ML23341A120
| ML23341A120 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 12/13/2023 |
| From: | Eric Focht NRC/RES/DE |
| To: | Steve Ruffin NRC/RES/DE |
| Eric Focht 301-415-2094 | |
| References | |
| Download: ML23341A120 (13) | |
Text
MEMORANDUM TO:
Steve Ruffin, Chief Materials Engineering Branch Division of Engineering Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research FROM:
Eric Focht Materials Engineering Branch Division of Engineering Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
SUBJECT:
SUMMARY
OF THE OCTOBER 24-26, 2023, NRC WORKSHOP ON ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff from the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) and the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) held a workshop on October 24-26, 2023, on advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) for nuclear applications.
The purpose of this workshop was to discuss ongoing activities related to AMTs including nuclear and non-nuclear industry implementation plans, qualification and certification approaches, research, and codes and standards activities.
The public meeting summary, workshop agenda, and list of workshop participants are enclosed.
The workshop presentations are in the Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) under ADAMS package accession number ML23324A231.
Enclosures:
As stated CONTACT: Eric Focht, RES/DE/MEB 301-415-2094 December 13, 2023 Signed by Focht, Eric on 12/13/23
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Public Meeting Summary
Title:
2023 NRC Workshop on Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Nuclear Applications Meeting Identifier:
20231129 Date of Meeting:
October 24-26, 2023 Location:
NRC One White Flint North, TWFN Auditorium (HQ-TWFN-P2AUD) 11555 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD Type of Meeting:
Information Meeting with Question and Answer Session.
Purpose of the Meeting: The purpose of this workshop was to update the staff and stakeholders on (1) practical experience and plans for implementing advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) for nuclear and non-nuclear components, (2) AMT process/part qualification and certification approaches, including the incorporation of modeling and simulation, and (3) the latest developments in codes and standards pertaining to AMT adoption.
General Details: This workshop was conducted as a hybrid meeting over three days with about 50 in-person attendees and approximately 340 online attendees representing domestic and international research, academic, industry, and regulatory organizations. The workshop was organized into four sessions, which were chaired by NRC staff members:
Session 1: Implementation of AMTs in Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Applications Session 2: Qualification and Certification Session 3: Performance Characteristics Session 4: Code and Standards Session Summaries:
Session 1:
Presentations were given by NRC, Rolls Royce, Sheffield Forgemasters, U.S. Navy, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Framatome, Lincoln Electric, Siemens Energy, and Westinghouse.
The topics presented included experience with implementing powder metallurgy with hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP) to manufacture nuclear components, implementing AMTs in the U.S. Navy fleet, electron beam welding, AMTs for nuclear fuel components, AMTs role in making spare parts on demand, AMTs role in the nuclear energy sector, and plans to develop a framework for qualifying AMT components and to conduct demonstrations for inserting AMT components in nuclear applications.
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Session 2:
Presentations were given by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ORNL, Siemens Energy, Barnes Global, Battelle, American Bureau of Shipbuilding, ANL, Pratt & Whitney, and the University of Texas San Antonio.
The topics presented included qualification and certification approaches for materials, processes, and equipment, accelerated qualification, and modeling and simulation.
Rapid high throughput testing and NDE were also covered.
Session 3:
Presentations were given by Naval Nuclear Laboratory, ANL, Materials Testing Institute (U. of Stuttgart), Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and Rolls Royce.
The topics presented included testing approaches and results for PM-HIP nickel-base alloys, laser power bed fusion (LPBF) of 316L stainless steel for high temperature applications, irradiation and corrosion testing of LPBF-manufactured materials, performance of LPBF 316L stainless steel in light water reactor relevant environments, data generation and fatigue design curve development for LBPF 316LN stainless steel, and an overview of a new project to perform a critical assessment of the safety of AMTs for international SMR concepts.
Session 4:
Presentations were given by ASTM International, America Makes and GBR Consulting.
The topics covered included overviews of activities related to the challenges and opportunities associated with additive manufacturing materials data, the current state of additively manufactured nickel-based super alloys and a future look at AMTs within the casting and forging industries, and ASME criteria for additive manufacturing.
