ML20133B391
| ML20133B391 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Palisades  |
| Issue date: | 10/25/1996 |
| From: | Levin C SENATE |
| To: | Shirley Ann Jackson, The Chairman NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20133B396 | List: |
| References | |
| 2.206, NUDOCS 9701030138 | |
| Download: ML20133B391 (24) | |
Text
.
11nited Starts Etnatt WASHINGTON, DC 20510 October 25,1996 l
Dr. Shirley Jackson Chair, Nuclear Regulatory Commission i1555 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852
Dear Madam Chair:
I am writing to request that the Commission respond to the 2.206 petition of September 19.1995. submitted by the group " Don't Waste Michigan" and the 2.206 petition sent in by that group and the Lake Michigan Federation on October 18,1996. In addition, I urge you to consider contracting with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers to conduct a third party review of the corrosion problems with the VSC-24 dry cask storage system.
For your and Commission staff information. I am enclosing a preliminary review of the Sierra casks' performance by Dr. Rudolf 11. Ilausler, conducted at the request of Mary Sinclair, PhD, of " Don't Waste Michigan." lie appears to point out several significant problems with the materials performance. I would appreciate the Commission's evaluation of this review.
Thank you for your attention. Please direct a copy of your response to me to Mary Sinclair, PhD. 5711 Summerset Dr., Midland, MI 48640.
Sincerely, s
Carl Levin CL/cjm 9701030138 961218 PDR COMMS NRCC CORRESPONDENCE PDR
y ' p n.
Rudolf H.Hausler s
7804 Pencross Lane, Dallas,TX 75248
~
copyf p Cettstdta
'% c M A; Tel: 214 490 8605 Fax: 214 490 8878
. -i% dx, October 6,1996 Dr. Mary Sinclair 5711 Summerset Dr.
Midland, MI 48640
Subject:
Preliminary Review of Documentation relating to the Safety Evaluation of the Use of the Sierra Nuclear Corporation's Dry Fuel Storage System I. Scope This analysis is based on the documentation available at the time of the analysis (see references attached as Appendix II). The primary focus is corrosion and materials performance both during the loading process of the dry storage system components and during long term storage. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the components of this system (Ventilated Storage Cask System, VCS) and its com mnents (Multi-Assembly Sealed Basket, MSB; Multi-Assembly Transfer Cask, MTC, anc the Ventilated Storage Cask, VSC). Therefore a daailed description of these components is omitted here.
H. Background The issues relating to corrosion and materials performance of the ISFSI (Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation System) arose when an explosion occurred durmg the welding of the lid onto the MSB. Subsequent to this incident, the NRC issued Bulletin 96-04 requesting information on the " Chemical, Galvanic, or other Reactions in fpent Fuel Storage and Transportation Casks" dated July 5 1996. The responses to this request, as well as the responses to subsequent Confirmatory Action Letters (CAL's) by the NRC are reviewed.
4 The immediate concerns relate to the nature of the explosive gas which apparently was generated inside the MSB, possible means to avoid such incidences in the future, and questions relating to the behavior of materials associated with the MSB and the VSC on long term exposure to high temperatures.
III. The Evolution of Hydrogen.
The MSB, consisting of a cylindrical storage can containing 24 rectangular sleeves (designed to hold one fuel rod assembly each) is fabricated from heavy steel sheet. The outside of the MSB is coated with a zinc primer covered by an enxy coating. All inside steel surfaces are coated only with a zine primer. This includes t1e inside wall of the MSB as well as all surfaces of the sleeves. As a consequence, the Zircaloy fuel rods are in electrical contact with primer coated surfaces and form a galvanic corrosion element.
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III.1 Boric Acid Chemistry The spent fuel pool (SFP) water contains 2850 ppm of boron or 16,310 ppm of boric acid. (There is no mdication in the available literature that the solution nught be buffered with sodium borate). The pH of this solution can be calculated as 4.86 (see Appendix I). Contrary to a comment by Wisconsin Electric Power Company (WEPCO) the boric acid in pure water does not increase the pH but reduces it from the pH of water; therefore the corrosion of zine is accelerated, not reduced (see ref. I1, pg. 2, last par.)
It appears however, that the low pH of the borated SFP water has been recognized and l
is quoted as being about 4.5 in several other documents.
l i
HI. 2 Corrosion of Zinc in Borated Water ne corrosion rate of zine primer applied to steel coupons appears to have been measured by NWT and by Entergy (Ref. 7) These tests seem to have focused on the rate of hydrogen generation and precipitate formation. No corrosion rate data are available, nor have the tests been described in any detail in the available documents. It
~
is being said that the results fmm NWT Corporation (San Jose, CA) " appear to be
~
fairly consistent with those from Entergy Company", but about 8 times higher than the rate mdicated by WEPCO. WEPCO assumed a zmc corrosion rate of 0.028 inches per year (ipy) based on literature data quoted in Uhlig's Handbook of Corrosion.
However, no effon was made by WEPCO to translate that into a hydrogen evolution rate. Rather, WEPCO chose to assume a hydrogen evolution rate based on some measurements (Ref. 9) These measurement indicate that the solution was saturated with hydrogen at a partial pressure of one atmosphere. The reported concentration of 15 cc H /kg H O correspnds to saturation of the water with hydrogen gas at of I ata and a 2
2 temperature of 25 C. One does not know from the report, where the water was sampled and how the analysis was made. However, if the water in the MSB became saturated with hydrogen at I ata, the hydrogen evolution was no doubt quite fast and the atmosphere above the water must have been very rich in hydrogen. None of these factoids are useful for the assessment of the zinc corrosion rate and the associated H -
2 evolution rate under use conditions.
