ML20195B915
| ML20195B915 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 05/20/1986 |
| From: | NRC |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20195B895 | List: |
| References | |
| FOIA-85-841 NUDOCS 8605290582 | |
| Download: ML20195B915 (152) | |
Text
&
RADI ATIO!!/C0 ;TAMIt!ATI0t!
PROTECTI0tl EXAM
?!AME DATE PART I (65 Points)
(4 points) 1.
List the four major types of ionizing radiation.
(2 points) 2.
Radioactive material in an area where you do not want it and where personnel could get it into or onto their bodies is called (2 points) 3.
The release of particles or photon energy from the nucleus of an unstable atom is called (2 points) 4.
An inspection by which a health physics technician determines the radiological conditions in an area is ctiled a (3 points) 5.
What radiological conditions must be known before a person may be permitted inside the Radiation Controlled Area (RCA)?
a.
b.
c.
.(2 points) 6.
?!ame the two categories of surface contaimination.
The unit,for measuring dose (damage) to living tissue is called (2 points) 7.
the (2 points) 8.
Pocket Dosimeters show accumulated dose from gamma radiation.
True False (2 points) 9.
What biological symptoms would you expect from a whole body dose of 200 Rem received in one day?
(3 points) 10.
List 3 methods you can use to minimize your exposure while working in the RCA.
a.
8605290582 860520 N
1 c.
L A
2 (2 points)
- 11. What dose rate must exist to post an area as a Radiation Area?
-(3 points).
- 12. List actions you should take if you discover an emergency, a.
b.
c.
(2 points)
- 13. What are the standard colors for radiation rope, signs and labels?
(2 points)
- 14. A temporary posted area is barricaded by....
(1) A locked Door (2) At least two strands of rope or tape (3)
At least one strand of pe or tape (L) Halls, fences or chains (2 points) 15.
Most licensees establish dadministrative dose limits" which are below the NRC legal dose limits.
True False (2 points).
- 16. The recommended flRC dose limit for pregnant women is for the 9 month gestation period.
(2 points)
- 17. The NRC regulation that controis standards for protection against radiation is
?
(2 points)
- 18.. All items removed from the RCA must be surveyed.
True False (3 points)
_19.
List Three of the devices a Licensee might provide for personnel to check themselves for contamination, a.
b.
c.
(2 points)
- 20. What is a Bioassay?
e
3 If radioactive contamination becomes airborne, personnel must (2 points) 21.
before entering the area.
Local respirator fitting and testing is necessary at each facility (2 points) 22.
because (2 points)
- 23. *dhat is a curie?
List two types of records required by 10CFR 20.
(2 points) 24.
a.
b.
How long can a worker remain in the following radiation fields (4 points) 25.
and not exceed a dose of 100 m Rem?
a.
25 m Rem / Hour b.
1 Rem / Hour (2 points)
- 26. What is a Radiation Work Permit (RWP)?
(2 points) 27.
Who must read the RWP? Why?
Radioactive material in an OPEN system presents what type o'f
'(2 points)'
28.
radiation hazard?
~
a.
Beta and gamma hazard l
b.
Gamma hazard only c.
Beta hazard only (1 point)
- 29. Whose primary responsibility is it to minimize"your radiation exposure?
a.
NRC b.
Licensee
+
4 PART II (35 Points)
You are visiting the I.C. HUE Nuclear Plant.
Your duties require you to observe a maintenance procedure inside the Radiation Controlled Area (RCA).
Attached are a Radiation Work Permit for this maintenance job and a RilP time card,,
a.
Read the RWP and fill out the time card. (RWP IS PAGE 7 OF THIS EXAM) b.
Answer the questions 31 - 40 regarding this maintenance procedure.
NOTE:
Your TLD number is 4751 Your Pocket Dosimeter number is 678714 Your Pocket Dosimeter reads 2 m Rem on entry into the RCA Your Pocket Dosimeter reads 40 m Rem after exit from the RCA Time in:
10:15 A.M., Time out:
11:00 A.M.
(a points) 30.
l.C. HUE NUCLEAR PLANT RWP TIME CARD NAMF TLD No.
. DOSIMETER No.
~
DATE RWP No.
