ML20238D980
| ML20238D980 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 08/19/1987 |
| From: | Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards |
| To: | |
| References | |
| ACRS-T-1606, NUDOCS 8709140028 | |
| Download: ML20238D980 (55) | |
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. BRIEFING FOR'THE-WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBCOMMITTEELACRS 7
OVERVIEW-OF: PROGRAM. PLANS
.i i
LOW-LEVEL WASTE' MANAGEMENT AND DECOMMISSIONING DIVISION 1
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EACH STATE RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW-LEVEL WASTE GENERATED WITHIN ITS BORDERS o
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1 TO THE STATESrttMPACT REGIONS, AND ALL NRC LICENSEES
SUBJECT:
JOINT NRC-EPA GUIDANCE ON A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR COl MIXED LOW-LEVEL RAD 10 ACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES UndertheResourceConservationandRecoveryAct(RCRA),theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has jurisdiction over the management of solid wastes with the exception of source, byproduct, and special nuclear material, which are regulated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission (NRC) under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA). LowLevelRadioactiveWastes(LLW)containsource, byproduct, or special nuclear materials, but they may also contain chemical constituents which are hazardous under EPA regulations promulgated under Subtitle C of RCRA.
Such wastes are coernonly ref' erred to as Mixed L,0w. Level RadioactiveandHazardousWaste(MixedLLW).
Applicable NRC regulations control the byproduct, source, and special nuclear r.aterial components of the Mixed LLW (10 CFR Parts 30, 40, 61, and 70); EPA regulations control the hazardous component of the Mixed LLW (40 CFR Parts 260-266, 268 and 270). Thus, all of the individual constituents of Mixed LLW are subject to either NRC or EPA regulations. However, when the components are combined to becocie Mixed LLW. neither agency has exclusive jurisdiction under current Federal law. This has resulted in dual regulation of Mixed LLW where hRC regulates the radioactive component and EPA reguietes the hazardous component of the same waste.
The attached guidance document provides a conceptual design approach fer Mixed LLW disposal facilities.
It has been developed jointly by the NRC and EPA to assist coannercial LLW disposal site operators and State and Regional Compact regulator 3 agencies in designing disposal facilities that satisfy,both EPA and NRC regulations for Mixed LLW ft.cilities. Although EPA is currently in the process of promulgating regulations that further define the technical parameters for the leak detection, leachate collection, and double liner systems, affected parties may proceed to develop designs for disposal units that will accept Mixed LLW in accordance with existing regulatory requirements.
Owners and operators should, however, keep abreast of developing EPA regulations in this area. The attached guidance is based on MRC and EPA regulations in effect on August 1,1987.
l The attached guidanc& presents a conceptual design approach that meets EPA's regulations covering minimum technology requirements for liners and leachate collection systems, and NRC's requirements for minimization of contact of waste with water, while also assuring long-term stability and avoidance of long-term maintenance which are required by both agencies. The concepts proposed in this document are presented as general guidance; specific design details are expected to be complementary to particular site conditions, so that a license 1
application will have to address site characteristics and their relationship to
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a proposed design as well as the details of any engineered portion of the facility. The application of this guidance will not affect the requirements j
for waste disposal facilities to comply with all applicable NRC and EPA
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regulations.
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l The attached.fgidance should permit licensees to develop safe and effective designs for d'sposal of Mixed Lt,W that fully meet the regulatory requirements Depending on the particular type of conceptual design selected by a licensee, EPA may permit variances to the requirements for doub of both agencies.
liners and leachate collection systems.
