ML20235X920
| ML20235X920 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000510 |
| Issue date: | 06/09/1987 |
| From: | Tolderlund D U.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY, NEW LONDON, CT |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20235X906 | List: |
| References | |
| 107387, NUDOCS 8707240384 | |
| Download: ML20235X920 (31) | |
Text
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U.S. NUCLEAa KECuLAT03v COMusssl0N NIC F0%M 313 APPACVED SV OMS
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3186 0120 a5.CFR 30' 32,33.34' APPLICATION FOR MATERIAL LICENSE E w wiu 10 aa 40 I
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Smith Hall U. S. Coast Guard Academy 87072403B4 870624 New London, CT 06320 RE01 LIC30 SNM-0463 PDR
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U LT EDWARD L. WILDS, JR.
Comm (203) 444-8637
$UBMIT ITEMS 5 THROUGH 11 ON 84 a 11" PAPER, THE TYPE AND SCOPE OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED 15 DESCRIBED IN THE LICENSE APPLICATION GUIDE, q
S. MADICACTIVE MATERI AL
- a. Eiement and mess numeer, b, enem cei analsw physical form and c, mes mum amov t
- 6. PURPOSEl$l FOR WHICH LICEN$tD MATERIAL WILL BE USED.
a wh6ch will tie possessed al eav o w time.
RAINING A N ER E C
- 8. FACIUTIES AND EQUIPMENT, '-
- 10. RADIATION &AFETY PROGRAM. see attached
- 12. UCENEEE FEES f5en 20 CFM 110ene sorroen 170 $)
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THE APPLICANT AND ANY OFFICIAL EXECUTING THIS CERTIFICATION ON BEHALF OF THE APPUCANT, NAMED IN ITEM 2. CERTIFY THAT THIS APPUCATION IS PREPARED IN CONFORMITY WITH TITLE 10. CODE OF FEDER AL FIEGULATIONS. PARTS 30.32,33,34,35, AND AD AND THAT ALL INFORMATION CONT AINED HEREIN, 11 TRUE AND CORRECT TO THE BEST OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SEUEF WARNING 1B U S C SECTION 1001 ACT OF JUNE 75,1948. 62 STAT. 749 MAKES IT A CRIMIN AL OFFENSE TO MAKE A WILLFULLY F ALSE STATEMENT OR REPflESENTATION TO ANY DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY OF THE UNITED STATES AS TO ANY MATTER WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION,
$1GNATURE-CERTIFvtNG OFF$ER TYPEO/ PRINTED NAME TITLE DATE e
D. S. TOLDERLUND, Ph. D.
Head, Department of Science 9 Jun 87 se votvwvAmv teowowc emia a ANw u PI rf "
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SuoTInsT 0077.1 IUR 13 1987 SUPERISTrENDENT IN9TRUCTION 9077.1 Subj:
Radiological Safety 1.
PURPOSE:
To promulgate regulations and guidelines pertaining to the use of radioisotopes at the Academy and radiation producing devices within the Academic Division.
2.
DISCUSSION, a.
While learning about radiation, radioactive substances and ceneral laboratory techniques, cadets and staf f menbers of the Academic Division may be exposed to ionizing radiation.
In keeping uith our paramount concern for safety, it is necessary that members involved with such programs be knowledgeable of the potential hazards of ionizing radiation and radiation related equipment.
A Radiation l
Safety Of ficer (RS0) shall be designated to accomplish this and to advise all operations in this area.
The seccific duties of the RSO are outlined in enclosure (1).
h.
Although the R90 has overall responsibility for the radiological safety program, all members working with radioactive materials and/or radiation generating devices have specific responsibilities for their own segment of the program includina radiation safety.
Enclosure (2) is provided to assist staf f members in becoming f amiliar with these responsibilities.
3.
ACTION.
All users of radiation devices shall become familiar and comply with the guidelines and policies set for n this instruction.
)
R.
CUER0.M1 Encl:
(1) Duties of Radiation Safety Officer (2) Policies and Procedures for the Use of Radionuclides and Fadiation Producing Devices nist:
List 1 (less outivinn units) l
enclosure p 7per nn77.1 MAP.13 ISBh O
( 3, k.)
V
~
~
Ol' TIES OF RADIATInN SAFETY OFFICER 1.
While it must he understood that safetv is the naramount resnonsiblity of-all nenbers working with radioactive materials and radiation eeneratine i
devices, one member of the Department of Science will be designated as Radiation Safety Officer (RS0).
This duty shall be designated only to a staf f nenhe r having the' knowledee and training needed to measure ionizing radiation and to nake recommendations regarding radiation protection.
It shall be the responsibility of all members working with ionizing radiation to follow the recommendations and instructions drawn up by t he P.Sn, a nd to bring to the notice of the RSO anv defect that may become apparent. The RSO shall report directly to the Head, n partnent of Science.
Specifically e
this staf f member shall:
a.
Establish, promulgate and insure that operational procedures pertaining to radiation safety are carried out so that the radiation exposure of each worker is kept as far below the naximum permissible dose equivalent as possible.
h.
Provide instruction in safety practices as recuired, for all personnel who work with ionizing radiation.
c.
Require a system of personnel monitoring where deemed necessary.
d.
D.eauire the establishment of radiation control areas, including placement of appropriate radiation warning signs and/or devices where deemed necessary.
e.
Provide for annual radiation safety inspections of all operations using radioactive materials and/or radiation generating devices.
f.
Restrict the use of radioactive materials and/or radiaticn generating devices to personnel who demonstrate a knowledge of the materials, equipment and safety procedures required to insure the safety of themselves and workers in the vicinity.
g.
Review and approve the establishment of new operations and/or changes to procedures and modifications to equipment producing ionizing radiation.
h.
Maintain the "RC byproduct material license and NRC special nuclear materials license.
i.
Investigate any case of abnormal radiation exposure to personnel and take remedial action, if necessary.
i j.
