ML20127M994

Expresses Appreciation for & Rept Re Proposed Plant Operation

ML20127M994
Person / Time
Site:	Monticello
Issue date:	06/05/1969
From:	US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC)
To:	Mccarthy E SENATE
Shared Package
ML20127M950	List: ML20127M947 ML20127M994
References
NUDOCS 9211300533
Download: ML20127M994 (14)

Text

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UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

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, i WASHINGTON. D.C. 20545 g

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JUN 5 D39 L

t Honorable Eugene J. McCarthy United States Senate d

Dear Senator McCarthy:

l Tnank you for your letter of April 8, 1969, enclosing a_ copy of a.

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1etter and a report concerning proposed operation of the Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant 1,51ch you received from Mr. Russell Hatling, j

Minneapolis, Minnesota, i

I am enclosing AEC staff comments on the questions raised by Mr.

l Hatling in his report which he circulated at the DIF City Convention in Minneapolis. For your convenient reference, a copy of Mr. Hatling's report is attached, with the respective passages keyed by number to

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the pertinent AEC comnents.

Regarding the licensing status of the Monticello plant, the AEC regulatory staff has under review an application by Tne Northern States Power Ccapany.

i for an operating license.

I am enclosing a short statement prepared by the AEC staff on the status _ of the. plant and evaluations of radiological' effects fmn its proposed operation.-

4 f-If you should need further information on this' subject, please let me e

j know.

r Cordially, t

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Chairman i

Enclosures:

r 1.

AEC coments' on Mr. Hatidng's

. questions 2.

cy of Mr. Hatling's report 3

Radiological Effects of10perating-The Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant-9211300533 690605 PDR _ADOCK 05000263

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AEC COM7?S ON OUESTIO'1 AND ANShER CCYDILATION PREDADED BY FR 9USS:TL HATL1'NG i

FINNEAPOLTS, IGNESOTA, CCNCEFNING RADIOACTTVITY RFLEASES FROM TWE 4

?ONTICELLO NUCIEAR GENERATING PLANT 1.

Mr. Hatling calls the safety record of nucleer energ;v plants " dismal."

To the contrary, the safety record of nuclear ene gy plants has been out-i standing. The AEC has licensed the operation of 114 cower, research, and i

testire; reactors t/nich have acetrulated a totel of about 780 reactor-years of operation without a radiation fatality or serious radiation exrosure.

Within this total, 17 reactors were constructed for the reneration of c1cetric cower. These nucleaa po'.ter nlants, about which Fr. Hat 11m is prir.arily concerned, have como11ed a record of about 90 reactor-year: of operatirg execrience. We know of no instance where the oceration of tnese licensed plants has resulted in exnosure of any r.e:rber of the public to radiation levels exceeding annual lirits specified in AEC reculations, which are designed for protection of the public.

I 2.

We are not certain of the basis used by Fr. Hatling in referring to eir.ht "of the original 12" nuclear rower clants as havirs " failed." -As noted j

above,17 central station nuclear electric Dower clants have been licensed for coeration to date. A nu-ber of the early power reactors were srall Drototypes built fer research ard development urder coocerative nrogra s 4

between the AEC and electric utilities. They constituted an incortant step in the R&D nrocess toward develennent of dependable and econcmical

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nuclea" clants for the production cf electricity, includirs,exoloration of j

the feasibility of different tyees of reactors. Creration of five of these l

Plants has been terminated. Tney are: Hallam Nuclea" Poxer acility, Hallar, r

Hebr.: C?rolinas-Vircinia Tuba Reactor, Parr, S.C. ; the Path"inder Atcric Pouer "lant, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; 51cua Nuclea-Forer racility, 51cua, Ohio; and the Eo111ne, Nuclear Superheat Reactor, runta Hinuera, Puerto l

Rico.

Ynile there were operatin~ difficulties with each of these reacters, no public health and safety problen ever arose from their oceration, shut-down, or disrantling.

Of the remaininz 12 nuclea nower plants now licensed to operate, nine ere currently generating electricity, includint the first.five to be licensed by the AEC. Two are undergoins repairs:

the Enrico Femi Atenic Power Plant in Michigan and the Elk River Nuclear Plant in Finnesota.

Tne twelfth plant, Oyster Creek Nuclea" Pot:er Plant i

in New Jersey, has only recently been authorized to commence operation at low power levels.

f The Elk River plant, which Mr.-Hatling reoorts as having failed, recently exoerienced an ooeratim difficulty after nearly six years of operation.

4 A small leak was detected in a 11/2-inch reactor water level monitorir-line sinich is welded to the uoper cortion of the. Elk Plvor reactor pres 5ure vessel.

Tne. licensee has conducted an extensive inspectinn of other piping l

. connected to the vessel, and the results are being evaluated. Some i

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sinilar ralfunctions have occurred in the operation of other nuclear power-plants; none has resulted in a radiation injury to any emoloyee or posed a threat to public health and safety.

From all the records available to us, the radioactivity.in effluent releases from licensed power reactors, including those from the Pathfinder clant referred to in M'. Hatline's remarks, has been below the limits th?,t wculd be pe.nissibic under the AEC reculations in Part 20 of Title 10, Chaoter 1, Code of Fedaral Reaulations, "Standrds for brotection Against Padiaticn."

Tne release limits in AEC regulations are based on cuides develoced by nhe Federal Radiation Council and approved by the President for the p idance of Federal agencies. These cuides are ccmpatible with recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the International Cordssion on Radiolecical Protection. The radioactivity that ray be released in effluent water fren a nuclear reactor consists of i

a mixture or radioisotopes or different raximum permissible concentrations.

An analysis of this mixture was performed at the Pathfinder olant by the licensee du-ira 1967, the last _ year of operation o' this' plant.

It shcred that average cencentrations of radioactivity in the effluent water were less thr. cne cercent of the AEC Part 2011 nit, based on the actual radio-isotopic ceroosition.

