Regulatory Guide 5.31
| ML13350A241 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 06/30/1974 |
| From: | US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RG-5.031 | |
| Download: ML13350A241 (3) | |
Jime 1974 June 1974 U.S. ATOMIC EMERY COMMISSION
REGULATORY
GUIDE DIRECTORATE
Of REGULATORY
STAINDARDS
REGULATORY
GUIDE 5.31 SPECIALLY
DESIGNED VEHICLE WITH ARMED GUARDS FOR ROAD SHIPMENT OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL
A. INTRODUCTION
Paragraph
73.31(c) of 10 CFR Part 73, "Physcal Protection of Plants and Materials." requires that road movements of 5pecial nucleal material (SNM)in quantities identified in §73.l(bI(2)
be protected by one of the following methods: (1) shipment with at least two armed guards accompanirng the shipment in a separate escort vehicle or (2) shipment in a specially designed truck or trailer which reduces the vulnerability to diversion by design features that permit irnmtobiiiia- tion of the van and provide barriers or deterrents to physical penetration of the cargo compartment.
If armed guards are used with the specially designed vehicle, immobilization is not required.
Paragraph
7330(d).requires that the qualification of individuals to act as guards used pursuant to §73.3 I(c) be documented.
This guide describes features accvptabl to the Regplatory staff for a vehicle operated by armed guards to ship special nuclear material by road and for the quiific"ation of the armed guards.
B. DISCUSSION
There are two approaches that can be taken to satisfy§73.31(c)2), i.e., specially designed truck or trailer.One method would be the use of a specially designed secure cargo vehicle that is constructed so as to resist entry for a substantial period of time by unauthorized personnel using 3. wide variety of tools and weapons. The penetration time would be commensurate with the time needed for law enforcement agencies to respond to the scene of an emergency.
The vehicle would be designed to be immobilized upon command in case of a diversion attempt.The othl'r method would be through the use of armored car service. In this case resistance to unauthor-ized entry tis provided, in part, by the armed picsonnel within the vehicle who axe in turn protected by the inhercnt design of the armored vebIiclc.Acc.eptable characteristics of vehicles and personnel used in armored car s;erxe arc provided in this guide.I. ARMOR Armored vehicles ate supplied to the industry by a very small number of manufactuters.
The six-cific design of the armor supplied by each comrpany is coiisidered proprietary information.
The armor can generally he desribed With respect to its fesistance to projectile penetration.
All inanufacturers provide armor which will resist initial penetration by bullets frum readily available small urns. The armor is usually altxicd to the vehicle in such a "v as to provide prultection to the occupants agains'r attlac from any external direction.
2. CAlB-CARGU
INTERFACE The cab-caigo interface can be provided with several options. In mrt cases the xparnting wall bttween cab and cargo compz? tment is armored to provide protection in case either conpartment is -compromised.
A window of bullet-resistzs-t material which allows the crew in one compartment to have .clear view of the access doors of the ofther compirtmeni is ao provitied.
Some models have a door tLat allows passage from the cab to the cargo compartment without leaving the vchicle. Ohiler models are e4quipped with gunports that permit ftirng from cab to cargo compartmett.
3. GUARDS AND DRIVERS Normally vi armored vehicle crew consists of two or three individuals divided between the cab and cargo tompnntrtnts.
For long-d"tance trips the ciew is often increased to xllow nst periods for drivers and guard
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SNIA shipments we expected to involve frequent loaq distance trips of two or mome days. In order to uxintal the full protective capacity of the armored service dune then trips, it Is important that adequate crews fc continuous manning of both compartments dude normal operation be supplied.
Considerable flexibility I achieving this end would be provided if both guards an driven were qualified and permitted to perform eitht function (guard or driver).4. DOOR LOCKS All armored vehicles are supplied with compartmu:
locks for both the cab and cargo doors. In many cam access to the cargo compuntment requires positive actio by personne, in both compartments when the carg compartment is occupied by a guard.S. ALARM SYSTEM Many '4 the armored cars presently in service ar equipped ;ith audible alarms and/or flashing tighi similar to ti ;so used by police and emergency vehicle!The awarencs of attack that such alarms elicit in th general public can facilitate response to attack c recovery of diverted material.6. SECURING OF CARGO Armored cars have no standard provision for tyin down cargo. This Is understandable In view of the type of cargo normally handled by these carriers.
