ML19270H923
| ML19270H923 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000574 |
| Issue date: | 11/28/1979 |
| From: | PHILIPPINES |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8001080384 | |
| Download: ML19270H923 (133) | |
Text
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.Camisnian on nucker.x.R,sactor Plants .
Met:m P.an11a .
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.. i In Ra* Inquiry on the Safety f- to the Puolic o:i the
( Bacann riucles: Plant Gor ,txec. Order No. 5's9, June 15, 1979) I
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- II. THE BATAAN NUCLEAR PI. ANT IIA-1 ,
A. BASIC .9mm INFORMATION IIA-1 . I
- 3. QUESTICN NO. 1 .
. II5-1
. i . :
The Thram-Mika Island - IIB-1 Nucisar Incident
. 1 Safeguards Tsknn Against .
j Repetition in the Bataan .. . i Nuclear Plant II3-3 . , l . : D. QUESTICH HO. 2 IIC-1
- b. QUESTICN NO. 3 . . I.ID=1 * ,
- 5. QUESTICN NO. 4 22-1 .
'F. QUESTION NO. 8 -
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G. , QUESTION NO. 9 .r. IIG-1 l-
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III. *33 SAFETT. W THE. SIT 3 .
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A. BASIC CUESTICNS, ISSUESf - PCSITIC3S AND ANTZCZ:3r725 IIIA-1
.A.l* Basic Cuest.1cns; IIIA-1 .
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! A.3 Site r.ccation of the "
Plant . IIIA-2 - j A.3 The Issues IIIA-5 .
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- A.4 The positions Taken *
! by the Parties IIIA-7
- S.. THE STAND C"' THI PROPCNINTS .IIIB-1
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s ' 3.1 On Seismicity III3-1 ",
; B.2 Cr. volcanism III3-4 ,
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s . . - . . C. . THE S*?JLHD CP THE CPPOSI'ICRS - IIIC-1 , c.1 Cn Seismicity .IIIC-1 . C.2 On Volcanism I23C-2 .
- C.3 On Tsunamis .
. IIIC-2 .
D. THE EVIDENCI PRESISTZD . IIID-1
, . D.1 on seismielty - - -
IIIn-1 . a
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D.2 cn Volcanism IIIs-14
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D.3 Cn Tsunamis
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i ' i E. DISCUS 3ICN OF THE EVIDZNCE III2-1
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I- E.1 Cn Seismicity - 22I3-1 , , p E.2 On Volcanism , IIII-11 k- . -
, E.3 Cn Tsunamis III2-13 E.4 Tho opinien of the .
Consultants . ~ IIIZ-14*- IV. CCNCLUSICN . "
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- 4. The ANSWERS 70 QUESTICNS. .
NCS. 1 tc 9 . ., ,, Question No. 1 - IVA-1 .
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The subject of the.present inquiry, the . l . Philippine N"cI==r, Pcwer Plant'1p under construction at Napot Point in th'a umfcipality . ; I of Morong, Sa aan, by the Wes * ;nNume Inter- , 1 : national Projects n' 7 any for the operator. I The National Pcwer Corporation, ne'Ma* the super = 1 vision of the Philippine Atemic Energy C m 'asics
= .s as the regulatory body concerned under Republie .
Act No.' 5207 ai amended and other relatod laws., ( . rules
.d regulations.
Censtruction commenced in 1977. While the I wor.4 was in progress, an accident occurred at .- I tha Three-Mile Island Nuclear Plant in Harrisburg, . , I . Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on March 28, 1979. , t : Cn' the basis of a latter dated May 10, 1979
.sent to,Ex-Senator Loran =o Tadada by Mr. Augusto'.
Almeds icpes, a Fildpino resident at Harrisburg, . Pennsylvania, former Senator Tadada addressed a { letter cated June 14, 1979 to President Ferdinand I E. Marcos asking, among others, for the' suspens10: , of the clonstruction of the Bataan nuclear reactor
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. Plant, alleging that the completion and operation of the roactor plant w1n. create ,a . grave a=d pre-I . . . .
sent danger to the lives of many Filipinos, and , I
' urging the creation of a c=mf.i;sion to review the ,
. I advisability of continuing the construction. ' . l l
In accordance with the suggestion, President i n-Ferdinand 3. Marcos issued Executise order No. . . i
. s 539 on June 15, 1979 creating a - favion to I conduct an inquiry en the safety to.the public of ,
I l all, nuclear plants in the country ecmposed of -f I a former senator Lorenzo Ta5ada as Chai man, with . I Asse=bjymen Ricardo C. Puno (now Minister of f Jcstice) as co-chairman, and such.'other members , w' as the President may later appoint. In his lactac , , , i ; to the resident dated June 20, 1979', Tafiada, . hcwever, declined the appointment.. On June 22, -
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l : . 1979 President Marcos appointed' two retired . b justices from the court of Appeals, Justice , f . . Conrado M. Vasques and Justice Jose G. Bautista, , , as s
. rs of the ecmndssion. Justice Vasques .
t & . took his cath cf office on June 23, 1979, and , , 1 - . Joscles'y Bauti.sta v=s sworn into' office on .. . June 2d, 1979. The comission thus formed then ~ l ;'
- c=mmenced its work, vich Assemblymen Puno as
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i . . . as members . In his Let tar of Instructionp No. 376 issued
. en Junte 14, IS73, President Marcois directed the , ,
~f -=1ou to obtain answers to the' following
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quaetions4 , s ,
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. *1.. What specific safeguards, '
iT any, has been taken against repeti- .' , cion in the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant o'f the Three-Mile Island nuclear inci- . . dent which cccurred in Pennsylvania, U'. S .A . , on March 28, 19797 C
- 2. Who aru the pect ~.e hho will o perate the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
. aid what. . ar..s.a:.their qualifications?
- 3. I2r ' case there is an' accident s4mirar to % Three-Mile Island inc1-d at in the Bataan Nuclear Pcwer Plant, *
.. . w at resourcas, bcch scientific and dustrial,ars available to prevent cbntaminatz on of the surrounding areas ,
and atmosphere as sell 'as the peopl e e r'sidin'g thereat? Wo will finance and ., . pkovi.de facilitics ho prevent cone. m' ns ~ - tion and how much wculd it ccut? Who iTL11' pay for the damsges and . costs? --- I 4. Are we exchanging wi.th or *
. .aining information on nuclear safe- ,
(n./ rds from other countries, like the Uni. tad States through fts Nuclear Regu-14<.ory Cr - *sion which originally re- - cpamended the establishment of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in 19617 What are the maxtmum and minimum apcaptable categuards to prevent n12 clear contamination? .
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- 5. In case there s.iould be an f- . aarthquake similar to tho one that hit .-
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C 1 * ' ~ Mindanac In August 1977, which was '. of 7.2 intansity en the Richter scale, v411 the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant - be able to withstand the shock with- . *
- oSh leak or spillage resulting in -
nuclear contamination? Can.it with- ,
. . sund a tsunanti or tidal wave caused by. earthquake of tectonic origin similar t4> the tsunant thar. hit Mindanao in August 19777 ,
- 6. Is the Bataan Nuclear Power -
Plant located in a fault in .the "- earth's
. surface? *
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.7. What is the history fof earth-qpakes in the particular sita of the . .
Bataan Nuclear Pcwer Plant? , , ,
- 8. Where, how, and by whom will-nuclear vasta be disposed of and what
- arm the rink involved in the* disposal
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S. About a week after the Three- .
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W.le Island ineMet on March 28, 1979, - I, directed the Ministry of Energy to *
! ri.pquire Westinghouse ,to send.. experts- ,
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. pecially.in-the
,,to the Philigd w, that have areassCas.,to explain doubts
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. d of t.5m.? resident about the safety .
'o the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant.
- '4hy has not Weistinghouse done so up l
. to now?" ,
f . t . l The Ccwainston started th'e,iMry on June 23, .
- 1379akthePhilippineInternationa'lConvention 0 .
Cantarg Roxas Boulevard, Metro Man *1=. The parti- . I c1 pants who entaied regular and. special appea.~ ,
'ancu al t the initial hearings ..in .'their evn behald '
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.or in 2.he :ucee's7MNyrdacipais ge: -
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Lorenzo TaBada, Atty. Joker A..wie,., Assemblyman Anton;.o Roman, Jr., Mr. James S. Mo' ore, ,Mr. - tJ. l ' gerald R. Carroll., Mr. Waltar Wilg3, Mr _ James.,,,,# z
- T Cronin.,. Mr. James C. Woeber, - - Mr. John D.
_ . g . ._ Bankows.ky, Mr. D.aniel W. Call., Mr.,,,,Raymond
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- Sero, Energy Deputy Minister Gabriel Y. Itchon, .
Realth Minister Clemente S. Gat' mattan, Dr. Segundo I moxasi Energy Minister Ceronimo Velasco, Dr. . Zoilo M. Bartolome, Dr. Carlito Aleta, Mrs. Nora ,- , Fotines, Assemblynan P.oque de Gu= man, Atty. -
- - ' Doming lo Allena, Engr. Angel Lauro, Jr. , Engr- .
'Andras 51sca, Engr. Francisco,Lf==ta, Engr.
Virg a calmana, Engr. Matias Arreola and Dr.
. . Salvader Roxas Gonzalas. .
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its =ssolution of June 23, 1979 the -
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en=ra#ssion gave the participants who had entarmd ,
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regul appearances five (5) days from June 23,. -
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1979 within which to submit their respective - n positi'on papers ccntaining the answers to the . I que'sti'ons listed in I.e.tter of Instzuctions No. -
;*
876, s,erving copies thereof to the other part.1-l
- cipants. In turn, the particip4.uts upon whom ,
I ' the pcsition pape=s had been served, were directed to film adverse position papers within five (5) . ~ '
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days from' receipt, likewise cen*aining their
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. respective ansvers to the s size htions.
I . he participa'ats who suhaitted position I papers were then grouped into paria'is, thus: restinghouse Panal 3 -
- Mr. Jamais"r Cronin, I
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.Mr. Walter W11gus .
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t k Mr. James S. Moore i Mr. Cars 1d R. Carrroll ** . l Mr. James C. h'oeber
.4 r. John D. Hankowe)cy Mr. Daniel W. Call .
Mr. Raynond J. Saro . Mr. Willian Mcward A.wid, - Mr. Aurs A. Si==cns . Mr. David Yorg .<-
- Rational Power Corporation. Panel:
- Mr. Gabriel Itchen ..
j . Atty. Marcelino 'Ilmo ", - *
- Mr. Elgino Ibarra -
Mr'. Josue Polintan -
- Mr. Jose Torres ,
l Philippine Atoatic Energy 'C'c=idissicn Panel: 1
- Dr.* oilo Bartolome
- Dr. Carlito Alata Atty. Gumersindo Maniquiz
- Kr. 3:nesto Medis Mr. Ed11berto Cabalfin' ;
- Dr. Charles Willis' f '
' Comruission on Volcanology panel: .
Dr. Gregorio Andal , t
' Burasu of Mines Panels ,
Dr. Pcuneo Luis
' Mr. Cscar Crispin- 'l Ministry of Health Panels
- Former Minister Clementa Ca**attan
; Dra. Celia T. Anatalic Miss Agnetto Peralta
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"23ASC08 Panel: .
Mr. Nor=an Tilford . . Mr. James G11more - Mr. Charles Healy **
- I Mr. O*Donell iis Mr. John Holly -
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.- Mr. Indra Gupta
- Mr. Garry Stirewalt " , ,_
. " PAG-ASA* Panel ,. ,
Mr. Teodoro Macalineag . Mr. Rolari.o valenzuela .
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TJdiada Panal:
- Atty. Lorenzo TaHada ,
Atty. Joker Arroyo
- Acty. Francisco Rodrigo' Mr. Achilles del callar
- Mr. Carlito Barril ,
'~ 3ataan I3P Chapter Paneli ' Atty. Jai:na Guerrero .. Atty. Wilfredo Di=ca , , Nftional Society for'snf E logy
- and Earthquake Engineering of. -
tie Philippines (
- NS*m"). Panel: -
Engr. Angel Lazaro, Jr. Engr. Andram Ht=en .: Sc:sahang Pinika ng Pilihinaa. Panel: Dr. Saivador Roxas Gonzales t
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While the office of the .Nartfonal Science Developsnent Board did not suh=rit any position - I paper,IAtty. Lilian Angeles and'Mr. Marcial
. Diamants,underwr1ttenauthorithofMr.
t ' Segundo V. Roxas, Officer-in-Charge, acd.vely participated in behalf of NSDR ~ ' I . The Commission met in session.s beginning .
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June 23, 1379. The. hearings G ~=f.ed on se p ember 14, 1979. . F.1xty-four (64) witnesses testified befora the c i ission, namely Jose C. Torres, James Moore, Raymond Sero, Gerard ' Carroll, Walter W11gus, D= a 41 call, Will4a= Howard Jb:..old, Alfredo Orquia, James Noeber, Tomas Dilig, ' Antonio Cald= bas, Charles ,
- I smaney', David Ferg, 31gino Ibarra, .::oilo Barto1 cme, -
l . - Fr. Romeo Mangatan, Conrado Lisanen, Aura Siwnn, , i Nor: nan Tilford, James Gilmore, Charles Femly, Josue f Polintan, Tristan Calasanz, Francisco Ga11=sa, l .
- Gabriel Itchon, Atty. Cristobal, Carl.its Alata, ~
I Charles g Willis, Atty. Gumersindo Maniquis, Ralph . 31ancof John Healey, Reynaldo de Dies, Edv.ard G' , t Denne11, Ed11berto Cabalfin, Ernesto Mejia, Cregorio a. Andal, 'Tecdoro Maca11ncag, Roland Valen=uela, Oscar . Crispin, Romeo Luis, Ministar C1&mante Gatsraitan', i Dr. Celia T. Anatalio, Agnetta'Peralta, David Leeds, Ingr. Andres Simen, Indra Gupta, Salvader Rcocas Clonzales, Jaime cuerrero, Sch1Iles del Callar, 2:= ecto Sonido, Carlito Sar:11, Atty. Jokar Ar..cyo, i Atty, Lorenzo Tanada, 011mpio Peda, Atty. .Marcelino
- Ilao, fxturo Alcara=, Regelio Datuin, Ricardo Pala-brica, James Cronin, Jchn D. Hankowsky, Gerry -
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Sti=awalt, and Atty. Wilfredo DL::en. -
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Voluminous documents and'**vh nits'wero pre-sented by the participanes as follows: . . Winstinghouse International Projects company 23 exhAbits with deveral sub-eshihits. N<ttional Pocar Corpcratii:ht. as licensee, and
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its consultant, 23ASCO 73 - 9dhits with several - i sub-*vMbi ts. . P lippine Atcmic Energy e~==9sion: 16 main i exhibit,s with several sub-exhibits! The Ministry of Health: 5 exhibita with C - several sub-exhibits.
':'? e Bureau of Mines: 14 zEs1 ,chihits with
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several sub-exhibits. .- Th e *NSSIIP* pansl: S av%Ik NE with savoral sub-ex41 bits. -
- Thle Batsan I2P chapter: 25 exhibits and several -
1 sub-exhibits. . Thle Ta5ada Panel:92 exhih15St .with as suury sub-exhibfts. - Be> ides these exhibits snhref eted by the . . .
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partici ants, 14 additional documents werc marked and dancminated as "i spection avh 4 kits. "
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. At; the close of the hearings on September 14,
. 1979, t:he C*maion gave the partia.2/ participants i
a peri :xt of 30 days, to expird ca . October 15, 1979,
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within which to file si=u.Ltanaeus. memoranda, and
. up to October 25, 1979 within which to file reply- .
memoranda. ,
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?<o world-renowned seismoregical and geophysical -- -
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expertj scientists came to the Philippines to assist
. and cou!nsel the Cc 'saica en Nuclear Reac or Plants .
in the technical evaluation of the a k' hits, testi- * ,. monies , evidences, records and matarials gathered v - by the Commission during its hearings, namely,
.Dr. Cinna. I.omni.t=, . head. ~of the. Geephyst.cs Inatia tute of the . National Univ.ers.i..ty of Ne.5cico, and
._.Dr . Jesse Carl.- Stapp of Les Angeles, California, 7
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Dr. Stttpp arrived en October 20, 1979 followed by - I ~
. Dr. Imit: en October 22> 19.79. Both left the Philippines on November 1, 19.79. Dur1ng that Period, they participated in a. series of consulta-tive meetings with the Ccmission and conducted
- aa ocul ar inspection at tha B=*== plant atta on -
octobez 27, 1979. 'Cn October 31, 1979, they ren-dared pair respective written reports. . I Pete a better perspective, we have divided . . l
- the ninie (9) concerns posed by the' President in f* * .
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Latter of Instruction No. 876 f.sto,two parts, . namely: , I. the nuclear plant co w 47.1on safety
. design question (Quastions 1 to. 4, ~ 8 and 9) , . .
and - - . II. the safety of the sita f,Cuestions 5, ,
. 6 and 7 f. .
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. II. THE BATAAN NUCL31R PC*dE2 PN .
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. ~ . A. E ASIC BACKGNUND IN70PMATICS' -
' The Philippine Nuclear Power Plant (PNPP=1)
. v undarscing ccastruction at Napot . Point, Muni-
...<=. . .i.. .
- i e cipal.1,ty of L %, Province of Sataan and a
j scheditled for operation in 1982, is a two-loop , I
- Pressttri=ed Water Reactor System of Westinghouse 1
- International Projects Company (WIPCC), suppliar, ,
I l i designer and =anufacturer. It wocid prov1de , t ateam to power a turbine generator with a not
. *1 cal output of 620,000 kilowatta., Full' .
I elec'1 construction ;k:. sit was granted My the Phil-
; ,
Eppbel 55:$E e Enere2[ CEsskon to the htational' -
}. .
j Power Corporation (NP ) , applicant'.and proposed
! licensee of the one-unit nuclear reactor plant - .i i
only oln April . . _4, 1_979, about. seven .(7) days . "
._.fter the "Th.ree-Mile .I.s.MA I. .n.t-Wat.
. . , , , .. " The
. Westinghouse P:essurt=ed Watar. har-tor (PWR) is
- l a standard design and all types, be they of the three; loop or four-locp kind, haye allegedly
. the same safeguard systa=s. Tha.only differenca lies [n the capacity or not elect =1 cal cutput, which s"71y means - the more tha loops, the I
greater the generating capacity. , . . c
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. Ne now essay a description, ever so brief1 , of tha' fundamental operation of the questian of safety of the plant. The reactor ,
I coolant system for the PNpP-1 conslists of a reactor and two closed reactor..' coolant loops
* l connected in parallel arrangementto the re- ;
;v actor vessel, the plant's fur - each Icop -
-- having a reactor coolant pump ar(,stsam gene .-
~
rator. 'Bigh pressure watar M Idhtes through ,
' the reactor core to remove heati generated by
- the nul clear fission process. The. heated vatar .
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exits frem the reactor vessel and passaa
', throug
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L the coolant loop piping bs the staam . geners-:. ors. Hars it gives up its heat to the , feedwaver to generata stamm for the t u ha genera 1::or. Af F.a= the staa:n antars th,e turbine, : j
.it is condensed into feedwater ,and pt=rpad back ,
to the steam generator to repeat its heat transfer cycle. , The condensor is .a large heat *
- exchangler that derives _1ts coolant frca a ence-through flow of seawater providad* by the cir-culatirig water system. (Whf hit C = Westinghouse) . '
Dt=1=g normal operation of the nuclear I power reactor, about 160,000 gall of seawater i . . . .
.per minute would be pumped in to -p ide cooling water to the condensers whicN al='imderneath the turbine . the water circulatas and discharges *
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again to the sea, this td:se 12 to .15 degrees , , centigrada above normal temperatur'e. , A large cylindrical structure known as
. the con *M-mt building surro~ i2dAthe u con ~
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4 a.1ssue And a ~ 1- -
=rm vastan. aarv-as as biological shield." This bu11 dins houses the reactor, staam generators and other ma-jor -
.v ,,nc nts. Its walls are 1.49 :neters th.ick .
and hea vily enforced with enough steel to - produce a 6 =:s har 12,500 k11c=eters long. The contain:sent buildisq is 52 :neters high, frc:a e ground level, 30 matars in diamatar and con-t . nected with and supported by a concrets found- .. g ation =et up to 18 meters below ghuud, level. . The contaf'2msnt building is daisigned to, - t be airtight. ,No amplosion is allegedly possible, I as hydr l ogen by itself, without oxygen, does .wt
, explode . To cbtain a pessible ignition, hy- .
drogen level in the containment build.ing should reach 4 to 8 per cent, and oxygen present should be of appre"== te level (p. 13', t.s.n. , June 25, . 1979 a. a.) . Moreover uraniu:s 2.35, generally used in thermal reactor plants is not =uffi-ciently enriched to create nuclec explosion , like a bcmb (p. 13, t.s., June 25, 1979 a.m.). , But the ecmponent jarts of the plan.t, the re- . y actor 1.tself, could be bicwn up by a strong
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stesa explosion (p. 1,' t.s.n., June 25, ,1979, 11:10 a.m.) . ,
'Nhe' contain==at vessel, on tha. _other hand, is a steel pressuis vessel '38 usi 'thick. de- .
signed and constructed to centsin,' any radio-active discharge during nor=al operstion and to mairtsin its integrity and function during . and af ter any postulated accident."
- Ad: acent to the containment building is the ae4'fary building complex consisting of n
the "c ntrol building which serves am the nerve ' ~ cantar of the entira facility, tha diesel gene- . . i zator in4 w mg M :provides<ame=gency electri-1 I ca.1 power in the event of Icas of normal power supply the fuel storage building -fc= the sto-a . l e rage of new and spent fuel, ther inte M fata g t - - .
~ , t These l buildi.wir and the aux 311ary building."
buMMalgs are being built of heavily rah #cread i .
! concre- um similar in design to the containment
+ bailding and would_be supposedly provided with - - . ....-
l amergency safeguard systems and_ auxiliary
-. - - _ . . ._ . - - , equip-
. ment. he addition of a high cooling tower - - -to
~ ~
the 3a :aan .Nuc1e'ar~ - -...-..;,,,. Plant'is alleged to be a major < support in case of emergency, as this t
. ._ g ... ... .. ,.
i would assure supply of essential cooling wated e ,' n.1 4 .
. ay.". . e . ., .
- e . .
C - to the pr1 ary safety-related facilli:y c=...--
~
ponent;s. The needed water would .come fress 13 -
.3 deep wl alls within the nuclear ,ww und ccaplex.
~
All structures in the plant are designed to withstand the hori= ental accelerstion of 0.4 - times t:he force of gravity or 7.5'intansity ~ Ah the Richter scale (pp. 11-12, t.s.n., June 25, 1979 a.m.) A housing area fc= workers and
- nuclear technicians was constructed in Sagac, ,
Bataan , about seventeen (17) kile:seters frca . the nuclear plant sita. ,,' . During the progress of co ' ' ' ^ #o'n of C . i the containment building, h_cneycebs on Block t 1_2 we.r,el fir.st _noted. when the for= work was .re-move.d, and~the ref.nforcing
. ~ _
bars were seen shew-
! ing portiona of t!.a surface of.the ccncrota
~. ... - _
; .. . .