Key Takeaways:
Session 1:
Several sectors are implementing AMT components to meet the needs of their stakeholders/customers, which satisfies a business case:
Improve parts availability to improve readiness Broaden the supply chain Manage component obsolescence Optimize cost and performance Initial applications have been low risk to gather manufacturing and operating experience.
Safety-significant applications are proceeding cautiously.
It is important for designers to be proactive and intimately involved with fabrication process, especially as safety-significance increases.
Significant opportunities exist for supporting both existing and future platforms.
Session 2:
Multiple qualification pathways:
Traditional testing based Traditional coupled with better process controls and monitoring
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Accelerated, with modeling and simulation (M&S) support (integrated computational materials engineering (ICME))
Initial qualification and certification (Q&C) is largely following the traditional path used for conventional materials for adoption with Codes (e.g., ASME), material property databases (e.g., MMPDS) and applications (e.g., first article testing).
M&S provides the opportunity to both identify critical tests for optimizing/demonstrating additive manufacturing (AM) systems while simultaneously accelerating Q&C:
Building trust in M&S approaches is needed to fully realize their benefits There may be opportunities to leverage Q&C efforts developed (or being developed) within other industries.
Session 3:
Many studies are focusing on understanding and optimizing as-built performance to maximum AM value:
Anisotropy considerations are a stronger consideration within this approach Build variability needs to be addressed at the outset and identifying critical process variables is essential to assessing differences among machines and operators.
Relevant performance metrics can be equivalent or better than conventional wrought materials:
Important to understand and address causal factors for differences M&S provides a needed tool to most efficiently understand environmental effects.
Session 4:
Many standards already exist that support AM Qualification:
Powder quality and handling Heat treatment Testing and characterization Post-fabrication inspection Augmented or new standards are needed to provide overall quality assurance:
Identification and control of essential process variables Implementation of in-process monitoring Incentivize knowledge and data sharing among practitioners.
Codification processes are incorporating AM but processes are lengthy by design and due to uncertainties:
Integrated design, surveillance, and inspection strategies, coupled with targeted key testing can be used to more quickly implement AM systems
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Workshop Agenda Tuesday Oct. 24 (Day 1)
Time Topic Speaker 8:00 Welcome/Intro NRC 8:10 Workshop Overview NRC 8:30 NRC Overview NRC SESSION 1: IMPLEMENTATION OF AMTs IN NUCLEAR AND NON-NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS Session Coordinators: AM: Robert Tregoning PM: Eric Focht 8:50 Rolls-Royce's Experience of Applying the PM-HIP Process to the Manufacture of Nuclear Plant Components Rolls Royce (John Sulley) 9:20 Advancing Nuclear Component Manufacturing:
Harnessing Local Vacuum Electron Beam Welding Sheffield Forgemasters (Jesus Talamantes-Silva) 9:50 Break 10:00 Implementation and Qualification of AMT Components in Support of the U.S. Navy Fleet NAVSEA (Justin Rettaliata) 10:40 Overview of DOE Advance Materials &
Manufacturing Technologies Program DOE (Meimei Li) 11:10 Discussion All 11:30 Lunch (on your own) 1:00 Demonstrations Within the AMMT Program on Insertion of Advanced Manufactured Components in Applications ORNL (Ryan Dehoff) 1:30 Securing the Future of the Nuclear Industry NEI (Hilary Lane) 1:50 Break 2:00 Advancements in Electron Beam Welding for Heavy Section Components EPRI (David Gandy) 2:30 Overview of Framatome's Activities Supporting Additive Manufactured Nuclear Fuel Components Framatome (Christopher Wiltz) 3:00 Current use of wire-DED materials Lincoln Electric (Teresa Melfi) 3:30 Break 3:40 Spare Parts On Demand by Additive Manufacturing Siemens Energy (Ramesh Subramanian) 4:10 AM Activities at Westinghouse Westinghouse (David Huegel) 4:40 Discussion All 5:00 Adjourn Wednesday Oct. 25 (Day 2)