For SNM cartage, where larger and heavier cargos can be expected some provision for adequate tie-down restraint will b required to provide for cargo integrity and personne safety. It is expected that only minor effort and expens would be required to equip existing vehicles wit]tie-down fittings.
7. RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS
Each siipment will be configured at origin to be bi compliance with Department of Transportation (DOT general packaging and safety requirements (DOT regu lation 49 CFR 173.393).
Additionally.
in order ti monitor total radiation absorbed by personnel, som type of personnel dosimetry should be considered Types of personnel dosimeters are the filtm badge anw pocket dosimeter for gamma radiation, and the thei moluminescent neutron dosimeter (TLD) for neutroi radiation.
The film badge consists of a film packet in plastic holder. The film badge or TLD provide a&accurate Indication of exposure to radiation over a Ion period of time. Since the film has to be developed ani read on a densitometer, it may take some time to obtaii a radiation reading. The pocket dosimeter, on the othe hand provides a quick estimate of radiation received ove a short period of time, but is not as accurate as the filt badge for gamma radiation.
& GAS PROTECTION
Many of the newer armored vehicles use a flow through (front.to-back)
air system for heating ani cooling the vehicle interior.
Typically, these system 1- draw outside air from the fioat (cab area) of the vehicle in wd expl exhaut &ir tbroqh vests in the upper wa o4 Z the vehicle. A alight postive iinterial pmwao provided U by the air system offten some resistance to the intro-8 ductlon of gaseous subtaces.
The &ss intake it under an occupat control and can be closed. Soew vehic aie d normally equipped with gas masks. The use of ps er filters, and internal afr supplies for carrit of SNi would enhance the abibity of vehickle crew members to tesist gas attacks.it
9. ANTENNA PROTECTION
Almost all arnored vehicles am equipped with com-n munication systems of same kind Each eicle is o equipped by the purchase of the vehicle althaqb h the manufacturer may provide mounting structures or access areas for the communication system comnponmt&.
In some instnces, the parchamer may proviWe the ca*n-e munication equipment to the manufacturer who will ts install the equipment at the tim the vehicle is con-.structed.
Both radio and radjotelephone systems are in e use. Each tystem is dependent on the use of radio sgnals ir received and transmitted from a vehicle-montied an-tenna which could logically become the first target of an attack. Loss of an antenna during attack would pred"e the vehicle occupants from either notifying extetral g agents of the attack or firnn secking aid or mistance.
To s provide for sufficient delay during an attack for a vehicle 4 crew to transmit emergency massages, antenna protec-.tion is desirable.
Such protection could be provided in e the form of concealment.
multiplicity, ot hardenizg.
The I actual antenna could be concealed or designd to appear e as some other object while conventionaly appearing h dummy antennas would be conspicuously located on the vehicle. Multiple antennas using internal switching could offer a d,.aIy sufficient to enable emergesny resses to be transmitted.
Hardened, attack-resistant antennas 3 could be designed and ueed to provide a delay time.) Combinationt of these or other smhiar methods could I- enhance the viability of transnission.
o e C. REGULATORY
POSITION 1.d The characteristics listed below are acceptable to the r- Regulatory staff for a road vehicle operated by armed n guards in order to comply with AEC regulations pcrttain a ing to SNM shipments.
Additional Federal, State, and n lcal requirements pertaining to safe interstate sad local g transport of cargo may also pertain to such shipments d and compliance with these requirements is expected.11 r I. ARMOR r The vehicle should provide protection for the a driver(s)
and guard(s) against projectile impact. The external surface of the vehicle (side panels, floot, top, firewall area, and viewing areas) should be comstructed of materials which are resistant to at least the muzzleimpact energy of a .357 magnum bullet. The fuel tank(s)I should also be provided with similar protection against 3 projectile impact. The fuel tank(s) should be equipped 5.31-2-0 %.
with a lock-type cap and a screen in the tank neulc to pl nt the insertion.
of an explosive device into the I2. CAB.CARGO
INTERFACE The wall separating the cab and cargo compartments should be armored. Additional features to be considered in the detailed construction of the cab-cargo interface depend ats the method sclectcd fot the protection of( the shipment.