. not fuT,1y ecvered as they should he. The dis-covery was reported in tho Inspectors' Repo.. -
of Janua..y 31, 1978. Block'12 is a reinforced
' concrete cylindrical vall, l'.49. meters thick, .
- * .
. *3.69 matters high with an out=.ide Af =~ter of
- . .
36.88 meters. It is the second to the last - block }.o be poured before the reactcr shield I builms is erected on tcp of the foundation (p. 7SC , Vol. !!!, Rec. ) . The boneyecmbs '
.s ' - . u.
- 6. - "
( . . IIA - 5 .- .
. ,. g, .'.
. . . . .;
were 1!aund *at the interior face of the wall and not at the exterior face" (p. 695, vol. II, Rec.; p. 11, t.s.n.; August 30, 1979, 8:40 a.m., Wh f N t 66-NPC). , h [..
' ~
Tt e existence o'f the honeyecab in Block 12 does tot appear to have been officially re-i._..
. ported or disclosed by NPC to.tha. P.h114ppine ,
. Atmaic Energy Comunission '(7AEC) ,. and when ,the ,
atten*"an of the regulatory body was called
. _ . . _ . . . ~ _
g . . . . . . _ .
. . af tar :an.. audit by its regulatory staff cn PNPS-1, West 1sghouse. had already scheduled the " grouting of the bot *--head of the s teel con ** * ="t, which vould._essent.ially cover ther honeycomIs.
so neti:ne in January 1979, a rough eva-l luatic::: report of the 'Concreta Repair Proca-dure for Block 12' was prepared by P. C. L.1u of EBASCO Services Corporation (WH'1 bit 13-C, Bataan ISP Panal). Prem a visual.'1nspectica, , , the nn-lor or extensive void ,or honeyecmb areas .' I were at the interior phase of 'tha wall and the I defectd.ve areas were estimated'to cover . T I approx:.mataly#30FM%5s'intertor surface in
; , . 1 the loger half =cr.e of the wal.L of. 31cck 12.
The ved ds cau. sed by air entrapment were ex-I . tensive . The deepest were found 't:c extend approximately 6 to S inches behind the first . (, , l . .
- .' IIA ,6 - '
i . .. , . .
i-~ . . L- , . layer of the ver.tical reinforcement but thera
- was no expcauraofsecondlayebofvertical re-ban . Core samples wara + ^aw .at Block 12.
By order of the Philippine Atcmic Energy , Ccamisa ion, NPC was ordered to desist frca . .
.r . . . . . .. . ' ,.' , , .
Jagrouthg. the,.bo,Q.hed of the-metal : contain- .
.? .
mant ard pouring concreta. theroed untti app 11-
~
cant shall have submitted preefs sa+ d-facto.mf to PAEC, that internal volds do not exist with- , in slo 12 of the reactor concre'ta shield and . thereby :r.aintais the structural integrity of - I the reactor building. Applicant was enjoined to submlit plans for corrective action for the . C=mmission's evaluation and approval beforo -
..y actual corrective work is undertaken (Ex-hibit 1 3-D, Bataan '.37). . .
The Philippine Atomic Energy <* - 4aston was the 1 officially inferr.ed by NPC of the needed liepair of Block 12 and of the dry pack-
. ' 'ing to be used in tha'31ock 12 repd r. The.~.
.p r, ocedura for repair and..' .the re.pa...i..r i.tself were re erred to. .experts an.d later.appro.v.ed
".by PAEC on June 4,1979, af ter itz ; inspectors had visited the completa activity bd submitted I
their r9 ports (p. 16, t.s.n., Acqu5t 30, 1979, 9 : 30 a.ml .) . . C ..... .. . .
*,..u,.
.s. .M.b . . *
^ J: ;TA - 7
. ;
/~ . ~- . . . At the hearings before this ccaniss16n,
' the Sataan/ISP Chaptar Pane
'c'I= M that the
.repaiz of the extaasive and major internal ,, .
voids and honeycombs in 31oc_kJ2 !appe.ar_to_ -
~ ~ ~
be unprc,._ Manted in the field of nuclear -- re- --
. . . . = --
actor - building c.onstruction because. the pro-cedura s failed .to cite any USNRC Cr PAEC ru.le . or regulation as, guide in the evaluation and . repair of said damage. McVever, the procedura, _ cutlined above under the supervision s.nd orders -
~ -
frem tse Philippine regulatory ecemission a.s
~ g _ ._. - - - - ~
supported by the exhibits (M#%1ts 13-3 to
- 13-E, . 5ataan/*3P; Exhibits 68 to 69 and rami- ,
fications) have not been successfully contra-- - dicted .- The Bataan/ISP Chapter la==nted that PAEC
- ade : :> 1cr*!.ar i=:;drias as :: 2.e a w a1 susa or can ses in the damage of aleck 12; and t.ht .
no expLanatdon about the cause or cauces of such a:ctensive~ and major intar=al'. voids and honeyec=bs were offered or disclosed by NPC
, when tQe reactor building appears to be the -
most safety-sens'itive structure in the Bata.2n Nuclear l Plant. Oppositors alleged.. t.ht e: sternal . I factors such as the seapage of wat.er into the I:UL - 8 .
'.2 .
, hardening concreta f:cm 'ari uiwvyd sprong unde.mine the foundation of the building as .
well na affect the stability of the soil on which
.the building meats.*~ Ezeept for hearsay inforsa .. w 1
~
tion fra:a workers on the ex1 stance of the supposed --
~
spring, the Sataan/T3P Panel f=f'M to introduca
. competent L evidence on the point (4.:. 2, __ _ . . .-
t.s.n., .
, Augusd,30, 1979, 9:20 a.m.).
. - ~ .
~
...y.. . .
. .. . t. . . .,
- O
- g .
! *s .% . .
~
. .. . ;. , ;&.;- - .- . .
e *
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.
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. ...,.;..... .
s t B. Oc2STTOM NO. It - W9.T SPECIPrc SAFEOtIAES, IF ANY,1 HAS BEZN TJUCZN AGAINST REPT"ITICN IN THE BA'M" NUr v -' M PC.frR PLANT CF. THE. TE-- MILE ISI.AND NUCLEAR II;CIrENT W.'.,IC3 OCCURRED
- IN PENNSYLVANI.A, U.S.A. ON MAltC3 23, 19797
. THE TERE 2-MILE ISLtW NUM.'39.
INCIrEhT .
. The subject tru.ident happened at Three- ,
Mile Is;and. Unis : of Babcock and wilecx Re= I actors on Ma.rch 22, 1979 in Harrisburg, Pens- - sylvania, U.0.A. , a few months af ter ialtial cperation. The cause was attf buted pr1=arily tea (1.) 'operater er==r, and (2') malfunE. tion and ambiguity of certain c=mponents. - -
- j r ... . . . }. . . . .
As tb No. 1, the operators turned off pre- .
- naturely four (4) large pu=ps which'circulata '
the reac a ecolant in the roactur3' M acticn
- damaged <:he nuclear fuel which had formed a sub- j stantial quantity of hydrogen gas. Furthe=more, .
. the cperators prematurely ta$:ninetad the h.igh .
. ;
. Pressure injection flow apparently ccafused by . , -
the pressuriser level indication. This led to
'j .
I further reduction in prd$.ary coolant inventory. 5 Ae to No. 2, the malfune-tion in the e . feedwater*. system caused the pu$ pin to trip which, e
. gg V *.
- m ._ g . .
. . .,,' d *. .e
% ;e
.
- 0 y
., .-[ .
, , ., ph .d. ..,'::
, in turn, cassed the ~turhise genaistior to turn ,
~
of1' anct stop generating electric 1'ty. The flow of the vatar va5 blocked by a clemed pressurizar
- ;
electrematic relief valve. ' This valve cpened asdes*Jgned, but failed to close again when - I prese e decreased belcw actuatica. level. The core r%= age had foz:med a substantial quantity of hyd:cl ogen. gas. Efforts ware made 'to step the . ine-4ttent gaseous releases by transfering the - i radioactive water into tha prima::y conta #"e="t'
- I
- bu11 ding - and which water flooded.the. floor of I
this contad.nment structure. Radicactive watar .
' was transferred to the nearby =v41
- m build- .-
l . . _ ing, and radioact1ve gases escaped.. In the two s
. . . , e....
.bu11 # ' s and into the at=caphare. - For a time i
i
.. p 7 ,.
NRC reportad release of radioact.1vity to a level of 1200 rem above the reactor site. - tip be the close of the hearings befera t.m . , - 4 '. Ccamiss on on September 14, 1979, or.169 days ,' . : e
.' s .~
after the inWant, no evidence was presentad - . that thik damage to the plant at T'Lm. . e-Mile Island a been rapa. ired. Reports 'frcas. the .
~ ~
senata suelaar Requiation sub-Cca:sittee mantica to repair".d.mak.which h5.ndars clean up
~
a hard , , .. . . ; ,
- g
' .7.;.,.;. -2 s.
. .. E .
~
m.2 -
- 4. -. ae t .
3
- . . e. - .
t . e
- s. , , .
. ~ rp , . .
operations and thraatans further,;ralease of r=A*^=ctive wastas. One million, ga.ticas of ,
. I
\ .
highlp radicactive vatar are ncy stored at the site at TMI. Centaminatad watar Ifrca the d==ged _ _ 4, -.
. . P.lant
.11 ex.c..e.ed._s..t_orage faci.l.it:y .,and. . capacity
.withir 40.dags and. be.Isleased_i.nto .the environ- -
. ment. , , _
tnlans_ steps _ , . - - ar.e taken .soen_.to c.l..e..a. _n. i.t up - . .-..
-. and to find additional means to stere it (Daily
......_t . ... _ - _ _
t Express, September 30, 1979 frca Washington, .. . U.S.A. ). ,
. . .i: .
SAFECUARDS "AKZ3 ACAINST REP 2J.riCN IN THE f.ATAAN NUCL3AR PI AI.T OF THE THR.EE-MII.2 IS-ED r. CIDerr In
-- i. ts_,, position papar, Westinghouse ci.a1=m that h "short..ta=m" .modifica. tic =s. . covering sa.fe r
~ . . _ . .. -- .
guards
--
- x x x had already .... .. been - .. inco..rpo.ntad into... .
the. Pte, ? -I design.'._m.ren before th.e occurrence of the TMI incident (p. 155, Vol. I 5tec.) - We f4nd
; __ . . . . . .
it.b. are. to believe ... that Wes+ NA..m. s.e.ha.d.. ~long
- g. .
anticipated the..d.efi.ciencies at. the ,, TM'I plant, pa ..rticularly in thosa components that wel fune - - .. ._ 23, 1979 incident. -
.tienedlontheMarch . . ._.. .. -_ .
The Task Force of USNRC reported among others, - - r that: . . f,*;$' . t'.. -
*z x x. Nt Three-Mile Illand,
- seme of the safety svstems vers w .
., I23 .3 - -
L ;.,. . . .
- 8
~.
challenced to a creatar e:stant er kn 6a diff erent mat:.ner uns.n was antL= ci ated in tamir caalgn casts Many of the events that occurred were - kn to be possible, but vers not . previonalv Sudced to be surriciently probacle tc :=cuira censicaration on the desian ' asis. ocerster esrcr, extensive core camace, ana.orecuction of 61arce cuantsey of hycroce.n trem the . reaction of 21res.llev clsesine anc steam were foreseen as cessible events, bue were exclucec frem tne cessen basis, since olant safsti =c.sm es - - vere provicen to crevent suca occur- . rences." (71 rat Report, p. 10, Exa. 74--Tanada, attached to Mcmorandu:n for Bataan ISP Panel). . . 4 It ,would be o.v.er. ly c_andid_and..._ stretching tha
.3 r' imag1:ud. tion t.o..o_fa.r to believe that the nuclear L
- enginee{rs of Westingher*e_ had Sessis".able anti to .
. \ .. .
.. afpata *1* such ~Ww==ar== 'th3t- hTz6eened at M .
and inclo rporate the mechanisms to remedy the then
- unfores'een deficiW' a cfsi In the Amnion of the .
. ~ . _ . .: 2 :.-- .. .
PNP P-1. l, ,l';, , Witb respect to "[o, . tar:m" W 4 "Ica,tions or .
.. l .
actions: on design modification, all Wastinghouse . would aad could say is that thczer .eaM by ,
~
~
the U.Sr Adviso:y Cocnission on Reactor Safoguard l (ACRS) and the U.S. National. Regulatory r"-f *sion - (USNRC)' ,are not ident111,ed as . reactor _safegual-ds. We directed Westinghouse to subnit in colu=nar
' form the remota causes, the proximate causes of ,
C ..
. u3 - A . . - .. .
s . 4 .L
.;
a 1 -
. the T:C. incidant, tho . _g term w *"icatione '
and the additional safeguards. .. West.inghouse ccmpi. Led by' submitting Docu::hant.No.14-R-1 and - 14-B-;t which obviously shcw ?mdas the eclumn l ..
- Modification," the phrase di rone- - ,*1dentifded -
at
--- - l-present t.ime.' -.
Similarly, under 'the column .
" Add 1M = =1 Safegua=ds, . . -
if Any,#:the- . . answer .
- _ . . . . . ~ . . . . _
- nostly given is "Nene idan.64 di..e..d A._t Prasant Time." mut hew couls these'long'.te=m w **ica- . .
tions be unidantiftsd when they refer to ":nors . fundamental questions in the des,1,gn and opera-tien cf nuclear pcwer and in th's licensing . s_ . . l
. Process" and, grouped 1o64, generni safety -
crite a, system design .6ame'nts, nuclea= l .- power lant operations, and nuclear power plant ..' licens,i1ng (p. 16, First Repos.t of :2C-2 Lassens . . '-
* ~
7enzned Task Force, Exhibit 74-Tafada)? Even , in the USNRC report to Congress pchlished
' t January 1979, "savanteen (17) unresc1ved Safety Issues, L addressed by 22 tasks .in the NRC pro-I grc:a vero identified (p. 2, Exh. 90-Ta5ada) . ,
n . some of the unresolved safety issues relate to I
. the pressurteed water % actor _ stema senerator _
I tube integrity (A-3, . A-4,. A-5) ; reactor vessel material toughness, fracture, toughness of , f . v ..-
. II3 ,S e e
- c = : .
. . a...-. :a. . .
r- - ^
. .. .. ,ggl.>y .
(*
. . m.
stanza q-e and zaector: mNe pu=p aueocrts * - g . (A-123, seismic design criteria (A-4.0 ) , etc. A few days lata =, Westinghouse subszittad another docu:nent (Doc unant No. l'4-B-1 and 14-C-1, l s-pp.162-D . to 162-J, Vol.1, Rec'b, but still . , f ' ' ap~ - -*ng under the column "1cag taz:n and short . t.aza =Md *1 cations" is the usual answex given . beforel "none identified at present time.' -
- Under {the column "Additienal Safeguards If any,* c
~_ . . .- .. .
it is _ _ _ _ . no..t clear to..the t'r ==d_ssion$ .- nor..did, Westin house-- explain - whether the answern -- -- given ara ,ad_dttional safeguards, or safeguards { _ alrea exi.. ting in t.he design cf..P5PP-1.
.._ . ~ -
Apparently,_Wastinghouse has. zhs_t ; provided i or does not. plan to include _any add.itional safe-guards because in its finished design all it can assure this Ccamissica 'is that., if required cr. deerned .' nocessary by the USNRC ' or .the _Philippi.ne ' .
. 3. - _
Atc:mic Energy Ccadiss:l,cn, it would. incorporata any adcLitional safeguards so required,
~ - .
wasting-house Jd.leges, that, any 2cdification_in their present design would be "out of the state of the . art" o beyond the limits of erasent day *achno-
. . . . _ p logyr that the discovery of the . latest safety device !should ccme fr::n other so'u=ces, not frem e ;-
- s. .
. j . . .
. II3 - 6 .
e . .. *
. . . au.m . . . .
. s 3- . .
L_ .
. . '? -
.j
? . . . - .:. . . .
Westinghansa_. tSus, Ja:ses Moors, 'Westi.p.use , _ genera $ :nanager on' Nuclear Power Divis1M con-
. t ,
firmed that Westinghouse would install the latest safety devices that nay be . discovered - seven after the signing of the cost =act with the .
--- - c. .. .
National Power Corporation of the Philippines ' I ' for the Bataan Nuclear Power Plans-(pp. S S** S 9 , i .
. t. s . n. , June 23, 1979, p.m.) . ,'..
. Ecv unknowing, unconcerned,Ior unswaro -
4 . West 1nghouse can be on what are and what
- nay ha the nature of the. additional, safeguards, .is .. ,
indicated in its sweeping yet cateocrical
= =--- - I -
assumption .of .llability and warranry for the safetyEcf the pisnt, and is well hnst=ated - - i ,, . by the ' ollowing portions of the thsti:nony of .. . .
. Mr. Aur.a g
A. S.i =.nons, Vice-President of fiesting house International Projects C~-eany: ,
. 'MR. TA9ADA. Without kncwing thel ncture of the safeguards to be .
reqjuired, you are cer=:Lita d g Weshtney= house into the incorporation of these .
. safieguards to the Bataan Nucisar -
Plant? -
- MR, SIMMONS. For those safa--
guards that may be premulgated as a
- raa' u lt of the Three-Mile Island, ih
- nadh a sustament that Westinghousa ~
will provide those. . . . MR. TASADA. Without at present kneving the natu: s and kind of, those
- saf'equards? .
L . g . *
. . M ..
.... . IIB - 7. .a
C- .
. ; -
MR. SIMMCSS., Tes, sir., M1t. TAftADA. suppose the additional . safegubras to be requ. ired would need a radit:a1 change of your. plant itself, . would you still introduce.those safe- . guards? .
% SIMMONS. I Yes, believe that.that sir.
vaa tha statamant. , MR , tat.ADA: Now suppose the cost of tha a safeguard to be required would be around $50 million, would you in-corperate that? . . MR, SUO!CNS. I =ust answer it, . . yes, 1$ it tcok that much to =ake the Bataani Huclear Plant sada. MR T.1L1*ADA.
, Thank. you. And at whose expense would that introduction of thcae safegua.Ms be?
MR ; S7MtCNS*/EIn all probability,
- most .cf that expense would be to Westing-
- house pecount ,:: cst if not _a13 *," (pp. 2-3, t.s,n., July 9, 1979, 2T30 p.m.). .
i Ts CsA:ssAN. what you are tEying .. to asyiis, if by the time beeween now ,' , and 1943 there shculd be additional ~ safe 07! requirements that will 'be_ra- ,
- quired:by the NRC, Westinghcuse would ~'
Install them in Sataan? '
. - . . . .. .'~~
MR o SIMMCNS. Yes_, si.r. MR, CHAIW.AN. You are undertaking , that as your responsibility?
- MRo SDOCHS. Part of our responsi-
- b111ty, yes, sir." (pp. 2-3, t.s.n.,
. July 6, 1979, 8:15 a.m.). - -
. m.y q . .:'
Mr, Simmons in his own words admittad that".
*the Sataan Nuclear Plant is not a new design"; , .
- 4 s .
N. - ~ . II3 - S
. , , s.
. -M t *-
i . . .; . . . . ,5 ,*,
. . ;
t ( L
~
, that * ,t is an existing das,ign c='back fitted -
-into the system design which'if neces,sa=y they -
I wi.u be back fitted into the Batsan Nuclear 1 Plant 21 x x" (p. 8, t.s.n. , Culy 9, 1979,
?* .
2:30 p.m.). . _ .v. - . . Mr St e mn has ef tted Wes+<Wuse with respect to the future requirements of trDIRC and Acas arm to answer for the necessary ad-just:ments on the lant for sabaty including. h ances due to its , ernonstrated failure on qu2d.ity assuranes . . I . of ec.Sonents used. , . I. "THE CHAIRMAN. Should azperts of b the same qualifications as your good- . self 1ccX at the two systezas and, f.ind cairtain saf t ty =aasures in Kori '5, 6, - '- 7 8 are added measures, would you , b willing to install the:a in; the - . Ba.taan plant? .
' ;
MR. SDDICES. Yes, sir. , Now, lik55dae, M2. ' CSA.I3 MAN. as . a scientist you have an open sind .and * ~ it'is said that the more you know, the more humble a man beccmes. And. you are ' ochn to the mssibility that what vcu
~
say may not always be che uit.1=.ats trtsth. .. .
, opening our minds to.that con +d'- -
gency, if in your dissertatica. that al the possible consequences that you ". do not expect =ay arise or there are g.7.,unda to show that they would arf se
, and there are-wafety measures , that are .
proven to exist, would you. be;w41' 4 "g tol .make these adjustments 7 . O _s- ,
. s .
G ,
* ~
. g . : .
, II3 - ) .
i
. 3 . . . h .: . . .
- ;;
3{ .
.I ~
C . sr2 * . + - .. JGL. S2:3tc Es, Z ' vill apAak for. my
. crsupany and the answer is.yes, sir. .
TEE C3AIEMAN. New, would that ba a part of your under** W in connection with this plant? - MR. SDot0NS. Yes , sir. * '(pp. 4-5, t a.n. , July 6, 1979 ; S:15 a~m.: also - p ' 3, t.s.n. , July 6, 1979 r y, 9, t.s.n. , J .ly 9, 13 79, 2 : 3 0 p.m. ) . ..' N - .
... s. .
~
Once againe Mr. SL: mons far frex sattsfyLug i the ccanissica by presenting c.W.la prcofs or l additictial'safeguseds, under his oath just made , anothe=Iexpress warranty as ahewn by t.he. follow- ,
, ._..y,.,. '
ingr. C- . . .
. "JUSTICS EAUSTISTA. Now, with respect '
to these puraps that would be used at the ' Bat:aan Nullen: Plant, is i't alraady da- , I~ signed and existing as of the presenc , Lias? . MR. SIM MNS. Yes, air. 'All the' -
, pumps are exsetly the sana in all of ,
the plants. . . JUSTIC:: 3ACTISTA. Of what vintsge ary these pumps 1:hst woul.1 be,, brought here? 04 what year?
. MR. SDe*CNS. They are in,manufac- . -
turing now. I belleve that.. tia shipping
- date from the United States sculd pro-haSly be Noverabar or Decembe.r 1979.
JUSTICZ 3AI??!STA. Ware these pumps . Ine luded in those : anufactured in 19762 . -
. ;. . . . .
MR. SIMNCalS. They ar's like the , pu=zps that vera ~anufactured in 1976. . Yad, sir. , r -
~
L . I 223 - 10 .
, t,i. l- .'
.i:L: -
L-fyQ~Q-:.D. . _ . Ut:373r. . ds--m... I;hav,e read articlas-+ + M zulatad that Westing-
.hbuse pu:rps! that vara beir.g'. sold to -
Skeden la that year,1976, wara re-
$cted because of lack of quality.
, . Cun you say anythf my to that?
3Gt. SIMMONS. Yes, str[$ ME*.* Justica. You are talking about two different sets .
.. C.! Pumps today. . . i,4 .
