ML20214L319

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Forwards Current Rev of Reanalysis of Main Steam Line Outside Containment W/Energy Absorbers as Replacements for Hydraulic Snubbers, to Aid NRC in Review Process
ML20214L319
Person / Time
Site: Point Beach  NextEra Energy icon.png
Issue date: 09/03/1986
From: Fay C
WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER CO.
To: Lear G
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
CON-NRC-86-89 VPNPD-86-396, NUDOCS 8609100081
Download: ML20214L319 (47)
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{{#Wiki_filter:.i WISCONSIN Electnc eom cowa 231 W. MICHIGAN.P O BOX 2046, MILWAUKEE,WI53201 (414)277-2345 VPNPD-86-396 NRC-86-89 September 3, 1986 Mr. H. R. Denton, Director Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U. S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20555 Attention: Mr. George Lear, Project Director PWR Project Directorate 1 Gentlemen: DOCKETS 50-266 AND 50-301 RESPONSE TO REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING USE OF ENERGY ABSORBERS POINT BEACH NUCLEAR PLANT, UNITS 1 AND 2 On May 13, 1986, Wisconsin Electric Power Company sent the Nuclear Regulatory Commission a letter which informed the NRC of our intent to install energy absorbers in lieu of snubbers in selected locations at the Point Beach Nuclear Plant. Additional summary information regarding energy absorbers was provided with, or referred to in, our May 13 letter. Subsequently the NRC staff has determined that NRC approval is necessary prior to Wisconsin Electric's installing energy absorbers in place of snubbers. l To aid the NRC's review process, the current revision of " Reanalysis of Main Steam Line Outside Containment with Energy Absorbers as Replacements for Hydraulic Snubbers", l which supersedes the revision of the report previously l provided to you as Enclosure 1 of our May 13 letter, is included as Enclosure 1. Additionally, the NRC staff generated twenty-four preliminary questions, which were telecopied to Wisconsin Electric on July 28, 1986. Responses to the preliminary questions have been developed by Bechtel and are provided as Enclosure 2. \\ o Ao 8609100081 860903 PDR ADOCK 05000266 P PDR

9 s 9 . '/ o Mr. H. R. Denton September 3, 1986 Page 2 By telephone conversation on August 28, 1986, with Mr. T. Colburn, our NRC Project Manager, it is our understanding that a meeting among the NRC, Bechtel, and Wisconsin Electric to resolve any final issues regarding the use of energy absorbers at Point Beach Nuclear Plant will be arranged to occur sometime in September. Should you require additional information to aid in your review, please advise us. Very truly yours, Q, ba %l q' C. W. Faf Vice President Nuclear Power Enclosures Copy to Resident Inspector (without enc.)

t 't '. i ENCLOSURE 1 REANALYSIS OF MAIN STEAM LINE OUTSIDE CONTAINENT WITH ENERGY ABSORBERS AS REPLACEENTS FOR HYDRAULIC SNU88ERS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Original Configuration with Snubbers. Isometric P-107 was analyzed for thermal expansion, weight, and seismic The system with snubbers was qualified for seismic loads using the loads. Bulletin 79-14 original plant seismic design criteria as stated in "NRC IE Final Report" dated January 28, 1983. The actual 79-14 The current revision of the isometric (Rev. 5) is attached. analysis was performed using the Rev. 2 isometric but the changes from Rev. 2 The systa through Rev. 5 were insignificant and no reanalysis was perfomed. The snubbers are includes seven snubbers, most of which are seismic supports. R-E8-2-1, 3, 4, 6, 7, E8-2-H7, and EB-2-H17. Figure 1 is a computer plot showing the relative locations of these snubbers. f Revised Configuration with Energy Absorbers. Two reanalyses have been performed with energy absorbers based on Rev. 2 andRev. 5 isometrics respectively but with identical locations and sizes of energy absorbers. 120F-2

