ML20198L673
| ML20198L673 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000578 |
| Issue date: | 01/17/1983 |
| From: | Bauer T, Hayes C HAWAII, UNIV. OF, HONOLULU, HI |
| To: | NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS) |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20198L646 | List: |
| References | |
| 21888, NUDOCS 8606040368 | |
| Download: ML20198L673 (88) | |
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University of Hawaii at MaSa
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Office of Environmental Health and Safety M'
'c Physical Plant Building.2002 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Telephone (808) 948-8660 Januey,g1983-N; /*
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, ~t py Radioisotopes Licensing Branch
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.t Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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Dear Sir:
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The following is in reply to your letter dated November 29,i 5f.2. Je L
support of renewal request of special materials license SNM-5%.
1.
Radiation Safety Training is described in the radiat:ce safc* $
manual Part II.A. 10, 11, 12 (copy attached). All rs;uirteente of the radiation safety guide and the radiation safe *J coce:tte apply to the use of materials under license SNM-536.
Formal radiation safety courses are offered by the ratistion safety office each semester. The formal presentation is 4 !scrs it duration and includes the following topics:
Radiation safety program at U.H. and relationship to the n 1.
2.
Basic concepts of radiation and radioactivity.
3 Basic mathematical and statistical considerations.
4.
Biological effects.
5 Working with radiation and protecting the unborn (rar.
s guide 8.13).
Occupational risk from radiation exposure (rer guis I N 6.
All radiation workers are required to complete, sign, and # "
the Radiation Safety Office a statement of traininf and experless I t sk.
(RS0-Z attached) before working with radioactive materialc.
the responsibility of the authorized user to ascertain that ea t worker under his direction is properly trained in radiation safeti.
8606040368 860325 REG 5 LIC70
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.COPJ SENT REGION _I //
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER Q
Page 2 January 17, 1983 Initial training specific to the Pu -Be source is conducted by Dr. Hayes for all workers and ancillary personnel. Training 2s reneated annually prior to the use of the source.
2.
Radiation detection instruments include nn; tron sensitive personnel badges, neutron sensitive source monitor TLD badge, and Nuclear Chicago Model 931 neutron dosimeters. One Universal Nuclear BF3 Counter is owned by the University and available for surveys.
3 Item 4.5.2 should read 1.25 mrem / quarter as submitted in the previous renewal application dated December 6, 1977
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/ sis! / mA f/Dr. Charles Ha s"
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P fessor, Ph sics
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(%t t& b 3.4-Q Thomas J/. Bauer Radiation Sdfety Officer f
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Ferm RS0-E 9/82 STATEi)EllT OF TRAIdIliG AtlD EXPERIEllCE*
Frin. Inv.
(To be completed by all personnel working with radioactive materials) liame Dept.
Ext.
Classification (e.c., Senior Staff l: ember, Tech., Crad. Student)'
0 THE
.i TYPE OF TRAliiII!G UhERE TRAINED D RA 0 F
g TiaII:I!!G A.
Principles and practices Yes i:o Yes
!!o of radiation protection B.
Radioactivity measurement, standardi::ation and Yes 1:o Yes t'o monitoring techniques and instruments C.
iiathematics and calcu-Yes I:o Yes No lations basic to use and raeasurecent of radioactivity D.
Biological effects of Yes No Yes No radiation RADIGIS0TCPE HANCLIi!G EXPERIEf!CE ff0 i
ilHE E E i!CE
,fli F
TYPE OF USE ISOTOPE L
EXPERIE!!CE l
Have radiation exposure records been maintained for you at another institution?
If "Yes", inoicate the address where these records may be Yes "o
obtained and the dates these records cover.
I have read and I will abide by the Lniversity Eeculations as set forth in the Radiation Safety i'ianual.
Signature Cate
- If additional space is needed, use the back of this sheet.
Return original to the Radiation Safety Office, Facilities iianagement, Physical Plant Lide.
f RADIATION SAFETY fiANUAL UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PREFACE Major advances in science have been accomplished through the use of radioactive materials and the applications continue to expand. Since questions concerning the effects of low level radiation exposure are still being debated, the basis principles of radiation protection and control must be continually practiced.
Indeed, we all have an obligation to keep radiation doses to radiation workers and to the general public as low as reasonably a_chievable (ALARA).
As a condition of applicable State requirements and the University's NRC license to possess and use licensable radioactive materials, every radioisotope user must be familiar with the contents of this manual and shall follow established safe practices in the use and handling of radio-isotopes and radiation producing sources.
This manual is for your individual reference while working with radio-active materials and other potentially hazardous radiations at the University of Hawaii.
It may be updated as required with replacement pages to modify
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procedures and forms. Should you discontinue work at the University of Hawaii with applicable materials or devices under the Radiation Safety Program, please return this manual to the Radiation Safety Office.
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[ Marvin Anderson Interim Chancellor University uf Hawaii, Manoa October 1981 MANUAL SERIAL NUMBER ISSUED TO NRc-slu mst uwcwed. O-mSM Revised October 1981
f RADIATION SAFETY EMERGENCY NUMBERS (Call in this order until one person is notified)
Days (8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.)
Mr. Thomas J. Bauer 8591 Mr. Robert B. Hall 8660 Dr. Clair E. Folsome 8386 Dr. Jim Bearden 548-8561 (Cancer Center)
Campus Security (before 4:00 p.m.)
0 Nichts/lfeekends/ Holidays Mr. Thomas J. Dauer 947-9654
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Mr. Robert B. Hall 262-4412 Mr. Roy Y. Takekawa 941-6379 Dr. Clair E. Folsome 524-5756 Campus Security 8963
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ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1
PART I--ADMINISTRATION 2
A.
University of Hawaii Administration 2
B.
Radiation Safety Committee 2
C.
Program Execution 3
D.
Radiation Safety Officer Responsibility 4
E.
Authorized User F.
Radiation Workers 5
PART II--POSSESSION AND USE OF SOURCES OF RADIATION 6
A.
1.
Authorization (Foms & Procedures Required) 6 2.
Approval For Use and Possession (Forms) 7 3.
Biennial Renewal 7
4.
Amendments (Forms & Procedures Required) 7 5.
Procurement (Purchase & Transfer) Approval 7
6.
Purchases (Fonns & Procedures Required) 8 7.
Transfers (Procedures) 8 8.
Delivery of Radioisotopes 8
9.
Safe Openina of Packapes 9
10.
Registration and Training Records of Personnel 9
- 11. Training in Radiation Safety 9
12.
Instructions to Personnel 10 13.
Physical Examination Requirements,-(Bioassay) 11
- 14. Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Waste Materials 11
- 15. Control of Radiation Exposures 11 B.
X-ray and HF Generators 12
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iii C.
Laser Safety Program 12 D.
Other Radiation Programs 13 PART III-- LABORATORY STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES 14
'A.
Laboratory Facilities 14 1.
Approved For Use 14 2.
Radiochemical Laboratory 14 3.
High Level Laboratories 14 B.
Laboratory Equipment 14 C.
Fume Exhaust Hoods 15 D.
Protective Clothing 15 E.
Contamination Control 15 1.
Personnel 15
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2.
Pipetting 15 3.
Contaminated Area (Defined) 16 4.
Contamination 16 5.
Contamination Criteria 16 6.
Decontamination (General Procedures) 16 7.
Notification (RS0) 17 F.
Storage, Transportation and Handling 17 G.
Waste Storage (In Laboratories) 18 H.
Waste Disposal (Also see Appendix D) 18 1.
General 18 2.
Disposal by Release into Sanitary Sewer Systems 19 3.
Liquid Wastes 19 4.
Solid Wastes 19 i
f iv 5.
Gaseous Wastes and Air Contaminants 20 6.
Biological Wastes 20 7.
Records 20 PART IV--PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES 21 A.
Surveys 21 B.
Personr.el Dosimetry 21 1.
Authorized User Responsibility 21 (a) Individuals Entering a Restricted Area 21 (b) Individuals Under 18 Years of Age 21 (c) Individuals Entering High Radiation Areas 21 2.
Pocket Dosimeters 22 3.
Personnel Dosimetry (where obtained) 22 C
4.
Pocket Dosimeter Records (High Radiation Area) 22 C.
Definitions 27 1.
Personnel Monitoring Equipment 22 2.
Radiation Area 22 3.
High Radiation Area 22 D.
Radiation Warning Signs, Labels, Signals and Controls 23 1.
CAUTION - RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS 23 2.
CAUTION - RADI0 ACTIVE AREA 23 3.
CAUTION - HIGH RADIATION AREA 23 (a) Controls and Control Devices 23 (b) Comittee Approved Alternatives 24 4.
CAUTION - HIGH RADIATION AREA 24 (a) X-ray devices, Accelerators, etc.
24 5.
CAUTION - AIRBORNE RADI0 ACTIVITY AREA 24
f iv 5.
Gaseous Wastes and Air Contaminants 20 6.
Biological Wastes 20 7.
Records 20 PART IV--PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES 21 A.
Surveys 21 B.
Personnel Dosimetry 21 1.
Authorized User Responsibility 21 (a) Individuals Entering a Restricted Area 21 (b) Individuals Under 18 Years of Age 21 (c) Individuals Entering High Radiation Areas 21 2.
Pocket Dosimeters 22 3.
Personnel Dosimetry (where obtained) 22
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4.
Pocket Dosimeter Records (High Radiation Area) 22 C.
Definitions 22 1.
Personnel Monitoring Equipment 22 2.
Radiation Area 22 3.
High Radiation Area 22 D.
Radiation Warning Signs, Labels, Signals and Controls 23 1.
CAUTION - RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS 23 2.
CAUTION - RADI0 ACTIVE AREA 23 3.
CAUTION - HIGH RADIATION AREA 23 (a) Controls and Control Devices 23 (b) Conunittee Approved Alternatives 24 4.
CAUTION - HIGH RADIATION AREA 24 (a) X-ray devices, Accelerators, etc.
24 5.
CAUTION - AIRBORNE RADI0 ACTIVITY AREA 24 J
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CAUTION - RADI0 ACTIVE CONTAMINATION 25 E.
Labeling of Containers 25 1.
Stick-on Type Signs, Tags, Tape 25 2.
<1 pCi Exception 25 3.
Labeling of Sealed Sources 26 F.
Radiation Warning Sign Exceptions 26 1.
Rooms Containing Sealed Sources 26 2.
Radioactive Materials Being Constantly Attended 26 3.
Radioactive Materials Prepared For Transport 26 PART V--PERMISSIBLE DOSES, EXPOSURE LEVELS AND CONCENTRATIONS 27 l
A.
Ionizing Radiation 27 1.
Exposure Limits in Restricted Areas as per Table I 27 2.
" Restricted Area" Defined 27 3.
Whole Body Dose (Limitations) 27 4.
Personnel Under Age 18 (Exposure Limitations) 28 i
B.
Exposure to Airborne Concentrations in Restricted Areas 2C C.
Permissible Levels of Radiation in Unrestricted Areas 28 1.
Pemissible Dose in any One Hour 28 i
2.
Pemissible Dose in any Seven Consecutive Days 29 i
3.
Pemissible Dose in any One Calendar Year 29 PART VI--REQUIRED RECORDS, NOTIFICATIONS, AND REPORTS 30 A.
Surveys 30 l
B.
Personnel Dosimetry 30 i
C.
Bioassays 30 D.
Inventory 30 i
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vi E.
Leak Testing 30 l
F.
Spills and Contamination G.
Personnel Contamination 31 H.
Chances in Authorization (Possession, Use, etc.)
31 APPENDIX A--SAf1PLE FORMS 32 APPENDIX B--SAFE OPENING OF PACKAGES 4?
i APPENDIX C--BI0 ASSAY REQUIREMENTS 44 APPENDIX D-PACKAGING AND WASTE DISPOSAL, PROCEDURES 46 APPENDIX E--OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL HOODS 52 r
APPENDIX F--MONITORING PROCEDURES 55 APPENDIX G--QUANTITY LIMITS OF RADI0 ISOTOPES 59 APPENDIX H--CONCENTRATIONS IN EFFLUENTS 60 APPENDIX I--INSTRUCTIONS FOR ANIMAL CARETAKERS 66 APPENDIX J--LEAK TESTING 68 APPENDIX K--RADIATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 71 1
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vii DEFINITIONS University The term " University" means the University of Hawaii and applies to all locations which are owned or con-trolled by the Board of Regents and are under the administrative control of the President of the Univer-sity or his duly appointed delegates.
