ML20236C128
| ML20236C128 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Yankee Rowe |
| Issue date: | 10/19/1987 |
| From: | Ronald Bellamy NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE REGION I) |
| To: | Heider L YANKEE ATOMIC ELECTRIC CO. |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8710270026 | |
| Download: ML20236C128 (2) | |
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OCT 1 g ;gg7 L
Docket No. 50-29 ge m m Yankee Atomic Electric Company
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ATTN: Mr. L. H. Heider
> S Vice President' of Operations 1671 Worcester Road
.,p Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 un
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Gentlemen:
Enclosed for your review and consideration is a letter from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to the NRC, and its attachments. These i
attachments are the Final Exercise Report for the June 11, 1986 exercise of the offsite radiological emergency preparedness plans for the Yankee Nuclear Power Station, and the Corrective Action Report for the August 15-16, 1987 remedial drill.
Four deficiencies were identified during the June 11, 1986 exercise. Two of
.these deficiencies required revisions to plans and procedures by Yankee Rowe and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
FEMA Region I has reviewed the revised procedures and found that they correct the deficiencies.
The August 15-16, 1987 remedial drill demonstrated the correction of the remaining two deficiencies.
Should you.have any questions concerning the enclosed material, please feel free to contact me at 215-337-5200.
Sincerely, Original Signed By:
William J. Lazarus Ronald R. Bellamy, Chief Emergency Preparedness & Radiological Protection Branch Division of Radiation Safety and Safeguards
Enclosure:
As stated cc w/ encl:
N. N. St. Laurent, Plant Superintendent J. E. Tribble, President G. J. Papanic, Jr., Senior Project Engineer - Licensing Public Document Room (PDR)
Local Public Document Room (LPDR)
Nuclear Safety Information Center (NSIC)
NRC Resident Inspector Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2) 0FFICIAL RECORD COPY 3 '.)
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Region I Docket Room (with concurrences)
ManagementAssistant,DRMA(w/oenc1)
DRP Section Chief W. Raymond, SRI, Vermont Yankee M. Fairtile, LPM, NRR Robert _J. Bores, DRSS Dave Matthews, NRR, PEPB 4
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10/ /87 10/q/87 10/q/87 0FFICIAL RECORD COPY ai 87-97 10/07/87 PJi
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UNITED STATES,
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September ' 24,1987 -
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MEMORANDUM F' R: = Thomas TT Martin,. Director
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- Region.I FROM:-
. David B. Matthews, Chief.
Emergency Preparedness Branch
. Division of Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness.
10ffice of Nuclear Reactor Regulation ~
SUBJECT:
ADDENDUM T0. THE FEMA REPORT ON Tile 1 JUNE 11, 1986 YANKEE R0WE EXERCISE q
LThe_' subject report transmitted by a FEMA memorandum dated August 28, 1987,
'is enclosed.
Four deficiencies observed during the exercise have been.
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- corrected!
Please forward the enclosed memorandum and attached report to the.
licensee.
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VD David B.'Matthews, Chief.
Emergency Preparedness Branch 1
Division of Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness H
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Enclosure:
FEMA Memo dtd. 8/28/87 &-
Attached. Exercise Rpt.
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CONTACT: Rosemary T. Hogan, NRR Q
492-4866 l
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( Federal Emergency Management Agency I
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AUG 2 81987 MEMOFANDUH FOR:' Frank ~J. Congel Director, Division of Radiation Protection
.. and Emergency Preparedness Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U. S. Nuclear Re ulatory Comission FRCH:
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Assistant Associate Director Office of Natural and Technological-Hazards Programs
SUBJECT:
Exercise Report of the June 11, 1986, Exercise of the Offsite Radiological Emergency Response Plans for the Yankee Rcwe Nuclear Power Station
' Attached is a copy of the exercise report of the June 11,1986, joint exercise of the offsite radiological emergency response plans (RERP).'for-A the Yankee Rowe Nuclear. Power Station (NPS). This was a full participa-L
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tion exercise.for the Comnunwealth of Massachusetts and the State of Vermont..
and local jurisdictions. The report dated August 18, 1987, was prepared by Region I of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
.There were four deficiencies identified during the exercise. Areas requiring corrective. action (ARCA) were also identified.
Remedial drills were held i
on August 15-16, 1986, and a copy of the corrective action report dated August 18, 1987, is attached. As noted in the report, the deficiencies f
identified at the Vermont EOC and at the Massachusetts Area'IV EOC required H
revisions to plans arxl procedures. Based on the results of the remedial drills, the revised plans and procedures and the schedules of corrective j
actions submitted by Vennont and Massachusetts for the ARCAs, FDIA considers that offaite radiological emergency preparedness is adequate to provide reasonable assurance that appropriate measures can be taken offsite to protect the health and safety of the'public living in the vicinity of the site in the event of a radiological emergency.
If you have any questions, please contact me at 646-2871.
Attachments As Stated p) w4e%vm
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CORRECT 7.VE ACTION REPORT I
ADDENDUM TO THE 1986 YANKEE R0WE EXERCISE REPORT
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g INTRODUCTION l This report is an addendum to the report of ' FEMA's June -11,-
1 1986 Final' Exitrcies Assessment. with. respect' to the State and local
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emergency plans for coping with:an accident at the Rowe Nuclear l
Power Station.
It contains.a description.of activities undertaken to correct.the four deficiencies identified in the exercise report.
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'On August 15 and 19,.1986, remedial drills were held to demon-
'- strate :the correction of two of the deficiencies identified during the June 11, 1986 Yankee Rowe Exercise.. These remedial drills;did
' correct 1these deficiencies.
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'The deficiencies identified at the Vermont E0C and at Massa j
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chusetts - Area IV required revisions to plans and procedures' by Yankee.
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'Rowe and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
FEMA Region 1 has reviewed
'the revised procedures 'and found that they correct 1the deficiencies.
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f-LDEFICIENCY#1) a
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6-JArea IV MCDALDffice (Page 14, 1986 Exercise' Report)
'Descrihtiont:1.ack-cfiinformationresultedinunnecessary-d radiological' exposure:of11ocalf emergency workers. at Anroe.
The Monroe E0Clis located less.than:a' mile from the plant, R
?and the town has an' alternate E0C at 'another location for i
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" ^use when-the primary;EOC.is threatened by;a) release. :The.
- alternate was not used since Monroe:was'never informed that' there had been a release.x:This' key! piece.of information j
~ hould: have been forwarded by the. State (FEMA-AREP-1, Rev.1, l
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Recommendation:
The State should review the procedures and
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- l training. provided. to the Area IV communicationsLofficer, -with -
special emphasis _on-radiological emergency. terminology and procedures. 'The State may' also wish to ' consider (a) a system u
. for reviewnand:prioritization' of information going. out to. the local communities, and (b) measures to reduce noise in the
- radio; operation area.
j CorrectivetAction:
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts reviewed
'and. revised their procedures,' reconfigure the radio ' room and trained new radio operators. This corrects the deficiency,
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however, we urge'that the Commonwealth test this' plan change
.during the 'next exercise.
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-DEFICIENCY ^#2 H
Williamstown Reception Center (Page 37, 1986 Exercise Report)
-Description: Equ'ipment and procedures for radiological monitoring of evacuees and emergency personnel were not demonstrated, (FEMA-REP-1, Rev. 1. II. J.12, K.5.a., K.5.b.).
Recommendation:
Operational procedures should be demonstrated for radiological monitoring.
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Corrective Action:
After the June 11, 1986 Yankee Rowe Exercise the-Commonwealth of Massachusetts conducted additional training for radiological monitors who would.be assigned to monitor evacuees or emergency workers at the Williamstown Reception Center.
On. August 19, 1986, FEMA observed a remedial drill at the Williamstown Reception Center. The radiological monitoring staff successfully 1
demonstrated the capability to radiologically monitor evacuees and/or
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emergency workers. The town had an adequate supply of monitoring equipment and a sufficient number of personnel trained to use it.
This deficiency has been corrected.
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f~'S DEFICIENCY #3
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Media Center- (Page 43, 1986 Exercise Report)
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Description:==
A utility-provided technical expert indicated f
that there had been an off-site release of radiation, when in j
fact the first release had not yet occurred and would not be 1
announced until the General Emergency, almost an hour later.
f While he did say that the amount of radiation did not warrant
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protective measures, his unauthorized issuance of inaccurate information about a subject beyond his responsibility could have caused precipitous actions by the public and hindered the actions and decision-making of the appropriate off-site authorities (FEMA-AREP-1, Rev.1, II.G.4.a. G.4.b).
Recommendation: Training should be provided on the division of responsibilities among spokespersons and advance coordination of information released.
i Corrective Action: On August 15, 1986, FEMA observed an extensive day long, training session and drill held at the Media Center, 0x Bow Motor Inn, Charlemont, Massachusetts. The morning was devoted to a detailed training session, which was designed to im' prove each individual's ability to effectively perform their duties, and focusad on the role of the independent technical
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expert.
The afternoon of August 15, 1986 was devoted to a drill designed to demonstrate the capability to brief the media in a clear, accurate 3
and timely manner, and provide advance coordination of information released. During the course of the drill coordination among media center staff was excellent; statements to those players representing the media were informative and understandable; there was no spec-ulation by the technical expert during any briefings; and questions i
from players representing the media were answered promptly and j
correctly. The Deficiency was corrected, y
i DEFICIENCY #4 Vermont State E0C (Page 62, 1986 Exercise Report)
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Description:==
Procedural problems resulted in a deficiency in communications with the licensee.
The licensee gave notice of CAL changes to the State representative at the E0F, rather than using a
the primary system (Nuclear Alert) to communicate directly with the E00. This method was followed on three occasions -- on
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escalation to Site area Emergency, on escalation to General Emer-gency, and on de-escalation back to Site Area Emergency -- despite
.immediate objections from the Vermont State Director.
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The result was significant delays in receipt of this_ crucial--
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-information ~ (FEMA-REP-l', Rev.1,; II.E.1).
-i Recommendation:: LThe. State and'.the licensee must agree and cooperate on use'of a primary notification system.-
Corrective Action: The State of Vermont and Massachusetts and Yankee Atomic nave signed ~a letter of agreement which sets forth
= the method-by which the utility.will' notify the state of changes in EALs. This letter of agreement-corrects the deficiency iden-tified during the June _11,1986 exercise.-
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i FINAL EXERCISE ASSESSMENT
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JOINT STATE AND LOCAL RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE l
FOR THE YANKEE NUCLEAR POWER STATION l-ROWE, MASSACHUSETTS l
JUNE 11,1986 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY REGION I John W. McCormack Post Off!ce and Courthouse Y
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
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- YANKEE ROWE NUCLEAR POWER STATION 1
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LICENSEE:
Yankee Atomic Electric Company LOCATION:
Rowe, Massachusetts DATE OF REPORT:-
Augusc'18',*1987-
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- DATE OF EXERCISES June 11,1986 PARTICIPANTS:
State of Massachusetts Town of Buckland, MA Town of Charlemont,' MA-i Town of Clarksburg, MA
. Town of Colrain, MA.
1 Town of Florida,' M A Town of Hawley, MA
. Town of Heath, MA Town of Monroe, MA City of North Adams, MA Town of Rowe, MA 7
Town of !3avoy, MA.
Town of Williamstown, MA State of Vermont.
Town of Halifax, VT Town of Readsboro, VT Town of Stamford, VT Town of Whitingham, VT Town of Wilmington, VT NONPARTICIPANT:
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. CONTENTS
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LIST O F AB B R E VIATIO NS..;................................... i............. vil y
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SUMMARY
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I INT R O D U C TIO N........................................................
1 1.1 ' Exerc ise Background '.................................................
I 1.2 Federal Evalua tors..................................................
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- 1.3 Exercise Obj ec tives.................................................
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.1. 4 Ex e rc is e Sc e n ario.....................'..............................
5 1.5 Evalua tion C rit eria..................................................
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2 - EXERCISE EVALUATIONS - MASSACHUSETTS............................
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' 2.1. Massachusetts State Operations.......................................
8 2.1.1 Emergency Operations Center.................................
8 2.1.2
~ Massachusetts Field Teams....................................
10-q 2.1.3 Ar e a I V E O C................................................ 13 q
- 2.2 Local Emergency. Operations Centers.................................. 15 l
2.2.1 Bu c kl a n d.................................................... 15.
I 2.2.2 C harle m o n t.................................... '.....f........
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> L2.3 - C larks b u rg.................................................. 21 2.2.4. - C olr a i n.................. <............. ~..................... 23 i
2.2.5 Fl o r i d a.......'...................................... ;....... - 2 5 dj 2.2.6 Hawley.....................................................
27-2.2.7 :
Heath......................................................
29 2.2.8 Monroe.....'................................................
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2.2.9 Nort h A da m s................................................ 33-2.2.10 Rowe.......................................................
34 2.2.11 Savoy.......................................................
36-2.3. Reception Center - Williamstown, Massachusetts........................ - 37 3 EXE RCISE EVALU ATIONS -- VERMO NT................................... 39-3.1 Ver m ont State Operations............................................ 39 3.1.1 Emergency Operations Center.................................. 39 3.1.2 Vermont Incident Field Of fice.................................. 47 3.1.3 Vermont FleId Monitoring Teams..... '........................... 49 3.2 Local Emergency Operations Centers.................................. 51
- 3. 2.1 ' H ali f ax...................................................... 51.
- 3. 2. 2 R e a ds bo ro ug h................................................. 52
- 3. 2. 3 ' S t a m f o rd..................................................... 54 3.2.4 W hi t ing h a m.................................................. 56
,1 3.2.5 W il m i ng t o n................................................... 58 1
4 EXERCISE EVALU ATIONS - MUTUAL FACILITIES.......................... 60 1
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- 4.1 Emergency Operations Facility........................................ 60 4.2 M e di a C e n t e r....................................................... 61 V
5 SCHEDULE FOR CORRECTION OF DEFICIENCIES AND AREAS REQUIRING I
C O R R E CTIVE A CTIO N S................................................. 64 1
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TABLES O,, '
A Remedial Actions for Yankee Rowe Plant (June 11, 19 8 6)..................... 65 e.
B Issue Tracking Table, Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Station.................... 84 C Status of Core Objectives for Yankee Rowe Plant.....................
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS L
Q:
fA
- ANLi
. Argonne National Laboratory
' ARC.
American Red Cross
, CPR1
. Center for Planning Research
-U.S. Department of Energy.
-DOE
. DOT,
- U.S. Department of Transportation EBS-
- Emergency Broadcast System
.-EOC.'
Emergency Operations Center.
.6 EOF.
licensee near-site Emergency Operations Facility
- EPZ.
Emergency Planning Zone -
a FDA~
- U.S. Food and Drug' Administration FEMA ^
Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA-REP-1
- NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, " Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of' Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
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IFO
. Incident Field Office
- EI
. Potassium Iod!de MCDA-
' Massachusetts Civil Defense Agency (D
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[mR/hr -
. Millirem / hour.
MRERP-Massachusetts Radiological Emergency Response Plan
- NAWASL National Warning System
': NOAA' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
-NRC.
Nuclear Regul'atory Commission
' NUREG-0654 NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1,
. Rev.1, " Criteria for Preparation'and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
NWS National Weather Service P!O Public Information Officer
.RAC Regional Assistance Committee
. RACES-Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service RADEF Radiological Defense REP Radiological Emergency Preparedness
- SOP Standard Operating Procedure TLD Thermoluminescent Dosimeter USCG U.S. Coast Guard USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
.VRERP Vermont Radiological Emergency Response Plan vii i-__.-----.--__-_.._-.--
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SUMMARY
j This report presents the findings of 33 federal evaluators who observed the s
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Yankee Rowe exercise of June 11, 1986. Preliminary observations were discussed with representatives of Massachusetts and Vermont on June 1?,1986 and were presented at a public meeting the same day at the Rowe elementary school. A total of four deficiencies were identified, along with 26 areas requiring corrective action. A brief summary of the evaluations of state, local and joint facilities is presented below.
Massachtisetts State Activities The State EOC generally was well run. Activation was prompt; the facility was fully staffed with representatives of all essen'tlal State and volunteer organizations.
Facilities and communication systems were adequate to support operations. The primary link to the licensee and the State of Vermont was the Nuclear Alert. system, which performed reliably throughout the exercise. Hard copy of accident assessment data and projected plume plots was obtained from the EOF via telecopter. Operations were managed effectively by the CD director, in conjunction with the Director of Operations. Protective action decisions were made based on recommendations from the Public Health staff at the EOF and following consultations with Vermont. Public alerting
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and Instruction was well coordinated.
Instructional messages for NOAA and EBS broadcast were drafted using prepared texts from the plan. Message content generally was good, although there was an omission regarding evacuation of school children.
Activation of the tone alert radios was carefully coordinated with the timing of EBS
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broadcasts and with the Stat'e of Vermont.
Field monitoring teams were dispatched from a repositioned ' location near Greenfield. One of the teams consisted of only one person, which significantly impaired f
its effectiveness. Both teams were adequately equipped, although some of the equipment did not bear evidence of recent calibration, and the team vehicles did not appear to be suitable for all possible conditions. Procedures for ambient monitoring and air sampling were demonstrated. The procedure for ambient monitoring would not be effective for determining presence of the plume, however, and should be changed. Communication with the EOF was maintained by stationing a radio relay person on a nearby mountain top. The system should be improved to allow direct communications with the EOF.