t 1 Figure 2 is a computer plot showing the revised support system for Isometric It indicates that the seven snubbers P-107 (Rev. 2) using energy absorbers. were replaced with five energy absorbers at the locations and orientations as The five energy absorbers are identified as follows: shown in Figure 2. Remark Size EAB1 4x5/16x5 Replace snubber # R-EB-2-3 EA82 4x5/16x5 Replace snubber 9 R-EB-2-1 EAB3 4x5/16x5 Replace snubber 9 EB-2-H6 EAS4 4x5/16x5 Replace snubber # R-EB-2-4 EAB5 4x5/16x5 Replace snubber 9 EB-2-H17 ANALYSIS PERFORED Thermal and Weight Analysis The configuration modified with energy absorbers was reanalyzed using Bechtel E101 Computer program for all load cases for which it had been previously For all thermal and weight loads, the energy absorbers were qualified. modeled as linear spring elements with a stiffness equal to the elastic spring rate of energy absorbers because the resulting movements are lower than the yield displacements. Seismic Analysis The seismic design basis for Point Beach is based.on an analysis for a two-directional earthquake (maximum of X+2 or Z+Y responses),1/25 damping coefficient, SRSS model combinations. This is ths basis of the system analysis of the snubber configuration in 79-14 review. The response spectra applied were an envelope of elevation 48' of South Wing Aux. Building, elevation 2.5' of Central Aux. Building and Elevation 105' of Containment Butiding. 129F-3

l 7 The seismic reanalysis of this system with energy absorbers was performed using a more stringent seismic analysis rules to demonstrate the system The capability to accommodate higher or more stringent earthquake criteria. stress analysis with energy absorber was performed using Regulatory Guide 1.92 closely spaced model combinations method, using the enveloped spectra, assuming a concurent X+Y+Z earthquakes, and assuming 0.5% generic system damping. The equivalent linear analysis method of the ME101 computer program was used in the reanalysis. SU W RY OF RESULTS As expected, all snubbers can be replaced by energy absorbers, and the results based on Rev. 2 and Rev. 5 are almost identical. Table I compares the results of the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) load case for the existing design with the results of the reanalysis using energy absorbers. The comparison shows that although the reanalysis with energy absorbers used a more stringent criteria than the original design basis, virtually all of the significant Table la results are lower than for the original snubber design basis. presents the natural frequencies of the piping system and the damping values for each vibration mode, for use of the energy absorbers. Table 2 shows the pipe stress summary sheet for all applicable load Table 3 combinations for the existing design basis case (with snubbers). shows the same information for the energy absorber case. Table 4 gives the Table 5 shows the support load sumary for snubber case support lead summary. the energy absorber case, 129F-4

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9 e TABLE 1 LOAD CASE SSE COWARISON Snubber Case Energy Absorber Energy Absorber Item Cered [79-14 Review'J [ Iso P-107, Rev. 2] [ Iso P-107, Rev. 5] 1.4 Hz 0.9 Hz 0.9 Hz Fundamental Frequency 0.5% 0.55 - 175 0.5% - 17% Damping Ratio (See Table 1(a)) 27.4 ksi 18 ksi 19.7 ksi Max. Stress (SSE) Max. Valve Acceleration 1.57 g 2.12 g 2.37 g 2.43 in. 3.6 in. 3.8 in. Max. Displacement (Dy) Supports. Total No. of Supports - 45 43 43 (not including springs) 7 0 0 Total No. of Snubbers Total No. of Energy Absorbers 0 5 5 Max. Support Load (SSE) 56 kips 25 kips 28 kips Max. Snubber /EA Loads 56 kips 7.1 kips 7.7 kips Total Snubber /EA Loads 79 kips 28 kips 29 kips Total Support Load in Bldg. 297 kips 231 kips 249 kips t 129F t