Committee Means the Radiation Safety Committee of the University of Hawaii.
State Means the State of Hawaii and any of its aoencies empowered to establish regulations regardino radiatinn and radioactive materials.
Nuclear Reaulatory Means the United States Nuclear Requlatory Comission Comission (NRC) or any successor thereto.
Radiation Sources Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation at levels or amounts that are considered hazardous to the health and safety of University personnel as established by law and other recognized standards approved by the Committee.
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Radioactive Materials Means any material which emits by spontaneous nuclear disintegration corpuscular or electromagnetic emanations.
Ionizing Radiation Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly, in its passage through matter.
Includes gamma rays and x-rays; alpha and beta particles, electrons, neutrons, protons, and other nuclear particles; but not sound or radio waves, or visible infrared or ultraviolet light.
Radioisotope Unless otherwise specified by the Radiation Safety Com-mittee, for purposes of this manual the word "radioiso-tope" means any material, solid, liquid, or pas which emits radiation spontaneously.
Radioisotooe Is defined as any room (except those containino on1.v Laboratory sealed sources or used exclusively for storage) which contain radioactive materials in amounts in excess of 5 millicuries of natural uranium or thorium, or more than exempt quantities of any other radioactive material.
Radiation Worker Any person who works with radiation sources. The Prin-cipal Investigator and the Radiation Safety Officer will decide if an individual is a radiation worker.
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r viii Background Radiation Radiation arising from sources other than the one directly under consideration.
Principal Investigator The person in charge or responsible for a radiological project who has been approved on an Application for Use of Radioactive Materials or Ionizing Radiation Devices.
Shall "Shall" indicates reconinendations that are to be applied, when possible, in the interest of minimizing radiation exposure.
Curie (Ci)
Amount of radioactive material defined as the cuantity of any radioactive material in which the number of disintegrations per second is 37 billion (3.7 x 1010),
Millicurie (mci)
One thousandth of a curie,7).z. 37 million disintegra-vi tions per second. (3.7 x 10 iiicrocurie (uCi)
One millionth of a curie, viz. 37 thousand disintegra-tions per second =6 2.22 million disintearations per minute (2.22 x 10 ),
Rad
" Rad" means a measure of the dose of any ionizing radia-tion to body tissues in terms of the energy absorbed per
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unit of mass of the tissue. One rad is the dose corres-ponding to the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of tissue (1 millirad (mrad) = 0.001 rad).
" Rem" means a measure of the dose of any ionizing radia-tion to body tissue in terms of its estimated bioloaical effect relative to a dose of 1 roentgen (r) of x-rays (1 millirem (mrem) = 0.001 rem). The relation of the rem to other dose units depends upon the biolonical effect under consideration and upon the conditions for irradiation. Each of the following is considered to be equivalent to a dose of 1 rem:
a.
A dose of 1 r due to x or gamma radiation; b.
A dose of 1 rad due to x, gamma, or beta radiation; c.
A dose of 0.1 rad due to neutrons or high energy protons; d.
A dose of 0.05 rad due to particles heavier than pro-tons and with sufficient energy to reach the lens of the eyes.
Dose The quantity of radiation absorbed per unit of mass by the body or any portion of the body.
Dose Rate Radiation dose received per unit time.
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Maximum Permissible The maximum radiation dose that the body of a person Dose or specified parts thereof shall be allowed to receive in a stated period of time.
Film Badae A film dosimeter--a pack of photographic film and appropriate filters used for the detection of ionizing radiation exposure to the individual wearino the badoe.
TLD Dosimetry A thermoluminescent dosimeter--a crystal having ther-moluminescent properties used for personnel and environ-mental monitoring. Normally used by persnnnel for the detection of ionizing radiation exposure to the indi-vidual wearino a TLD badge.
Pocket Dosineter Pocket ionization chamber, an instrument that measures radiation dose. The term usually implies an integrating device to be worn by an individual.
Maximum Permissible The maximum concentration of radioactive materials in Concentration the air, water and/or food that may be inhaled or ingested resulting in a maximum permissible cuantity in the body of some specific organ, which will result in a maximum permissible dose.
Units are pCi/ml and/or C
pCi/ gram.
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,.3 INTRODUCTION RADIATION HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM University of Hawaii The University of Hawaii has a moral and legal obligation to establish work practices which would provide a safe and healthful environnent for stu-dents, employees, and the general public who participate in official campus activities.
Because of potential hazards involved in the use of radioactive materials and radiation emitting devices, the University administration recognizes t e need for a, Radiation Health and Safety Program. The program is intended to protect personnel from unnecessary radiation exposure, to prevent contamination of our natural resources and to meet the State and Federal regulations govern-C ing the possession and use of radioisotopes and radiation producino sources.
To that end, this Radiation Safety Manual has been prepared by the Radiation Safety Comittee and approved by the President of the University.
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The Radiation Safety Manual establishes procedures and regulations gov-erning the safe use of sources of radiation at the University of HawaiiSidhi h..
conform to the guidelines, standards, and regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Law i
(H0SHL). This manual has been incorporated into and thus constitutes a por-tion of NRC license number 53-00017-23 originally issued to the University of Hawaii, Auaust 10, 1971. Adherence to these procedures and reculations is j
therefore, mandatory.
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2 PART I--ADMINISTRATION In conformance with pertinent sections of the Nuclear Regulatory Comis-sion (NRC) Rules and Regulations and the Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health i
Law (HOSHL) requirements, the following administrative structures and proce-dures have been established.
A.
University of Hawaii Administration The President of the University of Hawaii is responsible to the NRC for the utilization and maintenance of the by-product materials license and to H0SHL for compliance with published standards, rules, and regula-tions relating to hazardous radiations.
For administrative purposes, these responsibilities have been deleoated to the Chancellor of the Uni-(
versity of Hawaii, Manoa.
B.
Radiation Safety Committee A Radiation, Safety Committee (Committee) is appointed by the Chancel-lor. The Committee membership includes the Radiation Safety Officer; the Director, Office of Environmental Health and Safety (0EH & S); the Director of Research or his delegate; and four or more members actively engaced in i
research involving sources of radiation. The Chancellor designates the Committee Chainnan. The Director, OEH & S, acts for the Chairman in his absence. The Committee will meet as often as required to carry out its responsibilities but will meet no less than semi-annually.
The Committee makes recomendations for the Chancellor's approval to establish policies and procedures for the control of acquisition, receipt, storage, use, and disposal of sources of radiation.
3 The responsibilities of the Radiation Safety Coninittee include but are not restricted to those presented below. The Comittee has full authority to discharge these responsibilities.
1.
Receive and review all proposals for use of radioisotopes or other sources of radiation at the University of Hawaii. Approval will be given only when the program is deemed adequate from the standpoint of safety.
2.
The Comittee will prescribe special conditions and procedures, when necessary, to ensure maintenance of sound practices of radiolooical health. Such conditions may include, but are not restricted to, bio-medical tests on users, requirements for additional training, limi-tations of areas or locale of use and specification of the type and
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frequency of personnel and area monitoring.
3.
The Committee will serve as a source of infonnation on radiological safety, will disseminate pertinent information to all users or to individuals and will provide guidance in the training of users with regard to source materials, courses, and other means of improving the level of expertise.
C.
Proaram Execution With delegated authority to act for the Chancellor, the Director, OEH & S, is responsible for the execution of the Radiation Health and Safety Program. A Radiation Safety Officer (RS0), reportinn to the Director, OEH & S, is assigned to direct the Radiation Safety Office.
The primary responsibility of the RSO is to monitor the adherence to the regulations set forth in this manual.
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4 The Director, OEH & S, shall make periodic reports to the Ci'ancellor or his delegate and to the Committee Chainnan regarding radiation safety activities and on specific problems that require Comittee attention and/or reconnendations for action (s).
D.
Radiation Safety Officer Responsibility The Radiation Safety Officer is authorized to make inspections and surveys, to monitor all use of radiation sources, and to review any records required by this manual and applicable State and Federal regula-tions.
The RSO assists and advises users on matters of radiation health and safety in such a manner as to assure a minimum of delay and inconven-ience to their research. The RSO assists the users in observino proper
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safety precautions and assures all concerned that adequate measures of
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safety are being practiced.
In the event of any violation of these regulations or discovery of unsafe conditions, the RSO shall brino this matter to the attention of the authorized user.
If no corrective action is takan, the RS0 has the authority to impose cessation of the operation and/or to confiscate radio-active materials. The RSO shall promptly report all serious instances of non-compliance to the Director, OEH & S, and to the Chainnan of the Com-mittee.
The RSO is responsible for the maintenance and control of all central recordkeeping requirements including the registration of sources of hazard-ous radiation, authorized users under the program, inventory of radioactive materials, disposal of radioactive waste, inspection reports, monitoring 4
5 records and other records required by the NRC, HOSHL, and other enforcing agencies. The RSO shall make periodic reports to the Director, OEH & S.
In the absence of the Radiation Safety Officer, such as leave or ill-ness, the Radiation Safety Technician, if deemed qualified by the Director, OEH & S, and the RSO, shall act on his behalf.
E.
Authorized User The chief person or the Principal Investigator for a University pro-ject (s) involving radioactive materials is considered the authorized user.
l He or she is responsible for maintaining a safe and healthful environment for those persons under his or her control by providing them with the pro-tection from hazardous radiation. This manual requires that authorized users comply with the standards and policies contained herein.
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F.
Radiation Workers For the purposes of this manual, radiation workers are those employees and students working with radioactive materials under the suoervision of t
an authorized user. All radiation workers shall comply with the standards, rules, and regulations in the manual thich are applicable to their actions and conduct.
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6 PART II--POSSESSION AND USE OF SOURCES OF RADIATION t
The U.H. Manoa Chancellor has established the following policies, regula-tions, and procedures to govern the safe use and possession of sources of radiation at the University of Hawaii:
A.
Radioactive Materials 1.
Authorization Prior to proposed use, all applicants must submit a completed program description as required on Fonn Rg-1, Application for Use of Radioactive Materials, and a completed Form RS0-2, Statement of Training and Experience to the Radiation Safety Office. See Appen-dix A for samples of all RSO forms. All applications for use and possession of radioactive materials must be evaluated and approval C
recommended by the Comittee Chairman or, if deemed necessary, by the full Comittee, and authorized by the Director, OEH & S.
Recommendations for approval by the Comittee of any proposed use of radioactive materials is based on the benefits to be received from the project, the risk / hazard evaluation, and the adequacy of health and safety measures to be employed.
Factors considered by the Committee in the evaluation of safety provisions in a proposed usage include:
experience and ability of the applicant to cope with the hazards involved in the particular application; adequacy of the facilities and equipment for proposed usage; and the thoroughness and attention given to safety precautions in tne proposed experimental procedures and waste disposal methods. The Comittee may specify further conditions to be observed for certain types of operations and hazardous projects.
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2.
Approval for Use and Possession 2
Approval for use and possession of radioactive materials is granted by issuing the user a signed FoWr RS0-3l, Radioactive 4!ateriait Aoth '
I orizations which conditionally allows named individuals to possess and utilize specific types and amounts of radioactive materials at a desig-nated location (s) for specific operations.
Classroom use of radicacHve materials must be specifically authorized.
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3.
Biennial Renewal Authorizations are required to be renewed on a biennial basis.
Biennial renewals involving no increase in risk present in the original
'i application may be approved by the RSO.
1 4.
Amendments Amendments to a granted authorization may be filed at any time by l
submitting Form RS0-3a, Application for Amendment of Authorization, to j
the RSO. Amendments requesting changes in materials possession limits, f
new projects or revisions of current projects that would result in an increase in the radiation hazard of an approved authorization shall be reviewed and recommended for approval by the Comittee Chairman or, if deemed necessary, held for full Comittee review. All others may be aporoved by the RSO.
1 Copies of the approved authorization and arendments will be kept on file at the Radiation Safety Office.
i 5.