, 'JUSTIC3 I AUTISTA. Yes.... Mill you ci,arify?< - 5; MR. SI::*83fS. . Its have sta=5ad to talk
- during thla w Wabcut tha reacter
'st . are ufacthr==r:=L. met:.it:s acdel.. The cPW. !f5stinghouse.. . '."'..ose pu:rps
- that warm refect 3d by the Swedish State .
. 3 card we. s 22:s et.=ging pumps in wtLich .
wq provid.xbs secificaticna to. a vendor a$ bough.t. tica.. .h,_W ve~*% They . 7 are nce Woo +# , 7- .w i - = " v tured.
= .
JUSTIC MISTA. Do you mean to - say that these pu::ps that warm rejected wek.s not manufactured by your own ,com-
. pasy7 .
. MR. SIMW2is. That is t=ue. -
JUSTIC3 EAUTISTA. Ecw about the pt=np that you intand to sell for the - Bataan Nuclear Plant 1 - l MR. SIMMCES. T'as reactor cooling pu:tp for Sataan are designed and :nanu-factured by Westinghousa. ,
. JU5" ICE BAC""ISTA. These are different from those that were sold to but rejected by13weden? . ,,. .
MR.~SIM3CNS. Yes, s'ir. They ara
- ~
different pu=ps, diffarent systemas, Mr. : JusCice. . ~ *l$5',_ .~-^
,,.~. . .
JUSTICE ExUTISTA. 55 culch we 21.nd - that they ara of peer quality,:would .
. Wantinghouse replace the pu=ps? , . . t C .
m-u. - g
; , . - *
.a
. . .% SIMHCES. Wa. h.myn .a.. .synto:n beth
,Restinghouse, NPC and that.r consultanta on quality assuranca that, at any tima there is a datact f ca any matter of
, if'act with cc=penant, that has to be l remedied. And it is part. of wasting-house respons1h111ty to es:nedy that because we do va== ant worNn=Mp and
- natorialm of all equiposant. . . . .
JUSTTCZ 3AUTISTA. Thas is only in - i nccordanca with what happened in Sweden 1 there Westinghouse rep 1 ;the purmps. . MR. SIMMCNS. That is correct. and i :het is a part of the wa=ranty. JUSTICZ 3AUTISTA. ***= T yo u. ' (pp. 5-8, t.s.n., July 16, 2373, . 1:30 p.m.) , 22cm the above. admissien of.v. a.rranty, wc do
- ~.
3 s not afnd . g .. it stran.ge.why Westinghouse would new
. . . ~
insisti
~...g that the additdonal safeguag.*.a needed are already incorporated in the facility, and that . . . . . _ _ . . - - . -
the s t' ieter s + = ~h
- de-=W afte m refer r
. f t
to opehating nuciaar plants caly.. we find that . . . . . .
,I .
thealkegationisincorrect. -
; .
e Task Forca Status Report (2xh. 74- TmW_aj I expressly states that v.he zeer e=andations a== applicable to "x x x pending operating license ,
-(CL) arJd construction pe::mit (CP) applications. "
i The regort also states that:
" Actions rat-rreanded by .the L4ssons Laar=ed Task Force and affrroved by the D1:actc= of LGC .
? -
n3 12 - *' l--
. . O
. y. - .
C. . or the c'* *sion, .as appropr.iste, . will be assigned to the Divisions . of Project Management (DPM) , Systems . Safsty (DSS) , and Operating Raactors (QR) and to the 3 te O Task Force for implementation on pandine lleonse_ aisp11 cations and on eeurs nq o.i. ants.' *
"(p . 2 ) . ,
Indeed, if operatincy plants are required more exacting and more severe ca.% would ~ ~- thah -- ~
. .... . . .; , .
mean th.at the proposed design for.PMPP-1 can ~ ---- m.fford to b.e .c..ar. eless? . . At the hearings before thi.s, f**asion, the . I Westinghouse design of the antaan 5uclear Power , Plant Es attacked as inheruntly Ndak because it 3 has noE provided for additional safequ.ards, There .:,s truth in this assertion. Dr. Charles Willis, consultant of the Philipp no A emic I Energy ICc::: mission, v.'.an interpe11Nted by oppo- . sitors, ad:aitted that the re .~. 8=t_ ion con-I m tained jin No. 3 of. .tha Task Force of
. - - .USNitC on. ,
. the !c . incident has not heen included in the .
design, proposed for_PNPP-1. Thus,. Dr. Willis , ,
,i testifded: 7 l , .'
'. "ATTT. kR20TO: Your Eccer, in other words, No. 2 is not fully incor-
'pdrated in the Bataan plant */ -
DR. WTT.T.TM: The valves have not
. been designed or they have not been
, .bd11t or ordered. They wil.L he incer-pcrated in the PNFP-1 plant. It is C .
i . t ~..
, . IIS - 13
. L. . .
.. ~ . .
t
. o. .
t .. - not clear to na on the basis c2 the a m'terials suhr.ittad that.the'previcca tasting would have met this require-mlant, but I r mnt say for sure, but .
.' chrtainly, it being incorporated that the valves would be tasted according -
to the requirement and ree - nda* *n before they are installed in the Pp?P-1* (Page 11, t.s.n. August 14: .
. 1979, 8:45 a.m.) . .
. . !6I car. W.1111s apparently rad.ars 'to the crassurizar . -
to cicsa elEL.<s.atic relief valve whichck, . . S =A . during the Thren-Mile Island incident. As an additional safr, guard, an interleek . and a cen+=h- -
.). -
most tiolation signal should be devised as recem- -~
. mended to prevent the valva f= cat s' y,ing open when pressure is decreased below actuadion level or to _
_ . ~ ~~~
~~d M...u transfer vhan high radiation exists.. .. _I.n- -
other vords, it is not in Westinghouse's design . - -- - that a valve which used to remove steam be -
.. . ; . . _
locked in their correct position. - . Wo find therstore. that both Mastinghouse and TMI-2 designs do.not have au'=rmatt'c signals to
- g. . _ _ - . . . . . . . . . ,
' align valves which could be inadvertently left
. . . . . - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ .
in an fncorrect posit 1on. How;can. Westinghouse
. -. . . . . ._. _.__- .; ,
'now rightly claim that all safety ' measures re- . ,
l quired by NRC short-tar:s re--m**tions have _
.alrnady been incorporated in thad. nuclear re .
actor design even before the TxI-25' incident? 4 .* d . l II3 - 14 . , _f..,, e
. -. .4
. ..:T.A. ". l.:.: . .
.;
^ '
. i* - #
%.G ' .q}i~>. 4.2 . .*. ~
A more.datsporfcmi Maion' was made 1:sf Mr. S r-e whan interpellated by this F==4 a-
. 'sion t: hat Westinghouse _has not adopted, any adai tiona L safeguards, thus:' .
.[
" JUSTICE VASQUES. So you ara Just drawing a conclusion, .there was
- 13o specific finding that. if.certain ,
. 1safegua.%.m uken the' TEEI inci- *
~
s -
.- desan w:m 2,^W,W.W_ed. and theae arafeguarszMa W_fied and you could khew that the new designs which you have been-adopting all along, they were all incorporated there,and the..n- .
fare thera is no need of: t?*f"s these - additional safeguards? That was[not only MR. SDe!CNS. 1:he judgement of Westingbouse but it - was also the 3dg:nent at nac. JUSTICE VASQUE . I.amIgoing bac3c to uty original question. Do you have
- any decu:sent that will rsally show that the changes er the diffarences .
3 in your designs ecmply with the safe--
,trr.nrds cai3n4 for by the USERC7 ,
Ct. SDC".CNS. I believe that there . are, Your P.cnor, and we wn i look for that, try te submit thmet as docu:nents. .
. USTIC3 VASCCE3. Now,.zince you *
,gaid all of .the saf eguards. n -**sary ~
to prevent the OfI incidant. frc:2 . happening in Bataan are already built in your. design, the answer. I gather frca your position paper far the . first question is you have not adopted any additional safeguards?. . . .
. MR. SIMMCNS. That_is correct, -
sir.' (pp. 2-3, t.s.n. , July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.) . . .. .
. .=. .
As a r.atter of fact when Mr. SI= amens testif.ied I \
. . IIB - 15 -
s
,g,
; .
. t ,
. t
~
C. on shal;r 5,1379, he su:phatically clair.ed that the FWP.1...d_es,5gi'is not being. rehiewed _by the
, USNRC,and.therafcr_,e_,it could not havLrequi. red, westing house to_ retrofit or adjitst its design '.
to meeg the latest standards of.safetf. 5a . far as 1destinghouse is concerned ak,;.,acditional - safeguards would be included in. 6.4 design only upon a=s of USNRC, but not on its own initia-
~ ~ '
. .::~:~-
~
- u - -- . . . -
tive. -. t This is revealed by the following port 4cas -
, of Mr. Si= mons 8 tastiracny: ,' ." -
'JUSTIC3 BAUTISTA. Just one or tzt:
e ata"questiens
=tive analysis in addition questions to the of the s .
cc::ssission. , It is reportad that th'e' United ' Stfates Ambassador, Richard Humphy, on tSe occasion of the Fil-Anerican , andship Day, said that tha.rsason f the delay in the processing of . the export license for the equ4---at ' of} the Sataan plant is that the engi-
- neers of the proposed plant have been
. rehulred to adjust or retrofit their -
design to mest the latest standa:ds
- oflsafety which have Stewn ocre. severs and higher. My question is, conceding
. this state:nent to be correct, what
- does Westinghouse intend to do no. that it could cca: ply wit.*z these stricter, -
- nora scvare and higher a+aad-mis of '
, safety?
MR. SIMMCetS. Mr. Justic ;.I - beMeve that the Ambassadcr was m.ta ' quoted. Ecwaver, assu=1ng that he . was not misquoted, then I will say he is wrong, for the sia ple reason that the application for t.be export license for the Philippines Bataan
- M
. II3 - 16 : -
- 1.
sC
% O
x
.s .
p
....i,.-.. . .,w.
. ~~ -
. . . - " . * *~.!E Nuclear Plant is not and has not been reviewed by the NRC to this d.sy. So hcw can you have retro-fit on a licanse that has not bUen reviewed?" (p. 6, t . s .n. , *
.s . ., July 5, 1979, 3:30 p.m.).
':. .. ~ :.* * .
~
-* **' t . I-
, Dr. William Ecward Arnold,*P:sesirlent of
<... W i"
'. .t Westinthouse International, tastified that while DSNRC As responsible under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 4
~
- Act for} issuing export licenses af,ter. consultation
~~ ,g. ,
with o ar government . agencies, the,pracdae safety
- t '
reviev ,of the plant is not atatuenrily required . .
! i j *
.by the pSNRC and the design of PEPh'-l has not been * *
. approv by the U.S. Regulatory r'--4 balon (pp. S-( _
9, t.s. rs. , June 26, 1979, 1:30-2:00 p.m.). It =ay .
. . . . .- : . fairly**he concluded freas this admission that nuclear' '
. Q:
- _. ,.
, facilities expor*.ed out of the United States to .
I 1 other countries do not undea re.'the ridtd tests
- T -- -~ ~~~-- ---
1 i .
. given by CS2TRC to faci 1 ittes c=nstructed in the i U.S. I. we vers to take public notice of con-l tempera..y events reported in the. U42. press as C- T< - e ~~~
I-
- h
- t=~=M t, ted here, .it is only new that CsNac would I
( . conductisome sort:of an exas.ination.of the PNPP-1 i design. The general cla=cr has been for an over- ..
- , haul of it he design for a radical increase in the r' !
3,. . .- margin of safety. Thus, the U.S. presidentisi
-commissJ en on Three-Hile Island altar public
- hearings l reccassended f'ine'=ntal e-hanges in the
.'..~-
')
1_- . II3 - 17
, . *. - -- 7*
. . 2rg; .,.:.7 b
3 9e
- k.
vay nuclear planta are built, operated and_ . (Sulletin Today, Nv, l:,b: 1, 1979 requi . .
' citing,A.ssociated Press, Washingtion, Octobe.r .
\
31/ 1975). . W.Lth all the .achi.ssio..ns .of-.1.l=wm
. . n...-.
ty made
. ?*
under, uth, Wes*NMusa
. _ . . . . ;- in-itar -- memoranduca
. ;
Thus, . (page. 40.) ._would ocer., shirk resp'chsibility. Westinghouce noer considers the ch11gatica to '. , provido perf - w vet.ificstion of all rellef Co-9. b L. Re.c. . L 1. s..
. and safety valves am "a cc=bined industry effort , .
ratherlthan an individual vendor effort." . house .w.o._uld to Wes.t.in9
-. . . ~ also _ " .pass
_ . . _ . the.,b..u.c.k.." t HPC . stating that..once the . data-- 'N=t.i.on.s of
' av="t= 411 ties of tant facili.ti_es,and.,p=cgraza g
defiaih. ions are made, WestinghousM.will just - -
;
y "x x x advise NPC of a mathed or facilities, av f a to them for verification of the re-e t actor coolant system relief and safety valves."_
. . __..;
Tet assin, while Westinghouse does not oppose t.hs USHRC's re-ndation .that a pri- - mary coolant saturation meter be installed to provide online unambigucus indicatica at last saburstica ccnditien, however[ Westingnouse . . _ . ~ states <; bat imp 1~ntation of the suggestad.
. . j . . .
remedy should wait because '. Westinghouse ocaside=s
. d e
- l I.I3 - 18 . : .
1
- s l: ,
. G.- . *, .* .
>7d..
g - -
. , ,, ,, .;,p ; . . . . .
' ;
.x that proper operator, guidelines, using existing g_ . _. . .
w.. - . - - . . . ins *m[ tation is sutticient for** detez:xintng ' degree of sub-cooling.'- (Pa - ge__42, memorandum .
,, __ q - .
for wastinghouse). .. cm w =sfon finds frca ths.- censtantly .
. changirg positions of Westinghousin.. that it would ,
l .
. not acWe to ITsarstc's rec-rd-*'an 15 said ,
I reccmaendation would. involve a chanse in ita ,
. design. If Westinghouse would ag=ee, it passes ,
on the obligation to NPC. Was W g)cuse's revised *
. Positicn! in,.its .wnnor. .and:=a fo13Mre'e* . ..
.t- he enig - . .atic Pattern, ,,,,* x x,x _as , new des.f.gn c=1*-=-+ s ara esta- .
blished, systems wfIl be exa:nined_'Es. de+ =-< n. complialnce and rer -ndations..will' b'e made to_ MPC for their_ action" (p . ,17umescdandust. for .
. 6 - t e-EPC) . On top of all these, shoed 6. EPC de<-ide to ,
inccrporl ate any safety for operational 1:ro:c'e --- .. mene.s developed after its initial eperatics,* *
=
wastinghouse will be willing to .inatall the ,- same hub always on the basis of prevaillnq ceur- , '. marcial rates (p. 53, Wandum fo_r Westing-- . Souse).' As shown earliar, Westi=g use. r.ade . for the record, enlicit and definita anst= notions of liabi,lity when it ecses to additional safe-1
, guards even 1" these would cost as *much as_ -
350 =*14*on. These centradictory stands of . I:3 13, -I -
=%. =
s., . , . > , . . e . e .
. . . . . ;
;: *.i. .. . ..
.- .- .. r. . ,
- m. .
.- Was**mchduse l s Q~ _._... v.. g.
aet::r.3.....
.c...-
itscredibility. y cannot with certainty ans., peace of mind - I
. ~ assure the safety of Westinghouse,'s designed I
. .-- nuciaar plant. The forty-one (413 problems or N % -C +10
~
A j Gtc..ry A .-
- - 'I unrasolved safety issues sub:nitted in a report by '(.sen. ~~ EG,
.6 fd* p. IS) r.o Congress (?xhibits She. 48-A, ':'aHak Us mtc ,
u- , advers< sly affect WestU.nghouse minnfactured nuclear - plants , The appe.ndix to said .m. eport describes t_' . . some of the problems as investigated by USNRC l .+ expertA as followns. ..i] . , o
*:lirassurized water reactor s'a== '
gonarator tube integrity can be. .
' degraded by corrosion induced .
- vastage, cracking, reduction;'in
. .',".2
.~.,.. ,"*
?. vibration
.the tube diameter (danting) and induced fatigue cracks.
e primary concarn is the capa-
. b 11ty of degraded tubes to male-tain their integrity during norvuil -
. ration and undar accident condi-
,t (LCCA or a =ain steam line b sk) with adequate madety sa.rgins. -
Welstinchcuse stcazs generator..' tubes .
, b.wa sus:ered degradation dua. to w astage and stress corresten crack-
" .,5 , . ~. d.; ..,, - in . Both types of degradatioc'havu
.. *Fc-1 n naminally ar=asted, h w, degradation due to denting which inads to primary side stress cor=osion cracks is ' the major p=chle.m at present, .and thD principal focus of this technical '
activity.' (p. A - 3/1) ,. s'- ?- . *A. Licensee (3) of Westinehouse_ (w) - I.._,..'..,---
. Eublear Facil.iaies
. , . . ~. .
~
.? -
At present all W planes experiencing tube denting v1T1 he monitored for . 1 . .
"
- E *
, 1, , .
s, ~U' , Qe ]$ .
,=- L.
. -.> ~
~
- s. -
y .A . . .
. a
~
( . i .. the procrass of Anati.%. Each licensee vill s"-t t an analysia. of the ccuse-quences of tube denting on . tube inta-
,grity and demnnstrate'that adequate
- safety margins exist for continued saf e operation. The ?.2rkey Point and Surry licenseem v111 be cicaely moni-tored relative to steam generator replacement." , (p. .A tjJ/9) -
"Recent events at d.1 stone 2 Turkay 1
- Joint 3' and 4, and In U.an Point 2 and '
3 involving the offsits> mewer avstem-have providad additionaJ. indicarMG that the reliabilitr of the err.f erred rsenne of e sreencar ocwar may oe ']., lL less than what has. been expected._ A study is needed to assess casa matter.' -
* ;
(p. A-35/1) , The Turksy Point and Surry plants are Nesting- ,
. : 1ouse designed nuclear powek plants. .
The letter of A. Schwebcar, Chiaf, Operat= '
. . .s
,' . Ing Reactors Branch, Divizica <;>f Cperating Re-actors, Nuciaar Requistory r*-4 salon to Mr.
- f.
- I George T. Berry, General Manager and Chief .
l . 2ngineer, Power Authority of the State of New ,
.' Tork dated May 12, 1979 (Whibit 76, TaEad's) , ; . . .
i dis like. wise rawmling of..'. the inherent weakness
. . as to the safety of Westinghouse reactor cese.
i
', knents. In said letter of.Iwh* h is an appraisal s o r review of the licensea's]respenses to Bulletins -
i of'USHRO, the lat'ts ce==manted ' that: i
- "The Westinghouse abrice_ is *
. prescriptive cn rosettine of the C.
II3 . 21 g , 3 . ,
~ -
t . .
- . .
- . . 1
- 2 high pressure injectica systa:n and
- inecaplete as to the need for keep-isy b e reacecr, coolant'pu=ps run-
~
g, n
.. .g.
'I' x x It' is clear that' there are a significant number of t=ehMeal issues yet to be resolved for a large nn- %e ,
of Westinghouse operating plants." .
'x x x To resolve the 1.asuas described '
above in a proept and expeditious :sanner, we believe there is a m- ellino need_ to es*=hlish an cwner's aroue We expect for Wes-tinchouse coeratina ol2nes_. that such a group wou.1ds be needed for the remainder of calandar year 1379.* In the reply-=escranda of Westinghoksse, the - I at:tention of this Oc=:sissionf.1s called to the ' - i - fl et that F.x.hibi:s 76 - 39, inclusive, which have f b,een attached to the me= cran'a uza of the nataan " i i IBP Panel, were not for: sally sub:nitted, hence, - i In this s tu:ns.1d, not be given due' cenaide. ration.
.} ..~ .
r sport, we have nevertheless; taken public notice l of and used Exhibits 76, 98 N d 88-A because i ey are in the nature of public and official l 1' docu:sents. As a fact finding body, this ccm ,
. l salon would and shou.1d disregard technicalities E procedure if only to abrib at the truth.
- - It will be recalled that as early as Feb- .
I l . rtiazf 13, 1978, Daniel P. Ferd, Executive Director
; .
i l
; - of the Union of Concerned Scientists wrote Pre-sident l
Yerdinand E. Mar =ce calling the latter's . . .
-l . - .
t . . - I= a . - ,1 ... : I - ..... . r .
, ' == ,
e * .l - . . . e.
i .
. .. ;
e . (~ .
~. '
'. i . .. -
h- attantion to an independant.$ review carried out by said organizatien on. the.' design of Westing- . .. . house of the Sataan Nucisar';PotJer Plant. It is
, 1
. i is considered judgment of the scienti.sts 'that
. C.. ..
<:. ~4 the Bataan Plant ncy under construction la p '
lagued by poor design a:ia'.:.,#..hasty engineering" .
' . IP. 24, Ezh. A-1, Wes+f W "). Among the major d e s N.
4 g, J ainbjects I reviewed are the. structural integrity of - - the reactor prasaurs vessel.hnd primary eco14.ng . I stem piping; asercenev .co=s . coolf.acr svstem - - (tCCS) capability; reactor. Snzt unantstion and
;
control systams; auxiliary feedwater control b- . aratems; steam generator t=bs cracJcing and corro-ef
.cn, critical pc=p and valve perfczmanca capeb1-
'1;.cies, and the like.
Atter a rev' iew had been j-egnducted
-~4 by the U.S., National R_egulatory C:= mats-sl.cn , it is r..spo.. rt.e.d_ _that US.!GO h.a.s .. ordered. the temporary clos ure.
, . . .... of all Westin.ghouse plants in the U.S. because it is the only fix:n supplyfng
, g .. . - . . - - . . . . . . . - -
- nuclear reactcra that does not' hutve adequato . .
' .. l . - - -
...,r-. *~
ene.rge.ncy.e.. . . . .Ming syst.em (Report No. 857-79 from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dated.
.- 5 november 1979). 2. .
} .
~
,. on .the .w. hola...va find. that .. ;w the preponenem have . net sufficiently shown. tha.t .the present
).,
design of the Batman Nuclear.-.*.P.ower . Plant can I
,g.
-;
'.'.Y.!* !5 5
.h. , .x
- a - 23 ..
.;:G,
. . . . .L u&. ...
-e
a, ns r . L .
. , . ,g,uarantee
. ~ .-..- - -
ag'ainst repetition,o.f the Ot3 ac- W u. . Wis Cer=sission must ascertain itself on 'tha 3 c luestiono[ safety,ina~" as the President
' himself stated in his letter to the Chai.w. ,
i : bat "x x x this is a rasponsibility squarely resting on our conscienca, for 'it concerns the - .
- .x <
wifare not only of this., generation, : but others
- n come*: that "we can not .tafford the inerest -
doubt where the future of as anti,ra nation is 1 concerned" (Document No. 6-A) . -
- 5.-
We are, indeed, appellod by the frequency . of accidents in nuclear reactor ecwer plants e neluding those designed bh.- Westinghouse (2xhi- . bit 21-A, Bataan) . For one, the auclear acci- . dent is 34enaw, Switz adan4. a=umm end frem minilar causes (M' kit 71-A, TsHadN) attributed to the . TMI inciderat. The M 4=sdon canno+ svoid r* W public notice of them. If these nuclear imei- . dents prove anything, they show that nuclear . ytants. are not 'fsilurs-safa. Consider the ad- .
