Regulatory Guide 5.31

Specially Designed Vehicle with Armed Guards for Road Shipment of Special Nuclear Material

ML13350A241
Person / Time
Issue date:	06/30/1974
From:	US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
To:
References
RG-5.031
Download: ML13350A241 (3)

Jime 1974June 1974U.S. ATOMIC EMERY COMMISSIONREGULATORY GUIDEDIRECTORATE Of REGULATORY STAINDARDSREGULATORY GUIDE 5.31SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLE WITH ARMED GUARDS FORROAD SHIPMENT OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL

A. INTRODUCTION

Paragraph 73.31(c) of 10 CFR Part 73, "PhyscalProtection of Plants and Materials." requires that roadmovements of 5pecial nucleal material (SNM)in quantities identified in §73.l(bI(2) be protected byone of the following methods: (1) shipment with at leasttwo armed guards accompanirng the shipment in aseparate escort vehicle or (2) shipment in a speciallydesigned truck or trailer which reduces the vulnerabilityto diversion by design features that permit irnmtobiiiia-tion of the van and provide barriers or deterrents tophysical penetration of the cargo compartment. If armedguards are used with the specially designed vehicle,immobilization is not required. Paragraph 7330(d).requires that the qualification of individuals to act asguards used pursuant to §73.3 I(c) be documented. Thisguide describes features accvptabl to the Regplatorystaff for a vehicle operated by armed guards to shipspecial nuclear material by road and for the quiific"ationof the armed guards.

B. DISCUSSION

There are two approaches that can be taken to satisfy§73.31(c)2), i.e., specially designed truck or trailer.One method would be the use of a specially designedsecure cargo vehicle that is constructed so as to resistentry for a substantial period of time by unauthorizedpersonnel using 3. wide variety of tools and weapons. Thepenetration time would be commensurate with the timeneeded for law enforcement agencies to respond to thescene of an emergency. The vehicle would be designed tobe immobilized upon command in case of a diversionattempt.The othl'r method would be through the use ofarmored car service. In this case resistance to unauthor-ized entry tis provided, in part, by the armed picsonnelwithin the vehicle who axe in turn protected by theinhercnt design of the armored vebIiclc.Acc.eptable characteristics of vehicles and personnelused in armored car s;erxe arc provided in this guide.I. ARMORArmored vehicles ate supplied to the industry by avery small number of manufactuters. The six-cific designof the armor supplied by each comrpany is coiisideredproprietary information. The armor can generally hedesribed With respect to its fesistance to projectilepenetration. All inanufacturers provide armor which willresist initial penetration by bullets frum readily availablesmall urns. The armor is usually altxicd to the vehicle insuch a "v as to provide prultection to the occupantsagains'r attlac from any external direction.2. CAlB-CARGU INTERFACEThe cab-caigo interface can be provided with severaloptions. In mrt cases the xparnting wall bttween caband cargo compz? tment is armored to provide protectionin case either conpartment is -compromised. A windowof bullet-resistzs-t material which allows the crew in onecompartment to have .clear view of the access doors ofthe ofther compirtmeni is ao provitied. Some modelshave a door tLat allows passage from the cab to thecargo compartment without leaving the vchicle. Ohilermodels are e4quipped with gunports that permit ftirngfrom cab to cargo compartmett.3. GUARDS AND DRIVERSNormally vi armored vehicle crew consists of two orthree individuals divided between the cab and cargotompnntrtnts. For long-d"tance trips the ciew is oftenincreased to xllow nst periods for drivers and guards.USAEC REGULATORY GUIDES Co~t. of piB*~ od f M"1 60 h 0"ofpwd by FOW~Mt 0-4icnilq Ow divitirn"ha tiett US. Atmek 10ww c~xn.muio" Mc~a. .206*5.RA4viutevv Ootduta m ,o to twosribe N afmid to. a.4trfb4 to "* putAke Att~nw ton- V w of = Lp 790110 Stnb .Ca"¶,wtwnt",i unaltwKMt feonW~tP0&*o*aqWbd34 1to .AIEC Nauam ti tit~a~nhm paie pelt byenv~omits in 0*0 yw a wdeO mu.apml And 1houMh tn to ew 0Ow sociwto'thea Commitn-s~ roplotiomn. to detivineto lotdg".Anu -A% b O 01# 6"t a of ft. Commughaon, US- Atoonw ffw"u Comwasto-ann Washimn. OZe. 2M?45,*.VWft ovedric paattbint op pomniboud aizidwi. at to wor ga pifbem in Ailtw~ian: 0th. Publk Ptomnop Stetiowhooff flOp~stay Gufdteam #at wah~ift for Im aptio anid c-tp;twitht thent b not eVuN lnm iea.bbt miW tolut~ium diftmvi ft"w "Wo vot 00if T1e vPu it kmoud in Itoo Itio.Pw ton brood Owliafton00 VA will bem h .It tfma poato a bio4 for ft findifips ot09AN toft. iaamere a.tot cafanoc of a poovivdo Oa. nw tie d e-.mw*ieafti. 1. 9ao Asata S. tn*ae2. P..avdt avid Tont ftagoe 7. Ttgtvopttofta2. Falls and Mogemif Faciliuties Onetml IafethtP~iai~ld p~dn sill ba irri psyhatfl~y. so mpprOtwta. to mtwwnIod 4. fokm w awd ShiM S Araftiswht P4#~.CMftfWfit MW troo fiIt¶9 moigut~ieftio or vivo' -LMI4ftOdpomP~" to,.oSI

