Text

Application for Amend to License NPF-38,consisting of Tech Spec Change Request NPF-38-59 Re Emergency Diesel Generators
	ML20214E576
Person / Time
Site:	Waterford
Issue date:	05/15/1987
From:	Cook K; LOUISIANA POWER & LIGHT CO.
To:	; NRC OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION & RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (ARM)
References
	W3P87-1046, NUDOCS 8705220151
	Download: ML20214E576 (1)
	v • d • e

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[ POWER & LiGHTLOUISI ANA / 317BARONNESTREET P. O. BOX 60340

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NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70160 + (504)595-3100

$20NivsY$

May 15, 1987 W3P87-1046 A4.05 QA U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ATTN: Document Control Desk Washington, D.C. 20555

SUBJECT:

Waterford SES Unit 3 Docket No. 50-382 Amendment to Technical Specification Change Request NPF-38-59 Emergency Diesel Generators

REFERENCE:

W3P87-0950 dated March 26, 1987.

Gentlemen:

By the referenced letter LP&L submitted a proposed change to the Technical Specification for the emergency diesel generators.

Based on subsequent discussions with your staff, LP&L requests an amendment to the proposed Technical Specification. Attachment A contains the original Technical Specification change request as submitted by the referenced letter. Attachment B represents the current change.

Because the current change is more restrictive than that originally proposed, the safety analysis submitted with the referenced letter remains bounding.

Should you require additional information, please contact Robert Murillo at (504) 595-2831.

Y ery truly,

/

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./,K.W. Cook 8705220151 870515 PDR ADOCK 05000382 P

PDR Nuclear Safety and Regulatory Affairs Manager KWC:MJM:ssf Attachments cc:

R.D. Martin, J.H. Wilson, NRC Resident Inspector's Office (W3), E.L.

Blake, W.M. Stevenson, C. Liang, Administrator Nuclear Energy Division (State of Louisiana), American Nuclear Insurers

.A "AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER"

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1 NPF-38-59 ATTACHMENT A t

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3/4.8 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 3/4.8.1 A.C. SOURCES OPERATING LIMITING CONDITION FOR OPERATION

3. 8.1.1 As a minimum, the following A.C. electrical power sources shall be OPERABLE:

Two physically independent circuits between the offsite transmission a.

network and the onsite Class IE distribution system, and b.

Two separate and independent diesel generators, each with:

1.

Diesel oil feed tanks containing a minimum volume of 337 gallons of fuel, and 2.

A separate diesel generator fuel oil storage tank containing a minimum volume of 38,760 gallons of fuel, and 3.

A separate fuel transfer pump.

APPLICABILITY: MODES 1, 2, 3, and 4.

ACTION:

a.

With either an offsite circuit or diesel nerato. or the above req red A.. electrical wer source noperable, d nstrate e

hERT OP RABIL of the r ining A.C.

rces by per ing Sur lance g

equir nts 4.8.

..la, and 4.

.1.2a.4. wi n 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months d at leas once per hours there er; restore least two ffsite ci uits an wo diesel rators to OP BLE status (thin 7 hours8.101852e-5 days 0.00194 hours 1.157407e-5 weeks 2.6635e-6 months o be in least HOT NDBY within t next 6 ho s and COLD SHUT 6J.ek.vithin the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

/.0- Withoneoffsite$ircuitandonedieselgeneratoroftheabove ffsife reouired A.C. electrical power sources inoperable, demonstrate the A.t. cir g OPERADILITY of the remaining ^.C? :: r::: by performing Surveillance Requirement / 4.8.1.1.la. = d '.0.1.1. h.'. within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter,4 Restore at least one of the IMEJET inoperable sources to OPERABLE status within 12 hours1.388889e-4 days 0.00333 hours 1.984127e-5 weeks 4.566e-6 months or be in at g

least HOT STANDBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUT 00WN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .l Restore at least two offsite ircuits and wo di el gene rs to RABLE us wi 72 h s fro

't ti of init loss e in least STANDB ithi e

INS next hours d in COL SHUTO within e follo na 30- urs.

/.d With one diesel generator inoperable, in addition to ACTION g.h or ) @*

i l

above, verify that:

(1) All required systems, subsystems, trains, components, and i

devices that depend on the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator i

as a source of emergency power are also OPERABLE, and (2) When in MODE 1, 2, or 3, the steam-driven emergency feeti pump is OPERABLE.

If these conditions are not satisfied within 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months be in at least HOT STANOBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUTDOWN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-1

=

. INSERT A

a. !With one offsite circuit of 3.8.1.la11noperable demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the remaining offsite A.C. circuit by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.'1.1.la within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months .and at:least once-per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter.

If either diesel generator has not been successfully' tested within the past 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months , demonstrate its -

OPERABILITY by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 separately for each diesel generator (unless it is already operating)

!within 24' hours. Restore the offsite A.C. circuit to OPERABLE status within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months or be in at least HOT STANDBY within the next 6. hours and 'in COLD SHUTDOWN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .-

b.