Sincerely, l
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Huth. Thompson, J., D -
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Of"i of Nuclear stert 5 ety.and Safeguards U.S. Nuclear Reguistory Cassission h[
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. Winston Porter i
J Assistant Administrator Office of Solid Waste and Esergency Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency i
Enclosure:
As stated i
DISTRIBUTION:
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s J0l H RC EPA GUIDANCE ON A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR ComtRCIAL MIXEn '0W-LIVEL RADI0 ACTIVE AND HAZARD 0US WAS72 DISPOSAL FACILITIES
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TheLow-LevelRadioactiveWastePolicyAmerdmentsActof1985(LLRWPAA)
I requins that the three operating low-level radioa'ctive waste LLLW) disposal
- facilitias remain available through 1992.= 6y that time, all states and compact regions are required to assume complete responsibility for LLW disposal. Both existing and new disposal facilities may receive consnercial mixed low-level-radioactive an',1 haardous wasta (Mixed LLW). which is' ngulated b Nuclear Regulatory Cwenission (NRC) under the Atomic Inergy, Act (y the U.S AEA), and b '
the U.S. Environmentti Protation Agency (EPA) Vnder the Resource Co'nserntion I
and Recovery Act (RCM). Mixed LLW is defined At waste that satisfies the L
definition.of LLW in the LLRWPAA and contains hazardous waste that either (1)
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is listed as a hazardous waJte in subpart D of 40 CFR Part 261 or (2) causes i
the LLW to exh nit any of the hazardous waste characteristics identified in t Subpart C of 40 CFR Part 261.
To assist in aPolying this definition, NRC and EPA issued joint guidance entitled " Guidance on the Definitian and Identification of Connercial Mixed Low-Level Radioactive Weste and Answers to Anticipated Questions on January 8,1987.
This jointly d n eloped NRC-EPA guidance document presents a conceptual design j
approach that meets the regulatory requirements of.toth agencies for the sa"e (j
disposal of Mixed LLW. Other designs, or ' variation of the proposed design concept may also be acceptable under the requirements of both agencies and will be reviewed on a case by-case basis es received.
s EPA regulations in 40 CFR Part 264. Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous V pte Treatment, $torage, and 01sposal Facilities, identify the design t,nd g erating requirements for owners and operators that dispoet of These regulations involve hazardous WHte in landfills [264.300 to 264.317] liner) and a leacha requiremetc for the installation of two or more o
collection and removal system (LCR$) above and between the liners to protect j
human health and the environment. Exceptions to the doubla liner and leachate -
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collection systs* retirements are allowed, if alternative design and operating practices, togder trlth location characteristics, are demonstrated to EPA's Regional Administrator to be equally effective in preventing the aM;iration of l
any hazardous coastituant into the ground water or surface water.
f; NRC regulations in 10 CFR Part 61. Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of 1
Radioactive Waste, indicate that long term stability of the wasta e d the disposal site require uinimitation of access of water to Me waste [61.7(b)(2)]
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and that the disposal site Yust be designed to minimire, to tht" extent practicable, the contact" of water with waste during storage. the cottact of and the contact of percolating or
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standing water with maste during disposal,(61.51(a)(6)]. The primary ob;ective standing.sater with wastes after disposal
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of the above NE regulations is to preclude the possibility of the duelopment of a "' bath-tub" effect in which the waste could becoev Onnersed in Mtsid
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4 (e.g., from inf414 ration of surface water runoff) within a disposal unit below grade with a low permeability bottom surface.
The guidance on a conceptual design approach thatis offered in the subsequent paragraphs is intended to present basic design concepts that are acceptable in addressing the regulations of both the NRC and EPA with respect to requirements for liners, leachate collection systems and efforts to minimize the contact of liquid with the waste.
It should be recognized that the guidance is being provided at the conceptual level and that the design end details that are complementary to specific site conditions need to be engineered by potential waste facility owners and operators. The f.pplication of the guidance in this document will not affect the requirements for licensees of waste disposal facilities to comply with all applicable NRC and EPA regulations.
Concectual Desian o
Sketches and a brief discussion of the design considerations for an above grade disposal unit are provided. Tnis design concept has been developed primarily s
to demonstrate the integration of EPA's regulatory requirements for two or more liners and a leachate collection system above and between liners and the regulations of the NRC that require the contact of water with the waste be minimized.
In addition, the design concept fulfills the need under both agencies' regulations to assure long-tem stability and minimize cetive maintenance after site closure.