Ther: are several effects which must be taken into consideration in the design and evaluation of corrosion tests, or when comparing literature results.
- a. The data quoted by WEPCO (from Uhlig) were obtained on solid zine samples and hence apportioned to a measurable surface area. The zine primer consists of zmc powder m an inorganic matrix. Depending on the particle size and the zinc mntent in the primer, a surface area many times the apparent area may be exposed to the corrosive medium. Because of the small size of the particles, corrosion is very likely accelerated over that measured on solid coupons. Fmthermore, the hydrogen evolution rate would be proportionately larger at the ratio of the apparent, or geometric, surface area to the real surface area of the zinc particles. Literature data, such as those quoted by Uhlig, have no relevance with respect to zine particle corrosion in paint primers.
- b. Galvanic Corrosion: he Zircaloy surfaces of the fuel elements inside the sleeves of the MSB are in electrical contact with the zine primer, with which the inside surfaces of the sleeves are coated. It has been amply demonstrated, e.g., that the Inconel tubes in a steam generator galvanically accelerate the corrosion of the carbon steel walls of the gensator during chemical cleaning (Ref.12). (The effect on the welds is even larger).
Here is no reason to assume that Zircaloy will not similarly accelerate the corrosion of 10/9/96 2
thh/sinclair/6nal
zinc. As a consequence, this fact must be considered in tests which purport to evaluate the behavior of the zine primer when in contact with the SFP water durmg loading of the MSB and subsequent operations.
The NRC has repeatedly called for comments regarding galvanic reactions. This question has not been answered to date. WEPCO indicates (ref. 9) that the " rate of galvanic corrosion of the zinc from the Carbo Zinc 11 SG may be three times higher than in neutral (pH 7) water". Clearly this comment does not answer the question since the galvanically accelerated corrosion rate at the low ?H is not sxcified. The same reference, pg. 2, indicates that " Published data were found for he kinetics of zine corrosion in boric acid". However, no reference b given and no data are quoted.
- c. Corrosion Kinetics: All metals which can form a solid corrosion product when corroding in an aqueous medium exhibit passivation behavior. This means that the corrosion rate observed on the bare metal upon immersion into the corrosive fluid gradually decreases with time. The initial corrosion rate, immediately upon immersion, may be orders of magnitude higher than the average rate for the duration of the test. The extent and the rate to which this decrease of the rate occurs depends on the natu,re of the corrosion product. Therefore, an average corrosion rate result (such as weight loss) which has been obtained in a long term test is not representative of the possible short term corrosion rate and is a function of the test duration.
Furthermore, a test such as the one performed by ANO (Ref.10) may be misleading in other ways. The test protocol called for increasing the temperature from 120 F, following immersion of a primer coated coupon into the borated water, to 200 F, followed again by a slow cool down to the starting temperature. The duration of the test was 75 hrs. It is known that increasing tempemture promotes passivation. The corrosion rate in borated water may actually decrease with increasing temperature. (The phenomenon is well documented for CO corrosion). Hence the temperature cycle 2
performed in ANO tests may not be representative of the worst case condition. In view of the importance, physically and financially, of the question of the rate of hydrogen generation and associated SFP water contamination, it would seem that a full evaluation of the ziac corrosion under all possible conditions of actual use in the application under consideration should be conducted.
- d. The Nature of the Zinc Primer.
Ref. 8 (WEPCO) discusses the use of zine primer from the point of view of contamination introduced in*o the SFP water. Here it is stated that the primer contains "25,000 ppm of zinc and 530 ppm oflead". All other specifications for the zine level in the primer indicate 85% (850,000 ppm). If the lead contamination of the zinc in the primer were indeed 2%, as indicated by the WEPCO numbers, then the the amount of lead intloduced into the SFP water through corrosion of the zine would be 34 times larger than what WEPCO assumed it to be. This discrepancy, it would seem, calls for a re-evaluation of the lead impurities which could be introduced into the SFP water, in light of the limiting amount of lead which can be tolerated according to the Westinghouse specifications (ibid).
Ill. 3 Conclusions It would appear from the above that the question of corrosion of the zine in the primer has not been resolved quantitatively, neither from the point of view of hydrogen evolution, nor from the point of view of SFP water contamination.
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The NRC request for review of:he materials serformance questions by a corrosion l
specialist does not seem to have been fulfillec.
IV. Additional Concerns e Wg to' Materials Performance IV.1. Temperature and Epoxy using l
Specifications for the Epoxy coating to be applied to the outside surface of the MSB are presented in Ref. I1. It is noted that no temperature performance limits are specified. In view of the fact that the temperature in the MSB on long term storage may be as high as 800 to 900 T (in the extreme as much as 1000 T) the performance of the Epoxy top coat becomes a concern. It is recognized that the space between the MSB and the VCC is air cooled. This suggests that the lowest overall heat transfer coefficient is given by the natural convedion of the air through the annular space. As a consequence, the temperature of the epoxy would be expected to be very little below the values quoted. Degradation by -
carbonization of the organic material can, therefore, be expected. No surface temperature
^
has been calculated for the outside of the MSB. Since the unloading of the VCS ~is pan of l
i l
the safety evaluation, and since it would also have to be performed in the SFP, the corrosion of the residual zine on the outside of the MSB m contact with charred epoxy paint becomes a real concem.