Massachusetts EPZ Communities All of the local communities in the EPZ participated in the exercise. A majority of the communities demonstrated adequate activation procedures and staffing levels, j
testimony to the dedication of the volunteer staff who in many cases had to take time off from work to participate in the exercise. Staffing was weak in several communities,
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however. Town facilities generally were adequate to support operations, although in j
many cases there was room for improvement in the use of maps and displays.
All of the towns were able to communicate with Area IV over the radio system.
However, some of the towns found that the information forwarded threugh Area IV was n
insufficient, inappropriate (too technical) or difficult to understand, and were concerned
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i about its timeliness. As for communications within the towns, some of the towns do not h-11 i
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4 have the capability to communicate with field units such as traffic control teams.
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Acquisition of portable radios is recommended for these towns.
j Operations management generally was adequate, although in. some cases q
demonstration was limited by the low level of staffing and activity. For many of the towns, the scenario did not require protective action, but the staff at least discussed the I
full range of protective measures that could be taken. Some communities demonstrated i
supplementary public alerting measures such as siren activation and route alerting.
O All of the towns demonstrated adequate equipment and procedures for control of radiological exposure to emergency workers.
4 Evaluators at a number of towns noted that the local plans and procedures need to be updated.
Such items as emergency staff telephone numbers and lists of the mobility-impaired are out of date, and in some cases the procedures are not consistent j
with current actual practice.
Also, in some cases, checklists and procedures were missing.
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i Reception Center (Williamstown)
The reception center was set up at the Greylock Regional High School near Williamstown. The facility is suitable for use as a reception center.
Staffing and procedures for. registration of evacuees were adequately demonstrated, although the
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i reception function was set up somewhat late.
There was no demonstration of l
radiological monitoring or decontamination procedures. Communication resources were adequate and the amateur radio operators did an excellent job.
Vermont State Activities t
The Vermont State EOC was adequate to support emergency response operations and was readily expandable through the use of other, adjacent rooms. EOC maps and displays generally were good, although they were not always used to maximum advantage.
Activation end staffing of the facility,went smoothly according to plan. Staff were mobilized promptly at the Alert stage and arrived at the EOC within a short time.
Staffing was full and included representatives of all the appropriate state and volunteer organizations.
The EOC was effectively managed and the staff functioned well as a decision making group. For training purposes, the upper level managerial staff changed positions, so that the State Director of Emergency Management assumed the role of the Governor, and the other managerial staff each moved one step up in the decision making hierarchy. All of the EOC staff were briefed periodically and were involved in decision making and implementation.
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Communications were generally adequate, but a number of communication-related issues were identified during the exercise, such as difficulties for the Field Team Director and the PIO.
Primary communication with the licensee and the State of l
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r Massachusetts was conducted over the Nuclear Alert system. The system worked well,
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but. procedural problems resulted in defielent communication with the 'lleensee. The V.
licensee did not always use the Nuclear Alert system to notify the State of EAL changes, 6'
resulting in significant notification delays at the EOC. Specifically, notification of the
' Site Area Emergency was delayed about 30 minutes.
Public alerting and instruction was demonstrated by means of NOAA tone alert radlo activation and EBS broadcast. The procedure worked well in terms of providing timely and coordinated public notification. ' However, the content of. the public instructional messages was significantly flawed; some information was missing and other information was ambiguous.
The pre-scripted messages used by Vermont should be
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reviewed.
Protective action recommendations were made by the Health Services Coordinator.
While the recommendations reached were appropriate to the scenario situation, Vermont did not perform independent dose calculations. ' The direction of the field monitoring teams prevented them from providing confirmation of the plume location; they were kept too far from the plume to be able to gather useful information.
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Media interaction was demonstrated primarily by providing updates to the
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Vermont spokesperson at the Media Center. The amount of information provided was limited, however, mainly because this function was not adequately staffed at the EOC.-
Vermont's field activities are coordinated at the Incident Field Office (IFO),
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located at the High.way Department District #2 Garage in Brattleboro. Staffing was
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partial and exercise activity was minimal at this facility since all' field activities were simulated, with the exception of radiological monitoring.
Two Health Department field monitoring teams were deployed.
One of the teams was delayed due to problems with its vehicle. The teams did not perform an extensive equipment check prior to deployment, and as a result one of the teams had two air sampling kits while the other had none.
Monitoring equipment and procedures generally were acceptable, although a number of minor problems were noted. Some difficulties were experienced with radio communications, but this is to be expected given
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the local terrain. Procedures and equipment for exposure control were adequate.
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Vermont Local Communities All of the Vermont EPZ towns demonstrated acceptable levels of capability for this exercise, although,the small number of objectives slated tended to limit the extent of play. All of the towns demonstrated acceptable EOC facilities. Initial notification l
and staff activation were accomplished promptly using the local " fire phone" circuits.
L Staffing levels varied, ranging from nearly full staffing to minimal staffing depending on the availability of the volunteer staff.
Communications v :-= generally good. The towns have multiple radio systems available and no difficulties were experienced in communicating with the State Police em office in Rockingham or the State EOC in Waterbury.
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s-Emergency operations managem'ent was generally acceptable. In many cases the low level of staffing and activity limited the opportunity to demonstrate this function.
However, all of the towns at least held discussions regarding available resources and l
measures to be taken for implementation of public alerting and protective action.
a Establishment of traffic control points was simulated and calls were placed to request i
assistance as needed.
All of the towns had the equipment and expertise needed to control radiological exposure of emergency workers, except that none of the towns have permanent record dosimeters.
Some of the town plans need to be updated.
Mutual Facilities I
Two multi-jurisdictional facilities were evaluated, the Emergency Operations Facility (EOF) and the Media Center. The new EOF is located in a New England Power Company building in Buckland, Massachusetts. The new facility has solved the problems of overcrowding, noise and communication difficulties that were cited at the previous facility. The Massachusetts staff arrived promptly from a repositioned location and demonstrated profielency in the execution of their duties, including dose projections, protective action recommendations, and direction of the field teams. The field teams were positioned in an intelligent manner based on plant status, projected plume conditions and weather forecasts.
Sound decision making was demonstrated in the development of protective action recommendations. The Vermont staff appeared to be well trained and knowledgeable, but there. was considerable confusion as to what their i
roles and duties were. The licensee in some instances gave notice of EAL changes to the Vermont EOF representatives rather than using the Nuclear Alert system, which was j
contrary to the expectation of the State EOC staff and resulted in notification delays, j
Dose projection and field team direction were not carried out by Vermont at the EOF.
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The Media Center was located at the Oxbow Motel in Charle mont, Massachusetts. The facilities there were adequate and the charts and displays used were i
much improved since the previous exercise. Activation and staffing were conducted with a minimum of repositioning.
Competent staff were supplied by each organization.
Communication resources generally were very good; however, a separate telephone line is needed for the telecopter. Several briefings were given and for the most part they were well coordinated, thorough, and accurate. However, a significant problem arose when a utility-provided technical expert issued premature and inaccurate information j
regarding an off-site release of radioactivity. This could have caused precipitous actions by the public and hindered the response of off-site authorities. The other problem identified was the lack of hard copy news releases. Massachusetts issued only one news release and Vermont issued none.
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.1 INTRODUCTION.
- 1.1/ EXERCISE BACKGROUND On. December 7L 1979, the President directed the Federal' Emergency Manage-~
ci ment Agency.(FEMA) to assume lead responsibility for all.off-sit'e n'uclear planning and response.
FEMA's immediat'e basic responsibilities in Fixed Nuclear Facility Radiological'.
. Emergency Planning includes.
- - Taking the lead in off-site emergency planning and in the review and' evaluation of. State and local government emergency plans for adequacy.
Determining whether the plans can be implemented on the basis of i
observation and evaluation of exercises conducted by emergency-response jurisdictions. -
3 Coordinating the activities. of volunteer organizations and other involved Federal agencies:
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) -
,n U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
American Red Cross (ARC) i Representatives of these agencies serve as members of the Regional Assistance Committee,(RAC), which is chaired by FEMA.
. I The findings presented in this report are the results of a review of the Federal j
observers' evaluations and were reviewed by the RAC chairman for FEMA Region 1. The FEMA ~ Region I director is responsible for certifying to the FEMA Associate Director of State and Local Programs and Support that any significant deficiencies and areas requiring corrective action observed during the exercise have been corrected, and that such corrections have been incorporated into State and local plans as appropriate.
Therefore FEMA suggests that the State complete the schedule for correction of the identified deficiencies and areas requiring corrective actions included as Section 4 of this
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report.
U E
1.2 FEDERAL EVALUATORS Thirty-three federal evaluators participated in evaluating this exercise. These
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Individuals, their agencies, and their observation location (s) are given below.
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1' Massachusetts State Operations-State EOC, Framingham W. Vinikour/ANL F. Oleson/ FEMA D. Nevitt/USDA P. Lutz/ DOT Area IV EOC, Belchertown R. Izzo/ANL Field Monitoring J. Keller/WINCO N. Gaeta/ANL Reception Center, Williamstown D. Connors/ ARC Massachusetts Teams Buckland J. Staroba/ANL Charlemont J. Levenson/ANL Clarksburg R. Sekar/ANL Colrain S. Nelson /ANL Florida K. Merli/ FEMA Hawley D. Demitt/ANL Heath D. Poyer/ANL Monroe
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F. Davis /ANL D. Piso/ FEMA North Adams L. Conley/ANL Rowe L. Robertson/ FEMA Savoy J. Devlin /CPR Vermont State Operations j
State EOC, Waterbury K. Lerner/ANL D. Santini/ANL J. Hawxhurst/NRC IFO, Brattleboro P. Kler/ANL Field Monitoring C. Herzenberg/ANL J. Opelka/ANL i
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Vermont Towns B. Hamilton /ANL l
Halifax Readsboro G. Barber /CPR Stamford W. Knoerzer/ANL
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F Whitingham A. Teotla/ANL KCD
.Wilmington B. Dionne/ FEMA
- a) j Mutual Facilities
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B. Keene/ EPA-l W. Chambers /ANL
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Media Center.
K. Horak/ FEMA 1.3 EXERCISE OBJECTIVES During the exercise, the' objectives of the State and local communities were to ;
demonstrate that their ~ emergency response plans, operations, and capability for
' mobilizing and coordinating necessary resources are adequate to cope with an emergency at the Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Station.:
, MASSA'CHUSETrS OBJECTIVES f
1.
Demonstrate the ability to mobilize staff and activate facilities.
2.
Demonstrate' the procedural and organizational ability to fully staff facilities and maintain staffing around the clock.
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3.
Demonstrate ability to make decisions and to coordinate emergency activities.
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'4.
Demonstrate adequacy of facilities and displays to support emergency operations.
5.
Demonstrate ability to communicate with all appropriate locations (participating in
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exercise), organizations and field personnel.
6.
Demonstrate ability to mobilize and deploy field monitoring teams in accordance with existing procedures.
7.
Demonstrate appropriate equipment and procedures for determining ambient radiation levek 8.
Demonstrate appropriate. equipment and procedures for measurement of airborne radiolodine concentrations as low as 10'I uC1/cc in the presence of noble gases.
9.
Demonstrate ability to project dosage to the public via plume exposure, based on plant and field data and to determine appropriate protective measures, based on PAGs, available shelter, evacuation time estimates and all other appropriate factors.
- 10. Dernonstrate ability to alert the public within the 10-mile EPZ and disseminate an initialinstructional message within 15 minutes.
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- 11. Demonstrate ability to formulate and distribute appropriate instructions to the I
public in a timely manner.
- 12. Demonstrate the organizational ability and resources necessary to manage an orderly evacuation of all or part of the plume EPZ.
- 13. Demonstrate the organizational ability and resources necessary to deal with impediments to evacuation, such as inclement weather or traffic obstructions.
- 14. Demonstrate ability to continuously monitor and control emergency worker I
exposure.
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- 15. Demonstrate the ability to make the decision, based on predetermined criteria, l
whether to issue KI to emergency workers and/or the general population.
- 16. Demonstrate adequacy of procedures for registration and radiological monitoring of evacuees.
- 17. Demonstrate adequate equipment and procedures for decontamination of J
emergency workers, equipment, and vehicles.
- 18. Demonstrate the ability to brief media 'in a clear, accurate, and timely manner.
- 19. Demonstrate ability to provide advance coordination of information released.
- 20. Demonstrate ability to establish and operate rumor control in a coordinated fashion.
VERMONT OBJECTIVES 1.
Demonstrate the ability to mobilize appropriate staffs and activate facilities.
2.
Demonstrate ability to make decisions and to coordinate emergency response 1
activities.
3.
Demonstrate adequacy of facilities and equipment to support emergency response operations.
4.
Demonstrate ability to communicate with all appropriate locations, organizations, and field personnel.
5.
Demonstrate appropriate equipment and procedures for determining ambient radiation levels.
6.
Dem'onstrate ability to project dosage to the public via plume exposure, based on plant and field data and to determine appropriate protective measures, based on PAGs, available shelter, evacuation time estimates and all other appropriate factors.
5-
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Demonstrate the ability to alert the public within the 10-mile EPZ and disseminate i
an initialinstructional message within 15 minutes.
Q eh 8..
Demonstrate the ability to belef media in a clear, accurate, and timely manner.
f 9.
' Demonstrate ability to provide advance coordination of information released.
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- 10. Demonstrate ability to control emergency worker exposure.
1.4 ! EXERCISE SCENARIO This exercise scenario was based on a Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA).' The main coolant leak rate' increased during the first hours of the exercise. This, coupled with a recirculation system valve failure in the Primary Auxiliary Building (PAB),
1 resulted in an uncontrolled release of radioactive material to the' environment.
Initial conditions established that the plant was operating at full power; the plant parameters were normal and stable. The plant had been 'at full power for 150' days and was nearing the end of core life.
- At approximately 8:30 a.m., alarms were received on the Main Coolant System i
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Leak Air Particulate Monitor (MCSLAPM) and on the Vapor Container (VC) drain tank l
O level in the Control Room. Also at this time the charging pump flow was exceeding the j
bleed flow. These indications would be classified as an Unusual Event based on the Main i
Coolant System TS leak rate exceeded, but less than one charging pump capacity.
At approximately 9:30 a.m., the leak rate triereased as indicated by a mismatch
'l between total charging and letdown of greater than 30 gpm. A high alarm also was received at this time on the MCSLAPM and the VC drain' tank level increased rapidly.
These Indications would be classified as an Alert based on the main coolant leak rate greater than one charging pump, but less than the capacity of three charging pumps.
Over the next hour the MCS leak rate and the MCSLAPM continued to increase while the low pressure surge tank levels decreased.
At 10:30 a.m., the main coolant pressure decreased drastically and the reactor scrammed on low pressure. Also at this time, containment pressure, VC flood level, and j
i containment radiation levels increased and safety injection was initiated. Subsequently, a Site Area Emergency would be declared based on a Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) j with leakage greater than charging pump capacity.
j At approximately 12:00 p.m., VC sump recirculation was initiated. Subsequently, the Control Room received indications that the primary vent stack monitor was increasing significantly, the waste disposal panel was alarming, the Primary Auxiliary
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Building (PAB) sump tank level was increasing and alarming, safety injection was showing i
errat'r flow, and the PAB area radiation monitors were alarming. Off-site releases j
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began.
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At approximately 12:15 p.m., off-site dose projection calculations 1i dicited site boundary doses were exceeding 1 R/hr whole body. These dose rates, in conjunction with
'M' in-plant monitor readings, would be classified as a General Emergency.
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6 g Over the next hour the TSC staff, which discovered tha't valvd SIV-6,06 was a
leaking, determined that Valve SIV-696 had to be repaired and that recirculation needed to be isolated. This occurred 'at approximately 1:30 p.m.
Also at this time rce PA3 j
radiation levels decreased significantly and the primary vent stack radiation Ichsp began to decrease.
Off-site dtdeuse, \\
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4 At approximately a65 p.m., VC recirculation was reinitiated.
continued to decrease and by 2:00 were considered insignificant.
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i At approximately 2:00 p.m., the on-site portion of the exercise was completed.
Radiological Development
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In order to achieve off-site radiological conditions which warrant ft; I percise j
participation by Massachusetts and Vermont in the determination and implentintaMon of
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Protective Actions, the radiologicuilevels of primary vent stack effluentsfdre elevated and the isotopic release composition of noble gas and lodine were altered f~om what I
. would normally be expected to occur in an actual accident of this type. All other in-station radiological area, process, and chemistry scenario data was consistent with the
,a provided operational data and seqdence of events.
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Primary reactor. coolant sample results correlated to the operational conditions of.the reactor and indicatedfome gap activity release. Associated vapor conta!ner area, and process monitors corresponded to estimated primary coolant levels.
Elevated (
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radiological conditions th?oughout the station (i.e., turbine halli around the yard) were n j
realistically related to the dose rates in the VC and the primary system.
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Vapor container sump tank radiological concentrations were directly related to i
the primary coolant activities.
