ML20203L088
| ML20203L088 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | LaSalle  |
| Issue date: | 04/22/1986 |
| From: | Allen C COMMONWEALTH EDISON CO. |
| To: | Harold Denton Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| References | |
| 1565K, NUDOCS 8605010132 | |
| Download: ML20203L088 (18) | |
Text
-
. N Commonwealth Edison
!a ) One First N;tional Plaza, Chicago. Ithnoy k D j Address Reply to: Post Othee Box 767
\ < Chicago. Ilknois 60690 April 22, 1986 Mr. Harold R. Denton, Director Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555
Subject:
LaSalle County Station Units 1 and 2 petition for Disposal of Low Level Radioactively Contaiminated Sludge by Land Application Under 10 CFR 20.203(a)
Facility Operating Licenses NPF-ll and NpF-18 NRC Docket Nos. 50-373 and 50-374 References (a): May 23, 1985 letter from J. G. Marshall to W. J. Dircks submitting Petition for Disposal of Low Level Radioactively Contaminated Sludge by Land Application Under 10 CFR 20.302(a).
(b): September 17, 1985 letter from W. R. Butler to D. L. Farrar requesting Additional Information.
(c): February 24, 1983, IE Information Notice No. 83-05 Obtaining Approval for Disposing of Very-Low Level Radiation Waste 10 CFR Section 20.302.
Dear Mr. Denton:
Pursuant to 10 CFR 20.302, Commonwealth Edison is submitting this application for approval of proposed procedures to dispose of licensed material contained in low level radioactively contaminated sewage treatment plant sludge. We propose to dispose of this material by land application within the owner controlled area at LaSalle County Station. Justification for approval of this request is provided in the attachment to this letter.
This letter transmits a new petition totally superseding References (a) and (b) per conversation with Dr. A. Bournia. Incorporated in this submittal is the information originally contained in Reference (a) as well as that material requested for evaluation in Reference (b). This petition is based on the information provided in Reference (c). Included with the basic petition in the attachment are several appendices which provide supporting data.
//rbrh 8605010132 860422 PDR ADOCK 05000373 Iig h IfM X -
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H. R. Denton April 22, 1986 Please direct any questions you may IJave concerning this matter to this office. A fee remittance in the amount of $150.00 is enclosed pursuant to 10 CPR 170.
One signed original and forty (40) copies of this letter and the attachment are provided for your use.
Very truly yours, eful C. M. Allen Nuclear Licensing Administrator 1m Attachment cc: J. G. Keppler - Region III Region III Inspector - LSCS M. C. Parker - State of Ill.
Dr. A. Bournia - NRR G. J. Diederich - LSCS 1565K 1
J
ATTACMENT ON-SITE DISPOSAL OF LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED LSCS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP) SLUDGE INTRODUCTION The purpose of this document is to provide the necessary information to obtain NRC approval for the disposal of low level contaminated STP sludge by land application at LaSalle County Station (LSCS). The LaSalle STP produces approximately 200,000 gallons of wet sludge each year. This corresponds to approximately 305 cubic feet of sludge after drying to a concentration of approximately 70% solids on the drying beds.
This document describes the background of the problem, evaluation of disposal methods, justification for land application of STP sludge as the preferred method for disposal and a description of the proposed method of disposal.
BACKGROUND The disposal of contaminated STP sludge has been a probler since the beginning of the station's operation. The only isotopes found in the wet sludge thus far are Co-60, C0-58, and Mn-54. The initial data base used consisted of weekly samples from August through October of 1983. Subsequent samples of the STP aerobic digester collected quarterly have not indicated any significant change in the characteristics of the sludge. The 1983 data is summarized in Appendix C.
EVALUATION OF DISPOSAL PETHODS The following alternatives have been considered to deal with the disposal of the contaminated STP sludge:
- 1. Shipment to commercial waste disposal sites as dry active waste (DAW) for disposal.
- 2. On-site land application.
The first alternative is costly. Disposal costs are approximately $43 per cubic ft. of sludge including DAW box, burial and transportation. The second alternative considered was land application within the owner controlled area at LSCS. This method of disposal is the most cost effective and has less environmental impact than disposal in a commercially operated disposal site.