While extensive simulations and calculations of the heat transfer rates from the MSB to the environment have been made it should be recognized that the heat transfer coefficients for radiation, conduction, and natural convection are afflicted with uncenainties. It is therefore suggested that confidence limits be given for all such calculations and be reviewed by a thirdparty. Clear 1y the heat transfer cannot be very efficient if the temperatures in the MSB can nse to 1000 T. Common uncenainties in the coefficients of 20 to 50% (panicularly with respect to thermal conductivity through coatings) can alter the calculations significantly.
IV. 2. Zinc-Steel Interactions The melting point of zinc is 786 T, or well below the anticipated temperatures inside the MSB. This ra,ses a serious concern about liquid metal embnttlement. While such i
>henomena are not generally observed following the galvanizing process of steel, it must
)e recognized also that during galvanizing, steel is in contact with molten zine for a very short time only. The exposure of steel at 800
- T to molten zine over a period of years is totally uncharted territory and needs to be seriously investigated.
t IV. 3. Zinc-Zircaloy Interactions The continued integrity of the Zircaloy claddmg over the 20 year.Ucensing period is imperative if the fuel rods are to be unloaded any time in the future. In this context at least two issues need to be reviewed relating to stress corrosion cracking and liquid metal embrittlement. It has been reported (Ref.14) that concentrated mahanol and organic solvents containing small amounts of chlorldv can cause stress corrosion of zirconium.
Generic specification of cleaning solvents should therefore not be permissible, since many such solvents either contain methanol, are chlorinated hydrocarbons, or contain chlorinated i
hydrocarbons.
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Similarly, liquid metal embrittlement has been reported for zirconium in contact with molten cesium or when exposed to liguid sodium or cadmium. The effect of zinc metal in contact with Zircaloy at 800 to 1000 F must therefore also be examined since zinc, like cadmium and mercury is also a 2b transition metal. Liquid embrittlement of meals by mercury is well known.
Most Zircaloys behave very similar to zircenium because the al:oying constituents are present in the Zircaloy in small amounts or%
IV. 4. Performance of Steels at Iow Temperatures
- a. Manganese Steels: The generic specification of structural steels such as A-36 and A-516 is unsatisfactory from the point of view of cold temperature behavior. The embrittlement temperature is very dependent on the manganese mntent in the steel as well as on other alloymg elements wluch are not included in the generic compositional specifications of these steels (Ref.13). A-516, e.g., has a Mn spec of 0.8 to 1.2 %. In view of the fact that the NRC has specified a temperature 50 F above the embrittlement temperature, efforts must be made to develop more precise specifications for the steels to be used in order to assure safe handling of the stomge cask under all possible conditions including emergencies.
- b. Welds: It is noted that no specifications relative to the embrittlement temperatures have been defined for welds. The absence of such specifications is considered very dangerous.
IV. 5. Residual Corrosion of the Zinc in the MSB and Resulting Pressure on lang Term Storage It has been proposed that following closure of the MSB (welding of the seal lid) the water is dmined from the inside of the basket. Complete drying is then attempted by a vacuum rocess. There appears to be no verification of the residual water which may remain in the aasket. Such venacation is essential in order to determine the pressures which might develop in the baska, panicularly if these pressures need to be used in the evaluation of the
' structural integrity of the basket on long term storage.
V. Summary Some safety aspects of the Sierra Nuclear Fuel Storage System have been reviewed in the wake of Pomt Beach (Wisconsin Electric Powa Company) hydrogen explosion. Both shon term and long term concems are discussed.
The storage configuration allows for the fuel elements to be in contact with zine (metal) primer which is applied to all intemal steel surfaces of the MSB. This creates a galvanic element between the zine and the Zircaloy which in turn accelemtes the corrosion of the zinc. No tests have been performed simulating this galvanic situation. Calculations relating to the hydrogen evolution rate and the SFP water contamination rate, which are based on the available tests, have tSerefore little relevance.
Numerous discrepancies in the responses submitted by the various companies to the NRC request for additional assessment of safety concerns reveal an alarming lack of consensus.
The epoxy coating applied to the outside of the MSB cannot possibly withstand the temperatures said to develop on long term storage. This will result in an expensive SPF water mntamination during unloading of the radioactive material.
10/9/96 5
rhh/sinclair/ final
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f The NRC has published temperature specifications relating to low temperature embrittlement of the structural carbon steels used in the Sierra Nuclear spent fuel storage system. These specs have not been translated properly to the corresponding material composition specifications (for the steels in question), thereby creatmg additional hazards in handling the storage casks under possible emergency situations.
The zine-steel interaction at 800 to 1000 F and possible steel embrittlement over a xriod of 20 years has not been considered, again creating a n additional hazard for l
landling the MSB in the future.
Similarly, the effect (or the absence thereof) of molten zine on Zircaloy has not been verified experimentally. The possible failure of the cladding could make unloading of the spent fuel rods impossible.
The vacuum drying process does not seem to have beert experimentally verified relative to residual water remaining in the MSB. All calculated data relating to pressure in the MSB,during storage, and continued integrity of the seal welds are thaefore open to questionmg.