SNIA shipments we expected to involve frequent loaqdistance trips of two or mome days. In order to uxintalthe full protective capacity of the armored service dunethen trips, it Is important that adequate crews fccontinuous manning of both compartments dudenormal operation be supplied. Considerable flexibility Iachieving this end would be provided if both guards andriven were qualified and permitted to perform eithtfunction (guard or driver).4. DOOR LOCKSAll armored vehicles are supplied with compartmu:locks for both the cab and cargo doors. In many camaccess to the cargo compuntment requires positive actioby personne, in both compartments when the cargcompartment is occupied by a guard.S. ALARM SYSTEMMany '4 the armored cars presently in service arequipped ;ith audible alarms and/or flashing tighisimilar to ti ;so used by police and emergency vehicle!The awarencs of attack that such alarms elicit in thgeneral public can facilitate response to attack crecovery of diverted material.6. SECURING OF CARGOArmored cars have no standard provision for tyindown cargo. This Is understandable In view of the typeof cargo normally handled by these carriers. For SNMcartage, where larger and heavier cargos can be expectedsome provision for adequate tie-down restraint will brequired to provide for cargo integrity and personnesafety. It is expected that only minor effort and expenswould be required to equip existing vehicles wit]tie-down fittings.7. RADIATION MEASUREMENTSEach siipment will be configured at origin to be bicompliance with Department of Transportation (DOTgeneral packaging and safety requirements (DOT regulation 49 CFR 173.393). Additionally. in order timonitor total radiation absorbed by personnel, somtype of personnel dosimetry should be consideredTypes of personnel dosimeters are the filtm badge anwpocket dosimeter for gamma radiation, and the theimoluminescent neutron dosimeter (TLD) for neutroiradiation. The film badge consists of a film packet inplastic holder. The film badge or TLD provide a&accurate Indication of exposure to radiation over a Ionperiod of time. Since the film has to be developed aniread on a densitometer, it may take some time to obtaiia radiation reading. The pocket dosimeter, on the othehand provides a quick estimate of radiation received ovea short period of time, but is not as accurate as the filtbadge for gamma radiation.& GAS PROTECTIONMany of the newer armored vehicles use a flowthrough (front.to-back) air system for heating anicooling the vehicle interior. Typically, these system1- draw outside air from the fioat (cab area) of the vehiclein wd expl exhaut &ir tbroqh vests in the upper wa o4Z the vehicle. A alight postive iinterial pmwao providedU by the air system offten some resistance to the intro-8 ductlon of gaseous subtaces. The &ss intake it underan occupat control and can be closed. Soew vehic aied normally equipped with gas masks. The use of ps er filters, and internal afr supplies for carrit of SNiwould enhance the abibity of vehickle crew members totesist gas attacks.it 9. ANTENNA PROTECTIONAlmost all arnored vehicles am equipped with com-n munication systems of same kind Each eicle iso equipped by the purchase of the vehicle althaqb h themanufacturer may provide mounting structures or accessareas for the communication system comnponmt&. Insome instnces, the parchamer may proviWe the ca*n-e munication equipment to the manufacturer who willts install the equipment at the tim the vehicle is con-.structed. Both radio and radjotelephone systems are ine use. Each tystem is dependent on the use of radio sgnalsir received and transmitted from a vehicle-montied an-tenna which could logically become the first target of anattack. Loss of an antenna during attack would pred"ethe vehicle occupants from either notifying extetralg agents of the attack or firnn secking aid or mistance. Tos provide for sufficient delay during an attack for a vehicle4 crew to transmit emergency massages, antenna protec-.tion is desirable. Such protection could be provided ine the form of concealment. multiplicity, ot hardenizg. TheI actual antenna could be concealed or designd to appeare as some other object while conventionaly appearingh dummy antennas would be conspicuously located on thevehicle. Multiple antennas using internal switching couldoffer a d,.aIy sufficient to enable emergesny resses tobe transmitted. Hardened, attack-resistant antennas3 could be designed and ueed to provide a delay time.) Combinationt of these or other smhiar methods couldI- enhance the viability of transnission.oe

