ML20213C528
| ML20213C528 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000925 |
| Issue date: | 10/31/2006 |
| From: | David Ferguson AECOM, ENSR Corp |
| To: | Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Tronox |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20213C536 | List: |
| References | |
| 04020-044 | |
| Download: ML20213C528 (46) | |
Text
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30 25 Cci' Co.'
20 TypicoJ Stiff Dio.gro.Ms of So.ndstone Units Co.tions 15 10 Hg Meq/L 5
10 C03+C03 Hg SO'I Cci' C03+C03 Hg S'I C03+C03 Hg S04 Hg ISO'!
Cci' C03+C 3 Hg S4 Nci+I<
Mg No.+l<_A----~---
~+1<
a Mg 15 20 Anions 25 30 35 40 45 50 1206 SEEP (SURF ACE \\./ ATER)
SANDSTONE A (\\./ESTERN PLUME)
\\./ELL 1350 SANDSTONE A (\\./ESTERN PLUME)
\\./ELL 1357 SANDSTONE B <BA#l AREA)
\\./ELL 1314 SANDSTONE B <BA#l AREA)
\\./ELL 02\\.140 55 SANDSTONE C (\\./EST CIMARRON SITD
\\./ELL 1321
$04 SANDSTONE C (\\./EST CIMARRON SITD
\\./ELL 1328 S04 SANDSTONE C (\\./EST CIMARRON SITD
\\./ELL 1332 S4 DESIGNED BY, REVISIONS FIGURE 4-1 STIFF DIAGRAMS FOR SANDSTONE UNITS
- SCALE, CIMARRON CORPORATION CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
- DATE, PROJECT NUMBER, 8/10/05 04020-044-200 EN:Rc INTERNATIONAL 4888 LOOP CENTRAL DR SUITE 600 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77081 PHONE, (7113) 520-9900 FAX, (978) 589-3100 IJEB, HTTP*/ /IJIJIJ.ENSRCM N,,
DESCRIPTION, DATE*
DRA'w'N BY*
11 6/17/05 JAS CHECKED BY, DJF APPROVED BY*
DJF BY*
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20 15 RIVER \\ti ATER STIFF DIAGRAM Typico.l Stiff Dio.gro.r1s of Alluvio.l Ca.tlons 10 CQ' Co.~
r,eq/L 5
CQ' Mg CQe::::
Mg NQ+K
~
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Hg NQ~*
Mg 5
Anions 10
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Mg S -4 No.+K~
Mg S-4 C03+C3
(
Mg S-4 No.+K Cl
+C3 Mg I
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r Mg FIGURE 4-2 STIFF DIAGRAMS FDR ALLUVIUM CIMARRON CORPORATION CRESCENT) OKLAHOMA ENSl INTERNATIONAL 4888 LOOP CENTRAL DR. SUITE 600 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77081 PHONE, <713) 520-9900
- SCALE, DATE*
PROJECT NUMBER*
FAX* <713) 520-6802 1 H= 80' 8/10/05 04020-044-200 IJEB, HTTP,//IJIJ\\,l,ENSR.COM 15
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's-4 20 BA #1 AREA
\\JELL 02\\J29 UNDERLAIN BY MUDSTONE BA #1 AREA
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\\JELL 02\\J 44 UNDERLAIN BY SAND BA #1 AREA
\\JELL 02\\J07 UNDERLAIN BY SANDSTONE BA #1 AREA
\\JELL 02\\./23 BEDROCK UNKND\\./N BA #1 AREA
\\./ELL 02\\./36 UNDERLAIN BY SANDSTONE BA #1 AREA
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\\./ELL T-74 UNDERLAIN BY SANDSTONE DESIGNED BY* I REVISIONS NO.* I DESCRIPTINi I DATE, I BY, DRAIJN BY*
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DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
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11 SCALE:
DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
1"= 80' 8/J0/05 04020-044-200 4888 LOOP CENTRAL DR. SUITE 600 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77081 PHONE: (713) 520-9900 FAX: (713) 520-6802 WEB: HTTP: //WWW.ENSR.COM JAS CHECKED BY:
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DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
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LEGEND
.:J Sandstone B Sandstone C Alluvium Alluvium (High-Mg)
C..