None of the temperature calculations and heat transfer assessments have been expenmentally verified. There has never been a field test of this storage system. It is not apparent that the storage system has been instrumented in order to verify the design assumptions.
i o
nsulta L&
dQ R.H. Hau i
1 I
i thh/sinclair/Gnal 10/9/96 6
l j
APPENDIX I e
e Determination of pH of Bode acid solution:
l i
F Sg]ntion; Distilled water @ room temperature Boron content 2850 ppm; 16,310 ppm boric acid; 0.264 mol/L boric acid (K,)' (boric acid) = 7.3x 10~
Derefore:
[H+]*[H BO ]
2 3
7.3 *1 0 -10 I
[H BO ]
3 3
I since:
[H+ ]- [H BO ]
2 3
i and
[H+]2 - 7.3 10-30 = 0.264 l
1 pH - 4.86 i
l I
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l l
l I
t I
t i
4 1
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APPENDIX II.
j
References:
1.
Safety Analysis Repon (SAR), October 1989; Section 3: Principal Cask Desien
]
Criteria 2.
Safety Emluation Repon ; NRC March 29,1991 3.
Safay Emluation Repon; NRC April 1993 4.
Notice ofNon-Conformance; NRC, June 71996 5.
Initial Rerponser to CAL 4-M-002; Entergy Operations, June 2,1996 6.
RequestforadditionalInformation regarding Bulletin 96-04, *Chania21, Galmnic, or other Reactions in Spent Fuel Stomge Casks ", Letter from NRC to WEPCO 914)96 7.
SNC response to NRC Bulletin 96-04for VSC-24 Dryfuel Storage System: Sierra Nuclear Corp., August 16,1996 8.
Use of Carbor.inc Paint as a primerfor the Multi-assenbly Storage Basket, Intemal Memo, Wisconsin Electric Power, July 18 1995 9.
WEPCO response to NRC Bulletin %04for VSC-24 Dryfuel Storage System; WEPCO August 16,1996
- 10. Consumers Power response to NRC Bulletin %04[or VSC-24 Dryfuel Storage Systan: Galvanic, or other Reacions in Spent Fuel Stomge and Transponation Cask:
August 19,1996
- 11. WEPCO response to NRC requertfor additionalinfonnation relating to: Bulletin 96-04for VSC-24 Dryfuel Stomge System: Galmnic, or other Reaaions in Spent Fuel Stomge and Tmnsponation Cask; September 61996
- 12. Non Pmprietary Corrosion Inhibitorsfor Solvents to Clean Steam Genemtors; R.H.
Hausler, EPRI report NP 3030,1983.
- 13. Metals Handbook; 9th Edition, Vol.1, Properties and Selection ofIrons and Steels, American Society for Metals,1978, pg. 689
- 14. Metals Handbook; Desk Edition; American Society for Metals,1985, pg. 20-35 10/9/96 8
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RUDOLF H. HAUSLER 7804 PENCROSS LANE
- DALLAS, TEXAS 75348 (214) 490-8605 OR (806) 495-3808 TELEPHONE * (214) 490-8878 OR (806) 495-4035 FAX i
SUMMARY
Over 20 years planned, conducted, and directed advanced chemical research focused on oil production l
and processing additives.
Acquired expertise in corrosion prevention, inhibition and materials selection, failure analysis trouble shooting and economic analysis. Proficient in 'ierman, French and Italian.
EXPERIENCE Mobil Oil Company (Dallas Research Center), Dallas, TX 1991-1995 i
Senior Eneineering Advisor Developed corrosion testing facilities for basic research and to meet specific oil field requirements.
Planned and developed H S corrosion test facility.
2
]
Planned safety and wrote safety manual.
+
Developed unique continuous Flow-Through corrosion Test Facility (1.5 MMS).
Developed test protocols and supervised operations of the FTTF.
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Extensive consultation with Affiliates on problem solving and chemical usage.
+
Established supplier relationships and consulted with Affiliates on establishing Enhanced Supplier
)
Relationships.
i Developed theory and practice of novel approach to autoclave testing.
t Petrolite Corporation, St. Louis, MO 1979-1991 Restarch Associate (1986-19911 Directed and conducted the development of novel corrosion inhibitors for extreme operating conditions.
i New corrosion inhibitor to combat erosion corrosion of carbon steel in gas condensate wells.
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Extensive studies on CO corrosion aimed at ettablishing predictive cortosion model.
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2 Soecial Assistant to Executive Vice President (198S-1987)
Special Assignments focused at supporting Internatiorri Sales.
Extensive travel to se ure major accounts in Europe, Russia and East Asia.
+
Monitored out-sourced R&D in Germany and England.
Senior Research Scientist (1979-198S)
Developed novel chemical c.omposition under contract with EPRI for corrosion inhibition of f
+
cleaning fluids used in nuclear steam generators and methodology of application (only effective formulation still used today).
Developed unique corrosion model for CO corrosion in oil and gas wells.
2 Conducted numerous detailed field studies to establish case histories of chemical performance and
+
applications technology, f
J I
PAGE2 RUDOLF H. HAUSLER Gordon Lab, Inc., Great Bend, KS 1976-1979 TechnicalDirector i
Responsible for all technical issues involving formulation, application and sales of strloper well production chemicals (corrosion, emulsion, scale, bacteria).
Conducted failure analysis for customers and developed peninent reports.
Supervised service laboratory.
Established technical training of sales and support personnel.
Developed technical sales literature and company brochure.
UOP (Division of Signal Companies), Des Plaines,IL 1963-1976 Research Associate (19721976)
Associate Research Coordinator (1967-1972)
Research Chemist (1963-1967)
To conduct research in electrochemistry, analytical methods development, heat exchanger fouling processes and refinery process additives.