Insure compliance with all npolicable Federal, State and local rules and regulations.
P.
Insure that proner security of radioactive materials and radiation producing eouipment is maintained.
j 1.
Meep records of type and amount of radioactive material on hand at the Academy and personnel nonitoring data for those who use or come in
)
contact with radioactive materials.
1 I
7 h
Enclo e (2) to SIP'I"S* n07 7.1 R
.. LICIES AMD PROCE9MRES FOR THE USE OF RADIGISO' OPES AMn PADIATIO" POODUCIG PO DFVICES
'ABLE OF COMTEMTS
~
TOPIC
" AGE I
i General.
.1 Maximun Fernissible Doses for Educational Institutions
.1 Radiation Sources.
.1 j
i
'ah A:
Exenot Cuantities of By-product 'faterial.
.Al Pah R:
Radiation Protection and the Use of Radionuclides.
.91 Tah C:
Radiation Protection and the Use of the X-ray Diffraction and Spectrographic Units.
.C1 Tab n:
Radiation Protection and the'Use of Lasers
.D1 Tah E:
Authorized Users of Licensed Guantities of By-product Mate rials 71 Tab F:
Authorized Onerators of X-ray nif f raction and Spectrographic Units.
.F1 Tab G:
Custodians of Academy Ry-product Materials.
.Cl l
Tab H:
Energency Procedures Pertaining to Accidents Involvine j
the X-ray Diffraction and Spectrographic Units.
.H1 Tab I:
Leak Tests
.11 Tah J:
Padiation Safety Standards - for posting in laboratories
..T 1 Tah R:
Radiation Fmergency procedures
.V 1 Tab L:
Ordering and Receiving Radioactive Materials
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u._______________._
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_ Enclosure (2) to SUF,AST 9077.1 g49 y 3 gg7 s
POLICIES AND DPOCEDURES FOR TFE USE OF RADI0 ISOTOPES AND RADIATION PRODUCING DEVICES 1.
General.
a.
While learning about radiation, radioactive substances, and general laboratory techniques cadets and staff members nay be exposed to 3
j ionizine radiation.
While the individual in charge nAv realize that definite safeguards are required, he may not he certain bow to provide them.
It is the purpose of this enclosure to provide the needed information.
h.
Radiation effects on human heines are o# two general kinds. The first is injury to the body tissues of the irradiated individual (cocatic effect).
The second is injury to the germ plasm of the irradiated person; such injury would not be apparent in the individual hut might become evident in the transmission of hereditary defects to the descendants (genetic effect).
c.
Much is known about the doses of radiation necessary to pr6 duce early or late somatic injury:
the doses in eeneral are. considerable.
For the radiation sources used at the Academy such doses could be received by an individual cnly as a result of gross carelessness or of ignorance of the presence of radiation.
d.
Genetic danage is more subtle, in that it becomes manifest only in future generations. There appears to be no lower level to the amount of radiation which may produce some genetic ef fect, the extent of which may be expected to increase with the dose.
Furthermore, once the dose has been received, there probably is little recovery from its effects.
The individual retains alterations in his genetic material, and his decendants (conceived after irradiation) nav show the results of such change. The individual who inherits genetic mutations, in all hones ty however, may have changes which are beneficial - as a mutation does not necessarily mean a harmful change.
Neverless, it is important to keep irradiation of the reproductive organs to a minimum.
2 Maximum Permissible noses for Educational Institutions.
a.
Results of various studies on radiation exposure have been utilized in developing recommendations for'iaximum Permissible Doses (MPDs) hy the N3tional Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements.
The primary goal is to keep radiation exposure of the individual well below a level at which adverse ef f ects are likelv to be observed during his lifetime, b.
With respect to the uses of ionizine radiations in education institutions the following 'PDs have been recommended:
s
_________________m
m
, m,7 m, m, ; x m,-
recepve an exposure exceeding 6.'5' rya per year in addition to '
not natura1(,)kgroundofthenedicalexpos(_,gs.
1 (2) 9tudents'under 18 years of age.
Such individuals should not receive whole body exposure exceeding 0.1 ren per year due to-l their educational activity.
J
.c.
To provide an additional factor of safety, each experiment involving ionizing radiation which is to be conducted shall he planned in such a nanner that no individual receives more that 0.01 rem while ca rrying l
it out.
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d.
It should he noted that there is no difficultv in performing radiation experiments in conformity with the above if appropriate precautions are taken.
I 3.
Radiation Sources, a.
General.
In assessing the radiation exposure problem at the Academy, and in planning an appropriate radiation safety progran, it is necessary to know exactly what sources are. being maintained.
To accomplish this and insure that the Academy is not in violation of Federal regulations, no radioactive sources will be procured by staff members without the prior approval of the Radiation Safety Off'icer.
To insure this, the supply office shall not accept any requisitions for the procurement of radioactive materials which have not heen l
approved by the RSO.
In addition, no member shall cause any rad _loactive materials to be introduced into the,d, epa _rtment,_by any other neans without obtaining the prior approval of th,e_RSO,.
Radionuclides Sources. The most connonly used sources of ionizing radiation at the Academy are artificially produced radionuclides.
Acquisition of these radionuclides require a snecific license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission if the amount is greater than that set forth in Title 10, Chap 1, 30.71 Schedule B of the Code of Federal Regulations (see Tab A to this Enclosure).
Staf f menhers shall plan experiments using the minimun strength of radionuclides required.
In j
any event radionuclides shall only be introduced into the department 1
in the manner outlined above.
Specific safety precautions for
)
radionuclides are contained in Tab R to this Enclosure.
I c.
Eauipment ProducinR Ionizing Radiation
]
(1) of the various kinds of radiation produced by high-voltage equipment only the ionizing types such as X-rays and electrons are within the scope of this program.
Dublic Law 90-602 provides that the Secretary of Health and Runan Services shall establish i
an " electronic product radiation control program which shall l
include the development and administration of performance j
standards to control the enission of electronic orodact ra d iat io n".