IM>J*CO, Stiff Diagram Representative of Groundwater Well Data for Particular Area s....~
G) r-3 TMW-18 Q
(Q]
02VV27
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FORMER BURIAL TRENCHES 1314 IQ]
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NO.:
DESCRIPTION:
SCALE:
1"= 80' IN BA #1 AREA CIMARRON CORPORATION CRESCEN~ OKLAHOMA DATE:
PROJECT NU~BER:
8/10/05 04020-044-200 IN T/:RNA TIONA L 4888 LOOP CENTRAL DR. SUITE 600 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77081 PHONE: (713) 520-9900 FAX: (713) 520-6802 WEB: HTTP: //WWW.ENSR.COM DRA'M'<I BY:
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High-Mg
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CATIONS Piper 20 No.+K HC 3 +CD3 20 1/.r,eq/l 40 ------v 60 Chloride (Cl)
ANIONS 80 Cl LEGEND:
D SANDSTONE B SANDSTONE C Q
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ALLUVIUM (high Mg) e CIMARRON RIVER w
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SULFATE TYPE WATER SCALE:
FIGURE 4-9 WATER TYPE DISTRIBUTION IN WEST ALLUVIAL AREA CIMARRON CORPORATION CRESCENi OKLAHOMA OATE:
PRo..ECT NUhABER:
1 11= 200' 8/10/05 04020-044-200
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5.0 Integrated Conceptual Model ENSR I AECOM I
I This section combines the geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical models for the BA #1 Area, Western Upland Area, and Western Alluvial Area and presents an updated CSM based on site data available as of 2006. The goal is to facilitate an understanding not only of the nature and extent of uranium impact, and the environment in which it is present, but of how the uranium is being transported, and expectations regarding its impact on potential receptors.
5.1 BA #1 Area The upland in the BA #1 Area is underlain by a sequence of sandstone and mudstone units, namely, from top to bottom: Sandstone A, Mudstone A, Sandstone B, Mudstone B, and Sandstone C (Figure 2 5).
The alluvium can be divided into a clayey transitional zone and a sandy alluvial zone. The transitional zone consists predominantly of clay and silt and overlies Sandstone B or Mudstone B (Figure 2-5). A paleochannel appears to exist in the transitional zone parallel to the northeast border of the upland, which may control the flow of groundwater in the vicinity of the upland (Figure 2-7). The alluvium consists of mainly sand and overlies Sandstone C and, to a lesser extent, Mudstone B (Figure 2-5).
Groundwater from the former disposal trenches in the BA #1 Area flows into Sandstone B, across a buried escarpment that separates Sandstone Band the Cimarron River Floodplain Alluvium, and then into and through the floodplain alluvium to the Cimarron River (Figure 2-5).
Three geochemically distinct types of groundwater are present in the BA #1 Area: a calcium bicarbonate water from Sandstone B; a calcium sulfate water from Sandstone C; and a magnesium bicarbonate water in the transitional zone (Figure 4-7). Both Sandstone B groundwater and Sandstone C groundwater are present in the sandy alluvium. The influence of Sandstone C groundwater discharging into the alluvium increases closer to the Cimarron River (Figure 4-7).
Nitrate and fluoride are detected in groundwater in this area at levels that are consistent with background.
5.1.1 Nature and Extent The only licensed material detected in the BA #1 Area at levels above the site-specific release criteria is total uranium. The spatial distribution of uranium concentrations detected in the vicinity of the BA #1 Area is illustrated in Figure 4-11. The uranium concentration varied from background concentrations to over 4,000 pCi/L based on the August/September 2004 data. The uranium-impacted groundwater, which has uranium concentrations exceeding the established site-specific groundwater release criteria of 180 pCi/L, has an elongated shape with the southern portion trending from southeast to northwest and the northern portion trending from south to north. The orientation and distribution of the impacted groundwater coincides with the location of a paleochannel discussed in Section 2.0 (Geological Conceptual Site Model), indicating that the migration of uranium near the escarpment may be controlled by the paleochannel. The numerical groundwater flow model (ENSR, 2006) replicates this groundwater flow direction based solely on the geologic conditions input to the model.
