ML23222A134

Environmental Properties Management, LLC, Cimarron Environmental Response Trust, Determination of Distribution Coefficients for Use in the Cimarron Decommissioning Plan

ML23222A134
Person / Time
Site:	07000925
Issue date:	08/08/2023
From:	Lux J Environmental Properties Management
To:	James Smith Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Document Control Desk
References
Download: ML23222A134 (1)

Text

August 8, 2023 Mr. James Smith U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 11555 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 Ms. Rachel Miller Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality 707 North Robinson Oklahoma City, OK 73101 Re: Docket No. 07000925; License No. SNM-928 Cimarron Environmental Response Trust Determination of Distribution Coefficients for Use in the Cimarron Decommissioning Plan

Dear Recipients:

During a July 24, 2023, presentation on the groundwater flow models and estimated durations of remediation, the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) asked questions related to the development of distribution coefficient (Kd) values used in performing the groundwater remediation duration estimates. Environmental Properties Management LLC (EPM) asserts that the NRC and the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) previously accepted the Kd values that were used in preparing these estimates and the last two revisions of the decommissioning plan for the Cimarron Site. Neither of the NRCs current hydrogeologists were aware of the development and previous acceptance of the Kd values.

EPM submits herein a summary of the communications between EPM and the NRC regarding the development of Kd values in an effort to resolve NRC concerns prior to the issuance of requests for additional information (RAIs) pertaining to Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 3.

EPM submitted Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 1 (ML16032A285) on December 31, 2015.

Meetings with EPM, NRC, and DEQ personnel were conducted June 15-16, 2016, during which the D-Plan was presented, and issues of interest to the NRC and the DEQ were identified and discussed.

An email submitted to the NRC and the DEQ on June 27, 2016, contained notes from the June 15-16 meetings (Attachment 1). The meeting notes state, Estimates of duration are highly dependent upon the desorption of uranium from solids into groundwater, and the distribution coefficient (Kd) is the most sensitive parameter upon which this is determined. Discussions were held concerning how Kd had been calculated in the past.

EPM committed to drafting a paper describing how Kd had been determined, and providing the reports from the consultants who had performed the testing and the calculations. The paper will include EPMs recommendations for either performing Page 1 of 5

additional sampling and analysis during construction or revising duration estimates based on in-process monitoring data once groundwater remediation begins.

On July 12, 2016, EPM submitted Distribution Coefficient Determination for the Cimarron Site (the 6-page letter was assigned the accession number ML16203A251). The entire submittal included the following attachments, each given a separate accession number:

o Determination of Distribution Coefficients (Kd) for Uranium in Soils (ML20198M678) o Dynamic Column (Elution) and Adsorption Studies on Soil and Water Samples from the Cimarron Corporation Site in Crescent, Oklahoma (ML20199M357) o Conceptual Site Model (Revision - 01) (ML20213C536) o 2016 Kd Evaluation Using 2002 Data (ML16203A254 through ML16203A259)

The letter concluded, The primary application of Kd is the calculation of groundwater remediation duration estimates, upon which remediation schedule and cost are heavily dependent. Once groundwater remediation begins, the rate of decline in uranium and nitrate groundwater concentrations, based on laboratory analytical groundwater results provided by periodic in-process remediation sampling events, will provide more definitive duration estimates than any Kd calculation could provide. Consequently, EPM does not believe the collection and analysis of additional soil and groundwater samples for the purpose of re-evaluating Kd provides a benefit commensurate with the cost that would be incurred. Further, the information provided by this effort would be far less useful than data that will be generated during in-process remediation monitoring.

In a December 2, 2016, email, the NRC hydrogeologist stated, I dont have issues with the Kd measurements; I do have one RAI in part involving Kd. This email is presumably not in ADAMS and is provided as Attachment 2 to this letter.

The NRC issued RAIs in a letter dated February 9, 2017 (ML16336A198). The Deficiency SER #4 description read, As part of a pump and treat system design consideration, estimates of clean-up time for the contaminated aquifers are provided in Figure 9.1. The assumptions involved with aquifer cleanup time estimates are not included in the DP. These assumptions may include such parameters as uranium distribution coefficient (Kd), dissolved uranium distribution and transport in aquifers within different sub-areas, and groundwater flow. For example, the distribution coefficients, Kd are often assumed to be reversible and linear. The difference and uncertainty in aquifer clean-up times for various sub-areas may have major impacts on the pump and treat design, operation and post-remedial groundwater monitoring.