It is assumed that 99%/of noble gas activity in the primary coolant leakage was released to the VC. This'les.v95 one percent of the noble l
l gas in the VC sump tank which eventually was pumpedf/hrough the recirculation system.
When the recirculation system was initiated,'Essociated system and area (PAB)
l radiation levels increased in proportion with estimhted, radiological concentrations) j Radiological conditions in the PAB also were elevated by the recirculation sye. tem leak.
When recirculation was shut off, the PAB radiologicalInkels decreased.
N, 1.5 EVALUATION CRITERIA L
l planning standards and evaluation criteria set forth in Sec. II of NUREG-06th,plic The exercise evaluations presented in Sectiens 2, 3 and 4 are based on ap t
t REP-1, Rev.1 (Nov.1980). Following the overview narrative for each 'uridiction or activity, deficiencies, areas requiring corrective actiona, and areas recommended for l
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improvement are presented with accompanying; recommendations.
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'D Deficiencies. are demonstrated and observed inadequacies that would cause a
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assurance that appropelate ' protective measures can be taken to protect the health and th&;ng it$t,off-site emergency preparedness was not adequate to provide reasonable 1
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s/,fety'of the public living in,he vicinity of a nuclear power facility in the event of t
!.7-l' radiological emergency. Becabse of the potential impact of' deficiencies on emergency l
preparedness, it is required that they be expeditiously corrected through appropriate I
< actions which may include remedial exercises or drills. Four def!ciencies were noted in gthe April 25,1988, exercise. Recommended remedial actions are presented in Section 3.
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l Areas requirby; corrective action are demonstrated arid observed inadequacies of i.
Vf state and local government performance, and although their correction is required during the next scheduled biennial exer 9 se, they are not considered, by themselves, to have an j
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aferse impact on public Te' ht./and safety.
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Areas recommended for improvement also are listed as appropriate for each l
jurisdiction or activity. These are problem areas observed during the exercise that are
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not considered to have an adverse impact on public health and safety.
While not
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O/c-required, correction of these would enhance, an organization's level of emergency l
f preparedness.
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9s 2 EXERCISE EVALUATIONS - MASSACHUSETTS %,
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,h1 M SACH08 TTk STATE OPERATIONS
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i 2.1.1SE nergene'y Operations Center e
,q Kramingham, and was well suited to radiologica tx s
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. p'he Massachusetts State EOC was located in fpe d l
response. Back-up power is a
jested weekly, and therg are dormitories and a cafeterlat The sdt up of the EOC has I
been reorganized to cut dogs on noise and allow operation [to Ptm more smoothly. There
$ were-h" full set of ma'ps 'and displays. Separate statud b' odds 'were used to display Neatbye" conditions, protectide actions, and town emergendy fdcility, status. All displays w1 tie kept up-to-date durings the exercise. A useful additi6n'would be to' plot the plume Q
on the EPZ map as projections are received fmm the?joF.
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Activation and staffing was compkped promptly Nter the declaration of an Alert. The ECC was fully staHed, and inegded representatives of Civil pefense, State
' Police,: Nations 1 Guard, Correcticas, Pubric Works, Transportation, Public Health, Environmental Management, Wndi' Health, Civil Air Patrol, Red - Cruss, and other organizations.
Health physidhs were dispatched to the EOF to perform accident I
- t assessment. The Civil Defense Department maintains a duty officer system to ensure y s that notification from the utility can be received and the facility an6 staff can be activated at any time.
3 Operations were effectively managed by the CD Director, in ceplunction with the Dithd, tor of Operations. The CD Director gase[ periodic briefings to keep the staff '
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' informed. EOC staff were involved in'the decision-making procys, as appropriate, ard, genehally, demonstrated a thorough knowledge of their emedgency roles. [There was one I
notaNe instance of miscommunication, in which sheltering" (?f Monroe Bridge) was misdn'derstood by one staff member as "evacus. ting to shelters."]
State plans and j
checklists were available for reference. Messages were loggcd and distributed as appropriate. A utility representative was on hand to serve as liaison and technical advisor.
The State's ccNmunication systems functioned well and were adequate to suppqrt k
operations. The Nudehr Alert system was the primary communication link to the EOF and the Vermont EOC. Commercial telephone lines were used as the primary system for q
Jther communication needs. Communication to the local communities was concMeted 1
through the Area IV office. Radio was available as back-up to most locations and was
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tested periodically during the exercise. Two telefax machines were used efficientlysfor j
hard copy message traffle; one for sending and one for receiving.
1 Protective action c'ecisions were made at the EOC based on recommendations
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from the Public Health staff at the EOF and following consultation with Vermont. Two j
well quallfled and experienced,hesith physichts were on hand to evaluate proposed recommendations originating at *he EOT An initial decision to have Monroe and Monroe l
Bridge shelter-in-place whs qt.ickly' changed to evacuation based on confirmation of a I release and a predicted Mad shift. Sneltering was recommended for Clarksburg, FloridG ;
and North Adams.
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9 Kassachusstes State EOC Accident assessment information was obtained from the EOF via telefax. This g/
-T represented an improvement in the flow of technical information to the EOC, although lQj complete ' access to technical and meteorological information was not available by this
- 3-method.
Public alerting.and instruction was well coordinated. Instructional messages for NOAA and EBS broadcast were drafted based on prepared texts in the plan; this corrects a problem identified in the previous exercise. The message content was generally good, although information on where school children would be evacuated was omitted. This should be included in the prepared messages. Message content was also consistent with the content of the public information brochures sent to area, residents. Activation of
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tone alert radios was carefully coordinated with the timing of EBS broadcast and with the State of Vermont. The Director and the PIO worked well together in making sure that the Media Center and Area IV were kept up to date on the content and timing of public instructions.
j DEFICIENCIES W
None.
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AREA REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION i
1.
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Description:==
Information on evacuation of school children was omitted from public instructions (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II. E.7).
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Recommendation:
This information should be added to the
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prepared texts in the plan, as an option, if necessary.
AREA RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
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Description:==
There was no visual display of the plume.for EOC staff.
Recommendation: The plume should be plotted on the EPZ display map, based on information from the EOF. A common method is to use erasable markers on a plastic sheet covering the map.
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10 ksscchusotts Fiald Tesas L
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2.1.2 Massachusetts Field Teams The Massachusetts Department of Public Health field monitoring teams were pre-positioned near Greenfield.
Personnel arrived at the EOF about an hour after 4 J declaration of the Unusual Event, about the time of the Alert declaration. According to team members, there is a procedure in place for mobilization from Boston.
Key personnel can be notified by pager by the Massachusetts State Police; others can be reached by telephone either at the office or at home, or, if necessary, over their car radios. Twenty-four hour activation capability is maintained by use of nuclear incident advisory team resources. In view of the repositioning and the lack of normal call-out procedures, field team mobilization procedures were not demonstrated. The teams were deployed to the field from the EOF at about 10:10 a.m.
l One of the teams consisted of only one person.
This is contrary to State l
procedure and proved to be ineffective in practice. At least two persons are needed in l
order to perform all of the functions required of a monitoring team.
The teams' monitoring equipment generally was adequate. Technical equipment.
I for each team included a ratemeter with a pancake probe for counting the air samples, a ratemeter with a thin window GM probe, and an ion chamber for higher level measurements.
IoCne sampling equipment included a battery operated air sampling pump, silver zeolite cartridges (charcoal used for the exercise), and particulate filters.
A counting jlg was available to ensure reproducible geometry while counting the cartridges and filters. All of the equipment of the Alpha team (two-person team) had been calibrated within a year of the exercise. However, the Bravo team's ratemeter with the thin window probe did not have any indication of the last calibration date and the dates were not legible on the calibration stickers on the other equipment. All equipment should be calibrated at least annually. Also, it should be noted that it is questionable whether the teams' vehicles would be adequate in severe winter conditions. The teams should have access to vehicles that can be used under all anticipated conditions.
I f
The Alpha team demonstrated monitoring procedures in accordance with the l
plan. They took radiation readings enroute to their first location. They demonstrated i
the ability to use GMs to detect low level radiation and to switch to Ion chambers for higher levels. They took two air samples and demonstrated proper handling of the filter l
paper and cartridges. They then retreated to an area of near background ambient plume
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readings before measuring them. The results were carefully logged and called in to the EOF. Team Bravo took only gamma (closed window) readings, not beta plus gamma I
I readings. Team Bravo also took an air sample when instructed by the EOF, recorded the appropriate information, and transmitted the necessary data back to the EOF.
The field teams generally followed their procedures in performing technical operations. However, the procedures were seriously flawed with respect to locating the plume. The procedures do not call for taking open and closed window readings or for l
taking ground level musurements.
Because the procedures do not call for these l
measurements, there can be no assurance that the above background gamma readings taken at three to four feet above ground level are truly indicative of plume presence.
These procedures may provide readings which are from plume shine or ground deposition. The procedures should be revised to include a beta plus gamma reading and a ground level reading.
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11 Hassachusstes Field Tams q
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The members of team Alpha were familiar with the area around Yankee Rowe
'N and had no difficulty navigating. However, the single player of team Bravo was not 1
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familiar with the area. Sultable maps were available in the field kit, but it proved
,e difficult to navigate while driving, and the team became lost on occasion. Team Bravo l
did not always correctly locate the sampling locations assigned by the EOF.
Both teams maintained radio contact with the EOF through the use of a person manning a relay mobile radio on a high summit west of the EPZ. On an occasion when
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team Bravo was not able to reach the summit relay radio, the message was relayed to l
team Alpha, which in turn relayed the message to the summit relay point. This system I
effectively maintained radio contact with the field monitoring teams. However, it was not efficient since all information had to be repeated orally by the relay person. If DPH is short on staff, as evidenced by the single person team, using a relay person may not be an optimal allocation of personnel.
An automatic repeater, either portable or permanent, should be considered for the location.
4 Both teams were equipped with appropriate dosimetry and were familiar with I
procedures for KI use and decontamination. One of the teams was not aware.of the
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authorized exposure limit.
DEFICIENCIES None.
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AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION V
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Description:==
Field team mobilization procedures were not demonstrated.
The teams were pre-positioned in Greenfield (FEM A-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.2, I.8).
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Recommendation: Mobilization of Massachusetts field monitoring teams from their offices in Boston should be demonstrated in a future exercise. Any problems associated with travel delays from Boston cannot be evaluated without a test of the complete
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mobilization procedure.
2.
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Description:==
One of the teams consisted of only one person. This is contrary to Massachusetts procedure and proved to be I
Ineffective in practice (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.2, I.8).
Recommendation: At least two persons are needed in order to perform all of the tasks required of a monitoring team.
3.
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Description:==
Monitoring procedures were flawed with respect to determining plume presence. The procedures do not call for taking open and closed window readings and ground level measurements.
Therefore, there can be no assurance that above background gamma readings taken at three to four feet above ground level are not due to plume shine from above or radiation from previous j
i ground deposition (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.I.8).
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Recommendation: The procedures should be revised to include a
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l beta plus gamma reading and a ground level reading.
1 AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
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Description:==
Calibration dates on the equipment of one of the monitoring teams were either outdated or illegible.
Recommendation: All monitoring equipment should be calibrated at least annually and clearly labeled as such.
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Description:==
It is questionable whether the monitoring teams' vehicles would be adequate in severe winter conditions.
Recommendation: The teams should be equipped or have access to vehicles that can be used under all anticipated conditions.
3.
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Description:==
The use of a Department of Public Health employee to act as a radio relay was effective in maintaining contact between the teams and the EOF. However, it is not very efficient since all messages had to be repeated orally by the relay person.
Recommendation: An automatic repeater would allow for more rapid and accurate communications between the EOF and field monitoring teams and more effective use of Public Health personnel.
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13 Massachusetts kras IV EOC l
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2.1.3 Area IV EOC
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l The Area IV EOC facility has sufficient space (several separate. rooms),
furnishings, lighting, telephone and backup power. Showers, cots, and a kitchen are J
available to support extended operations.
Status boards and maps showing EPZ
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communities, evacuation
- routes, meteorological conditions, emergency level j
classifications, access control points, and reception centers were visible and promptly updated.
Activation was adequately demonstrated with complete staffing. The exercise j
took place during the hours of a normal work day so several staff members were in place. Additional staff members were called using a call list. Staffing was complete at 10:15 a.m. following notification of Unusual Event at 9:45 a.m.
The staff displayed excellent knowledge of their duties and responsibilities. Twenty-four hour staffing was demonstrated by presentation of a roster.
Emergency operations were well managed by the Civil Defense Director who was clearly in charge. He held frequent, informative briefings. Copies of the plan were readily available and messages were logged and promptly reproduced and distributed.
The communications system performed quite well. Initial notification of Alert and subsequent emergency level classifications were received through the Tri-State Fire Network who received them from State. Police. Primary communications to all towns in Area'IV was through the High/ Low Band Radio Link.
Amateur radio and telephone communications served as backup. Primary communications to Colrain broke down for a (AU) short time but the backup system performed well and the primary system was quickly re-established.- However, evaluators at some of the towns that depended on Area IV for Information found that the flow of information was insufficient.
Some of the information being relayed was inappropriate or excessive, while other important information was omitted.
In at least one instance, lack of information resulted in unnecessary radiological exposure of local emergency workers. The Monroe EOC is located less than one mile from the plant, and the town has an alternate EOC at another location for use when the primary EOC is threatened by a release. However, since Monroe was not informed when the release began, they did not move their staff to the alternate EOC.
At least part of the problem appeared to be noise interference between the Area IV operators and an adjacent RACES operator. The operators should be repositioned or use headphones to cut down on noise interference. Also, the Area IV operator appeared to be unfamiliar with the terminology involved, which affected the sped ar.d accuracy of message transcription. Finally, messages to the towns should be screened e.nd prioritized to ensure that crucial and appropriate information was forwarded promptly.
Access control points were ordered by the State Police at General Emergency, supplemented by the Department of Public Works. Adequate resources are available to maintain clear roa.':
Williamstown was notified to open its reception center at Mt.
Greylock Regional High School at 12:57 p.m. following receipt of the order to evacuate Monroe Bridge.
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14 Massachusstes Area IV EOC Dosimetry was not demonstrated 'at the Area IV EOC since it is outsid,e the plume EPZ, although it was available if additional supplies were needed in the EPZ towns. The RADEF officer was knowledgeable about dosimetry use.
DEFICIENCIES 1.
Descrip tion:
Lack of information resulted in unnecessary j
radiolog;nal exposure of local emergency workers' at Monroe. The Monroe 1.3C is located less than a mile from the plant, and the j
town has sn alternate EOC at another location for use when the primary EUC is threatened by a release. The alternate was not used since Monroe was never informed that there had been a i
release. This key piece of information should have been forwarded by the State (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.F.1.b).
Recommendation: The State should review the procedures and training provided to the Area IV communicators officer, with special emphasis on radiological emergency terminology and procedures. The State may also wish to consider (a) a system for review and prioritization of information going out to the local communities, and (b) measures to reduce noise in the radio operators area.
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2.2 LOCAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS (v) 2.2.1 Buckland The Town of Buckland has eight families, who live along the mile of road which is in the plume exposure EPZ.
The Buckland EOC is located in the Shelburne Fire Protection District fire house. This facility is large and well-lighted, with kitchen facilities, adequate furniture, and back-up power. The only displays posted were a plume exposure EPZ map, a town map, and a roster of available staff (including 25 volunteer firemen and 7-8 part-time policemen). A status board was available, but not displayed or used. The emergency classification level was not posted.
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Activation and staffing was only partially demonstrated. The only full-time participant was the CD Director (a volunteer). Th'e remainder of the EOC staff, although j
they did not participate in the exercise, were located in their regular offices in the same building. The Chief of Police / Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, the designated j
person in charge, showed up occasionally for input and briefings. Two Fire Department Chiefs and a Water Department official showed up for a few minutes.
A RACES operator arrived at 10:57 a.m., remained during the entire exercise, and provided secondary communication service.
It would be useful to add the Water Department supervisor to the EOC staff because of his knowledge of the water system.
The Civil Defense director handled all communications. The call initiating EOC activation was received over the Tri-State Network at 9:48 a.m. and verifled. The A
Director followed a calllist and phoned all responsible officials. Complete staffing was (V) simulated after contact of these persons and assumed complete at approximately 11:05 a.m.
Around the clock staffing was demonstrated by presentation of a roster. A mutual aid agreement exists with five towns if aid is needed. The CD Director,was " pre-staged" at the EOC.
The Police Chief / Chairman of the Board of Selectmen was the person in charge and responsible for operations with the Civil Defense Director acting ably in his absence. Message logs were kept but no written procedures or checklists were readily available for use. There was no access control at the EOC.
Overall communication handling was good. The CD Director handled all radio and telephone messages well.
A RACES operator provided very good back-up communication capability. Important incoming Tri-State Network radio messages were verified by phone calls. Radio reception and clarity was good. A copying device was available. However, direct communication between the EOC and the police cruiser was not available. The three radio pagers, which would be used to notify the Civil Defense Director in case of an accident when he is away from a telephone, did not work properly.
The eight families within the plume exposure EPZ would be notified by a police cruiser and a PA system. The time from the EOC to the affected area by car was estimated at eight minutes. Also, all eight homes in the plume exposure EPZ have been supplied by the utility with tone alert radios.