With one diesel generator of 3.;8.1.lb inoperable, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the offsite A.C. circuits by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1. la (separately for each of fsite A.C. ~ circuit) within I hour and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter. -If the diesel generator. became inoperable due to any cause.other than preplanned preventive maintenance or testing, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator by performing Surveillance Require-ment 4.8.1.1.2a.4 within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months . Restore the diesel generator to OPERABLE status within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months or be'in at least HOT STANDBY within-

.the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUTDOWN within the'following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

~ INSERT B and, if.the diesel generator became inoperable due to any cause other than preplanned preventive maintenance or testing, demonstrate the' OPERABILITY of the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator by performing Surveillance

-Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 within 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months (unless it is already operating).

INSERT C Restore the other A.C. power source (offsite A.C. circuit or diesel generator) to OPERABLE status in sccordance with the provisions of ACTION statement a or b, as appropriate, with the time requirement of that ACTION statement based on the time of initial loss of the remaining inoperable A.C. power source. A successful test of diesel generator OPERABILITY 'per Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel generator test requirement of ACTION statement a or b.

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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ACTION (Continued)

A #-

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LWith two of the above required offsite A.C. circuits inoperable.

l demonstrate the OPERA 8ILITY of two diesel generators by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4. within i 5:::

:t !:::t o w 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months th:r::'t:r, unless the diesel generators are alread operating; restore :t ?:::t one of the inoperable offsite to OPERABLE status within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months or be in at least HOT STANOBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months . IWith only one ffsite sour restore rest e at INSER7' lea two site cuits to RA8LE'st s within hour fr 3

t of ial ss or be '

at less T STAN08 ithin e

hours nd OLD S withi e fo11c i a 30 h s.

/.b With two of the above required diesel generators inoperable,

'l demonstrate the OPERA 8ILITY of two offsite A.C. circuits by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.la. within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter; restore :t ?:::t one of the

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inoperable diesel generators to OPERA 8LE status within 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months or be in at.least HOT STAND 8Y within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUT 00WN within the followino 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .I Restore least t diese generators g g y-to O ERA 8LE tus thin 72 ours f time o nitial ss o E

i t le 140T N08Y w in th ext 6 s and LO DOWN w thin a foi ina curs.

SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.8.1.1.1 Each of the above required independent circuits between the offsite

' transmission network and the onsite Class 1E distribution system shall be:

Determined OPERA 8LE at least once per 7 days by verifying correct a.

breaker alignments, indicated power availablity, and b.

Demonstrated OPERA 8tE at least once per 18 months by transferring manually and automatically unit power supply from the normal circuit to'the alternate circuit.

4.8.1.1.2 Each diesel generator shall be demonstrated OPERA 8LE:

In accordance with the frequency specified in Table 4.8-1 on a a.

STAGGERED TEST 8 ASIS by:

1.

Verifying the fuel level in the diesel oil feed tank, 2.

Verifying the fuel level in the diesel generator fuel oil storage tank, I

3.

Verifying the fuel transfer pump can be started and transfers j

fuel from the storage system to the diesel oil feed tank, WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-2 I

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INSERT D Following restoration of one offsite A.C. circuit, follow ACTION statement a with the time requirement of that ACTION statement based on the time of initial loss of the remaining inoperable offsite A.C. circuit.

A successful test of diesel generator 0PERABILITY per Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel generator test requirement of ACTION statement a.

INSERT E Following restoration on one diesel generator, follow ACTION statement b with the time requirement of that ACTION statement based on the time of-initial loss of the remaining inoperable diesel generator. A successful test of diesel generator OPERABILITY per Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel-generator test. requirement of ACTION statement b.

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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) 4.

Verifying the diesel starts from ambient condition and accelerates to at least 600 rpm (6011.2 Hz) in less than or equal to 10 seconds."

The generator voittge and frequency shall be 4160 t 420 volts and 60 i 1.2 Hz within 10 seconds" after the start signal.

The diesel generator shall be started for this test by using one of the following signals:

a)

Manual.

b)

Simulated loss of-offsite power by itself.

c)

Simulated loss-of-offsite power in conjunction with an ESF actuation test signal, d)

An ESF actuation test signal by itself.

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Verifying the generator is synchronized, loaded to..Tnn i cr :;::: t: 4400 kW in less than or equal to 176 seconds,* and operates with a load gr=tr t.'.r r ;;;; t: 4400 kW for at least an additional 60 minutes, and d 4dwe<>_No aM 6.

Verifying the diesel generator is aligned to provide stIandby power to the associated emergency busses.

b.

At least once per 31 days and after each operation of the diesel where the period of operation was greater than or equal to 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months by f

checking for and removing accumulated water from the diesel oil feed tanks.

At least once per 92 days and from new fuel oil prior to addition to c.

the storage. tanks, by obtaining a sample of fuel oil in accordance with ASTM-D270-1975, and by verifying that the sample meets the following minimum requirements and is tested within the specified time limits:

1.

As soon as sample is taken (or prior to adding new fuel to the storage tank) verify in accordance with the test specified in ASTM-0975-77 that the sample has:

a)

A water and sediment content of less or equal to 0.05 volume percent.

b)

A kinematic viscosity 9 40'C of greater than or equal to 1.9 centistokes, but less than or equal to 4.1 centistokes.

c')

A specific gravity as specified by the manufacturer 9 60/60'F of greater than or equal to 0.80 but less than or equal to 0.99 or an API gravity 9 60'F of greater than or equal to 11 degrees but less than or equal to 47 degrees.