Releases of_ radicactivity in caseous effluents frca the Pathfinder plant durinr,1957 were less than 10 percent of applicable limits specified in the operatint license.

3.

Any nuclea-facility cither built for the AEC or' aoproved as a licensed facility must meet ricorous sa#cty standards, and is kept under continued surveillance throuchout its lifetime for ourposes of safety.

The first production reactors at Hanford were a wartima effort built for military pu nosca by the formar ?/anhattan Encincer District.

After the Atomic Encria CcT.ission was established in Janury 1947, the Co.ission centinued and ex anded operatien of the Hanford facility for niliza y ou poses, but underccok an extensive prozram to reduce releases o# radic-activity to the environment. Substantial reductions were rade. Extensive envirorcental studies indicate that at no time since the prcduction oneratiens began at Hanford 3r,1944 have the concentrat'.ans of radioactivity in the Columbia River exceeded levels specified in the nationally established standards for controlling exposure to people, 4.

Tne clairs made'in the article in the May-June 1965 issue of the Jou nnl of Envinog ental Healt'r were answered in an article in Nblic Health recercs,:

April 19to, by.Tohn C. Bailar III and John L. Young,_Jr.r of the National Cancer Institute. A copy of this asticle, "0 recon Falienancy Pattarn and-Radioisotope Storage - A Reappraisal," is enclosed. Reporting on an independent study of-cancer-statistics frcm 1934 to 1963, it concludes that "no evidcnce was found that persons 11 vine downstream from the Hanford Prese-ve or alonc the Pacific coast of Oregon have had an excess risk of death from cancer in ceneral or fron leukemia in particular."

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5.

The Atemic Energy Act of 1954 charged the Atomic Energy Ccenission with i

the role of encou-ac;ing an exnanded civilian program of peaceful uses ctf l

atomic energy "to the maximun extent consistent with the cccmon defense and security and with the health and safety of the public." Tnus, the AEC regands the protection of public health and safety as an overridine; consideration in the licensing and regulation of nuclear reactors.

The AEC remiatory function is carried out indeoendently from the dernissien's operational and developmental activities. Three ori;ani:ational units below i

the Commission level participate in the licensing and reculatien o' nuclear i

I power reactors. Tnese are the AEC rerulatory staff, which includen pro-l fessional personnel in many technical disciplines; the Advisory Cornittee on Reactor Safeguards, a statutory body of hir,hly qualified scientists and' i

ergineers; and atenic safety and licensing boards, drawn from a panel of i

technically qualified experts and persons experienced in ad-d.nistrative i

procedures to conduct public hearings and issue initial decisions on i

licenairs apo11 cations. None of these units has any operatine or pro-i motional recoonalbilities, and each rroup is independent =of the others.

l Tncir sole rescensibility is in the field of nuclear safety and related i

reculatory ratters. Details of the' licensing and regulations process are l

contained in the enclosed booklet, " Licensing of Power Reactors."

i j

6.

Tnroughout histcry, ran has been confronted with the problen of balancing i

rish acainst benefit in many walks of 1100. Many risks are so small that, i

while they cannot to reduced to absolute tero, the effort that would be reauired to further reduce them could not be justified, Inderendent comitteen of scientists have been centinuousiv active in seekine to define i

safe practice in the use of rarst.de radiatien, end the AEC has follcwed j

procedu"es to ensure that the best scjentific advice available is utilized.

I To place in persnective the use of man-made radiation, it should be noted that the huran race hns always been subject to exoosure to radiation from l

natural sources -- radicactivity in the crust of the earth, cosmic rays ' rem outer space, and naturally occurring radioactive materials in the body.

At most locations en thg. earth's terrain, the total exnosure from such sources j

exceeds 12~ millirems per-year. Additional exposures that would result l

Tram croposed releases of radioactivity to the Mississippi River frca the oceration of the Monticello reactor would be very small fractions of this IcVels f.

7.

Tnis statement seems to imoly that an X-ray expocure of:an unborn child i

would be small cc oared to the exoosure an unborn child micht receive over i-a period of several months as a result of the proposed releases frca the Monticello reacter to the Mississioni River. Such an implication is not correct. The evidence for a nossible increase in the incidence of leukeila resulting from X-ray examination of the obstetrical abdomen of the mother i

4 Ren stands for "mentgen cauivalent ran" - ameasure of the dose of ioniuint radiationtobodytissues,rouchlyecualtoadoseofoneroertgenofhighvolthe..

X-rays. A millirem is one-thousandth of alrem.-

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relates to exposures of-the aborn child rancing from 50 to 5,000 millirems.

l As noted in 6, above, exposures to oceple (includin:; unborn children) that could be expected from radioactive raterial in the river would be much lesa i

than such levels.

Further, the fact that X-ray exposures _occu" in a ceriod 4

less than a second is believed to rake them more hazardous than if dis-tributed over longer periods of time.

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8.

Under reco=endations of the Federal Radiation Council (FRC), raximum.

exposures of a pcpulation group that could occur from radioactivity in water would be less than one-third of the level ouoted by Mr. Hatlin:;.

The FRC further recomends that, within such limits, exoosures be kept as i

low as practicable.

Tnus, there is no "FRC standard dose."

As indicated in connection with several of Mr. Hatling's statements, the i

exoosu"es that could be expected to occur from releases of radioactivity from the Monticello reactor to the river are nuch lower than the level I

cited by Mr. Hatling..

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i Any health risks associated with exoosures as low as those under dis-cuesfon are too sra31 to be detemdned by observation or experfr.ent and j

ca. only be infe rod by extro.nolation fror,c5se"vable effects of croosu"es th?.t a"e fa" hicher. Tne method o#

assum that at then vary Ice-extracolation ecmonly used, is to i

som as at very hich 3evels.

levels, the ratio of dose to effect is the' Tnis assunption is censide."ed by nost i

raddobiole-ists to nrovide reasonable estinates of unper limits of the resultcm incidence of disease in a large population rather than actual i

values.

low levels ray be much lower than estirrated upoer limits.Tnere is 9.

