was in' Geophysics, and Ph. D. in Geophysics. the USNBC. fztm '1973 to 1379; as **=* of its with ^. _3 anos Eramals and la presently con C I with Geos , INC., a fizza of consulting engineers and M geolo\\ gists based.in Long Seach,' California. p. i Dr. r~tts is presently ';p prod'assor of sa - Es mology at the Waaional University of mecico. armerly a director of the Institute of Geo-was physics of the University of Chile and latar Asse-1 Ramsarch Geologist of the N.aiversity of Cali-ciats forad a.

'i Aftar, going over the rea' sed of the prc-:::iiacs condtcted by the h4 **1on, 'Mw'4 av the trans-a of the tas*dwa4ms of thm. ' witnesses, and a review cript of tha pertinent valames of Pea % the two. afore-oned consultants expressed their con:currance moned e fladtags of the hf asion' set

• forth above I

in ti ~ e issues of seismietty, vole==4 = and tsunamis. on t2 va'a th* 9"...**** th* M '=1== ** 8 9 'har is etinsarvative enough, and that the nataan Woclase g Plan 1, As designed can safely withstand,the es.rth s reasonably expectsd to occur in the sita. gu.ake w t e e .g. III:s d 14 : t

1 ~ V. sr 5 -.q, 24 is.,also their opintom..that the overall ,, arsa . v. evidence, both geological and geopa.f 11 cal, strongly ~ orts the interpretation of lack of tect$nic. r

• a sups:

act3vity in the vicinity of Madot. Point during thepasttaasofthousandsof3 rears. They support the opinion exprassed by @% that the out-s referred to,by the 3ursau of Minas, which aros they investigated during a trip made to the sita do not show the existence of active faulting."

arst,

.6 They also. aggies.qu@ttw _m. and COMTOL that any .possible activity of Mt. Eatih,would be on the east side and not on the west flank where the plaz;t is located. i The consultants express satisfaction over .m the at+=*mure'mr curves used by E3ASCO.t:a deter-zw.=; en &--e - mes.m.em been based on dada derived front h and Western Unifmi Statse w'hich have more ass the same L1tions as those' gbtaining in the Philippines. corw wh.il,e bo.th of..them vers...not...espec. ially. impressed by N.he methodology used by, ERASCC_which they .eved could stand improvement,, they ara %. f bel: the opinion that the eenclusions arrived at a:th a Thev are of the bellaf that, if gre' ter b e. r r e c.t. g erofessionalism was shewn in the svaluationer made P. e 2223 - 15 g g D

I e .e< i by E3ASCO, the resuit would have been a leerer acceleration value than 0. 35g. 3 g.. Or t.aunamis, the consultants find that the coagmtation made by ESASCO of a*==v4 - height of 10.5 meters for the tsunami run-up at thin plann site appears.to be', conservative. In abort, s., they do not foresee any i5 anger from this event. .u..

. s.

.' W. _.n .a 7 3I22 - is ..Nb..

5 j' - .C. 0..N.C _L..U.S.I O..N ~ A. THF. ANSWERS TO QCESTICNS'NCS. l' E 9: .h Confor:nably to the above discussion, the - g cmunissf.!on submits the following answers to the question ls powed by Letter of Instabens No. 876. -t-

• f:n 7-

+ Questier No. 1: 3 ) The Bataan Nucisar Reactor Plant GMPP-1) has beer,found with inadequate safeguards and could be a potential hazard to the healtS and safety of the public. It is admittadly not a new danign. By 1982, data of scheduled initial eparat.icn of PNPP=1, the desigri (1973) is airsady much ouM*4 A. Ilestinghouse wuld not p2cvi3e additional

• l amfeguard.s until ordered by tiba en5 tad states Nuclear Regulatory e * =sion.