Time Topic Speaker 8:00 Welcome NRC SESSION 2: QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION Session Coordinators : AM: Amy Hull PM: Austin Young
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8:10 Accelerated Printability Feasibility and Prioritization of Additively Manufactured Structural Materials PNNL (Isabella Van Rooyan) 8:40 Standards Considerations Towards the In-Process Quality Assurance of AM Parts NIST (Paul Witherell) 9:10 Break 9:20 Qualifying Laser Powder Bed Fusion 316H for Use With ASME Section III, Division 5 ANL (Mark Messner) 9:50 High Throughput, Rapid and Automated NDE for Optimizing Additive Manufacturing in Nuclear Applications ORNL (Amir Ziabari) 10:20 High Throughput Measurement of Surface Roughness and Tensile Properties, Using Standardized AM Test Coupons Siemens Energy (Ramesh Subramanian) 10:50 Discussion All 11:10 Lunch (on your own) 12:40 Data-Driven Framework for Qualifying Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additively Manufactured Parts Using Part-Specific Digital Twins ORNL (Vincent Paquit or alternate) 1:10 Aerospace Framework for Certification and Qualification for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies with Examples in Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Barnes Global (Kevin Slattery) 1:40 Break 1:50 MMPDS and Additive Metals Battelle (Doug Hall) 2:20 Qualification and Certification for Additive Manufacturing Supported by Model-Based Approaches ABS (Dongchun Mary Qiao) 2:50 Accelerating the Qualification of AM Materials Through Modeling and Simulation ANL (Mark Messner) 3:20 Break 3:30 Application of Model-Based Material Definitions Pratt & Whitney (David Furrer) 4:00 Uncertainty Quantification of the Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing via the Hypercomplex-based Finite Element Method UT San Antonio (Arturo Montoya) 4:30 Discussion All 4:50 Adjourn Thursday Oct. 26 (Day 3)
Time Topic Speaker 8:00 Welcome NRC SESSION 3: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Session Coordinator: Eric Focht 8:10 Testing Approach and Initial Results on PM-HIP Nickel Base Alloys Fluor Marine Systems (Kevin Fisher) 8:40 Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316H Stainless Steel for High-Temperature Nuclear Applications ANL (Xuan Zhang) 9:10 Break
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9:20 Critical Assessment of the Safety of Advanced Manufacturing Processes for Internationally Relevant SMR Concepts: A Project Overview MPA (Martin Werz)*
9:50 Irradiation And Corrosion Testing of Laser Powder Bed Fusion-Manufactured Materials in the Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Technologies Program INL (Andrea Jokisaari) 10:20 Performance of Laser Additively-Manufactured SS 316L in LWR-relevant Environments ANL (Bogdan Alexandreanu) 10:50 Break 11:00 Generation of a Fatigue Design Curve Suitable for Use on Additive Manufacture Nuclear Plant Components Produced From 316LN Stainless Steel Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Rolls Royce (Bill Press)*
11:30 Discussion All 11:50 Lunch (on your own)
SESSION 4: CODES AND STANDARDS Session Coordinator: Mekonen Bayssie 1:30 AM Materials Data - Challenges and Opportunities ASTM (Richard Huff) 2:00 The Current State of Additively Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloys and a Future Look at AMTs within the Casting and Forging Industries America Makes (John Martin) 2:30 ASME Criteria for Additive Manufacturing GBR Consulting (George Rawls) 3:00 Discussion All 3:20 Break 3:30 Wrap-up & Conclusions 4:00 Adjourn - end of workshop
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List of Workshop Participants Name (last, first )
Organization Allison, Amanda UK Atomic Energy Authority Abu-Eid, Boby NRC Addo, Fredrick Kwaku Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Adjei,-Kyereme, Serwaa Nuclear Regulatory Authority Al Jaberi, Hussain Nawah Energy Company Alekos, Bobby NRC Alexandreanu, Bogdan ANL Allik, Brian NRC Alvarado, Lydiana NRC Amin, Ankir Nawah Energy Company Anchondo-Lopez, Isaac NRC Anderson, J NA Andersson, David LANL Attanasio, Steven NNL Audrain, Meg NRC Barr,Christopher DOE Office of Nuclear Energy Bass, Joseph NRC Batra, Chirayu Terra Praxis Bayssie, Mekonen NRC Bechtel, William NA Bell, Edward Holtec Govt Services Benson, Michael NRC Bettes, Brian NRC Bjurman, Martin Studsvik Bloom, Steven NRC Boninger, Ron Swift Current, LLC Boruk, Reena NRC Bosley, Michael Westinghouse Bouffioux, Ryan A.