It say be noted that the sou"ce of the statenant that Northern States Power i

estirates a total waste, including fuel leaks, of 91.4 curies year 3y is

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attributed to an article by embers of the faculty of the University of Minnosota printed in the Jouraal of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

t Discussions with Northern States Power suggest that this estirate is based on a statenent by Northern States Power that in a single day the amount of radioactivity in licuid wastes released from the reactor could possibly go uo to 0.25 curie.

_Appar.ently, the authors have assumed that it is the du"Jng the entire year.execctation of Northern States Power to release this muc Neither we nor Northern States anticipate that

-annual releases of 11ould effluents will approach amounts compcrable to j

91. 4 cu"les.

Science a statement that the General Electric. Cctr.p curies" of radicactivity would be discharged into the Mississippi River the first year frem the vonticello plant.

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an estimate by General Electric.

We are not able to find such -

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10. >The curie is the basic unit adopted to express er.ounts of radioactivity'in tems of the number of _ atomic disintegrations per second,- and equals the number of disintegrations per second in the ndicactivity of a ;ran of j -

radium. This does not mean, however, that one cu"le of a carticular radioisotore is equivalent to one curie of another in any other respect.

l It indicates nothinr about the varting kinds and strencths of radiation emitted by different kinds of radicactive raterials.

For exarole, recom. ended mxitun concentrations in drinkinc water, measu"ed in,cu"les i

per unit volu.e, range up to a million tir.es higher for tritium than for radium.

Tne properties of radium are such that oublic health authorities i

are concerned if only a few milligrams of it are 1 cst or misplaced.

ne cited attemot to comoare the radioactivity in releases fron nuclear cower l

plants durirg routine operations with "the activity of the entire world i

supply cf radium" has'no validity, and is altogethe'r misleading as to l

the relative imncrtance of the two.

l

11. Levels of radiation under which ecological _systers have develooed are generally of the orde" of 100 to 150 nillirems per year, but there are sizable inhabited ereas in Branil, Indda, and at least one island in the Pacific in which ratural icvels of radiation a"e ran3/ ti,es higher. By comparison General Electric Cemnany has estirated that raddcactivitv l

released to the ?'ississiopi River during operatien of the Menticell'o 1

T4an; wouln increase the radiatien exne3up, op ang.als and clants usinn j

gce.ewaterbyverysmal] fractions of the lovest -levels occu" ring in nat'.re, j

are confident thnt Dr. Odum (not Dolun) was not concerned itith such minute increases when he was writirc.; of the. effects of higher levels of l

radiation en strains or seccies of animals.

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12. ?ne nu-ber of cu"ies r.entioned in the quotation is not relevant to the question of discharge of radioactivity frca the Menticello plant to the a

Mississippi River. Tne question of balance between reduction in levels of i

radicactivity released and effort to achieve such reduction-has been discussed in Item 6, above.

Enclosurcs:

l 1.

Article, "0 recon Malinnancy Pattern i

and Radioisctone Storags'- A 4

Reappraisal" l

2.

Booklet,'"Licensinq of Power Reactors" i

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• holation of pathogenic lepto 4pires from waters used for Pur recrea tion.

299 Swn!cy 1.. Die,ch and trilliam F. AlcCu!!ach 1

I!cidth and aarcty in ummer camps..,

305 l'aul D. Smn!!a: is nr.d Ro.uer J. 31e.ver f

Oregon mdi:. nancy pattern and radivisotope storage. A la",. - > '.7...., a rea nprai-al.

311 O

Ju!w C. Dallar til and Jotui L. Young, Jr.

l!c.pid biochemical premmptive test for gonorrheal urethri.

ti4 in the imde.

310 i

l. H. D. Pedersen and R. E. Kc!!y 4

1 IIcahh and p:enning d partment ef.^ orts in a community re.

newal ogn m.

323 I

1.oa c!! E. Dc.'lin Prevalence of amblyo;h 329 31cri.m C. Flwn and Richard li'. Neumnier Speech defect, and mental retardation. Sursey in Oregoa.

343 Robert IV. Bla!;eley

. Mental hygiene seminars for school per'sonnel. Report of a.

348 pilot projuet.

Ghislaine D, Godcanc

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JOHN C. 2AILA't !!!, !A.D., and JOHN L YOUNG, Jr., M.P.H.

f. N INCID'..\\8ED mortality rate for caneer.

Imrted execu risk was pre ent before the Han-S. includin,z leukemia partietdarly, ann.;

ford.ito:uic Ibergy Facilhy started operatima Ore.gon te-i.lents near the south bank of the G. No stiidy was mado of cance. mortalit.y

. Cohimbia River or along the Pacific Coas: we rates alone t:w north bank of.nr Cohtmbia.

reported recendt av FadAcv-(1). This wouM River, which is in the State cv hhington, he an..nportain ohweration. it it. were can.

firmed..uan.-e :here in an incra-e in the :.uda-t/.:thct of An.:Jysis active conte:.t of water wh:ch : lows rl.1.ap l,otal canec: moneltv rntes aiut len,aenu.a past t Ge : hm:.orit (M.,.asuneron).\\ro;.ae '.: tor mortalhy rates for.routu of comu,es.in Ore-ace 1,re-crve.a..n,re a 3, earned n,own.a.m "cn a nd M.,~.a-nw on Trma 10 A, th rong,a.00, 1

pa a u.c rea wme.. F,au,e,:ev renorad v ve

-teu o - r, a mdirec: men,.od t.,-6,,; 17r were adp.

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v re ter, b,ecau-a 0; t,aa im 4m ltigaInoti ',

<uncrence, be'.:ccen couunes in the age and.ex leatures al iti3 repari, however, W0.utve re cN-co:apo un o: the ponnlam.n itable 1 and h.m

.U..V observed InOrtal,ltV rat en [0t'.a'll ain mru :..e que3:a.n.