Wcatinghouse further

almtme, albeit arroneously, that the strictar stand-ards Amamm ed by the United Statas Nuclear Regulatory d

Causmiss:,ca af ter the L_; "J.le Zs.1armi incident, s

sferred to operating plants only, not to 75PP-1.

l As far as westinghouse is concerned, the Naticnal ' l Power Corporation aust have 'to accept the design of l the Sataan Plant for what it is. ',. s- ,.[ IVA. - 1 ..4e. 6. e

1 1 ~ ~_....s ~ c The categorical =M raion of iiability by top o icials of Westinghouse in the event e radical and fundmeental changes should be done in the design of the Bataan nuclear plant stranchens the conclusion that. no additional I safeguards on the PNPP-1 design had indeed been i incor;cratad, as they had themselves also ada.ittad. Corstrary to the contantion of' Festinghouse, the sesrentaen (17) unresolved safaty issues addresl sed by tstenty-two (22) tasks la the USNRCI l program and the, forty-one (413 proh7=== or un resol safety issues submittad in a report by l the USNRC to Congress were indentified and should have blen p M ded for. e Scme of the unresolved I issues or problema relats to the pressurized reacto r steam generator tube integrity, reactor- ~ vessel, toughness, eseetor coolant pump supports, ' toughness of steams generator, seismic design i eriteria, etc. Tha frequency of sceidents is{naciasr reacter plants, not --ch@t5ose dee'igned by westdag

• house, ' ara caminous signals tha$ sifaty is not assured and therefera additional safeguards ara l

~ impera tive. Depress warranty on the part of the w T7A = 2 J.* O O

n e -~ suppli c as to the safety of the plant including all its vital ccamponent should be required. Quest 1on No. 2 2) westinghouse men with Fi'14My trainee maployees of the National Power Corporation will man the plant temporarily. The Filipino hands will be coarposed of engineers in the different disciplJ.nes trained in the Westinghouse Nuclear Field Centar in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Train-twy staated since 1975. After a 11ttia over a ) year,.the operation of the 34taan nuclear plant will be left en*4 aly to the F111p'1'no angineers. ~ These,F L11pino eagtseers would be, duly iteensed l trainee operators in operating auclear plants in the United Statas and not only 'on simulators. Constion No. 3 3) The Phi 1 M ine Atzmic Energy Censmizaton, the Nat i.onal Power Corporation

• and Minist.7 of 5ealth < mach prepared.smergancy plans for coping with radiation -

1g M es. The plan'would Lavolve, all government related agencies includi.ug the barr}io captains. l [ Nat onal Power Crrporatick Sill shoulder the wA, 3-5

i I e Y .g.- damages and costs in case of'mosiaar accidents. I isational Pows: corporation will'organima a Ph11f.ppine Nuclear Insurance Pool with the M t Service Insurance Systus, as lead I insurer. Liability of the inst.allation operator La bol wever limited to five atti U' US dollars l for any one nuclear accident pursuant to Republic I Act lio. 5207, section 42. This law was amended l by Presidential Decree No. 1484; which id"*ta be 11abr.11ty of the Republic of the Philippines in 1 indesmity agreements with contractors or suppliars I of goods or services for an atoalc energy facility or controlled by the gevannment to one hun-dred twenty millica US dollars., Question No. 4 t. 4) Onder the 1363 Bilatarzl $greement b.i.e.Es the Esgublic of the Philippines and the United i states Govertseest szchange of,information. on the cit, uses of nuclear energy and related matte:ts is pa dad for. Cur Philippine A*= u Energy.' e

-M m a w =ag zaxc.zas- $100 08 DuC1Sar Safeguar a With'IthG UnitSd States d Nucisar Regulato=y (*==f usion through the United I States Embassy in* Manila. "2s Philippines is I7A - 4..

t. ? '.- 4,. n. .,m "also

===ha v-country of the.' Int'rnational Atomic a Energy 7,gency and has been receiving IAZA Bulletins. cn part 2 of Question No. 4, no_ definite s+= 4 M s,==v4 = or minimum, h~ ave been shown ~ l to prevenn nuclear contamination becau.se of the poss'ht'+ty that expsours might 5 received under ~ a va ety of conditions and circumstsacess hence, ~ it is impossible to lay dcwn reccamendations for action levels that would be generally applicehla. I nowever, the PAEC, NPC and the Ministry of Health 'I have introduced organizational plans to prevent nucletr contamination. Cuase.Lon No. 5: The occurrence of an eathquake sia11a 5a to tha one that hit Mindanac in August 1377 (estirsated to be 7.8 magnituda on the Richte: (isamass P4 ev.ent et 'Napot Point. scale ~ An earthquake of that magnitude may originata from the known active faults surrounding the Central Luzon Tactenic Rzovince ut:1ch are the .Philigpine Fault, the Taal Fracture Zone, and a the Ma nila Trench, only an earthquake from the subdugston zcne of the Manila Trench at its near-I esa pctnt of about 70 kms. below Napot Point can u IVA - h