Developed novel organic electrochemical synthesis procedure.
Developed unique (patented) test apparatus fer measuring anti-foulant activity.
Introduced statistical design and evaluation of experiments to R&D department.
Developed full 3 credit hour corrosion course to be taught at ilT and DeSoto Chemical company.
+
Developed 20 hour2.314815e-4 days <br />0.00556 hours <br />3.306878e-5 weeks <br />7.61e-6 months <br /> course on statistics.
EDUC ATION Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland BS, MS Chemical Process Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland PRO F ES SIO N AL ASSOCI ATION S American Chemical Society The Electrochemical Society Society of Petroleum Engineers NACE International (Corrosion Engineers) j American Society of Metals (ASM)
Active in N ACE on local, regional and national level
)
H O N O RS, AW AR D S, RECOG NITIO N S 17 patents,55 publications and more than 100 techr.ical presentations NACE Technical Achievement Award (1990)
Registered Professional Engineer (Corrosion Branch, California)
N ACE Certified Cot'rosion Specialist
0 PUBLICATIONS 1.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES IN CORROSION R. H. Hausler, Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning,.41 (#9) 11(1969) 2.
THE USE OF STATISTICAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS IN TIIE DEVELOPMENT OF A CORROSION INHIBITOR TEST R. H. Hausler, L A. Goeller, R. H. Rosenwald, Proceedings of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers 26th National Conference, March 2-6, 1970, paper #63.
3.
CONTRIBUTION TO TIIE FILMING AMINE THEORY
)
R. H. Hauster, L A. Goeller, R. P. Zimmermann, R. H, Rosenwald,.
j Corrosion,2fL (#1) 7 (1972).
4.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE MECIIANISM OF llYDROGENSULFIDE CORROSION INIIIBITION.
R. H. Hausler, L A. Goeller, R. H. Rosenwald, Proceedings of the 3rd European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibition, Ferrara, Italy,1971, p. 399.
j l
5.
CORROSION CONTROL IN CRUDE UNIT OVERHEAD SYSTEMS R. H. Hausler, N. Cable, Proceedings of the API Division of Refining, New York, May 8-11,1972. Also published in: Oil and Gas Journal,10, (#29) 92, 0
1972; Hydrocarbon Processing, May 1972, p.108; Petroliere D'Italia,19_, (#8) 21, 1972; Petroleum Times, June 2,1972, p.10.
6.
RUST INHIBITION AND INHIBITOR TESTING, A CRITICAL DISCUSSION R. H. Hausler, R. C. Kunzelman, Materials Protection and Performance,11
(#11) 27 (1972).
7.
PROCESS CORROSION AND CORROSION INHIBITORS IN Tile PETROLEUM INDUSTRY R. H. Hausler, C. Stanski, A. Nevins, Proceedings of the National Meeting of the National Association' of Corrosion Engineers, March 1974, Paper #123.
Materials Performance,13.,9 (1974).
8.
FOULING STUDIES IN HYDROCARBON STREAMS IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY j
R. H. Hausler, Oil and Gas Journal,ll, (#23) 56, (1973).
9.
FREE ENERGY AND ENERGY FUNCTIONS j
R. H. Hausler, Encyclopedia of Chemistry, (Hampil-Hawley, Editors) 3rd Edition, p. 467 (1973).
1 8
I 10.
SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CORROSION ENGINEERING IN THE CIIEMICAL l
INDUSTRY j
R. H. Hausler, Invited paper presented at the AIChE Meeting, Chemical i
Engineering / Corrosion Interface, Washington, Dec.1974.
11.
FOULING AND CORROSION IN FEED EFFLUENT EXCHANGER R. H. Hausler, C. E. Thalmayer, Discussion of a new Test Method; i
Proceedings of the API Division of Refining 40th Midyear Meeting, May 13, 1975, Chicago, Ill.
12.
SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION MEASUREMENTS IN TIIE PRESENCE OF CORROSION PRODUCT LAYERS R. H. Hausler, Presented at the NACE 1975 North Cent,ral Regional,
Conference, October 21-23, 1975.
I 13.
INSTRUMENT MEASURES PROCESS FOULING, ETC.
R. H. Hausler, Oil & Gas Journal, Feb. 14,1975, p. 92.
14.
CONTRIBUTION TO TIIE UNDERSTANDING OF FOULING PIIENOMENA IN TIIE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 16TH NATIONAL IIEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE R. Braun, R. H. Hausler, St. Louis, August 11, 1976, Paper #76-CSME/CSChE - 23.
15.
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES WITII LINEAR POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS
{
R. H. Hauster, Corrosion, 33. (No. 4) 117-1977 16.
CORROSION INIIIBITION AND INHIBITORS R. H. Hausler, Published in ACS Symposium Series Vol. 89, " Corrosion Chemistry"; p. 262-320,1977, Jan.1979.
17.
ECONOMICS OF CORROSION CONTROL l
R. H. Hauster, Materials Performance 11 (#6) 9,1978 18.
OIL TREATING CHEMICALS - EMULSIONS R. H. Hausler, Oil & Gas Journal, September 4,1978.
l 19.
SCALING AND SCALE CONTROL IN OILFIE. ' BRINES R. H. Hausler, Oil & Gas Journal, Sept. 18,1978.
20.