To date, the performance standards authorized under the law have not been promulgated.
Nonetheless, a set of l
guidelines entitled RADIATION SAFETY RECOWtENDATIONS FOR K-PM DIFFRACTION AND SPECTROSCOPIC EQUIP
- TENT (*10RP-69-14) has been i
issued.
Until such time as the Secretary determines uhat the j
regulatory standards shall be, (MORP-69-14) shall be adhered to by all members using electronic eculpment producing ionizing radiation.
2
.V V
(2) The specific potential electronics radiation hazards maintained by the Academy are the x-ray diffraction and spectrographic units.
These units shall only be used as described in Tab C to this Enclosure.
They shall never be used by other than operators authorized by the Radiation Safety Officer.
UNDER M0 CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL ANYONE INTENTIALLY CAUSE ANY PART OF THE HUMAN BODY TO BE EXPOSED TO THE PRIHARY RADIATION BEAM OF THESE UNITS.
(3)
Any electronic tube operating at a potential above 10 kv should be considered as a possible source of radiation even though it was not designed for that purpose.
Staf f members operating devices having tubes operating above this _ range shall advise the l
Radiation Safety Officer so that saf ety inspections can be made.
d.
Lasers.
Several facts have been established to indicate that laser devices currently produced for use in classrooms can pose hazards for l
injury to both students and instructors. The Academy presently has several lasers.
All are capable of causing human injury, namely changes to retinal cells and/or retinal burns.
Although a federal radiation safety performance standard for lasers has not yet been developed, the precautions outlined in Tab n to this Enclosure are generally accepted as adeauate to minimize the risk of injury of students and other observers.
All' staff menbers using or intending to use lasers shall become familiar with adherance to these precautions.
e.
Security of Sources.
All sources, whether exempt or not, shall be secured, when not in use, in such a manner so as to prevent unauthorized use.
The storage location must also provide adeouate shielding, as necessary. The Radiation Safety Officer shall normally act as source custodian.
Source custodians other than the RSO shall be designated by the Dean as required and listed in Tab G to this Enclosure.
All storage areas shall be labeled in accordance with NRC regulations.
All source custodians shall keep continuous records of each source, its location, its original assay with date, user and final disposition. Each custodian is directly responsible for the sources he maintains and shall insure that the scurces are only made I
available to authr.rized users and shall report any misusage or loss immediately to the RSO.
(1)
Exempted quantities of radionuclides may be used by and under the supervision of all staff members provided they comply with the guidelines contained within this Enclosure and its Tabs.
(2) Lf rensed quantities of radionuclides shall only be used by and under the supervision of those individuals listed in Tab B to this Enclosure.
l l
(3). The x-ray diffraction and spectrographic units sball only be operated by the individuals specified in Tab F to this Enclosure.
(4) The Radiation Safety Officer mav authorize use of sources to l
additional staf f members provided each is trained in the proper use of and is knowledgeable in the safety precautions necessary for the particular source.
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TAB B to Enclosure (?)
Radiation Protection and the Use of Radionuclides f
I 1.
Protection Against the External Hazards From a Radiation Source a.
-In all experiments, the experimenter shall choose the source of mininun strength to do the experiment.
b.
Each er eriment shall be designed in such a manner that rp, individual receive. more than 0.01 rem while carrying it out.
c.
To accomplish b., one may have to consider exposure time, distance from the source to the individual, and shielding.
d.
For a source of given strength, the absorbed dose.is proportional to the duration of the exposure.
e.
For all practical purposes the exposure rate varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source.
f.
Lead shielding, foil and brick, available from the Radiat ion Safety Of ficer to attenuate radiation.
g.
Although you may have shielded yourself directly from the source, radiation may be scattering fron various places and exposing you.
Check all areas!
(i.e., under tables).
?.
Containment o_f Radionugl_ ides.
Containment of radionuclides involves minimizing the potential or resultant contamination from a source, thereby providing protection principally against the internal hazard.
a.
Uhenever possible experimenters shall plan experiments in such a way that the radionuclides is confined in a sealed container.
b.
To insure that lab areas do not become unknowingly contaminated,.the general area will be surveyed p rior to the start of the experiment and the background will be recorded.
A background count for the area will also be taken af ter the experimental apparatus is removed.
Any contamination shall be cleaned up and brought to the attention of the RSO (a survey meter is available f rom the RS0).
c.
Disposal protective gloves will be worn at all times while handling sources.
A lah coat shall be worn when handling unsealed cources.
31
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d.
All individa_.a working with the source sha > dispose of their gloves according to paragranh 2.1 of this Tab, wash their hands, and survey their clothes hefore leaving the area.
e.
"o radioactive source regardless of intensity shall be kept close to the skin (i.e., in a plastic container in someone's pocket) for any extended length of time.
f.
All possible precautions shall he taken to prevent radioactive materials regardless of amount from gaining entry to the body.
Eatine, drinking, and smoking shall not he nermitted in the experiment area.
2 Unsealed sources shall oalv be used hv individuals who demonstrate to the RSO an ability to use them safely.
(A Film strip ani instruction on their use is available 'from the 390 on request).
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h.
All containers of radioactive material shall be prooerly labeled l
at all times. The label shall indicate the date of the assay and l'
the kind and quantity of radioactive naterial, and shall carry l
the standard yellow and magenta radioactive ty symbol.
(Labels l
are available from the RS0).
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When radioactive liquids are being used great care shall be taken I
to avoid spilling or smearing them.-
All experiments using liquid sources shall be confined to a single location.
The working surface of this location must be of a non-absorbant material such-as metal or disposable plastic to ensure that spills can be e.asily cleaned.
j.
Exemoted quantities of radioactive nuclides in solution shall not he added together to obtain a source of a higher activity.
If higher activities are desired the RSO shall be advised so that proper authorization can he obtained for their acquisition.
k.