' gmitted fact owned by Westi..ghcuse _
_ ~ . . .. that the. Philippine Bucica: Pcwer Reactor Plant is an old design;, Westinghouse admits that "x x x l' for PNPP-1, the code affsctivity date has
, t.
centrset. sally established as October,1973.* 4 z:3 - 24 . e . N-
- . -%C - . ..
, y- . .
. . ..t '. .
t .
. r.* . , .
L ., -
~
lp.11, hrandum for Westinghouse) . If this da so, then said das,ign dossi not have the bene- - . fits as to the latest safety.my.stans of modern ( *b techno1cgy which changes qufta rapidly. A 1973 - nuclear reacter des'Ign, fof"that =atter, would .. .
. t.
ippear out=cded by 1982 or. 2p' B3, the scheduled
, (ate of operation. ,
Another big problen, germans to safsty aris_es If and when an actual ameghq should happen in the Bataan nuclear plant. Accidents that develop
- ! n seconds or in ninutes as did occur in the .
s
.s ! T, tree-Mile Island require inneediata acti=n.
l
. 2 ssembling a group of experts frca abroad and. ,-
I ' transporting them to the.. PM,tippines will take s everal dirs,3,'when the M lai. urgently needed 1a hm . In any event, ws: have to relv en our
. gn .
fevn team of'ca W i..si". . But we'can not understand
. l
_ey the ceabined housine facilities of the .
. ...u. :
slorkars and emolayees ar'e located in Bagae. l - 2aenan, seventeen (171 k.ilex=eters awav. c .. . l The proponents tried to; exp1 min that the , ,
; - ~
complex housing area was constructed in 3agac, , j - ;. ,- . Baennn because it was origina:lly the sita chosen-l
.for the Bataan Nuciaar 'Rmactne Power P2. ant;
. at since it was already excavated, levelled, II3 - 25 I'. -
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and sc=e of the houses were .'itiready constructad,
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ItPC would save substantial "dxpenses in not having
% const=uct a new housing area. -
. . - The ar A-ation is a poor excuse considar-
~
f.ng that the safety of the plant is 'of more para- . .
, zount iw'm. Logically, it is prer.aturn to have developed a housing area when the most a cceptable site had not yet hn selected. ters i . .
d a evidence that the pattern both in the . United
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3 tates and Europa is to c= net:act the houses of . hey men adjacent to the pcwer . plant. H e purpose
- Ca that in case of any inc9at, cones =ted action
- ~.
- can be inada available espeed=11y by the technical
, experts needed. The tsaan of. t==uble-shooters m2st always be on the spot to avo;f.4 a major catast=opha.
. 1 La s
. . Ttiis/not the situatien in Bataan. ,
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*- C. QUESTIes No. 2. wso ARE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL C2ERATE TEZ E.ATAAlf HUCLEAR PLA.NT AND WHA: ARE THEIR QU.U,E*ICATICNS7 .
~
- n fairness to the proponents, .tt : rust be , -
said that the selection'and training of highly skilled ran pcwer sta=ted since 1976. In - - an open ecmpetitive recruitment er=Ntion, . . . 1,240 applicants took the initial tests cen-
. . ' ducted by ,the National Pcwer . ; '. -
Corporation of , , which 812 passed. Aftez other tests conducted . by engineers of NPC and'an independent psycho.- logist-consultant, the ut=mber of 812 aspirants was t=1:nmed down to 173. . C. .'. . Part of the training is the " Pressurized
' Water Reactor Course. The first batch of
- ' operating personnel ec= posed of 39 engineers had undergone both curses.' *n tile further t= sin-ing has been centinuing here at hcme, already a.
top manage:oent group of 121 left on June 12, 1979 for the Westinghouse 7.uclear Training Center in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. , In the overall training program, Westinghouse
. vould train 187 trainees in 16 different disci- .
p11nes, The trainees have to ::saster an exceed-
- ingly ccmplex systes run by inst ::sentatica. .
A mcment of inattention can cause enormous da:tage
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- to persons and property. [;
For the_ .. - f.i.r..st e.i.ghteen ,(13] =caths of initial
.o.2*. ration of the.Bataan Nt2cisar Reactor Plant, Whnght:nas.e men with.711thino trained empicyees.
of the NaHT }_ Power. Corporation will man the pMat. Westingbonsa, say, give. an additional ten
.~ .
(:.0) nonths period to tra.in .and help the Filipino
.. s . . t.
c:igineers ha#tw= laaving operation of the plant er," aly to Filipino hmnd=- P.cwever, *cnce ,, a . ccnatruction and performance testing are cca- . p eted and PNPP-1 is accepted try NPC, cci=mercial es:eration of'PNPP-1 beconnes the respons1bility of
." (p.11, Memorandum for, Westinghouse) . This pensition of Westinghouse is -=^== unfair. For.
ei;;hteen (18) months, the Filipino a .. .. operators.. weald-be under Westinghouse =en. Sappose an incident
.c ,t sh6uld happen due to hunan er=cr of the trainer j . .._ _. -5_..-. .
and not the Filipino trainee..-.. .would it then 'he .
* . 3. . .
just and equit.abJ e that NPC alone y,puld shoulder . 3...........--...... the responsibility for the ensuing da:nages? p......-. . - . . . _ . . . . . . Should no t Westinghouse be responsible for its training.. .. sumff?
- The Philippine Atcmic Ena.937 Ccestission (PAEC) has assured us that it would carry out
.i .
I its plan to station at the plant round-the-c.icek C . .-
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- rained axperts of the regulatory body. The reguIetion would permit ytplation of the ~
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trols of a facility only by persons holaing
. . . nn operator's permit _ at that- fac411ty. Only a f tar passing a written av=htien and operat:- -
._. t> .
.ing test prescribed by 'P2xc =h=" an cperator i
1:e issued a.licasse. Unlike in the United States where high school, graduates may be- , i supervisors and/cr operstars, those in the NPC undergoing tralaing abroad are all Bachelor. I of Science in Engineering,gradustes. Extra . I assuranca is thus given tha 'Batsan Nuclear Re-l actor Plant' of battar cualified operators with d Lverse ranges of required expertise in power generation, i environmental protect 3.cn, engineering and cons L ..:.ica' , and of quality assurance in , m.nnagement and administratica. It is not correct to say that the 7111pino
<. arigineers WM3ia~t:ained.caly in simulators s
. . ' r,;. ..L
. 1 ard not in actual operation of nuclear. reacter
. p.lants. This C:maission 'I.nquitred into this
~
matter and found that while the trainess would indeed iniM=?b train on s % W.cs.3, thoseafter w'ould be . ad to pass cert. ads testa I and av=Maticas and ebtain a license in the United States. With the resqui=sd licensef 6 hey C . .
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Would than he allowed under.- dn.ited Stat es laws to work.in a nacisar reactor p1 Ant. It t6ua aults that the people who 'will operats the . Bataan Nuclear Pcwcr.' Plant would not cnly be . trainees but would have been duly licensed _
. i .
tr=4Ma s W aters in the UM W States. .
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udE.sd Qi 30. 3. Di C%SD um 15 AN D. r N'r'TDENT SE1ILAR ':0 n.s TEEE-* TILE ISLAND IMC10:01T IN T.::::; BATJLLN NUCLEAR
.r POWER PLANT, W.AT ICSCU_ -<, SOTH SCIZhT:O'IC NID I:TUU m.IAL. .b'12 AVAIT- '
ARLP TO P!C.V"IT CONT 2. 17"'"ICN OF THE
- SURROUNDrJG APEAS MiD AT.OSPEERE AS_
WTL AS TR2 F**,CPLE r.~.Z31CII~.G THIRZAT7 WHO WT'L Poll 2iC3 /C..P.Jsv J ;E FACILITIES
- TO PR'rYENT C-.J.htIidis. TICS NTD HOW MUCH hCULD IT COST? IiRO leTT L PAY FOR THE .
- DAMAczS. AND COSTS 7 g. . . .
The Philippha 1Wc Energy Ccm=ission ex uld ruquire the Ra*' M Power.,I ,,cra+ dan to incer-porate in its Final Safstr Aeslysi.s Report pricz. to the issuance of the license to~ operate, an I l Mind =u:n regnL-amants for v amargency action plan. .
- 6 sdchemergencyplanshouldincludes .
a) organization for cepirsg with rad.iat1on - energencias, . r;. , b) p'recedures for notifying the public and. other protective seasures, , I c) emergency first aid and personal decon-
*='"= tion p=ncedures, and : '. ' ,
- di provision for' training employees. -
In the position paper of the Etnistry of , He sith, an cr-s*" =tiona!. ~pahta=n of the action -
- -I?..W?.P plan is deWo6.is% v.a y . .
D* wg of the Radiatica . He m.lth Offica'~c= sated under PD 480 is the head of all coordinati=g tsans with the Chief Radiation
=..*. .
.yI"sp!:
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Patectimercitirm who voeid act in the absence
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of the Directer, Each. Health Physd.cist Team isi composed of one Sanier health physicist, or
. health physics technicia.n and an sida. A r.edical
- ta su is also provided for 'w:O.1 ':h.their duties enu= ..
? ? .
marated in the. action plan. 'Aside from medical
. . . . e-..
t- - W Vgists, the. Bio-Medical Engineering Team .
, . . . . o. .
and Liaison officers,.the. plan,would entirely Inlvolve the 2arangay Cap *=f n= 'The Ministry of , Eenith would be acting in close collaboration with- - i ..-~..
- the Philippine Atcmic Energy C ' =sion and, c4 I
course, the National Pcwer Corporation, t$e ('~- l operator of the Nuclear Planh, to carry out an . I evacuation plan and relative energency procedures . . t I fos areas s u ea ding the Bataan Nuclear Potrer Plant. All these agencies are preparing their , o i respective budgetary layouts for such emergencies. This f** =slen finds. the plans ah m ticusa noteworthy. But it must be said in passing that . at. the Three-Mile Island Incident, hundreds of the , be:st scientists and experts esmo from the large number of peopla in the 115enI5ee(* crganizntion, < .
. thin state ed P.ennsylvania; the. NRC, other Fedaral ,
and Stata , agencies, and 1.**+_- y v.wsps. Col- . p . lectively, they triad to maintain and 1.amve the , _.3-( Im-2 .
. -- m . . h w h-
4
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esnditions in the armas affected. Can we say that at
- 1 -
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p resent. *yy.% hs..cczne, we can have s' :r.h extenslve variety of resources, and the depth aad breadth of A=arican tech = ology? It behooves
. l
. N:t and PAP.C to mai:itain tha. highest degree of ,
eW a m-= and dedicatics in.;1ts ampicyaes for this perious and delicate tazic.
- i. ..
In case of nuclea= a'ecidents, the *= ages and co sts will be shouldered by SPd.. ?cm this purpose, N2C has been organising a Ph511ppina Muclear Insu.
- =mes Tool with, the Govermeent'. Sc.vice Insurames *
. l ,9 .
Sfstem as lead insurar. It La PT = M to naks
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m es insur nc. ,ouci.s edrectiv. ,rio= en ts. arrival of the fuel assa lf== in the Philippines set for Feb. w. 1982. 8
..l,.,' ,
Cn the limitation of liabd11ty of the instal-lation operator, our law (Sec. 42, Republic Act Mc. 5207, as amended by PJ. N.1484 , provides,
. tbat. 'the 1#'m f ty of the ins11 at1cn cpebtor for nuclear damage under this Act shall be limited to an amount in Philippine pesos which
.. is equivalent to five million' dollars, 'Cnited
- states cu:-rency, for anyone nuelaar _ incident, ex. ::1usive of interest er cesth which may be -
i - aw arded by tNa Court in acticus for 7nsation
~
i . ! of. such nuclear damage.'
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f lisi.larly, the lla II1ty of'the Republic of
<ty Ag:deenents with the Philippines on N .
- contracters or suppliers of. goods or services -
for <us I atemic energy facility. has been limited
.s. :. l to us$120 =f111on.
This is contained - in, Pre-- :
.; .i. -
l .
- side: tial Decree No.1484 which'.took effect on .,
11, 1978. Said decree in part amends see-June ,...c. . . tien 52 of Repub11ch'.Wo. 5207.; and which reads 2 . . , i i Section 52 is hereby
/section amended5. by the addition of a new a -
paragraph which shall read as fol- . lows: t c . . . .
*THE REPUsLIC CF TEE. PHEIPPINES -
fCTING THROUGH SCCH CFFICSR AS MAY BE pSSICNATED BY THE PRESIC' NT" SHALL ENTER LINTO AGRNS OF INUS:5IFICATION WIT.E . ICONTRACTORS OR SUPPLIS35 CF'. GOODS OR
%ERVIC FOR AN ATCHIC "mW FACILITT , .
CWNED CR OPZ3ATOD BT TH3 GCWESIN. ITS AGENCIZS, INST 3CMENTALITIES OF COR- - lPCRATIONS CWNED OR CChTRCLLSD BT N
, GCVERNMENT PURSUAsT To WEICS THE GOVERN- -
. .- m AGREES 20. hW .ITY AND HOLD SUCH .
! CONTRACTORS CR, m . N EA3MLESS FRCM ANY LCSS CR ? "*M ARISING CUT OR IN RELATICN TCL A SCCLEAT I3CI~'.NT OCCURRING Is THE PhTrEP""'J INTN OF THE YIILD .
. CF THE INSU3tANCS -V DCr2EVER,OR CT322 THAT N HE3EIN SUCH 1 SET FORTE,JP h - -
INDEMNITT SHALL I:s NO' CASE Z%CZZD THE
! AMCCNT OF PRILIPPI3tE PESCS WHICH IS .
zouIVAI a : To Czz- w m ~ w nu- - - L I C M U . S . D C L Z d Gt 5 ,,* n
- Even before the plan for 15surance pool shall - .
c have matahalized,1nsuranced trend in the U.S. is r
- wed obserring.
Mr. 51:sens of Westinghouse . L , l admitted that hemeevners' policies bar clafss . l .
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.-,! ' fo e nucisar m -44=ats. . Mix.a.L da= ages sustained ,
.y 'e is a single nuclear r.edd*"t bould be tan tisas
.s ..
N. mo re than the limited 1#=W 4ty of $560 ~#11 fen . .
. ;p . . ,
- 9. ' . (pW- E-7, t.s.'n. , My 9,.1579, ,.
. . . .3 : 30 p.:s. ) .
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Insurers feared tlat'damags claims could h="ir'upt thlss. e. Hence,. .. they ti*use nova to provide full .. . ( ,
. - coverags. If 1+ MHey coverage in the U.S. will
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in'::rsase,. it is because'of. tha'mora 22um 100
;
- *-e. .. . .. 1 nn::loar plants new operating.* and veuld hereafter , .
- operata. The Price-Anderson 1ct, as a - Mad, 1
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,@,y .7 al . the. -"M. of. $560 *4'14en to inersaae as -
..-- .. . ~
j:;., . tha number of, cpe= sting nuc1'sar plants in thsi U.S.
; , , .
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also increases. Each utilityTwith, an operating ". . e . .
\ . '
.s'.],.
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V re.sctor zust' pledge $5 =d 1 Hon U.S. to cover
. . . ..~ .
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. / Tf . yatantial liability c1='~ by. the puh11e dus to .. 1:". , :,':
accident .at any one siaciaa7 plant (Exhibit M-
'J'.;? '
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With only .. one nucluar plant pro '.. .'
. ~ ' . '? We .ghouse]
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l posed for the
.., $,,.s. ;.' . .. l ..
P<' *ynas g.ye.;;cannot dmprove c:c- . .. . S- in'ersase liability coverage in favor of .potestini l- ,'- -
- . ; .. :-
.a ' '. - :
. Purtherr at=dy on this matts * -' . .' ' . !
.. .9. ,11shility c1 =d-="ts. -
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-with a view to iscrease this ccversge is thus
, .s 8, .
v,-
.- ' he reby recassended. *
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CUES?TCN MO. 4. ARE WE EXCHANGING WITH E. OR OBTAINING IM70RMATION C3 NUCIEAR SAFE- .
. GUARDS FRCM OW.ZR COUN'i'"'.IM_LIKE THE
** UN.ITED STNI""S TH200GE I':S 1.'.X*. IZAR REwLA= .
TCRY CO.'CtISSION C2 m I:r:*nNATIONAL A'ICMIC E!w sii CC' '*.ISSIC t %HICH OR E W LT - PP%'tMENDED TE3 ESTABLISH."121T OF THE BATAAlf NUM
- u PCW2R 7LAAT IN 19617 WHAT ARE THE MA.XIMUM AliD MINIMUM ACCEPT-ABLE SAFZGUARDS TO PRZVENT ' KUCI. EAR CON =
- TAMINATION7_
i. In its position paper, the Philippine Atossic . Energy --af salon admitted thai: it is receivi.ng , . inf or: nation on nucisar energy mattars, parti-
, cul arly cn health and ' safety pichlems related ,
to power reactor. Under the 1968 Bilateral k . Agrsement between the Repchlic. of the Philippines and the U.S. Gevermment, exchange of information ~ I
.i. *
- on'the. civil ases of nuclear anergy and related .
ma ars is provided for. The USNRC has been ~ fm-%1shing PAEC through the U.S. E:hbassy in la, ceptes of its builatin. and day-to-day Isauances on develocements regarding the "2tI inci-der't . PAEC also used . to_ recafve from USNRC infor- ,
- mation or news releases ca' Regulatory Guides and .
.y . . ... g. . ,
coe,as . : . .' . .'M ' .-
. . . } ..' '
As :ne:nbeE country of the' International Atomic Eno rgy Agency, the PhilippiseN' through PAEC haa
, ~
been a recipient of IAEA Bulletins, technical ' 11 cations including these on nuclear energy. II2 = 1. ,.
(.
. .. e .
.A.d.d..it.-.ionally, .
.Westi. . . .
.ngho..u..s.e. has been droviding .
PAEl:,, topical,, reports, to aldr it,in understanding.
- the
~ . ,
design _and. analysis. of westinghouse ... pressurized .
, ;
watar_ reactors. Safety "updatss' by experts i 7 invslved with licensing U.S. plants are also pro-
. < ;. g. .
vided by Westinghouse,to give s.P. M opportunity to < dis =uss licensing problems is' the U.S. ':'hase state- , I ments of PA2C and Westinghouse on the obtaining ,
- s. .
of linformation on nuclear safeguards have not been , , I disputed by the other parties /. ., participants. On part 2 of question No.14, as to maximum and4 mini =um acceptable standards to prevent nuclear - con bamination, all PAEC. couB. Say in a general way ,
' ._ x . a , . . . . .-. -
is that.. y ama designed on a defense-in .tepth, mult1 barrier concept, hence, there would , , I l be an extramely Icw probability of any radioactive.
. rel ease frem happening; and th_at:, the design is .
- i. .n .
accordance with acceptsSle,~ standards, codes and . ,
..g.
reg 11atory guides. . . On its pa22,..a.. the Ministry' of Health, .as herato'- fors stated, has . set, up azi. orga::nizational plan . 9 , .. whi ::h shall be carried out' by l th Radiaticn Health cff Lee ot' the Ministry of Health in coordiantion witA PAEC. On the limitation o. f activity releases, .
;
' the Ministry of Health sutzmitz'.that: 1) an agreed
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desa , limits shall be respectied[ and 2) all ,' . doses should be kspt as low as.is readily , evable; that an acuta ' radiation injury is tot caused unless the radiatiica dose excceds
.- some hundred rads in a single diose, .and much higliar values if tha ccposura 1's' prelenged over .
a period of years. The Ministr!y of Health then ata s that 'inasa:uch as the pc aihility that , l expc sures might be received,,unc5er a much wider . I variety of conditions and cirear. stances, it is I i impcsalble to iay down any re-~9ation for
- action levels that would genera 11y be applicable. .
Ttina , except for the organizational plan outlined by the Ministry of Health, NPC ,and PAEC, no deft. I nita standards, maximum or afhfiin::n, have been *
- shown to prevent nuclear conh =fration. The I
- reason can also very well be as aptly stated 2.y
. .n .
U.S. secretary of Health Josepen,A. Calipano, Jr. during the investigation of the Three-Mile .Taland
.;
incident before the U.S. Senata Ccomittee on . . Heal'th 'and Scientific Research; .
*Even when the facts of radiation .
exposure seest clear, the significance of those facts is often hard to deter-
- mine for scientific thee..y about radia- ,
tion is also bedeviled by uncertninty.* - Scientist aF yet, do not know precisely how dangercus exposure to low level radiacion is. -
.....,.;
HE-3 '
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- 9. WHERE. ECW, AND BY WRCM F. Cur 5TICM 190. -
WILL NUCLEAR WASTE SE DISPOSED OF AND
. WHAT ARE THE RISKS INVOLVED IN TtfE Disposal Psoccuaz?
' Anti-nuclear adherents base their strongest '
are mt against nacinar reactorr power plants en the problems of nucisar waste disposal., Sewral stacas have passed" laws prohibiting . tr ansportation er disposal' of " radioactive wasta wi@in the Stata borders (2xhibit 65-B, Tanada). . Even thcae f=cas the Pacific Islaruta reportadly , I refused to allow their ocean floors to be the . I - dumping ground of nuclear wasta.
?
In the design for PNPP-1',a. provision has been -
- made for temporary secrage 'ohiy of used fuel ar.d
' ot ser nuclear wasta classified into:
- 1) the low-level wants which consists of bulky, slightly coots:sinated materials, such,as rags, e thing, industrial tissh, sweepings, l
paper, gloves, with or 13 weak radioactivity; *
- 2) the zasdiu:a oc higliar level radwasta < , ,
cc lnsisting primarily of' process materials like
- re siss, filters and afficenti; and -
- 3) high level radwasts whicts consists of radioa-tive elements contain.ed in the used or -
l spent fuel rods. .
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The 1c4 to mediu:s level radwaste' will be
- redaced in volume, mixed with cement and binder, n.
and t. hen placed in 55-g=1 W steel .
.y -
drums. This process would be done at greet'[erpense and Amni-I
- nent hazard to the personniel.',l'These
'.- , . :. . .. '. staal con- -
tai sers are then transferred to the storage build . . ing in the site "for _about a w before be.ing shi pped to an .off-site stcragerfacility" (Doc. .
. . V . t
] operations,tha
.'.t. 16-A EPC). 'N W ,
Bat. san Nuclear Pcwer Plast would produce in one f year alone from 800 to 1000 d b s' of 55-sellons s . of Low and medium level waste'. (p. 6, t.s.n., June 29, 1979, 2:25 p.m.). Consifdaring that NPC has not. provided for an off-site storage facility. , for Icw-level waste, the crue;th'I-problem of . was/:e disposal will arisa after only a year of '
. t .
normal operation. ac .
. z ,. ,
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In the case of the'high-1sv41 waste .o.tr - spent fue,L, the same is stored in the used fuel storage building in the site. As,destyned, the spent fuel sterzga water pool for the Sataan Nuclear
- Plant is 8 meters wide by 115.5.' meters long by
- f .