Uranium in all three types of groundwater found in the BA #1 Area is believed to be in the U6
+ oxidation state, with the anionic forms uranyl carbonates as the predominant species. Of all the uranium aqueous species present in groundwater, the divalent uranyl dicarbonate (UO2(CO3)2 2-) is by far the most abundant species at the concentration and pH ranges encountered at the site.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 5-1 October 18, 2006
ENSR j AECOM 5.1.2 Fate and Transport The primary mechanisms controlling transport for the U in groundwater in the BA#1 Area are advection (with the groundwater flow) and dispersion (spreading during transport). The numerical groundwater flow model (ENSR 2006), demonstrates that the directions of groundwater are to the northeast in Sandstone B, to the northwest in the transition area, and to the north in the alluvium, which is exactly the path taken by the U plume away from the burial trenches.
Flow in Sandstone B within the eastern BA #1 Area is mostly northeastward and is driven by a relatively steep hydraulic gradient (0.10 foot/foot) at the interface between Sandstone B and the floodplain alluvium. Once the groundwater enters the BA #1 Area transitional zone, the flow is refracted to a more northwest direction due to the presence of low-permeability clay northeast of the escarpment. These low-permeability sediments interrupt the northeasterly flow of Sandstone B groundwater and force it to flow along a southeastern-northwestern trending paleochannel containing relatively high-permeability sandy materials layered between the sandstone and the clayey material. The hydraulic gradient in the sand channel decreases to around 0.008 foot/foot due in part to the much higher overall hydraulic conductivity in the paleochannel compared to Sandstone B (10-3 cm/s versus 10-5 to 10-4 cm/s in Sandstone B) and the presence of a clay-rich barrier downgradient of the sandy paleochannel near TMW-9 and 02W01. In the sandy alluvium, the flow direction is northwards towards the Cimarron River, the groundwater discharge point. Calculated average linear groundwater velocities range from approximately 0.03 to 5 ft/day for the different geologic units.
As described in Section 3 above, the hydraulic gradients and flow directions do not change significantly over time. Therefore, rates and directions of contaminant transport are also unlikely to change significantly. It is possible that river flooding, surface water flow in the drainageways, and other short-term phenomenon could affect migration. However, these phenomena are by their nature of short duration. The migration of the U plume over the long term is controlled by the average hydraulic gradient and the nature of the geologic materials.
The principal factors controlling reactions of uranium during transport in groundwater at the BA #1 Area are pH, redox potential (Eh), ionic composition, and the physical characteristics of the subsurface materials as discussed in Section 4.4.
Uranium that was present in the waste materials buried in the former trenches in the BA #1 Area was leached out by infiltrating precipitation that percolated through the vadose zone into Sandstone B.
Uranium was most likely transported in the forms of uranyl dicarbonate and tricarbonate species given the oxidative conditions of groundwater (most groundwater samples in this area have oxidation-reduction potential greater than 100 mv), the near-neutral groundwater pH, and the results of speciation modeling.
Uranyl dicarbonate is an anionic species and tends to be adsorbed onto positively charged surfaces.
The potential surface for uranium adsorption at the site is likely to be iron hydroxides or oxides. Reddish colored clay, silt, and sand are widespread in the alluvium at the Cimarron Site, indicating the presence of iron hydroxides or oxides. At pH values encountered at the site (around 7), the surfaces of these minerals are positively charged, thus providing a favorable media for the adsorption of uranium.
Adsorption onto subsurface materials results in a retardation of uranium migration, which appears to have occurred in the transitional zone.
Adsorption of uranium onto subsurface materials has previously been studied at the BA #1 Area. Hazen (2002), contracted by Cimarron Corporation, conducted experimental studies to assess the distribution of uranium between groundwater and site soils using a batch test. That study yielded a uranium soil-water Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 5-2 October 18, 2006
ENSR : AECOM distribution coefficient (Kd) value of 3 milliliters per gram (mUg). In another study also conducted by Hazen on behalf of Cimarron Corporation and supervised by ENSR in 2006, dynamic column elution tests were performed using three types of aquifer materials and two types of groundwater from the site, The three types of materials represent three size fractions of alluvial soils including sand, silt, and clay.
The two waters were representatives of sandstone B and C waters. This study yielded Kd values of 0.5, 2.0, and 3.4 for sand, silt, and clay, respectively, indicating a clear size dependence. These results confirm that adsorption of uranium onto subsurface materials is occurring at the site and may influence the distribution of uranium in the subsurface.