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16 Buckland As only one road (east-west) is in the pluma exposure EPZ, resources are quite adequate to handle traffic and access control functions. Town highway equipment and crews are available to clear road impediments, if necessary.
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. l No mobility-impaired individuals or persons with special needs reside in the l
town's EPZ.
The following was on hand in the EOC footlocker: 25 yellow TLDs,3 green TLDs (control), 5 chargers, 5 bottles of KI, 49 CDV-138s, 25 CDV-730s, 25 CDV-742s, 2 survey meters, and instructions and exposure log forms.
The Police Chief / Chairman of the Board of Selectmen was quite knowledgeable of the maximum authorized dose, the method of receiving permission to exceed that dose, KI useage details, and dosimeter recording requirements.
He would instruct emergency workers and issue the dosimetry.
DEFICIENCIES None.
4 AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION l
3 None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
The EOC staff were not fully mobilized and did not participate fully in the exercise (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II, E.2, H.3, H 4).
Recommendation: The entire EOC' staff should demonstrate that it can be mobilized at the next exercise.
l 2.
==
Description:==
A number of important items were either not available or (though available), not posted in the EOC, including the emergency classification level, status board, and maps of evacuation routes, relocation centers, and access control points (NUREG-0645, II, H.4, J.10.a).
Recommendation:
A review should be made of such necessary EOC equipment as an emergency classification level indicator, status board, and 1
maps in order to determine which are currently available. Those that are l
not should be acquired; those that are should be posted and used by the EOC
]
staff at the next exercise.
i 3.
==
Description:==
Direct communication between the EOC and the police cruiser was not readily available.
I Recommendation: The Police Chief recommended that a fire frequency
, radio be acquired.
4.'
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Description:==
None of the three radio pagers, which would be used to notify the Civil Defense Director of an accident when he is away from a telephone, j
worked properly.
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- Buckland 7
1 Recommendation:' All radio' pagers should~ immediately be repaired and;
.j;(ry) x should be regularly tested to assure that they continue to work properly..
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5.
Descriptions No written procedures were available for the EOC staff.
~
. Recommendation: ~ Written procedures should be provided to each EOC staff.,
member. :
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==
Description:==
A : discussion with the EOC ' staff revealed that the~. divil-
- Defense Director had never taken a course on radiation, and that those.of
.j
' the EOC staff who had had such a course took it two years ago. -
l.l
. Recommendation:
The Civil Defense Director should take a course Lon l
radiological emergency preparedness and response, and the cemainder of the :
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,EOC staff should be given refresher training on their responsibilities under -
the plan.
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1 18 Chselement 2.2.2 Charlemont The Charlemont EOC was equipped with appropriate furniture, equipment, and lighting to support emergency activities. A back-up power supply was not available for n !
the EOC.
Status boards were prominently displayed and kept current with exercise information.
Charts indicating contact names and telephone numbers for emergency response agencies were posted, correcting a previously identified area for corrective action.
A map of the plume exposure EPZ also displayed evacuation routes and population figures.
Information regarding alert routes, access control points, and relocation centers was available at the EOC.
Activation and staffing of the Charlemont EOC was performed promptly and in cecordance with the plan. The Notification of Unusual Event, Alert, and Site Area Emergency were received by the Charlemont Fire Department via the Tri-State Mutual Fire Network and each was verified by contacting the State Police, Troop B.
At the i
Unusual Event, the fire department dispatcher notified the CD Director (9:06 a.m.) and placed the remainder of the staff on standby. The CD Director opened the EOC and j
established communications by 9:23 a.m. Following the Alert declaration, the EOC staff was notified by the fire department dispatcher. Copies of the written call list were available, up-to-date, and used to notify EOC staff. Staffing of the EOC was completed
.by 10:00 a.m. and included the town Police and Fire Chiefs, a Selectman, and a ham radio operator. Each member of the staff demonstrated adequate background and knowledge of their respective responsibilities.
Overall, the staff demonstrated a genuine 4
'ommitment and enthusiasm for the exercise. Representatives from the Highway and I
c Health Departments did not participate in the exercise and were difficult to locate.
These individuals were on a road crew and could not be reached because town vehicles are not equipped with mobile radios. As a result, the objective to fully staff the EOC was not completely satisfied during the exercise.
Although a shift change was not demonstrated, the evaluator was convinced by his observations and discussions with the EOC staff that a competent emergency response can be mounted 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> per day. No single dispatch point is continuously monitored 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> per day in Charlemont. During off-duty hours when the fire radio is not monitored, notification of emergency personnel can be made through other fire radio units located in the homes of five volunteers. The town siren can be activated from those residences to signal emergency response personnel. The town stren was activated by the Fire Chief to determine what kind of unannounced response he could get.
A total of six volunteers responded to this unannounced call.
The EOC was effectively managed by the CD Director. Decisions and issues were openly discussed among.the staff.
The Selectman provided authoritative and enthusiastic input to these discussions as he has a strong background in the operation and off-site implications of nuclear facilities. Copies of the town plan were available and used.
The operational checklists contained in the plan were effectively followed throughout the course of the exercise. Message logs were accurately maintained at the EOC. However, when the content of message is unclear, it is suggested that the EOC staff be more aggressive in seeking clarification from the source. An aid to enhancing the efficiency of message traffic transcription would include the acquisition of standard message forms. For the exercise, access to the EOC was not controlled. However, the
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- .y 19 Charlemont doors to the town' hall and to the EOC can be secured from the inside to limit access
- when necessary.
The. primary communication system used-during this exercise was the RE"tP
,e radio.-. Communications were demonstrated between the EOC and the Area IV offlec,-
neighboring town EOCs, and the EOF.
Back-up power for the radi.o equipment was present and ' demonstrated to be operational, correcting an area for corrective action, from the previous exercise., An NOAA tone-alert radio receiver and a ham radio were also present and used. Information transmitted from the EOC was almost entirely by ~
commercial telephone. Although no field activities were demonstrated by Charlemont during this exercise, a need was identified for EOC staff (e.g., the CD Director, Police Chief, Fire Chief) to have the capability to communicate with emergency workers in the field. Currently, no means of communication exist for EOC staff to communicate with.
officers at the traffic control points, personnel on route alert runs, or operators of town-owned road equipment. ' The lack of a communication capability with these functions severely limits the coordination of fleid activities, the monitoring of ~ exposure to emergency workers, and obtaining progress reports.
No activities involving public' alerting or instruction were. demonstrated at the Charlemont EOC. However, the EOC can activate the town siren system through the fire department to notify local residents. Residences and facilities beyond the audible range of.the siren have been issued tone-alert radios. The town has developed a plan for L,
back-up route alerting that should be formalized and included in the town plan. During.
this exercise, the activation of the tone-alert radio and emergency broadcast system (W4 were monitored and verifled.
V No protective actions were demonstrated at Charlemont during this exercise.
i However, traffic volumes to be expected during an evacuation through Charlemont were discussed.
According to the EOC staff, adequate resources are available to keep i
evacuation routes clear, provide traffic control, and evacuate the schools. In the event of a problem with any of these activities, they were aware of how to obtain assistance through the Area IV office and through mutual aid agreements with neighboring towns.
The EOC staff demonstrated adequate knowledge and training in radiological exposure control and the use of dosimetry equipment. The equipment provided by the State was all present and operational. An adequate number of direct-reading (low, mid,
l and high-range) dosimeters, film badges, record cards and instructions, and survey meters 1
were available. Five 14-tablet bottles of KI were also in the footlocker.
Except for a complete staffing and communications, all other exercise objectives for this exercise were satisfled at the Charlemont EOC.
DEFICIENCIES q
None.
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20 Charlanont
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AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION 1.
==
Description:==
Currently, no means exist for EOC staff to communicate with emergency personnel'in the field (e.g., traffic control points, personnel on route alert runs, operators of town-owned road equipment). The lack of a communication capability with these functions severely limits the coordination of field activities, the monJtoring of exposure to emergency workers, and obtaining progress reports (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.F.1.e, K.4, J.10.k, K.3.a).
Recommendation: The' town should meet with the State and utility to explore possibilities of acquiring the necessary equipment to meet emergency response needs.
2.
==
Description:==
Representatives from the Highway and Health Departments did not participate in this exercise or the previous
-j one (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.A.1.b, E.2).
Recommendations: A stronger commitment is required from these agencies at the EOC.
3.
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Description:==
The list of mobility-impaired was not up to date.
Recommendation:
The list of mobility-impaired should be
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reviewed and updated as necessary (FEM A-REP-1, Rev.
1, II.J.10.d).
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
The town has developed a route alerting plan and Intends to augment the stren and tone-alert system with route alerting.
Recommendation: The town formalize its route alert plan and incorporate it into the Town Plan.
2.
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Description:==
The transcription of messages received over the j
RERP radio was, at times, confusing and cumbersome.
Recommendation Acquisition of the State's standardized message forms might enhance the efficiency of radio message transcription. Also, when the content of messages is unclear, the EOC staff shoul'd be more aggressive in seeking clarification from i
the source.
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21 Clarksburg 4
2.2.3 Clarksburg
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The EOC is located in an old school which also houses the town center and police station. The facility is spacious and equipped with sufficient furniture and lighting. The room which the EOC occupied did not have a telephone jack. The phone was in the police station about 50 ft. and half a flight of stairs away. This often physically separated the EOC staff. The radio operator was in yet another room. This should be corrected and all communication channels - phones, two-way radio, ham radio - and all emergency workers should be in or adjoining the operations room. No back-up power is available for the EOC. This could create problems in case of power failure during an emergency.
Staff mobilization was initiated at 9:05 a.m. and completed within a few minutes. Communications with Area IV.was established after some minor difficulty with
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the radio. The Civil Defense Director and the rest of the staff were well trained and i
knowledgeable about their assigned duties. A ham radio operator was available during i
the entire exercise to obtain independent confirmation of the messages from Area IV.
j All messages were properly recorded.
Two ham radios and Police and Fire Department radios were operational during the whole exercise. There was interference chatter of non-emergency nature heard on
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the two-way radio.
Emergency operations management at the EOC was excellent. The Civil Defense Director was effectively in charge. Periodic briefings were held to inform the staff on status changes. Messages were logged and properly handled. All staff involved were (n) very knowledgeable of their assigned duties and responsibilities. The EOC staff were V
expecting more specific instructions regarding activation of strens, distribution of KI, etc., to be issued by Area IV; however, absent these the Selectman took the initiative to l
instruct the fire department to simulate route alerting and activation of sirens. Traffic control measures were discussed at the EOC when word was received that Monroe was being evacuated.
l An adequate supply of dosimeters, chargers, record keeping cards, and KI was available at the EOC. The Emergency Operations Director issued dosimeters to all route j
alert personnel. Several people at the EOC were very knowledgeable about the proper use of dosimetry and KI.
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT
- 1. '
Description:
EOC personnel were physically separated into various rooms because of lack of telephone Jacks in the designated room for EOC staff.
V
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22 Clarksberg Recommendation:
Telephone jacks should be installed in the operations room.
2.
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Description:==
Emergency backup power not available.
Recommendation: '
An electrical emergency power generator should be available in the event of a power failure.
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i 23 Colrain 2.2.4 Colrain
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The EOC is located in a well equipped Fire House with ample space, kitchen, sleeping accommodations, and a back-up power source. Maps and status boards were.
posted and used. The shift in wind direction was noted and the area which would be i
affected by the plume was outlined in the EPZ map. Access control points, dairy farms, j
and water supplies were all posted on one map.
The EOC was activated by 10:10 a.m. following a 9:51 a.m. call from Tri-State Mutual Fire and a verification call to the State Police. Key personnel were summoned by the Fire Chief from a call list while the Civil Defense Director set up the EOC.
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Additional EOC personnel arrived within 30 minutes. Several participant's homes viere J
provided with fire phones and several had pagers to provide a 24-hour alert capacity. A roster showing second shift personnel was posted.
The Civil Defense Director effectively managed the EOC with other staff
)
providing decision-making support when appropriate. The local plan was available and referred to by the staff. Message logs were maintained. The staff was briefed on all messages. Access control to the EOC was excellent. All non-local persons were asked for full identification. Because the Federal observer did not have a badge shown in the plan, verification was requested from the State.
Ample communication equipment was available. The RACES radio was not able.
to transmit messages initially, but a loose wire was located and repaired about 5 minutes A
after EOC activation. Area IV had difficulty receiving messages front Colrain on the CD radio in the, morning. The Town of Greenfield began to relay messages for Colrain and all messages were confirmed by telephone. The problem disappeared in the afternoon, when a switch was made to an alternate repeater station. Phone and radio pagers were used to notify EOC personnel to report and would be used for field personnel.
Public alerting was simulated by the EOC. The staff discussed alerting and simulated the activation of the town siren at 11:05 a.m., following notification at 10:59 a.m. of a Site Area Emergency. They clearly demonstrated via discussions that they had the resources and capacity to alert and instruct the public. No protective actions were called for. Staff discussed and demonstrated that they were prepared to act should conditions change. There were sufficient vehicles and personnel to cover all eight traffic control points.
The ' highway department was prepared to keep the evacuation route open in bad weather or to open an alternate route. Information and provision for moving school children and special needs individuals were posted.
The EOC had an ample supply of TLDs and all three ranges of self-reading dosimeters. The EOC staff demonstrated proper procedures for charging and reading dosimeters and recording doses.
Instructions were issued with each dosimetry set.
Potassium iodide was available and personnel knew proper procedures for use. Personnel knew about decontamination procedures.
The Selectman in charge of media relations determined that all media could be referred to the State Media Center where better and more complete information would
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be available.
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24 Colrain I
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREA' REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION 1
1.
==
Description:==
Problems were encountered with radio 1
communication to Area IV during the morning (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.F.1.ti).
Recommendation:
The reason for poor radio signal reception should be investigated and, if possible, corrected.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1
None.
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i 25 Floride i
l 2.2.5 Florida The Florida EOC is located in the Gabriel Abbott School and was adequate to support emergency response operations. The facility has beds, showers, and a kitchen to r
support extended operations, if necessary.
No back-up power supply was available, however. A back-up generator would enhance the capability to respond to many types of emergencies. A status board and a plume EPZ map were on display and were kept up-to-date according to the progress of the exercise scenario.
The EOC was activated at the Alert stage and all participating staff were on hand by the time the Site Area Emergency notification was received. Activation of the EOC was initiated when the CD Director, who works as a school teacher in the building where the EOC is located, happened to stop by the EOC when Area IV was taking roll call.
This bypassed the usual activation procedure via Tri-State Fire ~ radio; that procedure should be tested at a future exercise. EOC staff representing Civil Defense, Fire Department, Highway Department and RACES participated in the exercise and demonstrated the ability to coordinate response activities. Other town officials were available by telephone if needed, and firemen could be notified by radio pager. There was no listing of available personnel in the plan, however. A staffing list should be included in the town plan. A shift roster was not drawn up, but the Director indicated orally that the EOC could be operated on a 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> basis by having the Selectman replace him and Fire Department personnel replace the other staff.
The Civil Defense Director was clearly in charge of the EOC operations and was T
quite knowledgeable of radiological emergency response duties. A copy of the plan was Q]
available and was frequently referred to by the Dir.ector. Messages were properly logged but multiple copies were not made due to the small number of staff at the EOC.
Radio was the primary means of communications with the MCDA Area IV EOC.
Back-up consisting of telephone and amateur radio provided assurance of constant communications. The systems proved to be reliable through the entire exercise.
The town of Florida was instructed by the State to take shelter during the exercise. Since NOAA weather alert radio at the EOC never sounded, the town was uncertain whether the public was notified. The Civil Defense Director instructed his staff to simulate route alerting in case the tone alert system had failed. This was a proper response under the circumstances and demonstrated initiative on the part of the Director.
There was an adequate number of dosimeters, chargers, record keeping cards, permanent record devices, and survey meters to monitor exposure levels to the emergency staff. The Civil Defense Director was knowledgeable on the use of the equipment.
DEFICIENCIES e
None.
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26' Floride i
. AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
The Florida EOC does not have emergency back-up power.
Recommendation: The town should obtain an electric generator to i
supply back-up po'wer/or communications.
2.
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Description:==
There is no comprehensive listing of emergency workers' phone numbers in the plan.
Recommendation:
A list of all emergency staff with phone numbers should be included in the plan.
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27 dawlsy 2.2.6 Hawley
,,,n The' Hawley EOC is located in the town hall. Faciltles are adequate to support emergency operations. Adequate maps and displays were available and used throughout the exercise. A map cf the plume exposure EPZ was used to plot wind direction. The status board, staffing chart and emergency phone list were displayed and kept up-to-date.
The Civil Defense Director has requested that the EO'C be relocated in the new Fire Department building. This would have the advantage of being outside of the EPZ, and, since it is at an elevation of 1400. feet, communication with areas over the mountains would not be hampered.
l The EOC was activated at 9:27 a.m. and partially staffed by 10:30 a.m.
A written call list was used to notify staff, but because of work commitments, only the Civil Defense Director / Fire Chief, the assistant Civil Defense Director, and a i
representative of the Police Chief participated in. the exercise.