Procurement l
The procurement of all radioactive materials (purctrase Mr transfer) must be approved by the RSO. The criteria for approval is based on the i
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conditions and authorized use covered in the Radioactive Materials
_ Authorization issued to the authorized user.
6.
Purchases A completed Form RS0-4, Procurement Authorization for Radio-active Materials, must be submitted with the requisition or purchase order to the Radiation Safety Office. Approved purchase orders will be forwarded to the Procurement and Property Management Office (Pt'0) or to'a;desionated: fiscal office fet final proc 6ssino.
The PHO and the University fiscal officers assist the Director, OEH & S, by maintaining control on all purchases of radioactive materials by insuring that all purchase orders are accompanied by a signed procurement authorization form (yellow copy of Form PS0-4).
Unauthorized purchases are held pending clearance by the RSO. Non-approved procurement applications will be returned to the authorized user.
7.
Transfers In the case of transfer of radioactive materials between authorized users, the donor is not authorized to release such sources unless such transfer has been approved by the RSO and an approved authorization pro-curerent form (Form RS0-4) is presented by the recipient.
If the item
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is classified as equipment, the Inventory F'anacement Section of Pt90 must be. notified of the' transfer.
8.
Deliveries of Radioisotopes All deliveries of radioisotopes must be directed to the Rediation Safety Office for registration and monitoring. The Office will then
9 deliver the shipment to the respective users. Special exceptions to the above may be granted by the Radiation Safety Office under certain conditions upon request.
Indicate on the Form RS0-4 if special han-dling is required, i.e., refrigeration, keep frozen, etc.
9.
Safe Opening of Packages CP Authorized users receiving unopened packages of radioisotopes must follow established and approved procedures.
Reconnended procedures are outlined in Appendix B.
- 10. Registration and Training Records of Personnel All radiation workers engaged in the use of radioactive materials under the supervision of an authorized user must be registered with the Radiation Safety Office.
Each proposed radiation worker must submit a
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Form RS0-2, Statement of Trainino and Experience, to the RSO.
Inclusion of new personnel into an authorized radiation activity requires the simultaneous filing of an authorization amendment. The RSO, after review, may restrict the activities of such personnel if training and experience are found inadequate. Approved personnel are designated as radiation workers.
- 11. Training in Radiation Safety The Director, OEli & S, shall be responsible for an ongoing training program for the handling and safe use of radioisotope and other hazard-ous radiations.
Training sessions shall be given at periodic intervals.
Proposed radiation workers, radiation workers, and, in some cases, auth-orized users may be required to attend training sessions.
It shall be the responsibility of the authorized user to ascertain
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that each radiation worker under his direction is properly trained in radiation safety.
12.
Instructions to Personnel The authorized user shall be responsible for the " Instructions to Parsonnel" for all individuals working in or frequentinp any portion of a restricted area. They shall be:
Kept informed on the storage, transfer or use of radioactive a.
materials or radiation level in any portion of a restricted area.
b.
Instructed in the health protection problems associated with expo-4 sure to radiation or radioactive materials, including biological r.isks to embryos or fetuses; in precautions or procedure to minimize exposures; and in the purposes and function of protective devices.
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c.
Instructed to observe the applicable provisions of the " Manual" for the protection of personnel from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials.
d.
Instructed to report promptly to the authorized user any condition which may lead to or cause a violation of " Manual" requirements or unnecessary exposure to' radiation or to radioactive materials.
e.
Instructed in the appropriate responses to warnings made in the event of any unusual occurrence or machine malfunctions that may result in exposure to radiation or to radioactive material.
f.
Advised of the x, 8, y, and n exposure reports which workers may request.
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11 g.
Expected to read the Radiation Safety Manual, to know of its location in the laboratory, and to read all required postings.
13.
Physical ^ Examination Recuirements i
The Director, OEH & S, has the authority to require that the user of any source of radiation submit to examinations, includino bicassav and medical monitoring that the Committee may deem necessary to assure safe operating procedures and protection of health. Bioassay and medi-cal monitoring procedures are found in Appendix C of 'this manual.
If the Director, OEH &S, at any time, is not satisfied with the adecuacy of safety and health practices employed in a project, he may require cessation of the project until satisfactory procedures have been adopted. Appeal of such an action may be made at the next scheduled h
meeting er at a special session of the Radiation Safety Comittee.
- 14. Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Waste Materials It is the responsibility of the Director, OEM & S, to assure that the storage and disposal oir all radioactive materials are in accordance with applicable safety standards and regulations. The criteria for the processing, handling, storing, and disposal of radio-active waste materials are found in Part III and in Appendix D.
15.
Control of Radiation Exposures The Director, OEH & S, has established a program for keeping areas involved in the use and disposal of radioactive materials unc'er such surveillance as is needed to minimize the radiolooical risks and hazards to the safety and health of all involved.
Limitations to radiation exposures, permissible dose rates and concentrations and personnel monitoring requirements are found in Parts IV, V, and VI of
12 this manual.
The Director, OEH & S, shall be imediately provided with a report containing a record of the radiological exposure of any person receiving an exposure greater than the maximum pemissible weekly dose (0.1 rem for radiation workers, 0.01 rem for non-radiation workers). The RSO shall conduct an investigation of such an exposure and submit a formal report to the Director, OEH & S, on his findings and on measures taken to pre-vent a recurrence.
B.
X-ray Units and HF Generators All x-ray units and high frequency generators capable of creating hazardous x-rays must be registered with the Radiation Safety Office.
Acquisition of unregistered units requires that the Radiation Safety Office
(
be notified imediately upon receipt. A copy of the receiving invoice or
~
packing slip must be forwarded to the RSO indicating the date of arrival for registration purposes.
The Radiation Safety Office will maintain records of all machines and devices capable of creating hazardous x-rays, and conduct periodic surveys and investigations of x-ray installations in accordance with the Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Law (H0SHL) standards. The Director, OEH & S, l
will be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a safety pro-gram comensurate with the needs for such a program.
C.
Laser Safety Program The Radiation Safety Committee has adopted pertinent sections of nationally recognized laser safety guidelines which are incorporated by reference as a part of this manual. The standards, controls, and exposure limits established there are considered the governing factors for the use
13 l
and safety controls necessary for laser devices at the University of Hawaii. These procedures are in conformance with applicable ~HOSHL regulations and Federal recommendations. The RSO is responsible for I
monitoring the adherence to these regulations.
D.
Other P,adiation Safety Programs Additional safety criteria covering other hazardous radiation sources will be added as a part or by reference to this rnanual as procrams are developed.
.s
14 i
PART III--LABORATORY STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES 4
A.
Laboratory Facilities 1.
Approved for Use The approval for use of radioactive materials within certain laboratories shall be left to the discretion of the Committee based on:
infomation supplied by an individual submitting Form RS0-1 Application for Use of Radioactive Materials; type and amount of radioactive materials to be used; adequacy of the facilities i
and equipment for the proposed usage and other safety factors.
2.
Radioachemical Laboratory Except for approved " field operations",.the'. laboratory shall
(
be an approved chemical laboratory with non-absorbent or disposable i
working surfaces, non-absorbent floor covering, and non-absorbent i
wall surfaces that are easy to decontaminate.
i Specialized procedures and equipment necessary for mainte-i nance of safety may be required dependent upon the risk factors j
for individual projects.
1 f
3.
High Level Laboratories Laboratory facilities for handling large quantities or high energy radioisotopes require special design.
Proposals for.
j operation of such laboratories shall receive detailed considera-l tion by the Committee.
[
B.
Laboratory Equipment Certain standard equipment necessary for all radioisotope operations, i
such as manual or automatic pipetting systems, protective gloves, appropriate trays, and approved monitoring equipment shall be employed.
i L -
15 C.
Fume Exhaust Hoods Under certain operating conditions, an approved fume exhaust hood may be required. The criteria for requirement will be detennined by the Director, OEH & S, and/or the Comnittee.
The hood surfaces shall be easily decontaminated and the hood exhaust so arranged as to meet applicable regulations.
All radioisotope use which results in the volatilization or dispersal of nuclides that could exceed the Maximum Pennissible Concentration in Air shall be conducted within an approved hood. Hood operations shall meet the criteria outlined in Appendix E.
D.
Protective Clothing Appropriate rubber or plastic ploves, lab coats and shoes shall be C
worn when handling open containers of radioisotopes, durino manipulations which might result in contamination by radioactive solutions or dust, or in situations where the probability of radioactive contamination is high.
E.
Contamination Control 1.
Personnel All persons working with radioactive materials shall wash their hands thoroughly before leaving the laboratory. When applicable, the.v shall utilize the available monitoring equipment to assure that their skin is free of contamination. Gloves must be worn when working with unsealed radioisotopes.
Containers of radioactive materials shall be sealed and secured when not in use.
2.
Pipettino Pipetting of radioactive solutions by mouth shall not be cer-mitted.
16 3.
Contaminated Area A contaminated area is defined as an area where radioactive materials have been spilled such that a hazard exists to personnel through ingestion, absorption, inhalation or external exposure.
4.
Contanination In nonnal operating procedures, contamination of facilities and personnel with radioisotopes is to be kept to a minimum by means of foresight in the designino of exoeriments and using pro-per laboratory procedures.
5.
Contamination Criteria Facilities are considered contaminated if they exceed the levels established by the contamination limits tabulated in Appendix C
F.
In general, for beta-ganina emitters, total fixed surface contami-
~
nation should not exceed an average of 0.2 mr/hr, nor exceed 1.0 nr/hr 2
maximum, at I cm from the surface for any area of not more than 100 cm,
Removable backaround should not exceed twice background.
In surveying with a portable monitor for beta emitters, a thin end-window detector must be used.
6.
Decontamination i
Contaminated facilities are to be inmediately decontaminated to acceptable levels of removable activities. All fixed contamination above the criteria for total activities must be labeled with proper warning signs, stating the emitter and radiation level present.
No contamination of personnel will be tolerated at this insti-tution.
In case of contamination, proceed with basic decontamination
17 techniques.
All spills of radioactive material shall be cleaned up promptly.
Cleaning responsibility is borne by the individuals working in the area involved and responsible for the spill. A survey shall be made after cleaning to verify that the radioactive material has been re-moved.
7.
Notification As soon as possible, the RSO shall be notified cf all radioactive spills or incidents.
F.
Storage, Transportation, and Handling of Radioactive Paterials Radioactive materials stored in an unrestricted area shall be secured against unauthorized removal and the area shall be properly
(
posted.
All areas where radioactive materials in quantities greater than 10 times Appendix G are stored shall be clearly marked with the radiation symbol (see Part IV for proper warning sign) and an inventory of the stored materials posted, indicating the radioisotope present and its maximum quantity.
All transfers of radioactive materials between hoods and storane i
devices shall be conducted in a safe manner to avoid the possibility of spillage or breakage.
Double containment is reconnended as a safe trans-port practice.
Any work with materials which may result in atmospheric distribution from dusting, spillage, evaporation, or effervescence shall be perfonned in adequate hoods.
r
18 Suitable monitoring equipment for each type of radioisotope used in the laboratory shall be available in operating condition.
G.
Waste Storace 1.
Liquid wastes shall be stored in suitahle safe containers and be properly labeled. Safety coated plastic bottles are reconriended.
2.
Provisions shall be made for the storage of volatile wastes in a well-ventilated location.
3.
The amount of combustible wastes shall be kept to a minimum. When temporary storage is necessary, the waste container shall be of an approved type. The RSO shall be responsible for the removal of wastes to the central storage facility.
H.
Waste Disposal (also see Packagino and Waste Disposal Procedures, Appendix D) 1.
General: Radioactive waste shall be transferred to the RSO as it is
{
accumulated and packaged. No disposal of radioactive waste by inci-neration is permitted except by, or under the supervision of, the RSO.
Thus, it is important that waste be segregated and labeled accordina to type (short half-life, long half-life, etc.).
It is essential that non-combustible waste be kept to a minimum.
The University has established a central area for waste storage; however, it shall be the responsibility of all individuals producing radioactive wastes to be aware of disposal limits and to confonn to all requirements for safe disposal. Efforts should be made to limit the volume of waste generated and to furnish the RSO with the informa-tion concerning the nature of wastes being collected for storage. This information shall include the identity of the isotopes and their esti-mated radiation level at the surface of the container.