LThen work with exempted quantities of liquid sources has been completed they may be disposed of in the sanitarv sewage system, I
being flushed away with a copious amount of extra water.
Larger amounts requiring disposal are not to be_ disposed of but rather to be brought to the attention of the P.SO.
l.
All solid exempted quantities of radioactive waste shall be placed in the specially labeled can.
Larger amounts which require disposal are to be brought to the attention of'the RSO.
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Containers of all radioactive' sources shall be kept closed at all I
times except when in actual use.
n.
Pipetting of radioactive solutions by mouth shall never be permitted.
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If there is any reason to snspect contamination or an accident occurs, isolate--the area, clean it, and contact the D40.
p.
Only individuals specified in Tab D to this Enclosure shall use licensed sources.
a.
tio radioactive naterials shall be lef t out unattended.
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TAR ( o Enclosure (2)
Ra,d,iation Protection and the Use of the V-rav Diffraction and Spectrographic units 1.
The use of the x-ray diffraction and spectrographic units maintained by.the Academy shall be governed by the following policies and guidelines:
a.
A person shall be appointed to be responsible for radiation safety within the area of ooeration.
Whenever feasth1.e this person shall he the Padiation Safety Officer.
He shall he responsible for the following:
(1)
Insuring that operational procedures pertaining to radiation safety are established and carried out so that the radiation exposure of each worker is kept as far below the maximun permissible dose equivalent as is practical ^.
(2) Providing instruction in safety practices for all personnel who work with or near x-ray diffraction and spectrographic units.
(3) Insuring that an adequate system of nersonnel monitoring is naintained and used for those experiments where the absorbed dose is expected to be 25% of the maximum permissible dose.
(4) Maintaining radiation control areas including placement of appropriate radiation warning signs, and/or devices.
(5) Providing for radiation safety inspection of x-ray dif f raction and spectrographic eauipment.
( f.,
Reviewing and approving modifications to x-ray apparatus, including x-ray tube housing, cameras, dif fractometers, shielding, and safety interlocks.
(7)
Investigating any case of abnormal radiation exposure to personnel and taking remedial action, if necessary.
(3)
Insuring compliance with all applicable Federal, 9 tate, and departmental rules and regulations.
b.
In the event the person responsible for the general radiation safety program is not a user of the x-ray facility a senior facility operator (SFO) shall be appointed. The SFO shall assist and be responsible to the RSO in the followine areas:
(1)
He shall provide training in the proper use of the nachines as.
required.
(2) Oversee the performance of any modifications to the x-ray apparatus; including x-ray tube housing, caneras, ditfractometers, shielding and safety interlocks.
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.( 3) ' Retain personnel. monitoring data on 'those experiments where an absorbed p se of at leait L 5 mrem is eC ted.
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(4)
Insure facility compliance with all safety directives contained herein and those issued subsequently by the RSO.
(5)
Oversee the operation of the facility by all other authorized o pe ra to rs.
'(6)
Establish and post near each x-ray unit a preoperational check-off list to be followed by all operators.
As a minimum this will require checking operating controls, safety devices, and the experimental apparatus before the x-ray tube is turned on, c.
All authorized operators shall:
(1) Wear film badges and wrist or ring badges at all tines while in the'x-ray equipment room where an ' absorbed dose of a least 2.5 mrem is expected.
These badges shall be worn on the body in the areas which are most likely to be accidently exposed (i.e., if an operator works with his left hand wearing the wrist or ring badge on the right hand, it is useless).
(2)
Be issued machine-enable keys where installed.
Each key will be identifiable to the particular operator who is solely responsible for its use.
( 3)
Be in immediate attendance at all tines when the equipment is in operation or maintain appropriate security of the area if not -in attendance when the equipment is in operation.
(4)
Design each experiment in such a manner that no individual-
~
receives more than 0.01 rem while carrying it out.
(5) Never operate the unit with interlocks and/or other safety devices bypassed or inoperative.
(6) Never modify the apparatus without the prior approval of the RSO and the SFO.
(7)
Perform a ca reful preoperational check of operating controls, safety devices, and experimental apparatus before turning on the x-ray machine.
(8) Never intentionally cause any part of the human body to be exposed to the primary radiation beam of these units.
(4)
Never permit a non-authorized operator to use the units without proper supervision.
(10) Comply with all safety directives contained herein and those issued subsequently ty the RSO and SFO.
(11) Notify the RSO and the SFO immediately of known or suspected abnormal radiation exposure to himself or othe rs.
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.J2.
In addition to the aforementioned the following general operational and safety procedures shall be followed.
a.
Only trained personnel, as approved by the RSO and SFO, shall he pernitted to install, repair, or make other than routine modifications to the x-ray generating apparatus and the tube housing apparatus comp lex.
b.
Procedures and apparatus utilized in beam alignment shall be designated to nininize radiation exposure to the operator.
c.
Written emergency procedures pertaining to radiation snfety shall be established for each facility by the RSO and shall be posted in a conspicuous location near each x-ray dif fraction or spectrographic unit.
These shall list telephone numbers of a physician and the RSO and,'as a minitum, should include instructions for the following actions to be taken in case of a known or suspected accident involving radiation exposure.
(1) Notifying Radiation Safety Officer.
(2)
Notifying Safety Officer.
(3)
Arranging for me ical examination, being sure to notify the examing physiciaa that exposure to low energy x-rays may have occured.
d.
If. for any reason, it is temporarily necessary to alter safety devices, such as bypassing interlocks or removing shielding, such action shall be:
(1)
Specified in uriting, approved by the RSO and SFO and posted near the x-ray tube housing so that other persons will know the existing status of the machine.
(2) Terninated as soon as possible.
e.
Radiation exposure to individuals, either within the radiation controlled area or in its environs, shall be so controlled that the maximum permissible dose equivalent values as set forth by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements or Federal, State, and local rules and regulations, are not exceeded.
