ML23279A094
| ML23279A094 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 09/25/2023 |
| From: | Jing Xing NRC/RES/DRA/HFRB |
| To: | |
| References | |
| Download: ML23279A094 (1) | |
Text
Great Expectation:
Human Performance Research in Nuclear Power Plants Jing Xing Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Presented to Halden 2023 EHPRG meeting, 09/25/2023
Outlines I. Overview of Human Performance Research and Application Needs II. Invest and Return - Bringing Research and Application onto a Common Page III. A Use Case of Applying Human Performance Research to Regulatory Activities IV. Great Expectation
Overview of Human Performance Research and Application Needs Stakeholders Topics areas Research Human factor products engineering (HFE)
Human reliability Halden reports Researchers analysis (HRA) Conference Operator performance papers Designers Digital instrumentation Journal articles Utilities & control (DI&C)
Workshops Control room Regulators technologies Software Physical and Cyber Design reports security Event reports Operation maintenance 3
Examples of Regulatory Application Needs
- What are the safety implications of control room (CR) digital upgrading on operator performance?
- What are the technical basis we can use in updating guidance for integrated system validation in NUREG-0711?
- Is it acceptable that a licensing application uses NASA-TLX to determine operator workload?
Examples of More Recent Regulatory Application Needs
- Technical basis for reviewing large-view display use in control rooms
- Elimination of Shift Technical Advisor (STA) roles
- Operator responses to cyber attacks
- New concepts of operation (CONOPS), e.g., what are the critical human actions in SMRs or advanced reactors?
A Tale of Twin Cities:
Research and Application Research Application Data?
Examples? Technical basis, Halden research Benchmarks? Review guidance, Other sources of Rulemaking research information Implementation Non-nuclear Staff HF literature review Design process
Outlines I. Overview of Human Performance Research and Application Needs II. Invest and Return - Bringing Research and Applications onto a Common Page III. A Use Case of Applying Human Performance Research to Regulatory Activities IV. Great Expectation
Challenges and Approaches What we need to know What we have known What we dont know What we expect to know Cannot-do Can-do
- No one-to-one answer
- Consolidate information in a structured map
- Not keyword matching
- Common taxonomy
- Cant judge a book by the cover
- Interaction
Bring Research and Application on the Same Page Invest Return
- Collaboration, interaction,
- Better in common language common language among and common page ourself
- Better picture - More solid
- Build the big picture - Have ground for our regulation and the map before GPS licensing
- Anticipate the research
- Have the horse before cart -
needed Timeline is critical
Build up the map - bring application and research onto the same page Context of Application issues / Application Application and research questions acceptance criteria /
Research human performance measures Reactors Functional requirements and Task completion Technologies functional allocation Performance index Scenarios Information availability and Accuracy reliability Initiating events Workload Human actions and tasks Fidelity Situational awareness Human-System interface User experience and Staffing Usability Procedures Human reliability Training Team and organizational factors System validation
Build up the map - bring application and research onto the same page Context of Application issues / Application Application and research questions acceptance criteria /
Research human performance measures Reactors Functional requirements and Task completion - Time
- Operating Rx, functional allocation /quantity /engagement PWR/BWR - Operator in control Performance index -
- New reactor - Operator out-of-loop SCORE, OPAS, OOL,
- Advanced (SMRs, - Level of automation teamwork, communication Micro) - System transparency Accuracy Technologies
- DI&C Workload Staffing
- Computerized Situational awareness
- STA roles procedures User experience and
- Reduced staffing
- Automation Usability
- Staffing requirements Scenarios - Conducts of operation Human reliability - Errors, Initiating events dependency, recovery Fidelity
Build up the map - bring application and research onto the same page Context of Application issues / Application Application and research questions acceptance criteria /
Research human performance measures Reactors Functional requirements and Task completion - Time
- Operating Rx, functional allocation /quantity /engagement PWR/BWR - Operator in control Performance index -
- New reactor - Operator out-of-loop SCORE, OPAS, OOL,
- Advanced (SMRs, - Level of automation teamwork, communication Micro) - System transparency Accuracy Technologies
- DI&C Workload Staffing
- Computerized Situational awareness
- STA roles procedures User experience and Independent?
- Automation Usability With vs without STA?
Scenarios STA location? Human reliability - Errors, Initiating events - Reduced staffing dependency, recovery Fidelity - Staffing requirements
Example - What we know from the Halden-TTC computerized procedure study Context of Application issues / Application Application and research questions acceptance criteria /
Research human performance measures Reactors Functional requirements and Task completion - Time
- New reactor functional allocation /quantity /engagement
- AP-1000 Information availability and Performance index -
Technologies reliability Accuracy
- Computerized Human actions and tasks Workload procedures (CP)
- Automation - Monitoring CP evaluation Situational awareness Scenarios Human-System interface User experience and
- Normal operation - Information display Usability Initiating events System verification & validation Human reliability Fidelity - Individual system verification (of the CP)
- Individual operator
Anticipating research needs for application - remote reactor Context of Application issues / Application Application and research questions acceptance criteria /
Research human performance measures Reactors Functional requirements and Task completion
- Remote, functional allocation Performance index advanced - Issues with high automation Accuracy Technologies Information availability and reliability Workload
- DI&C - Information incompleteness Situational awareness
- Cyber Human actions and tasks User experience and Usability
- Autonomy - Long-time monitoring Human reliability
- Non-traditional - Decisionmaking under control room uncertainties Scenarios - Operator response to cyber Initiating events attacks Fidelity - Lack of peer-checking
- Non-full-scope Staffing
Outlines I. Overview of Human Performance Research and Application Needs II. Invest and Return - Bringing Research and Applications onto a Common Page III. A Use Case of Applying Human Performance Research to Regulatory Activities IV. Great Expectation
NRC Staff Evaluation of Nuscale Staffing Plan Current requirements for on-site staffing of nuclear power units include a minimum shift crew of two SROs and four ROs for a three-unit power plant operated from a common control room.