19 2.
Disposal by Release into Sanitary Sewer Systems The University of Hawaii will adhere to the limits established in 10 CFR Part 20.303 Disposal By Release Into Sanitary Sewer Systems.
As a general rule, no authorized user shall discharae radioactive material into a sanitary sewer system unless:
a.
It is readily soluble or dispersible in water, and b.
The quantity of any licensed or other radioactive material released into the system by the authorized user in any one day does not ex-i ceed ten times the quantity of such material specified in Appendix G of this manual.
Quantities released to the sanitary sewer system in excess of the c.
limits established by (b) shall be pennitted only by approval of the Director, OEH & S, and/or the Conmittee.
3.
Liquid Wastes: Liquid wastes (except scintillation fluids) containing radioactivity not disposable into the sanitary sewer system shall be collected in safety coated plastic bottles that can be capped to per-mit transport without leakage. Containers must not exceed 1 callon capacity. When requested to do so, the RSO shall remove the solutions to the central storage area.
i 4.
Solid Wastes: Special containers for radioactive waste shall be pro-vided for each radioisotope laboratory. These containers must be clearly designated as radioactive waste receptacles and shall not be used as general trash receptacles.
Disposable plastic bar liners for these containers must be supplied by the user.
(SeePackaginaand Waste Disposal Procedures, Appendix D.) Upon request, the RSO shall dispose of the waste material.
20 5.
Gaseous Wastes and Air Contaminants: Radioactive pases and airborne particulates in amounts exceeding established limits shall be trapped and converted to liquid or solid derivatives.
If the radioactive waste is to be disposed of in the caseous state, the concentration of activity at the blower exhaust shall not exceed the concentrations listed in Appendix H Table II.
It is essential that accurate records of gaseous and airborne particulate waste disposal be maintained. The discharge of airborne particulate radioactive contamination is to be avoided by the use of a filter or other suitable experimental techniques.
6.
Biological Wastes: Animal and biological waste materials shall be placed in a sealed plastic bag and labeled with the date, radioiso-C topes used, and radioactivity in microcuries.
Decomposable materials shall be stored in a freezer until collected for disposal by the RSO (also see Packaging and Waste Disposal Procedures, Appendix 0 and Instruction for Animal Caretakers, Appendix I).
7.
Records: An inventory or record shall te maintained by the authorized user of all waste disposals regardless of nature and copies made avai-lable to the RSO upon request.
4 r
21 PART IV--PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES A.
Surveys Survey shall mean an evaluation of the radiological hazard related to the production, use, release, disposal, or presence of radioactive materials or other sources of radiation under a specific set of condi-tions. When appropriate, such evaluation includes a physical survey of the location of materials and equipment, and a measurement of the levels l
of radiation or concentration of radioactive material present.
(See Appendix F for Monitoring Procedures.)
Each authorized user shall conduct such surveys as may be necessary for him to comply with the regulations outlined in this part. Monitoring records must be kept on file.
B.
Personnel Dosimetry 1.
Authorized users shall provide and require the use of appropriate personnel dosimeters for:
)
a.
Each individual who enters a restricted area where he will receive j
or is likely to receive a dose in any calendar quarter in excess j
of 25 percent of the apolicable value specified in Part V, Table I.
b.
Each individual under 18 years of age who enters a restricted area where he will receive or is likely to receive a dose in any calen-
]
dar quarter in excess of 5 percer(t of the applicable value speci-fied in Part V, Table I.
1 j
2.
a.
Each individual who enters a high radiation area must wear a i
pocket dosimeter and a TLD or film badge.
22 b.
All persons entering a radiation area where a daily whole-body exposure in excess of 10 millirem is possible must wear a TLD or film badge.
3.
A pocket dosimeter shall be worn in addition to the TLD or film badoe when, in the judgment of the RSO, sufficient radiological hazard exists to make a day by day indication of exposure desirable.
4.
Dosimeters, TLD and/or film badges shall be obtained from the Radia-tion Safety Office (see Dosimeter Request Fonn, RSO-7, Appendix A).
Pick-up and delivery of dosimeters for processing shall be the res-ponsibility of the RSO.
5.
The person responsible for a high radiation area shall maintain daily pocket dosimeter records.
Copies of these records shall be submitted monthly to the RSO.
('
C.
Definitions l
As used in this section:
1.
" Personnel monitoring equipment" means devices to be worn or carried by an individual for the purpose of measuring the dose received.
f Examples are film badges, TLDs, pocket dosimeters, or film rings; l
2.
" Radiation area" means any area accessible to personnel in which there i
exists radiation levels such that the major portion of the body could receive in any hour a dose in excess of five millirems; I
3.
"High radiation area" means any area accessible to personnel in which there exists radiation levels such that a major portion of the body could receive in any one hour a dose in excess of 100 millirems.
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23 D.
Radiation 1larning Signs, Labels, Signals, and Controls A radiation caution symbol with written warning is required for six specific areas where radioactive materials or radiation levels exist.
The following six signs are to be used:
1.
CAUTION-RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS Each area or room in which radioactive materials exist in an amount exceeding 10 times (100 times for natural uranium and thorium) the quantity of such material specified in Appendix G of this manual shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearino the radia-tion caution symbol and the words " CAUTION-RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL (S)".
2.
CAUTION-RADIATION AREA This sign is specifically desionated for and shall be posted in areas where large external radiation fields exist and where an indi-vidual could receive over a major portion of his body a dose of 5 millirems in an hour, or if he were continuously present for five consecutive working days, a dose of 100 millirems.
3.
CAUTION-HIGH RADIATION AREA This sign shall be posted in areas where an individual night re-ceive more than 100 millirems in an hour, a.
Control - Each entrance or access point to a high radiation area shall be:
1.
Equipped with a control device which would reduce the radiation level so that an individual would receive a dose below 100 nillirems in an hour upon entry into the areat or 11.
Equipped with a control device which would enernize a visible and/or audible alarm signal in such a manner that the indivi-
J 24 dual enterino the high radiation area and the authorized i
j user or a supervisor of the activity are made aware of the entry; or iii., Locked except during periods when access to the area is re-quired with positive control over each individual entry, f
iv. The controls required under 3a. above shall be established i
in such a way that no individual will be prevented from leaving a high radiation area.
j b.
If a high radiation area is established for a period of 30 days or less, direct surveillance to prevent unauthorized entry may be substituted for the controls required under 3a. above. Upon Committee review and recommendation, the Director, OEH & S, will l
{
approve proposed alternatives if the authorized user has adequately l
i demonstrated that the alternative methods of control will prevent
[
i unauthorized entry into a hich radiation area, and that the require-l i
I ment of subparaoraph (iii) of this paragraph is met.
i 4.
CAUTION-HIGH RADIATION AREA - When Unit Is Operating l
This sign is for devices which emil ionizing radiation only when i
" turned on" (x-ray devices, accelerators, etc.).
l 5.
CAUTION-AIRBORNE RADI0 ACTIVITY AREA I
Each airborne radioactivity area shall be conspicuously posted with signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:
i CAUTION-AIRBORNE RADI0 ACTIVITY AREA.
4 a.
Any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radio-f active materials exist in concentrations in excess of the amount l
specified in Appendix H, Table I, Column I; or i
i 8
25 b.
Any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radio-active materials composed wholly or partly of licensed material exist in concentrations which averaged over the number of hours in any week that a worker occupies the area, exceed 25 percent of the amount specified in Appendix H, Table I, Column I.
6.
CAUTION-RADI0 ACTIVE CONTAMINATION This sign shall be posted while decontamination procedures are being carried out.
Posting of the sign should never be allowed to substitute immediate clean-up operations.
E.
Labeling of Containers 1.
Smaller signs of the stick-on type, tags, or radiation tape shall be used only for containers of radioisotopes. They must not be used in k
place of the above mentioned signs. All containers of radioactive materials should be labeled with:
a.
Isotope b.
Quantity c.
Date 2.
Containers being used in the laboratory with less than one microcurie and with the user constantly present need not be labeled.
3.
Any sealed source which is not fastened to or contained in a radio-graphic exoosure device shall have permanently attached to it a durable tag at least one inch sauare bearing the radiation symbol and the fol-lowing instructions:
"Danper--Radioactive Material--Do Not Handle--
Notify Civil Authorities If Found."
F.
Radiation Warnino Sign Exceptions 1.
A room or area storing a sealed source is not required to be posted with i
26 a radiation warning sign if the radiation level twelve inches from the surface of the source container or housino does not. exceed five millirem oer hour.
2.
Radiation warning signs are not required to be posted at areas or rooms storing radioactive materials for a period of less than eight hours if the materials are constantly guarded during such periods by an individual who shall take the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of others to radiation or radioactive materials in excess of the limits established in the regulations in this part, and such an area or room is under the authorized user's control.
3.
A room or area which is a high radiation area solely because of the presence of radioactive materials already prepared for transport and b
packaged and labeled in accordance with the Department of Transporta-tion regulations is not reouired to be posted with a high radiation
~
warning sign, and control is not required for each entrance.
l
I 27 l
PART V--PERMISSIBLE D0SES, EXPOSURE LEVELS AND CONCENTRATIONS A.
Ionizino Radiation 1.
Exposure of Individuals to Radiation in Restricted Areas No authorized user shall possess, use, or transfer sources of ionizing radiation in such a manner as to cause any individual in a restricted area to receive, in any period of one calendar quarter, a dose in excess of the limits established in Table I.
2.
" Restricted Area" This refers to any area in which access is controlled to protect individuals from exposure to radioactive materials and other sources of ionizing radiation.
b TABLE I Rems Per
_ Calendar Guarter Whole body: head and trunk; active bloodforming organs; lens of eyes; ik or ponads Hands and forearms; feet and ankle 18 3/a Skin or whole body 74 Whole body during entire cestation h
period 3.
Whole Body Dose No authorized user shall allow any individual to receive a dose to the whole body in excess of 100 millirems per week. All over-exposures must be reported to the Radiation Safety Office immediately.
Research which requires personnel exposure in excess of the above
28 limits must be specifically authorized by the Committee. However, at no time shall exposure to the whole body be in excess of 3 rems per quarter or 5 rems per year.
4.
Personnel Under Age 18 No authorized user shall pennit any person who is under 18 years of age to receive in any period of one calendar quarter a dose in excess of ten percent of the limits listed in Table I.
B.
Exposure of Individual to Airborne Concentrations of Radioactive Material in a Restricted Area No authorized user shall possess, use or transfer radioactive mate-rials in such a manner as to cause any individual in a restricted area to be exposed to airborne radioactive materials in an averace concen-b tration in excess of the limits specified in Appendix H, Table I.
The limits given in Appendix H, Table I are based upon exoosure to the concentration for forty hours in any period of seven consecutive days.
Where the number of hours of exposure is less than or greater than forty, the limits specified in the Table shall be increased or decreased propor-tionately.
C.
Permissible Levels of Radiation in Unrestricted Areas No authorized user shall possess, use, or transfer radioactive mate-rials or other sources of ionizing radiation in such a manner as to create in any unrestricted area:
1.
Radiation levels which, if any individual were continuously present in the area, could result in his receiving a dose in excess of 2.0 milli-rems in one hour; or I
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l 2.
Radiation levels which, if any individual were continuously present in the area, could result in his receiving a dose in excess of 100 millirems in any seven consecutive days.
3.
In any case, no member of the general public may receive a dose to the whole body in excess of 0.5 millirem in any one calendar year.
l i
I i
l
30 PARTS VI--REQUIRED RECORDS, NOTIFICATIONS, AND REPORTS A.
Surveys The authorized users shall maintain records of surveys conducted in compliance with Part IV of this manual.
B.
Personnel Dosimetry The authorized user shall maintain pertinent records of personnel dosimetry measurements made in compliance with Part IV of this manual.
Dosimetry records will be maintained by the Radiation Safety Office.
C.
Bioassay The Radiation Safety Office shall maintair, records of all bioassays conducted in compliance with Appendix C of this manual.
D.
Inventory The authorized user shall maintain a running inventory of his autho-rized possession. This shall include copies of the procurement authoriza-tion forms; records indicating type, quantity, and date of receipt of nuclides; disposal of waste including method, type and quantity of raterials, and date of disposal or transfer; and transfers to authorized receivers.