s TABLE (la) Fmparef ard Dupig (P-107) (p-lor SNUBBER ENERGY ABSORBER (REV 2) ENERGY ABSORBER (REV. FREQUE827 04WI8de m F96Sft057 p egggggg? gewges (CPS) (CPS) (CPS) .578770 .000916 t 9.437991 .898118 .009233 f.430977 .007825 2 2.078974 1.429006 .007S71 2.000099 .008361 3 3.900819 2.083049 .000083 2.843961 .199237 4 3.352963 2.071390 .168744 3.147704 .009118 5 3.831317 3.244497 .010970 3.374492 .008308 4 3.643924 3.433948 .008359 3.574498 .015241 7 3.986841 3.597912 .013697 3.779936 .015309 a 4.107092 3.772945 .014708 3.848463 .005545 9 4.244*03 3.8130e7 .00 stet 4.086570 .007791 to 4.540914 4.079869 .083074 4.142341 .048990 4.307670 .044943 4.243065 .004424 11 4.4420S5 12 4.842973 4.293900 .014070 4.427933 .031941 i 13 4.997947 4.451900 .038779 4.622763 .007231 4.839800 .007tte 4.680340 .011190 to 5.094390 4.704449 .021618 15 5.214334 4.843979 .006S29 4.84S789 .008 m S.138240 .0t2770 S.069422 .010639 te S.408941 S. 2 tSSM .005082 S.215798 .005092 17 6.098590 S.397487 .087998 S.299212 .00M47 18 9.273128 i S.848M4 .008431 S.396708 .019947 i 19 6.346309 20 6.70252t S.045254 .094499 S.928693 .009181 2t 6.742757 8.272270 .000000 8.272512 .009012 22 6.914420 4.677277 .000022 S.Ge9975 .009053 23 7.131894 4.734848 .000003 S.726031 .0054e7 24 7.28433: 6.844640 .014891 S.093799 .008271 25 7.57682 6.995343 .010819 7.069527 .082820 26 7.739233 7.10t207 .010008 7.070829 .0084t3 27 7.829234 7.286549 .000092 7.256219 .006039 28 7.847438 7.705725 .000602 7.777312 .005962 29 7.946432 7.813948 .043347 7.991291 .006082 30 7.949455 7.952483 .00se29 7.963394 .007334 31 0.01153e 7.988079 .000630 8.000143 .000076 32 S.072079 8.047354 .018442 0.064429 .009944 33 8.110723 S.089793 .008944 8".085431 '.005912 34 s.650423 g 179400 031089 0.009093 .030264 35 8.994240 8.254442 .007207 8.223797 .091822 9.429968 .028100 36 9.301370 8.425778 .047693 8.838711 .027576 37 9.414792 8.996003 .028164 9.114127 ,006923 3e 9.740157 9.108184 .009400 9.244438 .0100t0 39 9.76953s 9.288891 .007322 40 10.343347 9.456148 .009006 9.41493t .000038 9.440094 .023831 41 10.503375 9.977789 .023998 42 10.544105 9.641393 .006416 9.44M22 .0130tt 10.02t197 .041154 43 10.404079 10.132872 .020897 90.343293 .007257 44 to 884912 10.409931 .00GM3 45 10.95441g 10.924717 .008471 10.4907M .00G000 to.929942 .006064 44 11*230371 10.923476 .005538 to.Mu t 2 . 00S IM g g 248,4,9,4 to. 7,M2 .00 0 0 47 10.954527 .008299 4 10.930337 .008731 4, i t. t 29Mr .00M 41 g, 7,4872,3 it.iite20 .007:4i 4, ,3,o 43 30 t t.2nm .00 042 i i. 343MS .00M0s 51 12.533200 11.933872 .010020 ft.4794tS .009042 52 12.62M 57 11.799345 .000042 tt.83S244 .009567 53 12.658004 11.844930 .008S47 17.244497 .027536 12.339429 .081248 17.429202 .0t2311 12.901232 .006097 12.540336 .005878 56 13.219849 12.933966 .000013 12.643002 .009413 57 13.599808 12.7643te .008478 12.944999 .008200 58 14.t45275 13.009910 .005797 83.076190 .008952 59 I4.544679 g3,339003 .000004 L1.184324 000003 40 14.845404