"The diesel generator start (10 sec) and subsequent loading (176 sec) from ambient conditions shall be performed at least once per 184 days in these surveillance tests.

All other engine starts and loading for the purpose of this surveillance testing may be preceded by an engine prelube period and/or other warmup procedures recommended by the manufacturer so that mechanical stress and wear on the diesel engine is minimized.

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-3 s

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-ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) 2.

Verify an impurity level of less than 2 mg of insolubles per i.

100 ml when tested in accordance with ASTM-02274-70; analysis shall be completed within 7 days after obtaining the sample but inster may be performed after the addition of new fuel oi}; and j

p-3.

Verify the other properties specified in Table 1 of ASTM-0975-1977 and Regulatory Guide 1.137, ' Revision 1, October 1979, Position 2.a., when tested in accordance with ASTM-0975-1977; analysis shall be completed within 14 days after obtaining the sample but may be performed after the addition of new fuel oilj At least once per 18 months during shutdown by:

d.

1.

Verifying the generator capability to reject a load of greater than or equal to 498 kW (HPSI pump) while maintaining voltage at 4160 + 420 volts and frequency at 60 +4.5, -1.2 Hz.

2.

Verifying the generator capability to reject a load of 4400 kW l

without tripping.

The generator voltage shall not exceed i

4784 volts during and following the load rejection.

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l 3.

Simulating a loss-of-offsite power by itself, and:

l a)

Verifying deenergization of the emergency busses and load shedding from the emergency busses.

b) i Verifying the diesel starts on the auto-start signal, energizes the emergency busses with permanently connected loads within 10 seconds after the auto start signal, i

energizes the auto-connected shutdown loads through the i

load sequencer and operates for greater than or equal to 5 minutes while its generator is loaded with the shutdown loads.

i After energization, the steady-state voltage and frequency of the emergency busses shall be maintained at

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4160

420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.3 Hz during this test.

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4.

Verifying that on an SIAS actuation test signal (without loss-of-offsite power) the diesel generator starts on the auto start signal and operates on standby for greater than or equal to 5 minutes.

The steady-state generator voltage and frequency l

shall be 4160 2 420 volts and 60

1.2 Hz within 10 seconds i

l after the auto-start signal; the generator voltage and frequency shall be maintained within these limits during this test.

5.

Simulating a loss-of-offsite power in conjunction with an SIAS

(

actuation test signal, and a)

Verifying deenergization of the emergency busses and load shedding from the emergency busses.

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WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-4 AMENDMENT NO. 4 I-

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. INSERT F Failure.to meet this requirement shall not affeetIdiesel generator. OPERABILITY;

- however, corrective action shall be initiated'within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months to return the.

Lfuel oil' supply to'within acceptable limits.:

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' ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) b)

Verifying the-diesel starts on the auto start signal, en-ergizes the emergency busses with permanently connected loads within 10 seconds after the auto start signal, ener-gizes the auto-connected emergency loads through the load sequencer. and operates 'for greater than or equal to 5 min-utes. After energization, the steady-state voltage and frequency of the emergency busses shall be maintained at 4160

420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.3 Hz during this test.

c)

Verifying that all automatic diesel generator trips, ex-capt engine overspeed and generator differential, are automatically bypassed upon loss of voltage on the' emer-gency bus concurrent with a safety injection actuation signal.

6.

Verifying the diesel generator operates for at least 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months .

During the first 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months of this test, the diesel generator N

Ja/aevis Wb shall be loaded to

-^-- '" -- - --' - 4840 kW and during l

the remaining 22 hours2.546296e-4 days 0.00611 hours 3.637566e-5 weeks 8.371e-6 months of this test, the diesel generator shall a4:/

be loaded to greater than or equal to 4400 kW.

The generator voltage and freqency shall be 4160

420 volts and 60 2 1.2 Hz within 10 seconds after the start signal; the steady-state r,anerator voltage and frequency shall be 4160 2 420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.3 Hz during this test. Within 5 minutes after

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completing this 24-hour test, perform Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2.d.46.

3b.

7.

Verifying that the auto-connected loads to each diesel generator do not exceed the 2000-hour rating of 4400 kW.

8.

Verifying the diesel generator's capability to:

a)

Synchronize with the offsite power source while the generator is loaded with its emer tion of offsite power, gency loads upon a simulated restora-b)

Transfer its loads to the offsite power source, and c)

Be restored to its standby status.

9.

Verifying that with the diesel generator operating in a test mode (connected to its bus), a simulated safety injection signal overrides the test mode by (1) returning the diesel generator to standby operation and (2) automatically energizes the emergency loads with offsite power.

10.

Verifying that the fuel transfer pump transfers fuel from each fuel storage tank to the diesel oil feed tank of each diesel via the installed cross connection lines.

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-5 AMENDMENT NO. '.

