ML20151P496

Petition Requesting Implementation of Emergency Safeguard Measures to Assure Protection of Strategic Quantities of SNM Currently Held or Transported by Licensees Or,Alternatively, for Revocation of Licenses

ML20151P496
Person / Time
Site:	Westinghouse, Erwin, 07000754, BWX Technologies, 07000734, 07000008, 07000364, 07000925, 07000371, Framatome ANP Richland, 07000135, 07000033, Wood River Junction, 07001319, 07001143
Issue date:	02/02/1976
From:	Speth J National Resources Defense Council
To:
Shared Package
ML20151P494	List: ML20151P492 ML20151P496
References
NUDOCS 8601140646
Download: ML20151P496 (13)

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HUCLE7tR IEGULIWOW CO "11SSION s

U:U.TED SYNWS OF ANERICA 1;nc Dkt. Kas.:

In the matter of LICENSEES AUTHORIZED TO

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70-3 70-754

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70- 27 70-820 s

LOLD OR TnAN' wort STRiu!:GIC GU;dTITIES OF

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70-33, 70 92'S Ga.KcIAL MUcri'AR I"ATPRDLS

)70-33S 70-3143 70-143 70-1151 j

70-364 70-12S7 70-371 70-3319 70-734 et al.

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• RESOURCES DFFEUSE COUNCIL PF/12 TION FOR ADOFT LON OF i

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n la t!.Ej ener N rt ur;i.3 T'rources'i'efense Counc31, Inc., hereby 1,. ry. o~.4. c 't n

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.Dime'.or of Nuclear L::Grial s':ity c.nd Sr.feguards to act inmd _ ately

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-,at n.~. : ;i y. a c y c a f a g u e.rd n.'nsu.;cs which can assure ihat strategic qumntities of special" nuclear material (SNM) currently hold i~h in."2 c T7.~rG n Gd 1

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f*ccilitien, petitioner recpiccts, except in thone. instances uhore r.anider:ctions of national cefensa reqbfro otherwice, that licenses or portions of liconnes authorizing tha poncession or t ransportation of Etrctegic quantities of : p"cial nuc. lear an.tarial be revoked Corthwith and that federal cathoriti$n taka inzadiate roccession of nuch special nuclear material.

In support of this recuest, petitioner states as follows:

1.

muhrous private corporations currently hold materials 1.f ac.nses and other licenses fro:a the Wclear Itegulatory Cc:.nicsion r:.ch c.uthorize tha ponnassica.,rd e nusportation of atretegic c;unntitics of unirradiated special nucicar materials within the

'Uaited States.

Certain of thes.e 1.icenses are identified in Attach-r.:nt-A to this pacition.

Parcuant to thcco licenses, thousands of kilogrcas of olutonit:a and hichly enriched tiraniu:a are now -heldr

' a Unitcd S" s:cs hy private cor-proccu.;d.u.d trnnaparte.d within porations.

2.

Under the Ato:d c Znargy Act rnd th2.:ules and decisions thraunder, the Co.nmission can incue a licensa authorizing the rocccasion of special nuclear :sterial only uyn m1 king a "defini-tiva ;"rCing" that t. ~ere u-d s.. o. : erat e.a C:. u?t of such r.sterial.:

~ rua cdaquate to protect agains: the ru'inur, credible thrcst of thef t.

.In power Reactor D velop.en: Co. v.

Electrical Union, 367 U.S.

326, MO. 407 (1961), the Suprcre.a Court noted that the Cc:ainsion's i

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ob).i<jation to protect the heaJ th and cafety of the public requires J

Gnt the agt.ncy nnke a " definitive finding of nafety" at the t;ime 4

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$t.uthorizca operation of nucicar power reactors.

An analogous I

oblica' tion la in. posed in the context of licenses to possess special q

npelcar materials by 42 U.S.C.

S 2077, which rcquires that the Oc=aission "shall not"* icsue a SNM license which "uould be inimical to tha co=.on defenso and security or would constitute an unreason-i chio rick to the health and safety of tha public."

See also 10 CFR 4

S 70.31-32.

The responsibility to protect the public has been con-7

• distently interpratad by tl.o Cor.nission as rcquiring that licensed 4

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nuclear facilitics and activities be conservatively designed and

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onorated to withstar.d r.nxinx:n credibla events.