-- 2 --
JUSTIFICATION OF LAND APPLICATION The advantages of land application over disposal as DAW are:
- 1. Land application reduces the amount of DAW produced and therefore saves the limited disposal site space available to the industry.
- 2. The allowable volume which nuclear facilities ship to present disposal sites may be limited.
- 3. The radiological impact of on-site land application of STP sludge is insignificant because the total radioactivity content is barely above the detectable level.
IDNIRObMDITAL IMPACT Soil samples were collected to characterize the soils for the !
proposed site in accordance with Illinois Environmental Protection Agency I (IEPA) regulations (Title 35; Subtitle C: Chapter II; Part 391, Design Criteria for Sludge Application on Land). Physical and Chemical analyses of the soil samples showed that the proposed site is well suited for land application of sewage sludge in accordance with Illinois EPA guidelines (Appendix I).
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT To determine the radiological impact due to land application of low level radioactively contaminated sewage sludge at LaSalle Station, Ceco hired Sargent and Lundy to model the dose rates to workers and the public.
All exposures due to land application of sewage sludge at LaSalle shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable. The annual dose to any exposed individual shall be maintained below 1 mR/yr. Information on the land application site will be given in the station NGET training. Workers entering the site will be required to follow any applicable Health Physics-procedures and station directives. The disposal site boundaries will be clearly marked with signs and barrier ropes to limit access.
Calculations of dose rates to workers and to the general public were performed using the dose model provided by Sargent and Lundy. (See Appendix B and Appendix D for details.)
It is anticipated that the lake at LSCS will be opened to the public for fishing in 1986. Therefore, potential dose rates to individuals that will fish at LSCS have been calculated. This calculation is provided separately from that for members of the public that do not have reason to enter Ceco property (on which the proposed application site is located).
l
To determine the potential dose rates to individuals that will fish at the LSCS lake, the following assumptions were made:
- 1. An individual may go to the edge of the application site boundary, but not enter the application site since it will be roped off and signs will be posted.
3 2. An individual will not be at the edge of the application site for more than 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> per year.
To determine the dose rates to general members of the public, the following assumptions were made:
- 1. A member of the public will not be closer than 1,650 feet from the proposed site (the nearest point on the CBCo property line (see Appendix A)).
- 2. A member of the public could be 1,650 feet from the proposed application site for up to 8,760 hours0.0088 days <br />0.211 hours <br />0.00126 weeks <br />2.8918e-4 months <br /> per year.
To determine dose rates to workers, the length of time a worker may occupy the proposed application site was assumed to be 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> per year.
This is reasonable based on the fact that applications will be made at most two times per year.
DESCRIPTION OF LAND APPLICATION SITE The proposed land application site at LaSalle county Station is an area of approximately 45,800 square feet. It will be northeast of the plant on property controlled by CBCo (see Appendix A). The land application site will be roped off and posted with signs to control access during and after disposal. It will be anticipated that each year up to 1,830 square feet of the site will be used for land application. At this rate of usage, the site will be adequate for a period of at least 25 years assuming that once sludge is applied to an area it will not be reused. (If the rate of usage varies from 1,830 square feet per year, the life of the application site will vary accordingly.)
METHOD OF ANALYSIS The sludge will be sampled and analyzed after it has been pumped from the aerobic digester to the drying beds and dried to a cake. One composite sample, about 450 grams, will be collected from at least three different areas of the drying beds. Each aliquot used to make the composite will be approximately the same size. The sample will be counted on a GeLi l gamma ray spectroscopy system. The LLD for the detector will be at least SE-7 uCi/cc for the principal gamma emitters as defined by LSCS Technical Specifications (Mn-54, Fe-59, Co-58, Zn-65, Mo-99, Cs-134, Cs-137, Ce-141, and CE-144).
METHOD OF DISPOSAL The STP sludge will be applied to an approximately 45,800 square foot area near the STP in a specially marked zone within the owner controlled area. (Refer to Apperdix A.)