Tablo 2 PHIS STREM RNARARY CHECK AND COVER S4EET ANN.831.1 (79-14 evaluation) ~ 94EET 1 OF 31 Poine mameh f pggggy, _ PLANT Data GRour 10447-014 a no,__ Mainstream Outside l-21 30 NO.. D-107 REY NO. 2 l sySTsu. CAI.C. NO. __ MAxitfutA ALLOWASLE CNECKER/ DEWGN PLANT LOCATION CDNDITM OPERATING OF MAX. LOADING CORABINATION N 37ngSS PSI DATE STRESS PSI AND [ ANSI CONDITON PIPE STRESS s.s s PARA.REFJ sseen passa,aT10,Riese 5616 o ENTa4seso esient a surfassseo Loao 7366 v temos Normal 762 mas 12982 15,000 lisas.ti sess.it mem esmess passa,aflG85 pee 8157 occassoseat 549 weiewT a susTansso Loso Cat I max. occasiassat Loao. m 5052 18,000 3 est ta NI %t 295 suu 13758 h-1.2) max ossness pulsas. AT1085psse 8157 h4 549 vessewv a sustaessao Lono Cat I max. accamossat Lono. SEE 10105 27,000 18811 m 4. 8) Faultad 295 suas 5923 kan ossess passa. AT1085assa 1556 waiout a susTasssso Leno g occamossat Lono. 5 13725 18,000 ~ 21204 la 1.2) Upset 515 suas 5923 64 osasenpassa AT19.81pmo i 1556 wasewT a sustausso Loao 'wa==at Lono. SSE 27450 36,000 N III 34929 In-2.4) sys max Faultad 515 suas 20795 sa menesat awassanon Max. oper. Twenes4L fi saf dog. F 20795 22,500 640 suas

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SUMMARY

CHECK AND COVER SHEET ANSI.831.1 SHEET 1 OF 1 Point Beach PRWECT. __ 10447-012 PLANT DESIGN GROUP M8 nom M"if"i-am Ouem W l SYSTEM- - ISO NO. P-107 REV NO. 5 CALC.NO. _ l-21/EhB MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CHECKER / OESIGN PLANT LOCATION CON 0lTIOg OPERATING OF MAX. LOADING COM81 NATION COMPUTED STRESS PSI DATE STRESS PSI AND (ANSI CONDITON PIPE STRESS PARA. REF.! ossioN press. AT1085,Peo 5616 8 8' '"' ' 7372 15,000 i 11 Normal 762 suu 12999 ottoN press. AT1EEMPmo 8157 occAssoNAL mionT a susTAiNeo Loao 464 18,000 ['j3 Upset Cat. I Max. occAmoNAL LoAo. OBE 6021 14642 [K -1.2] 5 suu men onssoNPassa. AflS81Psso g157 miowT a susTAINeo LoAo d6d 27,000 Faulted Cat. I Max. occAssoNAL Loao. SSE 11R?n b-d suu 70441 5 "8h osmoN press. AT Psia WElowT a suSTAINto LoAo occasional LoAo. ik-1 suu "*h passam enass. AT1085 Psio 5616 CAT. III Sys. Max. Faulted 818 M'0"Y & 808TA'"'D LOAD 6547 36,000 ircitxhng occasional LoAoSSE 19697 Non-seismic 31860 [K 2.4] h tion suu sa Tunnuat expansion THEAuAL ANCHOR moVEuGNT lo0El exPANsloN (10&S.3Al suu +sont 13 osm oN entas. AT lSEE Psic 5616 TwenuAL Max. Oper. weiowT a susTAINto LOAo 670 axPANesoN g, g'g [,7I 521 deg.F 660M Bend TwenuAL axPANeoN g ANcMon teoVERAENT local N/A sum pqqq