See paragraph 2 of Enclosure (2).
f.
Personnel nonitoring shall not be required of students observing an experiment conducted by an authorized machine operation, if the absorbed dose is expected to be less than 25% of the maximum permissible dose.
g.
Personnel monitoring shall be required of all personnel operating an x-ray machine when an absorbed dose of 25 of the maximum permissible dose is expected.
(See paragraph (1) of this Tab) h.
Radiation protection surveys shall be conducted at least semi-annually by the RSO, if the nachine has been used over the nast six nonth period.
i.
Radiation protection survey shall be conducted by the SFO whenever an eenipment modification has been made.
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The tube hou~ sing leakage radiation, measured at a distance of 5en f rom -
the surf ace. of the tube housing with beam ports blocked, shall not exceed a SmR in 1. hour.
k.
Radiation originating within the high voltage power supply (i.e.,
transformers and rectifiers) shall not exceed 0.5mR in I hour at.every specified rating at a distance of Sem. from the housing of the power nupplv.
1.
For x-ray diffraction and spectrographic equipment in which the primary x-ray beam is c..pletely enclosed, the stray radiation at a distance of 25cm from the tube housing-apparatus complex, as measured with a monitor appropriate for the energy range monitored, should be reduced to a minimal level and shall be less than 2mR in 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> at every specified tube rating.
m.
For open beam x-ray equipment the following precautions shall apply:
(1) Either easily visible flashing lights or other equally conspicuous signals that operate only when the primary x-ray beam is released (i.e., x-ray tube activated and beam ports open) shall be provided in such a manner as to alert persons to the potential radiation hazard.
This signal shall be labeled so that-its purpose is easily identified.
(2) The operator should be in immediate attendance at all times when the equipment is in operation.
Deviations from this practice shall be cleared through the RSO.
(3) When not in operation, the eauipment shall be secured in such a way as to be accessible to, or operable by, only authorized pe rsonnel, n.
Each tube housing-apparatus complex should be so arranged as to l
prevent the entry of parts of the body into the primary radiation beam path or cause the primary radiation beam to shut off upon entry into its path, c.
A shutter status (open or closed) indicator should be provided, on or adjacent to the tube housing, which will automatically indicate the position of each shutter, in a readily discernible manner.
p.
A sign or label bearing the words " Caution - Padiation - This Equipment Produces X-Radiation When Energized - To Re Operated Only By Oualified Personnel", or words having similar intent, shall be placed
)
near any switch which energizes an x-ray tube.
The sign or label l
shall use the conventional radiation caution colors (mager.ta on a yellow background) and shall bear the conventional radiation symbol.
q.
A sign or label bearing the " Caution - iligh Intensity X-Ray Beam", or words having similar intent, shall be placed on or adjacent to each j
x-ray tube housing.
It should be located so as to be clearly visible j
to any person who may be working in close proximity to the primary j
radiation beam.
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A red magenta warning light with the notation "X-Ray On", or equivalent, shall be located on the control panel and shall light only when the x-ray tube is activated.
Also, a labeled x-ray tube status (on or of f) indicator,- preferably a red or megenta light, should be provided on or adjacent to each tube housing so that tube status is readily discernible.
Machines which utilize an x-ray dif f raction camera should have s.
appropriate ports'of the x-ray tube housing arranged _so that either:
(1) The x-ray tube can he energized only when the camera collimating system is in place or (2) A shutter mechanism allows the primary radiation beam to pass only when the camera collimating system is in place.
The coupling between the x-ray tube and the collimator of the t.
dif f ractometer, camera, or other accessory shall prevent stray x-rays from escaping the coupling.
Safety interlocks shall not be used to de-activate the x-ray beam, u.
except in an emergency or during testing of the interlock system.
If the interlock system does turn off the x-ray beam, it shall not be possible to resume operation without resetting the beam "0N" switch at the control panel.
All safety devices (interlocks, shutters, warning lights, etc.) shall v.
be tested periodically to insure their proper operation.
Discrepancies shall be reported to ;be RSO.
shall be. secured in the closed w.
All tube head ports which are not t
postion in a manner which will pre r t casual opening. Dort covers shall offer the same degree of prote, tion as is required of the tube housing.
x.
Permanent shielding should be used in preference to temporary shielding whenever feasible.
y.
X-ray dif fraction and spectrographic equipment should be placed in a room separate from other work areas, whenever possible.
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TAB v# o Enclosure (2) t 3
R_A_D_I_A_T_I_O.N_ _P_R.O.T_E_C.T_I_O_N..A_N_D_ _T.HE_.U.S.E..OF..LA_S_E_R_S_
1.
The use of lasers maintained at the Acadeny shall he governed by the following policies and guidelines:
a.
Avoid directly viewing. the beam.- Direct propaga tion of. the laser beam f rom the laser into the eye of an observer shall be avolded at all times.
As a general practice, do not place any portion of the body in the beam. This practice becomes increasingly important as the output power of the laser device increases.
Good work practices developed early will' assist the individual in working safely later with higher output units.
b.
Remove unnecessa_ry objects from the path of the beam.
Objects with mirror-like finishes reflect laser beams.
Viewing the reflected beams shall also be avoided.
Demonstration equinment, such as support rods and bench surfaces, shall be painted or treated to produce a dull, non-reflective surface.
All optical components shall be rigidly fixed with respect to their position to the laser.
c.
Block the beam when it is not needed.
Use a shutter or cap which can be operated to allow the beam to radiate O'JLY when necessary for measurements or observations, d.
Terminate laser beams.
All radiation beams from a laser shall be terminated by non-reflective, absorbing material to prevent unnecessary propagation beyond the work - area.
Such targets shall ha fixed rigidly to prevent accidental displacement.
e.
Prepare and test demonstrations without others present.
Demonstrations shall be prepared and tested by the instructor witbout others present.
The possibility of an unexpected reflection should always be considered.
f.
Deflect Beam in a Vertical Plane.