TA8LE 4.8-1 DIESEL GENERATOR TEST SCHEDULE

.20 NUMBER OF FALLURES IN Naivd/d of F4 wars M LAST VALID TESTS.*

zasr /oo va/D 7r575

TEST FREQUENCY p

11 fg At least once per 31 days

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At least once per 7 days N

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" Criteria for determining number of failures and number of valid tests shall be in accordance with Regulatory Position C.2.e_of_ Regulatory 14 "#

Guide 1.108, Revision 1, August 1977, where the last+100 tests are I

determined on a pergr!r rit basis.

For the purposes of this M

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test schedule, onTy' valid tests conducted after the Operating License issuance date shall be included in the computation of the "last 100 valid tests".

Entry into this test schedule shall be made at the 31 day test frequency. Jncreased test gefuesay de one disse /

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WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-7

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NPF-38-59 ATTACHMENT B l

3/4.8 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 3/4.8.1 A.C. SOURCES OPERATING LIMITING CONDITION FOR OPERATION

3. 8.1.1 As a minimum, the following A.C. electrical power sources shall be OPERABLE:

Two physically independent circuits between-the offsite transmission a.

network and the onsite Class IE distribution system, and b.

Two separate and independent diesel generators, each with:

1.

Diesel oil feed tanks containing a minimum volume of 337 gallons of fuel, and 2.

A separate diesel generator fuel oil storage tank containing a minimum volume of 38,760 gallons of fuel, and 3.

A separate fuel transfer pump.

APPLICABILITY: MODES 1, 2, 3, and 4.

ACTION:

a.

With either an offsite circuit or diesel nerator or the above reg red A.. electrical wer source noperable, d nstrate e

hgg,7 OP RA81L of the r ning A.C.

rces by per ing Sur lance g

equir ents 4.8

.la. and 4.

.1.2a.4. wi n 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months d at L

leas once per hours there er; restore least two ffsite ci uits an wo diesel rators to OP 8LE status ithin hours o be in least HOT N08Y within t next 6 ho s and COLD SHUTOOWN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

I.b Withoneoffsite#jcircuitandonedieselgeneratoroftheabove offsife required A.C. electrical cower sources inoperable, demonstrate the A.B. cirg OPERA 81LITY of the remaining ^.C? ::r:= by performing Surveillance Requirement / 4.8.1.1.la. = ' C.1.1. h.'. within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at

=

least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafteru Sestore at least one of the 7gggg7" inoperable sources to OPERA 8LE status within 12 hours1.388889e-4 days 0.00333 hours 1.984127e-5 weeks 4.566e-6 months or be in at g

least HOT STAN08Y within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUT 00WN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months . I Restore at least two offsite ircuits and wo d el gene rs to 8LE us wi 72 h fro t

ti of ini loss e in least STAN08 ithi e

. INS next hours d in COL SHUTO within e foll no 30- urs.

/.8 With one diesel generator inoperable, in addition to ACTION g.Aorg.6-above, verify that:

i (1) All required systems, subsystems, trains, components, and I

devices that depend on the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator l

as a source of emergency power are also OPERA 8LE, and (2) When in MODE 1, 2, or 3, the steam-driven emergency feed pump is OPERA 8LE.

If these conditions are not satisfied within 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months be in at least HOT STAN08Y within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUTOOWN within the i

following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-1

INSERT A With one offsite circuit of 3.8.1.la inoperable, demonstrate the a.

OPERABILITY of the remaining offsite A.C. circuit by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.la within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter.

If either diesel generator has not been successfully tested within the past 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months , demonstrate its OPERABILITY by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 separately for each diesel generator (unless it is already operating) within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months . Restore the offsite A.C. circuit to OPERABLE status within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months or be in at least HOT STANDBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUTDOWN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months , b.

With one diesel generator of 3.8.1.1b inoperable, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the offsite A.C. circuits by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.la (separately for each offsite A.C. circuit) within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter.

If the diesel generator became inoperable due to any cause other than preplanned preventive maintenance or testing, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator by performing Surveillance Require-ment 4.8.1.1.2a./. within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months . Restore the diesel generator to OPERABLE status within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months or be in at least HOT STANDBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUTDOWN within the following 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

INSERT B and, if the diesel generator became inoperable due to any cause other than preplanned preventive maintenance or testing, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of the remaining OPERABLE diesel generator by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 within 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months (unless it is already operating).

INSERT C Restore the other A.C. power source (of fsite A.C. circuit or diesel generator) to OPERABLE status in accordance with the provisions of ACTION statement a or b, as appropriate, with the time requirement of that ACTION statement based on the time of initial loss of the remaining inoperable A.C. power source. A successful test of diesel generator OPERABILITY per Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel generator test requirement of ACTION statement a or b.

e

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ACTION (Continued)

N" A. d-

/. # ' With two of the above required offsite A.C. circuits inoperable, demonstrate the OPERABILITY of two diesel generators by performing

, l Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4. within 1 5::

?:r 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months th:r: M t:r, unless tne diesel generators are alread

)

4 et !:::t cr :

operating; restore :t h ;t one of the inoperable offsite :: uric _ tog OPERABLE status within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months or be in at least HOT STANOBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months . IWith only one ffsite sour restore rest e at IMSgRT lea two site cuits to RABLE st s within hour from/