The following steps will be taken to dispose of the sludge:
- 1. Environmental Affairs Department of CECO will obtain a land application permit for sewage sludge from the IEPA.
- 2. The STP sludge will be concentrated in the digester, and pumped to a drying bed and dried to a cake (approximately 70% solids by weights).
- 3. As specified in the Method of Analysis section, an isotopic analysis will be performed on a composite sample of dried sludge from the drying bed. The total activity will be checked against an administrative limit of 1.76E-5 uCi/ dry gram of sludge. See Appendix D for determination of administrative Itait.
- 4. Sludge which contains less activity than the administrative limit will be periodically packed in LSA drums or DAW boxes, as necessary, until the designated land application time. The sludge will be land applied, at most, once in the Spring and once in the Fall.
- 5. Sludge exceeding the administrative limit will be disposed of as DAW in accordance with station Health Physics procedures and station directives.
- 6. Sludge which does not exhibit activity above the LLD will be considered non-radioactive and disposed of in accordance with IEPA regulations.
- 7. The dry sludge meeting the administrative limits will be transported in DAW boxes or LSA drums to the land appli-cation site by truck. This will minimize any potential spillage from occurring. The workers handling the disposal will be properly dressed in accordance with Station Health physics procedures and station directives.
- 8. The dry sludge will be distributed over the land application site which will be clearly marked with signs. In addition, the area over which sludge has been applied will be roped off and marked separately from the boundary of the disposal site.
- 9. The average activity per area will be 5.8E-8 Ci per square foot. The average application depth will be 2 inches. The sludge will be incorporated into four inches of soil using a six-inch disc (or equivalent methods) within three days of application. (This is in compliance with IEPA regulations pertaining to land application sites.)
- 10. Sludge will not be applied during periods when inclement weather is forecast for the area. This will prevent wind erosion or runoff leading to the transport of pollutants in accordance with the specifications of the IEPA Regulations.
- 11. The application site will be seeded within a week with a mixture of hardy native grasses. These grasses are selected for the ability to form a dense sod and for their adaptation to the environmental conditions of Northern Illinois.
- 12. Records on the number of gallons of sludge sent to the drying beds, a radionuclide analysis of the sludge, the amount of dried sludge produced in cubic feet, and the area over which sludge has been applied will be maintained.
CONCLUSION We request approval of this proposal for on-site disposal of low-level contaminated sludge at LaSalle county Station. The proposal meets all IEPA requirements and results in minimal additional radiation exposure to the general public. It has a direct benefit to both LaSalle and the nuclear industry by reducing the volume of DAW which would need to be disposed of at a regional waste storage facility.
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Appendix B -
Summary of Estimated Dose Rates to Workers and Members of the Public from Land Application of STP Sludge at LaSalle County Station DESCRIPTION HOURS /YR DISTANCE DOSE FOR 2.66E-3 C1 Co-60 (1)
A) Uor'cer in center 100 NA 1.0mR/yr of land applica-tion site (2)
B) Nearest individual 100 107ft S.lE-3mR/yr ~
fishing at LSCS (3) (33m)
C) Member of 8760 1650ft 9.6E-3mR/yr general public (503m)
(at nearest point on CECO. property .
line) (3)
(1) 2.66E-3 Ci Co-60 is expected to be the maximum total activity applied to the site. . Refer to Appendix D for calculations.
(2) Calculations of dose rates for Case A were performed using inform-ation.from Appendix E. Refer to Appendix D for calculations.