Competition for adsorption sites from other anions may affect the adsorption of uranium onto soil particles. As discussed in Section 4.4, adsorption in low TDS and sulfate water is relatively high, and tends to decrease in high TDS and sulfate water due to increased competition for adsorption sites. The dynamic column elution tests discussed above also confirm that high TDS and sulfate water resulted in reduction of uranium Kd values. Therefore, in the transitional zone where the TDS and sulfate contents are low, conditions are more favorable for uranium adsorption. Uranium adsorption in the sandy alluvium is expected to be low or even negligible due to the presence of high TDS and sulfate water from Sandstone C. As a result, uranium in the sandy alluvium is thought to be more mobile than in the transitional zone. However, the actual rates of migration are also dependent on the relative velocities in the different geologic materials.
5.1.3 Impact to Receptors The impacted media in the BA #1 Area is the shallow groundwater. As a result, it poses little threat to human or environmental receptors. Access restriction to the site precludes any exposure to the general public. The primary receptor is the Cimarron River. A risk assessment (Roberts Schornick & Associates, 1998) showed there were no unacceptable risks associated with the U, nitrate, or fluoride in groundwater at the site under current and likely future use.
An estimate of the time for the uranium to reach the river, plus an estimate of the maximum concentration of uranium in groundwater that will reach the river, was submitted by Cimarron Corporation as an attachment to a March 31, 2004, letter to David Cates of the Oklahoma DEQ. The conclusions of the analytical modeling performed at that time indicated the leading edge of the uranium-impacted groundwater is not expected to reach the Cimarron River for over 1,000 years of migration, and even then the concentration of uranium in groundwater will be less than 2 pCi/L when it reaches the river.
5.2 Western Upland Area The Western Upland Area, which includes the former Uranium Pond #1, the 1206 Seep Area, and the former Sanitary Lagoons, is underlain primarily by Sandstone A, as shown in Figure 2-9. Sandstone B is exposed near the base of the drainage between the former Sanitary Lagoons and the former Uranium Pond #1 at the mouth of the drainage where it opens into the alluvial floodplain of the Cimarron River. In the vicinity of the BA #3 Area and the former Sanitary Lagoons, the upper part of Sandstone A is composed mostly of siltstone and shale, rather than sandstone (Figure 2-4).
Groundwater in the Western Upland Area is found in Sandstones A, 8, and C. Groundwater flow in Sandstone A follows topography over most of the Cimarron Site. In the Western Upland Area, the drainage between the BA #3 Area and the former Sanitary Lagoons acts as a local drain for groundwater in Sandstone A (Figure 2-10). Groundwater flows toward this drainage from the vicinity of the BA #3 Area, as this drainage is incised into Sandstone A and Mudstone A. The thick vegetation and groundwater seeps, such as those at the Western Upland Area, attest to groundwater discharge to this Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 5-3 October 18, 2006
ENSR AECOM drainage (thus becoming surface water) from Sandstone A. Although vertical downward gradients are likely in Mudstone A, the relatively higher permeability of the sandstone units results in preferred horizontal flow in the water bearing units compared to vertical flow across units. The hydrogeology of the Western Upland Area is discussed in Section 3.0 (Hydrogeological Conceptual Site Model) of this report.
5.2.1 Nature and Extent Elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater appear to be spatially related to the BA #3 Area. This disposal trench was excavated, surveyed by the NRC, and backfilled with clean soil prior to 1994. Thus, any remaining sources of uranium in Sandstone A may be secondary sources generated by precipitation of uranium in Sandstone A during the operational phase of the BA #3 Area, or sources related to material left in the trench at the BA #3 Area. Other constituents detected in the groundwater are reasonably typical for the Cimarron Site.
5.2.2 Fate and Transport Uranium has been detected in the Western Upland Area in only a limited number of monitor wells screened in Sandstone A near the BA #3 Area. This suggests diffusion and slow migration of uranium away from local "hot spots" related to the BA #3 Area.
The uranium transport mechanism in the Western Upland Area is uncertain. Based on observations in other areas, the primary mechanisms are expected to be advective transport and hydrodynamic dispersion. Because there is no well-defined groundwater plume in the Western Upland Area, formally evaluating the "fate and transport" of uranium in this area is not necessarily useful.
5.2.3 Impact to Receptors There is no present impact to environmental, biological, or human receptors in the Western Upland Area due to the localized nature of the elevated uranium concentrations detected in groundwater. A risk assessment has demonstrated that there is no unacceptable risk associated with exposure to the uranium, nitrate or fluoride in the seeps (Roberts Schornick & Associates, 1998).