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'A' Cf RESPONSE TO PRELIMINARY NRC QUESTIONS REGARDING POINT BEACH ENERGY ABSORBER APPLICATION Questions: 1. Provide the proprietary version of Reference 3 which includes Sections 4 through 8. Answer: For a complete copy of Reference 3 please refer to Philadelphia Electric Company's submittal dated July 25, 1985, on the use of energy absorbers on the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. 2. Provide the input information on the sample piping analysis problem (Reference 2), including: geometry and material properties I response spectra or time histories modal information to go with frequency and damping Table la Answer: Please refer to Enclosure 1. Figures 1 and 2 for the piping geometry. The material properties are identified in the attached ME101 Input Card Images (Pages 1 through 9). The response spectra are shown in lines 462 through 502 of the Input Card Images. Mode shapes were determined and utilized in the computer run, however, they are not normal output data and are not provided. 3. Provide a description of the analytical methodology used in analyzing a piping system from beginning to end. This should cover all steps from the decisions involved in or the methodology relating to snubber removal, energy absorber installation, and final code evaluation results. Answer: The design process of piping systems supported with energy absorbers is essentially similar to that for systems supported with rigid supports and snubbers. For seismic analysis, the inelastic action of energy absorbers is accounted for by an equivalent linear elastic analysis method for response spectra-type analysis. Thus, normally acceptable seismic analysis methodologies, procedures, and code allowables used with linear elastic analysis of piping systems are applicable. Dissimilarities between energy absorber supported systems and traditional linearly supported systems are primarily limited to the design of the energy absorbers themselves and the method used to calculate equivalent linear response via the concept of modal damping ratio. 1 In the context of snubber elimination and replacement analysis, the following steps summarize the process utilized: i) All snubbers are assumed deleted. The remaining spring supports and rigid supports are incorporated in the reanalysis of the system with energy absorbers. System reanalysis and load cases considered are as described in. 4 1868a 1 4 1 _ - _ ~. _, _ _. _,. _,,_m,

W ii) By experience and engineering judgment, an initial number of energy absorbers are added to the system at some locations where snubbers existed. Through load case analyses and prudent iterations thereof, similar to the processes used in linear support systems, an optimum sizing and number of energy absorbers are determined. Results of the analysis are used in the evaluations of pertinent system's and support's parameters in satisfaction of existing project criteria. iii) Two linear response spectra dynamic analysis methods may be used for energy absorber systems. The first method involves specifying an equivalent stiffness based on which an optimum sizing of energy absorbers is determined by the computer program ME101. This method is described in detail in Section 6.2a of Reference 3. The second method involves specifying predetermined sizes of energy absorbers, the characteristics of which are used in an iterative ME101 linear analysis. The details of this method are described in Section 6.2b of Reference 3. 4. provide a description of the methods used in determining equivalent modal damping for a piping system with energy absorbers. Answer: The method for determining modal damping is described in Section 5.2 of Reference 3. 5. Does the licensee propose to perform nonlinear time history analysis for all systems with energy abaorbers: If linear response spectrum analysis is to be performed, how is it justified? Answer: The following methodologies are used in dynamic analyses of systems with energy absorbers: 1) Loads Defined in Terms of Response Spectra; an equivalent linear respense spectra analysis method is used. Refer to Section 5 of Reference 3, the Bechtel proprietary report for details, 11) Loads Defined in Terms of Time Histories; a nonlinear time history analysis method is used. Refer to Section 4 of Reference 3. This method is used for analy.ls of loads where time history analyses are traditionally used, such as water hammer. 6. How is damping due to yielding in the energy absorbers combined with piping material damping? Answer: Modal damping ratios due to energy dissipations in energy absorbers are calculated and added to the generic system damping to determine equivalent modal damping ratios. please refer to Section 5.2 of Reference 3 for the calculation of modal damping ratios due to energy absorbers. The generic 1868a 2