(3) Calculations of dose rates for Cases B and C were performed using information from Appendix F.
i
Appendix C Sanitary Treatment Plant Aerobic Digester Sludge Isotopic Summary for 03AUG83 to 04NOV33 Date Sampled Mn-54 Co-60 Cc-58 uCi/ml uCi/ml uCi/ml 03AUG83 ---
2.4E-8 ---
10AUGS3 4.8E-8 --- ---
17AUG83 1.8E-7 1.3E-7 ---
24AUC83 3.8E-8 5.6E-8 ---
31AUG83 ---
6.8E-8 3.6E-8 08SEP83 8.lE-8 6.lE-8 ---
14SEP83 7.lE-8 7.3E-8 ---
21SEP83 6.2E-8 1.lE-7 ---
29SEP83 1.2E-7 --- ---
060CT83 1.7E-8 3.6E-8 ---
130CT83 1.0E-7 1.lE-7 ---
270CT83 1.9E-7 8.33-8 ---
04NOV83 8.9E-8 --- ---
Sum 1.0E-6 7.5E-7 3.6E-8 Avg 9.lE-8 7.5E-8 3.6E-8 means that the isotope was not observed
- .~u - ---
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Appendix D Calculations -
Variables:
Let: Y = maximum allouable dose from the land application site -
(mR/yr), given requirement 1 mR/yr maximum dose to worker from the site.
C = conversion factor 1.7E-3 mR/yr per lE-6 uCi/cc of Co-GO ,
from Appendix E. .
F = dilution factor due to soil incorporation in sludge.
A = the concentration of Co-60 in uCi/cc which gives Y.
V = volume of dirt incorporated with sludge.
dirt ,
V = volume of dried sludge. I sludge T = maximum. total activity on land application site in 25 years.
Pd = % solids in sludge in digester.
Pb = % solids in dried sludge on drying beds. ;
Vd = volume of wet sludge in digester which is applied to drying beds per year.
Calculation of-the Administrative Limit Requirements / Objectives:
- 11. ::aximum allouable dose rate to a worker on the land application site in one year is 1 mR/yr.
- 2. II = estimated length of time worker will occupy site.
- 3. Site life greater than or equal to 25 years ( site life dependant on variations in sludge production per year).
- 4. !!aximum four inches of soil incorporated into 2 inches of sludge.
ImR/yr Y , mR/hr = -----------
H , hrs /yr Let H = 100 ( 1mR/yr)
Y , mR/hr = ----------- =
0.01 mR/hr i
(100 hrs /yr)
V +V dirt sludge l F= ---------------
, V = 2V therefore, F = 3 i
V dirt sludge sludge
4 Calculations (continued)
(Y) (F)
A = -----
(C) -
From Appendix E:
C= 1.7E-3 mR/hr per lE-6 uCi/cc Co-60 = 1.7E3 mR/hr uCi/cc Co-60 (0.01 mR/hr) (3)
A = ---------------------------- =
1.75E-5 uCi/cc Co-50 1.7E3 mR/hr per uCi/cc Co-50
---> Therefore, the administrative limit was chosen to be 1.76E-5 uCi total activity / dry gram of sludge.
- Mote all dose calculation will be done assuming that all the activity is Co-60 to be conservative. ,
The following is a simplified example to demonstrate the why this assumption is conservative:
lE-6 uCi/cc Co-60 1.3E-3 mR/hr Dose rates taken from Appendix lE-6 uCi/cc Co-58 .6E-3 mR/hr E, G, and H, respectively, for lE-6 uCi/cc Mn-54 .5E-3 mR/hr a source thickness of three inches, 100 m radius with no 2.4E-3 mR/hr , earth shielding or soil incorpor-ation.
When all the activity is assumed to be Co-60 this gives 3E-5 uCi/cc Co-60.
3E-S uCi/cc Co-60 --> 3.9E-3mR/hr Calculation of Maximum Total Activity on Site ~
(1.76-5 uCi) (Pd) (Pb) Vd gal 3735 cc 1 gram T = ------------------ ---- ----- x ------ x ------- x ----------- x 25 years (dry gram of sludge) (Pb) (100) year gal cc of wet sludge (1.76E-5 uCi) (.8) (70) (200,000 gal) (3785 cc) (gram) (25 years) Ci T = ----------------------------------------------------------- x ------
(gram) (70) (100) (year) (gal) (cc) lE05 uCi
--> ?= 2.65E-3 Ci total activity applied to site
I
\
1 Calculations (continued) !
i Calculation to Determine Dose to Individuals in One Year Case A: Dw = Dose to worker on the center of the application site,'
for H = 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> occupancy / year.