. TIME IN TIME OUT DOSE IN DOSE OUT TOTAL DOSE 6
-5 1
(1 point)
- 31. Which of the following items of protective clothing are required to be worn by the RWP?
a.
Hood b.
Personal outer clothing c.
Rubber shoes d.
Plastic suit (1 point)
- 32. What type of respirator is required for this job?
a.
Full - face filter mask b.
Self-contained air-pak c.
Air supplied hood d.
None.of the above
.(1' point)
- 33. Which of the following dosimetry devices must you wear on this i
job?
a.
TLD (vendor) b.
TLD (ICH) c.
Pocket Dosirneter d.
All of the above 4
(1 point)
- 34. The dose rate (exposure rat'e) on' contact with the pump shaft is the general area exposure rate.
a.
Greater than b.
Less than c.
The same as d.
None of the above (1 point)
- 35. Which of the following is NOT a special instruction on the RWP?
a.
Contain all leakage (water) with absorbent and disp'ose in waste container b.
Frisk yourself thoroughly prior to leaving the 100' EL. -
c.
Leave TLD on cart outside the pump room d.
Wrappumpshaftpriortotransporting (3 points) 36.
List three times when workers on this job are required to contact a health physics technician.
a.
i D-c,
. (2 points) 37.
If you had been assigned an " administrative dose limit" of 100 m Rem what would your " stay time" be?
'(2 points)'
38.
What was the Total Dose as read by your pocket dosimeter?
Does this figure correspond to the dose rate listed on the RWP?
-(10 points) 39.
Assume you are dressed out as the RWP requires.
As you approach the control point there is no HP personnel to advise you on the desired disrobing procedure.
Mark in the area below the order that you would use to disrobe and to minimize the spread of i
containination, fl Approach the first step-off pad Remove coveralls Remove canvas shoe covers (booties)
Untape & remove rubber gloves Remove rubber shoe covers Remove cotton glove liners Remove surgeon's cap Remove TLD and Pocket Dosimeter Approach second step ~-off pad Untape cotton glove liners Untape canvas shoe covers (booties)
- 12 Frisk yourself, your personnel monitoring devices & go get dressed (5 points) 40.
Upon leaving the area one of the workman discovers he has contamination on his. face and hands.
lihat are your actions?
t e.
e
i.v. nut 55" ^'
O NINE NUCLEAR PLANT cWP #
1 0 l 3 d 9' RADI ATIO N WORK PERMIT Ajt.ocotion: 100' evel tute Date Est Completions Requested
' D '"
8*
Maintenance "B" Charge Pump Requested; 9/08/78
""'"d 9/09/78 10/12/78 s
- Pull pump shaft and replace as per the no, 8312 j a Ru Opns & Surveillonce Ma intenance (mwr) si sob Deser plion.
EXP.
O Routine Mainteaor-ce
-s maintenance work request (mvr)
O Inservice Inspection CAT EGORY S 5pecial Maintenance O Weste Processing O Refueling RADIOLOGICAt CONDITIONS Rodiotion Levels Contomination Airborne Contact iWork Area Activity Activily Location Type mrem /lfr -
mrem /Ifr Type Opm/100cm2 uCi/mi Monitor Survey Number lPP 1.01 -78 2.
Pump Room"D~~
By 110 mr /hr
-~BP P 101-78 I Pump _shaf t-SY 50 mr/hr 2
BPP 102-78 3.fump_ShaIt
.av 100,000alpmL1Dfl
<m 4.
I PROTECTIVE REQUIREMENTS ll IIcolth Physics
[]C Intermittont O Timekeeper M Contoct HP For Line Dreaks 50 Monitor Eaulpment Coverage O Continuous O Duddy System
[M Contact lip before Work in End Of Job Requirements M Stort of Job O Respirators New Arco tFJ Cleon up your work creo, during Q End of Job O Temporary Shielding Q Prefect Cuts and of ter lob.
R PF D
TLD (Vendoel x:
s Coveralls; I pr.: Arx xx F
Shoe Covers IConvast p
Surgeons Cop g
il Convas flood E
llolfFoce 10 0
TLD (ICH)
_X:
O Lob Coot E
Plastic Dooties E
Plastic flood 5
Full Foce 50 Dosimeter x,
D Plastic Suit E
Rubber Shoes y
Y Popar Coverolls T
Poper shoe Covers A_
Foce Shield x:.