At least one of the methods listed below should be used. These methods are similar in that each provides the capability rot the crew to use fireamis to prevent entry bi!o the cargo compartment without leaving the vehtrde.a. An armed guard should be pentianenty stationed in the cargo compartment.
In this case, a continuous wail of armuot with a buflet.resistant window would be considered adequate as a cab-cargo interface.
b. Access to the cargo compartnent fr(mn the cab%hould be available wo that a guard can go directli'
front die cab to the cargo cornpaftmcnit without leaving the vehicle.c. Gunports should be availabli which will permit firing from the cab into the cargo compartment, Additionally.
the gunports should permit firing of the wcapmi at wide angles so that overt entry from all sides of the cargo compartmcnt call be prevented.
3. GUARDS AND DRIVERS All peorsonnel of an armored vehicle should be qualifred to perform all normal operational tasks in-volved with a shipment.
th1b guards and drivers should be qualified to perform either function., and interchange of functiom should be allowed if required for the safety and security of the cargo and crew, Compliance with DOT regulation
49 CFR 173.3936X4)
which deals with radiation levels in oc-cspied vehicle, should be mfaintdined in addition to other applicable State and local requirements.
All guards and drivers should be qualified ini accordance with A[iC Regulatory Guide 5.20, "Training.
Equipping.
and Qualifying of Guards and Witchmarn," tir an equivalent program.4. DOOR LOCKS The cargo compartment doors should normally be in a locked mode and should he secured by n locking mechanism requiring positive action by personnel in both the cargo and cab compartments for operation if the cargo compartment is occupied.
If the cargo corn-parttrnm is not occupied, the cargo compartment door lock should latch closed when shut, and should also be further secured by a padlock. Opening of the cargo compartment door lock should require positive action by personnel at the cargo compartment door and fi the cab compartment.
The cab compartment doors also should normally be locked and should require key insertion for operation from the outside, 5. ALARM SYSTEM Tile vehicle should be equipped with an audible and/or visual alarm which is activated froni within the vehicle and which has the samte ranW, of detection as that normally required by emergency vehicles.
Dcac-tivation of the alarn system circuitry should require acccss to the armored comtnparttmentts of the velhicle.6. SECURING THE CARGO The vehicle should be ,supplied with fittings in tlrc cargo compartment to provide an adequate attachment for such securing devycos as are required to provide restraint against substantial movement of or damage to the cargo in normal operation and during emergency stops. The cargo must be secured as required by 49 CFR Part 177.
7. RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS
Personnel involved In the handling of radioactive material should be provided with a filmn badge, a pocket dosimeter and for plutonium shipments, a titer-moluminescent neutron dosimeter.
These should he monitored after each trip.
8. GAS PROTECTION
The vehicle cornpartlnents should be equipped witli gas masks, filters, or an internal air supply to permit the crew to resist art attack by incapacitating gas for a sufficient time to allow transmittal of a distrems message and, if possible, the arrival of aid.
9. ANTENNA PROTECTION
Either a concealed or a hardened anterina should lie provided in order it) afford sufficient timte I"r the comnmunication systeln to1 transmit an cmncgeuncy nies-sage.1
0. IMMOiJIZATION
Although there Is no requirement for imnojbilization of vehicles which use armed guards, this is a desirable, feature. The vehicle could have a provision for immobi-lization upon art authorized command originating from within the vehicle. Once commanded, the immobi-liiation system should resist unauthorized deactivation Ibr as long as feasible.
Caution should be taken to assure that activation devices which cause imnmobiliiation are adequately shielded to prevent them from being erier.gw.ed from spurious clectromagnetic signals.5-31.3