The Deficiency SER #4 RAI formulation read, Provide a list of assumptions used for the aquifer cleanup time estimates. Explain how each of these assumptions is valid and reasonable given that the geological materials in the impacted aquifers at the site vary Page 2 of 5

considerably, ranging from mudstone, sandstone, to unconsolidated alluvial sediments.

Provide an assessment and discussion of the impacts of uncertainties of the input parameters and assumptions on the clean-up time estimates for aquifers in various sub-areas.

On May 25, 2017, EPM submitted a response to RAIs (ML17150A495). The response to RAI SER-4 stated, Remediation timeframe estimates were calculated for each area based on the following parameters:

o Retardation - calculated using estimated bulk aquifer density, porosity, and Kd values; o Pore volume - calculated using estimated plume area, saturated thickness, and porosity values; o Initial aqueous-phase contaminant concentration - based on the maximum concentration at any location within a remediation area from 2011 through 2016; o Number of pore volumes required to reduce maximum contaminant concentration to remediation target concentration; o Time required to recover number of pore volumes required to reduce maximum contaminant concentration to remediation target concentration - based on groundwater extraction rates.

The response went on to state that The method for estimating remediation duration will be generally described in Sections 9.3, Western Area Remediation and 9.4, Burial Area

1. 1 Remediation (of Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 1 [DP Rev 1]). The response also stated that the assumptions, input parameters, and calculation methods used to develop remediation timeframe estimates for each remediation area will be included as an appendix to DP Rev 1.

This information was included in the Basis of Design, Appendix L to Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 1 (ML19352E486), which was submitted to the NRC on November 5, 2018.

In a letter dated February 28, 2019, the NRC accepted DP Rev 1 for detailed technical review (ML19056A515). Requests for supplemental information were included in that letter. None of the requests for information pertained to distribution coefficients.

During meetings conducted on April 4-5, 2019, the potential impact of Tc-99 on ion exchange resin and biomass generated during treatment for nitrate was identified as a key concern. On May 3, 2019, EPM submitted Potential Technetium 99 Impact to Influent, Waste, and Effluent (ML19126A052). This document concluded that it was likely that Tc-99 would be detectable in the biomass generated during treatment of groundwater for nitrate.

Throughout 2019 and 2020, EPM responded to all of the requests for supplemental information contained in the February 28, 2019, letter accepting DP Rev 1 for detailed Page 3 of 5

technical review. Neither NRC nor DEQ personnel expressed any concerns related to the Kd values presented in DP Rev 1 throughout 2019 - 2020.

By June 2020, the DEQ had agreed to remove treatment for nitrate from the decommissioning plan. Because the removal of groundwater extraction and treated water injection systems in areas where uranium concentrations are less than 180 pCi/L represented a significant change to the site remediation approach, revision of the decommissioning plan was required. Consequently, RAIs were never issued for DP Rev 1.

On July 31, 2020, EPM met with the NRC and the DEQ to present a phased approach to decommissioning the site. The first phase would remediate only areas in which uranium concentration exceeds the DCGL. If sufficient funding were available when the uranium concentration achieved the DCGL in all wells, a second phase would consist of continuing groundwater remediation to further reduce uranium concentrations. This phased approach was presented in Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 2 (ML21076A479), submitted to the NRC on February 26, 2021.

Facility Decommissioning Plan - Rev 2 (DP Rev 2) was not clear when treatment of groundwater for uranium would be terminated. If at the end of Phase I funding were not sufficient to justify a second phase, treatment would be terminated at that time. But if there was sufficient funding to continue, groundwater treatment and accumulation of uranium in ion exchange resin would continue. Because there was no single clear path to license termination, on August 11, 2021, the NRC issued a letter (ML21193A181) stating that DP Rev 2 would not be accepted for detailed technical review. That letter included requests for supplemental information (ML21193A179) and requests for clarification (ML21193A180).

On November 10, 2021, EPM informally submitted a draft of Facility Decommissioning Plan

- Rev 3 to the NRC, requesting a pre-application audit. On January 31, 2022, the NRC issued comments related to the decommissioning plan itself (ML22031A175). Although the comments related to the decommissioning plan were generated by NRCs hydrogeological reviewer, concerns related to the Kd values presented in the plan were not addressed in any of the comments.

Summary In December 2016, the NRC accepted the Kd values used to estimate remediation durations that were presented in the 2015 Facility Decommissioning Plan. At that time, the NRC indicated that there was one RAI in part involving Kd. That RAI was addressed with the submission of the Basis of Design included in DP Rev 1, submitted in 2018. The NRC has not since then expressed any concern related to the use of the Kd values presented in the 2015 Facility Decommissioning Plan since the submittal of DP Rev 1.