INL Bowker, Brian NRC Name (last, first )
Organization Bozga, John NRC Brand, Javier NRC Bream, Jeff NRC Bu, Jichao Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Buford, Angie NRC Burton, Mat NRC Cairns-Gallimore, Dirk DOE Office of Nuclear Energy Carinne, Shannon Battelle Carlson, Jesse NRC Cataldo, Paul NRC
- Chandran, Nachiketh NRC Chang, Litao Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chen, Yiren ANL Cho, Sungwoo DOOSAN Enerbility, South Korea Christensen, Jason INL Christopher, Omoni KEPCO Clayton, Kelly NRC Cleary, William T Westinghouse Cohn, Brian NRC Colaccino, Joseph NRC Collins, Jay NRC Colon Fuentes, Luis NRC Colon Gonzale, Francheska NRC Como, Jen DOJ/FBI Condron, Thomas US Navy Constantinescu, Liliana Technical Standards &
Safety Authority Contreras, Jonathan NRC Cooper, Paula NRC Couret, Ivonne NRC
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Name (last, first )
Organization Crabbe, Marcus Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering LTD Cumblidge, Stephen NRC Cunningham, Daniel Lucideon Daniel, Jason NRC Dave (Guest)
NA Davis, Robert NRC Dehoff, Ryan ORNL Deleanu, Gabriela Ontario Power generation Delisle, Dale NRC Desai, Binoy NRC Dhakal, Sandeep Boise State University Diane, Mory NA Dijamco, David NRC DiLoreto, Edward, Westinghouse Donmez, Alkan NIST Dornke, Matthew NRC Douglas, Jared Centrus Energy Downey, Steve NRC Drake, James NRC Dudek, Michael X-energy Dunn, Darrell NRC Eckes, Scott NA Erling, Warren NRC Escobar Veras, Sam NRC Eve, Elise NRC Fabritiis, Nick Constellation Energy Fairbanks, Carolyn NRC Faraone, Kevin ORNL Feliz Adorno, Nestor NRC Feng, Shaw NIST Fernandez, Edison NRC Finch, Shannon Westinghouse Fisher, Kevin NNL Fitzgerald, Michael NRC Name (last, first )
Organization Floyd, Nik NRC Focht, Eric NRC Fong, CJ NRC Francis, Johns Nawah Energy Company Franzen, Michael TAES (Toshiba American Energy Systems Corporation)
Fu, Bart NRC Furrer, David Pratt & Whitney Gandy, Dave EPRI Gardocki, Stanley NRC Gavula, James NRC Gee, Jess GE Vernova Geers, Christine Chalmers Institute of Technology Gibbons, Duncan NIST (International Assoc)
Goldsmith, Jason Westinghouse Golumbfskie, Bill NSWC Carderock Gordon, Matthew NRC Goss, Sandra DOD NSA Goyer, Dennis NNL
- Graham, Jacqueline Constellation Energy Graves, Todd Centrus Energy Gray, Mel NRC Grewal, Harpreet GE-H Nuclear Energy Americas & GE-H SMR Technologies Griman, Brian NRC Grinsteinner, Todd James LLNL Gud, Menz NRC Germany, te 234 Brlin Guest NA Guieb, Angela NRC Gurdziel, Tom Member of the public Hall, Doug Pratt & Whitney Hannifin, Bridgette Terrapower Hansing, Nicholas NRC Harisis, Becki Nebraska DHHS
S. Ruffin 10 Name (last, first )
Organization Harris, Brian NRC Harris, Doug ORNL Havrilak, Cody DOE HQ Haywood, Emma NRC Heath, Rick Framatome Heidrich, Brenden INL Heras, Marisa G tecnatom Hills, David NRC Hiser, Allen formerly NRC, retired Hiser, Matt NRC Hobbs, Alec NRC Homiack, Matthew NRC Honcharik, John NRC Hovanec, Susan NSWC Carderock Howard, Arlette NRC Huang, Jason NRC Huegel, David Westinghouse Huff, Richard ASTM Hull, Amy NRC Hwang, Kihoon Starobowelds Inc.
