Regulatory Guide 5.31

Specially Designed Vehicle with Armed Guards for Road Shipment of Special Nuclear Material

ML13350A241
Person / Time
Issue date:	06/30/1974
From:	US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
To:
References
RG-5.031
Download: ML13350A241 (3)

Jime 1974 June 1974 U.S. ATOMIC EMERY COMMISSION

REGULATORY

DIRECTORATE Of REGULATORY STAINDARDS

GUIDE

REGULATORY GUIDE 5.31 SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLE WITH ARMED GUARDS FOR

ROAD SHIPMENT OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL

A. INTRODUCTION

ized entry tis provided, in part, by the armed picsonnel within the vehicle who axe in turn protected by the Paragraph 73.31(c) of 10 CFR Part 73, "Physcal inhercnt design of the armored vebIiclc.

Protection of Plants and Materials." requires that road movements of 5pecial nucleal material (SNM) Acc.eptable characteristics of vehicles and personnel in quantities identified in §73.l(bI(2) be protected by used in armored car s;erxe arc provided in this guide.

one of the following methods: (1) shipment with at least two armed guards accompanirng the shipment in a I. ARMOR

separate escort vehicle or (2) shipment in a specially designed truck or trailer which reduces the vulnerability Armored vehicles ate supplied to the industry by a to diversion by design features that permit irnmtobiiiia- very small number of manufactuters. The six-cific design tion of the van and provide barriers or deterrents to of the armor supplied by each comrpany is coiisidered physical penetration of the cargo compartment. If armed proprietary information. The armor can generally he guards are used with the specially designed vehicle, desribed With respect to its fesistance to projectile immobilization is not required. Paragraph 7330(d). penetration. All inanufacturers provide armor which will requires that the qualification of individuals to act as resist initial penetration by bullets frum readily available guards used pursuant to §73.3 I(c) be documented. This small urns. The armor is usually altxicd to the vehicle in guide describes features accvptabl to the Regplatory such a "v as to provide prultection to the occupants staff for a vehicle operated by armed guards to ship agains'r attlac from any external direction.

special nuclear material by road and for the quiific"ation of the armed guards. 2. CAlB-CARGU INTERFACE

The cab-caigo interface can be provided with several

B. DISCUSSION

options. In mrt cases the xparnting wall bttween cab and cargo compz? tment is armored to provide protection There are two approaches that can be taken to satisfy in case either conpartment is -compromise

d. A window

§73.31(c)2), i.e., specially designed truck or trailer. of bullet-resistzs-t material which allows the crew in one One method would be the use of a specially designed compartment to have . clear view of the access doors of secure cargo vehicle that is constructed so as to resist the ofther compirtmeni is ao provitied. Some models entry for a substantial period of time by unauthorized have a door tLat allows passage from the cab to the personnel using 3.wide variety of tools and weapons. The cargo compartment without leaving the vchicle. Ohiler penetration time would be commensurate with the time models are e4quipped with gunports that permit ftirng needed for law enforcement agencies to respond to the from cab to cargo compartmett.

scene of an emergency. The vehicle would be designed to be immobilized upon command in case of a diversion

3. GUARDS AND DRIVERS

attempt. Normally vi armored vehicle crew consists of two or three individuals divided between the cab and cargo The othl'r method would be through the use of tompnntrtnts. For long-d"tance trips the ciew is often armored car service. In this case resistance to unauthor- increased to xllow nst periods for drivers and guards.

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SNIA shipments we expected to involve frequent loaq 1- draw outside air from the fioat (cab area) of the vehicle distance trips of two or mome days. In order to uxintalin wd expl exhaut &ir tbroqh vests in the upper wa o4 - 0 %.

the full protective capacity of the armored service dune Z the vehicle. A alight postive iinterial pmwao provided then trips, it Is important that adequate crews fcU by the air system offten some resistance to the intro- continuous manning of both compartments dude 8 ductlon of gaseous subtaces. The &ssintake it under normal operation be supplied. Considerable flexibility Ian occupat control and can be closed. Soew vehic aie achieving this end would be provided if both guards an d normally equipped with gas masks. The use of ps mas*

driven were qualified and permitted to perform eitht er filters, and internal afr supplies for carrit of SNi function (guard or driver). would enhance the abibity of vehickle crew members to tesist gas attacks.