P Self Contained 10K I
Desimeter (High) ll Cloth Gloves Kx Tope Gloves &
D Goggles I
Air Hood 2K M
E = t remity TLD A
Rubber Gloves xy Bootics to Hard flot R
Lorel Air Sompter E
Neutron Bodge H
Work Gloves Coverotis XX A
7 T
R D
Sorocons Gloves No Personal 0
Y Outer Clothing XX 5
R Y
ALARA Review Rewired M Yn O No l
o i all leakage (water) with absorbent & dispose in Waste Containct.
O Prior to Job O After Job 2.
Wrnp removed shaft in poly prior to transporting & contact Ilp prior to Comments moving from charging pump room.
3.
Frisk yourself thoroughly prior to leaving the 100' elev.
- 4.
Additional equipment may be required during the course of the job.
Date 11l Termination Arprovols U""
Henfth Physics foM 6'-
09 _&
neoris Physics Woek Supervisor W
/54 @ 3 /7 8 Reason Shif t Supervision Q
Q g
g*)k i
Cncy I-white-Work Locotion & Return to llP 1
/'
f Cepy 7-blue--Posted on RCA Entronce Copy 3-pink-shift Stenervisor
i ONE DAY RADIATION /CONTA"INATION PROTECTION TRAIflING FOR flRC EMPLOYEES 8:30 -
9:20 A.M.
Introduction Radiation Terms Sources of Radiation 9:30 - 10:20 A.M.
Biological Effects of Radiation Review of 10 CFR 19 & 20 10:30 - 11 :30 A.M.
Methods of Protection Against Radiation -& Contamination Personnel fionitoring Devices 11:30 - 12:30 P.M.
LUNCH 12:30 - 1:20 P.M.
Typical Nuclear Plant Layout Area Posting Typical Access Control Procedures 1:30 - 2:20 P.M.
Control Point Setup Protective Clothing Exercise i
2:30 -
3:00 P.M.
Introduction to Respiratory Protection Equipment 3:00 - 4:00 P.M.
WRITTEN EXAM.
i 4
4 6
~,.r-,....---
r..-m,----w
ONE DAY RADIATION /CONTA '.INATION CROTECTION TRAINING FOR NRC EMPLOYEES 8:30 -
9:20 A.M.
Introduction Radiation Terms Sources of Radiation 9:30 - 10:20 A.M.
Biological Effects of Radiation Review of 10 CFR 19 & 20 10:30 - 11 :30 A.M.
Methods of Protection Against Radiation & Contamination Personnel Monitoring Devices 11 :30 - 12:30 P.M.
LUNCH 1 :. 0 P.M.
Typical Nuclear Plant Layout 2
12:30 -
Area Posting Typical Access Cont ol Procedures 1 :30 -
2 :20 P.M.
Control Point Setup Protective Clothing Exercise 2:30 -
3:00 P.M.
Introduction to Respiratoiy Protection Equipment 3:00 - 4:00 P.M.
WRITTEN EXAM.
m
One Day Radiation / Contamination Protection Training for NRC Employees A.
Introduction B.
Radiation Terms 1.
Radioactivity Curie 2.
Radiation Alpha Beta Gamma X-Ray Neutron 3.
Half Life 4.
Ionization 5.
Dose Roentgen Rod Rem 6.
Dose Rate 7.
Stay Time
- 8. ' Contamination (types & properties)
C.
Sources of Radiation 1.
Natural Background (with demonstration) and manmade sources Cosmic fiedical Terrestrial Electromagnetic Internal Weapons Testing
OflE DAY RADIATION /C0tiTAf*IIIATIOfi PROTECTION TRAIliIf;G FOR flRC EMPLOYEES 8:30 -
9:20 A.M.
Introduction Radiation Terms Sources of Radiation 9:30 - 10:20 A.M.
Biological Effects of Radiation Review of 10 CFR 19 & 20 10:30 - 11.30 A.M.
Methods of Protection Against Radiation & Contamination Personnel fionitoring Devices 11 :30 - 12:30 P.M.
LUNCH 12:30 -
1:20 P.M.