Iyengar, Raj NRC Jacob, Richard PNNL Jacques, Brian formerly NEI -retired?
Jayroe, Peter NRC Jedlan, Stepan Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear and Physical Engineering Jenkins, Joel NRC Jensen, Paul Arizona Public Service Jerry (guest)
NA jiang, Xiaodong NA Jiang, Yan Shanghai University Johnson, Andy NRC Jokisaari, Andrea INL Jovic, Riznic Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Jue, Tracy California Dept of Public Health (CDPH)
Name (last, first )
Organization Kagel, Gary W.
Lucideon Kalikian, Varoujon NRC Karoutas, Zeses Westinghouse Kavanaugh, Kerri NRC Khan, Omar NRC Kim, B.
Ulan National Institute of Science &
Technology Kim, Hongdeok KEPRI Klein, Paul NRC Kobayashi, Tatsuro TEPCO Kochmanski, Andrzej Urzad Dozoru Technicznego.
Centrala Koenigsfeld, David PWROG Korinchak, Nate NSWC Carderock Korzeniowski, Patrick NSWC Carderock Kulp, Jeff NRC Kumari, Geeta ORNL Lane, Hillary NEI Lane, John NRC Law, Yiu NRC Lawler, Steven Frazer-Nash Le, Tuan NRC Lee, Saya Pennsylvania State University Levine, Lyle NIST Levitus, Steven NRC Li, MeiMei ANL Lin, Bruce NRC Lisova, Dana NA Lizardi-Barreto, Jonathan NRC Magnuson, Eric NRC Magyar, Michael NRC Makar, Greg NRC Makor, Shiattin NRC Malik, Shah formerly NRC, retired Mangan, Kevin NRC
S. Ruffin 11 Name (last, first )
Organization Martin, John America Makes Massey, Caleb ORNL Matrachisia, John NRC McClay, Samuel NRC McCormack, Dave formerly Dade Moeller
& Assoc. -retired?
McCormick, Kevin NRC McCracken, Jessica NRC McMurtrey, Michael D.
INL Meadows, Tenisha NRC Meany, Joseph ARPA-E (Booz Allen Hamilton)
Medoff, James NRC Meher, Subhashish PNNL Mejia, James NRC Melendez-Colon, Daneira NRC Melfi, Teresa Lincoln Electric Mentzer, Nate NRC Messner, Mark ANL Mills, Lloyd Greenberry Industrial Min, Seung NRC Mirmohammad, Hadi Westinghouse Mitchell, Matthew NRC Montoyo, Arturo University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
Morgan, DJ WV House of Delegates Morganti, Giovanni Centrus Energy Moyer, Carol NRC Nabuurs, Tony formerly NB Power, retired Nakatsuka, Toru Japan Atomic Energy Agency Nash, Kenneth GE Vernova Nellis, Christopher NRC Nelson, Katelyn NA Neumeyer, Gayla M.
University of Missouri Nove, Carol NRC Name (last, first )
Organization Oberson, Greg NRC Ohl, Brandon Pratt & Whitney Ono, Masato Nuclear Regulatory Authority
- Onuschak, Rebecca DOE Office of Nuclear Energy Palmer, Eric NRC Paquit, Vincent ORNL Park, Dong NRC Park, Joon NRC Parker, Cory NRC Parsi, Arash Westinghouse Patel, Raju NRC Peterson, Alyse NYSERDA Philipps, Caleb University of Missouri Pica, Paul NNL-Fluor Marine Propulsion Poehler, Jeff NRC Ponko, Anthony NRC Pottle, David. W.