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'Tagi:;ter 209G4 (.'ugust 27, 3974), uhara the Co:c.& cion states as

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"Tn tha.n rcach to utfety,reficcted in the Co:::nission's i

regu.3.ations, pos tu. ated accic.cnt.s, _or purposes o. ana.y-2 a.

s _ac, tre civacec into two catagories

..c.realble,, and

,,in-credible".

The formar ("crediblo") are considered to bc vithin tha category of design basis accidents.

Protective r.n ceres ara rr-quired.7.nd provided for all those postulated l

ceiants !alling within - h =. t c r + gor y, c.r:d p rosed sites l

c.rc cvaluztaa by taking int.o acc x n

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calculated conscque:.cas of a spectrur. of cavera postulated 4

accidente.

These accidents falling within the " incredible" category are considered to be so irprchable that no such j

orotcetiva musures are rc :mirad. "

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Furthar, the Ato:T.ic Enargy Act provides for revocation, l

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" "p'nsion or radification of lice.scs Uh7never any ".

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nny report, record c.: inspaction or other r. cans [cxists] which would i

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-'rrnnt the Concnission to reg.se to grant a license on an original 3

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1:ccrous studies have been recently conducted ancessing I

tM natura and sino of the threat that Mght confront a licensec 1

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One.cuch slut'y is the Security i

f.gcncy Study rcquired by Section 204 (b) (2) (C) of the Energy Roorgani-a

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stion Act of-1974, tha draft Executivo Surz:arv of whi.ch states as 1

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i "Congresodonal concern for adoquato safeguards was 3

ha'.chtened as a result of a s.tacial safeguards study i

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c. v Cor.--i c. sion in 19 74.

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1 study, by David.% onbr.c *. and others,

described 1

a variety o. po t en t m, a.A proolems ana. snort comings in l

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t. o nrec. on. nucAcar v:.229 u ?.rn s c nd m u.c reco:m ndat:..ons i

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r.dequacy of protection af forded mN by the privdte 1

~ndustrial ':ecurity cyster.3 of licensces.

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of ccncern wa:) t.ne _cVe o: I.n reat to :.aci.titios ana

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consisting of 15 highly trained non, three of whon l

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Culd includG CVert acts Of theft.Und CahOiugO.

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~ _ - \\ p c l 1 1 t + j, -s- "To estinate the credible threat, the office of l r l Nuclear Materials Safet.y and Safeguards researched l 19' relevant studies and conducted 9 interviews with { iadividuals and groups of profondional analysts from i I the FBI, the intelligenco conaunity, the Department of Dafense and State and lecal law enforcement agen-j ca.c o. t 1 l. " h t emerc,ed from this vas a" consensus estimate i I that an external threat group will probably nurber j i ( chout 6 -8 perso.ns and vary' likely not execed 12 persons. p-l " Interviews and studies yielded less upon which to l J base estirates of threats internal to the industry. In general, the internal thrcat was characterized as fo.ilaus \\ i One p.n: con dparating alone will prohably f o renaan unactoctea. I L j' o Instances of collusion involving 2-3 t l g roans have been encountered in-industry.' i j 6 o 1,ost...n13acnngs 3.nvo s a in:'praal co.$_3 ucion. j r t K.y internal persons can ha influence'd by l l o thre:ts agr. inst their f a ilies or other fornic j of blackmail. e 'l J.s a. result, a cr:dible internal threat, for safeguards i purposes, is esti.ated to censist of 2-3 parsons in col-r 1 n .usion. r ( Similt.rly, the January 19, 1976, nemarandum of Carl H. I I L Wilder, Director, Division of Safc: guards, to kanald A. 3rightsen, i- 'I Acsistent Director for Lic:Wng, aivi:icn of Safeguards, states: I j "ha dcsign threats in tha alfeguards supplecont to . G2:SMO arc dividad int'o an internal (diversion) and I an external (assault) threat. Many parameters or n considerations must be taken into account in describ-I ing or specifying such threats. To sinplify these i l l l L j