An independent Shift Technical Advisor (STA) position is required to provide engineering expertise and advice to the shift supervisor in the event of abnormal or accident conditions.
NuScale proposed a main control room minimum shift crew of six licensed operators for 12 SMRs in its recent design certification application.
NuScale also proposed to combine the functions of the STA with that of the Shift Manager/Control Room Supervisor (an SRO position) and crew, eliminating a separate, independent STA position.
NuScale conducted staffing plan validation tests; Acceptance criteria included NASA-TLX workload, task completion, and qualitative measures such as situational awareness.
Regulatory guidance for assessing staffing exemption requests NUREG-1791, Guidance for Assessing Exemption Requests from the Nuclear Power Plant Licensed Operator Staffing Requirements Specified in
§ 50.54(m).
- Task requirements for accomplishing functions allocated to operators are identified;
- Requirements for display and instrumentation and control are identified;
- Factors such as task timing, workload, and situational awareness are identified; and
- Adequate staffing and qualifications are assessed.
The technical basis - What we need to know and what we know Context of Application issues / research Application acceptance Application and questions criteria / human Research performance measures Reactors Human actions and tasks Task completion
- SMR - Monitoring multiple units - Time /quantity /engagement Technologies - Decisionmaking under Performance index
- DI&C uncertainties - SCORE
- Advanced CR (e.g., Human-System interface Accuracy group-view - Effects of group-view displays Workload displays, CPs, - Effects of advanced information tiered alarms, multi- - NASA TLX displays module trending) Situational awareness Staffing Scenarios - SA questionnaire
- STA roles and effect of STA location Initiating events User experience and Usability System validation Fidelity Human reliability
- Validation test design
- Acceptance criteria
Examples of Halden reports used in the evaluation HWR-1216 The 2013 Resilient Procedure Use Study with Swedish Operators: Final Results HWR-1298 Physical location of shift technical advisor in nuclear power plant scenarios - impact on performance?
HWR-1301 Uncertainty and decision-making strategies in nuclear emergencies: The RAWFS heuristic in the main control room HWR-1278 The impact of large screen overview displays on human performance: The second case study at the Halden Boiling Water Reactor.
HWR-1313 Procedure Use, Communication, and Teamwork in a Digital Control Room.
Øivind Braarud, An Efficient Screening Technique for Acceptable Mental Workload Based on the NASA Task Load Index - Development and Application to Control Room Validation, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 76 (2020) 102904, 2020.
Examples of the technical basis from Halden research HWR-1254 / 1278 - Large overview display helps reducing workload and improving situational awareness.
HWR-1298 - The STA study shows that STA helps redundancy in operation, such as the STA helping the shift supervisor (SS( monitoring an overview and verifying actions. NuScale control room has the work process and displays in place to ensure that SS maintains overview and verifications.
HWR-952 - Team transparency through information displays helped SS/SRO The information provided in the team transparency configuration was of great advantage, as this information can confirm that the operators work in the appropriate process area.
Halden system validation studies - NuScales staffing validation tests used highly similar methods and human performance measures as those used in multiple Halden studies.
The outcome of NRC staffs evaluation of NuScale staffing plan From ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON REACTOR SAFEGUARDS (ACRS) letter on May, 21, 2021 (ML21139A226):
The proposed staffing is adequate for safe operation of the NuScale power plant.
In evaluating the elimination of the STA position, the staff cited substantial control room human-system interface improvements, passive design features that reduce reliance on operator actions, and upgraded qualifications and training of operators as justification for combining the STA position with that of the shift manager/control room supervisor.
- Passive safety characteristics and enhanced safety margins of the NuScale design;
- Simplicity of tripping a module and placing it in a passive cooling mode;
- No operator intervention within 72 hours8.333333e-4 days <br />0.02 hours <br />1.190476e-4 weeks <br />2.7396e-5 months <br /> required in response to the spectrum of defined design basis events;
- Improved human-system interfaces in terms of control room design, functionality, and displays (at a glance display of critical safety functions, tiered alarms, multi-module trending, direct links to response procedures and emergency operating procedures, and several others);
- Pilot operator training programs and high-fidelity simulator validation exercises that demonstrate adequate performance, including multi-module events, assuring safe operation of the plant and shutdown of each module to a safe, stable condition.
Outlines I. Overview of Human Performance Research and Application Needs II. Invest and Return - Bringing Research and Applications onto a Common Page III. A Use Case of Applying Human Performance Research to Regulatory Activities IV. Great Expectation
Great Expectation on Human Performance Research Not The Tale of Two Cities Research Applications
Great Expectation on Human Performance Research Build up and enrich the map Blend in Horse before cart