In this approach, the Mixed LLW would be placed above the original ground surface in a tumulus that would be blended into the dispcsal site topography.
Schematic details of some of the principal design features of an above grade Mixed LLW disposal unit are provided in the sketches accompanying this guidance i
document. Figure 1 depicts the three dimensional overall view of a conceptual Mixed LLW disposal unit; Figure 2 provides details of the perimeter berm,,
liners, and leachate collection system; Figure 3 presents a cross-sections.
view of the covered portion of the disposal unit; and Figure 4 describes the final cover system.
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IntheoverallviewoftheMixedLLWdisposalfacility[thedoublelinersand leachate collection and removal system are installed before the emplacement of the Mixed LLW and the cover system is added at closure. The leak detection tank and leachate collection tank are encircled by a bem that controls surface wat6r runoff from precipitation that would fall directly on the waste facility The drainage pipes in the upper primary collection system would collect site.
a any leachate that could possibly develop above the top flexible membrane liner and below the emplaced waste. Any leaciate collected would drain through the pipes to the primary leachate collection tank where the leachate would oe tested and treated. if required. Any leachate collected by the lower leachate collection and removal system would drain to the leak detection tank. The development of significant amounts of leachate from the solidified waste after closure is not anticipated.
This is because the closure requirements provide that the cover must be designed and constructed 1) to provide long-term minimization of water infiltration into the closed disposal facillty. 2) to function with minimum maintenance, 3) to promote drainage and minimite erosion.
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and 4) to have.A. permeability less than or equal to the ptmeabi5 f ty of any bottom liner system.
It is anticipated that the area shown on Figurs ) between the slope of the final cover and the run-on control berm, where the tanks are
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located, would be regraded and the tanks removed at the end of the post-closure care period (normally 30 years) when leachate developeant and collection is no i
longer a problem.
f Figure 2 provides the general details required by EPA regulations for the I
double liner and leachate collection and removal system. The perimeter benn for leachate runoff control would assure that all leachste is1 collected below the waste and safely contained and transported through the drninage layers and pipes to the tanks located outside the final cover slope. NRC's regulations j
requiring minimizing contact of the waste with water are fulfilled by requirfeg the waste to be placed above the level of the highest water table fluctuation and above the drainage layers where leachate would collect. The bottom elevation of the solidified Pitxed LLW would be require 6 in all instances to be at elevations above the top of the perimeter berm.
In Figures 3 anc 4, the design concepts for the final ebyer over the solidified The' actual zone for placemeht
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waste zone and the perimeter berm are presentad.
of solicified Mixed LLW m4y consist of different options, depending on the licensee's selectieri. Options that would be acceptable include use of stabli high integrity waste containers (HICs) that have the spaces between containers filled with a cohesionless, low compressible fill material or placement of the A cover waste in an engineered structure, such as a reinforced cercrete vault.
system over the waste that would be acceptable to the,EPUand NRC is shown in The cover system would consist of (1) an outer rock or vegetathe Figure 4.
layer to minimize erosion and provide for long tem ttability, (2p a filter and j lor '
drainage layer that trarsmits infiltrating water off,of the underlyin permeability layers, (3) an impervious flexible meebrane liner overly ng a compacted low permeability clay layer, and (4) a filter and drainage ayer beneath the compacted clay layer.
If the solidified waste tene does het consist of an engineered vault structure with a top roof,'an additional compacted clay layer should be placed issnediately above the emplaced waste to e
Mixed LLW that direct any water 1r, filtration away from the waste zone.
contains Class C waste as designated by NRC's regulat16ns would need to prov# e sufficient thickness of cover materials or an engineered intruder barrier to I
ensure the required prvtection against irtadvertent intrusiert.
i Variations on the above described design approach may include placement of the Mixed LLW in en engineered reinforced concrete vault, a steel fiber polymer-impregnated corerete vault, or duble-lined high integrity containert
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that are hermetically sealed.
If proposed by license 4pplicants, these variations would be reviewed by both the EPA and hkt on a case by case ba4 to evaluate their acceptability and conformance with established Federal regulations.
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