(C) (A) (H)
Dw = ---------
(F)
(1.7E3 mR/hr) (1.76E-5 uCi/cc Co-60) 100 hrs Du=---------~~------------------~~----- - - ' - ~ ~ - - - -
(uCi/cc Co-60) ,
(3) yr
--> ** Dw = 1 mR/yr Case B: D1 = Dose to near st individual with access to the edge of the application site via the lake for H = 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> occupancy / year. -
From extrapolation of Appendix F, -
dose rate at 33 m = 2.0E02 mR/(8760 hours0.101 days <br />2.433 hours <br />0.0145 weeks <br />0.00333 months <br />) (1 Ci Co-60) .
From Appendix A actual distance to edge of site from center
= 33 m.
(2.0E02 mR) (100 hrs) (2.66E-3 Ci Co-60)
D1 = ----------- --------- ------------------
(8760 hrs (yr) (1 C1 Co-60)
--> D1 = 5.lE-3 mR/yr Case C: Dgp = Dose to nearest member of the general public at owner controlled boundary nearest the land application site for n = 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> occupancy / year.
From Appendix A distance to nearest property boundary from center = 503 m.
From Appendix F dose rate at 503 m = 3.6 mR/(8750 hours0.101 days <br />2.431 hours <br />0.0145 weeks <br />0.00333 months <br />) (1 Ci Oc-50)
(3.6 mR ) (8760 hrs) (2. 55E-3 Ci Co-60)
Dgp = ---------- ---------- ------------------
(8760 hrs) (yr) (1 Ci Co-60)
--> Dgp = 9.6E-3 mR/yr 00 Note all dose rates were calculated assuming all the activity is Co-GO. Therefore, the actual dose will be less than 1 mR/yr.
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APPENDIX F
. Cales. For Caf e. No.C[-/h- [ f SARGENThLUNDY -
iRNWNEERS Rev. U Date C *-"C "
Safety-Related N or.-Saf ety-R elated Page 9 of Client Prepared by Date Project Reviewed by Date Prof. No. 5921-00 Equip. No. Approved by Date I SC.hTTG R DOSE RATE vs DISTANCE FO.e Ici of CO-/O i
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- i APPENDIX I SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND APPLICATION SITE AT LASALLE COUNTY STATION The following summarizes the Environmental Affairs Department's activities to date regarding the development of the subject site.
A site, approximately three acres in size, considered geographically and topographically acceptable for sewage sludge application was identified in June, 1984. Soil samples were collected to characterize the soils of the proposed site in accordance with Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) regulations (Title 35; subtitle C; Chapter II; Part 391, Design Criteria for Sludge Application on Land). These samples were submitted to SMAD for chemical and physical analysis.
The results of these analyses are enclosed as Attachment 1. Data from the physical soil analyses indicate that the surficial soils of the proposed site (i.e., 0-24 inches below the surface), as well as the shallow subsoil (24-36 inches below the surface), are all loam soils. The geology of the station area suggests that these soils were probably derived from glacial till and, therefore, should be considered loam tills. Through use of the LaSalle County soil Survey (Soil Conservation Service, 1972), it has been determined that the soils of the proposed land application site are part of the Flanagan/ Drummer /Catlin soil association. These soils are considered very good agricultural soils; the soil Conservation Service places no restrictions on their use. The soils of this association are also considered acceptable for use as a land application site by the IEPA (Section 391.404j).
Consideration of the chemical analyses performed on the soils of the proposed site also suggests that the site is acceptable for land application of sewage sludge. Soil pH levels of all samples are equal to or in excess of the IEPA limit of 6.5 (Section 391.404d). The cation exchange capacity of all soil samples is far in excess of the minimum required for sewage sludge application (5 meq/100 g). The soluble salt content of the soils is not considered excessive by agronomic standards.
To summarize, it would appear that the proposed site is well suited as a location for the land application of sewage sludge. Since the amounts of sludge that would be land applied annually are thought to be relatively small, it is unlikely that the capacity of the proposed site would be exceeded.
1565K
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