12.5 meters deep. The pit can allegedly accca- , med ta storage of at least.15 to 20 years of ,
;
/ soent fuel. According to Westpaghouse exporta, L . :7 . . 277 - 2 .
- e. . e...
.r #
..'.T
i
.i 9
C - i -
; <
.4 each spentfaalelementweighsjap'p.roximatai.y 1,240 pounds and forty such element.s are re- 't
. noved frca the. plant every 13 months. The total ,
we14ht of the spmst fuel for one refueling in i 24 u: ens. Thus, on the evargage', -hare weuld tie
- 16 ltons of spent fuel to be stored each year.
,) . *
. ':he spent fumi may also be. shipped to a re- ,
proceasing facility abroad foi" recovery of uranium - and plutonium and the tra." 1 of the high-level radvaste. Incidentally, the only reprocessing ll ~
- P ant in upstate New York ;'la .
acer
.y closed (Exh. 26-A, Taf' ada). Ehren if reprocW
- the high level wasta -
produced fremt the reprocessing-are then compacted
- inin solid fern in glass or ceramics and returned f
from the reprocessing centar to the Philicpines whers I the final burial or repositerf .. of thim . rw n=r-tive wasta vould be located I
- q in a salt or .
greits for:sation. It is not denied i... that nuclear vai ste re=h= radioactive for thousand of vears. y. If not *mp
' ~
") 'the'*sperit fuel could
-=C.-
g remain in tho Nuel storage pit. If alrea&I filled, - l according to .Mr. 5%ns, another pit may be c=ststructed I adjacent thereto,' good foe use for i
- another 10 years, and still another for the ,
next 10 years, until the MM l m duration of a .
- ',.. .. - L.
TIF - 3 . ' . . . . .
- p. . -
;.y . , -
~ .
. . . .i
.. g . ..a
.py . . V. o J. e'. ca.}uk wlre.pd c -.4-: - .~l t
. ,t. s.4,. O :e. ha a-nue Lear power ~ plant shall have'! lapsed.
'! / ,
~
The sta+a==nt is incorrect.' As stated above, - besides 'the high 1sval .vasta (the spent fuel) , , the re is the prcblem of icw and mediu:n level wasta whic must be transferred to ak'off-site storage afta one year. For one year alone, about 1000 , drums of 55 gallons have to be!' disposed of.' If , not disposed.of, the storage building would not be l :apable of storing the procImmed low level
- radioactive waste altar 4 years according to the
, c' .- -
F ' Wes':inghouse position paper (Doc No.14-A, pp. (.. 160-l161. Vol. I, Rec.).. EPC'edains that the
- sataan planti f's~'diapable of . hand 11.w low to medica d m d solid wastes for only."five years interim J
,storace" (Exh. No. 16-A, p4 211, Vol. I, Rec. ) . .
. . .q;.
But this is not all. .
'DuetothedangeroushadfMandfrequent -
transfers alone of these icw, ~mediusa and high 1 eve ll waste, the plant s vulnershility to acci-8 den::s cannot bu't be overemphasimod. ".here is riod of con <rincing evidence that the longest
. sea 8b c
- L..
storage of high level waste isIfive (5) years, and thisI spent fuel'would have to Se' solidified (Zzh. l
- 44 *adada) at enormous expense;ar:d deposited in
- v scme other places. Where to. 18c' ate its final.
117 - 4 .
s .
~ *
- i. ,, ,
. . .; . . .t ,
rap <: sitory is uncertain. . .
. With raspect to high leve .wasta,' cur atten-
- s. - .
,tiot has been called to .an A3C. regu1stion in the Uni States that requiredI tl i2f:* high-level wastes l . . .
be solidified aftar 5 years' storage and shipped to a federal rapository within 10 years. Said l repository does not acw exist In he United $tstda (2r.h. 44-A, Tadada). Inthe.pblippines,oud* , I l' predicament is even more acuta 'as v113. fhh. he . show}n below.
. *;
- Since Sepes=har 1, 1976, the Pras1 dent by ,
Administrative ' Order 'No. 389 created the Intar-
. h.' .
Agency Consmittae ccmposed of thi '*-f asiener of -
- the hilippine Atomic Energy C=ismi.ssion or his ,
representative, as chad -* ant thN chs1.w. , Nati anal Se-4 anne.Devoicpeent Board or his rapte. J
. sentstive, members the cc saiseloner of the Budget .
Or hLa representative, -Mr ',be Sacratary of Indu.stry or his representat va me=bery and the Director General, National Em7 c1 and Develop- , ment Authority or his representative, member. Af ter more than three years , ' this Inter- Agency Cem:n etee has not yet chosen the site or exact 1.mLon in the ,h111pp1mes vs re es. nuclear . I , waste may be storad. IIF .- 5' , - . r... .
. . 5
. ~.
e ,
.. ....-=. *
. - ; . . .. ,.C .. . . - . ..
Nuciaag vaste cannot just be dumped at the bott om o.f the see or buried deep.in.the land. The
. repcsitories must be of salt c= granite for: nation that, are self-sealing in the- svent of an earthquaka..
. . . . .; .
. 'According to the IAZA.Tacha hai Reports series No. 177, appended to the Memorandum of NPC a3 4ttach-ment , (d), there are two princip,al, reasons for con-sidering cartain geological formations as suitable .
distcaable sites for radicactive wastee, r e ly- .
*i (1) "They have existed irr an undisturbed form over very extended periods of
. time, up to many nillions of years. .. .
. There is a vary high .d.egree of pro- ,
bability that, among" thes, scoe will remain stable.in thes future
, for sw h- periods cit ti uz; (2) " Locally, they can have large vol=: metric masses with no er negligible amounts of migrating groundwatar." (at pages 19-30).
*t
."ha'r e is adecuata proef
- t5:h"t for laek of .
Q storage _of nuclear waste, ' the Esquia torv - Cc-mis- . stor banned the operation of nacierg.: plants in Louz tates of the United States (Pfxh , 13-A,
- Tadada). ,,
"he Philippine Atomid herVY C-4asion had de admissions thac 'x z :d the count" f being ~
.. .e '
sitvated in a volcasic belt, we cannot ensure . long-ter:n stability of the geo ic structures *; that "there is no known stable salt-rock. for:na.- ..
. se . * .; . . .
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ties in any of the islanda*h that,"for this rea-son , our hopes for long tarz storage and ultimata dis posal of nuclear wastaa w.' il.1 be on the establish-men b of an international burdal site" (Prospects
*and Problems of Nuclear Pcwer.I.n the Philippines by r. D. Ibe and C. E. Alata, Philippine Atomic
~
Energy Cc= mission, Exh. 25-Tanada). Cbviously, . the eroblem of nuclear wasta manage =ent as "far as the 3ataan clant is cencerned- ha's not ves bean .
,oLa.
1 - NPC would want to sidplify the serious prc~ blem of waste disposal by adv b ing bo'the IAEA-Te cal Reportu Series No. N7'which enumerates
;
l several, geologic forr.ations other than rock salt - I also auttable for disposal of solid high-leval . l ' wastas (p. G-I-9, vol. 1, NPC')6ercrandt=n), NPC 4 . . . l ,
.- also places its relianca oc. the dissertation of
. Er::mato N. Media.cf 2AZC, ehmi - n of the "Intar- -
f - .?; ~ A. gency (*r-ww=4 ttee on Radwesta F,acilit.y Siting.
- - p. .. . 4 Mr. Mefia claims that the coamittee . .,..
has found - podsible sites in Palawan, ytm'm o, Karanglan, , l .
. Nueva Ecija, and in Aritsw, Dueva Viscaya, but ,
;
- thelse places should yet lie sub'jected to seismolo-g1 cal examination (p. 19, t.s.n. , August 29, 1979, -
I :. - 3: 40 a.m.). - II? - 7 . 4
~
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The totality of the evidence on the site ,
~
of <:he' waste repository does not prove that a si s.itable place has been found. Even Mr.
. 1
.'. Mejda admitte'd on interpellartida.that there is no solution in sight to a pez:nanent disposal
. plan of auclear vastas, but he' is optimistio . .
t.ha <: tachnology will develop a ' solution to ths , problem (pp . 13-14. t.s.n. , August 19, 1979, ,
. 8:40 a.m.). In the light of the above admission .
and the damsging statenants of Dr. Aleta and Dr.
. Iba of PAEC, it is only fitting and proper that acontinuing study be furt!uar mada of possible , ,
j.
. . -; . .. .
mitas of nuclear waste in any of_our more than - l , seven thousand (7,000) isbods. [,, -
,- = . . .- .
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9
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C. CUEst; tWao. %- risoet,yA rt'E
- ':.t.K AFTER THE THREE MILE J ISLA'ID INCIDIr.% ON MARCH 23,
- 1979, I or!CCTED THE MI:1ICTRY CP E:iERGY -
TO RECUIRE cSTINGHCCSE M SINO EX?IRTS TO THE PRILI? PINES TO 2XPLAIN DOUSTS Tv.AT BAVE ARIS.'*N ESPECIALLY IN THE MIND OF THE
' PRESID C2T ASCUT T.93 SAF2TT OF THE BATAAN
- NUCLEAR PC".dZR PLANT. CHY -EAS NOT WESTING-HOUSE DCNE So UP To NOWt ..
t According to the westinghouse Panel, Mr.
- Cordon C. Hurlbert, President (of Westlnghouse, , ,
received the 1sttar of Ministar Geronimo Velasco . dated April 11, 1979, requesting clarificatica , and assurance from Westinghou$e. Mr. Hurlbert sert the reply by lettar datect April 27, 1979
. an'd directed' tha Westinghouse experts to pecceed ~
.. .., .1 -
to the Philippines. It' tras only on June 22, 1979 - tha t westinghcuse sent its panel of experts, Mealers. Moore, Sero, Call and 9.arro11, long aftar , the President of the Philippines had already . ereated this ccamiaaion by vM' ue of E:xacutive Or No. 539 dated June 15, 1979. They
- pre-ser ed the TMI-PNPP-1 informat$cn to the President on Friday, 22 June 1979* (p. 102, Vol. I, Rec.) .
l
- e. .
p.a,above facts have not been contested, g , de=ccat=ste unwarranted delay. und lack of immediate -
. l concern over the safety of the- Bataan Bucicar Pcwer i *
- Plant under construction.
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. THE'SAFTFf 0F THE SI"3 . . ... .
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~ - *
- A. BASIC CCTSTTOWS, ISSUES, unDNS A.W
. Arn:czoeris . . .
T:.- ..
. s.
A.1 SASIC CU2STIONS . .
'5. In. case thera should u an earthquake .
.; . .
si::d lar to the one that hit WW-a in August . . 1977 , which was of 7.2* Intassity on the Richter
?
sca] e, will the Bataan Nuclear Tower
- Plant be
~
ablai to withstand the shock wit:hout leak or ~.
. spillage resulting in nuclear con +==4 nation?
. z..
. Can it withstand a.JF4. -
.. aiinami cr* n.#4^ml vava caused . .
' by earthquake of tactonic criqin sd="T** to the ,
tsun ami that h' i t M'aA'- is. August 19777 ,.
"6. Is the ,Bataan Kccioad Power Plant . , .
a located in a fault-:Es5'Buhrh*is surface? ,. - l
*7. What is the histerf of earthquakes .
in ' e pa. rticular site of f.he Bataan ; .. Nuclear - Power Plant?" st..
.. i. . .
i " The above qrseted questions. 'fs Lattar of - Instruction No. 876, which the C-4 =sion has been directed to obtain ansvers.to, all deal .. with the safety of the si' a selected for the IIIA - 1 t
., ~ -
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construction of the Bataan Ndelaar. n .
. . . . - - - - . . -- - - Power Plant -
solely from the point of view '.of seismicity.
^ -- -- -
, -4 y .:. - . . . -, .
Cugstion No. 5 asks if the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant can withstand an ea:Ehquake, of 7.2 inten-- , sit y on the Richter scals. ', T!ie second sente[ race of the same question refars to a +1d=1 wave or tsunami that can he caused by such an earthquake , l , of tectonic origin. While Question No. 6 refers i . to the probable axistence of a fault in the earth . I
- surface, the estaria11ty of sinch finding is only with respect to fanits it being the most natural
. setree of earthquake. Question No. 7 expresses l a ' ; cor cern about the probability'of earthquakes in I -
Bataan am dea ntaA from s4 =" events-in the - i
. l - -
past. , l . I , Consi.tering that Executive Orde No. 539 ,
! - dizocts the Commission to .cctaduct as inquiry i . '
j on the safety to the publ4c of the pnpesed - i ne1==* plant *, the Coamsismica looked into other I factors that could affect t. tie suitability of the m. l [ . site of the plant i' rem the; point of view of ,
;.
i - safety considerations. - It recalved evidence
., s. . .I . not only on the aattd: of the'effect of 'carth- . , ' t
- j quakes at or near the plant, but also on related
. IIIA .2 , h . .
- .
- . .
! a' ..
. :; -~- As . .
. a .. .
e
. . .. .. . '~~., _ _ . . .- ,
. .~
. .X.~ . .
V mat- .ars,suchas,thegeo1Nicarfeaturesofthe plant site, its nearness to popula. tion.centurs,.
.. '. and the danger pose.d.by. nearby volcances.
s
,e m . . . .,
~
A.2 THE SITE LOCATTON OF-lTHT BATAAN NUCLZAR POAZRrPLANT . w.
': y
.b .
' Aftar an extensive analytical investig'ation '
by @e agencies involved, it van decidad by them -
.~.- '
to nst=uct the nuclear plant.at Napot Point, a small peninsula about n kilcaster long and 4tJO to 100 meters wide, located on' the West Coast of Bataan province, and within ,thE jurisdiction of . the town of Morong. There ara.]two major volcanic
' s.
conurs nearby, Mt. Natib voicisnic cestplex about - 4 9 loss . northeast of the s'ite, and Mt. Mariveles, - l
. approximately 22 )c::s. to the southeast. After '
Napot Point was graded frets its original height , of ,about 35 meters above.mean ses level, the sits i .- area is now la meters above mean ses level. i
. . ;
The selection of Napot Point was arrived at * . after a process of allmination: among several sites . . in .'u::en, it being the intention to build one or , two nuclear power plants near wanfla to supplament
. g. . ,
the Luzon Grid. rhe salactionjproc=ss started in 1965 when the Philippine A*=ff Energy f*&fssion IIIA - } ,
. . p. .g, *
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; . . . . . ..
,8 .
. . . . .. -u .- .
. (PAm) . w1eh the assistance of '.'an'. advisory pansi -
e ta of the International Atomic Energy of w , Asescy (IAEA), considered several candidata mitas , whi&h included Bagac and Limay in Bataan paninsula,' , and Acimonan and Padre Burgos'in Quezon province.
. . . 1 Two other candidate sitss, .af 8 sit, San Juan in ,
-t
. Batangas and Ternata in Cavitalvera later included in to evaluation. Even as of .that time, it was - '
..l. L
. consid= red that thc most critical and iWhant . 8 paraumatar in the selection of ,the ' site. for a nuclear -
plant in I.uzon was the questioE of seis:sicity. c't . the candidata sites mentioned,.ithe - Bagac area was rated as the most f avorable.' o
'it was, howevere re-Wad that affects should 'Se' undertaken to rssN1ve .its remaining saismological uncertainties - -
.- and that further studies be made on the matter of -
geo:.ogic fsulting potential and volcanism.
- 1 In September, 1974, the National Power'Cor- .
poration (NPC) engaged the services of EBASCO .
~ SEWICES 'INC. of New York, U.S A. for the lattar to provide consulting services associated.with ,
the siting of the Bataan Nuclear Plant. Based on the report of pricr 1Nestigatidens, the sagac area was detarmised by ESASCO to be. the most desirable, and si.x specific sitas in the said area vers 1?.
.IIIA .e
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^
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s s . . . - . .
, w , .
. . . g sufjected to a siting analysiar. ,cn'the basis
. af the seversi factors' considered in said sittag , ,
inisatigation Napot Point was adjudged to be . . the most acceptable. - At the time "apot Poi 5t.1 ts definitely : chcsen to be the plant site, 'the development of , , the housing a=sa naar the town of Bagac, scata
.. . f, 19 k:ss. away by road frem Rapot Point was well underway. This was because original site .
was intended to be at a place flocated ~near the
*N .
town of Bagac, but it was latinc *
=h=ahned due to its being vulnerable to f.loods and high tida. the ,
housing arma of the personnel. to man and operate
- the plant la accordingly situarted scene 19 k:ss.
. . a.
, away by road frc.m the pl' ant. site itself.
A.3 THE ISSUES INVOLV2D IM CUESTICNS - Nos. 5, o cund 7 , ,
* ,i.
, ,. 7 .,
As stated earlier, the pr1ncipal issue ,
. r= W by Questions No. 5,.6 and 7 of Lor No.'
.876 is. on the affact of ea. as on.the
.- nuc lear plant in Napot Point.
- Earthqnahn . .
being of varying intensities and magnitudes.. - , Question No. S postuistes an .m .. hquaka of 7.2.
~
*irtensity" (should be 'magnituda") on the Richter
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h.- i . sca La or similar to the one that' hit Mindanao
- s. +1n, hoe = al -
. .. in aoyu.t ., 1 m . .
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- legedly designed to withstand % shock of the 1argest possible earthquaka that can affect , _
- Napot Point, the 1saue arisesE,'as to whether .
the danign value aJ, M ~in th,m.const=uction of the plant was adequata Mhh to withstand . - It being an the effect of such'an carth. . t. . . ad:sitted f act that earthq"aw., are generally r . , f. produced by the movement of the earth crust in l ; geological features known as faults, it further 2 .>,
- l hec lomes necessary to inquirs'tehether there are i " i ,*
faults at or near the plant' which are. active or i ca< pable of producing large magnitude earthque%s, .
. It being also achmitted that earthquaka may occur ,
on any area unrelated to a....c . known fault, in which case it iM callad a .* floating' on randes* earth-l Is there a quaks, ' the further question 112- - r . l
. passibility of a large magnitude random earth-ew. . '
ake to occur at or near the plant atta? The qu qt, estics of tidal waves or tsunamis is int.f.zataly .
. 1 -
re lated to the presence of fstilts and occurrene.s J od! earthquakes; they being usually generated by earthquake activity.
. . r.
.;t is also nrv'anied thEklea.%akes -
can
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% caused by volcanic eruption. Aside freus.such, ,
an earthquake, it is further conceded that.a vol-
"' card.c avant can cause ground shaking, tilting, ,
as well' as othed volcanic hazards, such as, lava ., flew, andf2cw, lahars, and ashfall. h 9
- We accordisq1y formula.to the underlying iss uns raised by Questions Nos. 5, 6 and 7 in ,
the folicwing manner: . s i . s - (1) Is the "occurence of "a large earth-quake of at least 7.'2 magnitude on ' the Richtar scale a credible event at or near the plant' site, whether associated with a fault or not, and if so, how wenid'it affect the
- Plant? - . .- --,{-
(2) In the affi:=ative case,'would the , seismic design of the plant be suffi-cient to withscand the effect of -
- such an earthquaka?e
~ -
(3) Is there any possib'ility or proba=
- bility of volcanic sruption fresa either Mt. Natih or 2f.t. Marivales;*
. and, if so, what wcnald be its .
_- effact on the plant?
- t .
. (4) If a tidal wave or tsunami caused by an carthquake similar to. the ~
one that hit Mindanao in August, " 1977 would occur at Napot Point, can the plant withstand its effects?
. . .A.4 THE POST" IONS TAKEN.BY "HE PAR *IZS-PARTICIPAN"5 -
All the major parties-participants that
~
.- appeared before the Cce.=1ssion s"'
- 4 ttad post-
- g I2 ;a. ..
. 7
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;
g
. . . y. . ,
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vol<-aM == . namely, the National PCwer Corpora-the ticaandtisconsnitantESASCO[ServicesInc.r Phi.Lippine Atomic Energy , Commission (PAEC); , Wes':inghouses the Commission on volcanology . s . l
.(CCMVOL) s, ,the Philippine. Atmospheric Coophysical - .
and Astronomical Service 7Mnistration (PAGASA); tne sureau or Miness - une Tattada ransar i::= s.sr.aan
. 's Chapter of the Integrated Bar of.the philippines ,
,3 Panely and the National' Society for Seismo. logy .
and Earthquaka Engineering of the Philippines . (NS,5EEP). The said parties -pa:iticipants toc 0c well-
. . - t '
def Ened posi't:sSar'isti the aforementioned issues. They may be roughly classified',into two groups:
- oce , responding to the said : . . , . . .
1/, r. sanner to allay fears frem earthqmw a5d E. volcanic eruptiens. . (wh ch we shall hereinafter refer to as the. Pro-- I ponents); and the other, contending the exis't nce -
,.. of the hazards arising fress wei:thquakes and vol-
- canAc 5ctivity that. can "serfeusly' affect the planc and cause nuclear accidents (pch.weshallhere-inafter refer to as the cppositors). The p_m po-
?
l nents include the Nations 1 Power Corporaticft, Ebanlco, Westinghouse and pAEC.! The oppositors ara t ccmposed of the TaAada panel, . the Bataan panel, . and the NSSEEP. The rese of ,the partied that
...+
s. act:1vely participated in the issues of seisreicity n u - r;.. .n
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and vole =M==. n-1y," Bu.reau .hf Mines, 'COMvon and PAGASA, have t2.kan a neutral attitude and . the::. views were selectively Mf_obted by the pro-
- t.
porsents and the oppositors innefar as they appear F
. to. be consistant with their own respective post- -
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- a. Tur stun or Tsz PacPenna .
- I 3.1 On Seismicitk .
w- k. . t. The proponents' position.pn seismicity was
.L defaad=d ma4a1y by EBASCO which was the consult-
- ing firm that gave the go-stM for the siting
.of the plant at'Napot Point. The ' rest of the pro- .
ponents rely principally on E3ASCO's view on the - ~ I question of seismicity. . l .
. . r.
In brief, the proponents.'!contand that a Largo,
- nagnitude earthquake, or specifically one with a magnitude higher than 7 on theR.' Richter scals, is an c.nlikely event in Napet Point. . They base ch.is
- comel=sion maixily on the z.asumption that there ,
are no active faults frers which such aarthquakas- . can originate which are close enough to taa plant site. They advert to the fasti that Jiataan is .. .. ' locsted in the area called '"C."iirTRAL LU ow Tzc-l TONIC PRCVINCE*, a tectenic,, plate bounded en the
., nor th and east by 'SE PS.ilipp15e Paulf. which. lles
.- somewhere north of Pangasinan going southeastward, l
towards the alcol peninsular. en the west by the ' I so alled ' MANILA TR2NCH* located about a 100-)ca. . was b of :ambales and Batman peninsular and on . the south by the Taal Fracturs Zone which cuts
.>-..{. .