Typical Nuclear Plant Layout Area Posting Typical Access Control Procedures 1 :30 -
2:20 P.M.
Control Point Setup Protective Clothing Exercise 2:30 -
3:00 P.M.
Introduction to Respiratory Protection Equipment 3:00 - 4:00 P.M.
WRITTEN EXAM.
I e
One Day Radiation / Contamination Protection Training for NPC Employees A.
Introduction B.
Radiation Terms 1.
Radioactivity Curie 2.
Radiation Alpha Beta Gamma X-Ray Neutron 3.
Half Life 4
Ionization 5.
Dose Roentgen Rod Rem 6.
Dose Rate 7
Stay Time
- 8. ' Contamination (types & properties)
C.
Sources of Radiation 1.
Natural Background (with demonstration) and manmade sources Cosmic fledical Terrestrial Electromagnetic Internal Weapons Testing
L 1
l 2.
At a nuclear facility Fuel Decay Fission Process Fission Product Decay Activation Products Calibration Sources D.
Biological Effects of Radiation l
1.
Cellular Level How damage is done l
Possible cellular processes 2.
Body Level Acute effects Cronic effects l
3.
Radiosensitivity factors E.
Review of 10CFR 19 & 20 10CFR 19 - Workers' Rights & Responsibilities 1.
Notices to Workers i
Instructions to Workers l'
Reports to Workers
?
Rights During Inspections 2.
10CFR 20 i
Permissible Dose, levels & Concentrations Precautionary Procedures n
Waste Disposal Regulations Records, Reports & Notifications F. ' Methods of Protection Against Radiation and Contamination a
L
1.
Radiation Minimize Time Maximize Distance Maximize Shielding 2.
Contamination Minimize Leakage Good Housekeeping Fr--' rent Surveys Access Control Protective Clothing Respiratory Protection Bioassays G.' Personal Monitoring Devices - (demonstration) 1.
TLD 2.
Fil'm Badge 3.
Pocket Dosimeter H.
Typical Nuclear Plant Layout 1.
Buildings and Equipment 2.
Security Areas Exclusion Area Isolation Zone Protected Area Vital /Non-Vital Areas i
i 3.
Radiation Controlled Areas Restricted /Non-Restricted Areas t
l.
Area Posting Requirements
1.
Radiation Area Sign 2.
High Radiation Area Sign 3.
Contaminated Area Sign 4.
Airborne Radioactive Materials Sign etc.
J.
Typical Access Control Procedures 1.
Identification / Security Check 2.
Radiation & Site Briefing Escorted / Unescorted Access Authorization 3.
4 Radiation Work Permit / Authorization Control Point Setup (demonstration)
K.
Protective Clothing Exercise (full dress out)
L.
1.
Dressing / taping Techniques Conduct Inside RCA (Emergency Procedures) 2.
3.
Undressing Procedures / Contamination Checks 4
Personal Decontamination Procedures M.
Introdu: tion to Respiratory Protection Equipment 1.
Respiratory Hazards 2.
Standards for Protection (MPC) 3.
Types of Respiratory Protection Devices 4
Protection Facto,rs 5.
Acceptable Respiratory Protection Programs N.
Review 0.