Additionally, two amateur radio operators maintained a communication network'throughout the area for the duration of the exercise. Twenty-four hour staffing was demonstrated by a roster of two 12-hour shifts.
Both the Notification of Unusual Event and the Alert were done through the use of radio pagers from the Tri-State Mutual Fire network, specifically Greenfield Fire department. The Unusual Event was not heard or responded to until the Northampton
/]
State Police Station called requesting a verification. Greenfield informed Hawley of the Q
Alert by telephone instead of pager. The Site Area Emergency and General Emergency notifications were received from both Area IV and Greenfield and verified by calling the State Police. It was confirmed during the exercise that telephone contact was more effective than the paging system.
Emergency management operations were conducted in an efficient and orderly manner. Although the number of staff at the EOC was small, both the Civil Defense Director and his assistant demonstrated thorough knowledge of procedures and a high level of enthusiasm for the exercise. A copy of the plan was available, including written i
checklists for each function. Message logs were kept in the EOC by the assistant Civil Defense Director and also by the RACES operators.
Since all communication and decision-making flowed between the director and his assistant, formal briefings were not j
held.
Discussions following the exercise acknowledged that briefings would become necessary when all staff were present and shif t changes occurred, j
The EOC is equipped with a Civil Defense radio, a Tri-State 100 watt portable radio, and a commercial telephone. RACES operators provided additional communica-tion. Because of the weather, radio communication was difficult, and the decision was l
made to dispatch a person to the Hawley Fire Department. Equipment there includes
)
two 100 watt base stations, five pagers, and two telephones. One telephone is a landline and the other.. the dedicated " red" phone. In addition, there are dedicated phones in the home of seven volunteers. A set of SOPS has been developed to ensure that at least one of these phones is manned on a 24-hour basis.
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20 Hawlsy e
Public alerting and instruction are not responsibilities of Hawley. However, two tone alert radios were' positioned in the EOC and monitored, and the town's volunteer firemen were notified and placed on standby via the paging system.
4 The scenario did not require any protective actions in Hawley. Nevertheless, a
)
discussion was held to review evacuation procedures. In the event of an evacuation, Fire Department equipment would be supplemented by resources from nearby communities to man traffic control points. Snow removal is handled routinely. There are no special needs people in the area, and no schools or hospitals that would require special evacuation procedures.
~
A secured trunk was available which contained dosimeters, TLDs, KI, CD monitors, batteries, record forms and instructions. The Civil Defense Director was knowledgeable in the use of the equipment and gave a thorough briefing on the use of dosimeters. It was noted that individual dose record forms had not been supplied.
The corrective action from the last exercise has been rectified. Key messages l
were verifled by calling the State Police, and the staff activation procedures have been updated.
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPRO'!EMENT 1.
==
Description:==
The EOC dosimetry kit did not include individual dose record forms.
Recommendation: These forms should be added to the dosimetry supply kit.
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29 L
2.2.7 Heath *
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. The.EOC facility was adequate. Furniture, space, lighting, and telephones were
. sufficient; and. noise 'was ' controlled. L The facility would be hard-pressed to, support extended operations, however, since there are no bunks, showers or kitchen facilities. A
' status board was displayed and periodically updated with radiation release. and wind direction information. This was an' area for improvement that was met at this exercise.
The emergency classification level was promptly posted.
Activation and staffing were primarily. simulated.
The activation call was received at 9:48 a.m. over the Tri-State Network and verified.as specified in the plan.
. However, only partial staffing was demonstrated due to prior commitnients of some emergency response personnel. There was a call list that appeared to be up to date, and round-the-clock staffing capability was demonstrated by presentation of a roster. During the course of the exercise each. individual with emergency response responsibility.
(
appeared in the EOC.at some point.
The Civil Defense Director was firmly in control of the operation of the EOC.
Message logs were kept, but the operations log specified in.the plan was not used.
Throughout the' exercise, the CD Director doubled as the communications' officer. The F
operations of the.EOC could be improved if these two functions are separated as called for in the plan.
Communications at the Heath EOC were' good... Civil defense radio was the-primary means. of communication with commercial telephones and amateur radio as
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- backups. The CD. Director was able to verify messages received from the Area IV EOC.
i
. This was an area for improvement suggested at a previous exercise that was met at this
~
exercise. The receipt and verif! cation of messages went well.
Heath was not 'In the plume and no protective actions were recommended to cause activation of its public alerting systems.' The EBS station was not monitored, as recommended, during the previous exercise. Emergency public instructions from the Heath EOC were not required.'
No protective actions were recommended for Heath, however,.EOC staff were aware of the location of mobility-impaired individuals. The information was available in
~ written form. There was also awareness of persons with special needs.
1 Radiological exposure control was adequate. The EOC was equipped with low,
mid, and h!gh-range direct read dosimeters and film badges. There was also a battery powered charger for the dosimeters. The radiological officer maintained an information sheet for emergency workers. Although no instructions on the use 'of dosimetry were given, casual observation indicated that EOC personnel were aware of its proper use.
DEFICIENCIES None.
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30 Hseth 1
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE A'CTION
.,j 1.
Description Only partial staffing was demonstrated (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.2).
Recommendattom Staff mobilization procedures should be demonstrated at the next exercise, l
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT i
1.
Description The EBS station was not monitored in the EOC during the exercise.
Recommendattom Information being given to the public should be monitored through NOAA or EBS.
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31 Monroa 2.2.8 Monroe i
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The EOC located in the Town Hall at Monroe Bridge is small but adequate for this community. The building also houses the Selectman's office, a small !!brary, and an elementary school. Continuous operations could be sustained indefinitely; however, since the EOC is only 0.7 miles from the plant, an alternate EOC is located near the top of the mountain. The alternate EOC is rudimentary and located in a garage building with RACES as the only means of communications.
Normally, all of Monroe would be evacuated at the Site Area Emergency because it is within the two mile perimeter. All necessary displays were posted. The status board containing much detailed information was available and kept up-to-date. No back-up power source was available so that radio communication could be sustained in the event of a power failure.
The chairman of the Board of Selectman, who is also the Civil Defense Director, was at the EOC in the Town Hall before the Unusual Event notification. The staff, most of whom work in other communities some distances away from Monroe, are all volunteers. Because of this Monroe cannot call up a full staff on short notice and, therefore, elects to activate their EOC at or before an Alert notification rather than just remaining on standby. Call up procedures were satisfactorily explained. Although the EOC was short staffed, the six participants assisted by the Highway Department and RACES handled operations well. The alternate EOC was also activated and staffed.
Management of operations by the First Selectman, who is also the Civil Defense Director, was outstanding.
The staff was kept well informed and decisions were
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appropriate and timely. Written procedures and checklists were used correctly and all
\\d the messages were logged. Although there was no formal control of access to the EOC, there is only one entrance to the EOC which is in clear view of the Civil Defense Director. For this small rural community of only some 145 people and which has no i
. police personnel, it seems that no formal access control such as a guard at the door s needed.
All communication needs were met by the excellent Civil Defense radio system, RACES and commercial telephone.
The CD radio was reliable and performed well.
There was a problem in that it took too long to transcribe messages at AREA IV. This kept the network tied up more often and longer than would seem necessary, and caused many otherwise unnecessary time consuming repetitions. As suggested previously, some j
consideration should be given to making the Civil Defense radio system capable of 1
portability to some degree so that it could be used at the alternate EOC.
At the local level public alerting and instruction demonstrations were outstanding. Vehicles with PA equipment were sent out at each change in emergency action level.
Prescripted informative messages were used and were repeated frequently. Coordination with siren activation was excellent. NOAA radio was also demonstrated once, but since there was no actual EBS broadcast of instructions for the State to sound sirens, the effectiveness of the State initiated activities could not be determined. Since route alerting takes about one hour in good weather, Monroe would rely heavily on NOAA radio and EBS. The five mobility-impaired persons were also kept
[~N informed by direct personal contact.
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a 32 Monros Monroe does not have a police force or a Fire Department and local personnel l
resources are very limited and may not be available for traffic control; however, the need for equipment is very minimal for t!!s small rural and sparsely populated area. If needs could not be met locally, assistarce from Area IV would be requested. In this s
exercise, road blocks were established by the utility. Monroe informed the Williamstown reception center and Area IV of the number of evacuees and vehicles to expect and when to expect them. This was verified by the Area IV office. Evacuation was simulated by private automobile in a convoy led by a Monroe Highway Department truck. Although the sheltering recommendations made by the State, followed later by an evacuation order, were complied with, Monroe for reasons stated earlier would have normally l
evacuated at the Site Area Emergency.
Radiological exposure control and continuous personnel monitoring capabilities were demonstrated by a well trained team from the utility. All necessary dosimeters, TLDs and survey meters were available, along with record keeping cards and a supply of KI. Dosimeters were properly charged and staff were instructed in their use. The staff was well aware of decontamination procedures; normally, however, decontamination would ' not be done at Monroe since it would have been evacuated at Site Area Emergency.
DEFICIENCIES I
None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION None.
AREA RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
No back-up power available.
Recommendation: Consider obtaining a portable generator so that i
radio communications can be maintained in the event of a power outage.
2.
Description RACES is the only means of communication for the alternate EOC.
Recommendation: Consider installing an antenna at the alternate EOC for the Civil Defense Radio or obtaining additional equipment for the permanent installation of a civil defense radio in the alternate EOC.
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,4 33 North-Adams 1 -
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2.2.9 North Adams 1
The North Adams EOC is located in the. Public Safety Building in North Adams.
- Space, furniture, lighting, and telephones were sufficient. Automatic backup power as l
well as 'a kitchen, bathroom, and sleeping accommodations could easily support extended operations. A status board was clearly visible, showing the event classification'and the occurrence of significant events. Maps were posted showing the plume exposure EPZ, evacuation routes, traffic control points, and population by sectors.
The EOC activation and staff mobilization procedures were initiated by the Fire Department dispatcher on duty. A written call list was used to notify staff and the EOC was fully staffed by 9:30 a.m. Twenty-four hour staffing capability was demonstrated by the presentation of a roster.
The Civil Defense Director in the EOC was effectively in charge of emergency l
operations. Access to the area was controlled. Several copies of the plan were available for reference.. Message logs were kept and message handling was efficient.
Staff j
briefings were held and the decision-making process was effective.
Civil Defense radio was the primary means of communications with amateur l
radio and commercial telephone as designated back-ups. Noise level was well controlled, which corrects an " area for improvement" in the previous exercise.
Protective actions were recommended for North Adams by the State Civil Defense. Shelter-in-place was simulated by the local Civil Defense Director as were O
,public alerting / instruction activities.-
Activation of three traffic control points was simulated in support of evacuation procedures implemented for the town of Monroe. The EOC' staff indicated that adequate and appropriate resources are available to keep evacuation routes clear of obstructions. Written information about mobility-impaired
- individuals in the area was available at the EOC, and their special needs noted.
An adequate supply of dosimetry, chargers and record keeping cards was available at the EOC. Although the EOC is beyond the plume exposure EPZ, dosimetry would be issued from the EOC for emergency' workers.
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS None.
~
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT l
u None.
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2.2.10 Rowe The Rowe Emergency Operaticins Center (EOC) was located in a conference rocm in the new fire station. The communications equipment was located in a closet that.
opened into the conference room and also served as a storkge area for the radiological i a monitoring equipment.
Back-up power was available, and the generator is tested I l, weekly. The EOC had a status board which was kept upJ o-date and the following maps l
t were posted: the town, the pbme exposure emergency planning zone, and radiological l'
monitoring points.
Communications equipment in the EOC incWded Tri-State Mutual Fire radio, telephone, Civil Defense radio, town police, Fire and Highway Department rados, /
County and State Police radios, and RACES.
The town also had a scanner which monitored the communicatignc from the plant to the EOF and between the utility and their field monitoring teams.
The town acknowledged receipt of all officish '
communications. RACES provided a back-up for all official communications.
,tu The EOC was activated promptly. Tri-State Mutual notified the Deputy Fire Chief of the Alert at 9:48 a.m. He then used the written calllist to telephone the Board of Selectmen and the Civil Defense Director. The town has recently revised its plan and will now activate the EOC at an Alert classification level or higher. The Chairman of the Board of Selectmen arrived at the EOC at 10:00 a.m. and the Civil Defense Director and the RADEF/ medical services volunteer arrived at 10:05 a.m.
The Area IV Civil Defense Office was notified 2t,10:11 a.in. that the EOC was operational.
g The EOC was effectively managed by the Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, 5
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who was capably assisted by a Selectwoman and the Civil Defense Director. He followed the detailed procedures in the 1;hn. He placed the Highway Depsetment on standby and simulated calling the rest of the emergency resi;ome gtaff. The tdwn,has sufficient staff j to maintain continuous operations. The Rowe Ele,mentary Sepool was kept notified of the S situation and informed the EOC when they had uranged s.lternata transponatpn arrangements for the school and the 92 students in attendance. Messages were logged in and distributed appropriately. Access to the EOC was contro)%d.
l Rowe was not involved in protective actions. However, they prom'ptly activated access control points and indicated that sufficient resources are available to keep
,);l evacuation routes clear in bad weather.
When sheltering was recommended for
,j Clarksburg, Florida, and North Adams, they stated that 2 families lived in tne velley and simulated the dispatch of a police officer to notify them to shelter and f p eemain wita +
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the children until their parents returned if they discovered that the childrenfere alone.
The EOC staff was aware of the location and special needs of the mobility-inpaired.
The foot locker containing radiological equipment was taken to thd ' dispatcher's office in the fire station. A full complement of equipment was available. The health services officer distributed the dosimetry to the EOC staff along with instructions on their use. They took readings every half hour.
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. DEFICIENCIES '
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None.
. AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION
' None..
1 AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT None.
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2.2.11 Savoy.
1 s e LLocated in the FdbHouten the Savoy EOG was adeguately iled with furniture lighting and. communication equipment., Space wu; adequate for staff
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operathns for this small community. Back-up power is p.rovidpd by the Fire Department 1
jpperator. Extended emergency operations can be cor$uch{d from this facility with iome inconvenience; kitchen and toilet facilities were available though limited. Displays
.jiwere%cellent. - A status board and plume exposure EP3 pap were posted. Maps showing
' evacu;atloa routes (and relocation centers were available. ' The area requiring corrective actiorp)om the gdylous exercise of not maintaining the status board nad been rectified.l I
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The C!,vil, Defense Direct,od activated the EOC at 9:30 a.m. Immediately following the Alert message. Mobij!2ation procedures were carried outjaccording to the i
operations plan and were competed japidly (13 mim:tes overall e'apsed time from initiation tcg completion,of EOC staffing). Staffing included represen'itives of the Fire Department; Police, {Unlic Works,and RACES.
(
Emergency operts lons wcre tdtkectively conduem( d by the Director.
Maps uid displays were 'availa6:e a(nd maintained.
The revis4d Savoy RER Plan was followed,.
,g including the checi: lists.,it was apparent that the stafftmembers were familiar with the i
provisions of the operation (p's'.n. Th4 entire ttaff was fully involved, although there wad,
f not much opportunity for decision making shee Savoy was not in the path of the plume.
k Internal communientions, ahhough oral, were effective for a small staff.
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telephone, fire net and ams teur radio as backup. All communication syste5s worked
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,N Radiological monitoring equipment. Including serpey and dosimetry is maintained j
at the EOC. Procedures relating to the usd of the equipment and recording of measure-ments' were reviewed during the exercise.
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,s 37 Raception Canter Williamstown, MA 2.3 RECEPTION CENTER - WILLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSE'1"rS
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The reception center was located at the Greylock Regional High School outside
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of Williamstown. The school facility is suitable for use as a reception center. The first participants to arrive were the amateur radio operators, Red Cross staff and a representative from the Salvation Army.
They arrived between 10:25 a.m. and 10:50 a.m. The Red Cross Shelter Manager arrived at 12:20 p.m., took command of his
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teams and moved them into the school auditorium where he set up shop in a proper manner. At about 1:00 p.m. the local CD Director, the town manager and four town staff arrived to set up the reception function for evacuees. It should be noted that this was just about the time that the first evacuation recommendation would have gone to the public; this would have left very little time for setting up the facility before evacuees began arriving. It is important to begin the process of activating the facility well in advance of any actual evacuation.
Upon arrival the Director and staff set up an evacuee registration area.
Adequate equipment, forms and procedures for registration were demonstrated. The town is working with photocopied registration forms. Massachusetts should consider developing printed, multicopy registration forms, and a separate form for indicating that radiological monitorir.g has been performed. A roster of relief staff was available, showing who would come in for the next two shifts, if needed.
Equipment and procedures for radiological monitoring of evacuees and emergency personnel were not demonstrated. Trained personnel were not available for
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the exercise, according to the Director. Trained personnel, equipment, and " evacuee" y,/
role players are necessary for an adequate demonstration of this activity.
Communication resources were adequate. Telephones and amateur ' radio were available for emergency communication. The amateur radio operators did an excellent job.
Although mass care was not specifically an objective for Massachusetts during this exercise, a number of mass care staff participated and brought out some issues which should be addressed. One, the. Red Cross and the Salvation Army both thought they had the primary responsibility for feeding evacuees at the mass care center.