Any recordkeeping format providing accurate infomation of the above will be accepted. This infomation shall be provided to the RSO upon request.
E.
Leak Testing (see Appendix J)
The authorized user shall maintain records of the results of leak tests of sealed sources coriducted in compliance with Appendix J of this manual.
i l
F.
Spills and Contamination (see Appendix K)
The Radiation Safety Officer shall be immediately notified of any i
r
,, - - - - ~
..- ~- --
31 major spills and/or gross contamination of facilities.
Refer to Appendix K for Radiation Emergency Procedures.
G.
Personnel Contamination The Radiation Safety Officer shall be immediately notified of any personnel contamination for evaluation of sustained exposure.
H.
Changes in Authorization (Possession, Use, Personnel, or Facilities)
The authorized user shall notify the R6diation Safety Officer of any expected changes in authorized use. The RSO will then advise the user as to the proper procedures of obtaininn approval of such changes.
4 L
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Form RS0-1 32 R;v. 1-81 APPENDIX A APPLICATION FOR USE OF RADI0 ACTIVE MTERIALS University of Hawaii Submit copy to:
Radiation Safety Office, PPB, 2002 East-West Road 1.
Name & Title Department (Principal person in charge) 2.
University Address Bldg., Rm. No.
Phone No., ext.
3.
Nature of Program:
Instruction Research 4.
List all persons using radioactive materials under supervision of the applicant a.
Dept.
Phone ext.
b.
Dept.
Phone ext.
c.
Dept.
Phone ext.
{
d.
Dept.
Phone ext.
5.
Training and Experience of applicant and supervised users.
(Complete and attach Form R50-2, Statement of Training and Experience).
6.
List all radioactive materials:
including non-licensable raterials, waste raterials being held and materials orders but not received.
RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS FORM - (Organic, ACTIVITY POSSESSION LIMIT Inorganic or Waste)
(uCi or mci) (Max, No. of uc Mfg. & Model No. if or mc of each Sealed Source that you will possess at any time)
Form RS0-1 33 R;v. 1-81 APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
APPLICATION FOR USE OF RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS 7.
RADIATION DETECTION EQUIPMENT Use(Surveying,lioni-2 No.
Type of Instrument Sensitivity) Range (Make and Model No.)
(nr/hr.
torino Measurino) l i
Personnel monitoring equipment (dosimeters, film badges, etc.)
I i
I Are your instruments capable of monitoring your radioactive materials, facilities, and personnel?
Yes No 8.
PROPOSED USE:
(Give sufficient detail concerning the problem and the methods of use of the radioactive material to provide a basis for a
(
general evaluation of the health hazards and possible buildino contami-nation, including rooms for usage and storace.)
i I
t i
I 9.
Proposed Monitoring Procedures:
l l
n I
l
Form RS0-1 34 i
Pav. 1-81 APPENDIX A (Cont'd) l APPLICATION FOR USE OF RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS
- 10. Proposed procedures for disposal of radioactive waste, includina gaseous compounds:
i
- 11. Location and description of laboratory:
includina type of floor, bench top material, type of nood, hood velocity, ventilation system of labora-tory, etc.
(An attached layout of laboratory eauipment and facilities l
wouldbehelpful.)
i
- 12. Describe shielding, remote handlino equipment and personnel monitoring procedures if gamma or high energy beta emitters are involved.
i l
- 13. Occupancy area:
(type of personnel, number, etc., other than above listed users)
PLEASE NOTIFY RADIATI0f! SAFETY OFFICE OF ANY CHANGE IN OCCUPANCY.
Undergraduate Graduate Civil Name Student Student Faculty Service 4
Form RS0-2 35 Rev. 1-81 APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
STATEMENT OF TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
- Princinal Investicator (To be completed by all personnel working with radioactive materials)
)
NAME DEPT.
EXT.
CLASSIFICATION (e.g., Senior Staff Member, Tech., Grad. Student) l DATES AtlD TYPE OF TRAINING WHERE TRAltlED DURATI0tl 0F Ot THE F0FFAL TRAINING JOB COURSE A.
Principles and prac-Yes No Yes No tices of radiation protection 1
i B.
Radioactivity mea-Yes No Yes No i
surement, standard-ization and moni-l toring techniques i
and instruments C.
liathematics and calculations Yes No Yes No basic to use and
(
measurement of radioactivity D.
Biolooical effects Yes No Yes No of radiation i
l RADI0 ISOTOPE HANDLING EXPERIENCE i
DATES AND 4
liAXItiUti WHERE EXPERIENCE DURATION OF IS0 TOPE AMOUNT
!!AS GAINED EXPERIENCE TYPE OF USE
)
)
Have radiation exposure records been maintained for you at another institution?
l If "yes" indicate the address where these records may be obtained Yes No and the dates these records cover, t
i I have read and I will abide by the University Regulations as set forth in the Radiation Safety fianual.
Signature Date
- If additional space is needed, use the back of this sheet. Return original to Radiation Safety Office, Physical Plant Buildino.
Form RS0-3 36 Rev. 1-81 APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
University of Hawaii RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS AUTHORIZATION 1.
Name:
Date:
2.
Address:
3.
Auth. No:
4.
Expiration Date:
5.
Byproduct l'aterial 6.
Chemical and/or 7.
Maximum amount of (or other radioactive physical form radioactivity which material) user may oossess at any one time b
8.
Authorized Use:
CONDITIONS 9.
Unless otherwise specified, the authorized place of use is the user's location stated in Item 2 above.
- 10. The University authorization on the use of radioactive materials derives its jurisdiction from Broad License No. 53-17-23 issued to the Ur.iversity of Hawaii. The user shall comply with conditions, relative to the user, specified in the Broad License.
=
37 i
APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
Form RS0-3 Rev. 1-81 l
RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS AUTHORIZATION Page 2
- 11. The user shall comply with the Radiation Safety Manual compiled by the University's Radiation Safety Connittee and approved by the Chancellor.
12.
In the event of a serious accident in connection with radioactive materials, notify the Radiation Safety Officer immediately.
l
- 13. The user shall comply with procedures for procurement or transfer of r
radioactive materials. A RSO Form 4 MUST be submitted with each pur-chase or transfer request.
- 14. The authorized user shall restrict the use of radioactive materials in his possession to himself and the following supervised personnel: (see page3) l k
RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL:
Radiation Safety Committee 1
AUTHORIZATION APPROVED:
Office of Environmental Health & Safety i
l I
i ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS:
i i
l l
l
Form RS0-3 38 Rev. 1-01 APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS AUTHORIZATION,
Pace 3 14.
(continuation from page 2)
~ APPPOVED AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL a.
Dept.
Phone ext.
I b.
Dept.
Phone ext.
c.
Dept.
Phone ext.
d.
Dept.
Phone ext.
e.
Dept.
Phone ext.
f.
Dept.
Phone ext.
g.
Dept.
Phone ext.
(,
h.
Dept.
Phone ext.
1.
Dept.
Phone ext.
1 j.
Dept.
Phone ext.
k.
Dept.
Phone ext.
1.
Dept.
Phone ext.
i r
(
a N
I
Fdrm RS0-c PROCUREMEN" 'JTHORIZATION FOR RADIOACTIVE W SIALS 39 E8"* 9~79 University of Hawaii Submit tio conies: Radiation Safety Office, Facilities.;ananement, Physical Plant Cldg.
Detain ninF copy for nersonal file.
1.
f.11 ourchase orders or requisitions for the purchase, nrocureaent or transfer of radioactive r:aterials nust be directed to and anproved by the Radiation Safety Office.
2.
- 'are Author 17atien "o.
(Authorized User) l Departnent Phone t'c.,
ryT.
Purchase Crrfer '!o.
t l
1 I
i 3.
'fature of P.adioactive ':aterials b
I i
"adioactive Circle Total Activity Cataloc i'aterials Physical Give Chemical t'ame nil 11 curie (nci)
"urber j
(Isotoneonly)
Fnrn microcurie (UCi) l
(
ec. 3H, 1251 l
l t
i Liquid Solid nas l
i M.
"0T": All Poliveries "est Re Directed To: !'niversity of Haraii P.adiation Safety Office l
Attn :'
(f u th. o. )
i
, 5 Vendor 2002 East "est Poad t!onolulu, Haiseii 05022 Fxpected n livery n te(s) e a
i Soecial Instructions to D.S.D.
n te Received:
Tire-a
!(Pefricerate, Freeze,etc.)
uhere Received:
!?onitoring Record:
otes :
c, Sinnatiere of o thcrized l'ser u
7.
fonroved oy
_ __ _P. 5.0.
~Si" nature of Receiver Date
Fcrm RSC-4 PROCURD1ENT ITHORIZATION FOR RA0!OACTIVr !!A (IALS
"%v ' "' ~7 University of Hawaii Subnit tm coniet: Radiation Safety Office, Facilities.;ananenent, Physical M ant Clr!n.
. etain nini copy for nersonal file.
2 1.
I.11 ourebase orr:ars or requisitions for th? purchase. nrocure ent oi transfer of radioective raterials must be directed to and an7 roved by the ra-;iation Safety Office.
j 2.
- !are Authorization "o.
(Authorized User)
Departnent Phone t'o., ryT.
t i
Purchase Order '!o.
I I
I 1
3.
ature of P.adioactive ':aterials l
n dioactive Circle Total Activity catalce a
itaterials Physical Give Chert:ical t'ar.e nillicurie (mci)
unbe r (Isotoneonly) rorn microcurie (uC1)
{
er 3,I?5I H
Liquid Solid cas i
o.
""T": All Poliveries "ust Ra Directed To: !!niversity of Haraii P.adiation Safety Office i
Attn:
(f u th. o. )
, r;.
Vendor 2002 East est Poad
'tonolulu, Hayati "5022 Fxpected Delivery Date(s) i l
i I (oecial Instructions to 'l.5.0.
S n te P.cceived:
Tire:
a i
Pefricerate, Freeze,etc.)
taSere P.eceived:
!'onitoring Eecorti:
- 'otes :
c, Sinnature of %therized I'ser 7.
fnoroved Ry P.S.O.
Sianature of Receiver Date
)
~ Firm RSC-4 MIDCURFNENT ffMORIZATION FOR RADI0 ACTIVE MA (IALS E0** 9-79 University of Hawaii Submit tuo copies:
Radiation Safety Office, Facilities.*iananement. Physical Plant r,ldg.
Retain nink copy for nersonal file.
i 1.
All purchase orders or requisitions for the purchase, orocurement or transfer of radioactive naterials must be directed to and anproved by the Radiation Safety Office.
2.
.'!ame Authorization *.'o.
(Authorized User)
Department Phone io., EyT.
r Purchase Crder 5!o.
3.
.Iature of Radioactive t' terials a
Radioactive Circle Total Activity Catalog ilaterials Physical Give Chemical t'ame millicurie(mci)
" umber i
(Isotooeonly)
Forn microcurie (uCi) i eg. 3, 125I i
(
l H
n Liquid
~
l Solid ras
?
i I
e f
l le.
OTP: All Poliveries rest Re Directed To: I!niversity of Hawaii i
i P.adiation Safety Office Attn:
(futh. "o.)
5.
Vendor 2002 East est Road Honolulu, Hawaii 05022 Fxpected Delivery hate (s) i t
Soecial Instructions to D..S.0.
Oate Received:
Tire:
i (o fricerate, Freeze, etc.)
e Mhere Received:
nonituring Record:
C.
5!otes '
i 51onature of Suthorized I'ser 7.
Anoroved Ry R.5.0 Sienature of Receiver Date I
Form RS0-7 40 R2v. 1-81 REQUISITION FOR PERSONNEL D0SIMETRY (TLD or FILt1 BADGES)
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PART A: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT 1.
Name Principal Investigator (First)
(MI)
(Last)
(Last Name) 2.
Soc. Sec. No.
Date of Birth 3.
Have you been monitored for occupational exposure to radiation prior to coming to the University of Hawaii?
If so, where?
Name of Institution:
Address:
Dates:
From to PART B: TO BE COMPLETED AND SIGNED BY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 1.