Written Exam
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10 CFR 19 NOTICES TO WORKERS:
10 CFR 19 & 10 CFR 20 OPERATING LICENSE OPER ATING PROCEDURES VIOLATION NOTICES NRC FORM 3 i
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION p' ** *"%,
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Washington. D.C. 20555
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STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION (PART 20); NOTICES, INSTRUCTIONS AND REPORTS TO WORKERS;1NSPECTIONS (PART 19)
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10 CFR 19 INSTRUCTIONS TO WORKERS:
- STATUS OF RADIOACTIVE M ATERIALS
- RADIATION PROTECTION TRAINING l
e EMERGENCY RESPONSE TR AINING
l I
i 10 CFR 19 1
REPORTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE:
1 e ANNUALLY ON REQUEST
- ANY EXPOSURE REPORT TO NRC i
- UPON TERMINATION l
l l
REQUEST OF FORMER EMPLOYEE
9 10 CFR 19 RIGHTS DURING INSPECTIONS:
- PRIVATE CONSULTATION WITH INSPECTOR i
- WORKER'S REPRESENTATIVE e REPRESENTATIVE'S CONSULTANT
- REQUEST FOR INSPECTION
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10 CFR 20 e Permissible Dose, Levels, and Concentrations e Precautionary Procedures e Waste Disposal Regulations e Records, Reports & Notifications i
1
10 CFR 20 DOSE STANDARDS IN RESTRICTED AREAS:
QUARTERLY YEARLY WHOLE BODY (REM) 1.25 5
HANDS & FEET (REM) 18.75 75 SKIN OF WHOLE BODY (REM) 7.5 30 l
t 3 REM / QUARTER IF EXPOSURE HISTORY IS KNOWN (NRC FORM 4)
AND LIFETIME EXPOSURE DOES NOT EXCEED 5(N-18)
N= AGE IN YEARS
i 10 CFR 20 l
l DOSE STANDARDS IN UNRESTRICTED AREAS l
e.5 Rem / YEAR e 2m Rem / HOUR l
e 100 m Rem / 7 DAYS EFFLUENT RELEASES APPENDIX "B" l
e DETERMINATION OF PRIOR DOSE NRC FORM 4
- EXPOSURE TO RADIOACTIVE MATERI ALS IN AIR
( 10 CFR APPENDIX B) e EXPOSURE TO MINORS
.125 REM / QUARTER WHOLE BODY 1.875 REM / QUARTER HANDS & FEET
.75 R EM/QU ARTE R SKIN OF WHOLE BODY
PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES l
- SURVEYS l
- PERSONNEL MONITORING i
- CAUTION SIGNS & LABELS
- ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
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10 CFR 70-4 i
e SPECIAL COMMISSION APPROVAL l
e SANITARY SEWERAGE SYSTEMS APPENDIX "B"
RECORDS REPORTS AND NOTIFICATIONS
- RADIATION EXPOSURE REPORTS ( FORM NRC-5)
- AREA SURVEY RECORDS e DISPOSAL OF LICENSED MATERIAL RECORD e THEFT OR LOSS OF MATERIAL REPORT e INCIDENT NOTIFICATIONS IMMEDIATE o
24 HOUR OVEREXPOSURE NOTIFICATIONS I
e PERSONNEL MONITORING REPORTS 4
TYPICAL REACTOR LAYOUT PLAN
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7l 8 0 ll 3 ll 5 ll 3 l RADI ATIO N WORK PERMIT A] Location: 100' evel Date Date Est. Completion Reouested D ";
By:
Maintenance
- B" Charge Pump Requested:
9/08/78 Required: 9/09/78 10/12/78 Maintenance (mwr) $ O R= opns & Suiveilkmce 8] Job
Description:
EXP.
Pull pump shaft and replace as per the No.
8312 O Routine Maintenance maintenance work request (mwr)
O Inservice inscectica CAT EGORY tg Special Maintenance O Woste Processing O Refueling Dl RADIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Rodiation Levels Contamination Airborne Contact Work Area Activity Activity Locotion Type mrem /Hr mrem /Hr Type Dpm/IO0cm3 uCl/mi Monitor Survey Number urt' 101 -78 110 mr /hr
_lEump shnf t-a+v 50 mr/hr BPP 101-78 2.
Pump Room"D' B~
By 100,000 rinm/100 rm2 BPP 102-78
- 3. Pumo Shat t A
ll El PROTECTIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Physics DC Intermittant O Timekeeper td Contoct HP For Line Breaks N Monitor Equipment Coverage O continuous O Buddy System m Contact HP before Work in End Of Job Requirements El Stort of Job O Respirators New Area M Cleon up your work oreo, during 9 End of Job O Temporary Shreiding g Protect Cuts and offer job.
R PF D
TLD (Vendor) xi 5
Coveralls; I pr.; StrK xx F
Shoe Covers (Convas) yv Surgeons Cop n
O Lob Coot E
Pbstic Docties Convas Hood E_ Hoff Face 10 0
TLD (ICH) x,:
H D
Plostic Suit E
Rubber Shoes yv E
Plastic Hood S
Full Face 50 5
Dosimeter x,:
Y Paper Coveroits T
Paper Shoe Covers
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A Face Shield x)
P Self-Contained IOK I
Dosimeter (High) 14 Cloth Gloves xx Tope Gt wes &
D Goggles I
Air-Hood 2K M
E x tremity TLD A
Rubber Gloves x, x Booties to Hard Hot R
Lopel Air Sampler E
Neutron Badge N
Work Gloses Coverolls XX A
T D
Surgeons Gloves No Personal T
R 5
Outer Clothing XX 0
Y J
Special Remarks:
ALARA Review Required 00 Yes O No 1.