)

t of ial ss or be at leas T STANOBv ithin e jne hours nd COLD S WN withi e follow' a 30 h s,

/.b With two of the above required diesel generators inoperable, l

demonstrate the OPERABILITY of two offsite A.C. circuits by performing Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.la. within 1 hour1.157407e-5 days 2.777778e-4 hours 1.653439e-6 weeks 3.805e-7 months and at least once per 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months thereafter; restore :t ?:::t one of the l

inoperable diesel generators to OPERABLE status within 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months or be in at least HOT STANDBY within the next 6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and in COLD SHUT 00WN within the followina 30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .I Restore least t diese generators ygggf to O ERABLE tus thin 72 ours fr time o nitial s org E

i t lea NOT NOBY w in th ext 6 h s and LO JS dTDOWN w thin a foi owina curs.

SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.8.1.1.1 Each of the above required independent circuits between the offsite transmission network and the onsite Class 1E distribution system shall be:

Determined OPERABLE at least once per 7 days by verifying correct a.

breaker alignments, indicated pcwer availablity, and b.

Demonstrated OPERABLE at least once per 18 months by transferring manually and automatically unit power supply from the normal circuit to the alternate circuit.

4.8.1.1.2 Each diesel generator shall be demonstrated OPERA 8LE:

In accordance with the frequency specified in Table 4.8-1 on a 4

a.

STAGGERED TEST BASIS by:

1.

Verifying the fuel level in the diesel oil feed tank, 2.

Verifying the fuel level in the diesel generator fuel oil storage tank, 3.

Verifying the fuel transfer pump can be started and transfers fuel from the storage system to the diesel oil feed tank, WATERFORO - UNIT 3 3/4 8 2

[

INSERT D Following restoration of one offsite A.C. circuit, follow ACTION statement a with the time requirement of that ACTION statement based on the time of initial-loss of the remaining inoperable of fsite A.C. circuit.

A successful test of diesel generator,0PERABILITY per Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel generator test requirement of ACTION statement a.

INSERT E Following restoration on one diesel generator, follow ACTION statement b with the time requirement of.that ACTION statement based on the time of initial loss of the remaining inoperable diesel generator. A successful test of diesel generator OPERABILITY per Surveillance Requireuent 4.8.1.1.2a.4 performed under this ACTION statement satisfies the diesel generator test requirement of ACTION statement b.

f

[

e

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM -

i SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) 4 4.

Verifying the diesel starts from ambient condition and accelerates to at least 600 rps (60 1 1.2 Hz) in less than or equal to 10 seconds.*i The generator voltage and frequency shall be 4160 t 420 volts and 60 2 1.2 Hz within 10 seconds

after the start signal.

The diesel generator shall be started for this test by using one of the following signals:

a)

Manual.

f b)

Simulated loss-of-offsite power by itself.

c)

Simulated loss-of-offsite power in conjunction with an ESF l

actuation test signal.

d)

An ESF actuation test signal by itself.

5.

Verifying the generator is synchronized, loaded to ; ;;t:r th:r.

- Or ^^r ! t: "^^ W in less than or equal to 176 seconds,* and l

44 in d e /e d operates H th : !d -

t:r '"- -- ^ ^- -' ^ ^ "^^ '" fo r at leastanadditional65m::inutes,and F

g,too.pvoo t 6.

Verifying the diesel generator is aligned to provide standby power to the associated emergency busses.

b.

At least once per 31 days and after each operation of the diesel where the period of operation was greater than or equal to I hour by r

i checking for and removing accumulated water from the diesel oil feed

}

tanks.

At least once per 92 days and from new fuel oil prior to addition to c.

the storage tanks, by obtaining a sample of fuel oil in accordance l

with ASTM-D270-1975, and by verifying that the sample meets the following minimum requirements and is tested within the specified l

time limits:

1 1.

As soon as sample is takeri (or prior to adding new fuel to the storage tank) verify in accordance with the test specified in ASTM-D975-77 that the sample has:

a)

A water and sediment content of less or equal to 0.05 volume percent.

b)

A kinematic viscosity 9 40*C of greater than or equal to 1.9 contistokes, but less than or equal to 4.1 centistokes.

j c')

A specific gravity as specified by the manufacturer 9 l

60/60*F of rester than or equal to 0.80 but less than or l

equal to 0. 9 or an API gravity 9 60*F of greater than or j

equal to 11 degrees but less than or equal to 47 degrees.

"The diesel generator start (10 sec) and subsequent loading (176 sec) from ambient conditions shall be performed at least once per 184 days in these surveillance tests.

All other engine starts and loading for the purpose of this surveillance testing may be preceded by an engine prelube period and/or i

other warmup procedures recommended by the manufacturer so that mechanical stress and wear on the diesel engine is minimized.

'* See r^l5ERT G j

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-3 i

l i

l ELECTRICAL. POWER SYSTEMS 4

SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) 2.

Verify an impurity level of less than 2 mg of insolubles per 100 ml when tested in accordance with ASTM-02274-70; analysis i

shall be completed within 7 days after obtaining the sample but 4

may be performed after the addition of new fuel oi}; and l

INSEAT p-3.