*IIIB - I' ."' .
e- . g
.. g. . . . .p-, .:.-
t 1
-l
.. * * ?- 2-
- 4. .
fram the northwestern tip of' Mindoro going r, rth- . Using ea: stward until it joins the Philippine Fault. as ' basis the lengths of Uie~ aiLid fau.lts, .and assuming th e 'rupturn of the same to',beU40% which is consi- , da ted conservative enough,' is is a.rgued that the hi ghest calculated earthquakeimagnitude fross said , 4 ' fa , tits could only be 7.9, and this is ther one , The Manila orLginating from the Manila ph. . Trsuch being the vest boun'd$ h of the tectonic - plata known as the centra 2, tusen Tactonic Province; it has a subducting zone t$at.- oes beneath Br.6.aan Pertinsula, at an, angle es # ed ti:o be around 45
\
- , < m .. . : ;+.: .i .:t . -=>= of magnitude 8 degrees 'D.C- . - - . A s.. h..:M. ,.
ed the subdudting zone, .and
- ,-.;.
&pkf,g into account .
that fact that the nearest difstance of the subduc*J- .. ., inlg zone to the plant sits'is,'abcut 70 k.ilometers, ' maximum hori ental acceleh ation that can be e produced by such an earthquaNr at Napot Poi $t was ra ted only as 0.359 Thfs.is! what is known as the -
~
. . f.
danign value- of the plant.or ,%h. s, e
- safe shutdown '
l earthquaka" O@i which is supposed to mean the kind of earthquake that cou14. .s permit the plant i 3.- to be shutdown without dangee of causing an acel-
. dent.) If t .ere will b[ a mercemant on a 6'00-los.
I segment of the Philippine 7ault, and the same 'will III5 - 2 ~/. . . h
' o
* . t.p'.* .
- i
. , j .. . 4 r , . .
I w -
. .4.. .
f.,.... . 7 .
~'.*.?f'h . . y *.
produce"an earthquaka with a_.: 4magni,tude of 8.4, , , its effect at Napot Point wouN only produce . an accalaration value of 0.189, inar.nuch' as the , nearest distance to the site of the Philippine - 1..
. Fau.:,2 is 1GO kae away. Wik
....h so.s.pect to earth.:-
- L.
quaJme that may be gecerated f=ca t$e othar
~
.P .. .
known fanits withis the Cantral Lu=on Tectonic i . Province, such.as,' the Iba F1acture zone, the '
. .. .i.. .
San Antonio Fracturs sone add the Manila ',ay .
.s..... ,.
, il .
. Frace soned.as well tbs.as east Luzon Trecgh,
.i.
it J s not deemed. probable that thay would be of ~ . Y
. . e.ffd cient magnitude in view of-- their short
.f laniths, such that, even if a Jc0% rupture is ,' .
.y..
assu:aad in those faults, the acceleration va.lue at .,he plant Nuld be 1ase M#d.35g.
~
Although, , theolretically, the West Luzon Trough (situated - 30 kms. west of Napot Point) c'an p=oduce an 3 - magmitude eart W h , so.2 eveat. would only be ' l ~...s.- .
- possible if there would be a'100% or total wwe .
i :. . . . . . .
. :,' of the entira length of said,fanit, which is.
l dec:ned unlikely. ; .
. The proponents' discount' the possibility of 1arge magnitude randers or fT4Q~;' earthquakes
. i-l .
at or near the plant sita, it being alleged. ,by - s . them that all the s!.gnificant earthquakem *Jzat " .
. t .
- p=.3 - 3 -
...z .- nis .5-.~ ~
. ... c,. -. m ' ~< f . .?....',..;.
- i _,
--a-.E C .
}'** .
L :......--
- . a 1 *.,
., j .
have affneted the area were traceable ,g. . to one of
. - i.
- the afcrementioned known active ;.
fmults. The pro-ponents further contend that' a study of the - l , eatalogues prepared by local experts, as well as
'.- I .
indornation os earthquake datst ccm: piled by the $ U.s . wa* h=*1 oceanic and' Atmospheric ? M M etra- ' . tien, would abow that, histor.thally, only one . , earhts.saka was recorded to have been , felt exclu- -
, eively in Sataan and it was & ;1ight intensity ' = .
- eszthquake of short duration .tocated at Balanga .
wh.1,ch occ tzredon August 9,1MI at 1:00 A.M.
.' . '..+.
Proponents point out that, although the design
- t. .
- vaLas of the ss2 assigned "to the n = *'m = Nuclear Plant .
was only 0.35g, Westinghouse designed the plant on the basis of 0.4g 552 s.s a , measure of conserva - tism and added safety factor. , It la clained that
. no earthquake can occur at the sita or be felt ,
' ~
therein thaa could produce an, acceleration value . h1 rher than o.359 . 1. 4
~. . . .
- n -
on volm4=n. H .,.. .- . ; 5.2 .! - * . m .
~.- .
. . m..
_p -
,Feepc c..ts give thg' assurshca ~ that theru in ,
. no threat to the safety of. the, -F plant arising fres the presence of nearby volcanoes, particularly x . Natih which is just 9 2na:. away f.cm the pinnt site. It is c1=# M that Mt. Nat15, aa
. ,p .
3 e .
.I1-ll3- -s4 .
- . ...; . , ,
* - .: r ; - =.+ ~ .
;
6 i
.;
. ,- +.
. - - :t .
- s. .
, ,. . ; ,
< Q .4k %..
wel L as Mt. Martvelas7 a M aiready. extinct, their largo . act.Lvity, as determined $ry the' age of the volcanic e roc;cs in the vicinity being oveir 70,000 years ago, ,
. It.'tas further opined by E3ASCQ that shculd there . . . . .
c be <my activity of Mt. Natib or. Mt. Martvelas, such are tt'ons would occur o'nly"6d he eastern flank; , 3 of Sataan Peninsula, there being, no historical ,. . avidence of any activity on the westa.n flank for l It' g. yd'ir further clai:ned that,. severs 1 hundred years
}
- even if Mt. Natib shall erupt. ,,the plant would 4 c.:::t . . . .
not be affected by rec 3c probed.11es nor by lava - .
- ficar because of the distancia; _sor of mudflow and lah,Lr because of the natural harriers that would
- 8 protect the plant site frcus, ths sames and that ,
1
.i .
with respect to ashfall, it,1.s.not expected that
- .: . . 1.. .
l .
. it irculd be 7f such intenst.ty ~cr . thick:namn as to- ,.
damage the plant. [
.. :.5 . :
= M .
n.3 ' on Tsunaamis .- ,
. Proponents. allege.that, even if a ta m '=f
. , . . n.. , .
.' sianlar to the'*casFesused by the earthquake in -
M1.~P=m of' August,1977 shall, occur at Napot ' , Poiat, the same would not damage the plant.
. Ms.l is beesuse the plant s1'es';is 19 meters above ,
. . . -4 ,,
sea level, and the records shcw that the tsunami produced by the Mindanao earthquake had been esti-
*W
_ ., 4.: .
. .~.?MS : 5
..-:.u..
~~
. . ;
-. = *-u. -..>== .
s . .
. a. g.
- n. .
.s
. . I. ..
+ .
e.m . . . mated as havii...ng' m f=nm bei i ~ of between 7 to ,
- g. .
17 meters only. . ;. .
. f.. .
. sg . .
.t
. p.
. .. 't .
s .. , . ...
.. . i .. .
. i . .
..<. . . . .., t.. .
. a. . _. .
-.w..
.u .
~ . . .
f .
. . .z. . .
.m. .
4 . e , III.3 - 6 .
*r
.O
. g e
. . .t. .
.. 7. ., . . .
.. e .. .
u ..* . . .-
- - - .i . .
. 6
_ . .=,,,.
. . 7. .
, . .g .
,. + , , *. . . .
, j .
.. .g ...
. q.-w.
. -;. .. . . .
' C. THE S*AND CF THE OPPOSITORS - -
I*- . C.1 on Seismicity ," .
. . ..W It is the contantici c3 & oppositors that lar;u magnitudie earthquakaa..~ css. occur at 'o= near -
-. .h . :
. the plant site. This conclusion is deduced. f=ca i
several factors, namely, (1) the. histcry of earth- - qua.ces in' Bataan shows thatr'.thA'.said province had-
~
, .&~ . . . -
besa hit by .several-large earthquakes in the pasty,, (2) there are several faults at or near the plant whii::h can cause larga magnituda. earthquakes, the ] existence ,of scee of which are[ admitted by the ', l proponents, while the others he've not been sub- t
~
jacued to sufdicient invest:fgaM. s .on to M .f7 whe-
..- r.-
ther or not' they are faults orj.whether they are . seislmogenic faults: (3) the coeurance of rww
.. or, dioat.ing earthquakes. at or maar .
the plant - .
~s ito may not be sususarily dismissed due to the laeJ: of adequate study made on! the mattars -
t (4) .th.e. de. sign value or SSE of 'O.4g i.s c=roneous, i,n, adequa.te and. not.: .consarv. ative. .e.nough, the same having been derived. by consf h-tag minienA
- m . . . . . . . ,.
data and inappcicable facti::cs: , and (5) even if the earthquake t: hat can be felt at the plant sitei would not be large enough .to exceed the * - ssz, it can seriously damage the plant and itz.
- 22c - 1 .
,. . . p . .
e . . . , . . . 73. .e 4
.m e.
-e.e..e
t 4 15 I# ,. (~ -
. . ~ .2.=4
. a.
~~
. ,a.
~ de1Leate smochanism, especially: if the tremor is . .
of rustained duration, and thereby cause a nucisar
~Mant. - .
~v t .
On voldsnism C.2
.Oppositors expresses be view that Mt. Natib
" ~
- cor stitutas a constant threat'to the safety of nas '1sar plant at Napot Point. '.The said volcano .
l Oppo . I is not extinct or dead, .but maraly dor:nant ' sitors likewise disagree with the opinion cf ERAsco- . l that voimauactivity < frt:na the two volcanic cca- . plexast in Bataan Peninsula su[ caly occur in the . i - oant flank de away frcat Napet
- Point. ,
{ .e
- - . .. ; -
. \
C. ) on Tsunamis - - i .
- g. .
oppositors contand that even if the tidal
- waws that can hit the shoras of Mapot Point will no t: rise MWe than the 15-emear elevation of .
the plant site, a possible dangar arising freni q. a' tsunmai could arise in the' event of Stithdrawal* of thetidalwavetotheseanhwhicheventscu15 . azpose the pipes whleh are inicanded to draw ahnzt
. 20 million gallons of sea watam per minute as' .
~
part of the cooling system of the plant. -It sa . az gued, that, if tha said pipes. shall fail to drama ( va, tar, serious injury may result to the operatien , c:l' the plant. ,
.- NIC = 2 '-
v q. [
.:t-
..&;a ..
D. THf f ETDENCE PRZ5ESr"25 SY Ttm
~'
PARTIES ,.
- l. .
> . . ,e. . ~
~
, D.1 .on seismicity -
e The safety of the plant site, from the point of v Law of saismicity, has been the i pekme concars of a,L1 of those involved is the; said project sur since its inception. The IAEA Siting Mission, whic had been requested by PAEC to conduct a feas ility study for a nucisar; plant is Luzon,. 1 had$tzprar 4ed de view ht *2e met important ' and i:risical parameter in the siting and design of tJte nuclear plar.t in Luzon vds seismicity" ' I (Exhibit 16-NPC, p.3) . The said Siting Missice,
- further observed "that it couldbe prudent to ,'
I consider possible ground failuras in the conclu-- sion of a nuclear power plant unless investiga- , . tional. are carries out whose ranults would exclude - '
- r. . .
~
this danger" (Zhid, p. 5) }
. The' subsequent feasthility study w and ,
i by the Siting Mission, as conducted by NPC-naMQ resultad ,in the ' choice of the. ahgae micrc-r--?M (which included Napot Point] . The said micro-l
- regica was considerad most favorable allagedly
} .
*because no faults had been fcund in that area .
desp te ongoing intsnsive inw.stigations in th~s .
,I22Df.. 1,
. : _g -
. . 2,
~ . .
r ~- . 4 .
}'N:.
9s-- ~- ..
~
91cLaity of Bagac; and that Bataan Peninsula
- has an area of ' low seismic activity in compar1.-
. . . :p . , . .
. son to other regiand._..is the y ppinas" (Ibid, .
pp. 17, 13).
. 'i .
t..
. su . .:. '
Not satisfied with said (f.ad*=r, PAEC re-
, .;
quasited the IAEA to send R Safety Mission to
- r-
- the Philippines to, review the yeological and 9eotechnical aspects of the. sita and its environ- ,
ment . Thia Mission visited the Philippines frca May 1 to 9, 1978 and met in Vienna fr:: a July 3 .
.h*.
to 7, 1978. In its Report (Document No. 12 15), the Safaty Mission sapressed the view that,
.5 ,
uposL a review of the data ecti+=4 w in the PSAR, ,
"certain of the postulated ==v' y earthqua.kas ,
shotid be more conservatively "intarpretad. It . , was opined that a magnitude,,.7.5, to 7.8 earthquaka
-r- .can ressenbely.-be postulates tp occur in the San Antcnio Fracture zone. A magn 11inda S earthquake can also be r==hty postniatund to occur directly.on the top of the subencting slab at its closest approach to the site in a depth of
. 50 to 70 kms... contrary to the;Tiew expressed.in.
9: . . the PSAR that a magnitude 7.9 avant can occur only at a distance of 100 kas., west of the site o r ,' approximately, where tho' Manila Trench is loca ted. It was further averred by the Safety I:23. 2 *
.....N,'
. . &.'.I '
s e . . .
. t.
. ,4- .
. ; . .w. ,
l Misston that a 7.5 magnitude om.rchquake could , reasonably be postulated to denied on the Manila . Say Fracture zone. It was acco.rdingly recem- .
== Med that additional work should be done to.
1 .Y de*==4as particularly the o.ccu.rence . A of the , postulated earthquake beneath the site on the - subducting slab of the Manila Tranch which goes beneath Bataan peninsula and which might control . the earthquake design basis for the plant. The Safety Mission disagrees with tihe opinion of . CO that a ficating' aarthquaka of a magni-
~
toda greater than 4.5 may not cs.*Er at the plant . , Bite ( At 9, . 4.?.2 .. ,; . :E,. Se Safety Miss4.on %-i-:p made reference to disce.asions with Dr. Er=esto Sonido, the PAEC . l ccm=1 tant on geology, who expressed the possi-hild, of a shore parallel fault system appro-l ximaltely 15 to 20 kne. offshors' the plant,'which , faul , in the opinion of the'. Safety Mission, - t
=hu be taken as a source of a invf=nn ea. th- ,
quakal in developing the seimsic design basis for the plant (Ibid, p. 61. .The Safisty Mission , observed out additional effort. should have been anda to study the micro-earthquakes in the region , r . as well as in the assessment of faults and over- . L all seismic riaks, citing as partic tlar examples
':u IIID .= 3 ;
3 . .- ,
~ .
5 1 n .
- v. . . . .*' . ..
., . i ,. u. .
=N bl inves'tigatdans of summs of the ifnames.
- ' the as well as +hamal springs in' the ' area. ,
Aftar' studying the IAE3. safety Mission Report - and its .==__ >=tions, several ocasultative meet ings isare held betwees FA3d and NPC regarding . the concerns expressed by the p aty Misaton. The issues were defined to.be on the vibratory
-i ground motion, randem shalicar ~serthquakes, and I
fourdation angineering as well as that concerning , volcanism. Evaluating the rastonses i of NPC on the concerns azpressed by the' Safety Mission, it ' was concluded that the said'cencerns had been . , sattsfactorily addressed by NPC and that PAEC r o. *
- fee:.s reasonably assured tdari: the 0.4g SSE value
. .;, . [ could be adangpaam .CDocument No112-C) . ,
The oc M ,e= - - of earthquakapthat will be feli; at the plant afte is not . disputed. It is a , generally known fact that t5e Philippines lies . in a region of high ,selmaicity, it 9'ag on the direct lina or the so-called "CXMwi-PACIFIC ' BAL% CF FI21* 1s'aich . bad beecLethis source cf des-i tructive'earthquaksrin the.'wese coast of Sout$ and NorthAnsart$s,NorthernbaNfic,' I Japan,and down to the Philippines. Dr. Alcarn,cf HPC has_ - (
~
opinled that, esistively speaking, the Philippinas m -4: ' *:.* E
!s *
' o -
. . g. ,
< . 1 e ~
.:{
w- .
. g.. g;, ~. .:7 .
-aus the higheas~hdIty among{the ten countries
~
m . r14 m t .i.it.d w a p . d in, the .L9th centu=y Otzhibit '36-Tanada) . The con- . trom arc [eonthispointiswhetherahighmagni- , tude earthquake can occur or be. :c fait at the plant site and damage the plane and its camponents,
~
desp Lte its having been designed to withstand an .. aart2 quake with a maxt:stma 5criscatal accalaration . . . f. It is the opposttarsP[positten that
- i .
'of 0.4g. . .
4
- as earthquake is a cred1 bis event dua to the such probable az1 stance of capabis faults near or.at the site, as well at the possibility of, earthquakee ,
' originating front a subduction slab just beneath the plant site, as well as the probability of
~
randem oir fL-4g earthauakas 'in the area of the . I sits. It is not denied that aar+ W s ars - generally generated by the mmrament of active fau2 and that'they can sino N' occasioned by *
. the E. .- >~t of a subduction slab. Neither is it d imputed that earthquakes may not be asso-cia ed with.any fault or tectoitic feature, in .
which event it is called a *randon* or 'floa+'7*
' ear J hquake. .
h oppositors danne to the claim of the , propenents that the only lar;<a 'magnittado earth- - \. quakes that can affect Bataan ......; pah=ula are ..
~ - .. . ; ..
IIID - 5 . a.
. s ..
.":: n-p - . , ,
- s. . . -
a ..
.q- q ..
thooe originaVing from the fauIts constituting - tha 2hias of. the CentrM, bu n Tectonic
.* .g . . .
Prtrrince, namely, the Philippias . Fault, the Man.Lla Trench, and'the Te.ar Yrseture sone. They
~
con".end that the other faults within the Central Landan Tectonic Provines, the s h esicity of , whi :h is minimized by the proydzeants, may $tist
' (
as well produce large earthqn n es, namely, the Iba Fracture tone, the San Antonio Fractura "one,. - . . and the Manila Bay Practurs Sons (Exhibit 3-NTC) . In addition, thers is a 40Nkilczneter fault running ne th to south along the' ecstarn part of Zambalse Mountain to M4-A m and passimT just 25 kza. asst , of.the plant sita. This fanit was not censidered at. all by ESASCO and is not amationed in the PSAR propared by it. Its existance is deduced frost
- 1 the pubi4ewad studies of Dr. Artum. Alcaras, femar l
head of ccMycL and who is'prssently a consultant . of WPC. In. the articia entitled "MMOR STICCTtDtAL ' , LI1 tES M T517EILIPPDutS* published in the FH LIP-PI:EE GZCIcGIST, issue of March 1947, Dr. Alcaras lilstad among ene said meJw. e ! t.uzal 1<-== w I I MM IS - . ad) #__
- +' ;y "I.ine E-E* on the map, Extribit 36-c-tadada. In -
6 thle same article, Dr. Alcazar stated that a major - s ctural line is one along 'which major diaspi. hie
. 2m - . . .
.. . ..,'c M. . T .'- : -
. s
' ~ ~
l. r
.- - ~~ : .
..- 4.r.. -:%.E,%y; - -. %
a u+- ~..+
.. ', ~ -
- e. -
i.o, i.ena 3.e.:==-sa.
- d. y. ret ocem
. and that .
the Philippinas is ' seismically active", having - expe rienced in the past both minor and destructed eart.hquakes and will do so in the future, the Phi: ,ippines being crisscrossed'by many planes of . weahnesses along which faultint,has occurred or . may occur, ,, With respect to the existence of faults at the plant sita itself'i the opposite:s advert en' the showing made by th's 2nraau?of Mines in its
- pos I. tion paper.(Document No.22f., which ravaaled the exiscance of three *H naammamts* traversing ,
- Napot Point. While it is t N 'that 14"**mants'
. -t, do 'rset necessarily show the.e.ciscance of an active a-
. fault, itissisoabdittedthayitisamanifesta-
~
ticas of such a fault. , This skicion is heightaned by a noticeshks.fisease in.a pc= tion of Napon Point .
- . m;. . : -. . : _ :. -
- idasstified satoutcrop *28, and 'a' *silickenrida" .
in 'si r' - identified da. Cintc=op *A" located just 100 meters from the planti sits. A *alickan-site
- man 1fests movement of t$ie pM and is tech- '
- 1 nicl ally a fault although, by itself, r =-t be coraidered an active fault that< can produce earth- .
. qua Ass. ,
Ballance was further placed by the oppositors { , on the position paper of the PAGASA . be. (Doc =nent'No. , IIID - 7 . g- - e o-
. ~ . ; .* , <
G P -
- i,.
,,.. s
- 20) which . listed 17 eszthqu'akes felt in Ntaan .
J. . since Movember 30, 1965 up tp, April 7,197C with -
... u .
intnosittas ranging from 4 to 10. 'Of the first 7 enlzthquakes listad, which had been rated with intansities of 8 to 10, the epicenters were not - identified nor the felt ihtsheity in sataan spe- ' ciff,ed due to the lack o'f instrumentation when 1 those earthquakaa 5 Incurred. 'Se isst F.0 earth-quaJr.as, the first of which was 3n 1937, had the I ' benefit of instnumantation and the corresponding
- l magnitudes at the epicantars were : .
stated, as well s as <:.h'eir affacts or intanalties. in Bataan. The . listing shows that the aarthqdaka in Alabat Island - , in 1937 with a magnitude of 7.5 on the Richter se&Las the Verda Island" earthquake of April 3 194 w1th a -Wtuda of 7.7. iuid the casign an . . . sarcquake of Auguist 2 1968 with a magnitude, of 7.3 gzeduced intensity 6 in'.Bataan Province, witJs respect to the earthquakaief Sep+*% 16, ' r
,./ ISS,t which affected Manila , Miacant proviness and was assigned Intensity 5, .the #~me produe.d .
in 3ataan was cm W A=rabla , Itr.,zuined the church and the pari e house of Crani .fwith the tower -
.s .
completely A-H =%d, and produced astensive _ I damage in the churches and parish houses of Abacay, v L.imly a and Balanga. ' A rsc.er2 af.the same sisc,
~ '
..: ..y IN - S
".... .=
~- -
. cfim4.t ' ..
revu aled that an' Island in schic Bay sunk as. . a result of that earthquake. ,
-emme us t.atinonies '6 ita rport wet- '
ases, x,. navia 2. u.d. and.a. zrn..t. v. - Sontdo, the oppositors sought to confir:a the , e:cintsnoen of geological featu'resj both cashore - and offshore Bataan Panfnaula,~which are indica-
~
t1ve of the procabla existance;of active faulta . at~ or near the plant sita. No definite conclusion , could, however, be dedr. :.ad 2 to the actuality of
}
those features being active or capable faults, such .