Lucideon Press, Bill Rolls-Royce Prokofiev, Iouri formerly NRC, retired Purtscher, Pat NRC Qiao, Dongchun American Bureau of Shipping Raleigh, Deann NA Rawls, George GBR Consulting Ray, Devendra NRC Raynaud, Patrick NRC Reed, Wendy NRC Regener, Benjamin Nuclear Power Plant Leibstadt AG Reichelt, Eric NRC Rettaliata, Justin M Civ USN COMNAVSEASYSCO M DC Rettew, Andrew NA Rezai, Ali NRC Rivera Ortiz, Joel NRC Roach, Allen INL
S. Ruffin 12 Name (last, first )
Organization Robinson, Jazmin NRC Rock, Peggy Fermi 2 Rudland, David NRC Ruffin, Steve NRC Rydlova, Jolana State Office for Nuclear Safety, (SONS)
Sampson, Michelle NRC Sanchez Santiago, Elba NRC Sandra (guest)
NA Savara, Aditya NRC Saya, Lee NRC Scarbrough, Thomas NRC Scates, Erica NSWC Carderock Schoppy, Joseph NRC Scime, Luke ORNL Scott (guest)
NA Semple, Jenny NSWC Carderock Sengupta, Abhijit DOE Nuclear Safety Sevecek, Martin Czech Technical University Sewing, Luke Framatome SG NA Shaikh, Atif NRC Shannon, Carinne Battelle Shoulders, Jacky Constellation Energy Sida, Karen NRC Sinclair, LaToya NRC Slattery, Kevin The Barnes Global Advisors Smith, John BWX Technologies Smith, Laura NRC Soler, Mark Holtec Govt Services Song, Rongjie INL Sridharan, Kumar University of Wisconsin
- Madison Stewart, Robb Boston Atomics Subramanian, Ramesh Siemens Energy Name (last, first )
Organization Sulley, John Rolls-Royce Sutton, Benjamin EPRI T., Janet NA Talamantes-Silva, Jesus Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering LTD Taller, Stephen ORNL Talukdar, Priyam NRC Taylor, Nicholas NRC Terry, Leslie NRC Thompson, Scott University of Missouri
- Thompson, Spencer EOS North America Tokey, Jason NRC Tony (guest)
NA Tran, Anthony NRC Travis, Adam Westinghouse Tregoning, Rob NRC Tsao, John NRC Turilin, Andrey NRC Twarek, Cameron NNL Tyree, Christopher NRC Ulmer, Christopher NRC Unknown user" NA Vail, Caroline NSWC Carderock Valentino, Anita WV House of Delegates van Rooyen, Isabella J.
PNNL Vasquez, Jose NRC Vener, Luisa NNL Verderber, Kimberly NYSERDA Vollmer, James TerraPower Walker, Shakur NRC Wallace, Jay NRC Webb, Tom NNL Wei, Xuejun Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Werz, Martin Manufacturing Materials Testing Institute (MPA)
S. Ruffin 13 Name (last, first )
Organization White,Tessa NNL Widrevitz, Dan NRC Williams, Robert NRC Wiltz, Christopher Framatome Wise, John NRC Witherell, Paul NIST Wolf, Carolyn NRC Xu, Peng INL Yee, On NRC Yoder, Matthew NRC Yoo, Mark NRC Young, Austin NRC Young, Garrett Holtec Govt Services Young, George A.
Kairos Power Yu, Zefeng Westinghouse Yutaka, Kadoya Embassy of Japan Zhang, Xi-Ying American Bureau of Shipping Zhang, Xuan ANL Ziabari, Amir ORNL
Memo ML23341A120 OFFICE RES/DE/CMB RES RES/DE/CMB NAME EFocht SRuffin AHull for EFocht DATE Dec 11, 2023 Dec 13, 2023 Dec 13, 2023