Verify the other properties specified in Table 1 of ASTM-0975-1977 and Regulatory Guide 1.137, Revision 1, October 1979, Position 2.a., when tested in accordance with ASTM-0975-1977; analysis shall be completed within 14 days after obtaining the sample but r

maybeperformedaftertheadditionofnewfueloilj l

At least once per 18 months during shutdown by:

d.

1.

Verifying the generator capability to reject a load of gieater than or equal to 498 kW (HPSI pump) while maintaining voltage at 4160 + 420 volts and frequency at 60 +4.5, -1.2 Hz, 2.

Verifying the generator capability to reject a load of 4400 kW without tripping.

The generator voltage shall not exceed

}

4784 volts during and following the load rejection.

3.

Simulating a loss-of-offsite power by itself, and:

a)

Verifying deenergization of the emergency busses and load shedding from the emergency busses.

b)

Verifying the diesel starts on the auto start signal, energizes the emergency busses with permanently connected loads within 10 seconds after the auto-start signal, energizes the auto-connected shutdown loads through the l

load sequencer and operates for greater than or equal to 5 minutes while its generator is loaded with the shutdown l

loads.

After energization, the steady-state voltage and frequency of the emergency busses shall be maintained at 4160 420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.3 Hz during this test.

4.

Verifying that on an SIAS actuation test signal (without loss-of-offsite power) the diesel generator starts on the auto-start signal and operates on standby for greater than or equal to 5 minutes.

The steady-state generator voltage and frequency i

shall be 4160 2 420 volts and 60 t 1.2 Hz within 10 seconds i

after the auto-start signal; the generator voltage and frequency I

shall be maintained within these limits during this test.

5.

Simulating a loss-of-offsite power-in conjunction with an SIAS l

actuation test signal, and l'

a)

Verifying deenergization of the emergency busses and load shedding from the emergency busses.

I WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-4 AMENDMENT NO. 4

f.

~ [

x Jr _

INSERT F f

Failure to ' meet' this requirement shall not affect diesel generator OPERABILITY;

. however, corrective action shall-be initiated within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days 0.02 hours 1.190476e-4 weeks 2.7396e-5 months to return the fuel oil supply to within acceptable limits.

, t P

1 i

, P

{

I I

\\

i k

t F

r r

f.'

L 5

Y 9

t n

i F

P e

i---se-,

w--

,,.rs m [

.w e m.....,,,.,,_n.

r,,

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 6

SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) b)

Verifying the diesel starts on the auto-start signal, en-ergizes the emergency busses with permanently connected loads within 10 seconds after the auto-start signal, ener-gizes the auto-connected emergency loads through the load sequencer and operates for greater than or equal to 5 min-utes. After energization, the steady state voltage and frequency of the emergency busses shall be maintained at 4160 2 420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.~3 Hz during this test.

c)

Verifying that all automatic diesel generator trips, ex-capt engine overspeed and generator differential, are automatically bypassed upon loss of voltage on the emer-gency bus concurrent with a safety injection actuation signal.

6.

Verifying the diesel generator operates for at least 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months .

During the first 2 hours2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months of this test, the diesel generator p js//4kc/

( shall be loaded togr;;t:r th:2 ;r :;;' t: " 0 hU and during U## '* # #,,,,

Ine remaining 22 hours2.546296e-4 days 0.00611 hours 3.637566e-5 weeks 8.371e-6 months of this test, the diesel generator shall be loaded to greater than or equal to 4400 kW.

The generator voltage and freqency shall be 4160

420 volts and 60 1 1.2 Hz within 10 seconds after the start signal; the steady-state generator voltage and frequency shall be 4160

420 volts and 60 + 1.2, -0.3 Hz during this test.

Within 5 minutes after completing this 24-hour test, perform Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.2.d.3tf.

2 b. * *

7.

Verifying that the auto-connected loads to each diesel generator do not exceed the 2000-hour rating of 4400 kW.

j 8.

Verifying the diesel generator's capability to:

a)

Synchronize with the offsite power source while the generator is loaded with its emergency loads upon a simulated restora-tion of offsite power, b)

Transfer its loads to the offsite power source, and c)

Be restored to its standby status.

9.

Verifying that with the diesel generator operating in a test mode (connected to its bus), a simulated safety injection signal overrides the test mode by (1) returning the diesel generator to standby operation and (2) automatically energizes the emergency loads with offsite power.

10.

Verifying that the fuel transfer pump transfers fuel from each fuel storage tank to the diesel oil feed tank of each die:e1 via the installed cross connection lines.

See ThlSERT &

WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-5 AMENDMENT NO. 4

- - See 1NSERT H

~

- INSERT G

- This band -is meant L as guidance to avoid routine overloading of the L

' engine.>. Loads in excess of. this band for special testing under direct monitoring of the manufacturer-or momentary variation due to changing bus' loads shall net invalidate the test.-

~

INSERT H

-***:If Surveillance Requirement 4.8.1.1.24 3b is not satisfactorily, completed, it is not necessary to repeat the preceding 24-hour test. ~Instead. the

' diesel generator suay be operated at an indicated 4200-4400 kw** for 1

. hour or until internal operating temperatures have stabilized.