~
a6starisination bein4 only')cesibla~after's thi:rrough I and , extensive investitjation'.of.the matter which . ha4 not been.suff1,ciastly bean,inda=takan. y On the questior whether the plant at'its .-
. site could withstand an earthquoJr.s with a hort-acclaration f arce.of 0.49, the oppositors I
avail of the posit.ica papac' and the tastimony stvan
,by capt. Andres 0. Tison of the NSSEEP who expressed the view that the sita design valus is inaccurate and inadequata. His principal' reasons for this conclusion are that the maquitude of the eaM as f -
that can occur at the plant site is much higher I than the one utilised by the proponents in cal-culating the design valoe:I that the magnituda of
- IIID'- 9 9
t
* , e f i .
o i
;:
v .y.' - the pc.i.. lated earthquake is incorrect, ! a= =M . 1 . . as the MicManao earthquake of. August 1977 was of Mag tude B and not Magnituda 7:.2, in which case i
;
if the computation was based.ca. Magnitude 8, the
. . ;. ,
design value would at laaat'be ,0.85gr and that , , the foreta used in arriving air.t tSa design value of C .4g is inapplicable to the hilippines, it bei: q hased'on conditions
~
- =4da*+ng in Eastern ,
United states, instead of thess' ob" 4 fng in cali - I
- fortla and Japan which are more analogous to the ,
l Ph1J 1ppinas. Capt. Elaon further declared that 1 be 1svised a for:nula for arriving at the accalera-l tiori talue in colloboration with 1tri Sergid Su of . the Manila observatory based on Philippines
- cond1=
s ,
! tions, pursuant to which, the design value or .safa -
l
- shutdown earthquaka (s52) would be much higher than
- i . .
0.49 . t , i . u . oppositors cits a M by four American authors
; . ent: .'tled "G2CIlXIICAI. HAEARDS* to ahow that weak, ! =~ 1=%n is not'.necessarily:deWant on the ,
magnitude of the aarthqua',ce, ,as exammlified in , the 1972 earthquaka in the San Andreas fault JCali-for:sta) , which had a magnituda of only 4.7 but , yie lded a ground acesleration of 0.69g.10 k:na. I frca the sourcup and by the earthquake in Arizona,- . Ita y with a magnitude of 4.5 but gave a reco5ded -
, ,....,. 'g '. 2 =:r 10 - -
e
8
'. ; ..
" peak acceleration of 0.69 (Mf 5b 67, 47-E, ,
\ .
Ta5ada) . It was further pointed' or.t that in , estimating the design earthquake.value, it is not enous a to consider maximum accelbration alone, but a Lao the duration of strong @^4my (Ibidl.
'the c:sputations nada by the proponents on the -
design value do not appear to have taken into account the duration of earthquakas felt in '-
- l -
Bataan, such factor not having been -
-4M in any .o:' the catalogues of esethqualas in tha
. Philippines presented before the f*-4=alen. . .
As against the claim of the'preponents that actaan is *ase4 == L " and that no . . lasge,"ecorded r i earthquaks had its epicentar in the said province, the o positors presented a map prepared by the offica of the International Decade of Conan Explcra= tions of the National Science Foundation (1978)
. c.
of the geophysical aspects of the' East and South-l : east Asian seas (Exhibit 55-Tanada) which shows among :others, that an ea=+W had been recorded
. ;
to be with its epicentar in Bataan peninsula, 2xhi=
' hit 50-A-Tanada.' This was confiammi in anothel * -
amp presented by. Dr. J5caido (h*11h4t 63-Tanada) , which shows' f.hes'a$iE" earthquake epicenter in - Bataar; peninsula to be with magnf,tude of between , 4.5 to S.S. with, a depth of 70 to 150 k:ss. , mD-h
I
~
/
Atty. Jat:me Guerrero of the Bataan chapter ' of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, one of the oppositors, declared' that when he acccmpanied
- Day 1d J. I.eads to Napot Point on August 15, 1379 in the company of some officials of the NPC, he not: .ced several disturbing features about the There sitability of the ground. in the site area.
I ceing a typhoon on that day, thers vers several A one-I landslides which caused some fatalities.
- r be are land in sagac sank.by raasen cd an ear *h quake'that hit Morong on August 10, 1979. Napot Po t itself was isolated due to the road leading to it having been washed awaye -="=4mr a 20-meter *
' chan which the party of Atty. Guerraro had to cross l by going up and down stdff cliffs. He .
fur lthec declared that Grande Island in Subio Bay l
- I whbchusedtobeveryciceedtothemainlandand cci ald be r* mand by wading carabaos is new about a k11cessar away frem the mainland.
I The seismicity of the plant site is sought to be belittled by the proponents by shcwing that E.SASCO conducted an axtensive investigation of st a site arsa, which investigation resulted in the . finding that no cm.pable fault exists at or I near Napot Point. It was ackscwledged that they II23 - 12 .
i , / f f .
~
.s
. r. .
*-: y. .
. - - - .... _ .. g . _ .
. se, -
.. . assoountered signs of possible faulting and, for this esason, to ascertain ' the actudlity of such -
,4
. possibility, several tranches e dug as well as ottwr procedures adopted, all of."which failed to
- 3..'
show the existance of a e= M ,P fault at the . plant site. The burden of the pr'oponents' evi- . dances on the probable occurrence of a large - _
,c earth lquaka that cocid seriously affect the plant cpinica which.'tanded to show
. consists in ,-
that such an event is improbablesand incredible. ' It la theerized by the proponents that large w
- earthquakes could only occur cin tha k=wnm capable ,
.- l P faults which lie on the had=7 of the central-I I4tzen Toctonic Province and whtich are far enough, such that the effectz of such earthe'=k==.at the plant sits would already be clearly reducedt that if e .hquakes occur outside of .the central Iazan Tactanic Provinee', their force would be attannated
,. .~ .. .= ,
upon reaching the aforamentidnad.bo=2M =d ess' that
~
~ ' .' -
ut:11a. ee.6s :say be ph. in the =Nr faults 1ccated within the tactenic ' province, they are , t expected. to be of a magn.itada that corald . Samage the plant with its design values and that
.s . . -
the probabilltf of floating or randcas earthquakas .
. on tie site area or in a nesrby regica is rameta, ,
,. :. . . monsJ dering the history of earthquakes in Bataan I12D - 1.3
. . ~ .-
. m..
. i
;-af ==ulawhichshowedthatalljefthelarge ,
. eart1 quakes that affected Bataan c6uld be assigned -
l to ofse of the known capable faulta surrounding t'4 *
. I.uso s Tactonic Province. -
D.2 on vocanism e
. 4 .
The oppositors presented no evidence of their
. own on the possible danger arising frcnt the pro-
- sence of volcanoes naar Napot PE.Lat. They rely -
l
==faiy on the fia**==a's expresE A by CCNYCL that
- it 'nhares the view of the rAri Safety Mission that the danger posed by * ' a ranewed volcanic activity of Mt. Natib voiranic complex exists" (Document No. 17) . k,- ,
As against the clads of 23ASCO that any , volcanic activity in the peninsula would onif , , I be on the east flank of Mt. Natib, . or away f= cat , 1 " the plant, CONVOL expressed the belief "that . i erup1 ten form any of tha et~aie complexes in ,
, the axes is possible act only from the presently observed craters and vents, but ,vh.rtually from ,
l any point in the pesinnula, Bata'an having for:ned by the coalition of two der:sant ,volca-* - Mt.
~ ' '
Natib and Mt. Marivelas*. - Further reliance is placed by tie cypesitors CD - 14 ,
- e s.. .; s. , ~ . - ,
t , f j .
; .
~
es @ e IAZA 5 kty Mission MpGzt. (Document No. ' 12-3) which made the observation that the irapot l sito 1s " unique" to the nuclear industry with
. . respect to risks associated wit.h volcanoes, it .
being the only nucisar power. Diant located 9 kna.
- l. -
and that;the only modern away frca a volcamor noci,sar plant which had been deisigned to account' for volcanic eruption being the Pebble Springs P1artt in tha' .+.. -United States locatad 123 kne. from the naarmat volcano. While the Mission chserved that E3ASCO'hed'done a credif2h'Im work in the , inn stigation of the voir maf =nt issue, it also . believes that there is still a' great deal of ( - uncertainty as to the renewed volcanic activity
. l of Mt. Nat1h, and that tha fousertion of a new I
volcanic cantar on the vest flank of Mt. Natib l . is tot considered to be incraddble. It was con-t cluded by the Mission that the hama@ associated with such as eruptica, such as,. ashfall, inspect of vol-= f - eject lw, flow of av=1 =arh==, everflowing
~
gas, ash emissions and gas ace"=rt1ation, as well as laharie.ned2WWM ,,; . 4 - be dakaum into account. . The ep M ~ tors, through the tastimony of s . .
. Atty. Coerrero, also showed that a ther:nal spring lies at' the fcct; of Mt. Natib which, as ad:sittad s_ .
22:3 15 .
. i. .
by c:3tvcL, is a sign that th's sa'id volcano is not .
. extimet. The existance of said the'rmal ' spring has also been notad by, the IAEA Safoty Mi.ssion ,
} .-
Aaport and the PSAR. .
. ;
The danger posed by W -= 4-g does not seema , i to be denied by the proponents. 'In the Psam, ,
, , it was stated that over two do'seh volcanic , -
l cantars had been identified wi+5's the boundarias ~ - of Caatral Luzon Tectonic P: 3vind:n. However, it , is claimed that, azcapt for Taal Sanahaw, and . m San C$1stnbal,.all ar1 inactive kacl"A* ag Mt. Eatib ,
. . and Ma. ?:arivales. IR. La further claimed t. hat, .
t
$udginlg by the av==1mation of the,samp. led volcanic
! i-products in the ragica, it is theorized that 12 -
any volcanic eruption vill cccur .in Sataan penin-- , e sula, it will be towards the eastern side, or
, . farther away feca Napet Point whi5h is on the west
- coast of sataan Peninsula.
It is admitted, however, that." kin view of the peczialty of' the Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Martveles and Mt. Nat'Ab val bc cuasuplear.as to '
.'the si ta, and the volcanic activi~ty at Taal, the .
I pctantial effects of possible volcanic activity ,
- anzst tie considered" (PSAR, vol. 3, p. 2.5.1-38) . . ,
Althoulgh it is admitted that earthquake can be .
'j .
caused by volcanic eruption, it is c1= N that . n , IIID 16
- e *
. . s.
. . o.y 1
.. 9 ' . I 8
- they are ruim*dW amall not avMfM magnitudes 4 t: 5, and would affect only a 11altad arme.- ,t_. .
I
- - ids > concluded 'that volcanic earthquakes are un.likely
% g -- - - _ _ _ . . _ _ - . . . . . - . _ . .
to 15e. 'a hamseds (Ibid, p. 2.5.1-41) . p.' .
.......:8. ..
.}. . , 0. 3 Sn Tsne =4= . a
.;.
. ,.-{. .p.9 41,s The proponents presented evd>"a_n N to show that _
the h Lghest tsunaal produced by, the August, 1977 ., , M1 M= ~ eerthquake did net reach a level equiva= . . lent to 13 matar above usan sea' level which is the elevation of the plant sita. . Photographs wars .
.. - prassated to show that houses of 'dght materia 1= ,
l . 2 cated along the s.ashores affect.d by tae.tsdas . l wave were not seriously damaged by the same. the , l . oppositars falled to presant any proof that could . . show <: hat the tsuna=1 produced by an earthquake , near Bataan can affect the plant %4 its stated * - elevadon. Nor was any eveldence presented to sus-tain 1:he fear that the withdrawal of the tidal . wave would f=na h the funct4 = dag of the pipes ., I laid out in the sea to draw water therefrem as - part of the plant cooling systare.' , ,
= . ,
W=" *
~ , . IIID - 17
i . k
. p.
.y3.;. i : ...=*2.[ '
E. DISCUSSTON OF "RE EvtDENc3 *
' I,,1 Ots Seismicity
.. ~
The concarn voiced by the oppositors as to , the safaty of the plant situ ham' evoked the need for a ,noticulous 'inqu1ry into 'tasi e?=11ty of
-v .
the hazards posed earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and ts<anants on the plant site. The Commsission was *
;
confresated by a : mass of evidence,;both testimccial .' and doc l umentary, which, quits .ecpectedly, are es cuantra ctory as the positions taken by the pro-I - poo.ntm and the oppositors vt .any au the ,
~ .. *
. . a u . ..
questiens saked in LCZ No.' 875. M ons expert. puts in, the whole enestion befim deem en er w of
~
- credib.:11tv. l - '
The oppositors maintain that the plant can be ser:.ously affacted by a large earthquake with
. r .
. a magudtude of 7 er 3 on the Richter scale that I
can occruz at the plant site.. This clain la dia-
. pated by the proponents for the reasca that their
{
- studiesi. and investigations have failed to reveal ,
the extstence of a seismogenic fault within 10 kam. l of Napot Point from which such an earthquaka -can origina to, and there is no hista.i. of. even a , 22:3 - 1 . j -
. . . w. . .-
^ " "; "s *
~
. .. t
- . . ;
- w. '
. ; t--
l . mediusr-sized earthquake that had . occurred in the , area. The root question has become .a detemM-z.BT tion of whether or not there.are.aetive faults 3 close ' encuch to the plant alte ficat which a . larm inacnitude earthquake can bet produced.
. t
, ... y ,. .
There is no issue as to the existence of the , faults which had been identified.and admitted'by I both parties, to wit, the Philippine Fault, the . Min 11a Trench, and the Taal Fracture Ecne which const tute the boundaries cf the tactonic plate .
- known as the "Cantral Lnzen Tectonic Province".
Within the said tactonic plata, the preponents ,
>::- admit the existenes of other,f,asd~ts, known as the Iba Fracture Zone, the San Antonic Fracture kne..
the la Bay rasatsre zone, and the West Laison
. ~
Trougla. ?rcponents,. however, cc5tand that, con-1 _ sidering the distance of the,said... faults to Napot j . ,
~
- Point,.the nearset M efiE:dt is a6 cut 30 kms. away, -
~, - x ..
and the short lengths of the same, it is not . -
,.imaginled that they could produced large mac3nitude I
.aarthquakes to_sericualy affect.- the plant sita. . .
The appositors, on the other head, haveg
.- - epined that, in addition to the faulf.s mentioned above , there ars still unknown faults at the plant III2i - 2 .
- dp i
;
+- -
. a ,g.:... ; y: *
= . .
G .
6 . : T 1 g .
; *
.s.
..p.
site [ lose to the same which eenid be th e -
. poter#ial source of large earthquakes. .
, , i- -
. .~> #. .... .
The presence of visible. manifestations of . geolomical features which could be signs of the , f existance of a fault has been, admitted by the - l . swyvuonts. EBASCO had accordingly conducted an l
===4Mtion not. only of the km wn faults but also of thle postulated ones and the lineaman_ts within .
l
- a radius of 200 kms. frca the plant site. They l
*1 dant *1fied the linear features by landsat laagery, aerial photography and by other sophiacated methods, aftst which, field investigations conaisting of mappiaq, trenching, exploratory borings and other l The *z;esult of said procedures weru. conducted. .
.es=' na* dan. is reflected in sekral volumes..of the . .
PSAR. The study came up with the conclusion that there are no active faults withih 10 1cas, fr .m the plane. site. , ,
. On the questien of the ' existence of the
. postulated faut.ts, the Cermuission sees no convin-cinq proof to warrant a cateocrieal findine. .
' ~
The itopuldzerslyrelyongeolcgical featuras which could be a manifestation of the. existence of a fault, such .a's, lineaments and slichensides. It is conceded, hcvever, that .
.. . c'. .
IIIB ,3 .
. . : a, a." .. .
t c - .
- .a .
. c.
i- . . ..
. they are not neessaarily 1M'c=*#ve -
of the ' exist-
~
~
ence of fanita, sruch less os ~aN.ive or seisamlogic , faults, unissa proper investigation and analysis shall have been coMnet' d to s *y their true
. i .. .
nature. Such study has not beian undertaken by . . any of the oppositors. On the other hand, a vari.fication of the supposed faults had been 1 done by EEA.BCO for a pericd of about two years .
. has involved six U.S. geologises and an ,
number of Philippine counterpart geologists. . g
. Between one who merely susW=- or postulates, and another who had actua1Iy veriflind the existance or -
6 .-
. non .existance of the supeosed faults, the choice - -
.g is not hard to ==> .
~ ~ ~
oppositorscapitaliza on the showing sada by
. the Burman of Jtineec.as .to,the existance of certain j 'lineamants* a't Napot Point ,as' de+=M"*A by l .. .
satellita pho % = A . A photo:. 14n- - t is said to 'any line on aartal' photographs that is stw. - - l turad.ly controlled, including any al.ig= ment of . l separata photographic images, such as, stream beds, l ' trees or bush'~s e that are ao Nntrolled*. The
'l investigations and analysis of oald lineamenta had .
I s beeni previously undeftaken by ESASCO and the . l result of such study is contafi:ad in the PSE4.
. ; .. .
f . Q x. c.w ?.kr.M .
;
j zm - 4
;.
~
~~- -
%e su:rsau of Mines, bene,ver,(zalled attention ,
to two other geological features which could L . -a ..
be imlications of fan 1 ting, which it had iden
' , tifisct as outcrop "A* and oute. op *B* in separate-placen at Napot Point whers a fissure and a slickunaide had 'been noticed, 'raspectively. To verify thier' true nature, a field inspection was conducted by PAEC and NPC-ESASCO. In their doint .
report , it was stated that neither of tho two . outererps could be censidered a saiamogende or , tectord.c fauler they being very s'inali in size and do not: continua at depth. Mr. D4Nid J. Leeda', -
". . .s.
. . p, . w.e "mpert wtha== presented by the oppositors who also inspected the said featursa ,during his visit to Nasot Point, -has admittad in tila maaorandum ,
that neither of the two outcrops appem=s to be I a seismic threat to the,, site. .
~
- v. .
' ' y- . .. ; , ,
'With respect to the 'l ins =mant ce structural ,
. . . . . . t. .
line d '-h m-sesculaton-by-nr. '11~~as in his paper published .in 1947 and identir.ed by h1ra , as Line "H-E" strating frca Lipga*/ m Culf going . . l southawt on the eastern fla:Oc of. n=ha7es Moun-
' c . .
tain to Cavita, Satangas, Minders'and up to Tablas Island, it had been explained by Dr. - Alcaras that his further st$dib on the zacter . M . . M-5 -
~
~f g. .
. w.
- 9
n- y. . an t - convfneed hiz about the errof in his previous theory ( . ^ .:
. ragazding the same. Moreovar, said structural
~
line as postulated some 30 years ago when geo-> logists were unaware of the 'tranch system which would maka it impossible for such a struccaral line. to c=mse known faults, like the San Azitonio Frac-tore ne and the Manila Bay Fracture ' Sone. . , On the assumption that there are no known active faults at the plant aite,:the only possi-
.I bili l c- ' an earthquake located. thereat would be what is know as a " floating
- or 'randem" earth-
_uake. q No evidence was $rasented before the hdston to show that such a 3iind. of earthquaka - with a magnitude that can produca an accalaration higher than 0.4g has ever occurred at the sita. l Cn the,_cen_trary, all the large and medium-sized ,
- I earthquakas that had affected Bataan peninsula . ,
h lab sen.. ad t _as having originated frem one of trap
, the known faults aforamentioned..
Asaforestated,thelargeEtearthquakathat can occur from a,known active fault that can affect .
~
- the p Lant sita 'is thd ene originating fr:st the .
subduction acne of tM Manila.T=sach which, at . . . . i its nearest point, is 70 kas., balow Napot Point. . l ,. A magnitude 8 earthquaka from t.liis source has been -
% *g. .,
UU * $.. 1;
~'- * -
.. . s
;
~
~
postulated in the cesputation of the SSE. The
. earl & quakes that can originate from the other' .
fau[,tswillbeauchweakerashelt*at the plant site, either because of their distance or the reintiialy loor capability of the faulta of origin. , The possibil.ity of sazt.hquakes occurring at , or affecting the plart site does not necessarily
. meart that a nuclear power planti may not be ,
ceru tructed thereat. Thara are-severs 1 nuclear 1 . plarkts which had been estabLrshed in places where earthquakes are a ccm.cn occurrancs, such as these - in capan, Mexico, and California, U.S.A. What - matters is whether the plant is' designed to , , witfstand the effects of tha laigest possible marthquake that can occur at the plant site. A i nuclear poeter plant is supposad to be designed _ I . to vithste .d, among others, ' the pressures that can be produced by earthquakes. It As assigned . an earthquake design valua otherwise known as the . l i .
"5AFX satPTCWN EA.RTHQt2AX2" (533)y .which is said to te the kind of aanbquake that, would permit , ,
the plant to be shutdown without_ damage to its ,
. wg swat partir useit'in its normal operation.,
The peak accaleratica as the plant site was
.c .
determined by Z3ASCO to be 0.339 As an W M - ~
,; IIIZ - 7 .
. .g . ,, .
.r i.
I :
, ;;u., n. - - n--~=-- , - - - - . .
'-~* ~" ~~
- W:7;. w.. a~"="".
3-_.-:.~..---
'^~
u _ . .:. 7 .:-.. --~].$~~ ' -- -
.. . .. 5
[_^"iil" -- $ . .N 3. -- safety factor.' Westinghous*A-isased the desigra t - t .. value to 0.4g. The sufficisacy of this des 4=n - volo,e was sought to be questioned by the oppo- *
;
. si. toleswho claimed that.it shoul.d have been raised to at leas 0.65g. P e, difference of l
. opinion on this matter is due to the use of diff tformulasorattenuac1AncurvesLa arri r1=q 4t such andel~eration value. -The Comunis-
. ..i sionn has not bean suffied*T 17 convinced that
,,the acceleration value used in the design of the plan t. was not adequata or conservative enough, It i s an admitted fact that.by raising the design ,
l 3 valuu of the plant would man an additional out-lay ol f several tens of thousanda of dollara which . .
.,. ~ couliprovetotallyunnecessary[andwouldonlymaks the plant to be overdesigned. 1 There is no historical record of a significant 2 .
eart.bquake that had occurred in'Napot Point. The evidance presented by the partise would tend to - t show"that ene or two earthq"=y== had been opt -
. oastared in Bataan Province, buti they are of medituu mag tude estimated to be around 4.5 on the Richtar scale. The oppositors presanted a recorded adcount of anl eartixpsake that affected Manila and su==ound- .
ing provinces otr sept-hee 16,1852 which caused , III2 - 8 ,
* .- 5 t
. 3
. ..w .
. . ..;,. . . . .,.g . ,
. t. . . .. _ .
cumstrable dansage in Nnnf Tm .and, with respect . 1 .. .
. o the' province of Bataan).resu1*N if. the t .
1
. churches and parish houses of; Abacay, Limay ,
Mariveiss, and Balanga.to sustain b idarable i - damage, and in Zambales resulted in the sinking .
~
of a h1 in subic say. There was no account of the affect of the su earthquale in Morong -
.or in anl y other town in the western side of Bataan I
provinen. Neither was chora proof of the location. , of the ,picentar or the said earthquaka, apperently due to the lack of instamtation which did not - become kva11able in the Philippines until the ,
~
1 early years of the American occupation. Oppost , I
. tors further raly ca a map of' the.ihilipp h l .u prepa..a4 by Fathar"Thdara.Easo of the Phi.lippf.no' weather Bureau, published by the Bureau of Censum -
in 1904r showing the volcanone and seismic centars , in the 7h111ppinas, whersin it is indicated that
.antaan is in the region atare earthquakes were r
" wary f:,.equent*. The accuracy N this map is readily open to question in the light of subse quant f. Ladings that earthquaksa,in the Ph111ppinas had concentrated along the Phhippine Fault I
and other known faults. The said'any creatas - the sis.'sading impression that there were mars I earthqua):us in Bataan Provines than in the places mz
~
_9 - ; : -
,og;.;3 . ---
i, 1 . t -
. 1 .