Complex experiments or
~
demonstrations involving reflection or refraction shall be conduced with the beam deflection angles contained in a vertical plane. The laser display system should be contained in a box, open on the side (s), but closed on the ends, top and bottom.
The height of the laser beam axis should be established at a level helow or above the eye level height of the instructor or observers.
g.
Affix expanding lens rigidly to laser.
When the. laser is used to illuminate larpe surf aces, such as in the viewing of holograms, beam expanding lenses. shall be rigidly fixed to. the ' laser.
h.
Do not leave an operable laser accessible and unattended.
i.
Reduce Optical Power.
The optical power used shall he reduced to the mininum necessary 'tli accomplish the classroom objective.
Meutral density filters or colored plastic can he used ef fectively to reduce radiated optical power.
71
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O TAB E to' Enclosure (2)
Authorized Users of Licensed Quantities of Byproduct Materials Authorized User Byproduct Material Authorized to Use LT E. L. Wilds All Sources Held LT R. J. Fuller All Sources Held k
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TAB F to Enclosure (2)'
Authorized Operator of T-Rav Diffraction and Spectrographic finits Authorized User finit(s) Authorized to Use
- Professor-Saul vsrasner X-Ray Diffraction and Spectrographic Unit
- Appointed Senior Facility Operator l
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Custodian of Academy Everoduct Materials
.y Individual Avproduct Material Resoonsiblile for LT F.,
T.. Wilds All sources s,. ' et i
I T.T ' R..T. Fulle r All sources l
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O o-TAB 11 to Enclosure- (2) s Em,e,rgency Procedures X-Ray Diffraction Unit 1.
In the event that any individual is accidentally expor.ed to the x-ray beam of the x-ray diffraction or spectrographic unit the following actions shall be taken immediately.
l.
a.
Shut down the unit involved.
h.
tiotify the Academy duty doctor at extension 8400.
Fully comply with the instructions eceived f rom the hospital.
Notif y - the Radiation Saf ety Of ficer, LT Uilds at extensLoa 8637, or at c.
l home (203) 376-3469.
d.
If the Radiation Safety Of ficer cannot be reached, notify the Assistant' Radiation Saf ety Of ficer, LT Fuller at Ext 8641, or at home (203) 464-8110.
2.
In the event that you are a user of either unit and develop an unexplainable reddening of the skin or hair loss:
a.
Report to sickbay for a medical examination as soon as the apparent symptom is noticed.
L
').
Notify the Radiation Saf ety Of ficer.
c.
Notify the' Safety Officer.
3.
- either of the x-ray units shall be used af ter a known or suspected l
1 accident inco1 vin?, radiation exposure untti a thorough investigation has been conducted and the causes for the accident have been remedied.
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- ' #ye Tab I to' Enclosure (2~).
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' Instructions' for Perfor ning Leak Tests D
Ir
- t.
.y 1.L Generallnformation. At this time leak tests are reanired on 4 Du-Re capsules 1 Cs137 sealed source 2 Co60 sealed starces 3 Po210 sealed' sources 6 Pnl47 sealedYsoqrces 4(
1 Cn244
.sealedfource
/'
2 1 Am 'I sealed dource
]V' 1 Cd108 sealed source 1 Fe55 sealed source These. tests nust be performed seWiaIinually when the cources are being used and annually if thev are being storeU The wipe test : should also be performed
'af ter a sealed source,id. received, transferred, sub.ticted to any rough handling reason.appected of having been damaged or is leakina.
or it is for any F
The RSO shall be noteified immediately if any wipe test shows an activity that is significantly above background.
The tests in each case are dry wipes.
Each source is wiped with filter paper with moderate pressure and the filter paper counted with a suitable counter and that count is conoared with a standard source and background radiation.
rhe Pu-Re capsules and "o210, Am241, cn244 sealed sources are checked for alpha radiation, "atl7 sealed sources are checked for beta radiation: and the Csl37, Co60, Cdl0", and Fe' sources are checked for gamna.
Each type of source mav be wiped with the same piece of filter paper and a total activity determined.
If this count is significantly above background or is significantly higher than the results of previous wipe tests, the procedure must he repeated for each source to isolate any nossible leakage.
The limit for contamination is.005 Ci so the activity of the standard used must be equal or less than that and the counting systen used must he sensitive enough to detect that level of radiation.
I' Soecific Testing Instructions:
a.
Alpha wfpe test (1)
Set up electronics for 300mm2 Surface Barrier n tector with e
multichannel analyzer and scaler as per diagran in wipe test log.
(2) Set anolified gain so that Sinnie Channel Analyzer passes a 's up to 8 MEV.
(3) Establish sensitivity by counting with the standard source in place about 10nm fron detector.
Use the A241, PU234, Cn244 nixed source with a strength of.00043 Ci as the standard count for five minutes and record count in log.
(4) Make a background count with a clean filter paoer in place.
Count for five minutes and record count in log.
b Il
s'm m _
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__ _ _.- - _ ~- -_-
l plastic; gloves and mini nizing handling tine.
Use tongs when possible]
(6) Make a five minute count using same geometry as (3) and ('+) above and log results.
,j (7)
If count shows any activity above background repeat step (6)~with wipes from individual sources.
b.
Ganma wipe test.
(i)
Set up electronics for 3x3 UaI detector as per diagran in wipe test log.
(T)
Set the anplifier gain and single channel analyzer window so that the sealed source peaks are accepted.
? i)
Establisa sensitivity by placing a.005 Ci sealed source.which has a peak in 'the analyzer window set in step (2) directly on the detector and counting for five minutes.
Record the count.
/ !: ) Make a five minute' background count with a clean piece of filter paper on the detector.
Record the count.
(5) Uipe e.;ach type of source with the filter paper while wearing plastic gloves and minimizing the handling time.
Use tongs when possible.
(6) Make a five minute count with the same geometry of (3) and (4) above and record the results.