i 1 j J Q .. c.. doccriptions, we have ansuned that all of these para-i t l n2ters (e.g., icativatien, training, arms, equip.wnt, 0 on.ployment position, etc.) are fixed at vorst-case i vclues wi+h )eupact to safeguards, and that the only l remaining varit.ble in the number of people involved in the threat. For a ncm.inal or baseline threat, as, i a point of depto:ture, we have ascirc.ed that the internal nnd external threats are two and six pornons, tospectivo-i ly. The range of nun.bern surpjested by threat reccarchers, nnport opinion, and partican co.imnts generally lie Uithin a fcetor'of tuo, up and down, from this hnseline I, sme r.ifica tion. " l~n sum, these studies"i".dicate that an atter.pt to steal niu-I f f.nnirm or highly enriched urcniun from licansed facilitics or whilo l 1 l in trr.nsit bv. a c.> roun. of 12-15 a;;.ed cutsidars or 3-4 indu strv. m ) c.7.ioyaan !n colausica hould ha consider :d a credible pos :ibility. 4 I I heh.tw cnd conoscr3nt of thc;; studies a d other studies nsy indi-1 i j ec.te that tha mxirx.m c;fedible thraat is in fact significantly l I 1? ':cer ar cu aru! w. m 'a seric*s. 1 I i 4. Che January 19, 1976,.: e.dc.of Carl H.

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t rc Srenecd in Aaracrash 3 _s_uora and attached hereto as Attwh ant E, 6 i m u. I f nnscLses the adec.ur.cv. of the cefoc.uards now spolied at currcativ { i. t i ibancad faci.*itiec nn ~olle.sc: "Cvar the s!;: ran".$ s ! I hava 5:en questioned novaral n. :..mst .).as as no una acequacy or current cace-t guards. I have replied that I was not in a position I l to jrdge curr mt saferur.rds is adequate or inadequate 1 n u n m il wa ,.u.c. .t ogically e r :cturec not. m. n t.e sa:eguarcs t t prcblen an"1 our appro ch to c o '.uti on s. Only then, I 4 ( srgued, would we undersuand the =cnsures by which v2 could judr,a the adec.uacv of safec,uards. 1 i + i l i l l ,l h __.....-,-.m

t l l s. s. s j 7-I L t. 6 "If cafeguexda are not aduquato cyninst the 1cua.t j l 4 l icvoir, of design threat. that hc.va Leen ruggested, [ then ue rust icgics11y concleda the.t such safoguards [ tra inadequate, quite apart from tha nncertaint.y wo tuy accept about what cont.titutes adaqaato r.a fegua rds. I am concorned that sc=c or even r.eny of our em rent'ly licenrad facilitie.-na.y act h w e r a f e_c,Luardu which.>ro .-. _,. _ -. _. l.s. _o f... d e s ig n _t h. ;..c a t lave - _m._. adequato against the l_ owe W. l# v.a _a r e._.c,o.n. s i U c '; i n g i n _- _G E S M.0., "The icwest levcis of design threat being considered in GESMO are, for an internal threat., cne porton and, l ? I don'.t know p for an c:<ternal throf.t, thraa partons. of any seriou, suggestion that these 20.vels are too l i high and that ve should considor even icwer icvels as design threats for _adaquato cafeguards." (b phasis cr n. licd. ) l f n : 0, th2 principal con ce of Cr.f.ircion apu:tir,e o1 the qntstion j 6 e f of r.nfcguards has indios.ted that h2 la "not in a position" to nd:e h h a definitive finding 'the cw:;.antly li' censed f acilities are e dequata-1 1 4' ly s.fcqut;/.ed and, Jr.de 2d, ';*..t hs O "cen ;rr.ed rM t rose cr sven .- ~.-.-... r- -..s.c-d a,a4..a"t >v'.o l a I v cr... ". ~ v l#. w.. "s. '"..'.1.4'*,," pw ...q j vt rv sn, e11 thnr.;c thrc..tc f ar ir.ss carious than the nn:Arn: I n i l c cdi.Y.c threat. i r i 5. Tea cc:4c;c.c cr7:e w. in 7:: W 1 h M morun{rm ragsrdin.; n u ;ec.ua rc rac 2.cca con.;a.rn t..a conc ~$ usions a. y 'e. un a in m c.utc.v o g cur.rsnt .e L I of nr c; cus indon. endc:nt e2..ncres, Ches Dr. Theodore B. Tav. lor, a o r .i i I .cstif.ied in his f c * :.a guarda.uthord :y an.4 cc r.ultet to the h'RC, ~ 8 t i .0::andar 10, 1975 :st.atenant h2fod-i the Cc=ittee on Dercy and _J 2 5.'l l n i S'! i n g..a t e i-i a l S Of thO C21ifcrnil St!.t2 A3SOCh17 a5 fC110US; V l 9 l R