8..
-traversed by the l'hilippine Fault. Even the map .
1
.identi fied by Dr. Ernesto Sonido of the U.P. Depart-ment o.t Geology, who was presented.as witness by .
the cp positors, shows that only che earthquake of magnitude 4.6 epi.c.e.n,.tkred in Sataan
;
penine'ala. ', '
. 3.2 o,1 volcanism .
The only unrsst posed by. volcanism is a . Possib Le eruption of Mt. Nati.S located just 9 * . kms f rom the plant sita. Initsferig1nalpost- , tion paper, the Ce aton on volcano.% had . expremiad the view that the danger posed by a - renewed volcanic activity of Mt. Batib exists. , In its asacrandds:, however, CCBGC , gave. the
~
ansdifiiad view that, while it admits the possi- , hility of an a:uption of Mt. Netd , *the prebe- ,
. hility of such an event to happen is very low".
. Ityt2mo expressed its concurrecan N th the view '
y of NPC -ESASCO that the probability of such
~
eruption on the west flank of Mt. 3atib is much lower bhan for such ~an event to take pl. ace in , the east flank of said volcanal The part14e arin , egr 2d' that even if an eruptian of the main
~
crater of Mt. Natib shall occur, there are sufft-I efent natural barriers t.c protect the plant site freve t. e direct affsets of py eplastic flows .
. 2:23 - 10 ,
. .. .s. . . ,
- 4. . . . . . .
i i
. 1
' - s,
,-- l .:99- .
'. . l ,
,g16 wing avalanches, lava flows and!di. rect impact
.of volcanic ejects. No evidence was presented
~
, dispute the c1afe of the proponents that the lavu activity of Mt. Natib oc w M at least 70,000 I . l . .
years ago. ' The only possible adverve ahfset of a volcante
. eruptioni of ht. NaH h won 1A be ashfall and volcani l
tremore. Neither avant is believed significant enough to seriously da==ge the plant. It is to be - I red ehae,.n m . m .a eat esq me
- can occur without waMag, a vo1-=4" aruption is .
pree d-d by signs before it actually happens. It has bee ln said that the shortsst period for a volcano" - l to maaMast activity is three (3) amys prior to the actual eruption. It is arpected, this being one of the corditions I imposed for the licensing of the nucles: plant, that a monitoring system be installed for the ym g e of predicting voidanic activities. within the period thus alleved, pz=per safeguards could be taken to prevent the disastrous conse= 1 quences of a nucisar accident. , 2.3 co'=sunamis , , It is not dented that tsunamis may hit' the sherslina on which the plant is located. This is b . I:23 - 11 . g e' >
e.r
+
. t. ;.s ,- . .
.?. .
because the presence of the Maa M.e Trench lying -
~
para 11m1 to the west coast of. Bataan p==f ==ula
. . l a hundred kilometers away which is an active faulk .
and which could generate a.large-efsed tsunant. . .. Eowou , if the tsuassi will only be as high as the ene caused by the Mindanao ea2N:hquake of August 1977, ich was estimated to be savan (71 meters . high, would not affset the plan't' inasmuch as - the pimat site is on an elevation of 13 meters above - - l mean sea level. . The computation made by '"" as to the site of the postulated tsunami that can . his zapot Point was a osschstas of it tS meters based . en the 'l argest possible earthquakehet the Man 11st : . . Trench. Such a tsunami is beliaN WfV*13 to affectiba plant at its stated sievation. It , was e pointed out that, Napet Poist'being a narrow , r4 MS,=, 4* f 4 M out tato the , sea, . -
~. m-: .
the ts"_"M_ d p __ M the tip of'the said*. , peninsu la where tSe plant is located as hard as
~
- l the shcres of the -4*iand where its force would .
1, - s... s be 61.- ~
- f, :.*f.:.'
... ,m.
...-;.
44 THE OPT 32CW OF TME w euLY3NTS It has been realized that the issue of seis-sicity deserves maximca attention on the part of - (% ' -
~. .
2223 Jn . . ..
tbs commision with a view to arriving at a satis- . g -
~
factory resolution of the concer's, rharding: the , same. In the face of the.eanteting theories-hi** snaexpres_ sed,,bythepartiehparticipants,
- and r ecognising. that the said hasse_a-aduires his '
scient:ific and tea 4mi -knowledgefnot p -. within the -- 1- - f--- peculiar competence of the assbers - - ... ,:.._ of the - e - f=sion, ,
- 3. . _ l ----- - , - - .. _
it hah been decidad to avail of the services of - - l internationau f recogni .d authorities on the . I subject of seismology and geophysics. Inasmuch I as they ao not represent any .of. ;the parties and r have therefore no partisan. intarast to subserve, ' it it assumed that their opea4aa= on said issues ' would carry the weight of ersdihility borne of
~
iality and"neatrality. Frtsa a 11st of tirelve - experts, the competsnce of eve.w of whcm is un-disptzad, the Nf =Aion directed the partiss 3:o f 84 =to their respective choices for inclusion h La ar L advisory panel of four or five hn. By commac e a p_ :-'t of the parties', five names wara sel'ented, all of "whcma were extended invitations ,
- e by th e teamission%" serve in' an advisory capacity. .
- Although all of the five exp chosen by the . '
part. ;as expressed willingness to favor the invita- ' tion, only two wara abic to . cme to the' Philippines, - the others having been unable to come for.one. reason - % .w - .
.~.,0
- 33 . . . . .
~. . .- 1. .. ,
, ,a :
. . i i
W-M Those who warm able to.make . . it were Dr. 7. Carl Stepp and Dr. Mmtm Icanits. Dr
~
stepp holds the degress of S.5. Geology, M.S. in' Geophysics, and Ph. D. in Geophysics. En was . with the USNBC. fztm '1973 to - - . ^. 1379; as **=* of its _3, Geos anos Eramals and la presently con C I with
- M , INC., a fizza of consulting engineers and
- geolo\ gists based.in Long Seach,'p. California. -
i . Dr. r~tts is presently ';p prod'assor of sa - , Es mology at the Waaional University of mecico.
.- was armerly a director of the Institute of Geo-physics of the University of Chile and latar Asse-1
. ciats Ramsarch Geologist of. the .
N.aiversity of Cali-forad a. .,
. :'i Aftar, going over the rea' sed of the prc-:::iiacs ,
condtcted by the h4 **1on, 'Mw'4 av the trans-cript a of the tas*dwa4ms of thm. ' witnesses, and a review of tha pertinent valames of Pea % the two. afore- _ . moned oned consultants expressed their con:currance ti e fladtags of the hf asion' set
- forth above I
- in ~
on t2 e issues of seismietty, vole ==4 = and tsunamis.
'har va'a th* 9"...**** th* M '=1== ** 8 9 .
is etinsarvative enough, and that the nataan Woclase g Plan 1, As designed can safely withstand,the es.rth . gu.ake s reasonably expectsd to occur in the sita. -- w . t e e .g. .
,. . III:s d 14 : .
t
1 ~ . . V. . sr 5 .
. . -.q,
,, arsa . 24 is.,also their opintom..that the overall .
; . v.
~
evidence, both geological and geopa.f 11 cal, strongly . r sups: orts the interpretation of lack of tect$nic .
- a -
act3vity in the vicinity of Madot. Point during ". thepasttaasofthousandsof3 rears. They support - the opinion exprassed by @% that the out-aros s referred to ,by the 3ursau of Minas, which they investigated during a trip made to the sita arst, do not show the existence of active faulting."
.- ... ,- .6 They also. aggies.qu@ttw _m. and COMTOL that any
. .possible activity of Mt. Eatih ,would be on the east side and not on the west flank where the . .
;' ,
' "' ' i plaz;t is located. .
The consultants express satisfaction over
- .m -
the at+=*mure'mr curves used by E3ASCO .t:a deter-
-- zw.=; en &--e - mes.m .em .
been based on dada derived front h and Western '
. Unifmi Statse w'hich have more ass the same corw L1tions as those' gbtaining in the Philippines.
wh.il,e bo.th of. .them vers.. .not...espec. ially. impressed by N.he methodology used by, ERASCC_which they bel: .eved could stand improvement,, they ara %. f ,. opinion that the eenclusions arrived at a:th the . .. , Thev are of the bellaf that, if gre'a ter
- b- e. r r e c.t .
g
. erofessionalism was shewn in the svaluationer made
. P. e '
2223 - 15
. - g g
# D
. . I e
. . . i
.e< -
- by E3ASCO, the resuit would have been a leerer acceleration value than 0. 35g. , 3
.. - - -. .-.. . . ...... , g .. .
Or t.aunamis, the consultants find that the
- coagmtation made by ESASCO of a*==v4 - height *
. of 10.5 meters for the tsunami run-up at thin plann site appears.to be', conservative. In abort, ,
. s ., . .. .
they do not foresee any i5 anger from this event.
, ; . .
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.' W. .,! . . .
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7 3I22 - is , , . Nb.. .
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. ~
A. THF. ANSWERS TO QCESTICNS'NCS. l' E 9:
.h Confor:nably to the above discussion, the - . .
g , cmunissf.!on submits the following answers to the
- question ls powed by Letter of Instabens No. -
.. ;- -
876. -t-
*f:n .
7-' - ,
+
Questier No. 1: . .. ,
. 3 ) The Bataan Nucisar Reactor Plant GMPP- 1) has beer,found with inadequate safeguards and could .
be a potential hazard to the healtS and safety of , the public. It is admittadly not a new danign. By 1982, data of scheduled initial eparat.icn of PNPP=1, the desigri (1973) is airsady much ouM*4 A. . Ilestinghouse wuld not p2cvi3e additional
- l amfeguard.s until ordered by tiba en5 tad states - -
Nuclear Regulatory e * =sion. Wcatinghouse further almtme, albeit arroneously, that the strictar stand-ards Amamm d ed by the United Statas Nuclear Regulatory Causmiss:,ca af ter the L_; "J.le Zs.1armi incident, *
. s
- sferred to operating plants only, not to 75PP-1.
l As far as westinghouse is concerned, the Naticnal ' l Power Corporation aust have 'to accept the design of l s- the Sataan Plant for what it is. ' , . .
,.[
IVA. - 1
- e
..4e. 6. .
1 .. , 1
~
~_....s ,
~ -
. c .
The categorical =M raion of iiability by top o icials of Westinghouse in the event e radical and fundmeental changes should be done , in the design of the Bataan nuclear plant . stranchens the conclusion that. no additional , I safeguards on the PNPP-1 design had indeed been
' i incor;cratad, as they had themselves also ada.ittad.
Corstrary to the contantion of' Festinghouse, ,. the sesrentaen (17) unresolved safaty issues addresl sed by tstenty-two (22) tasks la the USNRCI *
- l program and the, forty-one (413 proh7 === or un , ,
resol safety issues submittad in a report by , l - the USNRC to Congress were indentified and should have blen e p M ded for. Scme of the unresolved issuesI or problema relats to the pressurized reacto r steam generator tube integrity, reactor-
~
vessel, toughness, eseetor coolant pump supports,
' toughness of steams generator, seismic design i
eriteria, etc. . Tha frequency of sceidents is{naciasr reacter plants , not --ch@t5ose dee'igned by westdag
- house, ' ara caminous signals tha$ sifaty is not assured and therefera additional safeguards ara
~
' l impera tive. Depress warranty on the part of the . w T7A = 2 J.* .. , O O
n .. e
-~
suppli c as to the safety of the plant including , all its vital ccamponent should be required. , Quest 1on No. - 2 .
- 2) westinghouse men with Fi'14My trainee ,
maployees of the National Power Corporation will
. man the plant temporarily. The Filipino hands will be coarposed of engineers in the different disciplJ.nes trained in the Westinghouse Nuclear ,
Field Centar in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Train-twy staated since 1975. After a 11ttia over a
) .
year,.the operation of the 34taan nuclear plant . will be left en*4 aly to the F111p'1'no angineers. -
~ '
These ,F L11pino eagtseers would be , duly iteensed _
' l trainee operators in operating auclear plants in the United Statas and not only 'on simulators.
Constion No. 3
- 3) The Phi 1 M ine Atzmic Energy Censmizaton, . .
the Nat i.onal Power Corporation
- and Minist.7 of -
5ealth < mach prepared .smergancy plans for coping with radiation - 1g M es. The plan'would Lavolve, all government related agencies includi.ug the barr}io captains. l [ Nat onal Power Crrporatick Sill shoulder the , wA , 3- , 5
i
. I e
Y .
. . .g.-
damages and costs in case of'mosiaar accidents. . I isational Pows: corporation will'organima a Ph11f.ppine Nuclear Insurance Pool with the , M t Service Insurance Systus, as lead I ' insurer. Liability of the inst.allation operator
- .. ;
La bol wever limited to five atti.- U' US dollars - l for any one nuclear accident pursuant to Republic . I ' Act lio. 5207, section 42. This law was amended - l ..- by Presidential Decree No. 1484; which id"*ta be . 11abr.11ty of the Republic of the Philippines in - 1 indesmity agreements with contractors or suppliars , I - of goods or services for an atoalc energy facility or controlled by the gevannment to one hun-dred twenty millica US dollars., , Question No. 4 t. .
. 4) Onder the 1363 Bilatarzl $greement b.i.e.Es the Esgublic of the Philippines and the United i
states Govertseest szchange of ,information . on the cit, uses of nuclear energy and related matte:ts is pa dad for. Cur Philippine A*= u Energy.' . e = = _: -M m a w =ag zaxc.zas-
$100 08 DuC1Sar Safeguar d a With'IthG UnitSd States Nucisar Regulato=y (* ==f usion through the United -
I States Embassy in* Manila. "2s Philippines is - I7A - 4 . .
t.
?
n. 4.,m,.
"also ===ha v- country of the.' Int'rnational a Atomic Energy 7,gency and has been receiving IAZA Bulletins. .
cn part 2 of Question No. 4, no_ definite s+= 4 M s, ==v4 = or minimum, h~ ave been shown
~
l ' to prevenn nuclear contamination becau.se of the poss'ht'+ty that expsours might 5 received under
~
a va ety of conditions and circumstsacess hence,
~
it is impossible to lay dcwn reccamendations for . action levels that would be generally applicehla. '. I nowever, the PAEC, NPC and the Ministry of Health
'I have introduced organizational plans to prevent nucletr contamination. .
Cuase.Lon No. 5: -
- 5a The occurrence of an eathquake sia11a to tha one that hit Mindanac in August 1377 (estirsated to be 7.8 magnituda on the Richte:
scale (isamass P4 ev.ent et 'Napot Point. ~ An earthquake of that magnitude may originata from the known active faults surrounding the Central Luzon Tactenic Rzovince ut:1ch are the '
.Philigpine Fault, the Taal Fracture Zone, and a the Ma nila Trench, only an earthquake from the subdugston zcne of the Manila Trench at its near- .
I esa pctnt of about 70 kms. below Napot Point can u -
. IVA -
h
,, . i
;
3 , ^ -
;.
produce .ignificant ground acce2eration ah the
-r plant site. That kind of an earthtuake, as well as a postniated earthquake of nagnitude 7 originating from the San Antonio'Fractura ,
zone, had been&ly considered IA*' ,i rriving at the anemieration value of 0.35g. anch a desigs value or 5s2 is believed to be conservative , enough, particularly so when it was increased to O . 4 rg :.n the plant design. Thare is, thereford, , a russMis assurance that the largest postulated ,
. I earthquakes that can be felt at.the plant site ,
would not result in leakage or spillage resulting
' in nuclear contamination, No a Ad. M abla evi= .
. dance had been found to indicata,that.a red m ,
or f1ciating earthquake which couM not be traced
- ko onal of the known faults will Mccur at the plant site. .
Ctesidering the elevation of the plant site which is 18 meters above :nean. sedlevel, the plant would be safe free a tsunami or t'idal wave re-saltirs from an eart.*x;uake of tectonic origin i .. similar to the one that hit Mindanao in August 1977, it having been shown that the said tsunami had
- I the anximum height of caly 7 meteras. ,
IVA - 4 . g
t.
' .t-g
.g Questton No. 6: .
. 6 There is no convincing evidence that the Batama Nuclear Power Plant is loEsated on an active or se ;smogenic fault. Scme' geological features, ,
such as, lineaments, fissures and slickenaides had , been ahown to exist, but all i'avastigations and analyses so far conducted have yisided no posi-tivo algn that they are active fau.1En, , Quest;.on_we. 7: ,.. .
. 71 Thers is no record of thh history of earth =
quakes at Napot Point. The rE..d of historical. i marthepakes as kept in churca archives could only ' s t.a c.e the general area where the ' earthquake had been felt and the effects thereof. Madr i a the - . p instruments vers precured ,the spicenters of historical earthquakes could NoE. be ' identified I nor t?cir magnitudes sacerts.ined." PAGASA has a
. record of same earthquakas that had been felt in sataan during the Spanish period, namely, the 1
earthc;uakes of November 30, 1645, Decarber 7, 1677, November 5, 1796, september 16, 1952, June .1 , 1863, Octcher 1, 1869, and July 18, 1880. The said record does not reveal the epicancars of l said marthquakes nor the c?aznage caused by ths
. r 5 r;- .-
- gya - 7
i i e 't 4 9 . . . same in Moring or any other portion of Western ,
. sataan. Since 1900, only.'com earthcruake had been j ' .
. instrmsentally determined to lunNs its epicentar in Ba.t.aan Peninsula and it was of a magnitude esti ted to be between 4 and'4.4 on the Richt.ar ,
scale, or auch below the SSE or flesign value of the taan Nuclear Power Plant. , Question No. 8: , 8 > There is as yet no stable rock formatica - in any of our islands which could serve as a par. . manen t: burial aits for nuclear wasta. - The Intar- . agency Ccommittee created under 'M"iatrative Order No. 389 has non yet chosen the sits or ,
. exact location LA the Philippine [where the ".
nuclear waste may be stored. : . T'se low level waste will be uced in , w1ame and placed in fitty steel gallons sealed , drums then transferred to the storage W w ng. . a Attar one year they will be transfarred to an . n+ off-site storage facility, whichiham not. as yet. , m.. L m te1y 1 cat.d. . . rhe high level wasta or spent fuel is si:nrad I ' in the fuel storage building in the sita. After l
,four or five years, this spent fuel has to be m., _
a - e
. ;;.- .
# ~% . .
,L... .
so1Ldified and ' deposited at its final repository, the place of which is still uncertain. The . daa; era in the handling and fragnant transfers . of Jow, medium and high level wastes cannot be but over-escphasized and a very,nigh degree of ' competence arsd' cars sust be exerc'ised by the l . operator. ,. ., , Cuention No. 9.: -
;,, ,
;,c...&
- 9) westinghouse officials, notwiths amnding w
the request of the President iz $ s l' attar datad , April 11,197f , have not made any clarification on doubts that arose abcut the safety of the Bataln a Muclear Power Plant tinos,the T. h M11e 3
, Islanld incident of March 25, 1579. It Was only I .. .
on June 22, 1979, that Weatinghecas sent ita , panel of experts to see the President, long aftar the President had already created the Commaission on Waclear Reactor Plants by vigtne of Executive t Orde; No. 539 dated June 15, 1379. This obviously I . danchstratas unwarranted delay and lack. of imme-I diate concern over the safety of the plant . IYA = 9 O
- q. --
1, tat s.. .
, ,8 *
- j- -
.. c. .
,- . ai . .. .
- 3. SUMMATION
't
.1 3 . The Bataan Nuclear'Pland as designed is not safe. Admittedly, it is an old dasign - , , ,
pl with unresolved safety tasues like othar , West:cnghouse designs under review by usNRC. , .
. Thus, it is a potentdal hasard to~the health and safety of the public. .
- , . . 2
- 2. The Bataan Nuclear Plant design needs .
fundamental changes and additional safeguards. , It ap pears that Westinghouse nuciaar reactors do . not have, among others, adaquata amargency core-coolig systems. .- .* , - - 3 . The frequency of aM%dki"in nuclear power reactor plants, of which thei Ccummission takes public I notica, is an omiinous sign that safaty 1.s not-i assured.. It is imperative that the requisita l safety devices be installed if it is decided to contisue with the nuclear plant. , ,
- 4. ,
The crucial problem of nacisar wasta disposal has not been solved, as the Intar-Agency comm19 tee charged with finding a, final rapository b 'f for these vastas has yet to locata a suitable placee An international burial sita as ennaioned by the Philippine Atomic 2nargy c' # =sion has zys 'i. ... .
- h.
s , ; 7
- i
. I ,
,;- . .
yet to be located and its establishment is not la sight. This is a universal problem.
- 5. On the question of whether the plant .
can withstand the effects af eehcr'*==, vol-1 . canitt eruptions and tsunamis that may hit or ,
.y-occur at the plant sita, the C=ummission finds that there is reasonable assurance that any
.occurrenes of such events, by itself, will not
- causo leakage or spillage resulting in nuclear v
contamination. . The seismic' design of.the. plant (0.4g $32)
- bas ta3cen Anto acccunt the strongest earthquakam
, that may be expected to occur er be felt at the plant sita. Some experts, including our consult- ,
ants expressed thr. view that said design value is ist fact over-conservative. - An eruption of Mt. Natib is within th3 realm , of pr@=h'11ty but is considered rancte, since , I it is virtually extinct and had 'not shown activity
. in clie last 70,000 years. Shoudi it erupe, the 2
only likaly sigfifficant hazard that it could cause I to t!ie plant would be uhfall. The plant site appears to be safe fress khe
~ effe<m.s of tsunamis due to its elevation r.
of 18 matara i .IVE - 2 - .
~
- g b .
.I abova mean saa level. The tsu5 amis caused by the dvaA=am earthquake of August 1977 had a.
run-up of only 7 matars. , , The suspected or post:llatEfaults have , not been proved to be real faults, much less . active or seismaganic ones, as shcwn by the investigations and studies conducted regarding eh.js . The commission is a W 1y of the view , . tnat , ennetdering partinent matters as they , presently stand, it is to the best intarest of clur ccuntry and people that the project may
. j cont.inua only if Westinghouse agree to rene- )
I, ' gotiate its contract with WPC. . Such a course l of qaction should remedy the' isd:gu'1tous and onarcus . sti tions of the contract, provide reasonable l
- assurance of the safety of the nuclear plant, f i assure supply of uraniu:n' fuel, 'and allay the -
fears of the people about its possible harm *. ' i Moro importantly, Westinghouse should, in that ! I eves,t, manifest and demonstrats that it shares . b guard the welfare of our people ecosistant with IVB = 3. b
* . e,.. .
s , .- ' t a e
- v,...
<~ .- - .
the ever-pressing need for additional acurces
,i. .
of anargy. .
' ~
Manila, November 13, 1979. - (Sqd.) RICARDO C. PUNO Chai.- san -
- (5gd.) CCMht M. VASCUZ3 (S9d J JOSE G. PM.3".i 3tember anamher'
+..
T3tDE CCPT November 16, 1973 . 8 . 1 O
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