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dan., enunt:c, were onotrea wit.i.

a form.. cancer ma tor len.aenua m t.ue L.d.

Out eX P.a nat h an in 1;,h' a thilV.*:.*,

waH;0 }.O}Hdaitha (4 /- Were t;d'en as.-la ndh rd.

P. 3.o,-;c ur:a ( num,aers's a ' dea t,a-T wer

,D. t he rat es inelm..e a r or ine venh pr;ur to A,.

report e.. a:h,, ra ta.om V;r^;w! a m r.. i c,3..

staan as.in-anent 1,or d,u,.crences.m caute nt-s enldteis 0:

1. - C ud,s ;nnahers ut t!en!as o 1..

uea'n aistu:.Mema m I,ne faurth, IIflu, and,!Mh con-., reu.

ring.'. Kng:e eumaies were.:o:

reV1 auun 01 Ine Alnerna!!bnat (,IM. ll.cotlGR Of.

....\\.i:nuueu t,.;e age and :.ex sructure..: n.a Di-eases p', h),

pop'.dat !..n Yat les Iroal One comny to., ',,e r, J$ceause !he lOnd nonWune Monulpt!nna Y.ere the rate

• Were neitlh5 agU au,jn-sed ne: -0N ra!ner =andl.ia Orceen (.2.1 n. reent) and M..a. n-adj.

InUton.(o,,.h, Hercen), n0 adjn*Im0nt was :aade

4.,' e u-ed.

t I ne i.a. t that throuc;aout the L,m,te 1 ta:cs

.I.l o machers or.,nea:i.w on wh.,:en :!w 2or. nee.

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and in many other countrica cance:.;orta a: v rat <_< m tah,.01 are,nanu. are s,now:

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rares ar, h;igher.

m ett:es inun m ruer., as Table 3 Ns the conmies inelnded in each (J.1) was not mentioned. The river an.'. Pac de area, and :kure 2 3. hows the banndarie of the countic, genendly are more den-Ny ppula ed countie.s and county groups. Countien in the than the inhun! countie-and. on this ha 4, P ey Metropa:!!an Portland arec. were considered t

nagat i e expectec3 to nave ipgnet raw.

. eparateiy irom the at,ner r.ver counties becanso 3

rt 1 t

a. h-acuy wa3 inade of cancer mc:. at) of t,ac ca erer.t er.neer rN ae: ween ur;aan and rund ereas in gem"al (M, ra)orialn[ rate.i lor ad' J

data from earlier yeara to de:ermir.e n the v

4. 60 a{e-sex *a stj nSieu 3,

i he nu:n, or., pre un,:a, :u.el.an;ne:ry t,annen..%.:n:

ora., at. cance; anu, t,ae-nu:uuers a: acn:,as -

Cander lu:itute, IW!ic !! cal:A Servicg.,

upon which theio rates were based for Oregon W1. 01,.%.

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and Waxhington are shown b.y count.y.in tables in both States have ineren3ed ralddly in recent 1

4 4 and.i We did not include a sim.ilar tabula.

vears, the increaec has been about the t.ame as In the rest of the L.. d States..Interestmgly, tion ot lemtemia mortah.ty la th.is report ba.

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cause the numbers of deaths in_ most counties the excess in leukemia mortality existed before i

were quite small.

the Emford Preserve began operation in 1947>.-

Second, total cancer mortality rates in tho Rowlts Portland region of Oregon have remained es.

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Several trends are clear from tigure 1. First, semially unchanged sineo 1035. Mortality in j

total cancer mortality rates in Ote,-on and the river counties has increased up to the Stato l

Washington have been consistently lower than average, but. remains subsmntinlh below that for the entire L.... d Nates, and mortah.ty m 3.

the avera.ie rate for the L.,.e. watte popu.ation.

nue In comrut, leukemia mortality rates in both the ocean counties has actually declined. In States have been above average far as long as Washington total cancer mortail:y in the river i

data by county are available '1040 in Oregon countica has been consistentiv lower than in 1

and im in Wa.6inpon)..\\hhough tha rates other parts of the State.' M$rtality rates for i

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ct n conta b..................

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5. 3

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7. J Wa4 10:i..........

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- 53.3

2. 7

4. G i

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6. 1 +

0,1

$ 3.1

3. 7 i 4.1

4. 9 '

4. S :

7. I 00. eaute ie.4..............

1 Por..ad count le*.........

• 1. !

3. 2

7. 4

7. G t

&7,

7. 4 I nlm. i coun t ie.%................

• 3. 2

.i. 3

5. 5

&1' 7, 2 7, 0 1; aeA GdhE.cd for p.UM e 'S ily lid ir.dited ludihod, t.dia;' Ud. !D~d OlWrved ruled (Or maied hhd femal;3 v

3 lu 10.ym.r up gron;u a ; ' ad.

1:. en for w%c,,,.,tian cr.!y.

d 3 laam ior 1,.*.3 02.

lirac4 fur lE.". C:.!y.

5 luac, icr luuM2,

' l., Jet.:.. um ths by ecanty nw :x.d!rF.e for tl.cse ye: 2 i

'I lh iv$ lur l'. bid-12.

• ih, tea b mi un h. den.!; duda,ia 1935 ; nd :. 07 on!y Leakemia deal.a not ava!!ab!c by county for 1031 and ;'

i J

312 Publii!!cah:s !:cporu 4

W

~

4.

...~ -. - -.

_.-,--.r-,r_.

,-.--mm.m.

-m#--..m.m

....--....- -*-e..-.~..-

..._w-,.--..__

.. ~.. -..---. -. -

- -. ~ -

Figure 1.

Annual mor:c!!ty r:::es per 100,000 populat!on for dt. forms of cancer and for Icukemic, United S:: n, Oregon, cnd Washington, 1935-60

..c.-r OREGON.

M( FORM $ OF C ANCf 4 WAS HINGTO N =-

e LL 150l....'**; ' '...,; ;... t t '. D " ".............. *

• t*'e*.