CORROSION INIIIBITION AND GA7 V ANIC COUPLES IN TIIE OILFIELD R. H. Hausler, Paper presented NaCE: CORROSION /79, Atlanta, Georgia, 1979, paper #17 i
9
~
t 21.
PREVENTING SCALE AND EMULSION PROBLEMS IN OIL PRODUCTION R. H. Hausler, Invited paper presented before the International Petroleum Exhibition, Tulsa, Oldahoma, Sept.1979 22.
CORROSION MONITORING IN CHEMICAL CLEANING SOLUTIONS 1
R. H. Hausler, J. M. Jevec, W. S. Leedy; NACE: Corrosion /831983 Paper No.
j 227 p.13.
23.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CORROSION MECHANISM AS APPLIED TO HOT DEEP GAS WELLS R. H. Hausler; NACE: Corrosion /831983 paper No. 47,16 p; Advances in j
CO Corrosion, Vol.1, p. 72, (1984).
2 24.
THE COPRA CORRELATION - A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OliDEEP HO.T.
GAS WELL CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL-R. H. Hauster; NACE: Corrosion /831983 Paper No. 48 37 p; Advances ir C0 Corrosion, Vol.1. P. 87 (1984).
2 25.
TIIE ROLE OF HYDRAZINE IN EDTA CONTAINING CHEMICAL CLEANING SOLVENTS R. H. Hausler; NACE: Corrosion /821982 Paper No. 30,12 p.
26.
CORROSIVENESS OF EDTA CIIEMICAL CLEANING SOLUTION R. H. Hi usler, A. L Savage; NACE: Corrosion /821982 Paper No. 31,15 p.
27.
INHIBITION OF CORROSION REACTION BY CORROSION PRODUCT LAYERS OF TYPE METAL ION CIIELATING AGENTS R. H. Hauster; NACE: Corrosion /81,1981 Paper No. 252,17 p.
28.
CORROSION INHIBITION AND GALVANIC COUPLES IN THE OILFIELD R. H. Hausler, NACE: Corrosion /791979 Paper No.17 29.
NONPROPRIETARY CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR SOLVENTS TO CLEAN STEAM GENERATORS R. H. hausler, EPRI Final Report (346 pp) #NP-3030), Project S-148, June 1983.
30.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INTFitP11ASE IN THE CONTROL OF l
CORROSION IN EDTA SOLUTIONS R. H. Hausler, Presented before the International Conference on Corrosion Inhibition, NACE May 1983, published in CORROSION INHIBITION, NACE-7, p.132 (1988).
i 10
_ _ - _ -. ~
i i
39.
STUDIES REIATING TO TIIE PREDICTIVENESS OF CORROSION INIIIBITOR i
EVALUATIONS IN LABORATORY AND FIELD ENVIRONMENTS
[
R. H. Hausler, D. W. Stegmann, EUROPEC/88, London, SPE paper #18369, 1988, accepted for publication in Petroleum Production Engineering,1990.
40.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON FLOW INDUCED LOCALIZED CORROSION IN l
CO/II S ENVIRONMENTS, I. DEVELOPMENT OF TEST METHODOLOGY 2
D. W. Stegmann, R. Hausler, C. I. Cruz, H. Sutanto, presented at 6th Asian Pacific Corrosion Control Conference, Singapore, September 1989; also accepted for CORROSION /90, NACE 1990, paper #90005.
41.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON FLOW INDUCED LOCALIZED CORROSION IN CO 11 S ENVIRONMENTS, II. PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF 2 2 II S, CONDENSATE, METALLURGY AND FLOWRATE.
2 R. H. Hausler, D. W. Stegmann, C. I. Cruz, D. Tjandroso, ibid.
42.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON FLOW INDUCED LOCALIZED CORROSION IN l
CO/II,S ENVIRONMENTS, III. CIIEMICAL CORROSION INIIIBITION i
R. H. Hausler, D. W. Stegmann, C.1. Cruz, D. Tjandroso, ibid.
l 43.
TIIE COPRA CORRELATION REVISITED R. H. Hausler, T. D. Garber, accepted for presentation at CORROSION /90, NACE 1990, paper #90045.
t 44.
CO CORROSION AND ITS INIIIBITION UNDER EXTREME SIIEAR STRESS 2
G. Schmitt, T. Simon, R. H. Hausler, accepted for. presentation at f
CORROSION /90, NACE 1990 paper #90022.
45.
CIIEMICAL INIIIBITION OF FLOW INDUCED LOCALIZED CORROSION IN CO, CONTAINING MEDIA R. H. Hausler, D. W. Stegmann, Proceedings of the 7th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors, p. 1247,1990, Ferrara, Italy, Sept.1990.
j 46.
INTERPRETATION OF LINEAR POIARI7ATION MEASUREMENTS (Discussion Contribution) DECHEM A Monograph, Vol.101, Electrochemical Corrosion Testing, p. 109-114, 1986.
i 12 i
BOOKS 1.
CORROSION IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION l
L E. Newton, R. H. Hausler, NACE, Houston, TX.1983.
2 2.
ADVANCES IN CO CORROSION VOL 1 2
R. H. Hausler, H. L Godard, NACE, July 1985.
3.
CORROSION INIIIBITION R. H. Hausler, NACE-7,1988.
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION 1.
NACE Technical Achievement Award, May,1990.
2.
Plenary Lecture,6th Asian Pacific Corrosion Control Conference, Singapore, Sept.
1989.
l 3.