C. REGULATORY POSITION

1.d The characteristics listed below are acceptable to ther- Regulatory staff for a road vehicle operated by armedn guards in order to comply with AEC regulations pcrttaina ing to SNM shipments. Additional Federal, State, andn lcal requirements pertaining to safe interstate sad localg transport of cargo may also pertain to such shipmentsd and compliance with these requirements is expected.11r I. ARMORr The vehicle should provide protection for thea driver(s) and guard(s) against projectile impact. Theexternal surface of the vehicle (side panels, floot, top,firewall area, and viewing areas) should be comstructedof materials which are resistant to at least the muzzleimpact energy of a .357 magnum bullet. The fuel tank(s)I should also be provided with similar protection against3 projectile impact. The fuel tank(s) should be equipped5.31-2-0 %.

with a lock-type cap and a screen in the tank neulc topl nt the insertion. of an explosive device into theI2. CAB.CARGO INTERFACEThe wall separating the cab and cargo compartmentsshould be armored. Additional features to be consideredin the detailed construction of the cab-cargo interfacedepend ats the method sclectcd fot the protection of( theshipment. At least one of the methods listed belowshould be used. These methods are similar in that eachprovides the capability rot the crew to use fireamis toprevent entry bi!o the cargo compartment withoutleaving the vehtrde.a. An armed guard should be pentianenty stationedin the cargo compartment. In this case, a continuouswail of armuot with a buflet.resistant window would beconsidered adequate as a cab-cargo interface.b. Access to the cargo compartnent fr(mn the cab%hould be available wo that a guard can go directli' frontdie cab to the cargo cornpaftmcnit without leaving thevehicle.c. Gunports should be availabli which will permitfiring from the cab into the cargo compartment,Additionally. the gunports should permit firing of thewcapmi at wide angles so that overt entry from all sidesof the cargo compartmcnt call be prevented.3. GUARDS AND DRIVERSAll peorsonnel of an armored vehicle should bequalifred to perform all normal operational tasks in-volved with a shipment. th1b guards and drivers shouldbe qualified to perform either function., and interchangeof functiom should be allowed if required for the safetyand security of the cargo and crew,Compliance with DOT regulation 49 CFR173.3936X4) which deals with radiation levels in oc-cspied vehicle, should be mfaintdined in addition toother applicable State and local requirements. All guardsand drivers should be qualified ini accordance with A[iCRegulatory Guide 5.20, "Training. Equipping. andQualifying of Guards and Witchmarn," tir an equivalentprogram.4. DOOR LOCKSThe cargo compartment doors should normally be ina locked mode and should he secured by n lockingmechanism requiring positive action by personnel inboth the cargo and cab compartments for operation ifthe cargo compartment is occupied. If the cargo corn-parttrnm is not occupied, the cargo compartment doorlock should latch closed when shut, and should also befurther secured by a padlock. Opening of the cargocompartment door lock should require positive actionby personnel at the cargo compartment door and fi thecab compartment. The cab compartment doors alsoshould normally be locked and should require keyinsertion for operation from the outside,5. ALARM SYSTEMTile vehicle should be equipped with an audibleand/or visual alarm which is activated froni within thevehicle and which has the samte ranW, of detection asthat normally required by emergency vehicles. Dcac-tivation of the alarn system circuitry should requireacccss to the armored comtnparttmentts of the velhicle.6. SECURING THE CARGOThe vehicle should be ,supplied with fittings in tlrccargo compartment to provide an adequate attachmentfor such securing devycos as are required to providerestraint against substantial movement of or damage tothe cargo in normal operation and during emergencystops. The cargo must be secured as required by 49 CFRPart 177.7. RADIATION MEASUREMENTSPersonnel involved In the handling of radioactivematerial should be provided with a filmn badge, a pocketdosimeter and for plutonium shipments, a titer-moluminescent neutron dosimeter. These should hemonitored after each trip.8. GAS PROTECTIONThe vehicle cornpartlnents should be equipped witligas masks, filters, or an internal air supply to permit thecrew to resist art attack by incapacitating gas for asufficient time to allow transmittal of a distrems messageand, if possible, the arrival of aid.9. ANTENNA PROTECTIONEither a concealed or a hardened anterina should lieprovided in order it) afford sufficient timte I"r thecomnmunication systeln to1 transmit an cmncgeuncy nies-sage.10. IMMOiJIZATIONAlthough there Is no requirement for imnojbilizationof vehicles which use armed guards, this is a desirable,feature. The vehicle could have a provision for immobi-lization upon art authorized command originating fromwithin the vehicle. Once commanded, the immobi-liiation system should resist unauthorized deactivationIbr as long as feasible. Caution should be taken to assurethat activation devices which cause imnmobiliiation areadequately shielded to prevent them from being erier.gw.ed from spurious clectromagnetic signals.5-31.3