E

....J.*.-

• yy.;;.....***..... gL " "u.., '

.,. ag....

e",'

d s.. tw % e b. ', -

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--'...g

...- n e

100 8-r i

f

's e

i a

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s Et-l\\. **.

~

L

.,,.y.

,/

t A

. ' < /..

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...........*..s.

/

a e

t_

.+.

7-

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/

l ;. ;

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/,

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l c.

c

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~

u l

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=

r.

~

. [:

I

.. ~,, ly'

~

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J

\\

.w,, ' ?,/,.'.

.l' I

l-

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t

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i.

l

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{.

/

• • *~ *

• O co r.n coun tie s

. Portlend eraa cownibs i

' **~* Inlc n d C ou n t.@ $

• • ***' $tCl4 total p

U.S. w hite i

L i

F l

l-g t

i i

1

~

• . l '

2' t

1 i

t

}

l 1935 1943 1945 1933 1935 1950' 190!

1940 1945 1950 1935 1500

-Yeot

.Wn.:.Wu ut,!c leukn.& tuort.::;y dat.:, nr 3 C--:0 ar s s w n IE *.c.WA 1 and 2.

l Vol. C1, No..:. /.r.rii 1065 313 i

4

.-.m....

...-_,,ww..

w.._

v......,. - -

m

.,_m.

v.

,y...,__.,..,2,,,,..,.,.,.__,y.,-._7

,,.,wy,,.,,-,

,,,,-n,-,_.,,....,.-y,.,vyn,.4, 9..#-

.m,

-. - - -- -- - - ~ -

-. -. ~....-._ _ - ---

l 1

1 the ocean countic.,1u..f al o been genendly low.-

but hl the most recent period (10503) they l

= Tnnds in mortality rate. for leukemia are weiy the lowest hi the State.

somewinu les clear. cut than trends for :otal In Washington leukemia mortality rates in -

i i~

canece because of the = mall numbers of deaths

'the river countics increa>cd rapidly before 10W-i E

t in r.onw areas In Oregon leukemLLmortality but they have nernally decreased 6'ince thn: timo increa-ed at about the national a0 era:re in the Svhi!o nue.4 in ;othei parts of the State and in i

i Portland area. ali.thtly t. aster m river connues, the total (..tuted btates werc r..ismg. Lenkem.ia 1

and even inster in the u. daud coumie,. lintes - mortality rates in the ocean countica also haVO j

for the ocean countics have ih etuated widely,.

increased rapidly :ince 104,,b'ut the increase i

i t

i --

i

+

s Table 2.

Numbers 5 of deaths trum cil forms of c:meer r.nd from leukemia.In the United St5tes, Ore;:on,.nu Tc.hing;on, in verbu thne periods i

1 Area

! lug 4-J' 1934-42 1943 ' 1Dh-52 1053-57 105S-G3

+

i

(

4

?

d -

4 s

l

.\\!! fornu of cateer t

i.

j Total Cnhed sn.tes3..

5' 7 Ce11 73 ' M *,

324, M9 ' 0G9 u37.

.1,102,279 4 1,200,301

/

Orev o:...

• l. 229 i *, 345 3, 650 !

10 229.

!!,d41

.15.332 l

1;iver em oc!c.......

= f:ri 2 521 ds2 374 '

992-1;nl4 i

Ocean co:ac io3........

• iin 4 754 1.I19 '

1, Su 1,74a.

2,uns Pon to... co:. a lca... _

i

' tE

+2.73n 4, Oto.

4. % 4 5,495 7, aus b.lcnd co.ua b......

4 350 i 1. 7. I

',NO 2, vol

.O,4hs 4,622 j

Wu-hin., un N, iN C 12,127

13. 2 4 id.4n4 W, 10..

05. J52 j

1;iver em..,

I *+.

1. M 6

1. V2 ;

1, 421 1, 4 h 1, 970 G5

• o.

nh

.;43 1, t,ds 1, 50 l ileco.

c.nl.i.c<...

Pi rtir.. ;. m.uiev.

2et S;5 434 541

{

i nha..'. co..n;1 3.....,.

• 90 47

'7.270 in, Irp i t, ;h" 13,057 10,024 21,024 1

i S

4 1.cukemia 4

i Tmall' hoed.'wtr 3..

13 7"U 02 :05 h 2.0 41.470-51, b34

' 85%2i.0 l1 Orc.oi....

.,.4 4

o-"

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u.

A.

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is.a s N.4 t.

- 4 t.-

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9 1.m..

l.r, Po,

t.

. a ir...... -....

• si-199 234 do 40s 10 !_.. cu.:................

s>

'7 40 N1 132 193 244 i

W..t ixt oa.....

'r Sun.

573, 74,5

.941 1.342 e

l hv.. co n.

' h.

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Pun; o'cc ais.......

• I

^

25 32 31

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45 b.ha.. c.m d it a....

- M 311 47s,

CM 502'

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I

% k.

5 k A4

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-ha. died n,.,dN., :.

a...m.

c.v u - :.ca a. o:

, dc.ai, c%nments betmen :la:.Mh, Sih. al 6th revi lano c:' the-i rr.... w m.4 1

J W:.ia rs:.c:.dua oQ 4 Dan. '. huvi;2.

4

.. Itaa r a 19.*, c:.:y.

.a Da:a for 1939,42.