Type of radiation to which aoplicant may be exposed (X,B,G,N)
List isotopes, X-ray equipment, etc.
(.
2.
Badge location when not in use (for RSO pickup and delivery and control of background exposure)
NOTE:
In order to ensure delivery of new badges on the first of the month,
~
the order should be placed before the 15th of the previous month.
PART C: FOR RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE USE ONLY Auth. No.
Body badge no. and type Ring badne no.
Date service started Date service ended The University of Hawaii has my permission to secure my past exposure history. The above information is current and complete to the best of my knowledae.
Date Signed Bldg., Rm. No.
,.n.,
l di
' RADIGII)GICAL SAFETT COMMITTEE i
i S - Sewer FotM RSC-10 B - Hood 7-70 D - Decay l
EASTE DISPOSAL AND INVENTORY I - Incineration ST - Storage FB - For Burial -
Authorized User (Liq., Solid)
Auth. No.
Isotope Activity In Activity Out Method T
DATE es uct _ si.
=ct_
-ci.
uc i.. sc i.
l O
f i
.,m---...
no
_,__-...,--___.,y-_,
_,,,,__,,,.,,_.m_
m,,,_..
RSC-8 AIR SAMPLING SURVEY 9-80 AREA DATA P.I.
Phone number Sample Location Airborne Radionuclide SAMPLING DATA Pump type and no.
Date of sample Collection Media Retention (R) 3 Time on Calibrated flow rate (F) cm / min COUNTING DATA Counter and Detector Counting Efficiency (E)
(c/d) Date/ time counted Total Background Count (counts) Background counting time min Total Sample Count (counts) Sample counting time min Net Sample Count Rate (counts per minute = CPM net)
AIR ACTIVITY ANALYSIS For long-lived isotopes (T long compared to sampling and counting times) g At CPM net e 2 A
=
t ERVK A = Activity concentration at end of air sample tE = Efficiency (cd-1)
R = Retention 3
V = Total volume of air sampled, cm 6
K = 2.22 x 10 dpm/uCi A = Decay constant for isotope sampled (0.693/T )
g t = Decay time (elapsed time from end of sampling to 2
beginning of count)
At" 9/10 error
/
Signature Date
43 APPLNulX B--SAFE OPENING 0F PACKAGES Recomended Procedures for Safely Opening Packages of Radioisotopes (soft beta, hard beta and gamma emitters) 1.
Note radiation units stated on package, verify and record in receipt log.
(Hard Beta and Gama only) 2.
Place package in vented hood.
3.
Open outer package and remove packing slip. Open inner package and verify that the contents agree in name and quantity with the packing slip.
4.
Measure radiation field of unshielded container - if necessary place container behind shielding to reduce field to allowable limits and b
proceed with remote handling devices.
(Hard Beta and Gama only) 5.
Check for possible breakage of seals or containers, loss of liquid or change in color of absorbing materials.
6.
Wipe test inner ccntents. Any pertinent findings should be recorded in the radioactive materials receipt log book. Note: The liner, shield, and isotope container may have surface contamination; they should be discarded in radioactive waste containers.
7.
If contamination exists on a container, handle with protective gloves.
If the contamination is severe, i.e., thousands of dpm (cpm /eff),
handle with tools and rubber gloves. PVC gloves have proven not to provide adequate protection for gross contamination of I-125, P-32 labeled compounds and possibly other materials.
8.
Empty packages must have labels removed or obliterated before disposal in ordinary trash.
l 44 APPENDIX C--BI0 ASSAY The Committee will be responsible for recocinending reouirements for the establishment of bioassay and medical monitoring procedures if any are required.
i The Corcittee will judge the necessity of such procedures based on the review of each program and on the prior and continuing investigation and surveillance by the RSO. The procedures which may be reouired for any nersonnel on any pro-gram include, but are not limited to, the following:
1.
Background data, Prior to initiation of a program, it may be required that baseline data for a bioassay program be supplied.
This may include medical examination (general physical) or specific measurement (e.g., Forced Expiratory Velocity or Vital Capacity), cytology (e.g., RBC, WBC and differential, b
i examination of cells in sputum, or other samples), or back-ground analytical data.
~
2.
Blood cell counts, physical and medical measurements may be required at a frequency greater than the once-a-year custom depending on the type of use and the level of activity involved.
3.
Bioassays will be conducted for personnel who use the following materials on a batch basis:
100 millicuries or more of hydrocen-3 in uncontained foms; 10 millicuries or more of tritiated organic compounds; and 10 millicuries or nore of iodine-131 and iodine-125 in non-contained forms. Bioassays
~
will be conducted on a continuing basis during use; weekly when using tritium, and every 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> when using the iodines.
4.
On a bi-yearly basis (or more frequently, if warranted), gross
45 r
alpha activity in urine may be required. Where exposure to more than one alpha emitter is possible, identification of specific emitters may be required.
5.
On a bi-yearly schedule (or more frequently, if warranted),
urinalysis for gross beta activity may be required.
If total activity of the gross activity exceeds the lower limit of f
detection by more than 200 d/m/1, identification of the major radionuclides will be required.
(Naturally occurring potassium-40 subtracted.)
6.
Other procedures such as whole body counting (when available) analysis of excreta and body fluids or other samples (e.c.,
l hair or nails) will be instituted by the user under direction and with the aid of the RSO, the Director, OEH & S, or the k.
i Committee as appropriate.
In an event in which a significant exposure may have occurred, it shall be the responsibility of the Conmittee to include those procedures necessary for a full investigation of the incident.
The Director, OEH & S, will aid in arranging for needed personnel and facilities for bioassay procedures as required. This may be accom-plished through existing or projected University support nor contracted to outside independent agencies.
46 APPENDIX D--PACKAGING AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Current changes to NRC code requirements and the loss of !!ainland burial sites have made it necessary to revise the procedures for the packaging and disposal of radioactive waste materials.
Each Principal Investinator is res-ponsible for reviewing these procedures and to see that they are adhered to.
It is essential that waste materials be sorted and packaged properly. The Radiation Safety Office will not acceot waste materials unless packaned in the following manner:
TYPES 45 I.
Short-lived t!uclides - With half-lives uo thru Ca (164.0 days or less)
A.
Short-Lived Solid or Dry Waste 1.
Pack waste into pre-labeled boxes provided by the Radiation Safety
{
Office.
Please use a plastic liner for each box.
2.
Seal securely with tape so as to make it as air ticht as possible.
3.
Identify contents with:
(a) The name of the Principal Investigator (b) The name of each specific isotope contained (c) The estimated activity of each isotope in units of microcurie or millicurie (please spell out units as micro or milli to avoid confusion).
(d) The maximum exposure rate at the surface of the sealed container (e) The date the container was sealed 4.
Damp material may be placed in plastic bags, sealed, and included i
as dry waste.
l
47 5.
Complete Form RS0-4 for transfer of radioactive material.
6.
Contact Radiation Safety Office for pick up.
B.
Short-lived Liquid Waste 1.
Dispose into the sanitary sewer system as permitted by Radiation Safety Manual requirements.
2.
Nondispersable or liquid wastes of greater activity than oermitted for sewer disposal shall be:
(a) Stored in nonshatterable containers of no more than one gallon size.
(b) Labeled as to the name of each specific isotope contained.
(c) Indicate estimated activity of each isotope in units of micro-curies or millicuries.
(d) Indicate the maximum exposure rate at the surface of the con-k tainer and date measurement was taken.
(e) Affix a radiation caution symbol to the container.
(f) Complete Form RS0-4 for transfer of radioactive materials.
(g) Contact the Radiation Safety Office for pick up.
45 II. Long-lived Nuclides - With half-lives above Ca (more than 164.0 days)
A.
Long-Lived Solid or Dry Waste Combustible Waste 1.
Separate out plastics, glass, metals, and other noncombustible wastes.
2.
Pack combustible waste into pre-labeled boxes provided by the Radia-tion Safety Office. Please use a plastic liner for each box.
3.
Seal securely with tape-so as to make the box as air tinht as possible.
48 4.
Identify contents with:
(a) The name of the Principal Investigator.
(b) The name of each specific isotope contained.
(c) The estimated activity of each isotope in units of nicrocuries or millicuries (please spell out units as micro or milli to avoid confusion).
(d) The maximum exposure rate at the surface of the sealed container.
(e) The date the container was sealed.
5.
Damp (combustible type) material may be placed in plastic bags, sealed, and included as dry waste.
6.
Complete Fom RS0-4 for transfer of radioactive materials.
7.
Contact Radiation Safety Office for pick up.
Noncombustible Waste
{
1.
Contaminated plastics, glass, metals, and other noncombustibles are to be packaged and labeled separately as in A(P.) thru (4) above.
2.
Transfer to Radiation Safety Office as in A(6)' and (7) above.
B.
Long-Lived Liquid Waste 3
I4 1.
Excluding H and C scintillation fluid - handle the same as,
short-lived liquid waste.
3 14 III.
H and C Scintillation Fluids Recent NRC revisions of 10 CFR Part 20.306 will pemit disposal of certain licensed materials without regard to its radioactivity but does not relieve the responsibility for maintainino required records.
Excerpts from !i20.306 state:
"(a) Any licensee may dispose of the following licensed naterial without
49 regard to its radioactivity:
(1) 0.05 microcuries or less of hydrogen-3 or carbon-14 per gram of medium used for liquid scintillation counting, and (2) 0.05 microcuries or less of hydrogen-3 or carbon-la per gram of animal tissue averaged over the weight of the entire animal."
(b) "Nothing in this section, however, relieves the licensee of rain-taining records showing the receipt, transfer, and disposal of such by-product material."
3 14 1.
For disposal of H and C scintillation fluids, the Radiation Safety Office will provide unmarked 8" x 8" cardboard boxes with a plastic bag containing absorbent material.
Each box is designed to hold approxi-mately 150 scintillation vials.
(a) Fill the plastic bag with scintillation vials and tie it securely.
L Seal the box securely with tape.
(b) Store filled boxes until 3 or 4 have accumulated.
(c) Contact the Radiation Safety Office for pick up.
(d) If vials are to be saved, use one of the followino methods:
(i) absorbent pillows may be purchased and the scintillation fluid absorbed into the pillows. These must then be packaped in an un-marked box as described above. The plastic bag and 8" x 8" box provided by the Radiation Safety Office will hold approximately 6 pillows.
Transfer the unlabeled boxes to the Radiation Safety Office, or (ii) fill a wide-mouthed plastic container 3/4 full with absorbent material and empty scintillation fluid into the container.
Transfer the unlabeled container to the Radiation Safety Office.
3 14 (e) In no case will the Radiation Safety Office accept H or C scin-
m 50 tillation fluid in liquid form other than described above.
IV.
Animal Carcasses / Tissues or Parts 1.
Carcasses, tissues, or parts containing 0.05 microcuries ~or less of 3
I4 H or C per gram of animal tissue averaged over the weinht of the entire animal are considered non-radioactive waste and are to be incinerated as standard biowaste. The following examples will be con-sidered as non-radioactive for disposal purposes:
Form Max, Act. (pCi of H or I4 )
3 C
20 gram mouse or white rat 1
15 300 gram rat 250 5000 gram cat 2.
Carcasses, tissues, or parts containing radioactivity or 3
14
{
materials exceedino the amount of H or C indicated in (1) above shall be packaged, labeled similarly as liquid waste, and stored s.t frozea until transferred to the RSO.
3.
The waste of (2) above may be ground up and disposed to the sanitary sewer system as long as regulated sewer disposal amounts are not ex-ceeded.
V.
Other Biological Radioactive Wastes All plants, animals, or parts containing measurable radioactivity are l
to be considered as biological radioactive waste (biowaste) except as exempted in IV(1) above. These biowaste materials shall be handled as follows:
1.
Radioactive excreta will be handled as dry or liquid waste as the case may be, t
2.
Radioactive plants or plant tissue will be handled as dry waste.
.~.
51 3.
Biowaste containing radioactive materials such as tissue specimens in test tubes must be kept frozen and handled separately from dry or liquid waste. A freezer located in the central waste storage area is used to hold short-lived radioisotopes for physical decay.
Packaoe this type of biowaste in as small a box as possible to conserve freezer space.