Contain all leakage (water) with absorbent & dispose in Waste Container.
O Prior to Job D Aher Job 2.
Wrap removed shaft in poly prior to transporting & contact ilP prior to Comments moving from charging pump room.
3.
Frisk yourself thoroughly prior to leaving the 100' elev.
- 4.
Additional equipment may be required during the course of the job.
Gl Approvals Date Hl Terminotion Hecith Physics P
PWw oct. 4 ) E oote:
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Work Supervisor d
Hg h gq/gl~?Q Health Physics Q kgW g[%
Reason Shil Supervision Copy I~ white-Work Location & Return to HP
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Copy 2-blue-Posted on RCA Entrance
I.C. HUE NUCLEAR PLANT RWP TIME CARD NAMF TLD No.
DOSIMETER No.
DATE RWP No.
TIME IN TIME OUT DOSE IN DOSE OUT TOTAL DOSE D
--.------s
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PERSONAL f!ONITORING DEVICES Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD)
At least one TLD badge will be issued to each person who enters the Radiation Controlled Area..This device is used to measure an individual's accumulated beta and gamma radiation doses. The badge consists of chips of a special material, which store energy when exposed to radiation. This energy is re-leased as light when the TLD is processed periodically. The amount of light released increases with the amount of radiation absorbed. Behind the label of the small light-proof holder which contains the chips are small shields which allow an individual's skin dose to be measured.
It is important to wear the TLD so the label side is always facing the source of radiation rather than the individual's person'.
Direct-reading Pocket Dosimeters A direct-reading pocket dosimeter is a device which provides immediate, any.
time-anywhere gamma and x-ray exposure information.
The device is a cylinder resembling a fountain pen and has a scale at one end which is visible when
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looking through a lens at the other end. A hairline moves across the scale _in-dicating the amount of accumulated dose.
These dosimeters are available in different ranges and will be issued depending on the job. All personnel who
- enter the Radiation Controlled Area will be issued a 01 rect-reading pocket dosimeter at the Access Control Station.
On jobs where the dose may be high, two dosimeters may be issued.
Personnel will record the readings on their dosimeter card upon entering and after leaving the RCA. The-pocket dosimeter should also be read frequently while being worn to see if a limit or guide is -
being approached.
If the dosimeter indicates that a guide or limit is being approached or if a guide or limit has been exceeded, leave the work area immediately, proceed to the - Access Control Point and Contact HP personnel so the dosimeter can be rezerced.
The dosimeter is no't a rugged instrument so. dropping it or bumping it on a hare' m face can cause erroneous readings.
If this occurs report immedictcly to HP pu sorir.Gl.
Both the TLD and pocket dosimeter should be worr on the front of the person above the waist and _ below the shoulders in a plainly visible position, unless there is a ~ serious possibility of loss or contamination.
For harsh working conditions they may be worn under the protective clothing.
If at any time an individual realizes his TLD or pocket dosimeter is lost, t'amaged, or con-taminated, he should _immediately leave the work area, proceed to an access con-trol point and notify the Health Physics Department.
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D osim nia Film Badges A film badge consists of a small piece of X-ray film inserted into a metal or plastic holder.
It is worn on the outer clothing and is the most common type of total dose exposure measuring devices, it is used mainly to detect gamma and X-ray radiation and high energy beta radiation.
The film badge does not react to aloha radiation.
The badge consists of a netal or plastic jacket in which a obotograph or name-plate may be inserted.
Inside the jacket are a front and rear filter composed of lead,. cadmium, or some other shielding material f4etween these are in-serted one or more bits of film with varying sensitivities.
In one portion of the jacket, there is a window to admit low energy gamma rays or beta rays.
After film badge has been worn for a period of time, several days or weeks, the film is removed and developed by standard photographic techniques. The film will be darkened in proportion to the amount of radiation received.