Formal written agreements regarding the allocation of responsibilities should be executed between the Town of Williamstown and the volunteer organizations, and
.l Included in the plan. Two, some of the mass care staff felt that the allocation of space within the reception center was inappropriate. Specifically they' felt that the mass care center had too little space, whereas the reception area had too much. Also, the CD Director stated that he felt it would be inappropriate to set up radiological monitoring l
and decontamination at the same location since this might result in the school's only
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showers becoming unusable. All of these issues and questions point to the need for an update to the plan for this facility.
i DEFICIENCIES A
1.
==
Description:==
Equipment and procedures for radiological monitoring
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of evacuees and emergency personnel were not demonstrated,
38 Reccption Csnter Williamstown, MA (FEM A-REP-1, Rev.1, II.J.1'2, K.5.a, K.S.b).
. Recommendation: Operational procedures should be demonstrated for radiological monitoring.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 1.
==
Description:==
The CD Director and other town staff did not arrive to begin setting up the reception center until about 1:00 p.m.,
J about the same time that the first recommendation to evacuate was given to the public. This would have left very little time for l
setting up the facility before evacuees began arriving. In addition, according to the principal of the school, when school is in session it would take a minimum of one hour to get the students out (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.J.10.h).
Recommendation:
It is important to begin the process of activating the facility well in advance of any actual evacuation.
Procedures for the activation of the reception center should be reviewed and revised as necessary.nter activation.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
The town is working with photocopied registration forms.
. Recommendation:
Massachusetts should consider providing printed, multicopy registration forms, and a separate form for indicating that radiological monitoring has been performed.
2.
==
Description:==
Although mass care was not specifically an objective for Massachusetts during this exercise, a number of mass care staff participated and brought out some issues which should be addressed (1) the Red Cross and the Salvation Army both thought they had the primary responsibility for feeding evacuees at the mass care center; (2) some of the mass care staff felt that the allocation of space within the reception c' enter was inappropriate, specifically they felt that the mass care center had too littb space, whereas the reception area had'too much; and (3) the CD Director stated that he felt it would be inappropriate to set up radiological monitoring and decontamination at the same location since this might result in the school's only showers becoming unusable.
Recommendation:
The plan shall be reviewed and revised as necessary. Formal written agreements regarding the allocation of responsibilities should be executed between the Town of Williamston and the volunteer organizations, and included in the
' plan.
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~ 3 EXERCISE EVALUATIONS - VERMONT -
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- 3.1.' VERMONT STATE OPERATIONS
- 3.1.1' Emergency Operations Center q
i The Vermont State EOC is located in the State Hospital complex in Waterbury, E about 15 miles from the state' capitol in Montpeller. It has adequate ' space, furniture,
~ to; support : emergency 1 functions..
Decisionc making and C
' lighting, ' and equipment interagency coordination was conducted from the operations - room,- and there were separate adjacent rooms for communications, radiological health, and public information J
functions. Numerous rooms were available down the-hall for use by other agencies as-N needed.. The l operations room. proved to be noisy at times because of multiple d
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= conversations; use-of-the. rooms down the hall for conferences would alleviate this j
. problem.
EOC maps and dis' plays were generally good, although they were not'always used
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to' best advantage,;and one key map was missing'(see below). The status board was
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clearly. visible and emergency action levels and othar key information was' promptly' i
posted on it. One wall of the operations room was devoted to map displays, with several 1
r layers of display boards which could be slid out to show the attached maps. A plume EPZ -
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- map with sectors was posted, and the plume was plotted.on it using pieces of colored
. plastic.. A map of evacuation routes, access control points and relocation centers was
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O posted in an adjacent. work room, and was available in the operations room. The most 3
Important need, however, is a detailed EPZ area road map designed for radiological'
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monitoring field team' direction. Neither the field teams nor the field team coordinator 1
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st the EOC were equipped with these. (See discussion of field team direction below.)
]
l Activation and staffing of the EOC went smoothly. according to : plan.
' Notification of the Unusual Event and Alert was received at the State Police Warning Point via the Nuclear Alert radiotelephone system. The Warning Point is located in the
.same building as the EOC and is staffed around the clock. The communications officers used a calllist to notify the EOC staff. There was some difficulty in reaching one staff.
member at the Unusual Event stage, but the Alert stage calls proceeded more quickly and were completed in about 20 minutes. The staff arrived promptly and activated the 3
EOC following the Alert notification and, thereaf ter, - all notification ~ and q
communications responsibilities were performed ' at the EOC.
The following organizations were represented at the EOC: State Emergency Management, Public Safety, State Police, Transportation, Occupational and Radiological Health, Public Health, Agriculture, Fish and Game, Human Services, Red Cross, and the Army National Guard. Overall the staff demonstrated adequate training and knowledge of the functions
.they were expected to perform. One potential problem was noted.in staffing. The Human Services and Red Cross representatives are not contacted until the Site Area Emergency level, 'which might cause delay in activating reception centers if they are V-needed shortly following the Site Area Emergency declaration.
These organizations
- should be contacted sooner, or else another EOC staff person should be designated to act on their behalf prior to their arrival.
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40 VermontStatsE'bd The EOC was effectively managed and the staff functioned well as a decision-I making group..For training purposes, the upper level EOC managers changed positions, so that the State Director of Emergency Management assumed the role of Governor, and the other managers each moved one step up in the decision making hierarchy. Despite acting as the Governor, the State Director nonetheless was effectively in charge of the EOC.
Periodic staff briefings were held to update everyone on the progress of the exercise, and decisions were generally discussed thoroughly with departmental staff. The
" Governor" was kept informed of Massachusetts activities and efforts were made to coordinate decisions and recommendations between the two States via conference calls.
Copies of the plan and procedures were available and were utilized by EOC staff.
Internal message distribution was adequate and message logs were kept. Access to the building containing the EOC was controlled by State Police and Emergency Management Division staff.
The communications equipment at the EOC worked well throughout the exercise. Adequate communications were demonstrated between the Vermont EOC and the Massachusetts EOC, the EOF, the EBS station, the National Weather Service (NWS),
4 the Media Center, and the EPZ towns. Redundant systems were consistently available.
A hard copy transmission device (panafax) was available and was used primarily to receive plume projections and other data from the licensee.
While this was useful information, it tended to exclude other necessary uses of the machine, such as exchanges of PARS and press releases with the Media Center. No hard copy traffic to the Media j
Center was observed.
Radio communications were supplemented by a team of Amateur Radio q
Emergency Services volunteers. Statewide communications were available through their network, although communications to the EPZ area had to be relayed because of a gap in j
repeater coverage.
i Procedural problems resulted in a defielency in communications with the j
licensee. The licensee gave notice of EAL changes to the State representative at the EOF, rather than using the primary system (NUCLEAR ALERT) to communicate directly I
with the EOC. This procedure was followed on three occasions - on escalation to Site
)
Area Emergency, on escalation to General Emergency, and on de-escalation back to Site l
Area Emergency - despite immediate objections from the Vermont State Director. The result was significant delays in receipt of this crucial information. For example, the I
initial Site Area Emergency was declared by the licensee at 10:32 a.m. No official word l
was received at the EOC, but various staff members began to hear of it second hand in the course of communications with staff at other locations. Finally at 11:00 a.m. the State Director used the Nuclear Alert system to call the licensee for confirmation, and
)
received it.
The licensee must follow the State's designated procedure for primary i
notification.
Public alerting and instruction was demonstrated by means of NOAA tone alert radio activation and EBS broadcast. The first round of notification and instruction took place at 11:15 a.m., shortly after the official word of Site Area Emergency had been received..The NWS office in Burlington was contacted and broadcast an alert tone and a l
test message at 11:15 a.m.
Meanwhile, the primary EBS station was contacted and a
" live feed" was arranged.
Following the tone alert system activation (which was 1
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Vermont State'EOC monitorek in the 'EOC) the EOC ' director read a prepared test message'.which was
[,
[ broadcast live on the EBS system.~ The process was quick to set up, worked 'well, and i
provided for coordination of' timing between the alert signal and the instructional EBS message.
- Activation of the alert and notification system was simulated after'each new protective action recommendation, 'a total of three times.~ In each case the Public
. Notification Officer (PNO) followed the notificati.on procedures correctly'and did a good
' job of coordinating the timing of the NOAA alert signal and the broadcast of instructions on EBS. However, there were significant probleins with the contents of the instructional messages.
Vermont's proce' dure for broadcast of public instructions is based on the use of prerecorded tapes on file at the NWS and'the primary EBS station. There are several
' tapes, corresponding to different emergency situations, containing different protective action recommendations. - (The full texts of' the tapes may be found in. the VRERP,
'Section 22.) During the exercise, the PNO would contact the NWS and EBS station and H
request that they play'the appropriate tape at a certain time. In order to tailor the message to the particular' circumstances of the exercise, the PNO would ' draft' a '
' supplementary message. to the broadcast along with the tape, giving the. specific geographic areas affected. :The PNO draf ted these supplementary messages on an ad hoc.
.y basis and dictated them over the telephone to the EBS station. For example, the first protective action recommendation-for the public was that residents of the towns of.
Readshorough and Whitingham within five miles of the plant should take shelter. The h
PNO requested.the NWS and EBS station to simulate playing tape "4-A," which instructs j
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. everyone within five miles of 'the plant to take shelter, along with a supplementary-message specifying application to Readsborough and Whitingham in particular. A similar procedure was used for the two succeeding protective action recommendations.
Several problems were identifled with'the content of the instructions. In the
~' example given above (tape 4-A) the tape does not relate the protective action area to
~
familiar boundaries and landmarks; instead it refers to the area "within five miles of the plant." ' Local residents may not know how many ' miles they are from the plant.
Protective action. areas should. be described in terms of familiar landmarks and a
l boundaries such as roads, rivers, and towns.
Also, the message.was internally inconsistent in that the taped part referred to a five mile radius, which would include part of the town of Stamford, whereas Stamford was excluded by the supplementary part l
of the message drafted by the PNO. Lastly, the tape advises residents to tune to their local EBS station, but does not include the names and frequencies of any local EBS 1
I stations. This information should be included since area residents may not be aware of which s'tations carry EBS messages.
j Similar problems were identified in the other protective action instruction l
messages. At.one point, the Health Services Coordinator recommended evacuation of Readsboroughland Whitingham to 4 miles and shelter from 4 to 10 miles.
It is problematwal to convey this recommendation using the taped messages, since (a) the tapes specify either' sheltering or evacuation, and do not readily accommodate a combination of the two, and (b) the taped messages include specific radil - five miles in i
the ' shelter' tape and two miles in the ' evacuation' tape - which do not correspond to the i
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42 Varmont State EOC 4
4 and 10 mile limits recommended by the Health Services Coordinator. In other words, there was no way to clearly convey the Health Services Coordinator's recommendation
' 'l with the tapes on hand.
In addition, important information was missing from the evacuation messages. The messages should have spelled out which roads to take, in what direction, the location of reception centers, and (if relevant)~ which schools were being evacuated and where the students were being taken.
The system for generating NWS and EBS messages needs to be reviewed. The current system does not result in complete messages, and is not sufficiently flexible to accommodate all possible protective action recommendations. Also, it does not result in a complete hard copy for transmission to the Joint Information Center. Prescrf red messages which allow for the insertion of both the proper protective kotion recommendations (shelter and/or evacuation) and the identification of the boundaries of the protective action areas by familiar geographical information, such.as roads, rivers, lakes, town boundaries, etc. need to be developed.
Protective action decisions for the State of Vermont were made by the Health Services Coordinator as per the plan. While the decisions reached were appropriate to the situation, it should be noted that Vermont did not perform an independent analysis of the exposure risk.
Protective action decisions were based on information and recommendations provided to the Health Services Coordinator by Massachusetts.and by the licensee and the Vermont representative at the EOF.
No independent dose projections were performed at the EOC. This is contrary to the plan, which indicates that calculations will be performed using data provided by the licensee. In addition, the data provided by the field teams was of marginal utility. Two field teams were directed from the EOC by the Field Team Coordinator. The Vermont plan calls for the field monitoring teams to confirm the boundaries of the plume by taking readings along the edge, defined as where ambient readings are twice normal background. This policy is designed to provide useful information while minimizing the hazard posed to the monitoring personnel. Placement of of the teams was so conservative, however, that no readings above background were ever found. Neither team was directed to locations closer than two miles from the plume. One team was also directed to take air samples, which was essentially useless given that ambient readings were background at that location.
Two factors contributing to the problems with field team direction were the weak and cumbersome communication system and the inappropriate maps used.
Radio communications with the field monitoring teams were minimally adequate. Because of the varied terrain, transmission quality was sometimes poor, and the transmission would sometimes be delayed while the problem was corrected either by having the team move to a higher location or by switching to a different repeater.
Also, in order to communicate with the field teams, the Field Team Director had to go from the Health Department room, through the operations room, and into the communications room to use the radio equipment. Then the information provided by the team had to be brought back to the Health Department room for plotting.
A more direct system for communicating with the field teams is recommended. And as previously mentioned, better maps are needed for monitoring team direction. Both the Field Team Coordinator I
and the teams used conventional Vermont State road maps, which do not contain a l
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sufficient level of detail to allow for accurate placement of teams. Vermont should
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T develop detailed plume exposure EPZ maps designed for radiological monitoring, with a
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checkpoint or grid syste'm to facilitate team placement and reporting.
A media briefing room was set up at the EOC, with seating for about 30 - 50 reporters, and equipped with display maps and plant diagrams. Telephones for press use were available in nearby offices.
However, no briefings were actually given there.
. Interaction with the media was demonstrated by providing information updates to Vermont's spokesperson at the JIC. The PNO called the spokesperson after each EBS notification to inform him of the EBS message contsnt. As with the public notification system, this was adequate to provide the bare essentials, but did not provide complete information to the spokesperson.
As a result, no releases were produced by the spokesperson (see Media Center evaluation, Sec. 4.2). Three measures are suggested to improve the flow of information. First, additional staffing of this function is needed at the EOC. The PNO was overloaded; even with an assistant, it was difficult to attend to the EBS broadcasts and maintain contact with'the spokesperson at the same time.
Second, hard copy transmission could be used to send the copies of the EBS messages and also for press releases from the Governor and other officials and agencies. The EOC had a fax machine, but it appeared to be tied up with Health Department traffic most of the time; a second machine may be necessary to accommodate other users.
Third, a procedure should be set up at the EOC for regularly collecting information at the EOC to forward to the JIC. For example, statements from the Governor, reports on what the field monitoring teams are finding, the activities of the State Police, Red Cross, and so on. It is realistic to expect that there wcald be great demand for this information at the n
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Media Center.
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Permanent record dosimeters have not been distributed to local emergency
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workers. This repeats an area for corrective action noted in the previous exercise.
DEFICIENCIES 1.
==
Description:==
Procedural problems resulted in a deficiency in communications with the licensee. The licensee gave notice of EAL changes to the State representative at the EOF, rather than l
using the primary system (Nuclear Alert) to communicate directly with the EOC. This method was followed on three occasions - on escalation to Site Area Emergency, on escalation to General Emergency, and on de-escalation back to Site Area Emergency -
despite immediate objections from the Vermont State Director.
The result was significant delays in receipt of this crucial information (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.1).
Recommendation:
The State and the licensee must agree and cooperate on use of a primary notification system.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIOM 1.'
==
Description:==
The direction and positioning of the Vermont field l
)
teams did not produce useful data. Vermont procedures indicate i,J
l
{
l y
~
1 s
i that the teams should be directed to confirm the plume's location s
- by seeking its edge, and. then withdraw to minimize their 1
exposure. However, neither team was directed to a location closer l
than two miles from the plume. Both the teams and the team director at the EOC were using ordinary state highway maps, which did not have sufficient detail to allow for precise direction of the teams (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.I.8, I.11, J.10.a).
l Recommendation: Vermont should develop detailed radiological i
monitoring maps with a reference checkpoint system. Procedures for direction and control of field monitoring teama should be reviewed and revised as necessary to assure that field monitoring teams are properly positioned.
2.
==
Description:==
The system for generating NWS and EBS messages needs to be ' reviewed.
The current system does not result in complete
- messages, and is not sufficiently flexible to accommodate all possible protective action recommendations.
Also, it does not result in a complete hard copy for transmission to the Joint Information Center (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.6, E.7).
Recommendation:
Prescripted messages which allow for the insertion of both the proper protective action recommendations (shelter and/or evacuation) and the identification of the boundaries of the protective action areas by familiar. geographical information, such as roads, rivers, lakes, town boundaries, etc.
need to be developed.
3.
==
Description:==
No independent dose projections were performed at i
f the EOC, contrary to the plan, which indicates that such calculations can be performed using data provided by the licensee (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.I.10).
Recommendation:
Vermont should perform its own dose projections, or else state in the plan that it will rely on dose projections from the utility.
4.
Description Information provided to the spokespersons at the Media Center was incomplete, contributing to the fact that no press releases were issued by Vermont (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.
I G.4.a).
Recommendation: Three measures are suggested to improve the flow of information. First, additional staffing of this function is i
needed at the EOC.