f t l i r 5 1 l C to r, a i s i "Precont U.d. cafeguards applied to commercial ) plutonim cnd highly enriched uranium are not ade-quata to prevent theft by heavily armed groupn with j-recourcuo /\\nd ::ativation comparable to the Drinks l cang and other groups of professional criminals l that hr.ve cc rricd out aucennsful r.njor robberies in i the past. Shough not routinely recycled in power { ~ plq11ts, plutor.inm for corr..ercial.R&D purposes is l l now stored and transported in.cubstantial quantitics, j annual shipa nts ancenting to at 1 cast several hun-l dr:d kilograms.por year." j I I [ Siratinrly, the Qcojal Safaguarda Study ("Rosenbaum Report") pec~ 4 ), NN.d by Atomic Energy Contatscion consultants and reinased April 29, 1974, concludsde { "In 2:ecent yaars tha factors.-i.ich aska naf aguards a real, frit.inent and vital issua hs.ve changed rapidly for-the varsa, 'larrorf.sts groups have incrcased their l [ profcacional skilla, intelligence networks, finances crci lova.'. of arr.u..uts thro *cgh cut th s.corld. " h V "The f.ictors invol/cd in prcventing tho illegal ac-quisition of upcial nuc? car rr.t srial cnd tha schaequent 7;an$1f acture of nuchar u ; pons h, va received a great deel l lors J ttentior. than those associate d with p:wcr plant accidents. Che reicvont regulatie.ns are far lecs strin-

c. e n.t. a n d...w e. n. a 1 --chav. are ennro ty ana c.ec cato to acer.

the thre.t...Chu nt nouness of the ycoblem dc. ands a cicar co. :,it. mt by tha AEC to bring the rick to the 4 f public Jrca safeguarda problens down to the lavel of public rick. asscciated with the <.paracion of nuclear pc ar p'. ants.'" (Etaphasic supplied.) 6. Tha per.,ibility that nuclear u n;.ans r.aterials now M.d by U.S. ec: pmticas under WAC licenses night ha sto;en and i ancd is real and zuhstantial. Terrorist z.ctivity and other forms of enti-s e ial viol:nce ar.c ar. alr.ost daily occurrence, In the 1 o 9 e mw

l' 1-r I i i -g- ? i f i r ont ngo of con.histicated criminal orc.anications, hombs cnd bomb 1 .o.. o. 1 f f thret.to, of't.ircrnf t hijack 3nef, of tho rnnoca 'of diplomata nnd the ( l muhder of Olygic athletos, the riska of nuclear thef t, blackmail cnd terrorinn 'chould not bc rdnimized. A criminal or terrorint t I .f u,.couo., using.infort;.ation.ind et.uiument that aro widely avaibble, i i r could der.ign e.nd buiN a crudo accicir bceb ifnich could be carried I, ) j in.an' auto.mbila and coa)d ' explode with a yicid. equal to at Icast { i i 1 100 tons of high c:rplosive. A recent report to the NRC by the l i 4 i racilities ( v.U R-t i M'.i.ro Corporation, Ch3 Chrtat To Lic2nced Nuc1 car l t \\ 7022, Septecher 1575), reed.25 tha feliceing ecaciusiens: i "Ca only pru3ent i:rediction Lu that there vill l i continua to bo intarnational operations by r.; cst of { j the prunently activa terrorict orgaainstions through-i. eut tha m.cid; that nat ones vill r, wine inta e>:is-i . c. i ). tenco, s:mtsr.e s w: t. out, any wrrang cerora thair j .~.irst drar.stic strike; t?.5 that sene al there a.rou.es, c.r:. van ny iceoaogy, :w.%, : o r p o n t i c a

a. r.ver:Je en t

j tha United States, cx desperation, nay choose the United Sectos, and ce:ha.ts licc.nsei.t:1 ear facilitiac, j k ca a targ3t." l i