The darkened film may be compared with a set of control films of the same type which have been exposed to a known amount of radiation. A densitometer is used to neasure the density of the image on the film.
This measure is then compared with densities of known quantities of radiation 0,f given energies.
In this way an estinate can be made of the amount of radiation received by the person wearing the film badge.
Obviously, the badge should always be worn by the person when in a radiation area and it should not be exposed to radiation when not being worn by the person.
Neutron Dosimetry Personnel entering containment during power operation or working with neutron sources will normallu be issued a neutron film badge prior to entry.
In special cases the HP Supervisor may authorize time keeping versus dose rate and elininate the use of a neutron badge Special Monitoring Devices Additional personnel monitoring devices may be issued from time to time. These include ring badges, for monitoring extremity dose and, pocket chirpers for areas with highly variable dose rates
22 RULES 1.
Learn the use of plant communications TO REMEMBER systems and memorize the phone numbers of the control room and health physics office.
2.
Read and understand the radiation work g
permit that pertains to your work.
'NRC 3.
Report the presence of open wounds to n
health physics personnel before entry
', ( ' /g into a co'ntaminated area and immediately if a wound occurs inside a contaminated g
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( p" area.
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Obtain the required dosimetry devices (TLD, film badge, pocket dosimeter) listed on
,,o the radiation work permit and wear them
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If you are required to wear a respirator, insure you have been properly trained and L
fitted on that model respirator.
Insure that the respirator offers the proper protection 3
for the type of hazard involved.
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Wear protective clothing and respirators
,4 (if required) properly to minimize the spread of contamination.
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Do not eat, drinL, smoke or chew in a con-g taminated area.
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Utilize time in a radiation area wisely.
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Avoid hot spots.
9.
Utilize distance by working in the lowest F[c
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Utilize shielding where provided.
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Keep track of your own radiation G
exposure and avoid exceeding NRC i
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Obey posted, verbal and written in-i l
structions on your conduct inside a l 8.8 l l
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(Hemember that one strand of
'9E!C l yellow and magenta rope constitutes a radiation barrier.)
RADIATION AREA N
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Do not unnecessarily touch a con-j j i
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working.
Place contaminated items
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not in use or upon exiting the area.
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- 15. Avoid touching your face (or other k
clean surfaces or equipment) with the outer rubber gloves.
Always assume i
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Obey "stop work" and " evacuate" y
p'I. p orders of health physics personnel.
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assembly areas.
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17.
If you discover an emergency:
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change in radiological conditions) f
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Contact control room 2.
Inform other personnel in the area 3.
Life saving first aid (if qualified)
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Evacuate the area
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k formed will vary with the emergency) kW g
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Removc - '--+'
c atn t'ig properly contamina-k to minimize the,'
tion.
Deposit items in appropriate n,-
E*g marked receptacles.
Exampl e : Cotton g,
items (coveralls, hood, cap, inner v.,- -,- m
(
l gloves and shoecovers) might be placed r
in one receptacle.
Rubber items (outer A.4 '
t gloves, shoecovers, and respirators) l g',
.g might go into another receptacle.
Waste material (tape, rags, paper, etc.) will go into a separate receptacle.
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Frisk your self or be frisked 4(,
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upon leaving a contaminated area.
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If you discover that you have y,
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If you must move gg*7fg, to a differer.t location try to cover
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TOXIC ATMOSPHERE RADIOACTIVE OR NON-RADIOACTIVE SOLIDS - DUST, FUMES, SMOKE, BACTERI A LIQUIDS - FOGS, MISTS, SPR AYS GASES - INERT, ACIDIC, ALKALINE NUISANCE IRRITANT TO SYSTEMIC POISON 1
STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION NON-RADIOACTIVE RADIOACTIVE THRESHOLD NO THRESHOLD CONCEPT VALUE (TLV)
(MPC)
ACGlH 10 CFR 20 APP.B GASES & VAPORS CO L.1 PPM yC/M L PARTICLES 3
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ACGlH'S THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV)
AND EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS (EEL)
- TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TLV-TWA)
NO PROTECTION REQUIRED 8 HOURS PER DAY OR 40 HOURS PER WEEK
- SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (TLV-STEL)
NO PROTECTION REQUIRED 15 MINUTE EXPOSURE -4 TIMES PER DAY
- EMERGENCY EXPOSURE, LIMIT (EEL)
BRIEF SINGLE EXPOSURE PROBABLE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
- CEILING [TVL-C?