The PNO was overloaded; even with an assistant, it was difficult to attend to the EBS broadcasts and
]
maintain contact with the spokesperson at the same time. Second, hard copy transmission should be used to send the copies of the j
l EBS messages and also for press releases from the Governor and other officials and agencies. Third, a procedure should be set up at the EOC for regularly collecting information at the EOC to j
forward to the JIC. For example, statements from the Governor,
(
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H
- 7 45 Vermont State:EOC
.;(
w reports on. what the fleid monitoring teams Lare firiding, the "77 activities of the State Police,^ Red Cross, and so on. It is realistic
, [y/j to expect that there would be great demand for this information at:
(the Media Center.
/
5.
Description:
Permanent ~ record. dosimeters have not. been distributed to local emergency workers. This repeats an area for corrective action noted in the previous ' exercise (FEMA-R'EP-1, j
- Rev.1, II.K.3.a).
'j Recommendation:
Supply permanent record ' devices to local.
EOC's.
i 6.
==
Description:==
' : The: Site Area Emergency declaration was not disseminated to all Vermont local EOC's in a timely manner. The ~
~
' Town of Stamford did not receive official notification until 11:55 and 7Whitingham did not receive it until.11:43 (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.1)..
Recommendation:. Review 'and revise procedures if necessary and j
- conduct necessary training to ensure prompt notification to local officials of all Emergency Classification levels.
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' AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT p.
1.
Description:
The system used for plotting the plume location for
.t C
EOC display was ineffective.
. Recommendation:' A simpler and better system would be to use 1
l erasable marker pens to draw in the plume and_other information '
]
. (e.g.,. wind direction, protective action areas, etc.) on a plastic
]
sheet put over the map.
1 1
2.-
==
Description:==
Communication between fielti teams and the Field Team Coordinator was cumbersome and not always timely.
4 Recommendation: A more efficient comm.mications setup should.
j be developed, l
3.
==
Description:==
A hard copy transmission device (fax machine) was i
available and was used primarily to receive plume projections and other data from the licensee. While this was useful information, it tended to exclude other necessary uses of the machirle, such as exchanges of PARS and press releases with the Media Center.
There was no hard copy traffic to the Media Center.
)
Recommendation:
Time on the panafax machine should be scheduled to allow for multiple uses, or else a second unit should
~
be obtained.
4 Descriptions. The Human Services and Red Cross representatives are not contacted until the Site Area Emergency level, which might cause delay in activating reception centers if they are l
i i
46-Vermont State EOC
~
needed' shortly following the Site Area declaration (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.2).
Recommendation: These organizations should be contacted sooner, or else another EOC staff person should be designated to act on
^-
their behalf prior to their arrival.
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'l 47 Varmont IFO 3.1.2. Vermont Incident Field Office (IFO)
/
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JG The IFO is located at the District #2 Garage' of the Highway Department in b, a Brattleboro. Health Department staff and radiological control equipment and supplies are located in the basetnent, while tables for other IFO staff are located in a U-shaped -
' room on the second floor. There is an intercom system for communication between the o
two locations which was used during this exercise. Most of the agency tables are located in relatively long, narrow, partitioned spaces, from which the status boards and various maps are not readily visible. Therefore, when the IFO is fully staffed, the director l
1 should give frequent briefings.
Most communications were between the IFO and the State EOC or between the IFO and 'the locations of the staff's agencies.
For both, the primary mode of com'munication is dedicated telephone lines. Most other locations must be reached either by commercial telephone or indirectly via the State EOC.
Notification of the Alert was received at 10:02 a.m. and within minutes the District #2 Highway Department staff activated the IFO. The IFO director called District #1 to send a representative to the IFO to direct deployment of Highway Department personnel and equipment because the plume exposure EPZ is located mainly within the boundaries of District # 1.
Responsibility for notification of other IFO agencies rests with the State EOC. Staffing of the IFO was slow. The District #1 representative arrived at 11:30 a.m.; the Windham County Sheriff arrived at 11:30 a.m.
after the IFO director notified him; a communications specialist from the Public Safety
[
Department arrived at 10:52 a.m.; two State Police officers arrived at 12:50 p.m.; and
\\
the National Guard was simulated to have arrived at 11:50 a.m.
The only agency to dispatch staff promptly to the IFO was the Health Department, whose representatives arrived at 10:20 a.m.
'l Although there were messages from the State EOC simulating activation of a relocation center at Bennington and dispatch of buses to pick up evacuees, activation of a relocation center was not an objective of the exercise. Apparently for this reason, the following Relocation Services agencies were not represented at the IFO: Emergency Medical Services, Social Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Services, Civil Defense, Red Cross, C.A.P., and the Town of Brattleboro.
The IFO was directed by the District #2 Highway Transportation Administrator.
His direction was generally effective. Because the IFO was only partly staffed, most of those present sat at the table with the communication telephones. Thus, they were quickly informed of developments and there was no need for briefings or elaborate message handling procedures. However there were lapses in communication with the Health Department operation down stairs. As in the previous exercise, the Director was not notified when the field monitoring teams were dispatched. Also, there were delays in receiving status messages from the Highway Department desk at the State EOC and the notification of Site Area Emergency was never received from that source.
Aside from the Health Department activities in dispatching fleid monitoring n
teams andi distributing dosimetry, most of the activities at the IFO were concerned with evacuation and access control. The State Plan calls for the Highway Department to
( ]l N.
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48 Varmont IFO' I
l
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initially set up and man traffic control points and road blocks and to be relieved by-the Sheriff's police and/or State Police.
These three agencies did an excellent job of demonstrating the ability to choose appropriate locations for traffic control points and road blocks and in coordinating their activities.
.(
District #1 has adequate equipment and personnel to keep the roads clear. It has -
14 dump trucks,11 of which have dosimetry on board, and 7 pickup trucks. The Windham County Sheriff was able to alert 34 officers. In view of the few number of roads and intersections in the EPZ in Vermont, there appears to be adequate manpower and equipment to provide evacuation and access control.
There was a large supply of KI at the IFO,11,200 doses, and 700 doses in the field. This supply is more than adeqdate for both emergency workers and the general population in the EPZ. The Health Department at the IFO also had a number of chargers, several survey meters, and a supply of record cards and low-range,0-200 mR dosimeters and mid-range, 0-20 R dosimeters. There were only one or two film badges there, however.
Sheriff's police entering the EPZ as well as field monitors receive their dosimetry at the IFO. As there were approximately 20 of each type of dosimeter at the IFO, the supply was marginally adequate for these two types of emergency workers. The Sheriff's Department and Highway Department personnel at the IFO had a rudimentary knowledge of radiological exposure control requirements and they indicated that field workers had an equivalent knowledge and were aware of the need for their persons and vehicles to be checked for contamination at the IFO or the reception center.
The IFO had no media relations functions. The staff was aware that media representatives that might arrive at the IFO should be referred to the Media Center.
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION 1.
==
Description:==
The IFO Director was not informed of the dispatch of j
field monitoring teams (FEM A-REP-1, Rev.1, II.A.1.b, A.1.d).
Recommendation:
The various agencies using the IFO should coordinate closely with each other.
4 2.
==
Description:==
Notification of EAL's was late or missing (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.1).
Recommendation: This was due at least in part to breakdowns in communication between the State and utility. However, training or procedure changes at the State EOC may be needed in order to expedite relay of key developments to the IFO.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT None.
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0
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49
'Varmont Field Monitoring Teams-
- l
.s 3.1.3 Vermont Field Monitoring Teams l
j i
' The' Vermont field ruonitoring teams _ were mobilized from a pre-positioned
_ location in.Brattleboro, rather than from their normal work stations in Montpeller. They received an activation call from the State EOC at the Alert EAL, and arrived at the IFO at about 10:15 a.m. The. teams packed their equipment for rapid deployment but did not perform an extensive equipment check. Most of the equipment had been brought from
- Montpeller but some was from foot lockers stored at the IFO. One team was promptly 1
dispatched at 20:45 a.m. and arrived at their _ first assignment in -Wilmington at i
11:28 a.m.
The other team was apparently concerned about the operability of their vehicle and did 'not deploy until almost 1:00 p.m. The Plan should provide for Back-up l
transportation.
Field team equipment was generally adequate. One team's vehicle was not suited to carrying equipment or negotiating the hilly local terrain, especially during winter conditions.. The other team's vehicle was large and well suited to the task. Each team had a low range (0-50 mR per hour) GM survey meter, including an end window counter, and a sodlum lodide scintillation counter with a Ludlum 2220 scaler ratemeter (in counts I
per minute). Neither team had a high range monitoring Instrument. One team had two sets of air sampling equipment, and the other had none.' Both sets were loaded into the larger vehicle for transportation from Montpelier, and then were not reallocated at the IFO. The teams should carefully check the content of their kits immediately before i_
deployment in order to avoid this kin'd of problem. Apart from one Civil Defense survey meter, all equipment had been recently checked for calibration. Each team also had a supply of sampling equipment for ingestion pathway sampling. In order to facilitate I
movement through the plume exposure EPZ, it would be helpful if the vehicles were equipped with compasses. The teams should also be supplied with detailed maps of the.
EPZ, with preselected. monitoring locations, to facilitate direction from the EOC. The
'I State road maps used during the exercise did not have sufficient detail.
Both teams demonstrated adequate monitoring procedures. Team members were capable and showed evidence of recent training. A procedure for measuring radiolodines was demonstrated by the_ team which had the air sampling equipment. They did not use a separate filter for particulate and so activity from radiolodines was not distinguished
- from that due to particulate. A separate particulate filter should be used when taking samples for radiolodines.
1 Communications with both teams were often slowed because radio cortact was not direct to the Field Team Coordinator but with a radio operator in another room at the EOC; see the Vermont EOC evaluation in section 3.1.1 above. Radio contact with one of the teams was erratic throughout the exercise.
?
Dosimetry equipment and procedures were
- adequate, although some n
improvements should be made. Some, but not all of the team members had permanent record dosimeters. Both teams were aware of the circumstances under which to take KI,
{
but one team did not h4w KI in their kit and would have had to return to the IFO to j
obtain'it., Also, one team was not aware of their authorized exposure limit.
L T
__=-
}
50 Vermont Field Monitoring Tatms DEFICIENCIES
,a None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION 1.
==
Description:==
One of the monitoring team vehicles was not reliable, resulting in a delay of team deployment. The vehicle was not suited to carrying team equipment or negotiating the hilly local terrain, especlally in winter (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.I.8).
Recommendation: A reliable and more suitable vehicle should be used.
2.-
==
Description:==
One team had two sets of air sampling equipment, while the other had none (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.H.11, I.8, I.9).
Recommendations It is good practice to carefully check the contents of the kits immediately before deployment, to avoid this kind of problem.
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT l
1.
==
Description:==
Each team should have a high range survey meter.
Recommendation: Add this item to team kits.
2.
==
Description:==
The team demonstrating radiolodine measurement did k
not use a separate filter for particulate. As a result, activity from radiolodines would not have been distinguished from that due to particulate.
Recommendation: A separate particulate Jer should be used when taking samples for radiolodine.
3.
==
Description:==
Radio contact with one of the teams was erratic throughout the exercise because of the terrain.
Recommendation:
Improve transmission capability through upgrade or addition of equipment.
4.
==
Description:==
Not all team members had permanent record dosimeters.
Recommendation: All members of field monitoring teams should have proper dosimetry, including a permanent record device.
ei
_ ___________ - ___ a
w 51 Halifax 4
3.3' EOCAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS
- n t 3.2.1 Halifax
^
The Halifax EOC is located in the meeting room of tne Halifax Fire Station. The
'EOC was adequate in terms ~ of space, furnishings and equipment to sdpport emergency Loperations.
Back-up power _is available from. a' portable generator which isj tested periodically by_ the Fire Department. The EOC had a status board which was kept up to z date on exercise events and all required maps were on display.
Initial notification 'of the Alert EAL was broadcast over the Tri-State Mutual Aid Fire-Radio' system at 9:48 a.m., and was verified immediately by the Halifax Emergency.
Director using a tw'o-way radio at the fire station. Notice through the Rockinghain State Police office was ' received ~a few minutes later. This activation system can be
' initiated at any time. Four of the EOC staff have extensions of the fire phone in.their '
y homes,' and the' Fire Chief and seven other firemen have pagers that can be activated through the same system. To show 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> staffing capability, a' double shift roster was.
1
-. posted in the EOC.
3 The EOC was managed effectively by the Fire Chief. All messages were logged.
~and confirmed as they came In and the staff were kept up to date on exercise.
conditions. Although public alerting and protective actions were not objectives for the-local communities for this exercise, there was some discussion of measures that would be 1
taken at_ each stage of a real emergency. Public alerting would be locally reinforced by
.~}
route alerting using Fire Department vehicles. ' Appropriate resources 'are available for.
<]
. j evacuation traffic 'and access control, according.to EOC staff. The EOC staff were 1
~
aware of the locations of the two mobility-impaired individuals ln the town.
Several communications systems were available to the EOC staff.
Official notifications of EALs were received over the Tri-State fire system and were verified over two-way fire frequency radio. Communications were also conducted over a direct i
line phone to the Rockingham State Police office, and via radiotelephone to the State 1
EOC. A NOAA weather radio was used to monitor EBS. ' A commercial telephone was
-available as backup.
Mid-and high-range direct read dosimeters were available at the EOC, and EOC staff demonstrated proper procedures for zeroing and reading them.
DEFICIENCIES f'
None.
O AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT None.
(
J
52 Rudsborough' 3.2.2 Readsborough~
The Readsborough EOC was set up in the meeting room of the fire station and was adequa.te to support emergency operations. A status board and an EPZ map were
]
displayed and were kept up to date. Maps depicting evacuation routes, traffic control i
points, relocation centers, and plume exposure EPZ town populations were available.
Back-up power was available but not demonstrated. The facility could support extended operations if necessary.
Activation and staffing of the EOC was weak. The Vermont State Police notified the town of the " Alert" EAL at 9:48 a.m., but this message was not relayed to the current CD Director.
However, the former CD Director was present but took no action.
The Director arrived about an hour later and initiated staff activation.
Representatives of Civil Defense, Fire Department, and Medical Services participated, comprising a minimal first shif t. None of the town Selectmen participated.
Emergency operations management was satisfactory, although it was not thoroughly challenged due to the low level of participation. The CD Director was clearly l
in charge, and involved the staff as appropriate in decision making. Local resources were demonstrated for supplementing the State public notification system - the town siren was sounded, and one route alerting loop was run. The local school was contacted to review evacuation procedures. The principal was unavailable, however, and the secretary that answered the telephone was not familiar with any emergency evacuation plans.
Communications were generally adequate.
Communication was conducted mainly with th.e State, either through the State Police area office or directly with the State EOC via CD radio. Radio transmissions were sometimes noisy and difficult to understand but overall, communication was adequate for this exercise.
Dosimetry equipment was available at the EOC, including low, mid-and high-range dosimeters, but no permanent record devices. Dosimetry equipment was displayed and checked out but was not actually issued to personnel.
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION
{
l 1.
==
Description:==
Activation procedures broke down when the Alert EAL message was not relayed to the current CD Director I
(FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.E.2, F.1.e),
f Recommendations: Readsborough should demonstrate the ability
)
to implement its activation procedures at the next exercise.
2.
Desc 'ption:
None of the town Selectmen participated in the j
, exercise (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, !!. A.1.b, E.2).
)
Recommendation:
Since Selectmen are the town's officials responsible for making decisions concerning public safety in an emergency, at least one of them should participate In every exercise.
l
4;
<.,.3 53' Readsborough!
Vg~
3.
==
Description:==
- The ' local school could not respond concerning.
i I'I'[h -
evacuation procedures (FEM A-REP-1, Rev.-1, II.J.10.d).
Recotamendation: School emergency response procedures should be displayed or readily available so that appropriate actions could' be implemented by available school personnel even if the principal' is not present.
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54 Staford 3.0.3 Stamford The Stamford EOC was located in a partially completed addition to the Fire House. The town was in the process of finishing the interior. The facility was adequate
)
in terms of space, lighting, furnishings and equipment. Appropriate maps and displays were available, but generally were not posted. One' key map (of the plume exposure EPZ with sectors) was posted, and a status board was on display, but was not kept up to date.
The primary staff notification system is the " fire phone" which is a dedicated phone circuit activated by the Rockingham State Police office. The Fire Chief, school
' principal, and othee town officials can be contacted immediately using this system. The system worked well. Only the Chairman of the Selectmen actually participated fully in the exercise, and the Fire Chief was present part of the time. Othef staff were available on call, but the Selectman felt it was inappropriate to involve them in the exercise.
Emergency response management was adequate, although not thoroughly tested due to the low level of activity. The town's CD Director had resigned shortly before the exercise and a replacement had not yet been found for managing emergency response.
Message traffic from the State was monitored and acknowledged. Sounding of the town siren was simulated at the appropriate time. There was some discussion of measures that j
would be taken in case an evacuation became necessary; there was a listing of mobility-impaired individuals, and a call was placed to the school principal regarding school evacuation procedures. The principal was unsure, however, whether he had the authority
, l to evacuate the school.
A copy of the town plan was available in the EOC. However, it should be noted that the plan has not been significantly updated since 1980 and is missing important items, such as the location of the alternate EOC and arrangements for EBS messages.