D.a4 not avnS.bie by cv w.

j'

• Da o for INo-42c

)

l'Tc,;al fuch..', < on,. h5 c.,m ay td b..

o,..... r. wm

});an [yr 190'r..c[ i '3I Guh*

Ia

,O

s :

18 u iNo d!MU Ih* CuG3![ [Or Ib3$..d IUNI 4

.m,cac u: c:. w m en. c.. 1.: e :y c mo-57 u: n.as c... m att mena e ec.+nyev: arrm

](141.-44 Wer a Ghi

, i. I e+

1. N...., O..

'.U6%0Gshae ni a! O[ IICultl' Ed.11a WsM. MIC.M b%h Lbt -

deah tw ev;.ty h. " b W IV47

'.7 -

.O<

. ; F fc..o ed cover for 1r11, i:r:0-O s,

. 194 F44 werv.

oh min 9 6 :.:e R..e i!cW..r 'i.. - a c. ; N. 'l m ;cfL ~,,Gymph-TM rer..nitier of tho Qu ; wee o

6htuih % frv A r.;Ok id. ViEE@) Gi bl B.,

i.O id I...; U.ded s L cf.

i J

9 1

31 !-

. Pu'dic !!cahh lleports F

t

- - "- W i

+----u

+n.

e. - -

• r e-,

,-.w.-

..-~m,.--=-,w.c---..e.

.-ew.rmee..v-se.*....-w-~v+

- e-n w v -

.w-e--.~-m.e r.er -.s *

• e eae'i*'.~

e-= - - ~

c sl.

has been no greater thi. hat of the State as a Figure 2.

Co'.ites in Oregon oml Washinge

)

ivbole, ton, by geographie categwy 4

s h*o s.igmh.e;utt tremh were observed.m md.u i

&.4 vidu:d cotmties in either hhington or T

)

i j

Oregon.

p y-j.;;g,,,,,,

- ;y%

+="n"; -vs<.*-V wor' s a

WASH!NOION I

Summery

-- ;f. -- {

)

Col rr.m+ay

.v r

.yY Becatt<o of recent concern over po lble cun-bor i :

~

p,.

tammation n t to cuma na..iver av ra< inacttre c.+.

i fi products from the Uanfon!- (hhington)

U:4ff.,

0,;. ;$ i

- 1. x,-.I ;

' @ M,. _ ~ -- - ---

• (( kM l

Table 3.

Coimtics h: Oregon and hhing-ton, by geogrephic category iMQ~ ', '

3 S

.. j-(

.s a

l Tot st '

i Total.

N-

~

4 Atva -

coun.

Area

cce W.

) k ; "*

t tu tles-

~~'

4

\\-

t

. )

.-*. < oncos l

J Orco a.....

M E3Linwton..

D h

e l,

I i

F L <,

l in c..

s e.w.c...........

ch. u, lh.:or.a c.o. h oaa.

cowan:

1 e-=g om

1. ='.

i t.o:u n.

y rg. q -

t_;Pm..m wac aca t pr.sd

]lov!!!;.vc;-

dhv.s Simmw Mona.ia u,i.h:n.i V."a An.mic Suaage l'rererre. an inde'nendent ntudy v-e ;., n LA uci I ne:1.1 wr., o wns underta,xea 10 uetermiac cancer trends in y,qu........

I m,,hin. ua and Oregon inna W::l'to U:c:1,

_,t, p

C..

o.n-

o.. m..

4 r or r he cualy36. :ae comu:e> wn am :he two E

cen.

- u,n,y, u.aw.c p..

g{e 4

(MHY Ud

.. ' *.

• wn M i p.4 W p7Q t,jVj.,vg, Md4 DQ;p pa{pguf;gy ((yQp, 2

!N u d

1%ch.:c ocean..bri ron. o.H a n i3 ort h;;;u,, a: d'. +

o

atana.

.a...

Qd "~

iaorn.m v rute, or au, forar of cancer 1

l

.,.i.p'.b -

tenuh of;!.e.tudy reconied I;;at.in heah o

.o.3......

M ates 1[ !....aliin

.s o.,. m.

w,, ~.. ' ", n

. +

1

_,.na.omeu have hien run -tently 1.e. low :1.e mor.

.o-4 ta.. ny : :u e,.or t..e i..d. wh,n e

/

a e

...t.:w.....

..,.a-u.m, aanoa. Dath

+

.a hh N nip.; have.,a:ta ;t co!bblen{ pXyp,4g jh ;eu (ehua m,' huinah

,,u r f

-=

noon g

6 da'

h. ort a }..dV7.P.ll i ne e.\\t'e3 Wa3 Mpe.-put i.piorp (he s

.\\ =u t i n

.I l.-innlortl'l3rererre hegatt opemtion. h.o im-I n h o. L..

10 c;,,.g, U"E

' Ca'a ao a pg; nit morfulilV treilda Werc Oh/erv0d in indi.

i:

h. nun.

In.a.1, Perry Vh!"d! C"UUU"5 Mt "U BOP Dulle-Cr..A

$prn~!d

_ h'n evidence Wa* found thn pern. A HviW

(

1).vebu t.,

7 downs: ream froni.' t he ' Euifm'd l'ren.orve al i

fg7,%".y i

Jub6 N!' O ulcug the Purifio cuait of Oregon have had an JcLr-ua excen ris!cmf death frobt cancer jit geneta!.or i

i J.orp:unc I n ~ 't".

Trum leu, n_Ha tu pathettlar.

P' a

7\\latad t h

- L,-an a

kne n ;au rias J. iia Pe. A Uccitle

m,yc3 y.

l'ide h'g]Iku.-

h ac",

' I L Pu G !c!. li. C.l O fe#"3 raaU dnane? W M ern lihy*i-7;g l

Po'.h

...nopo au,a egra $u,caMy rehard to !!anfon!.y.*

.hiace:nu

[?p$'[.,a.

rag!.d tto;.e cruram 7 1:nt:ron *;ealth 12 :

- eng

@uL m y-J une lua*..

%36u s Whee;ct !

n'a

• aan il) I.evh'. E L.. et at Ca:avr. incl.Iet.te In urban'-

- YamhC)

L Ya.ci:c:i saut :,,ni c;rn

..f. New - Yor:,.t.ae,

.7 Ne.

Cancer Ing 2!: 121:1-PT.L h f 1:r.;i.

b l.

,,,.3,

.%.,.,... a c.~..>

g.

.e

n. e,

...... ~.

-~....,.--....,_.y

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a.

,:--..,,~,.-...~_+,

n.+----

..,.. ~., - -...,,.