i 3 ^ produce.ignificant ground acce2eration ah the -r plant site. That kind of an earthtuake, as well as a postniated earthquake of nagnitude 7 originating from the San Antonio'Fractura ,i zone, had been&ly considered IA*' rriving at the anemieration value of 0.35g. anch a desigs value or 5s2 is believed to be conservative enough, particularly so when it was increased to O. 4 rg :.n the plant design. Thare is, thereford, a russMis assurance that the largest postulated I earthquakes that can be felt at.the plant site would not result in leakage or spillage resulting in nuclear contamination, No a d. M abla evi= A dance had been found to indicata,that.a red m or f1ciating earthquake which couM not be traced of the known faults will Mccur at the ko onal plant site. Ctesidering the elevation of the plant site which is 18 meters above :nean. sedlevel, the plant would be safe free a tsunami or t'idal wave re-saltirs from an eart.*x;uake of tectonic origin i.. similar to the one that hit Mindanao in August 1977, it having been shown that the said tsunami had

• I the anximum height of caly 7 meteras.

IVA - 4 g

t. '.t-g .g Questton No. 6: 6 There is no convincing evidence that the Batama Nuclear Power Plant is loEsated on an active or se ;smogenic fault. Scme' geological features, such as, lineaments, fissures and slickenaides had been ahown to exist, but all i'avastigations and analyses so far conducted have yisided no posi-tivo algn that they are active fau.1En, Quest;.on_we. 7: Thers is no record of thh history of earth = 71 quakes at Napot Point. The rE d of historical. i marthepakes as kept in churca archives could only s t.a c.e the general area where the ' earthquake had been felt and the effects thereof. Madr i a the - p instruments vers precured,the spicenters of historical earthquakes could NoE. be ' identified I nor t?cir magnitudes sacerts.ined." PAGASA has a record of same earthquakas that had been felt in sataan during the Spanish period, namely, the 1 earthc;uakes of November 30, 1645, Decarber 7, 1677, November 5, 1796, september 16, 1952, June.1 1863, Octcher 1, 1869, and July 18, 1880. The said record does not reveal the epicancars of l said marthquakes nor the c?aznage caused by ths r 5 r;- - gya - 7

i i 't 4 e 9 same in Moring or any other portion of Western sataan. Since 1900, only.'com earthcruake had been j instrmsentally determined to lunNs its epicentar in Ba.t.aan Peninsula and it was of a magnitude esti ted to be between 4 and'4.4 on the Richt.ar scale, or auch below the SSE or flesign value of taan Nuclear Power Plant., the Question No. 8: 8 > There is as yet no stable rock formatica in any of our islands which could serve as a par. manen t: burial aits for nuclear wasta. The Intar-agency Ccommittee created under 'M"iatrative Order No. 389 has non yet chosen the sits or location LA the Philippine [where the . exact nuclear waste may be stored. T'se low level waste will be uced in w1ame and placed in fitty steel gallons sealed drums then transferred to the storage W w ng. a Attar one year they will be transfarred to an n+ off-site storage facility, whichiham not. as yet. m.. L m te1y 1 cat.d. rhe high level wasta or spent fuel is si:nrad I in the fuel storage building in the sita. After l ,four or five years, this spent fuel has to be m.,

a e

1. ~%.