4. DOOR LOCKS

All armored vehicles are supplied with compartmu: it

9. ANTENNA PROTECTION

locks for both the cab and cargo doors. In many cam Almost all arnored vehicles am equipped with com- access to the cargo compuntment requires positive actio n munication systems of same kind Each eicle is by personne, in both compartments when the carg o equipped by the purchase of the vehicle althaqb h the compartment is occupied by a guard. manufacturer may provide mounting structures or access areas for the communication system comnponmt&. In S. ALARM SYSTEM some instnces, the parchamer may proviWe the can- Many '4 the armored cars presently in service are munication equipment to the manufacturer who will equipped ;ith audible alarms and/or flashing tighi ts install the equipment at the tim the vehicle is con- similar to ti ;so used by police and emergency vehicle! . structed. Both radio and radjotelephone systems are in The awarencs of attack that such alarms elicit in the use. Each tystem is dependent on the use of radio sgnals general public can facilitate response to attack cir received and transmitted from a vehicle-montied an- recovery of diverted material. tenna which could logically become the first target of an attack. Loss of an antenna during attack would pred"e

6. SECURING OF CARGO the vehicle occupants from either notifying extetral Armored cars have no standard provision for tyin g agents of the attack or firnn secking aid or mistance. To down cargo. This Is understandable In view of the types provide for sufficient delay during an attack for a vehicle of cargo normally handled by these carriers. For SNM4 crew to transmit emergency massages, antenna protec- cartage, where larger and heavier cargos can be expected . tion is desirable. Such protection could be provided in some provision for adequate tie-down restraint will b e the form of concealment. multiplicity, ot hardenizg. The required to provide for cargo integrity and personne I actual antenna could be concealed or designd to appear safety. It is expected that only minor effort and expens e as some other object while conventionaly appearing would be required to equip existing vehicles wit]h dummy antennas would be conspicuously located on the tie-down fittings. vehicle. Multiple antennas using internal switching could offer a d,.aIy sufficient to enable emergesny resses to

7. RADIATION MEASUREMENTS be transmitted. Hardened, attack-resistant antennas Each siipment will be configured at origin to be bi3 could be designed and ueed to provide a delay time.

compliance with Department of Transportation (DOT ) Combinationt of these or other smhiar methods could general packaging and safety requirements (DOT regu I- enhance the viability of transnission.

lation 49 CFR 173.393). Additionally. in order tio monitor total radiation absorbed by personnel, som e

C. REGULATORY POSITION

type of personnel dosimetry should be considered 1.

Types of personnel dosimeters are the filtm badge anwd The characteristics listed below are acceptable to the pocket dosimeter for gamma radiation, and the thei r- Regulatory staff for a road vehicle operated by armed moluminescent neutron dosimeter (TLD) for neutroin guards in order to comply with AEC regulations pcrttain radiation. The film badge consists of a film packet in a ing to SNM shipments. Additional Federal, State, and plastic holder. The film badge or TLD provide a& n lcal requirements pertaining to safe interstate sad local accurate Indication of exposure to radiation over a Ion g transport of cargo may also pertain to such shipments period of time. Since the film has to be developed anid and compliance with these requirements is expected.

read on a densitometer, it may take some time to obtaii 11 a radiation reading. The pocket dosimeter, on the othe r I. ARMOR

hand provides a quick estimate of radiation received ove r The vehicle should provide protection for the a short period of time, but is not as accurate as the filt a driver(s) and guard(s) against projectile impact. The badge for gamma radiation. external surface of the vehicle (side panels, floot, top, firewall area, and viewing areas) should be comstructed

& GAS PROTECTION of materials which are resistant to at least the muzzle Many of the newer armored vehicles use a flow *- impact energy of a .357 magnum bullet. The fuel tank(s)

through (front.to-back) air system for heating aniI should also be provided with similar protection against cooling the vehicle interior. Typically, these system 3 projectile impact. The fuel tank(s) should be equipped