The town's communication equipment worked well. In addition to the fire phone, there is a radiotelephone link to the State Police and a mutual aid fire department frequency radio, along with commercial telephones. Transmission quality on the State Police radio was good, which corrects ~ a previously identifled area for corrective action.
The telephone number for verification call-backs to Rockingham had been updated, which cleared another previous area for corrective action.
Despite these improvements, however, some information was not obtained in a prompt fashion. Stamford was not notified of the Site Area Emergency until 11:55 a.m., well over an hour after it had been declared. Also, the EBS broadcast at 11:15 a.m. was missed due to the fact that a NOAA receiver was not stationed at the EOC.
Procedures and equipment for exposure control were adequately demonstrated.
The town has more than enough direct-read dosimeters, both mid-range (0-20 R) and high-range (0-200 R), along with low-and high-range survey meters. Proper procedures for dosimeter use were demonstrated by the Fire Chief.
DEFICIENCIES No'ne.
O(
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'55 Stamford AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION
\\
- 1. - Descriptions. The Chairman of the Selectmen was the only person i
who participated fully in the exercise (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II. A.1.a, A.2.a, A.4).
Recommendation:
Full participation should be ' demonstrated at the next' exercise.
l 2.
==
Description:==
.The town plan has not been significantly updated since' 1980: and is missing important items such as a designated I
alternate EOC, and arrangements for EBS messages (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.P.4).
l J
Recommendation: Update and complete the plan.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
EBS broadcasts could not be monitored since the EOC was not equipped with an NOAA receiver (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.F.1.b, H.3).
Recommendation: Obtain an NOAA tone-alert receiver.
4 D
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56 Whitinghb j
3.2.4 Whitingham
'Phe Whitingham EOC is located in the Jacksonville Fire Station. The facility was excellent and had sufficient space, furniture, lighting, telephones and other equipment to support emergency operations. It also had bunks, kitchen and showers to support extended operations. A back-up power source (portable generator) was available at the site, although it was not demonstrated for the exercise. Several status boards were used to display key information such as EALs, protective action recommendations j
and emergency telephone numbers. Map displays were very complete and included the plume EPZ, evacuation routes, relocation centers, access control points, radiological monitoring points, and population by sector.
I Activation and staffing of the facility was prompt. The Emergency Director received notification of the Unusual Event over the fire phone located in the fire station, i
and immediately activated the EOC. EOC staff were contacted by telepho'ne using a
{
written call list and arrived promptly, with the exception of the Public Information j
Officer who could not be reached.
In his absence the Director assumed public
)
Information duties. Organizations or staff positions represented at the EOC included the Board of Selectmen, Civil Defense, Fire Department, Police, Health Department, Transportation, RADEF, Communication, and Supply.
This was a commendable i
demonstration of staffing for a local community.
The ability to make decisions and coordinate emergency response activities was clearly. demonstrated.
In accordance with the plan, the Emergency Director was
, j responsible for coordinating the town response. He managed the emergency operations effectively. Periodic briefings were held to update the staff on the situation. Each staff member's expertise was drawn upon for decision making.
A copy of the plan was 1
available and was frequently referred to. A message log was kept by the communications 3
officer.
A variety of communication equipment was demonstrated during the exercise.
Two way rad!o was used to communicate with the State EOC and other local EOCs. Tha fire phone system was activated from the Rockingham State Police office for primary notifications. Most other communications were conducted by telephone. No problems were experienced with any of the systems used. There was a procedural breakdown, however, in communication with the State. A radio message from the State EOC was I
received at 11:13 a.m. which implied that a Site Area Emergency had been declared. The j
official notification had not been received from Rockingham, however.
The communications officer noticed the discrepar.cy and called the State EOC for clarification. At 11:43 a.m., the State Police office belatedly notified Whitingham of the l
new EAL.
The Communications Officer displayed good initiative in resolving the discrepancy in received messages.
Public alerting and protective action were not &mgnated as objectives for the Vermont local communities for this exercise, and so plr j of these functions was limited to discussions within the EOC.
A good grasp of the necessary activities was
{
demonstrated, however. Calls were simulated to local schools as a supplement to the l
public aleiting process. Availability of resources to evacuate the public was discussed.
l According to EOC staff, appropriate resources are available to cover all local traffic l
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,i 57 Whitinghem control responsibilities, and special vehicles such as wreckers, snow plows and four wheel drive vehicles can be dispatched to keep evacuation routes clear if necessary.. A list of
/j
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mobility-impaired individuals is maintained, accompanied by a listing of transportation and personnel availabl'e to assist them. The Health Officer also had a list of dairy farms and water supply intake points for implementation of ingestion pathway protective actions.
The RADEF officer demonstrated the ability to control emergency worker exposure, including use of survey meters and familiarity with policy regarding KI, dose authorization and decontamination.
DEFICIENCIES f
None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT None.
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58 Wilmington 3.2.5 Wilmington The Wilmington EOC is located in the town police / fire station. The EOC had adequate facilities, resources, and equipment to support emergency response operations. All appropriate maps, charts, and displays were clearly visible. The status board was carefully maintained and updated, and the plume was plotted on an EPZ map.
i The EOC cannot support extended operations, but operations could be shifted to the fire house or to the Dover Police Station (which is the designated alternate EOC) If necessary. A portable generator was available as a backup power source.
Demonstration of staff activation was limited by the availability of volunteer staff on a work day. The Civil Defense Director, who is also the town Chief of Police, was pre-positioned at the EOC prior to notification of the Unusual Event. Upon the Alert notification, the Director activated the EOC, calling the Fire Chief, RADEF Officer, Health Officer, and Highway Transportation Officer, School Superintendent and Selectmen. However, only the Fire Chief, a Communication Officer and the RADEF Officer actually reported in; the balance of the staff remained on standby throughout the exercise. They were briefed at each EAL by the Director'by telephone. The fire phone worked well as the primary notification system.
Emergency operations management was capably demonstrated by.the Civil Defense Director. The emergency response staff was included as appropriate in the decision making process. Although there was no play of public alerting or protective actions, the Director and staff monitored emergency communications and simulated support measares such as traffic control on eva' uation routes.
A message log was c
maintained by the Communications Officer. When Whitingham evacuation traffic was routed through Wilmington, the Director simulated establishing three traffic control points with local police and fire personnel, and telephoned the State Police, Sheriff's Office and Department of Transportation to request assistance. There was also some discussion of measures to be taken in case evacuation became necessary, such as q
arrangements for mobility-impaired individuals and school children. The new Wilmington town plan and Vermont State Plan were available for reference.
)
i Communications during the exercise were excellent.
Messages from the Rockingham State Police office and the State EOC in Waterbury were clear and distinct, which corrects an earlier area for corrective action.
)
The EOC was adequately supplied with dosimetry equipment. There were 13 dosimetry kits, each consisting of a mid-range (0-20 R) and high-range (0-200 R) direct-read dosimeter, instruction sheet, exposure record card and pencil. Also on hand were two survey meters, one gelger counter, and a supply of KI. The RADEF officer was familiar with dose control r.nd decontamination procedures and in general was exceptionally well quallfled and knowledgeable with respect to exposure control.
DEFICIENCIES None.
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59 wiimington
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L AREA.9 REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION l
None. --
-l AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT.
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- None.
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60 Em:mrgancy 0parations Facility 4 EXERCISE EVALUATIONS - MUTUAL FACILITIES 4.1. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS FACILITY The new. EOF is located in a N.E. Power building in Buckland, Massachusetts.
State and utility personnel had adequate space in which to work, and communication among the EOF staff occurred more smoothly than at the previous facility. Both States were well equipped with primary and secondary communications. The minor equipment problems that occurred with State and utility communications were quickly fixed by utility-provided repairmen; Massachusetts and Vermont had to share one " red phone" to i
the utility, potentially a communications bottleneck. A separate extension for each State would avoid any possible difficulties.
i The Massachusetts staff were pre-positioned and arrived at the EOF at about 9:25 a.m.
They were well trained, knowledgeable, and demonstrated a high level of profielency in the execution of their duties, including dose projections, protective action recommendations, and direction of field teams. Positioning of the field teams was done in an intelligent manner based on plant status, projected plume conditions and weather forecasts. Anticipatory evacuation of the town of Monroe was recommended based on projected plume conditions and the forecast of a change in wind direction. Sheltering was recommended for Florida and parts of North Adams and Clarksburg based upon plume and wind conditions, after due consideration of the alternative dose projections for sheltering versus. evacuation.
Recommendations of KI was considered and rejected because of the very small quantity of radiolodine in the release. Similarly, the necessity for removing dairy animals from pasture was considered and rejected due to the small amount of radiolodine and the minute deposition of radionuclides.
The Vermont staff arrived at about 10:25 a.m.
They were well trained and capable. There was no agreement between Vermont and the utility as to whether the Vermont representatives at the EOF were authorized to receive EAL notifications, make decisions, or speak on behalf of the State. Unacceptable delays in notifying Vermont resulted. (See evaluation of Vermont State EOC in Section 3.1.1 above.)
DEFICIENCIES None.
AREAS REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION None.
AREAS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVEMENT 1.
==
Description:==
Musuchusetts and Vermont had to share one " red phone" to the utility, potentially a communications bottleneck.
' Recommendation:
A separate extension for each State would avoid any possible difficulties.
O i
4 61 Media Center 1
~ 4.2 MEDIA CENTER -
The facilities at the Media Center generally were adequate, however, areas for l
. improvement were identified. The PIOS clearly had good conditions in which to work and the necessary equipment to support them. There was a. major improvement in the
.. quantity and quality of charts and displays used during briefings. An improved status l
' board was not lef t on permanent. display in the media area which could have~ been consulted by incoming medla representatives r aween briefings. This was an omission j
noted in the last exercise, nor were there supplies or typewriters provided for reporters, or emergency back-up power.
Competent spokesmen and support staff from Yankee Rowe, Massachusetts Civil Defense, and Vermont Emergency Management were mobilized in a timely fashion. They can be notified on a 24-hour basis via pagers and have designated back-up staff to serve 1
in 12-hour shifts. For the first time, Yankee support staff demonstrated a partial shift change.
The second shift staff were briefed and gradually took over responsibility toward the end of the exercise.
Communications resources at the Media Center generally were very good. The State P!Os had access to two telephone lines and back-up radio equipment, in addition to
~i.
. access to a telecopier. The importance of secondary communications was demonstrated when the Vermont P!O was unable to initiate contact with his State EOC through busy telephone lines and finally made contact through use of his car. radio. The utility had
. access to. multiple. phone lines, including a ring down line to the ' EOF, and also had back-up radio equipment. The telecopier did not function well at the start of the exercise, apparently due to an over-used phone line. Serious consideration should be j
given to providing a separate dedicated line for telecopter use at the Media Center to insure timely coordination.of hard copy news releases and other public information releases.
Three telephone lines were provided for reporters, which would be insufficient l
for an actual emergency.
The information flow generally was smooth, thorough, and accurate.
Comprehensive media kits were available containing background information as well as current Issues of the public emergency information brochures.
The PIOS conferred frequently to share information and to coordinate briefings and announcements to the j
media. There were five formal media briefings and six update announcements during the course of the exercise. For the most part, these briefings / announcements were thorough, comprehensive, and accurate. There was an improvement in the use of charts and displays over past exercises. The MCDA spokesman brought his own radio to monitor broadcasts and, while this was a commendable action, such a radio and/or TV should be permanently available at the Media Center.
l There was active coordination with the rumor control telephone number at the l
Massachusetts EOC. Rumors called into the Media Center were forwarded appropriately J
to State or utility rumor control numbers. Four role-playing reporters supplied by the utility supplemented the actions of three actual reporters in asking informed and j
)
challenging questions of the various PIOS.
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i 42 Media Center : J,
While hard copy news releases were issued in a timely fashion by the utility, p extra copies were not available for the,med!a, and only some of the releases were' posted for display. Moreover, only one news release was' issued by Massachusetts and none by Vermont. Only two Massachusetts EBS message copies were posted. Hard copyJews
~
releases and/or EBS messages which pertain to protective actions should be avaihblMor distribution at the Media Center.
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A significant problem arose when a technical expert, providing !tt.' o[nerwise i
excellent background presentation on radiation, issued false information ~
the l
on conditions of the plant.- In a question and answer session with reporters, he indicated that there was an off-site relectse of radiation when, in fact, the first release had not occurred at that point and was not announced until the General Emergency almost an
, p3 Moreover he speculated on..the drift of the rad % tion given the windy f' /
hour later.
conditions. While he did say that the amount of radiation did not warrant proteethe s,
l measures, his unauthorized issuance of inaccurate information about a subject beyo'nd his h/
responsibility could have caused precipitous actions by the public and hindered the actions and decision making of the appropria'te off-site authorities.
DEFICIENCIES s
1.
Description A utility-provided technical expert indicated that there had been an off-site release of radiationdwhen in fact the
',1 J
h first releasa had not yet occubed and would not be announced until v'
the General Emergency, almost an hour later. ilhile he did say that I
the amount of radiation did not warrant protective measures, his unauthorized issuance of inaccurate information about a, subject beyond his responsibility could have. caused precipitous actions ify the public and hindered the actions and ' decision making of the appropriate off-site authorities (FEMA-R2P 1, Rev.1, II.G.4.a, G.4.b).
(
5
>c Recommendation: Training sheutd be provided on che division of y
responsibilities among spokespersons and advance coordination of information released.
.o AREA REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTION 1.
==
Description:==
Sufficient hard copy neas releases were not available to the press. The utility regularly gherated news releases, but extra copies were not available, and 'Ay some of them were posted.
Massachusetts issued only one news release and Vermont did not issue any (FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1, II.G.4.a).
Recommendation:
The spokespersons for Massachusetts and Vermont should concentrate on obtaining information regarding their States' response activities and releasing it in hard copy form.
.Both States and the utility should make copies of news releases and
, EBS messages available to the press.
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AREAS REC /b.YMENDED;70R IMPROVEMENT..
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- 1. - Descript'/pm; An.im; roved status board was not left on permanent
. display wheEe it cid.dd be consulted by press between briefings.
'. ? ! i Recommendation:j A; stadus board should be-kept on. display and -
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updated in the media area.
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2.
==
Description:==
The telecopier did not function well at'.the beginning of the exercise, apparently due to an over-used phone line.
a-Recommendation:
Consideratbn'should be' given to providing a
,y (p'j ' s - separate line for the telecopier, to insure timely coordination and
'4 " f distribution of news releases and'other public informationwieases. -
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' 5 SCIIED,ULE FOR CORRECTION OF DEFICIENCIES AND ytEAS
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REQUIRING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
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SectJons 2,3.and 4 of this report list defielencies and areas reqWjng corrective actions with[ recommendations noted by the Federal eva'$ntors of this exog'ctse. Thye.,
+
evaluations ar6 based on the applicable g?snning standards and evaluatioticriteria set 3 forth in - Sec. 3tl of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Revg 1 (November ' 3B ), exerel.y J
objectives, and the evaluation criteria provided in Sec.l.!S of thlOsport.
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The RegihNa1 Director FCg1A is responsib e for certifyipg.tO t TNfA 3
. Associate Director, State and Lotml hograms md Suppcrt, Nashington, D.C.,\\ that; dny 4
deficiencies and. areas iequiring corrective actions noted,in the exercise have been
- corrected and that sucia corrections have bee % incorporated ulto the 'pla d:
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FEMA requests that the State and local jurisdictions submit %ktrieasurd'3 they les and are7s requ blng correctijd have taken or intend to take to correct deficlep'cluding pr9'ecked and actual dates s
actions.. FEMA recommends that a detailed plan,'m completion for implementing corrective actions, he provided if corr 4tive actions cannht
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be instituted immediato1y.
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The definitions of exercise inadequacies ardan follows:
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' Defic!encies are demonstrated and ob. served ine.dequacies that yould 1
cause a finding that off-site emergency preparedness was not ahate J
3 to provide reasonable assurance that appropriate protective rnssures can bo taken to protect the health and safety of the public 1pingjin the j
^ f radiological
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vicinit'/ of a nuclear power facility in the event o
6 emerge tcy.
Because of the potnitial timpact, of deficiencies. on emergencfpreparedness, they are. rlquired to ta promptly corrected through apprQiate remedial actiot$ /ncluding remedal exeral,ses, drills, f
}or other actions.
q 4
Areas Recrfring Corrective Action, are demonstrate'd and observed inadequacies of State an51 local government performance, and'although
, i their correction is required during the next scheduled blennial exercise,
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they are not~ censidekd, by themselvds, to have an adderse impact on 1
public health and safedy. [
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l Four deficiencies we}re identified in this exenise., Tre deficiencies and al requ! 1ng corrective actions identifled in this exercise ar/summ"arized in Table A. A;6as f
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recornmended !cr'laiprojer/er}t are not included in T.able '.i,.
1 l
Table B is a compilation of the ciurent' status of deficiencies and areas requiring
' cirective Actions identified in the,exere!)es of March 25,1982; April 6,1983; August 72,
/
198q and June 11, ~ 1986. Table C lists the status of the 35 FEMA core objectives for these exercises.
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