5.3 Western Alluvial Area Alluvial sediments of the Cimarron River floodplain in the Western Alluvial Area consist predominantly of sand with minor amounts of clay and silt (Figure 2-9). The alluvial floodplain consists of groundwater in the alluvial floodplain sands that flow toward the Cimarron River under a very low hydraulic gradient. The hydraulic gradient is influenced by the stage of the Cimarron River and can on rare occasion temporarily reverse during periods of flooding by the river. Recharge to the alluvial floodplain comes from Sandstone A through seepage along the escarpment face, from Sandstones Band, and from precipitation.
There are two distinct types of groundwater in the alluvium: a calcium bicarbonate water; and a calcium sulfate water. Additional information on the various types of water encountered at the Western Alluvial Area is presented in Section 4.3.3 (Area-specific Geochemical Considerations - Western Alluvial Area) of this report.
5.3.1 Nature and Extent Impact in the Western Alluvial Area consists mainly of uranium in groundwater. Data from the August/September 2004 annual sampling event for the Western Alluvial Area is presented in Table 4-1.
The spatial distribution of uranium in groundwater in the Western Alluvial Area is shown in Figure 4-13.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 5-4 October 18, 2006
ENSR AECOM The uranium concentration varied from background concentrations to over 800 pCi/L based on the August/September 2004 data. The uranium-impacted groundwater, which has uranium concentrations exceeding the established site-specific groundwater release criteria of 180 pCi/L, has an elongated shape extending for the escarpment northwards approximately 900 ft towards the Cimarron River.
The impacts apparently originate near the mouth of the upland drainage that separates the former Sanitary Lagoons and the BA #3 Area. The uranium impacts parallel the trace of the former West Pipeline Corridor that was used to discharge wastewater to the Cimarron River from 1966 to 1970. The pipeline was removed in 1985, at which time the soil areas exceeding 30 pCi/g were excavated and backfilled with clean soil.
Nitrate and fluoride are also elevated relative to background in the Western Alluvium Area.
5.3.2 Fate and Transport The primary transport mechanisms within the Western Alluvial Area are probably advection and hydrodymanic dispersion. However, the current distribution of uranium in this area is not entirely due to transport, but also to leaks from the former pipeline. The sources for the uranium in this area include leaks from the pipeline, and also transport of uranium into the alluvium from the mouth of the drainage way. Recent installation of two wells in this area shows the presence of uranium in groundwater, and uranium is present upgradient in water at Seep 1206.
The groundwater flow and chemical transport directions in the alluvial materials are to the north towards the Cimarron River. Calculated average linear groundwater velocities range from approximately 0.9 to 1.5 ft/day.
As described in Section 3 above, the hydraulic gradients and flow directions do not change significantly over time. Therefore, rates and directions of contaminant transport are also unlikely to change significantly. It is possible that river flooding, surface water flow in the drainageways, and other short-term phenomenon could affect migration. However, these phenomena are by their nature of short duration. The migration of the U plume over the long term is controlled by the average hydraulic gradient and the nature of the geologic materials.
The relatively low clay content of the alluvial materials and the uniform geochemistry of non-licensed materials suggest that mass removal processes, such as adsorption, are not significantly affecting transport of the uranium.
5.3.3 Impact to receptors In the Western Alluvial Area, the uranium impact is farther from the Cimarron River, and uranium concentrations are lower than at the BA #1 Area. As in the BA#1 Area, the primary receptor is the Cimarron River. A risk assessment (Roberts Schornick & Associates, 1998) showed there were no unacceptable risks associated with the U, nitrate, or fluoride in groundwater at the site under current and likely future use.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 5-5 October 18, 2006
ENSR AECOM 6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Purpose and Objective Cimarron Corporation has investigated the geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry related to licensed material in groundwater at the Cimarron Site. The purpose of this CSM is to provide an overview of the geology and hydrogeology of the Cimarron Site, and to compile and integrate historical and recent site information into a focused comprehensive model of the BA #1 Area, the Western Upland Area, and the Western Alluvial Area.
The objectives of this CSM are twofold:
To provide a defensible integrated conceptual model understood by Cimarron, NRC, and Oklahoma DEQ personnel; and To provide a basis upon which groundwater remediation activities can be designed and justified.