.n.~-.--+---~-.---..--~.--.--..--w=~.

_. - _. _ _ _ _ _ =

.uaan. !!. T. titut Fhar.

W. : Cou p.gi.iii,4 (b) l' mr. >( $!....at I Mlman. A. D. : Comparnl.llity

,una. ut it.mth nui,tmuun - by tlw IV.9 >&l ruli.* 1.a.cil u. twirtality *tatlnics for the Uf:h

tm revidats $4 tlie liderhAt!'J.at lbt: 4.m.u*

nnit _ rixth revl he. I'n!tet! S:c.tes M%

. the t'ulml N

ttes, 1944 V't.tl htattatica-

~ Vital,4tath:h+- 88.tlat Relort4 **1. I'clermtry -

8;.mial ite;.artg lb June 1944, p.14.

Irn;4, p.a.-

T.d a 5.

Lrtality ra:es per _100,000 popuk:lon and num\\.rs of deaths for d forins of cancer by county, la earlo::4 thns priods, W dington 1-3

)

!!atu -

Nuuibers l-i Cuunte i

i

+

t i

i i

I i 110.,4 i 10h.1041-1' 194,%-I D.*.,b I t> h. - 1004-12..,. ! 1913- !!'!,% f,105.:1-i 10,M.1 i

i 1

4 a.

4..

a

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m.,

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., s 13.s e

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. 1:!*. 0 119.a : on. 2 -

10~, T

• 179. ::

s.o 131 17'4 - Iu? - 274 326 4so

41 125, 5 21 30

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• t 96 10

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Ited. 4 101.. A l.ui. 0,

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RADIOLOGICAL usCTS OF OPERATING THE I N TICELW NUCLEAR GENERATING plt #f The application by Northem States Power Company for a permit.to.

construct the Monticello plant was reviewed from the standpoint of radiological safety by four bodies in the Atomic Energy Commission's process of licensing and regulation, as outlined in the attached booklet,

" Licensing of Power Reactors." These review groups included the AEC mgulatory staff, the' Commission's' statutory Advisory Comittee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS), and an atomic safety and licensing board which.

conducted a public hearing in the matter on May 25-26, 1967, at Buffalo, Minnesota. The initial decision of the board, granting a pmvisional construction pemit, was then reviewed by the-Commission itself. The construction pemit was issued on June 19, 1967. 'Each of these review bodies concluded that the proposed plant could be constructed and operated without undue risk to the health and safety of the public.

On November 8,1968, the applicant applied for an operating license.

Further safety myiews are now being conducted by the AEC regulatory staff. The ACRS will also review this application and advise the Commission thereon. Further, if an operating license is granted, the plant will be under AEC surveillance and undergo periodic safety inspections throughout its lifetine.

Small amounts of radioactive material are permitted by AEC regula-tions to be released into the environment at controlled rates and in:

controlled amounts from a nuclear power plant. This requires a continuous prot, am of monitoring and control to assure that release limits are not e

exceeded. The release limits in AEC regulations are based on guides.

developed by the Federal Radiation Council, a statutory body, and approved by the President for the guidance of Federal agencies. These release limits are such that continuous use of air or water at the point of release fmm the site would not result in exposures exceeding national and international standards for radiation pmtection of the public.

The concentrations of liquid-radioactive effluents released from the plant are further reduced by dilution in the body of water to which' they are discharged.

A survey of all operating nuclear power plants has shown that the concentrations of radioactivity in liquid releases

_ during 1967 were _only a.small fraction of the release limits applicable.

to the radionuclides in the effluent.

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novra~ar"7 o"ca^tm~5 WASHINGTON. D.C. 20510 April 8, 1969 Chairman Atomic Energy Commission Washington, D.C.

20545

Dear Sir:

I am enclosing a copy of a letter which I received from a constituent regarding the proposed nuclear power plant in Monticello, Minnesoc'a.

I would appreciate having your comments on the questio:is raised about this matter and a report on the status of the proposed plant.

Sincerely yours, 4

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& Carthy EJM:jw 9

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lea 1:citourns Aver.us Southosat

."innospolis, 1;inneoota 55414 Son:. tor u5cno Mc;;.rthy Sonste Offico 3uildirc.

'.le:hington. D.C.

Loar Sonstor McCa thy r

.sa a citizen of Minno6otc.. I havo ct*octoi to the proposed nuclosr po.tcr pi:.nt in ;,:3ntisc110.

I tolievo no one his the ri;ht to subject any cit-1:ar. to the innsors of r.:.diation... no cno h:.c the right to nahe a va.lua jui;nont ' thr.t the rich to life is offtet by the 'conefits of such a sya. t cn.

no one'h As the richt to foul the rivors.ud lakes which belong to the peoplc of tho stato.

1.an anelising a roport I h;w preparoi =4 circulated at the TJI. City Ocnvention in Qnneapolis. I havo acked othors to join r.o in protostin; the licencins of this pie.t to cusp ::.diod.ctive resste into tho "insissippi.

I find the ider. alnost unbelievable,

! inploro you to una av:ry :ssno at your dispo.;al to hol; block this licencira.

Sinccraly, LumsM e

N Rutsell :-:atlirc D

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MONTICELLO - A nuclear energy gamble -

l kThestakes: mutation, cancer, death j

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Citizens are concerned about the idea of radioactive wastes being dumped 4

into the Mississippi at Monticello. We should be.

It's our drinking 1

water.. And in spite of the assurances of safety trem the Atomic Energy.

Com.kission and Northern States Power Company -- the safety and performance records of nuclear energy plants have been dismal.

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Of the original 12 nuclear power plants that have been put into operation, 8'have f ailed -- including the one at Elk River where radioactive leakr i

forced shutdown -- an3 the Northern States Pcwer " Pathfinder" plant in l

Sioux Falls which exceeded its yearly concentration limit despite being cperated below full power. Three plants have been abandoned (one at an -

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' estimated $7 million decontamination cost, paid by the taxpayer, of l

course).1 a

In all cases where these plants failed, citizens had bcon assured, as-l now, of complete safety.