,L... so1Ldified and ' deposited at its final repository, the place of which is still uncertain. The daa; era in the handling and fragnant transfers of Jow, medium and high level wastes cannot be but over-escphasized and a very,nigh degree of competence arsd' cars sust be exerc'ised by the l operator. Cuention No. 9.:

,c...&

9) westinghouse officials, notwiths mnding a the request of the President iz $ s l' attar datad w April 11,197f, have not made any clarification on doubts that arose abcut the safety of the Bataln Muclear Power Plant tinos,the T. h M11e a Islanld incident of March 3 25, 1579. It Was only I on June 22, 1979, that Weatinghecas sent ita, panel of experts to see the President, long aftar the President had already created the Commaission on Waclear Reactor Plants by vigtne of Executive t Orde; No. 539 dated June 15, 1379. This obviously I danchstratas unwarranted delay and lack. of imme-I diate concern over the safety of the plant IYA = 9 O q.

1, tat .s.. ,,8

• j-c.

. ai. 3. SUMMATION 't .1 3 The Bataan Nuclear'Pland as designed is not safe. Admittedly, it is an old dasign - pl with unresolved safety tasues like othar West:cnghouse designs under review by usNRC.,

Thus, it is a potentdal hasard to~the health and safety of the public.

2 2 The Bataan Nuclear Plant design needs fundamental changes and additional safeguards. It ap pears that Westinghouse nuciaar reactors do not have, among others, adaquata amargency core-coolig systems. 3 The frequency of aM%dki"in nuclear power reactor plants, of which thei Ccummission takes public I notica, is an omiinous sign that safaty 1.s not-i assured.. It is imperative that the requisita l safety devices be installed if it is decided to contisue with the nuclear plant. 4. The crucial problem of nacisar wasta disposal has not been solved, as the Intar-Agency comm19 tee charged with finding a, final rapository b 'f for these vastas has yet to locata a suitable placee An international burial sita as ennaioned by the Philippine Atomic 2nargy c'

1. =sion has zys

'i....

h.

s 7 i I yet to be located and its establishment is not la sight. This is a universal problem. 5. On the question of whether the plant can withstand the effects af eehcr'*==, vol-1 eruptions and tsunamis that may hit or canitt .y-occur at the plant sita, the C=ummission finds that there is reasonable assurance that any .occurrenes of such events, by itself, will not causo leakage or spillage resulting in nuclear v contamination. The seismic' design of.the. plant (0.4g $32) bas ta3cen Anto acccunt the strongest earthquakam that may be expected to occur er be felt at the plant sita. Some experts, including our consult-ants expressed thr. view that said design value is ist fact over-conservative. An eruption of Mt. Natib is within th3 realm of pr@=h'11ty but is considered rancte, since I it is virtually extinct and had 'not shown activity in clie last 70,000 years. Shoudi it erupe, the only likaly sigfifficant hazard that it could cause 2 I to t!ie plant would be uhfall. The plant site appears to be safe fress khe effe<m.s of tsunamis due to its elevation of 18 matara ~ r. i .IVE - 2

b ~ g .I abova mean saa level. The tsu5 amis caused by the dvaA=am earthquake of August 1977 had a. run-up of only 7 matars. The suspected or post:llatEfaults have not been proved to be real faults, much less active or seismaganic ones, as shcwn by the investigations and studies conducted regarding eh.js The commission is a W 1y of the view tnat ennetdering partinent matters as they presently stand, it is to the best intarest of clur ccuntry and people that the project may j cont.inua only if Westinghouse agree to rene- ) I, gotiate its contract with WPC.. Such a course l q of action should remedy the' isd:gu'1tous and onarcus sti tions of the contract, provide reasonable l assurance of the safety of the nuclear plant, f i assure supply of uraniu:n' fuel, 'and allay the - fears of the people about its possible harm *. i Moro importantly, Westinghouse should, in that I eves,t, manifest and demonstrats that it shares b guard the welfare of our people ecosistant with IVB = 3. b e,..

s t a e v,. <~ the ever-pressing need for additional acurces ,i. of anargy. ~ Manila, November 13, 1979. (Sqd.) RICARDO C. PUNO Chai.- san (S9 J JOSE G. PM.3".i d (5gd.) CCMht M. VASCUZ3 3tember anamher' +.. T3tDE CCPT November 16, 1973 8 1 O G 4* e .,g.. g e 9 O e 4 e h >. N

• >999 e

9 g s .}}