v y system damping used is determined from Regulatory Guide 1.61 or from the plant licensing commitments. At this time, no combinations of the energy absorbers' damping ratios and the alternative damping ratio in the ASME Code Case N-411 are used. 7. If a response spectrum analysis is performed and different damping values are used for each normal mode, how are spectral accelerations determined? Are different response spectrum curves used? If so, how are these curves generated? Answer: Refer to Section 6.3 of Reference 3. 8. Are the effects of high damping on the natural frequencies of the system considered: Answer: Piping systems modal frequencies are calculated without considerations of modal damping ratios, i.e., in an undamped state. In the equivalent linear analysis methodology of the Bechtel ME101 computer program, a maximum equivalent modal damping ratio of 30 percent is built-in. The undamped natural frequency will shift downward by less than 5 percent if the maximum damping ratio of 30 percent is accounted for. A maximum shift in natural frequency of 5 percent is considered negligible. 9. Are different damping values used for OBE and SSE load cases? Answer: Yes. Different modal damping ratios are calculated for OBE, SEE, or any load case combinations ::pecified for system design. 10. Since damping will be dependent on magnitude of displacement, can this lead to the anomaly in which OBE is the controlling case? Answer: Yes. In many cases. OBE may become a controlling load case depending on many factors, including the ratio of SEE/0BE, ratio of allowables to which the plant is committed, and the l existence of other loads and loading combinations. This is not considered to be an anomaly and is consistent with the situation on many existing operating and construction plants. Plants designed to Regulatory Guide 1.61 have an SSE/0BE ratio of less than two, and/or committed to earlier code allowables, and are in many situations controlled by the OBE load case. 11. How will other dynamic loads be considered, e.g., water hammer, normal vibration, etc? Answer: Load cases for which a force, displacement, or acceleration time histories are specified are analyzed using the nonlinear time history analysis capability of ME101. This includes water hammer. Steady state vibrations are typically evaluated by field observations and reconciliation rather than by detailed analysis. Normal steady state vibrations are kept 1868a 3

q within the endurance limits of the energy absorber plates. The Bechtel design of energy absorbers incorporates features aimed at facilitating field verification of steady state vibration effects. Endurance limit displacements of energy absorbers are well above those typically experienced during steady state vibrations. 12. For deadweight and thermal analyses, will energy absorbers remain 4 elastic? Will they be checked for each case? Answer: All load cases specified for system design are analyzed, including deadweight and thermal. Deadweight effects on energy absorbers are limited to 20 percent of the yield displacements as required by ASME Code Case N-420. Thermal expansion effects are typically maintained within the yield displacements of energy absorbers. However, this is not mandatory. If thermal expansion analysis of a given syste.n result in yielding of energy absorbers, appropriate considerations of fatigue effects are made in accordance with Code Case N-420. 13. How does strain due to static thermal loads affect the dynamic behavior of the energy absorbers? Answer: As described in Section 3 of Reference 3, static thermal expansion loads have no noticeable effects on the dynamic behavior of energy absorbers. Please refer to Section 3 and to References 10 and 11 of the report (Reference 3). 14. What is the energy absorber material? What stress-strain curve is used in the analysis? Answer: Materials used in the fabrication of energy absorbers are low carbon or stainless steels, in accordance with the requirements of Code Case N-420. Please refer to Section 8 of Reference 3 for materials used. In performing the analysis, load deflection curves derived from actual testing of prototypical sizes of energy absorbers ~and materials are utilized. For a description of the testing program, see-Section 8. For a description of the energy absorber characteristics curves, refer to Section 6.1 of Reference 3. 15. How will variations in material properties such as yield strength, elastic modulus, ductility, etc. affect the behavior of the energy absorbers? Answer: The extensive sensitivity studies, described in Section 4.6 of Reference 3, demonstrated lack of system sensitivities to reasonable variations in design parameters, which includes variations in energy absorbers' material characteristics and other system variabilities. It can be demonstrated that a 1868a 4