Plenary Lecture,7th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors, Ferrara Italy, 4
l Sept.1990.
4.
Plenary Lecture,5th Middle East Corrosion Conference, Bahrain, Jan.1991.
1 13 J
PAPERS PRESENTED BEFORE TECHNICAL MEETINGS j
i by R. H. Hausler j
1
-1.
. Corrosion in H,S Containing Media. before the NACE, T8-2 Committee, January, j
1970.
1 2.
Corrosion and Corrosion' Inhibition in H,S and C1 Containine Media. before the Montreal, Canada, Section of the NACE, December 8,1970.
3.
Time Effects on Polarization Measurements. before the Chicago Section of the NACE, May 18,1971.
. 4.
Epst Inhibition and Inhibitor Testing. before the North Central-Northeast NACE..
Regional Conference, October 16-18, 1972.
5.
Process Side Fouline of Heat Exchanger _s_ before the NACE T8-2 Committee, Chicago, March 8,1973.
' 6.
On the Mechanism of Hydrochloric Acid Inhibition by Organic Molecules: Presented at the Gordon Research Conference on Corrosion, July 1974.
7.
On the Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibition by Oreanic Chemicals before the Chicago Section of the Electrochemical Society, January 9,1975.
8.
Seminar on Corrosion and Fouline in the Petroleum Industry. Full day seminar given before the engineers of the Peruvian Petroleum Company (Petroperu) upon invitation, June 22,1975, Lima, Peru.
~
9.
Linear Polarization Techniaue. Paper presented before NACE-Corrosion /76, I
Houston, Texas, March 22-26, 1976.
10.
Corrosion Inhibition. Presented as ACS/NACE/ECS sponsored short course on Chemistry in Corrosion, Chicago, February 24,1976.
11.
Corrosion Inhibitors and Sulfide Corrosion. presented before the NACE Western Kansas Section, Great Bend, KS., May 7,1976.
' 12.
Cooline Water Treatment. Presented before the first annual Corrosion Control Seminar Sponsored by the Kansas Section of the NACE, November 9,1977, Great.
Bend,KS.
13.
Economics of Corrosion Control. Dinner Talk before the first annual Corrosion Control Seminar sponsored by the NACE Great Bend, KS. Section.
14
14.
Corrosion Inhibition and Galvanic Counles in the Oilfield. NACE North Central Reginaal Meeting, October 19-21, (1981).
15.
Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibition with Reference to Automotive Coolants. NACE North Central Regional Meeting, October 19-21 (1981).
16.
CO, Corrosion in the Oil end Gas Production. and Overview. NACE South Central Regional Meeting, Oklahoma City, October,1983.
17.
CO, Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production. An Overview, presented before the Corrosion Center of the University of Manchester Institute of Technology, July 4 1985.
18.
New Mechanism for Pittine of Carbon Steel in inhibited Hvdrochloric Acid. -
presented before the faculty of the Materials Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara, June 24,1985.
19.
Metallurgical Effects on Corrosion Inhibition presented before the faculty of the Corrosion Center of the Institute for Technical Chemistry and Petroleum Chemistry at the University of Aachen, June 28 (1985).
20.
CO, Corrosion and Prevention.
Formal seminar presentation at NAM-Assen (Holland) June 20 (1985).
21.
Svstems Acoroach to Corrosion Engineering as Anolied to Oil and Gas Production.
presented before the ALL-Union Union Oil Institute, Krasnodar, Rur.ia, June 1985.
22.
The Effect of Ohmic Resistance on Linear Polarization Measurenents for Corrosiq11 Rate Determination, presented before the NACE Chicago Section, October,1973.
23.
Corrosion Monitoring in Sweet Production, NACE, Canadian Region Westerr Conference, Calgary, Febr. 25 (1986).
24.
Overview of the CO, Corrosion Mechanism and inhibition of Erosion Corrosion.
NACE South Central Region Committee. Lafayette, Nov. 16-18, 1987.
25.
Novel Annroach Toward Assessing Inhibitor Cost for CO, Corrosion: Examole of a CO, Flood'. ibid.
~
26.
Systems Approach to Corrosion Inhibition of Gas and Gas Condensate Producint Facilities. Gulf Coast Corrosion Seminar Febr.1987.
27.
Predictine Corrosion Inhibitor Performance - Imboratory Evaluations vs. Field Performance. New Orleans NACE Section Meeting, Jan. 22,1990.
15
.-.__...y 4
f PATENTS t
.USP 3 790 496 R. H. Hausler; Alkylene Polyamine Polymeric Reaction Product Corrosion Inhibitor USP 3 609 549 R. H. Hausler, R.- W. Sampson; Corrosion Measuring Device l
1 USP 3 810 009 R. H. Hausler, R.
W. Sampson; Apparatus for Measuring Fouling of a Test Specimen USP 3 731187 R. H. Hauster, R. W. Sampson; Temperature Compensated Fouling Measuring Method and Apparatus USP 3 705109 R. H. Hausler, L A. Goeller; Corrosion Inhibiting Compositio.n and Use Thereof i
USP 3 622 503 R. H. Hausler; Hydrogen Transfer Agent for Slurry Processing of Hydrocarbonaceous Black Oil USP 3 562138 R. H. Hausler; Structural Element for Use in an Electrolytic Cell Swiss Patent 4393/62 V. Spreter, -
R.
H.