(7)
If count shows any activity above background repeat step (6) with wipes on individual sources.
c.
Beta Wipe Test 2
(1)
Set up electronics for 300mm surface barrier detector eith multichannel analyzer and scalar as per diagram in wipe test log.
(?)
Set emplified gain so that single channel analyzer passes S's up to 500 Key,
( 3)
Establish sensitivity by counting with a standard source in place about 30mm from detector and count for five minutes.
Reco rd count in log.
(4)
Make a background count with a clean filter paper ir place.
Count for five minutes and record count in log.
(5) Uipe each type of source with the tilter oaper in place, while wearing plastic gloves and minimizing handling time.
Use tongs when possible.
( 6) Make a five minute count using same gaametry as (3) and (4) above and log results.
( )
If count shows any activity above background repeat sten (6) with wipes fron individual sources..
12 1
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Tab ' **o Enclosure (2)
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O D
R A DI ATION S AFETY STAND ARDS Alpha and Peta radiation Alpha and Beta emitting sources which we have are dangerous only if inhaled er ingested.
Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin. Only high energy betas can penetrate the skin.
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iMeV betas have a ranee of less than 3mm in skin and these will have lost most of their I
1 energy in dcing so.
Check your hands with a survey meter af ter handling an alpha or bet a source. Due
{
l to their lack of penetrating ability, these sources have very thin covers.
Gamma Radiation This is the radiation we must be most concerned about. Gamma radiation has high penetrability and ionizing ability compared with alpha's and beta's.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission standards for unrestricted areas (our labs) require that
'erson not receive a radiation dose more than 500 mrem /vr or a continuous dose of mere i
waan 2 mrem /hr over a working day as a result of handling radioactive materials. For comparative purposes the " average" person receives an approximate annual whole body radiation dose of 110 mrem from natural background and 70 mrem from diagnostic X-rays.
'4 hen working with a gamma emitting source, use a Geiger-Muller survey meter to estimate the dose you are receiving. Survey meters measure radiation levels and generally read in millireer.tgens/ hour (mR/hr). For gamma radiation being absorbed by a human:
1 mR/hr radiation level = 1 mrem /hr absorbed dose, j
-)
Geiger-Muller meters are calibrated for gamma radiation and read as much as 50 times too high for beta radiation. Most are not sensitive to alpha particles at all.
No experiment should allow a student to absorb a radiation dose of more than 10 mrem.
)
n
'u Tab K to Encl re (2)
U. S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY RADIATION E2tERGENCY DROCEDURES Emergency Telephone Numbers i
Radiation Saf ety Of ficer 444-A641, 8637 i
Safety Office 444-8230 Emergency Numbe r 444-8555 Officer of the Day 444-8450, 8451 TOR ACCIDETIS INVOLVI!!G RADIAT1nn ExposyRE FOR RA010AGTIVE MATERIAL I.
Energency Notification A.
Extreeme Mazards - high radiation levels or the possibility of airborne contamination from dry or volatile radioactive naterials.
i 1.
Evacuate the laboratory immediately c1cse and lock the door and/or stand guard to prevent entrance-during normal work hours, j
irt,ediately contact the Radiation Safety Office and give details j
of the accident.
I 2.
Du*ing of f hours, evacuate laboratory, close door, call ext. R555 l
and give details of the accident and await instructions.
The 009 will contact the Radiation Safety Officer.
The RSO will then contact the individual and give instructions.
3.
If you have to leave the area to call the Radiation Safety l
Of ficer or 000, cover your shoes if you suspect contamination and l
do not touch anything unnecessarily.
4.
Hold your breath when possible until leaving innediate area of j
pos sible high airborne concentrations.
I B.
Accident involving both personnel injury and radioactive contamination 1.
Give first aid, if necessary.
If the wound appears to be superficial, flush with cool water immediately.
i 2.
During normal working hours contact the Radiation Safety Officer.
(
Give details of the accident and await instructions.
The FSO will contact the individual and give instructions.
3.
Remove any contaminated clothing and if necessary wrap the j
individual in a fire blanket.
4.
If it is necessary to send individuals to the Emere,ency Roon a t the Academy uospital, inform the Emergency Roon that a
contaminated patient is comiro.
The Academy anbulance will orovide transportation.
K1 u_-__-__
Keep all uninjurg(])ersonnel involved close to t( )d sealing the 5
accident area.
Prevent the spreac of contamination by isolating an i
. accident area. Keep people out.
Shut down ventilation if possible.
C.
Other Hazards 1.
Fires, explosions, etc.
Evacuate all personnel immediately, sound the fire alarn, notify the Radiation Safety Of ficer and await instructions? do not leave the area or general vicinity without first being monitored for radioactive contamination.
7 For All Emergencies Use the Following Guides 1.
Confine Contamination a.
Tocalize the spill.
Right a tipped container, drop absorbent material on the spill, damp down a dry spill.
Always wear gloves when working with a spill, b.
Do not track contamination about the laboratory.
Call, da not go, for help if possible.
Stevent others from entering the immediate contamination area.
c.
Close doors and where possible adjust ventilation to prevent the spread of airborne contamination.
d.
Check your shoes before leaving the area of a cleaned-up spill.
2.
Protect Personnel a.
Remove contaminated clothing and gently wash contaminated parts of the body with detergent.
b.
Be especially thorough in flushing out wounds with cool water.
c.
Hold your breath if airborne contamination is suspected or until you leave the area.
d.
Warn other workers.
l II. Security Procedures A.
The 000 or Security Personnel upon receiving a call should collect the following information:
the location of the accident, the number of injured and/or exposed persons, the types and appror.imate quantity of radioactive material iniolved, and the name and telephone number of the individual giving the information.
3.
The 00n, af ter receiving a report of a radiation accident and dispatching a policeman to the scene should contact the following:
i 1.
If injuries are irsolved, the Hospital Emergency Room either to warn of an accident or indica te that contaminated patients are coming.