This section summarizes the information presented in Section 5.0 (Integrated Conceptual Model) as a conclusion for each of the three areas of concern, and presents recommendations for moving forward.
6.2 BA #1 Area 6.2.1 Conclusion Assessment of the BA #1 Area is complete. Licensed material exists in shallow groundwater, migrating from former disposal trenches into Sandstone B, and then into the Cimarron River alluvium.
Groundwater monitoring results indicate that the maximum concentration of licensed material is decreasing slowly over time. The maximum concentration observed in the 2004 sampling events was less than 4,500 pCi/L. Monitoring results also show that impacted groundwater migrates through a permeable paleochannel in the alluvium, is slowed by a "barrier of low-permeability clay, and then progresses into a zone with higher permeability but a relatively flat potentiometric surface. Continued migration appears to be relatively slow.
6.2.2 Recommendation Cimarron Corporation intends to remediate groundwater exceeding 180 pCi/L in this area. Cimarron Corporation will submit a detailed remedial design to both NRC and Oklahoma DEQ. The design will include a post-decommissioning monitoring program to demonstrate compliance with groundwater decommissioning criteria.
6.3 Western Upland Area 6.3.1 Conclusion Assessment of the Western Upland Area is complete. Licensed material has been observed at concentrations typically less than 500 pCi/L in a few monitor wells in Sandstone A. These monitor wells are located near the BA #3 Area, which was decommissioned prior to 1992. Other nearby wells yield total uranium concentrations below 30 pCi/L (the MCL for uranium).
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 6-1 October 18, 2006
ENSR AECOM Impacted groundwater migrates from Sandstone A in the Western Upland Area into the nearby drainage way, where it combines with other seepage from both sides of this drainage. The impacted shallow groundwater in the Western Upland Area poses no threat to human or environmental receptors.
6.3.2 Recommendation Cimarron Corporation intends to remediate groundwater exceeding 180 pCi/L in this area. Cimarron Corporation will submit a detailed remedial design to both NRC and Oklahoma DEQ. The design will include a post-decommissioning monitoring program to demonstrate compliance with groundwater decommissioning criteria.
6.4 Western Alluvial Area 6.4.1 Conclusion Assessment of the Western Upland Area is complete. Licensed material has been observed at low concentrations (typically, less than 300 pCi/L) in alluvial materials immediately beneath the trace of a former pipeline. The pipeline was excavated in 1985; "source" material exceeding 30 pCi/g total uranium was removed by 1995. Because of the flat hydraulic gradient in this area, impacted groundwater appears to be moving very slowly.
6.4.2 Recommendation Cimarron Corporation intends to remediate groundwater exceeding 180 pCi/L in the Western Alluvial Area. Cimarron Corporation will submit a detailed remedial design to both NRC and Oklahoma DEQ.
The design will include a post-decommissioning monitoring program to demonstrate compliance with groundwater decommissioning criteria.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 6-2 October 18, 2006
I ENSR I AECOM I
7.0 References Adams, G.P, and D.L. Bergman, 1995. Geohydrology of Alluvium and Terrace Deposits, Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma. USGS WRI 95-4066.
American Society for Testing and Materials. 2003. E1689-95(2003)e1 Standard Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites Carr, J.E. and M.V. Marcher, 1977. Preliminary Appraisal of the Garber-Wellington Aquifer, Southern Logan and Northern Oklahoma Counties. USGS OFR 77-278.
Chase Environmental Group, Inc., 1994. Radiological Characterization Report for Cimarron Corporation's Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, Crescent, Oklahoma, October.
Chase Environmental Group, Inc, 1996. Groundwater and Surface Water Assessment for Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, Crescent, Oklahoma, December.
Chase Environmental Group, Inc, 2003a. Justification for Utilization of Fully Penetrating Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Shallow Alluvial Aquifer at the Cimarron Facility, January.
Chase Environmental Group, Inc, 2003b. Technetium-99 Groundwater Assessment Report for Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, Crescent, Oklahoma, December.
Cimarron Corporation, 1997. Groundwater Quantity and Quality in Vicinity of Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, Crescent, Oklahoma Cimarron Corporation, 1998. Cimarron Decommissioning Plan Groundwater Evaluation Report for Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, Crescent, Oklahoma, July.