Requirements for labeling the containers are the same as for dry waste but, in addition, shculd specify " frozen materials".
4.
Where animal studies are involved, refer to Instruction for Animal Caretakers, Appendix I, for further information.
VI.
Recordkeepina NRC code changes permit disposal of'certain licensed materials without regard to its activity, but this does not relieve the Principal Investigator
(
from the responsibility of maintaining transfer and disposal records. The current recordkeeping system for disposal and transfer of waste raterials will remain unchanced.
52 APPENDIX E--0PERATING SPECIFICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL HOODS i
The following policy outlines the operating specification for exhaust hoods and the dilution ventilation for laboratory operations utilizing hazardous substances. Limiting factors are based on the Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Law (H0SHL) Standards and other federal rules, regulations, and guidelines. The attachment, Threshold Limit Values (TLV), is to be con-sidered as a part of this policy in determing the use of hazardous substances where the potential exposure to personnel exists.
1.
The following operations must be carried out in exhaust hoods having an average hood face velocity of at least 150 feet per minute with a minimum reading of 125 feet per minute.
b-a.
The use of materials having Threshold Limit Values (TLV) of less than j
3 10 ppm or less than 0.1 mo/m,
b.
The use of volatile and/or airborne radioactive materials.
c.
The use of known or recognized carcinogenic materials.
d.
Hood requirements for items b and c may require further restrictions as detennined by the Director, OEH & S.
l 3
[
2.
Operations utilizing materials with TLV's of less than 100 ppm or 1.0 mg/m t
exclusive of Category I must be carried out in exhaust hoods with an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute with a minimum reading of 75 feet per minute.
3 3.
For use of materials with TLV's greater than 100 ppm or 1.0 mg/m, the neces-
)
sity of utilizing exhaust hoods as a control of respirable chemical stressors is dependent upon the toxicity value(s) (TLV), rate of emission, rate of sun-J
53 ply air, size of laboratory, mixing factor (s) of laboratory and rate of exhaust air. Mechanical dilution ventilation may be considered upon approval of the Office of Environmental Health and Safety.
4.
Mechanical dilution ventilation will not be considered as adeouate control of hazardous particulate emissions.
5.
All enclosed hoods must have bypass features.
6.
Chemicals of fire and explosion hazard potential must meet the ventilation requirements for the safe use of flammables and combustibles (RE: NFPA No. 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Usina Chemicals,1975.)
7.
The replacement of exhaust hoods in laboratories for upgrading purposes or the installation of hoods in new facilities where hazardous substances may be used must meet all standard specifications for hoods including a minimum
(
average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
l I
L i
f I
,n_-.
54 APPENDIX E (Continued)--DEFINITIONS Averace Face Velocity The average velocity of air passing through the hood measured at the face.
Each measurement shall represent no more than one square foot of face area. Averace face velocity and capture velocity are synonymous.
Bypass Feature Permits the entry of make-up air into the hood when the sash is closed, thus allowing for air changes in the hood.
Dilution Ventilation Relies on the dispersion of contaminants into the general work atmosphere to reduce the copcentration of the contaminants to acceotable levels.
Exhaust Hood A system designed to remove airborne contaminants from the working area by means of air removal and capture face velocity.
mg/m Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air.
PPM Parts of vapor or pas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 250C and 760 mm Hg pressure.
Threshold Limit Value A concept developed by the American Conference of (TLV)
Governmental Industrial Hygienists to refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse ef-fects. The values attached here were adopted into legis-lation by the Occupational Safety and Health Act and subsequently by the Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Law.
Activity Concentration Microcuries of radionuclide per cubic centimeter of air (uCi/cc).
1 l
55 APPENDIX F--MONITORING PROCEDURES 1.
For Gamma Emitters a.
Smear survey (for highest sensitivity)
- 1) Use filter papers (about one inch diameter)
- 2) Smear an area about 100 square centimeters with ea'h paper.
c
- 3) Use enough papers for a thorough survey of the suspected area.
- 4) Count samples with a gamma analyzer with sodium iodide crystal, placing sample as close as possible to the detector. A thin film of plastic should always be placed between the detctor and the sample to avoid contamination of the detector.
5)
If a gancia analyzer is not available, a geiger tube with a scaler may be used although the efficiency is much less.
b.
Geiger Survey (for rapid information)
- 1) Use side window geiger survey meter.
2)
Indicates presence of contamination only--precision is very low.
c.
Ionization Chamber Survey (for precision)
- 1) Use ionization chamber meter.
2)
Precision is high but sensitivity is low--may not detect small amounts of radiation.
2.
For Beta Emitters a.
Smear Survey (for highest sensitivity--a must for Carbon-14 and tritium)
- 1) Use one inch filter papers
- 2) Smear an area about 100 square centimeters with each pa'per.
- 3) Use enough papers for a thorough survey of the suspected area.
- 4) Drop each paper into a vial containing 10 milliliters of liauid
56 scintillation counting solution and count.
5)
If a liquid scintillation counter is not available, a windowless flow counter may be used to count the filter papers.
6)
For high eneroy betas such as those from phosphorus-32, the samples can be counted with a geiger counter and scaler.
However, this system is poor for carbon-14 and useless for tritium.
b.
Geiger Survey
- 1) Use a geiger counter with a thin end window probe.
- 3) Special instruments for tritium surveys are commercially available.
3.
For Alpha Emitters a.
Smear Surveys Take smears as for beta surveys and count by liquid scintillation,
(.
windowless flow counter, or thin window GM tubes.
4.
A survey should be made at least once per month and more often if conditions
~ '
warrant.
5.
Results should be recorded and kept available for inspection by the Radiation Safety Officer or NRC inspectors.
6.
The criteria for contamination limits are found in this Appendix.
7.
Decontamination can usually be accomplished by washing with soap or detergent and water.
Diluted acid or base or other strong cleaning i
agents may be required dependinp upon the chemical form of the contami-nating material and the nature of the contaminated surface.
Disposable rags or paper towels, wet with the decontamination solution, should be used to clean the contaminated area. These materials should then be disposed of as solid radioactive waste.
Decontamination efforts should be continued
57 I
until the smear survey results indicate that the contamination has been reduced to acceptable limits.
i
O APPENDIX F (Continued)--ACCEPTABLE SURFACE CONTAMINATION LEVELS bdf bef bcf MAXIMUM REMOVABLE a
NUCLIDES AVERAGE 2
associated decay products 5000 dpm q/100 cm 15,000 dpm a/100 cm 1000 dpm a/100 cm Transuranics, Pa-226, Ra-228 Tr-230, Th-228, Pa-231, Ac-227, 2
2 2
I-129 100 dpm/100 cm 300 dpm/100 cm 20 dpm/100 cm Th-nat, Th-232, Sr-90, Ra-223, 2
2 2
Ra-224, U-232 1000 dpm/100 cm 3000 dpm/100 cm 200 dpm/100 cm Beta-gama emitters (nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emis-2 2
sion or spontaneous fission) 2 except SR-90 and others noted above.
5000 dpm By/100 cm 15,000 dpm By/100 cm 1000 dpm sy/100 cm Where surface contamination by both alpha-and beta-gamma-emitting nuclides exists, the limits estab-a lised for alpha-and beta-gamma-emitting nuclides should apply independently, As used in this table, dpm (disintegrations per minute) means the rate of emission by radioactive b
material as determined by correcting the counts per minute observed by an appropriate detector for background, efficiency, and geometric factors associated with the instrumentation.
For objects Measurements of average contaminant should not be averaged over more than 1 square meter.
c of less surface area, the average should be derived for each such object.
2 The maximum contamination level applies to an area of not mont than 100 cm,
d 2 of surface area should be determined by wiping
'The amount of removable radioactive material per 100 cm that area with dry filter or soft absorbent paper, applying moderate pressure, and assessing '.he amount When removable of radioactive material on the wipe with an appropriate instrument of known efficiency.
contamination on objects of less surface area is determined, the pertinent levels should be reduced proportionally and the entire surface should be wiped.
The average and maximum radiation levels associated with surface contamination resulting from beta-gamma I
emitters should not exceed 0.2 mrad /hr at 1 cm and 1.0 mrad /hr at 1 cm, respectively, measured through not more than 7 milligrams per square centimeter of total absorber.
)
)
--=as
- -~,.----m,,,,._,,,_..,
I 5 0.,
APPENDIX G -- QUANTITY LIMITS OF RADI0IS0 TOPES s
Metectel Microemetes Oomi u m. I 9 I en*...................
100 Meterial Microcesries Osmlurn.191 100 Americium.341
.01 Osmtum. ID3 100 Antimony.133 100 PatIndl u m.103...................
100 Antimony.134 le Palladi u m. l ee..................
3(C A n t imon y. l S6...................
le Phosphnrus.33...................
30 A rs e n tc.73.......................
100 Platin um-101 100 Arsenic.it 10 Pla t i n um.193 m.................. 100 A r ae n ic.16.......................
10 Platinum.193 100 Atee n ic. 77.......................
100 Pistin u m.19 7m..................
100 Battum.431 10 Platinum.897 100
'llenum 33 3 IO Photonium.339
.08 Bertum.440 le Prdentum-310 OI Is lam u t h.3 8 0....................
I Potaael u m. 4 3....................
10 Inton.Inc.83 30 Ca d mium.109...................
10 P.r aneod y mlu m.14 3...............
10n g rancottymium.143
'100 Cadmium.ll5m 10 Prome t h t u m. I 4 7.................
10 Cad mlum l l 6..................
100 g.romet hi u m 14 9.................
10 Ca le lu m. 4 S......................
IO Radhi m. 226.....................
.OI Calcium. 41......................
le liheni u m. l a s...................
300 Carbon.14.......................
l#
R he ni u m. l R A...................
18 4 Ce rt um.141 100 R hodi u m l oi m..................
100 Certum.143 100 R h rall u m.105................... Ino Cerium.144....................
I R u bidlu m. n6....................
10 e'.ci am.138
....................1.N Rubidium.87....
10 Ceslu m. 43 4m 100 R u t he n i u m. 0 7...................
800 Cest um. I 3 4......................
I R ut h e n i u m.103..................
10 Ce si u m. I 34.....................
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co APPENDIX I--INSTRUCTIONS FOR ANIMAL CARETAKERS For all program oroposals usino radioactive materials in animal research, an integral part of the consideration for approval will be the Principal Inves-tigator's assurance of safe handling and disposal of radioactive materials in biological specimens.
The University's Research Animal Facilities Program adopts the " Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care", Public Health Service Publication No.
1024, Rev. July 1968. Part H of the Guide, "Special Requirements For Radiation Safety", is to be considered as a part of this " Manual" as are the General Instructions for Animal Caretakers.
Where animal studies are involved, special care by animal caretakers and
{
technical personnel is required to be certain of compliance. Specific instruc-tions may be recomended by the Committee and will accompany approval of usage by the Director, OEH & S.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ANIMAL CARETAKERS General instructions for animal caretakers are given below. Specific instructions will depend on the program, isotope, levels of activity, fre-quency of use, and numbers of animals. Listed in the following are general principles.
1.
No. animal use will occur without review by the Committee and approval by the Director, OEH & S.
Approval is partly contingent on assurances that adequate provision has been made for waste disposal and that appropriate instructions relevant to that particular isotope and use have been given to the animal caretakers and technicians.
~
67 2.
All disposals will be through or under the supervision of the Radiation Safety Officer who will outline appropriate arrangements to guarantee compliance.
(See Packaging and Waste Disposal Procedures, Appendix 0.)
3.
All equipment housing biological specimens will be placed in isolated areas or quarters, with the appropriate radiation sign (s) disolayed.
4.
Racks and cages housing animal administered radioactive materials will be so labeled.
Information on the outside of the cage will include the t
date of administration, the isotope, and the quantity administered.
5.
Separate animals producing excreta having detectable radioactive activity from those that do not.
t 6.
Animal caretakers must be aware of specific f,nstructions outlined in the usage proposal and any recommendations supplemented by the Committee.
(
7.