s

.5 properly supported system with energy ab'sorbers is less sensitive on the overall than a linearly supported system for reasonable variation in analysis / loading parameters due to the high damping effects of absorbers. 16. How will long term exposure to high temperature and radiation af,fect energy absorber performance? Answer: Energy absorbers are not intended for applications where severe neutron radiation fields exist. Thus, no appreciable effects on the material characteristics due to normal LWR ambient radiation levels are expected. This is consistent with the general use of ASME-type materials in nuclear plants' application. Normal ambient temperature effects on the material characteristics, if any, will be accounted for in accordance with the published ASME data on yield strength. Higher temperatures, if encountered, will enhance the material ductility, thus, will not result in degradation of fatigue endurance. 17. Justify the use of a safety factor of only 1.5 for the design fatigue curves (from Code Case N-420). Answer: The fatigue design of energy absorbers is in accordance with Code Case N-420. The specified minimum safety factor of 1.5, coupled with the fact that the fatigue design curve for energy absorbers is derived from testing of prototypical samples of actual units, results in a fatigue design safety factor consistent with many pressure boundary components under current ASME rules. Please also note that the Code Case specifies determination of an allowable number of cycles for a given strain level to be the smaller of Nmean or (Nmean - 28). whichexceedsnormallyacceptedstatistia2designbasis. Please refer to Section 8 of Reference 3 for more description on fatigue testing of energy absorbers. 18. Are all loads accounted for in the fatigue evaluation of energy absorbers, including normal vibration of piping? Answer: Yes. All loads specified for system design are considered in the fatigue design of energy absorbers. Please refer to the answer to Question 11 for consideration of steady state vibrations. 19. How does shakedown due to repeated cyclic loading affect the energy absorber damping repeatability? Answer: Repeatability of energy absorber supported systems has been a major subject of earlier studies. All testing referenced in the Bechtel report indicate a high degree of repeatability in spite of shakedown or other phenomenon. Please refer to Section 8 of Reference 3 for further discussions on repeatability of hysteresis from fatigue testing. 1868a 5

20. Since damping is highly dependent on the accurate calculation of displacement at the energy absorber locations, how will uncertainties in the modeling and in the dynamic analysis be addressed? Answer: Please refer to the answer to Question 15. 21. The report states that higher than design earthquake loads can be accommodated by the energy absorber. In light of the low safety factor on fatigue, how can this be justified? l Answer: If higher than earthquake design loads are known, specified and quantified, they would be analyzed in the same manner as design loads including fatigue effects. The statement in the report is intended to illustrate an inherent advantage of energy absorbers to accommodate high unanticipated / undesigned i for loadings, thus enhancing reliability. Energy absorbers are capable of accommodating a significant number of cycles of such unanticipated loads without detrimental effects on their fatigue endurance. Built-in features in the energy absorber design allow recording of resulting displacements if such an unanticipated loading occurs. This should provide useful data for later reconciliations and troubleshooting. 22. In the test data comparisons of response, are the comparisons done by time histories, peak responses, or some other method? Answer: Please refer to Section 4.5 of Reference 3. 23. In the U-loop test, how do responses compare between the energy absorber system and the non-energy absorber system at low input levels? Answer: In Reference 3, a brief summary of the U-loop testing series is presented to provide background. In the actual U-loop testing itself, numerous test runs with variations of loading intensities, support configurations . etc were run. Please refer to Reference 10 of the report for extensive discussion on the test and its results. In Reference 10, graphical comparisons between restrained and unrestrained configurations at various input levels are presented. 24. Since a piping system with energy absorbers will generally have { larger seismic displacement than one with snubbers, will potential interactions with other equipment and structures be checked for every case? Answer: Yes. All potential interferences will be checked. i 1868a 6}}

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