5.31-2

with a lock-type cap and a screen in the tank neulc to compartment door lock should require positive action pl nt the insertion. of an explosive device into the by personnel at the cargo compartment door and fi the cab compartment. The cab compartment doors also I2. CAB.CARGO INTERFACE

The wall separating the cab and cargo compartments should normally be locked and should require key insertion for operation from the outside, should be armored. Additional features to be considered

5. ALARM SYSTEM

in the detailed construction of the cab-cargo interface Tile vehicle should be equipped with an audible depend ats the method sclectcd fot the protection of(the and/or visual alarm which is activated froni within the shipment. At least one of the methods listed below vehicle and which has the samte ranW, of detection as should be used. These methods are similar in that each that normally required by emergency vehicles. Dcac- provides the capability rot the crew to use fireamis to tivation of the alarn system circuitry should require prevent entry bi!o the cargo compartment without acccss to the armored comtnparttmentts of the velhicle.

leaving the vehtrde.

a. An armed guard should be pentianenty stationed

6. SECURING THE CARGO

in the cargo compartment. In this case, a continuous The vehicle should be ,supplied with fittings in tlrc wail of armuot with a buflet.resistant window would be cargo compartment to provide an adequate attachment considered adequate as a cab-cargo interface. for such securing devycos as are required to provide b. Access to the cargo compartnent fr(mn the cab restraint against substantial movement of or damage to

%houldbe available wo that a guard can go directli' front the cargo in normal operation and during emergency die cab to the cargo cornpaftmcnit without leaving the stops. The cargo must be secured as required by 49 CFR

vehicle. Part 177.

c. Gunports should be availabli which will permit firing from the cab into the cargo compartment, 7. RADIATION MEASUREMENTS

Additionally. the gunports should permit firing of the Personnel involved In the handling of radioactive wcapmi at wide angles so that overt entry from all sides material should be provided with a filmn badge, a pocket of the cargo compartmcnt call be prevented. dosimeter and for plutonium shipments, a titer- moluminescent neutron dosimete

r. These should he

3. GUARDS AND DRIVERS monitored after each trip.

All peorsonnel of an armored vehicle should be qualifred to perform all normal operational tasks in-

8. GAS PROTECTION

volved with a shipment. guards and drivers should th1b The vehicle cornpartlnents should be equipped witli be qualified to perform either function., and interchange gas masks, filters, or an internal air supply to permit the of functiom should be allowed if required for the safety crew to resist art attack by incapacitating gas for a and security of the cargo and crew, sufficient time to allow transmittal of a distrems message and, if possible, the arrival of aid.

Compliance with DOT regulation 49 CFR

173.3936X4) which deals with radiation levels in oc-

9. ANTENNA PROTECTION

cspied vehicle, should be mfaintdined in addition to Either a concealed or a hardened anterina should lie other applicable State and local requirements. All guards provided in order it) afford sufficient timte I"r the and drivers should be qualified ini accordance with A[iC comnmunication systeln to1transmit an cmncgeuncy nies- Regulatory Guide 5.20, "Training. Equipping. and sage.

Qualifying of Guards and Witchmarn," tir an equivalent program. 1

0. IMMOiJIZATION

Although there Is no requirement for imnojbilization

4. DOOR LOCKS of vehicles which use armed guards, this is a desirable, The cargo compartment doors should normally be in feature. The vehicle could have a provision for immobi- a locked mode and should he secured by n locking lization upon art authorized command originating from mechanism requiring positive action by personnel in within the vehicle. Once commanded, the immobi- both the cargo and cab compartments for operation if liiation system should resist unauthorized deactivation the cargo compartment is occupied. If the cargo corn- Ibr as long as feasible. Caution should be taken to assure parttrnm is not occupied, the cargo compartment door that activation devices which cause imnmobiliiation are lock should latch closed when shut, and should also be adequately shielded to prevent them from being erier.

further secured by a padlock. Opening of the cargo gw.ed from spurious clectromagnetic signals.

5-31.3