Regular inspections will be carried out by the RSO and, when required, training sessions will be held by appropriate personnel assioned by the Director, OEH & S, in cooperation with the Director of Research Animal Facilities, to ensure proper handling of radioactive materials by technicians, animal caretakers, and supervisory personnel.
t
-~r,-
f 68 APPENDIX J--LEAK TESTING All sealed sources containing more than ten times the exemp.t licensed quantities of byproduct material (page 71 or 10 CFR 30.17) will be leak tested:
1.
Prior to use unless a certificate from the supplier or transferer indicates that a test has been made within six months of transfer (three months for an alpha emitting source).
2.
At least every six months while in normal possession of the user (at least every three months for alpha emitting sources) unless clearly designated by the RSO as being " stored" and not in use, in which instance, they will be leak tested before transfer.
3.
Before further use following any circumstances which suggests pos-sible physical damage or malfunction.
The individual possessor of a sealed source subject to requirements for leak testing will provide a test procedure acceptable to the Consnittee.
Indi-vidual arrangements relevant to the source and the circumstances of use may be made between the user and the RSO with Committee approval but one of the following procedures and guidelines will be customary:
1.
The source will be wiped with absorbent material (paper, cotton swab, etc.) which will then be counted for transferred activity.
2.
Alternately, the storage well may be lined with absorbent material such that it " wipes" the source during transit. The absorbent material may be counted in place or removed for counting.
3.
For high activity sources which represent a hazard in a direct wiping procedure, swab samples may be obtained from accessible surfaces of
69 the housing, transfer post, collimator or other part of the apparatus which may indicate leakage.
4.
Methods for analyzing leak test samples shall have a minimal sensi-tivity of 0.005 microcuries of removable contamination.
5.
Leak test results shall be kept in units of microcuries and maintained on file.
Detection of removable contamination is sufficient for imme-diate cessation of use until repair can be made. When contamination is found, a full survey of all equipnent in contact with the source shall be carried out and the adjacent areas carefully surveyed.
6.
Detection of activity shall be reported immediately to the RSO.
k
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70 APPENDIX J (con't)
Mtcroeunes Ryprudtscr material Microcunes Byproduct material Microcuries myproduct material Antimony 122 (Sb 122) 100 lodine 129 (I 129).
0.1 Scandium 45 (Sc 46) 10 Antimony 124 (Sb I 24) 10 lodine 131 (I 131).
I Scandium 47 (Sc 47) 100 Antimony 125 (Sh 125) 10 lodine 132 (I 132).
10 Scandium 48 (Sc 48) 10 Arsenic 73 (As 73).
100 lodine 133 (I 133)..
1 Selenium 75 (Sc 75)
!0 10 Silicon 31 (Si 31).
100 Arsenic 74 ( As 74).
10 lodine 134 (I 134)....
Arsenic 76 ( As 76).
10 lodine 135 (I 135)..
10 Silver 105 (Ag 105) 10 Arsenic 77 ( As 77).
100 Iridium 192 (Ir 192) 10 Silver I10m (As I10m) 1 Ilanum 131 (Ba 131).
10 Iridium 194 (Ir 194) 100 Silver 111 (Ag til) 100
" Barium 133 (Ba 133).
10 Iron 55 (Fe 55).....
100 Sodium 24 (Na 24) 10 Banum !40 (Ba l40).
10 Iron 59 (Fe 59) 10 Strontium 85 (Sr 85).
10 Bismuth 210 (Bi 2I0) 1 Krypton 85 (Kr 85).
100 Stror. tium 89 (St 89)...
I Bromine H2 (Br 82) 10 Krypton 87 (Kr 87).
10 Strontium 90 (Sr 90)...
0.1 Cadmium 100 (Cd 109).
10 Lanihanum 140(La 140)..
10 Strentium 91 (Sr 91).
10 Cadmium i15m (Cd ll5m).
10 Lutetium 177 (Lu 177) 100 Strontium 92 (Sr 92).
10 Cadmium i15 (CJ l15).
100 Manganese 5 2 (Mn $2)....
10 Sutfur 35 (S 35).
100 Calcium 45 (Ca 45) 10 Manganese 54 (Mn 54).
10 Te ntalum 182 (Ta 182) 10 Caluum 47 (C.: 47) 10 Manganese 56 (Mn 56)....
10 Technetium 96 (Tc 96) 10 Carbon 14 (C 14).
100 Mercury 197m (lig 197m)..
100 1 schnetium 97m (Tc 97m) 100 Cenum 141 (Ce 141).
100 Mercury 197 (Hg 197)..
100 Technetium 97 (Tc 97) 100 Cerium 141(Ce 143).
100 Mercury 203 (Ils 203).
10 Technetium 99m (Tc 99m) 100 Cerium 144 (Ce 144).
I Molybdenum 99 (Mo 99)..
100 Technetium 99 (Tc 99) 10 Cesium 131 (Cs 131) 1.000 Neodymium 147 (Nd 147) 100 Tellurium 125n* (Te 125m).
10 Cesium 134m (Cs 134m) 100 Neodymium 149 (Nd 149) 100 Tellurium 127m (Te 127m).
10 Cesium 134 (Cs 134) i Nickel 59 (Ni 59).
100 Tellurium 127 (Te 127).
100 Cesium 135 (Cs 135),
10 Nickel 63 (Ni 63)..
10 Tellurium 129m (Te 129m).
10
(
Cesium 136 (Cs 136) 10 Nickel 65 (Ni 65).
100 Tellunum 129 (Te 129).
100 Cesium 137 (Cs 137) 10 Niobium 93m (Nb 93m) 10 Tellurium 131m (Te 13 t m).
10 Chlorine 36 (Cl 36) 10 Niobium 95 (Nb 95) 10 Tellurium 132 (Te 132).
10 Chlorine 38 (Cl 38) 10 Niobium 97 (Nb 97) 10 Terbium 160 (Tb 160).
10 Chromium 51 (Cr 51) 1.000 Osmium 185 (Os 185) 10 Thallium 200 (Tl 200).
100 100 Thallium 201 (T1201).
100 Cobal! 58m (Co S8m) 10 Osmium l91m (Os 191m)
Cobalt 58 (Co 58) 10 Osmium 191 (Os 191) 100 Thallium 202 (T1202)..
100 Cobalt 60 (Co 60) 1 Osmium 193 (Os 193) 100 Thallium 204 (Tl 204).
10 Copper 64 (Cu 64).
100 Palladium 103 (Pd 103).
100 Thulium 170 (Tm 170) 10 Dysprosium 165 (Dy 165).
10 Palladium 109 (Pd 109).
100 Thulium 171 (Tm 171) 10 Dysprosium 166 (Dy 166).
100 Phosphorous 32 (P 32) 10 Tin 113 (Sn 113).
10 Erbium 169 (Er 169).
100 Platinum 191 (Pt 191).
100 Tin 125 (Sn 125).
10 hrbium 171 (Er 171).
100 Platinum 193m (Pt 193m).
100 Tungste.n 181 (W 181).
10 Europium 152 9.2h Platinum 193 (Pt 193)..
100 Tungsten 185 (W 185)..
10 (Eu 152 9.2h) 100 Platmum 197m (Pt 197m).
100 Tungsten 187 (W 187).
100 Europium 15213 yr Platmum 197 (Pt 197).
100 Vanadium 48 (V 48) 10 (Eu 15213 yr)
I Polonium 210 (Po 210) 0.1 Xenon 131m (Xe 13 tm) 1,000 Europium 154 (Eu 154) 1 Potassium 42 (K 42) 10 Xenon 133 (Xe 133).
100 Europium 155 (Eu 155) 10 Praseodymium 142 (Pr 142) 100 Xenon 135 (Xe 135) 100 Fluorine 18 (F 18).
1.000 Praseodymium 143 (Pr 143) 100 Ytterbium 175 (Yb 175) 100 Gadolinium 153 (Gd I$3) 10 Promethium 147 (Pm 147) 10 Yttrium 90 (Y 90).
10 Gadolinium 159 (Gd 159) 100 Promethium 149 (Pm 149) 10 Yttrium 91 (Y 91).
10 Gallium 72 (Ga 72) 10 Rhenium 186 (Re 186) 100 Yttrium 92 (Y 92).
100 Germanium 71 (Ge 71) 100 Rhenium 188 (Re 188) 100 Yttrium 93 (Y 93).
100 Gold 198 (Au 198) 100 Rhodium 103m (Rh 103m).
100 Zinc 65 (Zn 65).
10 Gold 199 (Au 199) 100 Rhodium 105 (Rh 105).
100 Zinc 69m (Zn 69m).
100 e-Itafnium 181 (llf 181).
10 Rubidium 86 (Rb 86)....
10 Zinc 69 (In 69).
1,000 llolmium 166 (Ho 166).
100 Rubidium 87 (Rb 87) 10 Zirconium 93 (Zr 93) 10 100 Z rconium 95 (Zr 95) 10 Ilydrogen 3 Iil 31 1,000 Ruthenium 97 (Ru 97).
100 Ruthenium 103 (Ru 103) 10 Zirconium 97 (Zr 97) 10 Indium i13m (in i13m)...
Indium Ildm (In ll4m) 10 Ruthenium 105 (Ru 105).
10 Any hyproduct material not listed Indium i15m (In ll5m) 100 Ruthenium 106 (Ru 106).
I above other than alpha emitting Indium 115 (In 115) 10 Samanum 151 (Sm 151) 10 byproduct material 01 lodine 125 (I 125).
I Samarium 153 (Sm 153) 100 lodine 126 (I 126).
1
71 APPENDIX K--RADIATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES In the event of a radioactive incident, the RS0 shall be contacted as soon as possible for assistance.
A.
MINOR SPILLS: The following actions should be taken to contain a minor spill:
1.
Warn others of the spill.
2.
Isolate the spill area.
3.
Minimize exposure to yourself and others by confining the material a.
Absorb liquid with a dry absorbent material and treat as solid radioactive waste.
b.
If powder, damoen the area first to prevent spread of airborne activity.
4.
Decontaminate to acceptable levels per Appendix F.
B.
MAJOR SPILLS: A major release of radioactive materials would be potentially hazardous to personnel who might uptake the loose material or receive direct external radiation. A major spill shall be controlled using the SWIM procedure:
S Secure the leak W_ Warn others I_ Isolate the spill area M_ Minimize exposure Then call the RSO for assistance.
Minimizing exposure means using appropriate time, distance, and shielding techniques for strong camma and/or beta emitters.
It also means to avoid breathing vapors from evaporating liquids and dusting m
72 powders as well as keeping materials from contaminating the skin and clothing.
C.
ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADI0 ACTIVE AEROSOLS (Dusts, Mists, Fumes, Organic Vapors, and/or gases that may or may not be soills):
Following an accident of this type:
1.
Ensure that other persons vacate the room at once.
2.
While holding your breath, quickly close all windows and ventila-tion dampers, and switch off all air circulating devices (e.g.,
fans, air conditioners, etc.) and hoods, if possible.
l 3.
Vacate the room as soon as possible.
4.
Motify the RS0 (Ext. 8591 or 8660) g once.
5.
Ascertain that all doors to the area are closed and locked.
l 6.
Post guards if necessary.
k l
7.
Allow no one to enter the room until cleared by the RSO.
l D.
INJURIES TO PERSONNEL USING RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS:
- j 1.
Ensure that all minor wounds are washed under running water imme-diately.
2.
Ensure that proper first aid is rendered immediately in case of a serious accident.
3.
Call a physician immediately.
1 4.
Report all accidents or injuries to the RSO (Ext. 8591 or 8660) as soon as possible.
E.
FIRES INVOLVING RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS:
1.
Sound the building alara. This will automatically implement
" Action--EVACUATE BUILDING".
2.
Notify the Fire Department and the RSO by telephoning the Operator (0)
73 during working hours or Security (8963) after working hours. Be sure to give the EXACT LOCATION of the emergency.
3.
Ensure that lookouts are posted to direct the firemen to the emergency AND to inform them of the radiation hazards involved.
4.
Attempt to put out the fire if a radiation hazard is not imme-diately present.
5.
Inform the Fire Chief of the exact nature of the hazards involved and remain in the area (if not injured) at least until the RSO arrives.
6.
Assist the RSO with the monitoring of fire-fighting personnel i
after the fire, if so requested.
7.
Allow no one to enter the area until cleared by the Fire Department k...
AND the RSO.
I
--.