Q.

If there were a real dancer to health frem radioactive waste, would ~

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~the Atomic Enerev Ccimissicn arnrove of such a clant?

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A.

It appocrs that the AEC not only would but in fact has approved of such plants. The Hanford, Washington Atemic Energy facility on the i

Columbia River is an exenple.

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A 1965 study showed that Oregon counties bordering the Columbia River downstream frtm the Hanford facility had a 53 percent higher cancer rate than the rest of the state. The JOUTNAL CP ENVIRONMFNTAL HEALTH reported: "Thic physiographic pattern of malignancy provides strong -

circumstantial evidence that not just leukemia but all types of cancer are influenced by bodily ingested radioicotopes in quantities heretofore thought safe."2 We might add, 'declarcd safe' by the AEC.

i Q.

But whv would the AFC antrove a nuclear tower installation where even the slightest cuestien of safety exists?

4 6-A.

It is important to koop in mind that the AEC was established to promote the use of nuclear energy. Limiting such use, even for safety reasons, is clearly a conflict of interent for the AEC.

Q.

What is a ' safe level' 6f radioactivity in the environment?

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A.

There is no ' safe level' of radioactivity. Radiation as minimal as X-ray exposure of an unborn child.is asso: Lated with leukemia in later life.2 Standards depend on how many deaths and' mutations we are willing t

to accept.

For exa..ple, the rederal Radiation C0uncil has set its standards at

.5 ren yearly exposure.

"If we assume the population of the Twin Cities me:: pelitan s:21 to b; :wo -illien, : hen a centinuing yearl'y exposure i

of.5 : s - th: F..: :::ndard d:re -- v:214 he c::pected to cause fr:r 10 to 100 caccc cf leuktmia ;cr year and azeut an aqual number of other 9

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types of neoplasms (cancer)... Whether a loss of this magnitude is acceptable to society can only be determined by-considering the benefits to be gained from a particular use of atomic energy."3 A question one might ask is 'whose benefits a..d whoso deaths?'

How much radioactive waste would the ororosed Moriticello Plant discharge Q.

into the Mississippi?

Northern States Power estimates a total waste, including fuel leaks, of

./. A.

91.4 Curies yearly.4 General Electric, who has a reputation for seriously underestimating radioactive discharge, guesses 30,000 Curies the first year. Note the discrepancy: 29,998.6 Curies. The real ficure is ani/ body's quess.

("A Curie is equivalent to the activity of one grcm of radium. We can all recall the excitement and intensive scarches instituted when capsules containing a few milligrams of radium were lost or misplaced. Yet the quantity of radioactivity proposed for release f rom a single nucIcar power plant each year, even under the most optimistic assumptions as to its operation, is several times the activity of the entire world supply of radium.")4 Q.

pihat about' the t resent argument between Morthern States ?over and the Pollution Control Agt.ncv as to allcuable linits of radioact: fe contri-

'3 nation?

This is a sham battle diverting attention from the real roint that.n.o.

A.

amount of radioactive waste is saf a and under g conditions should dumping it in our drinking water be tolerated.

Eugeno P. Dolum, in his widely used textbook, FUND'FINTALS OF EC LOGY, says: "Should a system raceive a higher level of radiation than that under which it evolved, nature will not take it ' lying down, ' so to speak; adaptations and adjustments vill occur along with climination of sensitive strains or species."

Put another ways radioactive weste dumped into the Mississippi will result in mutations or freaks in plants, animals, fish and pocple.

Cancer and the death race due to cancer will increase. No limits have been set on the increase of illness and death that is " acceptable."

That will apparently d'apend on how 1 cud pecple protest as they learn what is happending, t

Q.

Is is necessary to dischare radioactive wste into the-Mississippi River?

"The quantity of radicactive wasto.s which is discharged depends on A.

NO.

the extent of the wast: treatment systcr. Radioisotepes in the was es Chere need be no can* vary from n:ne to several nillien Curies per year.

radioactive f.is:harge since those that are released-are the result of del.hara:e da:izi:na. Tha :n'.; ; air o.~fn;;irg these releases is a S l ig h tl y

'.0' 3 r, *nd a' f0;

'T.s; T. 01iif f ? '. :Or10 al CO c t to thC - ce".sUT.1!. "

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What can vou do?

A.

Make your voice heard. Don't leave it to the other guy. Protest now against dumping radioactive wastu in _anv te.ount into the Mississippi River or any other body of watcr in Minnesota.

/

send your protest to i

l.

. Covernor Harold LeVander, State Capitol Bidg., St. Paul, Minnesota J,

. Mayor Arthur Naf talin, Minneapolis Court House, Minneapolis, Minnesota

. Your own State Legislator, State Capitol Bldg., St. Paul, Minnesota

. Mr. John Badalich, Chairman - Pollution Control Agency, Depart.r.ent of Health Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota ATTEND POLtVTION CONTROL AGENCY MEUTING (Permit for NSP will be granted or denied at this faceting)

Tuesday, March 11 '

Veterans Servico Building 9:00 AM Capitol Approach - St. Paul Source Materia'i (1) United States Atce.ic Energy Co.. mission, " Operating History of U. S. Nucicar Reactors" (2) Robert Cunninght.:. Tadeley, " Orc on Malignancy Pattern Physiograph-ically Rela:cd to Uc.nford Washington Radicisotopo Storage,"

JOUPJ ?.L OF ENVIRC:D2:::TAL MEALT:1, May-June, '65 (3)

R. E. Pogue t.nd D. E. Abre.ha *. son, " Benefits, Risks, and Regulations,"

JOUFJiAL OF MINNISCTA ACA0EMY or SCIENCE, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1968.

(4) Abrahamson and Pogue, " Discharge of Padioactive and Themal Wastes," JOUF;;AL or MIGNES' 4 ACADEMY 07 SCIENCE, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1968.

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