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2.
Safety Officer:
Academy Phone No.
Home Phone CWO L. T. Chrisler 8230 (203) 442-9987 3.
Radiation Safety Of ficer:
Start at the top of the list and proceed down until someone is reached.
LT E. L. WILOS 8637 (203) 376-3460 LT R. J. FittmER 8641 (203) 464-9110 4.
Joon or Fire Itarshal C.
Security when reaching t e scene of the accident should heln determine h
if injured personnel need emergency cnre or not: if so, they should provide transportation (either patrol car or ambulance).
Anyone known to he contaminated should be wrapped in a fire blanket or other means used to contain the contamination.
Call the emergency 49553 and indicate the number of patients coning.
D.
hbvenent' of personnel should be done in a manner that will mininize the spread of contamination.
III.
Accident Reporting A.
All information released to the public concerning accidents involving radiation shall be released through the Public Af fairs Of ficer, via the Radiation Safety Officer.
B An accident repo rt will he filled out and sent to the Safety Of ficer within 2 days of the incident.
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r ^losure (2)
Tab L~to rU t
I ORDERI"G AND RECEIVII!G RADICACTIVF ?%'ERIALS 1.
All radioactive materials for the Acadeny shall be ordered via the Radiation Safety Officer.
None of there materials shall be ordered unless he has-initialed the procurement request in column D of section 5 (approvals).
2.
Th'e Radiation Safety Of ficer. before initialing, shall ensure that the requested naterial and quantities are authorized by the license and that possession linits are not exceeded.
1.
'Then the order is placed, the Radiation Safety Of ficer uill send a copy of the Notification of Shinnent of - Radioact.t ve t!aterial to the Academy safety of ficer and the Chief, Logistics Branch with a cony to the Comptroller.
4.
'Then the shipment arrives, CSK personnel or the 000, if delivery is af ter hours shall:
a.
Visually inspect each incoming package of radioactive naterial for exterior damage or wetness of any sort.
Do no t touch it.
h.
Call 9afety Officer and Radiation Safety of ficer.
Only the Radiation Safety Officer or his representative can accept shipment.
c.
Obey any request of the Radiation Of ficer to clear the area.
5.
It is the responsibility of the Radiation Safety Of ficer to ensure that Section 20.205 of 10CFR Part 20 is complied with.
He will carry out the following:
a.
Visually inspect package for any sign of damage.
If damage is noted he l
will take appropriate action including transfer of material and packing to a lead pig or other appropriate container.
b.
'feasure radiation levels at three feet from the nackaoe surface.
Iteasure surface radiation level.
If these are high (10 mR/hr at three feet or 200 mR/hr at the surface), he will clear area of.all' personnel and take appropriate action, including transfer of the material and -
packing to a safe container.
c.
Once in a safe container, the material can be transferred to Snith Hall.
The Radiation Safety Of ficer will survey the receivine area and be responsible for cleaning the area of contamination.
He will treat cleaning naterials (such as rags, etc.) as radioactive waste.
d.
The Radiation Safety Of ficer will open the outer package -(following manufacturer's directions, if supplied), and remove packing slip.
He will onen inner nackage to verify contents (compare requisition, j
packing slip, and label on bottle), and check integrity of final source l
container (inspect for breakage of seals or vials, loss of licuid, i
discoloration of nacking material).
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He vi31 perform wipe test on-final source container-wipe external
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surface with moistened cotton swab or a filter napar held with forcept.
assay and record.
-j
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f.
He will monitor the packing material and if contaminated treat as radioactive waste.
If it is not contaminated, be will obliterate I
radiation labels and discard in regular trash.
g.
24e will store the material in the radionuclides storag.e safe and. log its receipt into the radioisotope log book.
He uilt also notify the Chief Laboratory Technician and the original requestor of the arrival of the material.
h.
He will fill out the Radioactive Shipment Receipt Report and place it on f1.le.
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O Ci e
NOTIFICATION OF SHIPMENT 0F RADIOACTIVE ?fATEilIAL Radioactive material has been ordered by:
Vendo r :
Expected date of arrival:
{
INSTRifCTIONS TO RECEIVING PERSONNEL 4
a 1
The package can be identified by the conventional three bladed radiation symbol three nagenta or purple blades on yellow background.
Before touching, visually inspect the package.
If it is danaged in any way (crushed, ripped wrapping, etc.) or if it is we t, do no t touch it but immediately call the Radiation Safety officer.
If package is intact, put on gloves, and place ' package on receiving table.
Then call the Radiation Safety Of ficer.
He will nonitor the nackage and receive the shipnent.
Mandle the package only with gloves on.
f Radiation Safety Officer Name:
Academy phone:
Fone phone:
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RADI0 ACTIVE SilI?!!ENT RECEIPT REPORT 1
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1.
P0#
Survey Date Tine Surveyor 2.
CONDITION OF PACP. AGE 0.K.
Punctured Status 1fet Crushed Otber i
3.
PAAIATION tTNITS OF LABEL:
Units (nRen/hr) 4.
!!EAS11 RED RADIATION LE5'ELS:
a.
Package Surface nRen/hr
)
4 b.
3 feet or 1 neter from surface nPen/hr i
5.
DO PACKING SLIP AMn VIAL C0! CENTS AGREE?
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a.
Radionuclides yes no, difference j
j b.
Acount yes no difference s
c.
Chen Forn ves nc, difference 6.
UIPE RESULTS FROM:
a.
Outer CPhi =
DPM eff =
(
)
b.
Final source container CPM DP!!
=
eff = (
)
7.
S11RVEY 'RESULTS OF PACKING ?tATERIAL AND CARTONS nRem/hr, CPM 9
DISPOSITION OF PACKAGE AFTER INSPECTION O.
IF NRC/ CARRIER NOTIFICATION REGIIIRED, GIVE TIME, DATE, ann PERSONS NOTIFIED.
Sir;na ture Date l
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