Cimarron Corporation, 2003a. Burial Area #1 Groundwater Assessment Report for Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, January.
Cimarron Corporation, 2003b. Assessment Report for Well 1319 Area for Cimarron Corporation's Former Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Facility, December.
Cimarron Corporation, 2004. Letter to Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (addressed to David Cates), March 31.
ENSR Corporation, 2005. Refined Conceptual Site Model, Cimarron Site, Crescent, Oklahoma, August.
ENSR 2006. Groundwater flow modeling report. [correct citation when report is finalized]
Grant and Associates, J.L., 1989, Site Investigation Report for the Cimarron Corporation Facility, Logan County, Oklahoma.
Hazen, Research, Inc., 2002, Determination of Distribution Coefficients (Kd) for Uranium in Soils.
Langmuir, D. 1978. Uranium Solution-Mineral Equilibria at Low Temperatures with Applications to Sedimentary Ore Deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42:547-569.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 7-1 October 18, 2006
I ENSR i AECO:VI Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, 1999. Environmental Assessment by the Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards of the Proposed Decommissioning Plan and Other Proposals Related to the Cimarron Corporation Former Fuel Fabrication Facility, July.
Pettyjohn, W. A., 1983. Water Atlas of Oklahoma, University Center for Water Research, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Piper, A. M., 1944, A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analysis, American geophysical Union Transactions, v.25, p. 914 - 923.
Rockware Inc., 2004. RockWorks Ver.2004.
Roberts Schornick & Associates, Inc., 1998. Risk Assessment for Groundwater, Cimarron Corporation, Crescent, Oklahoma.
Stiff, H. A., Jr., 1951 The Interpretation of Chemical Water Analysis by Means of Patterns, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v.3, no. 10, p. 15-17.
Tortorelli, Robert L. and Lan P. McCabe. 2001. Flood Frequency Estimates and Documented and Potential Extreme Peak Discharges in Oklahoma. USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 01-4152.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA}, 1999. Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values: Vol. 11, Geochemistry and Available Kd Values for Selected Inorganic Constituents. EPA 402-R-99-004 A&B, August.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2000. Metal Speciation Equilibrium Model for Surface and Ground Water, MINTEQA2, Ver. 4.02.
United States Geological Survey, 1996. Groundwater Quality Assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma - Geochemical and Geohydrologic Investigations. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2357.
United States Geological Survey. Water Quality Samples for Oklahoma, USGS 07160000 Cimarron River near Guthrie, OK. USGS Web Site.
Wood, P.R., and Burton, L.C., 1968, Ground-water resources of Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 71, 75 p.
Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01) 7-2 October 18, 2006
ENSR AECOM Appendix A Stiff Diagrams for Wells Sampled August/September 2004 Report No. 04020-044 (Revision 01 )
October 18, 2006
Stiff Dio.gro.M Ca.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 10 15 02\\./04 Mg S4 No.+K __ _________
__._ ______ C_l 02\\./05 C3+CD3 Mg S4 02\\./06 Mg DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T E R N,J TIO N -J L DATE:
7/22/05 BA #1 AREA (1 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dia.gra.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 No.+K Co.
02w'07 Mg S4 No.+K CD3+C3 Mg S4 No.+K Cl 02w'10 CD3+CD3 Mg No.+K Co.
02w'll Mg S4 No.+K Cl Co.
Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TER N A T/O N,..J L DATE:
7/22/05 BA /11 AREA (2 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff DiugruM Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Nci+K Cl CD3+CD3 Mg SD4 Nci+K Cl 02\\./14 C3+C3 Mg S4 Nci+K 02\\./15 Mg S4 Nci+K 02\\./16 Mg S4 02\\./17 Mg S4 S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T E R N ATIONA L DATE:
7/22/05 BA #1 AREA (3 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions r,eq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Na.+K Cl 02\\J19 C03+C3 Mg S4 Mg S4 Na.+K Mg S4 Na.+K Ca.