The July 12, 2016, Distribution Coefficient Determination for the Cimarron Site stated, The primary application of Kd is the calculation of groundwater remediation duration estimates, upon Page 4 of 5

which remediation schedule and cost are heavily dependent. Once groundwater remediation begins, the rate of decline in uranium and nitrate groundwater concentrations, based on laboratory analytical groundwater results provided by periodic in-process remediation sampling events, will provide more definitive duration estimates than any Kd calculation could provide.

EPM believes that the use of representative uranium concentrations at the 95% upper confidence level (at locations for which sufficient data was available to calculate the 95% UCL), the application of conservative Kd values (determined as described in the July 2016 letter), and the extension of remediation areas far beyond the extent of groundwater exceeding the 180 pCi/L license criterion, have resulted in a very conservative (long duration) estimate of the duration of remediation.

It will be far more beneficial (and cost effective) to re-estimate the duration of remediation after several calendar quarters of in-process groundwater monitoring data have been obtained than to attempt to refine the estimated duration of remediation in each area by evaluating the sensitivity or the uncertainty associated with distribution coefficient values. As Trustee for its beneficiaries (NRC and DEQ) EPM believes that it is in the best interest of both the regulatory agencies and the public to focus on the implementation of the D-Plan and the evaluation of in-process groundwater monitoring data.

If you have any questions or desire clarification on the information presented herein, please call me at (405) 641-5152.

Sincerely, Jeff Lux Project Manager cc: (electronic copies only)

Stephanie Anderson and Linda Gersey, NRC Region IV Paul Davis, Keisha Cornelius, Pam Dizikes, David Cates, and Jonathan Reid, DEQ NRC Public Document Room vcpsubmittals@deq.ok.gov Attachments:

Attachment 1: Notes from June 15-16, 2016 Meetings Attachment 2: Email - re: Paper on Distribution Coefficient Page 5 of 5

Notes from June 15-16, 2016 Meetings From: Lux, Jeff J To: Ken L. Kalman (Kenneth.Kalman@nrc.gov); Paul Davis (j.paul.davis@deq.ok.gov); gerald.schlapper@nrc.gov; Halliburton, Bill; Ja-Kael Luey (jluey@kurion.com); Gerry Williams Bcc: Brad Brittain (bbrittain@enercon.com); Chuck Beatty (cbeatty@enercon.com); Jay Maisler (jmaisler@enercon.com); Joe Nardi (ajnardi@enercon.com); Hesemann, John

Subject:

Notes from June 5-16 Meetings Date: Friday, September 16, 2016 9:40:00 AM Attachments: 2016-09-16 EPM - Notes from June Meeting.pdf I spoke with Ken Kalman earlier this week about the draft notes from the June 15-16 meetings I had sent for his review. Ken told me to go ahead and finalize the notes. An electronic copy of the submittal is attached. Im sending hard copies to NRC, NRC Region IV, and DEQ today. Feel free to call if you have questions regarding the notes on the meetings.

Jeff Lux, P.E.

Project Manager Environmental Properties Management LLC A subsidiary of Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company 405-642-5152



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Email - re: Paper on Distribution Coefficient Lux, Jeff J From: Guo, Lifeng <Lifeng.Guo@nrc.gov>

Sent: Friday, December 2, 2016 12:11 PM To: Lux, Jeff J; Kalman, Kenneth Cc: Halliburton, Bill

Subject:

RE: Paper on Distribution Coefficient Hi Jeff, I dont have issues with the Kd measurements; I do have one RAI in part involving Kd. We can discuss it in the upcoming conference call.

Thanks Lifeng From: Lux, Jeff J [1]

Sent: Monday, November 28, 2016 5:57 PM To: Kalman, Kenneth <Kenneth.Kalman@nrc.gov>; Guo, Lifeng <Lifeng.Guo@nrc.gov>

Cc: Halliburton, Bill <bhalli@burnsmcd.com>

Subject:

[External_Sender] Paper on Distribution Coefficient The last document for which EPM needs feedback from NRC is the paper on the determination of the distribution coefficient for uranium in groundwater at the Cimarron site. EPM concluded that further sampling and analysis is not warranted. DEQ agrees with EPMs assertion, but we need to hear from NRC, because if NRC does not accept the assignment of Kd values, we need to conduct whatever sampling is needed early in 2017 to reevaluate those values.

Once again, your feedback as soon as you can get to this would sure be appreciated.

Jeff Lux, P.E.

Project Manager Environmental Properties Management LLC A subsidiary of Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company 4056425152 1