Hausler; Electrode pour Element Galvanique USP 3 696 049 R. H. Hauster, L A. Goeller; Corrosion Inhibiting Composition and use Thereof USP 3 696 048 R. H. Hausler, L A. Goeller; Corrosion Inhibiting Composition and use Thereof USP 3881957 R. H. Hauster; Electrochemical Cell Comprising a Catalytic Electrode of a Refractory Oxide and a Carbonaceous Pyropolymer USP 3 913 378 R. H. Hausler; Apparatus for Measuring Fouling on Metal Surfaces
.USP 3 923 606 R. H. Hausler; Prevention of Corrosion USP 3 972 732 R. H. Hauster; Electrochemical Cell USP 4 454 006 R. H. Hausler, L Savage, J. B. Harrell; Method and apparatus for Measuring Total Corrosion Rate 16 l
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l USP 4 495 336 R. H. Hausler, N.E.S. Thompson; Mercapto-Polycarboxylic Acids i
EP 027 5651 R. H. Hausler, B. A. Alink, M. E. Johns, D. W. Stegmann; j
Carbondioxide Corrosion Inhibiting Composition and Method of Use Thereof, i
1 EP 927 5646 R. H. Hausler, Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Inhibiting Composition I
and Method of Use Thereof.
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~
EDUCATIONAL LECTURES by R. H. Hausler 1.
Electrochemistry - a Modern Challenge: presented December 1966 to Science Seminar at Taylor University, Marion, Indiana. February 1970, to Science Seminar of the ACS Studem Affiliate Chapter at University of Illinois, Circle Campus, Chicago.
l 2.
Corrosion-5 Billion Dollar Business. presented to an advanced Science Class as Hillcrest High School, Country Club Hills, Illinois, December 13,1972.
3.
Discussion on Cathodic Protection. together with Harry E. Kroon of Illinois Bell Telephone, presented at an Educational Seminar of the Chicago Section, NACE, May,
1970.
4.
Application of Potentiostatic Techniques in Corrosion Research. presented at an Educational Seminar of the Chicago Section, NACE, October 24,1970.
5.
Electrical Methods for Determining Corrosion Rates. at the 4th Annual Seminar on Fundamentals of Corrosion, Milwaukee School of Engineering, November 23,1971.
6.
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and, 7.
Corrosion Prevention in the Chemical Process Industry, both presented at the Summer Engineering Conference on Corrosion Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, June 19-23, 1972, published in the Proceedings.
8.
Chemistry of Corrosion. course taught at the lilinois Institute of Technology, Evening Division (Chem 544),3 credit hours, Jan-May,1975.
9.
Chemistry of Corrosion. course taught for DeSoto,Inc. Research Centre, started Nov.
1975,15 2-hour lecturet 10.
Statistical Design and Evaluation of Experiment. 20 2-hour lectures with examples and applications presented in-house at UOP.
11.
Corrosion Engineering. (Course based on MIT Video Tapes), organized 20 seminars at Petrohte and 1/2 hour discussion sessions following review of tapes.
18
e CONTINUED PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Short Course on Corrosion. University of California Extension, Los Angeles, June 26-1.
30, 1967,.
Short Course on Statistic 91 nesien and Evaluation of Exneriments. University of 2.
Detroit, Summer 1966.
Encineerine Summer Short Course on Statistical Experimental Desien. University of 3.
Wisconsin Extension, Madison Wisc. June 24-28, 1968.
Evolutionarv Operations and Non-Linenr Estimatine. Short Course, Chicago,1967.
4.
I R&D and New' Venture Manacement. University of Wisconsin Exte6sion, Madison, " '
5.
Wisconsin, May 15-16, 1969.
l 6.
Industrial Research Institute. Mid-Manacement Grouns Seminar. New York, October 28-30, 1973.
7.
Gordon Research Conferences: Electrochemistry 1965,1966,1967,1968; Corrosion 1969,1971,1973.
Two Phase Gas Liauid Flow. University of Houston, February 22-26, (1982).
8.
l 19 i
i
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=
?
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY Member since 1964 Chicago Section Secretary 1964-1965 Treasurer 1966-1967 Vice-Chairman 1966-1967 Chairman 1967-1968 Councilor 1972-1976 National Meeting 1968 Co-Treasurer National Meeting 1973 Hospite.lity Chairman THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS Member since 1968 Chicago Section Treasurer 1971-1973 Vice Chairman 1973-1974 Chairman 1974-1976 National Meeting 1974 General Chairman North Central Region Program Chairman 1972 Regional Meeting Education Chairman 1982-1985 Unit Committee T-3A Chairman 1973-1975 Research Committee Member 1975-1978 Vice-Chairman 1983-1984 Liaison Education Committee 1982-1984 Liaison TPC 1981-1983 Education Committee Member 1983-1985 Awards Committee Member 1984-1986 20
t
.+;
e.
i
- i Group Committee T-1 Member 1976-e Vice Chairman l
T-1-3 1981-1984 4~
Various T-1. Unit. Committees and Task Groups Organized numerous conferences, among oth.is:
e I
e International Conference on Corrosion Inhibition, Dallas,1983 i
International Symposium on CO Corrosion, Los Angeles,1983 2
i Co-Editor Advances in Corrosion Inhibition (in preparation).
t e
i l
'THE CHICAGO TECHNICAL SOCIETIES COUNCIL 1
Member 1968 Treasurer 1970-1972 j
Vice-Chairman 1972-1974 i
Chairman 1974-1975 Awards Jury 1970-1976 i
21 i
ms