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' O:c.nind crira in the Unit:.d St atas has it.aon - s l ' tratsd the c.a:.citv to ovcute cocali nud 2:: ions vith pinnning, ccordina. tion, uaeracy, p r ience, e d i uhatever level of fcrea and ar.a.an; is nccessary to 3 r.cco: plish the job. Chay are interested rolely in c.cquiring :: ora mangy.snd po'.eer fcr themselvec r.d tha e ta no evidenca that ' hoy h wc or cvar '.ed ar.y :notivation i nuch c.s p.ti:10 tion. chuy are 3nvolved in a:rost all the hijcckincJ that caos on in the Unitod States, ard f hava b:an n':10 to cr. art-ccnsiderabic contrcl ever j nebstantit.1 pr.rts of industry, 1che,r, and govarr.m?nt. l Chcir bucinacs is often inurt.ational and thcy have Y j longctanding cad cocure links in ':urope, the Middic l Onst, Latin 1:acrica, cnd the Far East. There is little i j question that, for ' a suf ficient arcunt of :.cnov, l t t I L i n-..~~ _ - - - - - ~, ~

. _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ 7 4 f ) l i 4 ~19 j ) i. v.cnlera 'of orgadized crina vould.tn'80 a cont.ract to j ccquire cpocial. nuclear roterial for at:cther party, {- [A] larga propartion of their operations involvo j { cooperation from poopic incide their torcet ( i t t { 7. In :'isht of the -lo: cGoing, the Commission chce'd ecacludo A l I the nn adequate basis does act ncw e:cist for finding that currar.tly l l n" plied rafeguards are udequato to protect against the thef t of strate-j j i i l gic quanta. tics of pluton.um anc n:tgaly enr:. ce,ca uranann now in m 1 e t port.cosion of liccnoces. Ecth the Director of the'NRC's Safegurcds i i . Division and tha,cgency's connultanta are ur.chle to make a definitive j ,j l l 4

• C!nding that currant safogurds arc edequete.

Yet, unicca the. l 5 l Ccurpission can raka such a (ofinitive f.bding of safe y regarding t' f there.licen ws, the Corr.iasion'c obligation to th3 public reqeirce { l I j.- that such licenses bc :.cvel.ed itrthwith. .T.ceordingly, petitio.er 1 t c w ~. : r t n.. w. -.... s g. ..,~ ,.4 3...

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h I . 12 -- d (c) to revoka outstand.ing licences schich authorino the possession of strategic quantitics of spacial' 'l f nuclear mterial, and to 2:ccover sucli matcrial => her.ediately, if safegenkds nocting the standard cet out in subparngraph (b) supra are not now t s k in place and (1) cannot he devised or implecented quiokly cnd effectively or (2) can be imploracntec Only with undue n..--..u c.cu3.ty or expense. f G. '2h2 Natural.honces E3fonse Council (NRDC) is a non-pro:!it cor," oration organized und.Gr the laws of the State of New l I r t ' fork. It is a nntional envircnrental protection organization with mci 20,000 rcxl32:s in 50 ctr'ce... Cae of NEDC's major obje - ti/cs .s no protect its :.3::x r a.i the public from the riuks and ., s.. r e.-- -.~.,~.~...s., m..... w- ~.. c,., n.. ~.~ d. o:-,.1. v 1,-.n. -...,, g y- ~ - Aum ea r.o .... c.~,. : c. .., ~ .. -.... s. ccscciated with the theft or diversion of special tr.aterial from lic2nsad f..cilition or c'.th attacha directed against such facilities. .,,. 4. ~, m.,. ,4 P ...3.,. i m... =...a.,, a-. ,w..,. ep. 3.,..s..

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3 a c a_vc a.,y ..n .~. -. ~ v.. Affcoted by tha activitics of private corport.tions carried out pur-I

urnt to the licensas referred to 1.erein.

~ l'or the foragoing rc cas, petitioner respectfully urges that the acu23ts :.wde h. rain be granted without delay. e

_-.- -.... -. _ ~.. -. _. - _. ~.- O 6 .13 Respectfu,lly submitted: ) )l ,qf dy^ u }~ 1 J j C. a f l ( 4, Spath Of Counscl: J.G. I.nthony 3. Ro!.cnn Tatura.1 Fesources Defense Council d 1712 N Street, N.V7. D17 Fifteenth Street, N.W. 17cchington, D.C. 20036 Unshington, D.C. 2000$ -(202) 737-5000 Attorney for Pctitioner 1 t i ilobruary 2, 1976 i t b e ) t i O I s e 0 4 s 3 s = i e m f 1 -m--e mnc--,--~e* m ew,e,---em,--,*-s--~--=- we- -}}