6 INSERT J'.

If the number of-failures in the last 20 or 100 starts (on a per diesel generator basis) exceeds the criteria of in Table 4.8-2, take the appropriate action specified:in that Table.

n I'

i.

l

l l

l t-I l

t ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS (Continued) 11.

Verifying that the automatic load sequence timer is OPERABLE with the time of each load block within +10% of the sequenced load block time.

12.

Verifying that the following diesel generator lockout features prevent diesel generator starting only when required:

a) turning gear engaged b) emergency stop c) loss of D.C. control power d) governor fuel oil linkage tripped At the first refueling outage, and thereafter, at intervals not to ex-

. e.

caed 24 months, subject the diesels to an inspection in accordance with procedures prepared in conjunction with its manufacturer's recom-mandations for this class of standby service, f.

At least once per 10 years or after any modifications which could affect diesel. generator interdependence by starting the diesel generators simultaneously, during shutdown, and verifying that the diesel generators accelerate to at least 600 rps (60 t 1.2 Hz) in less than or equal to 10 seconds.

~

g.

At least once per 10 years by:

1.

Draining each diesel generator fuel oil storage tank, removing the accumulated sediment, and cleaning the tank using a sodium hypochlorite solution or equivalent, and 2.

Performing a pressure test of those portions of the diesel fuel oil system designed to Se'ction III, subsection N0 of the ASME Code at _a test pressure equal to 110% of the system design pressure.

h.

By performing a visual inspection of the interior of the diesel generator fuel oil storage tanks each time the tank is drained and, if necessary, clean the tank with a sodium hypochlorite solution, or equivalent.

4.8.1.1.3 Reports - All diesel generator failures, valid or nonvalid, shall be reported in a Special Report to the Commission pursuant to Specification 6.9.2 within 30 days.

Reports of diesel generator failures shall include the information recommended in Regulatory Position C.3.b of Regulatory Guide 1.108, Revision 1. Auaust 1977.IIT the number f fattures the last 10 valid tes s (on er nucl r unit sis) is er than qual to 7, report s b

ppl ed to ude the ditional i reation r nded in ulatory P ition. 3.b of aculatorv uida 1.108.

avision 1. Auaust 1977.

INSERT WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-6 AIGNDMENT NO. 4

+

.r..,.,

.,..,.,,,,.-,.,.,.,,,c.

,,nm,

,,_,..,,,,,,.,,,,,n.__,,,,_,,__.,,,,.,.n_,

TABLE 4.8-1 DIESEL GENERATOR TEST SCHEDULE 20 NUH8ER OF FAILURES IN Nantd/d of M/wdrs M

'LAST VALIO TESTS.*

z/ur /oo vAtuD rrs75

TEST FREQUENCY 5, 1 fg At least once per 31 days

-+-

"^.1;;;t :.;; ;;r M tj;

- + 2.2. "

g 4--

At least once per 7 days 9

it I;;;^. ;.;; ;;.- 2 C,,

" Criteria for determining number of failures.and number of valid tests Guide 1.108, Revision 1. August 1977, where the last+100 10 Yl determined on a per_ruc h:r ur M basis.

d4 For the purposes of this

/p(

test schedule, onTy~ valid tests conducted after the Operating License issuance date shall be included in the computation of the "last 100

- 7 valid tests".

31 day test frequency. Entry into this test schedule shall be made at the Jocre,se d g,s / 4efsenoy de one a'inse/

fenerefor 64eil nof etYeed Me les/ Wwfaromy Ar de Nssrih dese/ fone<, toc enn ande< de sinom nrsr ans.rs an The essocirfoo' desf Quency sde// A* Micihtehind onh*/ deven consecutive fei/are-Gee demands seye Joen pe<4rmes and Me number o f failures in the /rst.so s+/// okmends has been ma' coo' to o n e.

o

MM O rfes*$ o dd$W"/??/Niny /ke fefy,N/ fggf,$y~

of U

J

,gpg g

yy,yyy bGs0 $9tbfe eo"AY n4y be Mo' cec' do yero // 4 pp,gpkpfr a,Leye/

e f

overke/ fo /id'-new avidinbns is completed, fmvided y4ef ysie overku/

e ine/udig offrefnkk fasf-nkinfonence o,qam66n and der 4ny is sjwince/f affand by 14e moire,$c6,ivr rird if exeffad/e re/iodi//77 des Jeen oe'nwnsftofeo' 74e ie//ej;ffy crifarian sde// de successA/ comfk&n o/ /4 conseea//ve des /s 41 a sing senes; to af /dese fes/s sho// de As acordence aMi Survei//coce Jepulsessenf +'2a.sa. 44.s nod' # o/ dese d'sk she// ine/us'e the psf.s/erf osid fes/ My mfenemsn/ibf*n' cindknf ordikns) os described is nre esteri;sses' (k)so/e lo 1

ff,e 4,6 errm/brea' sur oei/Ance twfoirements.