NOT TO BE EXCEEDED WITHOUT RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EVEN INSTANTANEOUSLY
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j 40 HOURS OF EXPOSURE PER 7 CONSECUTIVE DAYS MICROCURIES/ MILLILITER l
pCi/mi e NO RADIATION OVEREXPOSURE e NO ADVERSE EFFECTS EXPECTED OVER WORKING LIFETIME
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9 AIR SUPPLIED DEVICES e AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR e CONNECTED TO NON-CONTAMINATED COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM e CONSTANT FLOW, DEMAND OR PRESSURE DEMAND TYPES e MAX HOSE LENGTH IS 300 FEET e HOSE MASK RESPIRATOR e HOSE LINE OPEN TO NON-COMPRESSED, BREATHABLE AIR e MAX HOSE LENGTH - 75 FEET i
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NUREG MANUAL.0041 e AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM e TRAINING PROGRAM i
e FITTING & TESTING PROGRAM e CONTROL & USE PROGRAM e MAINTENANCE PROGRAM e BIOASSAY PROGRAM e RECORD KEEPING PROGRAM
RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 1.
OSHA a.
Title 29 CFR Part 1910.134 " Respiratory Protection" b.
Title 30 CFR Part 11 " Respiratory Protective Devices" c.
MESA /NIOSH - Certified Equipment 2.
ANSI Z88.2 - 1969 " Practices for Respiratory Protection" a.
Z48.1 - 1954 (R 1971) " Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers" b.
286.1 - 1972 " Commodity Specification for Air".
Also CGA Spec c.
G-7.1.
Use CGA Pamphlet G-7 " Compressed Air for Human Respiration" in conjunction with G-7.1.
3.
NRC 10 CFR Part 20 " Standards for Protection Against Radiation" a.
10 CFR Part 20.103 " Exposure of Individuals to Concentrations of b.
Radioactive Material in Air in Restricted Areas" Regulatory Guide 8.15 " Acceptable Programs for Respiratory Protection" c.
NUREG Manual 0041 " Respiratory Protection Against Airborne Radioactive d.
Material".
4.
DOE Family LA-6370-M "ERDA Division of Safety, Standards & Compliance Respirator a.
Manual" 5.
Federal a.
49 CFR Part 178 " Shipping Container Specification Regulations" b.
FED Spec BB-A-1034a " Air, Compressed for Breathing Purposes" Fed Spec GG-B-0067b " Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained" c.
hTERN ATON A'_ SYS, EVI 0: UV-S SI UNIT OLD UNIT CURIE BECQUEREL COULOMB ROENTGEN KILOGRAM RAD GRAY SIEVERT REM The United States has yet to fully implement the use of the internation-ally accepted system of units and measures (SI).
The SI units shown above are expected to gradually replace the curie, roentgen, rad and rem in technical literature.
y--
o 3.7 x 10' DIS.
1 CURIE SEC.
1 DIS.
1 Bq.
SEC.
4 1 Bq.
2.7 x 10 ' 'Ci.
~
n-One curie is defined as the amount of any radioactive material that decays at the rate of 37 billion disintegrations per second.
One bec-querel equals one reciprocal second (sec'1).
Therefore, we can say that one curie egaals 37 billion becquerel.
1 SIEVERT 1 REM 1 SIEVERT 100 REM The sievert will replac5 the rem as the unit of biological damage to human tissue.
One rem equals 1/100 sievert.
One sievert equals 100 rem.
f
COULOMB
_4 1 ROENTGEN 2.58 x 10 KILOGRAM 1
COULOMB Z
3876 ROENTGEN KILOGRAM l
l The coulomb / kilogram will replace the roentgen.
The correct repre-
~1 sentation of coulomb / kilogram is coulomb kilogram
1 GRAY 1 RAD
=
100 1 GRAY
=
100 RAD
.The gray will replace the rad as the unit of absorbed dose.
One rad equals 1/100 sf a gray.
One gray equals 100 rad.