02\\J22 Mg S4 Na.+K 02\\J23 Mg S4 Na.+K 02\\J24 Mg S4 DRAv.N:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T E R N A T/O N,-J L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (4 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.r1 Co. tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Mg Mg CD3+C3 Mg DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TEf, N,J T!O N,J L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (5 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dingro.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
10 15 Mg Mg No.+K 02\\./33 S4 Mg No.+K.;e-____
02\\./35 CD3+CD3 Mg S4 02\\./36 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TERN,1 TIO N,1 L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (6 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
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CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.rv-r Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 02\\J37 02\\J38 Mg Mg C03+C03 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TER N ATION AL DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (7 of 12)
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CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 NQ+K Cl CQ 02\\./43 Mg S4 NQ+K Cl 02\\./44 Mg S4 NQ+K 02\\./45 Mg S4 Cl 02\\./46 Mg S4 C3+C3 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TER N,, T/O N,JL DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (8 of 12)
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Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 02\\./53 02\\./62 Mg S-4 Na.+K S-4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T E R N,; T/u N,; L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (9 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
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Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions r,eq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 TM'w-13 Mg Mg S-4 No.+K TM'w-18 S-4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TER N A T/ ONA L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (10 of 12)
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Stiff DingrnM Ca.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Mg S4 TM\\./-23 Mg S4 TM\\./-24 Mg S4 Mg Mg S4 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TERN-, T/ON,JL DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA (11 of 12)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.r1 Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Mg CD3+CD3 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TERN-J T ! ON-J L DATE:
7/22/05 BA#1 AREA ( 1 2 of 1 2)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.M Ca.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Mg Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TEf? N_., TIONAL 7/22/05 WESTERN UPLAND AREA (1 of 4)
- Remediation DATE:
CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Na+K Cl Ca Mg S4 Mg Mg S4 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T ERN,-, T fL) N,-, L DATE:
7/22/05 WESTERN UPLAND AREA (2 of 4)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
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Stiff Dio.gro.M Co.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 C3+C3 Mg C3+C3 Mg SD-4 CD3+CD3 Mg SD-4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TERN~ TION~L
- Remediation DATE:
7/22/05 WESTERN UPLAND AREA (3 of 4)
CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
30 25 I N T E R N,, T/ ON,, L PROJECT NO.:
Stiff Dio.gro.M 20 Co.tions 15 10 Mg Mg Mg Mg
- Remediation 04020-044-200 Meq/L 5
DRAWN:
JAS CHECKED:
DJF DATE:
7/22/05 DRAWING NO.:
Anions 40 45 50 55 S4 S4 S4 S4 APPENDIX A STIFF DIAGRAMS WESTERN UPLAND AREA ( 4 of 4)
CIMARRON CORPORATION CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA
Stiff Dio.gro.M Ca. tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 C3+C3 Mg S4 N<1+K C<1 Mg S4 N<1+K C3+C3 Mg N<1+K T-63 C3+C3 Mg S4 N<1+K Cl T-64 C3+C3 Mg N<1+K C<1 C3+C3 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TER N,-, TILJ N,-, L 7/22/05 WESTERN ALLUVIUM AREA { 1 of 4)
- Remediation DATE:
CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
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Stiff Dio.gro.M CQtions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 Na.+K Ca.
T-66 Mg SD-4 Na.+K T-67 Mg S-4 T-68 SD-4 T-69 Mg SD-4 T-72 Mg SD-4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N TEH N -1 TIO N,J L DATE:
7/22/05 WESTERN ALLUVIUM AREA (2 of 4)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
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Stiff Dio.gro.M Ca.tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 T-73 No.+-...:;K:.-----------'--------e T-74 Mg S4 T-75 Mg S4 No.+K Cl Co.
T-76 CD3+CD3 Mg S4 No.+K T-77 CD3+C3 Mg S4 No.+K T-78 Mg S4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS IN T E R N,.1 TION,.1 L DATE:
7/22/05 WESTERN ALLUVIUM AREA (3 of 4)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
04020-044-200 DRAWING NO.:
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Stiff DingrnM Ca. tions Meq/L Anions 15 10 5
5 10 15 T-79 Mg NQ+K..,_ __
C_l T-81 CD3+C3 Mg T-82 Mg DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS DATE:
7/22/05 WESTERN ALLUVIUM AREA ( 4 of 4)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
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Stiff Diugrur1 Co.tions Meq/L Anions Mg S-4 Mg Mg S-4 DRAWN:
JAS APPENDIX A CHECKED:
DJF STIFF DIAGRAMS I N T ERN,..1 T/ON,..JL DATE:
7/22/05 CIMARRON RIVER ( 1 of 1)
- Remediation CIMARRON CORPORATION PROJECT NO.:
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CRESCENT, OKLAHOMA