If dis or/A'ri'a so/c Ad dariny /ue /he 7Wure awnf foof ks/s, ony e/A'es*k de 4r/. series is ne/

1 lise d 7b ;frw:ar w z,ero 77/47 triferion be N71/ 's?ferith'd' /s/IN f/Wr Gff/*k'4/ b ' ;t$e A/$C.

Only h

f WATERFORD - UNIT 3 3/4 8-7

s

TABLE 4.8-2 ADDITIONAL RELIABILITY' ACTIONS No. of failures No. of failures in last 20

-in last 100 valid tests valid tests:

Action 3

6 Within.14 days prepare and' maintain a report for NRC audit describing the diesel generator reliability improvement program implemented at the site (see Note 1).

5 11' Declare the diesel generator inoperable. Perform a requali-fication test program for the' affected diesel generator (see Note 2).

i e

e i

_y..------

n -. - -

l ?

~

TABLE'4-8-2-(Continued)

TABLE NOTATIONS

~

!(1): - As a minimum the Reliability-Improvement Program report f' r NRC audit shal'l.

o Jinclude:

f a) a summary of all tests (valid an'd invalid) that occurred within1the time period over which the last 20/100 valid tests were performed b)' analysis of failEras~and determination of. root causes of failures

~

I c) -evaluation of each of.the recommendations'of NUREG/CR-0660,

" Enhancement.of Onsite Emergency Diesel Generator Reliability lLn -

Operating Reactors", with respect-to their application to the Plant

~

d)' identification' of all actions taken or to be taken to 1) correct

.the root ca'uses of failures defined in b) above and 2)~ achieve a general. improvement of diesel generator reliability e) the schedule for implementation of each action from d) above.

' i f) an assessment of the existing-reliability. of electric power to engineered safety feature equipment 4EEM Oncetheinitialreport-hasjprepareddetailingthe'dieselgenerator:

jp'

.' reliability improvement program, as defined above, only a supplemental-report-is -required within 14 days af ter each failure during a valid demand for so long as the-affected diesel generator unit continues to violate.the criteria -(3/20 or 6/100) for the reliability improvement program remedial-action. The. supplemental report need-only update the. failure / demand history for the affected diesel generator unit since the last~ report for.

that diesel generator. The supplemental report shall'also present an analysis of the failure (s) with a root cause. determination, if possible.'

and shall delineate any.further procedural, hardware or~ operational-y changes to be incorporated into the site diesel generator improvement program and the schedule for implementation of those changes.

In addition to the above, submit a yearly ~ data report on.the diesel generator reliability.

(2)

The diese1' generator requalification program shall consist of the following:

(a) ' Perform seven consecutive successful demands without a-failure within 30 days of diesel generator being restored to operable status and l

fourteen consecutive successful demands without a failure within 75 7

days of diesel generator of being restored to operable status.

TW6 (b) If a failure occurs during he first seven tests in the-requalification test program,; perform sev n successful demands without an additional 4

0 failure within 30 days of diesel generator.ed being restored to operable status and fourteen consecutive successful demands without a failure within 75 days of being restored to operable status, i

t v

-m v

r wea e,e-v O -,vwb--w-=-w--e=m-

w,-.--

+ = - -

,w--

+.,em,,

w

~-v-

>v--,

e--

- r e+

w

+

--s

-+---s p-e<

=tvw-t t

==---+g-emgy--

mme

-s ayr

37

. y _.

(c)' If a failure; occurs during the second seven' tests (tests 8 through-

14) of (s) above, perform fourteen consecutive successful demands -

without an additional failure within 75 days of the failure which

occurred during the.requalification testing.

(d)L - Following,the second failure during the requalification test program.-

be'in at:least HOT STANDBY ~within the next.6 hours6.944444e-5 days 0.00167 hours 9.920635e-6 weeks 2.283e-6 months and COLD SHUTDOWN within the following'30 hours3.472222e-4 days 0.00833 hours 4.960317e-5 weeks 1.1415e-5 months .

(e) During requalification testing the diesel generator should not be

~

tested more frequently than at 24-hour intervals.

After a' diesel generator has been successfully requalified, subsequent repeated.requalification.testsLwill not be required'for that diesel genera-

. tor. under the following conditions:

(f) The number of failures 'in the last' 20 valid demands 'is'less than 5.

(g) The number of' failures in the last-100 valid demands is less than 11.

(h) In.the event that following. successful requalification of a diesel generator, the number of failures is still in excess of the remedial action criteria (f and/or g above) the following exception will be allowed until the diesel generator is no longer in violation of'the remedial; action' criteria (f.and/or g above).

Requalification testing will not beLrequired provided that after each valid demand the' number of failures -in the last 20 and/or 100 valid demands has not increased. Once the diesel' generator.is no longer in violation of the.

remedial action criteria.ab~ve,the provisions of those criteria alone will o

' prevail.

5 f

,

W3P87-1046, Application for Amend to License NPF-38,consisting of Tech Spec Change Request NPF-38-59 Re Emergency Diesel Generators

Text

SUBJECT:

REFERENCE:

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W3P87-1046, Application for Amend to License NPF-38,consisting of Tech Spec Change Request NPF-38-59 Re Emergency Diesel Generators

Text

SUBJECT:

REFERENCE:

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